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Journal articles on the topic 'Laser diagnostic data'
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KOUCKY, Miroslav, and David VALIŠ. "SUITABLE APPROACH FOR NON-TRADITIONAL DETERMINATION OF SYSTEM HEALTH AND PROGNOSTICS." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 159, no. 1 (January 3, 2011): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.2884.
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Nowadays the system requirements are set up and evaluated in various manners. We have plenty of excellent options available taking into account item technical state or/and other states and talking about diagnostic options. Tribodiagnostics is one of the independent and good parts to assess the system condition. The paper deals with the mathematical processing, monitoring and analysis of the oil field data got as a result from the laser spectrography in frame of the tribodiagnostic oil tests. This diagnostic approach has been currently used for oil diagnostic results comparison – usually for comparison of expected system state determined by laser spectrography only. There is not known deeper relation of oil diagnostics data and system related consequences (like determining the terminal state and service optimization – maintenance for instance).
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Irimiciuc, Stefan Andrei, Sergii Chertopalov, Jan Lancok, and Valentin Craciun. "Langmuir Probe Technique for Plasma Characterization during Pulsed Laser Deposition Process." Coatings 11, no. 7 (June 25, 2021): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11070762.
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The history of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and transient plasmas generated by laser ablation is intertwined with the development of various techniques for its fundamental understanding. Some diagnostic tools have been developed to better suit the rapid transient nature of the plasma (space and time dependence of all parameters, fast decay and complex chemistry inside the plasma), whereas others have been adapted from basic plasma physics studies. Langmuir probe method has been used as a real-time in situ diagnostic tool for laser ablation and later for PLD. It remains a useful tool for the PLD community arsenal, which can easily be adapted to the development of new lasers and ablation regimes and new deposition configuration, being one of the most versatile techniques for plasma diagnostics. It is the cornerstone on which charge particles are analyzed and has led to several important discoveries, such as multiple peak distribution, selective acceleration during expansion, plume splitting, plasma turbulences and fluctuations. However, because the Langmuir probe theory adaptation from classical plasma physics is not straightforward, it might lead to misinterpretation and often incorrect analysis of data. This review analyzes the limits and understanding of the technique as a foundation for attaining its full potential, which can impact the way PLD is used. This is especially useful for the pressing need of real-time, in-situ diagnostics and feedback loops for systematic semi-industrial implementation of the PLD technique.
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Fiorani, Luca, Florinda Artuso, Isabella Giardina, Antonia Lai, Simone Mannori, and Adriana Puiu. "Photoacoustic Laser System for Food Fraud Detection." Sensors 21, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 4178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21124178.
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Economically motivated adulterations of food, in general, and spices, in particular, are an emerging threat to world health. Reliable techniques for the rapid screening of counterfeited ingredients in the supply chain need further development. Building on the experience gained with CO2 lasers, the Diagnostic and Metrology Laboratory of ENEA realized a compact and user-friendly photoacoustic laser system for food fraud detection, based on a quantum cascade laser. The sensor has been challenged with saffron adulteration. Multivariate data analysis tools indicated that the photoacoustic laser system was able to detect adulterants at mass ratios of 2% in less than two minutes.
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Castellini, P., and G. M. Revel. "Laser vibration measurements and data processing for structural diagnostic on composite material." Review of Scientific Instruments 71, no. 1 (January 2000): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150184.
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Stancalie, V. "Theoretical calculation of atomic data for plasma spectroscopy." Laser and Particle Beams 27, no. 2 (April 22, 2009): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034609000457.
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AbstractIn the present article, a number of theoretical approximations and numerical methods, varying in complexity, are reviewed, in order to facilitate their selection for plasma diagnostic purposes. Results refer to highly charged ions, particularly in the lithium isoelectronic sequence. This article describes progress in understanding the role of laser induced degenerate state phenomenon on resonances obtained by using lasers. This type of process, implicitly included in the R-matrix Floquet calculation, contributes to some degree, to the overall behavior of the resonance profiles. The present article gives comparative results obtained from ab initio non-perturbative treatment and perturbative calculation of autoionization widths in Be-like ions. The effective oscillator strength for complex highly ionized atoms is, also, provided. Such calculations are of interest as they represent accurate benchmark data for beam emission spectroscopy, Zeff analysis, or complex atoms modeling in fusion plasma devices.
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Wang, Zhenhai, Pengfei Fu, and Xing Chao. "Laser Absorption Sensing Systems: Challenges, Modeling, and Design Optimization." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13 (July 5, 2019): 2723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132723.
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Laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) is a promising diagnostic method capable of providing high-bandwidth, species-specific sensing, and highly quantitative measurements. This review aims at providing general guidelines from the perspective of LAS sensor system design for realizing quantitative species diagnostics in combustion-related environments. A brief overview of representative detection limits and bandwidths achieved in different measurement scenarios is first provided to understand measurement needs and identify design targets. Different measurement schemes including direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS), wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS), and their variations are discussed and compared in terms of advantages and limitations. Based on the analysis of the major sources of noise including electronic, optical, and environmental noises, strategies of noise reduction and design optimization are categorized and compared. This addresses various means of laser control parameter optimization and data processing algorithms such as baseline extraction, in situ laser characterization, and wavelet analysis. There is still a large gap between the current sensor capabilities and the demands of combustion and engine diagnostic research. This calls for a profound understanding of the underlying fundamentals of a LAS sensing system in terms of optics, spectroscopy, and signal processing.
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Коровкина and A. Korovkina. "Statistical modeling of significant diagnostic methods used in the treatment ofprimary forms of inflammatory periodontal diseases." Journal of New Medical Technologies. eJournal 8, no. 1 (November 5, 2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6674.
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In the article the ground of choice of meaningful methods of diagnostics is carried out on the basis of statistical analysis of data got during realization of photo-radiotherapy of initial forms of inflammatory diseases of paradontium. For this purpose inspection was conducted in 100 patients with gingivitis of easy and middle degree, periodontitis of easy degree by means of an offer algorithm of diagnostics – clinical and laboratory me-thods. The clinical methods were indexes, stomatoscopy and the laboratory method was the laser Doppler flow-metry. All patients were divided into 2 groups: basic (50 patients), which was applied photo-radiotherapy using a device Uzor-А-2К by power 18 W; and control (50 patients) to them medical treatment was recommended. Sta-tistical analysis of data, obtained in the study, was performed using SAS 9.3. and Microsoft Office 2010 - analysis of contingency tables and logistic regression.Significant diagnostic methods when conducting contin-gency tables were stomatoscope and the CPITN index. Laser Doppler flowmetry and significant parameters of microcirculation were determined using the method of logical regression. This is testified to optimally proposed algorithm for diagnosis of early forms of inflammatory periodontal diseases.
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Lopes, Bernardo, Marcella Q. Salomão, Isaac C. Ramos, and Fernando Faria-Correia. "Unilateral Ectasia characterized by Advanced Diagnostic Tests." International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases 5, no. 1 (2016): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10025-1120.
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ABSTRACT To describe a case of very asymmetric ectasia successfully treated by femtosecond laser-assisted intracorneal ring segment implantation, in which the diagnosis of unilateral ectasia in the right eye was based on the clinical findings including history, follow-up, and advanced diagnostic data. The patient's history was positive for ocular allergy with moderate- to-intense eye rubbing only in the right eye. The uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/63 in the right eye and 20/32 in the left eye. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 20/40 in the right eye (-1.75-4.00 × 35°) and 20/16 in the left eye (-0.50-0.25 × 115°). After femtosecond laser-assisted intracorneal ring segment implantation, the right eye improved CDVA to 20/20-1. Concerning ectasia/keratoconus diagnosis, the left eye remained stable over 1 year of follow-up with unremarkable topometric, tomographic, and biomechanical findings. Epithelial thickness mapping by spectral domain optical coherence tomography and very-high-frequency digital ultrasound demonstrated epithelial thickness within normal limits in the left eye. Advanced diagnostic methods along with clinical data enable the distinction from unilateral ectasia cases and subclinical (fruste) keratoconus. Literature review is also performed along with case presentation and discussion. How to cite this article Ramos IC, Reinstein DZ, Archer TJ, Gobbe M, Salomão MQ, Lopes B, Luz A, Faria-Correia F, Gatinel D, Belin MW, Ambrósio R Jr. Unilateral Ectasia characterized by Advanced Diagnostic Tests. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(1):40-51.
