Relevant bibliographies by topics / Laser line measurement

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Laser line measurement'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Laser line measurement"

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Matsushita, Akihiko, Takafumi Morishita, Shun’ichi Kaneko, Hitoshi Ohfuji, and Kaoru Fukuda. "Image Detection of Seam Line for Laser Welding Robot." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 23, no. 6 (2011): 919–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2011.p0919.

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Automating robot laser welding requires that laser irradiation direction and laser focus positioning influencing welding strength be controlled precisely along the seam line. Since the edge of the welded object can be transformed in processing by such as cutting, bending and grinding, direct measurement is necessary to detect the seam line. A robust image detection method of seam lines is proposed for hand-eye laser welding system equipped with an optical microscope, a CMOS camera and two slit lasers for measurement. The seam line is detected indirectly to utilize the difference between local and global distribution of image of measurement lasers. Results of experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposal.
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Wen, Xin, Sheng Lin Yang, and Guang Li. "On-Line Measurement of Fiber Diameters along Spinning Line." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.394.

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A laser sensor based equipment was assembled for on-line measuring the fiber diameters during the polymer spinning. The analog signals come from laser sensor were detected by using a data acquisition instrument and transferred into digital ones, which were processed in time with Labview. In a typical experiment, the diameters of polypropylene fibers were tested under different spinning speed by means of that pre-calibrated on-line measurement equipment, and the testing results were compared with those obtained from the numerical simulation of spinning dynamics. It has been found the on-line diameter measurement could promise high-speed, highly reliable and flexible testing.
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Yu, Le Wen, Da Zhang, and Yuan Sheng Zhang. "Three-Dimensional Measurement System Based on Line Laser." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.32.

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This paper puts forward a three-dimensional measurement system based on line laser, describing its operating principle. Extracted the light stripes center by image processing technology, and establishing mathematical model, detecting the depth information by the method of laser triangulation, and reconstructed the three-dimensional form of object. The experimental results indicate that measurement accuracy less than ±0.03mm when the measurement range between 0mm to 10mm.
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Rzeznik, Tom. "In‐line laser measurement in the assembly process." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 24, no. 1 (1997): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439919710162610.

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Abe, Go, Masatoshi Aritoshi, Tomoki Tomita, and Keiichi Shirase. "Development of On-Machine Measurement System Utilizing Line Laser Displacement Sensor." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 5 (2011): 708–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0708.

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Demand for precision machining of dies and molds with complex shapes has been increasing. Though high performance CNC machine tools are widely utilized for precision machining, machining error compensation is still necessary to meet accuracy requirements. For precision measurement, a workpiece must usually be unloaded from a CNC machine tool. Then, the workpiece is measured by a precision measurement device, such as 3D CMM. After the machining error is clarified according to the measurements taken, the workpiece must be re-clamped for the necessary error compensation machining. This error compensation machining is costly and time consuming, and it requires a highly skilled machinists. The re-clamping of the workpiece also causes positioning errors. Therefore, demands for on-machinemeasurement have been increasing. In this paper, an on-machine measurement device that consists of a line laser displacement sensor is developed. This measurement device, attached to the spindle head of a machine tool with magnetic clamps, has special features, such as noncontact, multi-point, high-speed measurement capabilities. Additionally, a sequential multi-point method, an extension of the two-point method, is applied for shape measurement accuracy.
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Sun, Shangqu, Liping Li, Jing Wang, Shuguang Song, Peng He, and Zhongdong Fang. "Reconstruction and Measurement of Irregular Karst Caves Using BLST along the Shield Metro Line." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2020): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010392.

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This study investigated the application of the borehole laser scanning technology (BLST) method in the detection of both dry and water-filled karst caves. In order to solve the problem of excessive laser attenuation during the detection, we designed a test for the characteristics of multiwavelength laser attenuation in water-filled karst caves and studied the influence exerted by various factors, including different wavelengths, different laser power levels, different suspended media, and effect of turbidity on the attenuation coefficient. During the test, we discovered the existence of a “blue-green window” with low turbidity and a “near infrared window” with high turbidity in karst cave water environments. Based on the general survey results of drilling and comprehensive geophysical prospecting, a quantitative method using targeted drilling was proposed to detect the spatial morphology of karst caves in complex environments. We also investigated the effects of complex environmental factors such as suspended media and high turbidity on the laser detection distance and accuracy in karst caves, and established a quantitative matching model of laser wavelengths, laser power, and complex environmental parameters. Based on this, we obtained the best acquisition mode for detecting lasers in different karst development environments. A high-precision, three-dimensional visualized model of a real karst cave was established to quantitatively obtain the characteristic parameters, such as accurate position, three-dimensional shape, space volume, and cave filling type, which was applied to the detection of karst caves along the Jinan subway line.
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MAGUNOV, A. I., A. YA FAENOV, I. YU SKOBELEV, et al. "X-ray spectra of fast ions generated from clusters by ultrashort laser pulses." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 1 (2003): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034603211149.

