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Journal articles on the topic 'Laser driven proton acceleration'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

McKenna, Paul, Filip Lindau, Olle Lundh, David Neely, Anders Persson, and Claes-Göran Wahlström. "High-intensity laser-driven proton acceleration: influence of pulse contrast." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1840 (January 25, 2006): 711–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1733.

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Proton acceleration from the interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with thin foil targets at intensities greater than 10 18 W cm −2 is discussed. An overview of the physical processes giving rise to the generation of protons with multi-MeV energies, in well defined beams with excellent spatial quality, is presented. Specifically, the discussion centres on the influence of laser pulse contrast on the spatial and energy distributions of accelerated proton beams. Results from an ongoing experimental investigation of proton acceleration using the 10 Hz multi-terawatt Ti : sapphire laser (35 fs, 35 TW) at the Lund Laser Centre are discussed. It is demonstrated that a window of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) conditions exist, for which the direction of proton emission is sensitive to the ASE-pedestal preceding the peak of the laser pulse, and that by significantly improving the temporal contrast, using plasma mirrors, efficient proton acceleration is observed from target foils with thickness less than 50 nm.

2

Sharma, Ashutosh, and Alexander Andreev. "Effective laser driven proton acceleration from near critical density hydrogen plasma." Laser and Particle Beams 34, no. 2 (February 15, 2016): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034616000045.

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AbstractRecent advances in the production of high repetition, high power, and short laser pulse have enabled the generation of high-energy proton beam, required for technology and other medical applications. Here we demonstrate the effective laser driven proton acceleration from near-critical density hydrogen plasma by employing the short and intense laser pulse through three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. The generation of strong magnetic field is demonstrated by numerical results and scaled with the plasma density and the electric field of laser. 3D PIC simulation results show the ring shaped proton density distribution where the protons are accelerated along the laser axis with fairly low divergence accompanied by off-axis beam of ring-like shape.

3

NISHIUCHI, Mamiko. "Laser-Driven Proton Acceleration and Beam-Transport." Review of Laser Engineering 40, no. 11 (2012): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.40.11_833.

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4

Aurand, Bastian, Esin Aktan, Kerstin Maria Schwind, Rajendra Prasad, Mirela Cerchez, Toma Toncian, and Oswald Willi. "A laser-driven droplet source for plasma physics applications." Laser and Particle Beams 38, no. 4 (September 11, 2020): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034620000282.

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AbstractIn this paper, we report on the acceleration of protons and oxygen ions from tens of micrometer large water droplets by a high-intensity laser in the range of 1020 W/cm2. Proton energies of up to 6 MeV were obtained from a hybrid acceleration regime between classical Coulomb explosion and shocks. Besides the known thermal energy spectrum, a collective acceleration of oxygen ions of different charge states is observed. 3D PIC simulations and analytical models are employed to support the experiential findings and reveal the potential for further applications and studies.

5

Borghesi, M., T. Toncian, J. Fuchs, C. A. Cecchetti, L. Romagnani, S. Kar, K. Quinn, et al. "Laser-driven proton acceleration and applications: Recent results." European Physical Journal Special Topics 175, no. 1 (August 2009): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2009-01125-4.

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6

Aurand, B., M. Hansson, L. Senje, K. Svensson, A. Persson, D. Neely, O. Lundh, and C. G. Wahlström. "A setup for studies of laser-driven proton acceleration at the Lund Laser Centre." Laser and Particle Beams 33, no. 1 (December 19, 2014): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034614000779.

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AbstractWe report on a setup for the investigation of proton acceleration in the regime of target normal sheath acceleration. The main interest here is to focus on stable laser beam parameters as well as a reliable target setup and diagnostics in order to do extensive and systematic studies on the acceleration mechanism. A motorized target alignment system in combination with large target mounts allows for up to 340 shots with high repetition rate without breaking the vacuum. This performance is used to conduct experiments with a split mirror setup exploring the effect of spatial and temporal separation between the pulses on the acceleration mechanism and on the resulting proton beam.