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K, Harini, and Radhika Arjunkumar. "Awareness of Laser Dentistry Among Dentists in Tanjore- A survey." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 3 (July 10, 2018): 1623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1530.
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Diode laser are used for soft tissue surgeries in the oral cavity.The use of laser is limited due to the lack of knowledge, effectiveness and the high cost of laser unit. The use of lasers can decrease morbidity after surgery and reduces the need for anaesthetics.the laser is used for caries prevention, bleaching, restorative removal and curing, cavity preparation, dentinal hypersensitivity, growth modulation and for diagnostic purposes, whereas soft tissue application includes incision, excision, ablation, wound healing, removal of hyperplastic tissue to uncovering of impacted or partially erupted tooth, photodynamic therapy for malignancies, photo stimulation of herpetic lesion. Although dental lasers was introduced in 1964, its knowledge and implementation has increased only in past 15-20 years especially in developing countries like India. In order to evaluate the knowledge on laser and its implementationin the field of dentistry among dentists in Tanjore, this survey was conducted among dentists in Tanjore. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out among dentists in Tanjore. A questionnaire consisting of 3 main parts was designed and administered to dentists in Tanjore and knowledge was assessed. The data were entered and analysed statistically. 14% of dentists have adequate knowledge,46% of dentists have moderate knowledge, 39% of dentists have inadequate knowledge.35% of dentists had practiced laser dentistry before.The wellknown information among dentists about the dental laser is the lasers application in gingivectomy and crown lengthening. 50% of dentists felt that cost of laser unit is the biggest deterrant in practicing laser dentistry. Most of the dentists have only moderate knowledge on laser.Education should be given on laser to increase its implementation in field of dentistry.
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Paull, Peter E., Benjamin J. Hyatt, Wahid Wassef, and Andrew H. Fischer. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy: A Primer for Pathologists." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 135, no. 10 (October 1, 2011): 1343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2010-0264-ra.
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Context.—The advent of new endoscopic optical techniques is likely to change pathologists' role in diagnosis. Objective.—To describe how confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) works, show its advantages and limitations compared to cytohistologic biopsy, and explore how it may affect the practice of pathology. Data Sources.—Literature review. Conclusions.—Confocal laser endomicroscopy is proving its ability to provide histology-like images of tissues in vivo to help avoid risks and costs of conventional biopsies. Confocal imaging restricts light to 1 plane, emulating a paraffin section, and topical or systemic optical contrast agents allow subcellular resolution. New contrast agents could theoretically permit molecular characterization. In vivo imaging has begun to demonstrate novel, dynamic types of diagnostic features. Decreased histologic biopsies can be anticipated for a few scenarios. Significant limitations of CLE include the inability to create a tissue archive for broad molecular classification, suboptimal contrast agents, small fields of view and shallow penetration, paucity of clinical validation studies, and problems with reimbursement. Confocal laser endomicroscopy exposes new opportunities for pathologists: CLE technologies can be exploited in pathology, and diagnostic criteria expanded based on endoscopists' discoveries. Potential synergy exists between CLE and cytology, allowing the low-magnification diagnostic architectural changes by CLE and cytomorphology to emulate the full diagnostic information in a histologic biopsy while providing an archive of material for molecular or immunohistochemical studies. Confocal laser endomicroscopy will decrease some types of biopsies, but offers an opportunity for pathologists to find new ways to provide value and improve patient care.
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Bezuglyi, Mikhail, and Natalia Bezuglaya. "Raman Spectroscopy Principles for in vivo Diagnostic by Ellipsoidal Reflectors." Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 15, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2019-0006.
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AbstractThe paper presents the analysis of the functional abilities of measurement tools with ellipsoidal reflectors for Raman spectroscopy. The investigated structural scheme of the setup is intended for use in Raman spectroscopy in vivo by ellipsoidal reflectors. The setup can be used as a prototype for development of a device for non-invasive control of sugar level. Additionally, the investigation demonstrates the efficiency of ellipsoidal photometry method for registration of Raman scattering signal on test-solutions. The testing was performed for different sugar concentrations with the laser radiation wavelength 980 nm. In addition, the selecting principles of laser radiation source parameters (including beam diameter and power) were investigated. During the research, the data about spatial distribution of the backscattered light in human shoulder and finger tissues during photometry by ellipsoidal reflectors were received. The procedure involves application of Monte Carlo simulation. The dependency of the external and middle ring illuminance of photometric images on the diameter and power of the laser beam is represented based on the zone analysis.
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Halliwell, N. A., and G. K. Hargrave. "Optical engineering: Diagnostics for industrial applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 217, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 597–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440603321919545.
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Optical engineering uses research and development of laser technology, modern photonic detection/imaging systems and optical metrology for engineering applications. It has produced a wide range of processes and techniques from high-power laser material processing to high-sensitivity metrology and has applications in every industrial sector. Modern optical diagnostic techniques are providing new experimental and in situ data, which hitherto were considered to be unobtainable. Engineers are analysing these data in order to provide immediate design improvements in the performance of components. In addition, they use the data to refine theoretical/computer models of engineering processes, which in turn provide more accurate performance prediction. This paper introduces technology now available to the optical engineer and describes how it is being used to provide optical diagnostic techniques for both solid and fluid mechanics applications in industry. The gas industry has to deal with gas provision safely and efficiently from ‘drill bit to burner tip’ and has benefited significantly from optical engineering. Examples of optical diagnostic techniques and applications, which are used to improve this process, are described.
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Bogomolov, A. I., I. L. Davydkin, E. A. Savinov, N. S. Popel'nyuk, and K. V. Naumova. "Assessing risks of developing myeloproliferative diseases complications with laser doppler flowmetry." Health Risk Analysis, no. 3 (September 2020): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.3.19.
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Public healthcare in Russia faces many challenges; meeting them requires non-standard and innovative approaches. The set tasks are being solved within the «Public healthcare development» State program. A sub-program within it is called «Development and implementation of innovative diagnostics, prevention, and treatment procedures as well as basics of personified medicine». This sub-program involves wide use of information and digital technologies. Personified medicine envisages developing such methods that would allow early detection of a probable disease even at a preliminary stage in examining a patient; this detection is to be based on a simple and relatively cheap diagnostic technology and to provide a medical center with reliable data on detected signs of a disease for a further diagnosis. Mass use of such technologies also requires truly reliable mathematic procedures and models for putting a preliminary diagnosis. At present cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death all over the world; they develop due to variable factors including influence exerted by malignant neoplasms and also due to chemotherapy. The paper contains data collected by contemporary medical experts on case histories and complications of myeloproliferative diseases caused by vascular system pathology that holds the first rank place as per mortality worldwide. It was detected that both pathological cellular mass and medications applied to treat myeloproliferative neoplasms could produce adverse effects on vascular endothelium damage to which plays the leading role in cardiovascular continuum. To assess risks of myeloproliferative diseases complications, we examined patients using Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF). The results were processed with a logistic regression model. As per ROC-analysis results the obtained diagnostic criterion has sensitivity (1 – β) and specificity, (1 – α) that are equal to 0.87 and 0.96 accordingly, and it means diagnostics is high-quality. The procedure and the mode can be applied in digital medicine.
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Bogomolov, A. I., I. L. Davydkin, E. A. Savinov, N. S. Popel'nyuk, and K. V. Naumova. "Assessing risks of developing myeloproliferative diseases complications with laser doppler flowmetry." Health Risk Analysis, no. 3 (September 2020): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2020.3.19.eng.