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The high precision X-ray spectroscopy studies of plasma created from the CO2 clusters in gas jet targets by the ultrashort laser pulses (35 and 60 fs duration) were performed at the intensities IL ∼ 1017–1018 W cm−2. The spectral line shape of the H-like and He-like oxygen ions gains an asymmetry with increasing the laser pulse intensity. Theoretical modeling of the line shape shows that the asymmetry can be explained by absorption of the Doppler-shifted line radiation from the essential fraction of ions (over 10−3) with energies above 1 MeV due to photoionization of inner shells of carbon ions. The results obtained demonstrate measurement capabilities of the X-ray spectral measurements of multicharged ions accelerated during the interaction with a laser radiation.
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Cuesta, E., S. Giganto, B. J. Alvarez, J. Barreiro, S. Martínez-Pellitero, and V. Meana. "Laser line scanner aptitude for the measurement of Selective Laser Melting parts." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 138 (March 2021): 106406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106406.

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Matsushita, Akihiko, Masahiro Yamanaka, Shun'ichi Kaneko, Hitoshi Ohfuji, and Kaoru Fukuda. "Basic Image Measurement for Laser Welding Robot Motion Control." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 2 (2009): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0136.

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Laser welding, provides high-density energy, is easy to control, and is low in heat input but deep in depth, enabling it to be used for small-area precision welding. However, Automating welding using robots has been considered, but laser welding requires accurate alignment and direction of irradiation because of its capability of sensitive welding. In this paper, basic image measurement method is proposed for Hand-Eye Laser Welding System equipped with an optical microscope and a CMOS camera, as follows. 1) A core line detection method of a slit laser image that has robustness against variation of observation direction and speckle patterns is proposed. 2) The parameter identification method of laser planes utilizing the core line detection method is proposed for measurement. 3) It is derived measurement equations of the position and the posture of the metal plate from geometric consideration utilizing the identified parameters and the core line detection.
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Nakagawa, Tatsuya, Norio Tsuda, and Jun Yamada. "On-line Measurement of Chaos Laser Radar using FPGA." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 125, no. 12 (2005): 1824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.125.1824.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Laser line measurement"

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Powell, Rock Allen. "On-line depth measurement of micro-scale laser drilled holes." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Powell_09007dcc806b6dfc.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009.<br>Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed August 14, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 16-17).
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Pejchang, Darawan. "Measurement of nanoparticles by digital in-line holography." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES052.

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Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode pour mesurer la taille et la forme de nanoparticules en utilisant l'holographie numérique dans l’axe en association un processus photo-thermique d’échauffement induit par laser. Une suspension de nanoparticules en très faible concentration et en milieu dilué dans une goutte d’eau, est chauffée par un laser impulsionnel. Une bulle de vapeur d’eau, stable, entourant la nanoparticule secondaire à l’échauffement est créée. La transposition de taille de l’échelle nanométrique à l’échelle micrométrique est alors obtenue. Ce processus photo-thermique est utilisé pour relier la taille de la bulle à la taille de la nanoparticule. On obtient les relations fonctionnelles entre le rapport d'aspect et le volume de la bulle et ceux de la nanoparticule. Ces fonctions dépendent des caractéristiques de l'impulsion laser, de la température initiale de la nanoparticule et l’indice optique de l'eau et sont également spécifiques à la matière et à la forme de la nanoparticule. Une nanoparticule sphérique de TiO2 est utilisée dans cette démonstration. Le diamètre mesuré expérimentalement est en bon accord avec le diamètre moyen de l'échantillon. Cela signifie que la mesure indirecte utilisant la bulle de vapeur d’eau obtenue par cavitation autour de la nanoparticule peut être considéré comme efficace pour obtenir la taille d'une nanoparticule<br>In this thesis we study and develop a new methodology to measure the size and shape of individual nanoparticles by using digital in-line holography (DIH) microscopy in association with a photothermal process. Due to the limited resolution of the direct DIH technique at the nanoscale, an indirect measurement is treated. Instead of recording the hologram of a nanoparticle directly, the nanoparticle suspension is suddenly heated by a powerful pulse laser. Then a vapor bubble cavitation surrounding the nanoparticle is formed in order to increase the object size from the DIH point of view. The photothermal process is used to link the size of the bubble to the size of the nanoparticle. We obtain the functional relations between the aspect ratio and volume of the bubble and those of the nanoparticle from this process. These functions are dependent on the characteristics of the laser pulse, the initial temperature of the nanoparticle and the water medium, and are also specific to the material and shape of the nanoparticle. A spherical nanoparticle of TiO2 is used in this demonstration. The measured diameter is in good agreement with the average diameter of the sample. This means that the indirect measurement employing the cavitation vapor bubble around the nanoparticle can be considered as efficient to obtain the size of a nanoparticle. This technique has the ability to take into account the shape (ellipticity) of the bubble
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Gaynullin, Bakhram. "LASER-TESTING RIG : Measurement System for evaluation of Shape of concentrating reflector for solar collector Absolicon X10." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energi och miljöteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4645.