7

Joshi, Chan, Wei Lu, and Zhengming Sheng. "Progress in laser acceleration of particles." Journal of Plasma Physics 78, no. 4 (August 2012): 321–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377812000669.

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Laser acceleration of particles is currently a very active area of research in Plasma Physics, with an emphasis on acceleration of electrons and ions using short but intense laser pulses. In this special issue we access the current status of this field by inviting leading researchers all over the world to contribute their original works here. Many of these results were first presented at the recent Laser-Particle Acceleration Workshop (LPAW 2011) held in Wuzhen, China in June 2011. In addition to the laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) of electrons (Tzoufras et al.) and laser acceleration of ions (Tsung et al.), there were exciting new proposals for a proton-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (Xia et al.) and for a dielectric-structure-based two-beam accelerator (Gai et al.) presented at this workshop, and we are very pleased to have the authors' contributions on these included here.

8

BADZIAK, J., S. GŁOWACZ, H. HORA, S. JABŁOŃSKI, and J. WOŁOWSKI. "Studies on laser-driven generation of fast high-density plasma blocks for fast ignition." Laser and Particle Beams 24, no. 2 (June 2006): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034606060368.

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The properties of plasma (proton) block driven by the laser-induced skin-layer ponderomotive acceleration (S-LPA) mechanism are discussed. It is shown that the proton density of the plasma block is about a thousand times higher than that of the proton beam produced by the target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) mechanism. Such a high-density plasma (proton) block can be considered as a fast ignitor of fusion targets. The estimates show that using the S-LPA driven plasma block, the ignition threshold for precompressed DT fuel can be reached at the ps laser energy ≤ 100 kJ.

9

CHEN, D. P., Y. YIN, Z. Y. GE, H. XU, H. B. ZHUO, Y. Y. MA, F. Q. SHAO, and C. L. TIAN. "Collimation of laser-driven energetic protons in a capillary." Journal of Plasma Physics 78, no. 4 (January 6, 2012): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377811000614.

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AbstractEnergetic divergent proton beams can be generated in the interaction of ultra-intense laser pulses with solid-density foil targets via target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA). In this paper, a scheme using a capillary to reduce the proton beam divergence is proposed. By two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, it is shown that strong transverse electric and magnetic fields rapidly grow at the inner surface of the capillary when the laser-driven hot electrons propagate through the target and into the capillary. The spontaneous magnetic field collimates the electron flow, and the ions dragged from the capillary wall by hot electrons neutralize the negative charge and thus restrain the transverse extension of the sheath field set up by electrons. The proton beam divergence, which is mainly determined by the accelerating sheath field, is therefore reduced by the transverse limitation of the sheath field in the capillary.

10

Sharma, A., Z. Tibai, and J. Hebling. "Intense tera-hertz laser driven proton acceleration in plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 23, no. 6 (June 2016): 063111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4953803.

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11

Borghesi, M., A. Bigongiari, S. Kar, A. Macchi, L. Romagnani, P. Audebert, J. Fuchs, et al. "Laser-driven proton acceleration: source optimization and radiographic applications." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 50, no. 12 (November 5, 2008): 124040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/50/12/124040.

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12

Dalui, Malay, M. Kundu, Sheroy Tata, Amit D. Lad, J. Jha, Krishanu Ray, and M. Krishnamurthy. "Novel target design for enhanced laser driven proton acceleration." AIP Advances 7, no. 9 (September 2017): 095018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4993704.

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13

He, Yangfan, Xiaofeng Xi, Shilun Guo, Bing Guo, Changye He, Fulong Liu, Xiaofei Lan, et al. "Calibration of CR-39 solid state track detectors with monoenergetic protons from 0.3 MeV to 2.5 MeV." EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 07006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023907006.