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Public healthcare in Russia faces many challenges; meeting them requires non-standard and innovative approaches. The set tasks are being solved within the «Public healthcare development» State program. A sub-program within it is called «Development and implementation of innovative diagnostics, prevention, and treatment procedures as well as basics of personified medicine». This sub-program involves wide use of information and digital technologies. Personified medicine envisages developing such methods that would allow early detection of a probable disease even at a preliminary stage in examining a patient; this detection is to be based on a simple and relatively cheap diagnostic technology and to provide a medical center with reliable data on detected signs of a disease for a further diagnosis. Mass use of such technologies also requires truly reliable mathematic procedures and models for putting a preliminary diagnosis. At present cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death all over the world; they develop due to variable factors including influence exerted by malignant neoplasms and also due to chemotherapy. The paper contains data collected by contemporary medical experts on case histories and complications of myeloproliferative diseases caused by vascular system pathology that holds the first rank place as per mortality worldwide. It was detected that both pathological cellular mass and medications applied to treat myeloproliferative neoplasms could produce adverse effects on vascular endothelium damage to which plays the leading role in cardiovascular continuum. To assess risks of myeloproliferative diseases complications, we examined patients using Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF). The results were processed with a logistic regression model. As per ROC-analysis results the obtained diagnostic criterion has sensitivity (1 – β) and specificity, (1 – α) that are equal to 0.87 and 0.96 accordingly, and it means diagnostics is high-quality. The procedure and the mode can be applied in digital medicine.
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Mironenko, Vladimir R., Yuril A. Kuritsyn, Vladimir V. Liger, and Mikhail A. Bolshov. "Data Processing Algorithm for Diagnostics of Combustion Using Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometry." Applied Spectroscopy 72, no. 2 (October 24, 2017): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702817732252.
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A new algorithm for the evaluation of the integral line intensity for inferring the correct value for the temperature of a hot zone in the diagnostic of combustion by absorption spectroscopy with diode lasers is proposed. The algorithm is based not on the fitting of the baseline (BL) but on the expansion of the experimental and simulated spectra in a series of orthogonal polynomials, subtracting of the first three components of the expansion from both the experimental and simulated spectra, and fitting the spectra thus modified. The algorithm is tested in the numerical experiment by the simulation of the absorption spectra using a spectroscopic database, the addition of white noise, and the parabolic BL. Such constructed absorption spectra are treated as experimental in further calculations. The theoretical absorption spectra were simulated with the parameters (temperature, total pressure, concentration of water vapor) close to the parameters used for simulation of the experimental data. Then, spectra were expanded in the series of orthogonal polynomials and first components were subtracted from both spectra. The value of the correct integral line intensities and hence the correct temperature evaluation were obtained by fitting of the thus modified experimental and simulated spectra. The dependence of the mean and standard deviation of the evaluation of the integral line intensity on the linewidth and the number of subtracted components (first two or three) were examined. The proposed algorithm provides a correct estimation of temperature with standard deviation better than 60 K (for T = 1000 K) for the line half-width up to 0.6 cm−1. The proposed algorithm allows for obtaining the parameters of a hot zone without the fitting of usually unknown BL.
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Zacharenko, A. A., M. A. Belyaev, A. A. Trushin, D. A. Zaytcev, R. V. Kursenko, V. V. Sidorov, G. Y. Yukina, E. G. Sukhorukova, and A. A. Svechkova. "Combined assessment of intestinal viability using laser doppler flowmetry and laser fluorescence spectroscopy." Regional blood circulation and microcirculation 20, no. 2 (June 13, 2021): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1682-6655-2021-20-2-70-76.
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Introduction. The development of an objective non-invasive method for intraoperative assessment of intestinal viability remains urgent for modern surgery. In this context, the method of laser fluorescence spectroscopy (LFS) of coenzymes of oxidative metabolism, as well as a combination of this technique with the simultaneous use of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) seems promising. Materials and methods. The model of ischemia-reperfusion of the small intestine of 4 Californian Rabbits was used to study the relationship of the parameters of LFS and LDF with the histological picture. A model of intraoperative ischemia was used by temporarily clamping the trunk of the cranial mesenteric vascular bundle for 90 min, followed by intraoperative and postoperative reperfusion for 60 minutes and 24 hours, respectively. LDF and LFS data were recorded from intestine at the end of the intraoperative reperfusion period. 24 hours after the surgery, the animals were subjected to histologic evaluation of intestine ischemic changes, which were compared with the LDF and LFS data. Diagnostic value of LDF and LFS, and their combination for intraoperative assessment of intestinal viability were analyzed. Results. A significant correlation was found between the parameters of LDF, LFS and the degree of ischemic changes according to the histological data. The method of isolated assessment of the difference in the fluorescence of reduced nicotin adenine dinucleotide (NADH) before and after ischemia-reperfusion (77.3 %) has the greatest diagnostic value. The method has the highest sensitivity with a combination of differences in LDF and LFS values before and after ischemia-reperfusion (85.7 %) (P<0.05). Conclusions. LFS, as well as its combination with LDF, is a useful method for objective assessment of intestinal viability, which requires further research and has potential for clinical use.
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Chagovets, Timofej, Stanislav Stanček, Lorenzo Giuffrida, Andriy Velyhan, Maksym Tryus, Filip Grepl, Valeriia Istokskaia, et al. "Automation of Target Delivery and Diagnostic Systems for High Repetition Rate Laser-Plasma Acceleration." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 1680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041680.
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Fast solid target delivery and plasma-ion detection systems have been designed and developed to be used in high intensity laser-matter interaction experiments. We report on recent progress in the development and testing of automated systems to refresh solid targets at a high repetition rate during high peak power laser operation (>1 Hz), along with ion diagnostics and corresponding data collection and real-time analysis methods implemented for future use in a plasma-based ion acceleration beamline for multidisciplinary user applications.
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Lewander, M., S. Lindberg, T. Svensson, R. Siemund, K. Svanberg, and S. Svanberg. "Non-invasive diagnostics of the maxillary and frontal sinuses based on diode laser gas spectroscopy." Rhinology journal 50, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino10.231.
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Problem: Suspected, but objectively absent, rhinosinusitis constitutes a major cause of visits to the doctor, high health care costs, and the over-prescription of antibiotics, contributing to the serious problem of resistant bacteria. This situation is largely due to a lack of reliable and widely applicable diagnostic methods. Method: A novel method for the diagnosis of rhinosinusitis based on non-intrusive diode laser gas spectroscopy is presented. The technique is based on light absorption by free gas (oxygen and water vapour) inside the sinuses, and has the potential to be a complementary diagnostic tool in primary health care. The method was evaluated on 40 patients with suspected sinus problems, referred to the diagnostic radiology clinic for low-dose computed tomography (CT), which was used as the reference technique. Main results: The data obtained with the new laser-based method correlated well with the grading of opacification and ventilation using CT. The sensitivity and specificity were estimated to be 93% and 61%, respectively, for the maxillary sinuses, and 94% and 86%, respectively, for the frontal sinuses. Good reproducibility was shown. Principal conclusion: The laser-based technique presents real-time clinical data that correlate well to CT findings, while being non-intrusive and avoiding the use of ionizing radiation.
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Suchocki, Czesław. "Comparison of Time-of-Flight and Phase-Shift TLS Intensity Data for the Diagnostics Measurements of Buildings." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 12, 2020): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020353.
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In recent years, the terrestrial laser scanning system (TLS) has become one of the most popular remote and nondestructive testing (NDT) methods for diagnostic measurements of buildings and structures as well as for the assessment of architectural heritage. Apart from 3D coordinates, the power of a laser beam backscattered from the scanned object can be captured by TLS. The radiometric information of the point cloud, called “intensity”, can provide information about changes in the physio–chemical properties of the scanned surface. This intensity can be effectively used to detect defects in the surfaces of walls, such as cracks and cavities, moisture, biodeterioration (mosses and lichens) or weathered parts of the wall. Manufacturers of TLS mainly use two different principles for distance measurement, time-of-flight (TOF) and phase-shift (PS). The power of energy in both types of rangefinders might be absorbed or reflected in a slightly different way and provide more or less detailed radiometric point cloud information. The main aim of this investigation is to compare TOF and PS scanners in the context of using TLS intensity data for the diagnostics of buildings and other structures. The potential of TLS intensity data for detecting defects in building walls has been tested on multiple samples by two TOF (Riegl VZ400i, Leica ScanStation C10) and two PS (Z + F 5016 IMAGER, Faro Focus3D) scanners.