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This Thesis project is a part of the all-round automation of production of concentrating solar PV/T systems Absolicon X10. ABSOLICON Solar Concentrator AB has been invented and started production of the prospective solar concentrated system Absolicon X10. The aims of this Thesis project are designing, assembling, calibrating and putting in operation the automatic measurement system intended to evaluate the shape of concentrating parabolic reflectors.On the basis of the requirements of the company administration and needs of real production process the operation conditions for the Laser testing rig were formulated. The basic concept to use laser radiation was defined.At the first step, the complex design of the whole system was made and division on the parts was defined. After the preliminary conducted simulations the function and operation conditions of the all parts were formulated.At the next steps, the detailed design of all the parts was conducted. Most components were ordered from respective companies. Some of the mechanical components were made in the workshop of the company. All parts of the Laser-testing rig were assembled and tested. Software part, which controls the Laser-testing rig work, was created on the LabVIEW basis. To tune and test software part the special simulator was designed and assembled.When all parts were assembled in the complete system, the Laser-testing rig was tested, calibrated and tuned.In the workshop of Absolicon AB, the trial measurements were conducted and Laser-testing rig was installed in the production line at the plant in Soleftea.
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Burns, Iain Stewart. "A sensor for combustion thermometry based on blue diode lasers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/244070.

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Spatially-resolved measurements of flame temperature have been demonstrated with diode lasers for the first time. The technique is based on the use of blue diode lasers to perform laser-induced fluorescence on indium atoms seeded to the flame. Temperature measurements have been carried out in laminar flames both by the two-line atomic fluorescence technique, and also by a novel line-shape thermometry method that requires the use of only a single diode laser. The first part of this work involved the development of blue extended cavity diode lasers with favourable tuning properties. Two custom-designed extended cavity diode lasers (ECDL) have been built, emitting at wavelengths of around 410 nm and 451 nm respectively. These devices are capable of mode-hop free tuning over ranges greater than 90 GHz. The performance of these devices exceeds that of commercially available systems and a patent application has been filed. High resolution fluorescence spectroscopy has been performed on both the 52P1/2→62S1/2 and 52P3/2→62S1/2 transitions of indium atoms seeded at trace quantities into atmospheric pressure flames. In both cases, the spectra obtained show excellent agreement with a theoretical fit based on the individual hyperfine components of the transition. The two ECDLs have been used to build a sensor for the measurement of temperature in combustion systems. It is much simpler, more compact, less expensive, and more versatile than any previously existing device. The two lasers were used sequentially to probe indium atoms seeded to the flame. The ratio of the resulting fluorescence signals is related to the relative populations in the two sub-levels of the spin-orbit split ground state of indium, and thus to the temperature. Temperature measurements have been successfully performed in a laminar flame and the data thus obtained do not need to be corrected by any ‘calibration constant’. This novel thermometry technique offers a robust alternative to traditional methods involving bulky high power lasers. A further development has been made by demonstrating a fluorescence line-shape thermometry technique requiring only a single diode laser excitation source. Progress has been made towards the goal of rapid temperature measurements appropriate to the study of turbulent flames. This involved the development of a simple technique for actively locking the wavelength of the blue diode laser to a resonance line of the tellurium molecule. A high-speed thermometry system would work by rapidly switching between the two locked laser beams using an optical modulator.
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Jansson, J. P. (Jussi-Pekka). "A stabilized multi-channel CMOS time-to-digital converter based on a low frequency reference." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514299322.