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The 2H(d,p)3H reaction is one of the most crucial reactions in the Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). It is of particular interest to investigate this kind of reactions in plasma environments, generated by high intensity lasers, which are similar to real astrophysical conditions. We have experimentally investigated the 2H(d,p)3H reaction using laser-driven counter-streaming collisionless plasmas at the Shenguang-II laser facility. CR-39 track detectors are widely employed as the main diagnostics in such experiments and laser-driven ion acceleration. In this work, we performed calibration of CR-39 track detectors with monoenergetic protons from the tandem accelerator, and then presented their track diameters for proton energies ranging from 300 keV to 2.5 MeV and for etching times between 4 and 28 hours. In addition, we recommended the optimal etching time at the typical etching conditions, which will be very useful for the following massive data analysis from the CR-39 detectors.

14

BRAMBRINK, ERIK, MARKUS ROTH, ABEL BLAZEVIC, and THEODOR SCHLEGEL. "Modeling of the electrostatic sheath shape on the rear target surface in short-pulse laser-driven proton acceleration." Laser and Particle Beams 24, no. 1 (March 2006): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460606023x.

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Proton beams, generated in the interaction process of short ultra-intense laser pulses with thin foils, carry imprints of rear side target structures. These intensity patterns, imaged with a particle detector, sometimes show slight deformations. We propose an analytical model to describe these deformations by the spatial shape of a monoenergetic layer of protons in the beginning of free proton propagation. We also present results of simulations, which reproduce the detected structures and allow finally making quantitative conclusions on the shape of the layer. In experiments with electrically conducting targets, the shape is always close to a parabolic one independently on target thickness or laser parameters. Since the protons are pulled by the free electrons, there must be a strong correlation to the electron space charge distribution on the rear side of the illuminated foil. Simulations demonstrate that the deformations in the detected patterns of the proton layers are very sensitive to the initial layer shape. Analyzing spatial structures of the generated proton beams we can indirectly conclude on electron transport phenomena in the overdense part of the target.

15

Sahai, Aakash A., Toshiki Tajima, and Vladimir D. Shiltsev. "Schemes of laser muon acceleration: Ultra-short, micron-scale beams." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 34 (December 10, 2019): 1943008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19430085.

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Experimentally accessible schemes of laser muon ([Formula: see text]) acceleration are introduced and modeled using a novel technique of controlled laser-driven post-processing of cascade showers (or pair plasmas). The proposed schemes use propagating structures in plasma, driven as wakefields of femtosecond-scale high-intensity laser, to capture particles of divergent cascade shower of: (a) hadronic type from proton-nucleon or photo-production reactions or, (b) electromagnetic type. Apart from the direct trapping and acceleration of particles of a raw shower in laser-driven plasma, a conditioning stage is proposed to selectively focus only one of the charge states. Not only is the high gradient that is sustained by laser-driven plasma structures well suited for rapid acceleration to extend the lifetime of short-lived muons but their inherent spatiotemporal scales also make possible production of unprecedented ultrashort, micron-scale muon beams. Compact laser muon acceleration schemes hold the promise to open up new avenues for applications.

16

Li Yong, 李勇, 洪伟 Hong Wei, 吴玉迟 Wu Yuchi, 朱斌 Zhu Bin, 何颖玲 He Yingling, 赵宗清 Zhao Zongqing, 胡峰 Hu Feng, et al. "Experimental study of laser-driven proton acceleration with ultrathin targets." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 22, no. 5 (2010): 1001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20102205.1001.

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17

Yang, Y. C., C. T. Zhou, T. W. Huang, M. Q. He, S. Z. Wu, T. X. Cai, B. Qiao, M. Y. Yu, S. C. Ruan, and X. T. He. "Manipulating laser-driven proton acceleration with tailored target density profile." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 62, no. 8 (July 6, 2020): 085008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ab97f3.

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18

Robson, L., P. T. Simpson, R. J. Clarke, K. W. D. Ledingham, F. Lindau, O. Lundh, T. McCanny, et al. "Scaling of proton acceleration driven by petawatt-laser–plasma interactions." Nature Physics 3, no. 1 (December 10, 2006): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys476.