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Курченко, Андрей. "MALDI MASS SPECTROMETRY - IN THE ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN MICROBIOTA. CURRENT STATE AND PERSPECTIVES." Immunology and Allergy: Science and Practice, no. 2 (July 29, 2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37321/immunology.2020.02-02.
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Mass spectrometry is a modern physicochemical method of analysis that allows for a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the composition of a substancebased on the preliminary ionization of its constituent atoms or molecules. One of the new methods of ionization, thanks to which the mass spectrometric study of macromolecules has become widespread, is matrix-activated laser desorption / ionization (MALDI), which is a pulsed laser irradiation of the substance under study mixed with a matrix.Тhe article presents modern data on the use of the MALDI mass- spectrometry method for conducting genus and species-specific identification of microorganisms in the practice of diagnostic laboratories. The advantages of MALDI-TOF identification in comparison with other methods of microbiota research are considered.The place of mass spectrometry in the system of laboratory diagnostics of various pathogens is indicated.
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Dimitrijević, Milan S., and Sylvie Sahal-Bréchot. "Stark broadened line profiles of neutral strontium lines in plasma conditions." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 180 (1997): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900130402.
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During more than twenty years, we are making a continuous effort to provide Stark-broadening parameters needed for research of astrophysical, laboratory and laser produced plasma. A review of our results is presented in Dimitrijević, 1996). Such data are of interest for the consideration of a number of problems in astrophysics, physics and technology as e.g. for stellar plasma diagnostic, opacity calculations, the investigation/modelling of stellar spectra or a particular line, laboratory plasma diagnostic, laser produced plasmas, thermonuclear research, plasma technology, as well as for different examinations of regularities and systematic trends for e.g. homologous atoms (Dimitrijević and Popović, 1989) or in general (Purić et al. 1991).
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Castellini, Paolo, and Gian Marco Revel. "An Experimental Technique for Structural Diagnostic Based on Laser Vibrometry and Neural Networks." Shock and Vibration 7, no. 6 (2000): 381–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/891975.
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In recent years damage detection techniques based on vibration data have been largely investigated with promising results for many applications. In particular, several attempts have been made to determine which kind of data should be extracted for damage monitoring.In this work Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry (SLDV) has been used to detect, localise and characterise defects in mechanical structures. After dedicated post-processing, a neural network has been employed to classify LDV data with the aim of automating the detection procedure.In order to demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed technique, a simple case study (an aluminium plate) has been approached using both Finite Element simulations and experimental investigations. The proposed methodology was then applied for the detection of damages on real cases, as composite material panels. In addition, the versatility of the approach was demonstrated by analysing a Byzantine icon, which can be considered as a singular kind of composite structure.The presented methodology has proved to be efficient to automatically recognise defects and also to determine their depth in composite materials. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the diagnostic procedure supplied correct results for the three investigated cases using the same neural network, which was trained with the samples generated by the Finite Element model of the aluminium plate. This represents an important result in order to simplify and shorten the procedure for the training set preparation, which often constitutes the main problem for the application of neural networks on real cases or in industrial environments.
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Nedanovska, E., G. Nersisyan, C. L. S. Lewis, and D. Riley. "Investigation of magnesium laser ablated plumes with Thomson scattering." Laser and Particle Beams 30, no. 2 (March 9, 2012): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034612000018.
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AbstractOptical Thomson scattering has been implemented as a diagnostic of laser ablated plumes generated with second harmonic Nd:YAG laser radiation at 532 nm. Thomson scattering data with both spatial and temporal resolution has been collected, giving both electron density, and temperature distributions within the plume as a function of time. Although the spatial profiles do not match very well for simple models assuming either isothermal or isentropic expansion, consideration of the measured ablated mass indicates an isothermal expansion fits better than an isentropic expansion and indeed, at late time, the spatial profile of temperature is almost consistent with an isothermal approximation.
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Tereshhenko, A. V., I. G. Trifanenkova, M. S. Tereshhenkova, Yu A. Yudina, S. V. Isaev, P. L. Volodin, N. N. Yudina, et al. "The Evolution of Ophthalmological Healthcare System in Premature Children." Ophthalmology in Russia 15, no. 2S (July 28, 2018): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2018-2s-9-17.
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The purposeis to analyze the stages of ophthalmological healthcare system’s evolution in premature children on the basis of Kaluga branch of FGAU «MNTK “Eye Microsurgery” named after acad. S.N. Fedorov».Methods. In 2003, on the basis of Kaluga branch of MNTK “Eye Microsurgery” the system of ophthalmological care for premature children had been created. The specialists of children’s ophthalmologic department of the branch had started regular field screening examinations of premature infants from risk group of ROP in neonatal care unit in 4 regions of the Central Federal district. In parallel, new diagnostic methods and technologies of laser and surgical treatment of active PH stages had been actively developed and introduced.Results. From 2003 to 2018 approaches for detection, diagnostics and treatment of ROP had been evolved substantially. At the initial stage, there were no uniform data about the optimal timing for early detection of active stages ROP, and quantitative markers of ROP progression were not determined. The effective management and treatment algorithms for the patients with active ROP had not been implemented yet. To the date vast experience had accumulated: more than 15 thousand infants with ROP risk had been screened, more than 750 on-site examinations in the neonatal care units and perinatal centers had been performed. High-tech methods of diagnostics, laser and surgical treatment of ROP had been developed and are actively used now. Multicenter clinical studies evaluating the possibilities of anti-VEGF therapy for active ROP have being performed. Over 3000 laser and more than 1.300 surgical operations for different stages of ROP had been performed.Conclusion. Many-years experience of ophthalmological healthcare system in premature children functioning have demonstrated its consistency and effectiveness. The system includes interrelated stages, providing continuity between the perinatal centers and specialized ophthalmic institution, with complying the common approaches to early screening and diagnostic monitoring, including through telemedicine, as well as technologies of laser and surgical treatment of ROP.
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Efremov, V. P., A. A. Frolov, E. M. Dianov, I. A. Bufetov, and V. E. Fortov. "Dynamics of Laser-Induced Shock Wave in Silica/ Dynamika Laserowa Indukowana W Fali Uderzeniowej W Krzemionce." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 1599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0271.
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Abstract The study of detonation-like mode of laser induced damage propagation was considered. Velocity of this propagation is two orders of magnitude faster than known published data on burning fiber glass. The condition of optical fiber and enough long laser pulse let us obtain laser induced damage propagation passing near hundred own core diameters during pulse. The using as target the core of silica-based optical fiber has some diagnostic advantages. It allows spatially splits “start” and “stop” points and to supply the same form of energy deposition in every cross section of optical fiber. Tested regime demonstrates near constant velocities during 250 ns in the range of laser intensity 2-4.5 GW/cm2.
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Spitsyn, A. N., D. V. Utkin, V. E. Kuklev, S. A. Portenko, V. G. Germanchuk, and N. A. Osina. "Application of MALDI Mass-Spectrometry for Diagnostics of Particularly Dangerous Infectious Diseases: Current State of Affairs and Prospects." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 3 (September 20, 2014): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2014-3-77-82.
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Mass spectrometry is a modern physical-chemical analytical method that provides for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the substance composition. It is based on pre-ionization of the atoms and molecules included into it. One of the advanced methods of ionization, due to which mass-spectrometry investigation of macromolecules has become a frequent practice, is matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). The essence of it is the pulsed laser irradiation of the matter under study, mixed with the matrix. The review discusses current data on MALDI mass-spectrometry application for the performance of species-specific and genus-specific identification of microorganisms at the premises of diagnostic laboratories. Considered are the basic advantages of MALDI-TOF identification as compared to bacteriologic, immunologic, and molecular-genetic methods of assessment. Allocated is the mass-spectrometry position in the system of laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases, including particularly dangerous ones, in the territory of the Russian Federation.