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19

Barberio, M., M. Scisciò, S. Veltri, and P. Antici. "Fabrication of nanostructured targets for improved laser-driven proton acceleration." Superlattices and Microstructures 95 (July 2016): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2016.04.023.

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20

Floquet, V., O. Klimo, J. Psikal, A. Velyhan, J. Limpouch, J. Proska, F. Novotny, et al. "Micro-sphere layered targets efficiency in laser driven proton acceleration." Journal of Applied Physics 114, no. 8 (August 28, 2013): 083305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4819239.

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21

Yogo, A., H. Daido, S. V. Bulanov, T. Z. Esirkepov, K. Nemoto, Y. Oishi, T. Nayuki, et al. "Laser-driven proton acceleration from a near-critical density target." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 112, no. 4 (May 1, 2008): 042034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/112/4/042034.

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22

Burza, M., A. Gonoskov, G. Genoud, A. Persson, K. Svensson, M. Quinn, P. McKenna, M. Marklund, and C.-G. Wahlström. "Hollow microspheres as targets for staged laser-driven proton acceleration." New Journal of Physics 13, no. 1 (January 21, 2011): 013030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/13/1/013030.

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23

Jinno, S., M. Kanasaki, M. Uno, R. Matsui, M. Uesaka, Y. Kishimoto, and Y. Fukuda. "Micron-size hydrogen cluster target for laser-driven proton acceleration." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 60, no. 4 (March 8, 2018): 044021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/aaafa8.

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24

Kondo, Kotaro, Mamiko Nishiuchi, Hironao Sakaki, Nicholas P. Dover, Hazel F. Lowe, Takumi Miyahara, Yukinobu Watanabe, et al. "High-Intensity Laser-Driven Oxygen Source from CW Laser-Heated Titanium Tape Targets." Crystals 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2020): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090837.

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The interaction of high-intensity laser pulses with solid targets can be used as a highly charged, energetic heavy ion source. Normally, intrinsic contaminants on the target surface suppress the performance of heavy ion acceleration from a high-intensity laser–target interaction, resulting in preferential proton acceleration. Here, we demonstrate that CW laser heating of 5 µm titanium tape targets can remove contaminant hydrocarbons in order to expose a thin oxide layer on the metal surface, ideal for the generation of energetic oxygen beams. This is demonstrated by irradiating the heated targets with a PW class high-power laser at an intensity of 5 × 1021 W/cm2, showing enhanced acceleration of oxygen ions with a non-thermal-like distribution. Our new scheme using a CW laser-heated Ti tape target is promising for use as a moderate repetition energetic oxygen ion source for future applications.

25

Souri, S., R. Amrollahi, and R. Sadighi-Bonabi. "Laser-driven proton acceleration enhancement by the optimized intense short laser pulse shape." Physics of Plasmas 24, no. 5 (May 2017): 053108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4982611.

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26

Fourmaux, S., S. Buffechoux, B. Albertazzi, D. Capelli, A. Lévy, S. Gnedyuk, L. Lecherbourg, et al. "Investigation of laser-driven proton acceleration using ultra-short, ultra-intense laser pulses." Physics of Plasmas 20, no. 1 (January 2013): 013110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4789748.

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27

Schnürer, M., A. A. Andreev, S. Steinke, T. Sokollik, T. Paasch-Colberg, P. V. Nickles, A. Henig, et al. "Comparison of femtosecond laser-driven proton acceleration using nanometer and micrometer thick target foils." Laser and Particle Beams 29, no. 4 (December 2011): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034611000553.

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AbstractAdvancement of ion acceleration by intense laser pulses is studied with ultra-thin nanometer-thick diamond like carbon and micrometer-thick Titanium target foils. Both investigations aim at optimizing the electron density distribution which is the key for efficient laser driven ion acceleration. While recently found maximum ion energies achieved with ultra-thin foils mark record values micrometer thick foils are flexible in terms of atomic constituents. Electron recirculation is one prerequisite for the validity of a very simple model that can approximate the dependence of ion energies of nanometer-thick targets when all electrons of the irradiated target area interact coherently with the laser pulse and Coherent Acceleration of Ions by Laser pulses (CAIL) becomes dominant. Complementary experiments, an analytical model and particle in cell computer simulations show, that with regard to ultra-short laser pulses (duration ~45 fs at intensities up to 5 × 1019 W/cm2) and a micrometer-thick target foil with higher atomic number a close to linear increase of ion energies manifests in a certain range of laser intensities.

28

Nishiuchi, M., H. Sakaki, T. Hori, K. Ogura, A. Yogo, A. S. Pirozhkov, A. Sagisaka, et al. "Toward laser driven proton medical accelerator." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 244, no. 2 (August 1, 2010): 022051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/244/2/022051.

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29

Terranova, F., S. V. Bulanov, T. Esirkepov, P. Migliozzi, F. Pegoraro, and T. Tajima. "Multi-GeV laser driven proton acceleration in the high current regime." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 155, no. 1 (May 2006): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.02.084.

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30

Borghesi, Marco, Carlo Alberto Cecchetti, Toma Toncian, Julien Fuchs, Lorenzo Romagnani, Satyabrata Kar, P. A. Wilson, et al. "Laser-Driven Proton Beams: Acceleration Mechanism, Beam Optimization, and Radiographic Applications." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 36, no. 4 (August 2008): 1833–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2008.927142.

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31

Torrisi, L., M. Cutroneo, S. Cavallaro, L. Giuffrida, L. Andò, P. Cirrone, G. Bertuccio, et al. "Proton driven acceleration by intense laser pulses irradiating thin hydrogenated targets." Applied Surface Science 272 (May 2013): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.03.091.

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32

Domański, Jarosław, Jan Badziak, and Sławomir Jabłoński. "Numerical simulations of generation of high-energy ion beams driven by a petawatt femtosecond laser." Nukleonika 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nuka-2015-0044.

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Abstract This contribution presents results of a Particle-in-Cell simulation of ion beam acceleration via the interaction of a petawatt 25 fs laser pulse of high intensity (up to ~1021 W/cm2) with thin hydrocarbon (CH) and erbium hydride (ErH3) targets of equal areal mass density (of 0.6 g/m2). A special attention is paid to the effect that the laser pulse polarization and the material composition of the target have on the maximum ion energies and the number of high energy (>10 MeV) protons. It is shown that both the mean and the maximum ion energies are higher for the linear polarization than for the circular one. A comparison of the maximum proton energies and the total number of protons generated from the CH and ErH3 targets using a linearly polarized beam is presented. For the ErH3 targets the maximum proton energies are higher and they reach 50 MeV for the laser pulse intensity of 1021 W/cm2. The number of protons with energies higher than 10 MeV is an order of magnitude higher for the ErH3 targets than that for the CH targets.

33

SAGISAKA, AKITO, HIDEO NAGATOMO, HIROYUKI DAIDO, ALEXANDER S. PIROZHKOV, KOICHI OGURA, SATOSHI ORIMO, MICHIAKI MORI, MAMIKO NISHIUCHI, AKIFUMI YOGO, and MASATAKA KADO. "Experimental and computational characterization of hydrodynamic expansion of a preformed plasma from thin-foil target for laser-driven proton acceleration." Journal of Plasma Physics 75, no. 5 (October 2009): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377809990043.

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AbstractWe characterize the electron density distributions of preformed plasma for laser-accelerated proton generation. The preformed plasma of a titanium target 3 μm thick is generated by prepulse and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of a high-intensity Ti:sapphire laser and is measured with an interferometer using a second harmonic probe beam. High-energy protons are obtained by reducing the size of the preformed plasma by changing the ASE duration before main pulse at the front side (laser incidence side) of the target. Simulation results with two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic code are close to the experimental results for low-density region ~4 × 1019 cm−3 at the front side. In the high-density region near to the target surface, the interferometry underestimates the density due to the substantial refraction. The characterization of hydrodynamic expansion with the interferometer and simulation is a useful tool for investigation of high-energy proton generation.