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Kapor, Svetlana, Mila Janjic Rankovic, Yegane Khazaei, Alexander Crispin, Ina Schüler, Felix Krause, Adrian Lussi, et al. "Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic methods for occlusal surface caries." Clinical Oral Investigations 25, no. 8 (June 14, 2021): 4801–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04024-1.
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Abstract Aim This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of commonly used methods for occlusal caries diagnostics, such as visual examination (VE), bitewing radiography (BW) and laser fluorescence (LF), in relation to their ability to detect (dentin) caries under clinical and laboratory conditions. Materials and methods A systematic search of the literature was performed to identify studies meeting the inclusion criteria using the PIRDS concept (N = 1090). A risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was used for quality evaluation. Reports with low/moderate RoB, well-matching thresholds for index and reference tests and appropriate reporting were included in the meta-analysis (N = 37; 29 in vivo/8 in vitro). The pooled sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and areas under ROC curves (AUCs) were computed. Results SP ranged from 0.50 (fibre-optic transillumination/caries detection level) to 0.97 (conventional BW/dentine detection level) in vitro. AUCs were typically higher for BW or LF than for VE. The highest AUC of 0.89 was observed for VE at the 1/3 dentin caries detection level; SE (0.70) was registered to be higher than SP (0.47) for VE at the caries detection level in vivo. Conclusion The number of included studies was found to be low. This underlines the need for high-quality caries diagnostic studies that further provide data in relation to multiple caries thresholds. Clinical relevance VE, BW and LF provide acceptable measures for their diagnostic performance on occlusal surfaces, but the results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited data in many categories.
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Qiu, T. Q., and C. L. Tien. "Size Effects on Nonequilibrium Laser Heating of Metal Films." Journal of Heat Transfer 115, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911378.
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Picosecond and sub-picosecond lasers have become important tools in the fabrication and study of microstructures. When the laser pulse duration becomes comparable with or less than the characteristic time of energy exchange among microscopic energy carriers, the excited carriers are no longer in thermal equilibrium with the other carriers, creating a nonequilibrium heating situation. The presence of interfaces in metals provides additional scattering processes for electrons, which in turn affects the nonequilibrium heating process. This work studies size effects, due to both surface scattering and grain-boundary scattering, on the thermal conductivity and the energy exchange between electrons and the material lattice. A simple formula is established to predict the influence of film thickness, grain size, interface scattering parameters, and the electron and lattice temperatures on the effective thermal conductivity of metal thin films. Predictions of the analysis agree with the available experimental data. A three-energy-level model is developed to characterize the energy exchange between electrons and the lattice. This study shows that the size effect reduces the effective thermal conductivity and increases the electron-phonon energy exchange rate. The results are useful for improving processing quality, interpreting diagnostic results, and preventing thermal damage of thin films during short-pulse laser heating.
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Faenov, A. Ya, A. I. Magunov, T. A. Pikuz, I. Yu Skobelev, D. Giulietti, S. Betti, M. Galimberti, et al. "Non-adiabatic cluster expansion after ultrashort laser interaction." Laser and Particle Beams 26, no. 1 (March 2008): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034608000104.
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AbstractWe used X-ray spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for investigating the properties of laser-cluster interactions at the stage in which non-adiabatic cluster expansion takes place and a quasi-homogeneous plasma is produced. The experiment was carried out with a 10 TW, 65 fs Ti:Sa laser focused on CO2 cluster jets. The effect of different laser-pulse contrast ratios and cluster concentrations was investigated. The X-ray emission associated to the Rydberg transitions allowed us to retrieve, through the density and temperature of the emitting plasma, the time after the beginning of the interaction at which the emission occurred. The comparison of this value with the estimated time for the “homogeneous” plasma formation shows that the degree of adiabaticity depends on both the cluster concentration and the pulse contrast. Interferometric measurements support the X-ray data concerning the plasma electron density.
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Cao, L. F., I. Uschmann, F. Zamponi, T. Kämpfer, A. Fuhrmann, E. Förster, A. Höll, et al. "Space-time characterization of laser plasma interactions in the warm dense matter regime." Laser and Particle Beams 25, no. 2 (June 2007): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034607000067.
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Laser plasma interaction experiments have been performed using an fs Titanium Sapphire laser. Plasmas have been generated from planar PMMA targets using single laser pulses with 3.3 mJ pulse energy, 50 fs pulse duration at 800 nm wavelength. The electron density distributions of the plasmas in different delay times have been characterized by means of Nomarski Interferometry. Experimental data were compared with hydrodynamic simulation. First results to characterize the plasma density and temperature as a function of space and time are obtained. This work aims to generate plasmas in the warm dense matter (WDM) regime at near solid-density in an ultra-fast laser target interaction process. Plasmas under these conditions can serve as targets to develop X-ray Thomson scattering as a plasma diagnostic tool, e.g., using the Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) free-electron laser (FLASH) at Dentsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Hamburg.
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Khismatullina, Z. R., V. V. Chebotarev, Yu A. Zakirova, and A. A. Jashkina. "Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy in Cancer Diagnosis: Current Issues and Application Outlook." Creative surgery and oncology 11, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24060/2076-3093-2021-11-1-76-84.
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The review highlights the power and prospects of confocal laser scanning microscopy in cutaneous cancer diagnosis. This non-invasive technology allows optical skin sectioning at a varying depth with no special tissue treatment or staining. This diagnostic method is currently considered the most promising in imaging and assessment of superficial skin neoplasms. It enables a deeper investigation of skin structures at higher beam powers, which, however, implies possible skin damage. Recent technological advances in the field facilitated the development of new, portable, more practical personal confocal laser scanning microscopy devices providing for an efficient and deeper imaging of skin lesions less accessible otherwise. The technology enables a multiple repeated visualisation of the same skin spot at different time intervals for monitoring the neoplasm progression, therapy impact and cancer dynamics in skin. Numerous studies have determined the basic confocal properties of various tumoural lesions and showed a good correlation with dermatoscopy and histology data. This diagnostic technique allows a multiple non-damaging examination of same skin area, as well as the monitoring of tumourigenesis, clinical dynamics and treatment outcome.
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Vasilenko, I. A., V. B. Metelin, P. S. Ignat'ev, Z. Z. Kardashova, and R. A. Lifenko. "A dialogue with the cell: diagnostic real-time technology based on laser interferometry." Almanac of Clinical Medicine 46, no. 8 (December 31, 2018): 748–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2018-46-8-748-757.
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The paper presents a review of current techniques of the interference microscopy of living functioning cells that allow for assessment of the real-time changes of subcellular microstructures with 2D and 3D reconstructions of the images and multifactorial data analysis. It has been shown that new diagnostic information can be obtained within the research methodology of the so-called interactive dialogue with the cell to identify changes in the morphofunctional state of living cells through registration of their realtime response to environmental fluctuations. We describe physical basis of laser interferometry, problems and specifics of interpretation of cell phase pictures. As an illustration to the practical use of the technique in the clinic we present the results of studies on morphofunctional state of peripheral blood platelets in patients with oral malignancies (OM) and various stages of the tumor. Analysis of circulating platelets with a realtime technique of laser interferometry allowed for identification of compensated activation of the platelet compartment of hemostasis in these patients, as well as an association between the severity of cancer and changes of dimensional cell parameters (an increase of the mean diameter and area of circulating platelets by 23.4, 26.8 and 30.3%, and by 30.2, 32.5 and 38.1% in the patients with OM grades II, III and IV, respectively (p < 0,05 for all comparisons)). The necessary condition for a wider implementation of new diagnostic technologies is a critical evaluation of the efficacy of their use in routine practice, identification of their advantages, disadvantages and differences between current and proposed diagnostic platforms.
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Solodinina, E. N., N. V. Fomicheva, and D. N. Ulyanov. "Confocal laser endomicroscopy in the diagnosis of extrahepatic bile duct diseases." Annaly khirurgicheskoy gepatologii = Annals of HPB surgery 24, no. 1 (April 2, 2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.16931/1995-5464.2019111-16.