34

Bingham, Robert. "Basic concepts in plasma accelerators." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1840 (February 2006): 559–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1722.

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In this article, we present the underlying physics and the present status of high gradient and high-energy plasma accelerators. With the development of compact short pulse high-brightness lasers and electron and positron beams, new areas of studies for laser/particle beam–matter interactions is opening up. A number of methods are being pursued vigorously to achieve ultra-high-acceleration gradients. These include the plasma beat wave accelerator (PBWA) mechanism which uses conventional long pulse (∼100 ps) modest intensity lasers ( I ∼10 14 –10 16 W cm −2 ), the laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) which uses the new breed of compact high-brightness lasers (<1 ps) and intensities >10 18 W cm −2 , self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator (SMLWFA) concept which combines elements of stimulated Raman forward scattering (SRFS) and electron acceleration by nonlinear plasma waves excited by relativistic electron and positron bunches the plasma wakefield accelerator. In the ultra-high intensity regime, laser/particle beam–plasma interactions are highly nonlinear and relativistic, leading to new phenomenon such as the plasma wakefield excitation for particle acceleration, relativistic self-focusing and guiding of laser beams, high-harmonic generation, acceleration of electrons, positrons, protons and photons. Fields greater than 1 GV cm −1 have been generated with monoenergetic particle beams accelerated to about 100 MeV in millimetre distances recorded. Plasma wakefields driven by both electron and positron beams at the Stanford linear accelerator centre (SLAC) facility have accelerated the tail of the beams.

35

Englbrecht, Franz, Felix Balling, Thomas Federico Rösch, Matthias Würl, Florian Hans Lindner, Katia Parodi, and Jörg Schreiber. "Characterization of online high dynamic range imaging for laser-driven ion beam diagnostics using visible light." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 3, no. 2 (September 7, 2017): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2017-0070.

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AbstractLaser-driven acceleration of particle beams is an emerging modality under research for biomedical applications. The spatially resolved diagnostics of laser-accelerated proton bunches is crucial for their application. The RadEye detector, featuring up to 10 cm x 5 cm area of online complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) detector made of 48 μm pixels, is established for x-ray, proton and ion beam diagnostics. We exploit the usually undesired ‘Image lag’ phenomenon of incomplete pixel reset to generate 2D-images with a larger dynamic range than the single frame range of 12-bit. Using 532 nm laser pulses and computer simulations for single-slit diffraction, calibration factors to stack multiple readouts were successfully derived to quantitatively reconstruct spatial information about an optical beam and hence extend the dynamic range of the detector compared to a single frame. The final goal is focus quantification for a permanent magnet quadrupole system for protons and terawatt (TW-class) laser focus diagnostics.

36

SAGISAKA, Akito. "UV Harmonic Generation and Laser-Driven Proton Acceleration from Thin-Foil Target." Review of Laser Engineering 46, no. 3 (2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.46.3_148.

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37

Sinigardi, Stefano, Giorgio Turchetti, Francesco Rossi, Pasquale Londrillo, Dario Giove, Carlo De Martinis, and Paul R. Bolton. "High quality proton beams from hybrid integrated laser-driven ion acceleration systems." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 740 (March 2014): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.10.080.

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38

Ragozin, Eugene N., Alexander S. Pirozhkov, Akifumi Yogo, Jinglong Ma, Koichi Ogura, Satoshi Orimo, Akito Sagisaka, et al. "Extreme ultraviolet diagnostics of preformed plasma in laser-driven proton acceleration experiments." Review of Scientific Instruments 77, no. 12 (December 2006): 123302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2405391.

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39

Dollar, F., S. A. Reed, T. Matsuoka, S. S. Bulanov, V. Chvykov, G. Kalintchenko, C. McGuffey, et al. "High-intensity laser-driven proton acceleration enhancement from hydrogen containing ultrathin targets." Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 14 (September 30, 2013): 141117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4824361.

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40

Borghesi, M., G. Sarri, C. A. Cecchetti, I. Kourakis, D. Hoarty, R. M. Stevenson, S. James, et al. "Progress in proton radiography for diagnosis of ICF-relevant plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 28, no. 2 (June 2010): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034610000170.

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Abstract:

AbstractProton radiography using laser-driven sources has been developed as a diagnostic since the beginning of the decade, and applied successfully to a range of experimental situations. Multi-MeV protons driven from thin foils via the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration mechanism, offer, under optimal conditions, the possibility of probing laser-plasma interactions, and detecting electric and magnetic fields as well as plasma density gradients with ~ps temporal resolution and ~ 5–10 µm spatial resolution. In view of these advantages, the use of proton radiography as a diagnostic in experiments of relevance to Inertial Confinement Fusion is currently considered in the main fusion laboratories. This paper will discuss recent advances in the application of laser-driven radiography to experiments of relevance to Inertial Confinement Fusion. In particular we will discuss radiography of hohlraum and gasbag targets following the interaction of intense ns pulses. These experiments were carried out at the HELEN laser facility at AWE (UK), and proved the suitability of this diagnostic for studying, with unprecedented detail, laser-plasma interaction mechanisms of high relevance to Inertial Confinement Fusion. Non-linear solitary structures of relevance to space physics, namely phase space electron holes, have also been highlighted by the measurements. These measurements are discussed and compared to existing models.

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Tajima, Toshiki, Dietrich Habs, and Xueqing Yan. "Laser Acceleration of Ions for Radiation Therapy." Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 02, no. 01 (January 2009): 201–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793626809000296.

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Ion beam therapy for cancer has proven to be a successful clinical approach, affording as good a cure as surgery and a higher quality of life. However, the ion beam therapy installation is large and expensive, limiting its availability for public benefit. One of the hurdles is to make the accelerator more compact on the basis of conventional technology. Laser acceleration of ions represents a rapidly developing young field. The prevailing acceleration mechanism (known as target normal sheath acceleration, TNSA), however, shows severe limitations in some key elements. We now witness that a new regime of coherent acceleration of ions by laser (CAIL) has been studied to overcome many of these problems and accelerate protons and carbon ions to high energies with higher efficiencies. Emerging scaling laws indicate possible realization of an ion therapy facility with compact, cost-efficient lasers. Furthermore, dense particle bunches may allow the use of much higher collective fields, reducing the size of beam transport and dump systems. Though ultimate realization of a laser-driven medical facility may take many years, the field is developing fast with many conceptual innovations and technical progress.

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Wu, Fengjuan, Weimin Zhou, Lianqiang Shan, Zongqing Zhao, Jinqing Yu, Bo Zhang, Yonghong Yan, Zhimeng Zhang, and Yuqiu Gu. "Effect of inside diameter of tip on proton beam produced by intense laser pulse on double-layer cone targets." Laser and Particle Beams 31, no. 1 (February 22, 2013): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034612000997.

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AbstractThe laser-driven acceleration of proton beams from a double-layer cone target, comprised of a cone shaped high-Z material target with a low density proton layer, is investigated via two-dimensional fully relativistic electro-magnetic particle-in-cell simulations. The dependence of the inside diameter (ID) of the tip size of a double-layer cone target on proton beam characteristics is demonstrated. Our results show that the peak energy of proton beams significantly increases and the divergence angle decreases with decreasing ID size. This can be explained by the combined effects of a stronger laser field that is focused inside the cone target and a larger laser interaction area by reducing the ID size.

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Picciotto, Antonino, Daniele Margarone, Michele Crivellari, Pierluigi Bellutti, Sabrina Colpo, Lorenzo Torrisi, Josef Krasa, Andriy Velhyan, and Jiri Ullschmied. "Microfabrication of Silicon Hydrogenated Thin Targets for Multi-MeV Laser-Driven Proton Acceleration." Applied Physics Express 4, no. 12 (November 16, 2011): 126401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/apex.4.126401.