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Aim. To evaluate information content of confocal laser endomicroscopy with targeted biopsy in verifying etiology of extrahepatic bile duct strictures.Material and methods. There were 28 patients with extrahepatic bile duct strictures who underwent retrograde intervention with confocal laser endomicroscopy and targeted biopsy. Data of confocal laser endomicroscopy and biopsy were compared with final postoperative and histological diagnosis. Follow-up within 1–4 years after endoscopic treatment was also considered.Results. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of the method in differential diagnosis of common bile duct strictures were 91.7%, 93.7% and 92.8%, respectively. Complication (acute edematous pancreatitis) occurred in 1 (3.6%) case.Conclusion. Confocal laser endomicroscopy is new effective method for in vivo microscopic assessment of mucous membrane. Despite technical complexity, the method is not associated with advanced morbidity and, accordingly, has no additional contraindications in comparison with ERCP.
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Sulica, Lucian, and Alison Behrman. "Management of Benign Vocal Fold Lesions: A Survey of Current Opinion and Practice." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 112, no. 10 (October 2003): 827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940311201001.
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Empirical data are often not available to guide clinical practices in the treatment of benign mucosal lesions of the vocal folds. The purpose of this report is to describe opinions and practices in order to identify areas of consensus and discrepancy and thus guide future inquiry. A 16-item survey mailed to all active US members of the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (n = 7,321) included questions on the use of voice therapy; diagnostic testing; perioperative use of steroids, antibiotics, and antireflux medications; and use of lasers. Responses used a Likert 5-point scale with end anchors of 1 equaling “never” and 5 equaling “always” and were stratified according to lesion (nodules, polyps, cysts). A 16.5% response rate (n = 1,208) was obtained. A lack of consensus was most evident in the use of voice therapy for lesions other than nodules; antireflux medication; and intravenous steroids. Disagreement was also noted regarding the use of lasers, oral steroids, and antibiotics. Other than voice therapy as initial intervention for nodules, no statistically significant differences by lesion type exist regarding use of voice therapy, laser, or any medication. Prospective clinical trials addressing voice therapy, antireflux medications, steroids, and antibiotics are needed to inform clinical practice. Furthermore, treatment practices appear to be largely independent of lesion type. Therefore, traditional diagnostic categories do not seem to be useful guides to treatment, and may need to be reevaluated in light of improvements in diagnostic technology and surgical technique.
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Makovik, Irina N., Andrey V. Dunaev, Victor V. Dremin, Alexander I. Krupatkin, Viktor V. Sidorov, Lyudmila S. Khakhicheva, Vadim F. Muradyan, Olga V. Pilipenko, Ilya E. Rafailov, and Karina S. Litvinova. "Detection of angiospastic disorders in the microcirculatory bed using laser diagnostics technologies." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 11, no. 01 (November 20, 2017): 1750016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179354581750016x.
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The evaluation of the microcirculatory bed functional state and the identification of angiospastic disorders with related complications, when the pathological changes are reversible, have an important role in medical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using optical noninvasive methods and the cold pressor test to solve this problem.A total of 33 patients with rheumatological diseases and 32 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Laser Doppler flowmetry, tissue reflectance oximetry and pulse oximetry were used as optical noninvasive methods. The parameters were recorded before, immediately after and 20[Formula: see text]min after the cold pressor test. Based on the measured parameters, the complex parameters of the microcirculatory bed were calculated.A detailed statistical analysis of the parameter changes for each individual in the two groups displayed diverse microcirculatory bed parameter responses upon cold exposure, with differing recovery of parameters after CPT. New diagnostic criteria were proposed for the identification of angiospastic disorders. According to the proposed criteria, 27 people of the volunteers group were confirmed to not display any disorders. In the patient group, however, 18 people were observed to have a relatively normal functional state of the microcirculatory bed, while 15 people were observed to have a possible tendency to angiospasm. To highlight the differences between a relatively normal state and presence of angiospastic disorders, statistical analysis of experimental data was carried out, which revealed significant differences. Further analysis of data with angiospastic disorders identified a relationship between their diagnoses and the results of laboratory studies.Thus, the evaluation of combined noninvasive optical diagnostic method use, the cold pressor test and proposed diagnostic criteria showed a positive result. This approach can be used to detect the presence of possible angiospastic disorders and related complications, as well as microcirculatory bed disorders against the background of other diseases.
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Abdulameer, Mohammed R. "Estimation of electron temperature for SiO2 plasma induced by laser." Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP) 13, no. 28 (February 4, 2019): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v13i28.250.
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In this work; Silicon dioxide (SiO2) were fabricated by pulsedlaser ablation (PLA). The electron temperature was calculated byreading the data of I-V curve of Langmuir probe which wasemployed as a diagnostic technique for measuring plasma properties.Pulsed Nd:YA Glaser was used for measuring the electrontemperature of SiO2 plasma plume under vacuum environment withvarying both pressure and axial distance from the target surface. Theelectron temperature has been measured experimentally and theeffects of each of pressure and Langmuir probe distance from thetarget were studied. An inverse relationship between electrontemperature and both pressure and axial distance was observed.
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Fantoni, R., F. Bijnen, N. Djurić, and S. Piccirillo. "Cars Diagnostic on a Photochemical Reactor for IR Laser Induced Production of Si and Si3N4 Powders." Laser Chemistry 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/lc.11.13.
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In a flow reactor a low power (up to 50 W) CW CO2 laser tuned at 944,19 cm−1 has been focussed in order to produce Si and Si3N4 ultrafine powders from SiH4 and SiH4/NH3 mixtures.Among possible on-line optical diagnostics, two different CARS techniques have been used to monitor the excitation process and to measure average reaction temperatures in collinear geometry. In broad-band CARS at low resolution (≈6.0 cm−1) the reactant temperature is measured from the attenuation of the corresponding integrated peak intensity below and at the dissociation threshold. In narrow-band experiments the temperature reached by the dissociating reactants below and above the threshold is inferred from the spectral shape (measured with 0.2 cm−1 resolution) of the envelope of rovibrational CARS transitions involved.Results obtained at the threshold for SiH4 dissociation are in agreement with previous data on gas-phase pyrolysis in a thermal process. For the SiH4/NH3 reaction the difficulty in obtaining stoichiometric Si3N4 has been related to the cooling effect of large NH3 addition to the SiH4 warmed up in the laser absorption.
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Gaydina, T. A., A. S. Dvornikov, and P. A. Skripkina. "Case report: removal of a proliferating pilomatricoma with a CO2 laser." Bulletin of Russian State Medical University, no. 2019;6 (December 1, 2019): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24075/brsmu.2019.077.
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Tumors of the skin/skin adnexa are astonishingly diverse. The diagnostic algorithms for skin neoplasms includes history taking, the assessment of clinical data, dermoscopy and a histopathological examination. Literature descriptions of a histologically confirmed pilomatricoma are scarce. If the lesion is localized to an esthetically sensitive body area, it is important to minimize the postoperative cosmetic defect. In the case described below, we were able to achieve a positive esthetic outcome in a patient with a facial pilomatricoma sized < 2 cm2 using a СО2 laser.
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Lee, Hui-Na, Dah-You Yan, Chun-Yin Huang, Shih-Chieh Chen, Chin-Yun Pan, Jiiang-Huei Jeng, Yuk-Kwan Chen, and Fu-Hsiung Chuang. "Laser Doppler for Accurate Diagnosis of Oehler’s Type III Dens Invaginatus: A Case Report." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 3848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093848.
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In vital pulp therapy, pulp testing aids in the differential diagnosis and influences the treatment plan. Different from previous doppler flowmetry studies that only recorded waves and data, we report the first time, the use of a laser doppler blood flow monitor and imager with a colored image to present pulp vitality information in the dental field. We report here a case of Oehlers type IIIa dens invaginatus of the right upper lateral incisor in a 31-year-old girl, with the opening of the invagination near CDJ and a peri-invagination lesion sized 8 × 9 mm2. Cone beam computed tomography was used to verify specific spatial and stereoscopic data. After removing the source of infection, mineral trioxide aggregate was selected to fill the invagination. Laser doppler was scheduled for further assessment. After three years of regular follow-up, the patient’s clinical condition improved, the peri-invagination lesion healed, and the laser doppler and electric pulp test both showed a positive reaction. Laser doppler has successfully improved the diagnostic accuracy Thus, unnecessary interventions can be avoided while reducing the treatment time by preserving the vitality. However, further work is needed to resolve the limitations of laser doppler.