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Betti, S., C. A. Cecchetti, E. Förster, A. Gamucci, A. Giulietti, D. Giulietti, T. Kämpfer, et al. "On the effect of rear-surface dielectric coatings on laser-driven proton acceleration." Physics of Plasmas 16, no. 10 (October 2009): 100701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3251425.

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Gu, Y. J., Z. Zhu, X. F. Li, Q. Yu, S. Huang, F. Zhang, Q. Kong, and S. Kawata. "Stable long range proton acceleration driven by intense laser pulse with underdense plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 21, no. 6 (June 2014): 063104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4882437.

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Lu, Jianxin, Xiaofei Lan, Leijian Wang, Xiaofeng Xi, Yongsheng Huang, Xiuzhang Tang, and Naiyan Wang. "Proton Acceleration Driven by High-Intensity Ultraviolet Laser Interaction with a Gold Foil." Plasma Science and Technology 15, no. 9 (September 2013): 863–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/15/9/05.

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Wang, Jingwei, Masakatsu Murakami, Han Xu, Jingjing Ju, and Wei Yu. "Enhanced laser-driven proton acceleration from a relativistically transparent transversely nano-striped target." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 57, no. 11 (October 6, 2015): 115009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/57/11/115009.

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Wing, M. "Particle physics experiments based on the AWAKE acceleration scheme." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2151 (June 24, 2019): 20180185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0185.

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New particle acceleration schemes open up exciting opportunities, potentially providing more compact or higher-energy accelerators. The AWAKE experiment at CERN is currently taking data to establish the method of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. A second phase aims to demonstrate that bunches of about 10 9 electrons can be accelerated to high energy, preserving emittance and that the process is scalable with length. With this, an electron beam of O (50 GeV) could be available for new fixed-target or beam-dump experiments searching for the hidden sector, like dark photons. The rate of electrons on target could be increased by a factor of more than 1000 compared to that currently available, leading to a corresponding increase in sensitivity to new physics. Such a beam could also be brought into collision with a high-power laser and thereby probe the completely unmeasured region of strong fields at values of the Schwinger critical field. An ultimate goal is to produce an electron beam of O (3 TeV) and collide with an Large Hadron Collider proton beam. This very high-energy electron–proton collider would probe a new regime in which the structure of matter is completely unknown. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration’.

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Sedov, M. V., A. Ya Faenov, A. A. Andreev, I. Yu Skobelev, S. N. Ryazantsev, T. A. Pikuz, P. Durey, et al. "Features of the generation of fast particles from microstructured targets irradiated by high intensity, picosecond laser pulses." Laser and Particle Beams 37, no. 2 (April 23, 2019): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034619000351.

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AbstractThe use of targets with surface structures for laser-driven particle acceleration has potential to significantly boost the particle and radiation energies because of enhanced laser absorption. We investigate, via experiment and particle-in-cell simulations, the impact of micron-scale surface-structured targets on the spectrum of electrons and protons accelerated by a picosecond laser pulse at relativistic intensity. Our results show that, compared with flat-surfaced targets, structures on this scale give rise to a significant enhancement in particle and radiation emission over a wide range of laser–target interaction parameters. This is due to the longer plasma scale length when using micro-structures on the target front surface. We do not observe an increase in the proton cutoff energy with our microstructured targets, and this is due to the large volume of the relief.

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Lu, Jianxin, Xiaofei Lan, Xiaofeng Xi, Haifeng Zhang, Ji Zhang, Leijian Wang, Xiuzhang Tang, and Naiyan Wang. "Effect of Foil Target Thickness in Proton Acceleration Driven by an Ultra-Short Laser." Plasma Science and Technology 17, no. 6 (May 27, 2015): 458–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/17/6/04.

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