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Kalinin, A. A., A. K. Okoneshnikova, Yu Ya Pestryakov, V. V. Shepelev, and V. A. Byvaltsev. "Development of an algorithm for the clinical and instrumental diagnosis of non-compression lumbar pain syndromes to optimize the use of puncture surgical techniques." Innovative medicine of Kuban, no. 4 (November 22, 2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35401/2500-0268-2020-20-4-27-34.
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Background. Pain syndromes developing as a result of degeneration of the lumbar segments of the spine constitute a significant problem in modern vertebrology. The results of the application of preoperative diagnostic provocative tests are contradictory, and therefore the mixed effectiveness of puncture surgical techniques is recorded.Objective. To develop an algorithm for the clinical and instrumental diagnosis of non-compression lumbar pain syndromes to optimize the use of puncture surgical techniques.Material and Methods. The study included 923 patients who underwent provocative diagnostic techniques on the intervertebral disk (IVD) and the arched joints (AJ) between 2012 and 2017. Taking into account clinical and instrumental data, the following are made: in group I (n=246) – laser IVD nucleoplasty, in group II (n = 287) – laser denervation of FJ, in group III (n = 390) – simultaneous use of laser exposure to IVD and AJ. We analyzed the dynamics of the level of pain in the lumbar spine and lower extremities according to The Visual Analogue Scale and quality of life according to The Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire.Results. When performing provocative diagnostic tests, the minimum number of adverse effects was recorded: 3.2% in group I, 2.4% in group II, and 2.1% in group III. After puncture methods of surgical treatment, a significant persistent decrease in the severity of preoperative pain was observed both in the lumbar spine (p = 0.002, p = 0.005 and p = 0.004, respectively) and in the lower extremities (p = 0.003, p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively) A significant improvement in the physical and psychological components of health was also established in group I (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively), in group II (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively) and group III (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively).Conclusion. In the presence of neuroimaging parameters of IVD according to C. Pfirrmann III–IV and protrusion size 4–6 mm, minimal degenerative changes in the AJ according to A. Fujiwara I–II and D. Weishaupt I–II, as well as a positive disruption test, it is possible to perform laser nucleoplasty. In case of detection of neuroimaging data of IVD according to C. Pfirrmann I–II and protrusion size less than 4 mm, moderately pronounced degenerative changes in the AJ according to A. Fujiwara II–III and D. Weishaupt II–III, as well as positive paraarticular stimulation of AJ, laser denervation of AJ is recommended. When determining, according to neuroimaging data, moderate degenerative changes in IVD according to C. Pfirrmann over III and protrusion size 4–6 mm, as well as degeneration of AJ according to A. Fujiwara more than II and D. Weishaupt more than II, positive of samples and paraarticular stimulation of AJ, it is advisable to perform simultaneous surgical intervention in the volume of laser IVD nucleoplasty and laser denervation of AJ.
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Eldem, Bora, Sengul Ozdek, Ali Osman Saatci, Emin Ozmert, Esat Ulay, and Gulsah Nomak. "Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Macular Edema in Turkey: A Real-Life Registry Study—TURK-DEM." Journal of Ophthalmology 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3596817.
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Purpose. To evaluate the clinical and diagnostic characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed diabetic macular edema (DME) in Turkey in a real-life setting. Methods. A total of 945 consecutive patients (mean (SD) age: 61.3 (9.9) years, 55.2% male) with newly diagnosed DME were included. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, ocular history, ophthalmic examination findings including type of DME, central macular thickness (CMT) via time domain (TD) and spectral domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT), and planned treatments were recorded. Results. OCT (98.8%) and fundoscopy (92.9%) were the two most common diagnostic methods. Diffuse and focal DMEs were detected in 39.2% and 36.9% of cases, respectively. Laser photocoagulation (32.1%) and antivascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF; 31.8%) were the most commonly planned treatments. The median CMT in the right eye was significantly greater in untreated than in treated patients [376.5 μm (range: 160–840) versus 342 μm (range: 146–999) (p=0.002)] and in the left eye [370 μm (range: 201–780) versus 329 μm (range: 148–999) (p<0.001)]. Conclusions. This study is the first large-scale real-life registry of DME patients in Turkey. SD-OCT and fundoscopy were the most common diagnostic methods. Laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF therapy were the most common treatments.
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Ивашкин, В. Т., С. Г. Касоев, and Е. В. Степанов. "Анализ изотопического состава выдыхаемого воздуха методами диодной лазерной спектроскопии в районе 2 μm для диагностики Helicobacter pylori-ассоциированных заболеваний-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-." Журнал технической физики 126, no. 6 (2019): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.06.47774.55-19.
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Spectral analysis of 13СО2/12СО2 isotope ratio in exhaled air based on tunable diode laser spec-troscopy was applied for diagnostics of digestive organ diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Special spectrophotometer based on tunable diode laser was developed for the analysis of breath isotope content. Spectral range near 2.05 microns where the rotational-vibration R-branch of the 20013-00001 band of 12CO2 interferes with the P-branch of the 20012-00001 band of 13CO2 was used. The 13C-Urea Breath Test (13C-UDT) was used for the H. pylori infection diagnostic in gastrointestinal tract of 309 tested persons. The results of the isotope breath test were compared with the data of morphological analysis of gastric and duodenal mu-cosa obtained by fibrogastroduodenoscopia. For the first time the total value of the histology analysis results for biopsy material taken in the stomach body, in the distal part of stomach and in the duodenum was proposed to be used for the comparative analysis with 13C-UBT data. A relationship of 13C-UBT data with age, nosology, activity and severity of inflammation process, atrophy degree, and type of eradication therapy was analyzed. Distribution of 13C-UBT data ob-tained before and after therapy was demonstrated to reflect epidemiology of gastroduodenal dis-eases, H.pylori infection incidence, specifics of gastrointestinal tract colonization by H.pylori, parameters of inflammation process, as well as therapy effectiveness and peculiarity of the in-fection restoration at failed eradication therapy.
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Tchernev, Georgi. "Sexually transmitted papillomavirus infections: epidemiology pathogenesis, clinic, morphology, important differential diagnostic aspects, current diagnostic and treatment options." Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 84, no. 4 (August 2009): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0365-05962009000400009.
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The family of human papilloma viruses (HPV) comprises more than 100 genotypes. Approximately 30 of the genotypes are responsible for infections in the human anogenital area. A precisely defined algorithm with the goal of diagnosing and removing HPV for a prolonged or indefinite length of time, as well as to protect the patient from any malignant ransformation, does not currently exist. The identification of HPV strains by PCR or DNA hybridization in lesional tissue provides higher security for the patients. In high-risk patients additional colposcopy, rectoscopy, and rethroscopy/cystoscopy increase the probability of proper diagnosis and the application of a reliable therapeutic strategy. Removal of lesions by means of invasive methods, such as electrodessication, cryosurgery, and/or laser therapy, may be successful and could be combined pre- and postoperatively with the local application of podophyllotoxin, Trichloroacetic acid, 5-fluorouracil epinephrine gel, imiquimod, cidofovir or interferon. The administration of vaccine to young patients prevents to a significant extent the clinical manifestation of the most frequent viral strains, being HPV-6,-11 and -18. The different therapeutic methods must be applied in accordance with the clinical picture, taking into account the patient's general status, the presence of concomitant diseases, as well as the local and systematic compatibility of the side effects of each remedy. The review focuses on the diagnosis and treatment options of sexually transmitted HPV-infections and includes synopsis of the most recent literature regarding new data of epidemiology, pathogenesis, ifferential diagnosis and morphology of HPV infections in humans.
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SHAN, YUSHENG, NAIYAN WANG, JINGLONG MA, WEIYI MA, DAWEI YANG, KUN GONG, XIUZHANG TANG, XIAOJUN WANG, XINGDONG JANG, and YEZHENG TAO. "A six-beam high-power KrF excimer laser system with energy of 100 J/23 ns." Laser and Particle Beams 20, no. 1 (January 2002): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034602201184.
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A six-beam multiplexing master-oscillator-power-amplifier (MOPA) high power KrF excimer laser system has been built at CIAE for fundamental research on laser–plasma interaction. The MOPA system consists of front-end, two-stage KrF amplifiers (preamplifier and main amplifier) pumped by two-side electron beams, an optical angular multiplexing system, a synchronization trigger system, and a controlling-data acquisition system and some diagnostic systems. The total energy of the six-beam output from main amplifier on the target is 100 J/23 ns, the divergence of one beam is 0.2 mrad, the focal spot diameter is 220 μm, and the focal intensity on the target is 1013 W/cm2.
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Gus'kov, S. Yu, N. N. Demchenko, A. Kasperczuk, T. Pisarczyk, Z. Kalinowska, T. Chodukowski, O. Renner, et al. "Laser-driven ablation through fast electrons in PALS-experiment at the laser radiation intensity of 1–50 PW/cm2." Laser and Particle Beams 32, no. 1 (January 10, 2014): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034613000992.
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AbstractThe paper is directed to the study of high-temperature plasma and ablation plasma formation as well as efficiency of the laser energy transfer to solid targets irradiated by laser pulses with intensities of 1–50 PW/cm2 and duration of 200–300 ps, i.e., at conditions corresponding to the characteristics of the laser spike designed to generate the igniting shock wave in the shock ignition concept. The experiments have been performed at Prague Asterix Laser System. The iodine laser delivered 250 ps (full width at half maximum) pulses with the energy in the range of 100–600 J at the first (λ1 = 1.315 µm) and third (λ3 = 0.438 µm) harmonic frequencies. The focal spot radius of the laser beam on the surface of Al or Cu targets made was gradually decreased from 160 to 40 µm. The diagnostic data collected using three-frame interferometry, X-ray spectroscopy, and crater replica technique were interpreted by two-dimensional numerical and analytical modeling which included generation and transport of fast electrons. The coupling parameter Iλ2 was varied in the range of 1 × 1014−8 × 1016 Wμm2/cm2 covering the regimes of weak to intense fast electron generation. The dominant contribution of fast electron energy transfer into the ablation process and shock wave generation was found when using the first harmonic laser radiation, the focal spot radius of 40–100 µm, and the laser energy of 300–600 J.
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Matsumoto, Toshihide, Yusuke Kawashima, Ryo Nagashio, Taihei Kageyama, Yoshio Kodera, Shi-Xu Jiang, Isao Okayasu, Toru Kameya, and Yuichi Sato. "A New Possible Lung Cancer Marker: VGF Detection from the Conditioned Medium of Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma–Derived Cells using Secretome Analysis." International Journal of Biological Markers 24, no. 4 (October 2009): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460080902400411.
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The prognosis of malignant neuroendocrine tumors of the lung is known to be very poor. Aiming to identify new markers of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors in early stages and also differential diagnostic markers between large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell lung cancer, we comprehensively analyzed peptides which were secreted into conditioned medium by LCN1, a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma cell line. Specific peaks in conditioned medium but not in used medium alone were detected using matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Two peptide fragments of 40 and 19 amino acid residues were identified by matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. These two fragments were demonstrated to be parts of VGF nerve growth factor inducible (VGF), which is usually expressed in nerve cells or neuroendocrine cells. RT-PCR analysis of lung cancer cell lines showed that VGF mRNA was expressed only in neuroendocrine carcinoma–derived cells. Our data suggest that VGF can be used as a novel serological diagnostic marker of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.
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LIMPOUCH, J., O. KLIMO, V. BÍNA, and S. KAWATA. "Numerical studies on the ultrashort pulse K-α emission sources based on femtosecond laser–target interactions." Laser and Particle Beams 22, no. 2 (June 2004): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034604222091.
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K-α emission is an intense short-pulse line source well suited for X-ray diagnostic techniques with subpicosecond and micrometer resolution. Numerical simulations are performed here in a search for laser–target interaction regimes where both high efficiency of laser energy transformation to X-ray emission and ultrashort X-ray pulses are achieved. We use the one-dimensional PIC code for the description of the laser interaction with the plasma layer at the target surface. Fast electron transport into the target is treated by our newly developed Monte Carlo code with temporal resolution that is described here in detail. Our simulations reveal extremely short ∼200 fs FWHM bright K-α X-ray pulses emitted from targets heated by 120-fs pulses of a table-top laser. Laser energy conversion efficiency to K-α line emission as high as 6 × 10−5 is noticed. Integration of the emitted energy over the focal spot is carried out to improve the simulation accord with published experimental data. Negligible impact of self-induced electric fields on K-α emission is found for conducting target materials at moderate laser intensities [lsim ]1017 W/cm2.
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Kozan, Nataliia, Ivan Savka, Viktor Kryvetskyi, and Igor Oliynyk. "Laser-Induced Spectral-Selective Autofluorescent Microscopy as a Prospective Method of Research in Biomedicine." Galician Medical Journal 27, no. 4 (December 26, 2020): E202048. http://dx.doi.org/10.21802/gmj.2020.4.8.
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In modern medical diagnostics, optical methods of studying living tissues have become widespread and are collectively called "optical biopsy". One such method is autofluorescence microscopy, which provides additional information about the structural and functional features of the sample. In this paper, an analysis of existing data was performed on the properties of autofluorescence of cells and tissues to evaluate the available instrumental systems and methods for monitoring autofluorescence and the potential for its application in the biomedical field.
Over the past few years, advanced optical-electronic methods have become available to detect various pathological conditions of tissues and environments of the human body by evaluating signals emitted by endogenous fluorophores. Because these molecules are often involved in basic biological processes, they are important parameters for checking the condition of cells and tissues. In our opinion, analytical methods based on autofluorescence monitoring have great potential in both research and diagnosis, and interest in the use of these new analytical tools is constantly growing. Methods based on autofluorescence can give more information about the object under study with relatively lower costs and less diagnostic error.
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Irimiciuc, Stefan Andrei, Florin Enescu, Andrei Agop, and Maricel Agop. "Lorenz Type Behaviors in the Dynamics of Laser Produced Plasma." Symmetry 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2019): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11091135.
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An innovative theoretical model is developed on the backbone of a classical Lorenz system. A mathematical representation of a differential Lorenz system is transposed into a fractal space and reduced to an integral form. In such a conjecture, the Lorenz variables will operate simultaneously on two manifolds, generating two transformation groups, one corresponding to the space coordinates transformation and another one to the scale resolution transformation. Since these groups are isomorphs various types isometries become functional. The Lorenz system was further adapted to describe the dynamics of ejected particles as a result of laser matter interaction in a fractal paradigm. The simulations were focused on the dynamics of charged particles, and showcase the presence of current oscillations, a heterogenous velocity distribution and multi-structuring at different interaction scales. The theoretical predictions were compared with the experimental data acquired with noninvasive diagnostic techniques. The experimental data confirm the multi-structure scenario and the oscillatory behavior predicted by the mathematical model.
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Mendrok, Krzysztof, Jarosław Bednarz, and Tadeusz Uhl. "Applicaton of Modal Filtration for Damage Detection of Rotating Shaft." Key Engineering Materials 413-414 (June 2009): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.413-414.373.
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The paper describes a modification of the method which uses the modal filtration for damage detection [11] to make it suitable for rotating machinery. Authors have formulated a diagnostic procedure which is based on the output only data measured during object operation. The measurement can be performed both by accelerometers placed on the shaft bearing cages and directly on the shaft with use of the laser vibrometer. The procedure was verified on the experimental data. For the experimental verification authors have used the laboratory stand which allows simulation of different faults.