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Abstract The aim of this work was to improve the performance and usability of a digital time-to-digital converter (TDC) in CMOS technology. The characteristics of the TDC were improved especially for the needs of pulsed laser time-of-flight (TOF) distance measurement, where picosecond-level precision with a long µs-level measurement range is needed in order to approach mm-level measurement accuracy. Stability in the face of process, voltage and temperature variations, multiple measurement channels, alternative measurement modes, a high integration level, standard interfaces and simple usage were the main features for development. The measurement architecture is based on counter and timing signal interpolation on two levels. The counter counts the full reference clock cycles between the timing signals, while a new recycling delay line developed in this thesis interpolates within the reference clock cycle. This technique utilizes a short delay line several times per reference clock cycle, which minimizes the interpolation nonlinearity. The same structure also makes the use of a low, MHz-level reference frequency possible, and thus only a crystal is needed as an external oscillator component. The parallel load capacitor-scaled delay line structure acts as the second, sub-gate-delay interpolation level. The INL does not accumulate in elements connected in parallel, and the load capacitance differences enable high, ps-level resolution to be achieved. Four TDC circuits in 0.35 µm CMOS technology were designed and tested in the course of this work, of which the latest, a 7-channel TDC, is able to measure the time intervals between the start pulse and three separate stop pulses in one measurement and to resolve the pulse widths or rise times at the same time. In laser TOF distance measurement this functionality can be used when several echoes arrive at the receiver, and also to compensate for the detection threshold problem known as timing walk error. The TDC achieves 8.9&#160;ps interpolation resolution within the cycle time of a 20&#160;MHz reference clock using only 8 delay elements on the first interpolation level and 14 delay elements on the second. A measurement precision better than 9&#160;ps was achieved without using result post-processing or look-up tables. This work shows that versatile, high performance TDCs can be created in standard CMOS technology<br>Tiivistelmä Väitöskirjatyön tavoitteena oli parantaa CMOS-aika-digitaalimuuntimien suorituskykyä ja käytettävyyttä. Muuntimen ominaisuuksia kehitettiin erityisesti laseretäisyysmittauksen tarpeita ajatellen, missä millimetritason mittaustarkkuus laajalla mittausaluella edellyttää aika-digitaalimuuntimelta pikosekuntitason tarkkuutta mikrosekuntien mittausalueella. Stabiilius prosessiparametri-, jännite- ja lämpötilavaihteluita vastaan, useat mittauskanavat, useat mittausmoodit, korkea integraatioaste, standardoidut liitäntäväylät ja helppo käytettävyys olivat erityisesti kehityksen kohteina. Suunniteltu mittausarkkitehtuuri koostuu laskurista ja kaksitasoisesta ajoitussignaali-interpolaattorista. Laskuri laskee kokonaiset referenssikellojaksot ajoitussignaalien välillä ja työssä kehitetty referenssiä kierrättävä viivelinjarakenne rekistereineen interpoloi ajoitussignaalien paikat referenssikellojaksojen sisältä. Referenssinkierrätystekniikka hyödyntää lyhyttä viivelinjaa useampaan kertaan kellojakson aikana, mikä minimoi epälineaarisuuden interpoloinnissa. Sama rakenne mahdollistaa myös MHz-tason referenssitaajuuden, jolloin matalataajuista kidettä voidaan käyttää referenssilähteenä. Toinen interpolointitaso koostuu rinnakkaisista kapasitanssiskaalatuista viive-elementeistä, mitkä mahdollistavat alle porttiviiveen mittausresoluution. Rinnakkaisessa rakenteessa elementtien epälineaarisuudet eivät summaudu, mikä mahdollistaa pikosekuntitason mittaustarkkuuden. Väitöskirjatyössä suunniteltiin ja toteutettiin neljä aikavälinmittauspiiriä käyttäen 0,35&#160;µm CMOS-teknologiaa, joista viimeisin, 7-kanavainen muunnin kykenee mittaamaan aikavälin useampaan pulssiin yhdellä kertaa sekä voi selvittää samalla pulssien leveydet tai nousuajat. Laseretäisyysmittauksessa monikanavaisuutta voidaan käyttää kun useita kaikuja lähetetystä pulssista saapuu vastaanottimeen sekä kompensoimaan mittauksessa esiintyviä muita virhelähteitä. Käytettäessä 20&#160;MHz:n kidettä referenssilähteenä muunnin saavuttaa alle 9&#160;ps:n interpolointiresoluution ja tarkkuuden ilman epälineaarisuudenkorjaustaulukoita. Työ osoittaa, että edullisella CMOS-teknologialla voidaan toteuttaa monipuolinen ja erittäin suorituskykyinen aika-digitaalimuunnin
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Tsang, Peter Tjin Sjoe Kong. "Laser interferometric flow measurements in the lateral line organ." [S.l. : [Groningen] : s.n.] ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1997. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/164041338.

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Mattsson, Mirjam. "Laser line extraction with sub-pixel accuracy for 3D measurements." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Beräkningsmatematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-168582.

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One 3D measurement method is laser scanning. By projecting and photographing a laser line, the centre line coordinates of the laser can be obtained with centre line detection methods and then be used to generate 3D model of the scanned object. This thesis compares three centre line detection algorithms with respect to their utility for the purpose of 3D reconstruction. The investigated algorithms were Steger’s method, Gaussian fitting and Centre of Mass. The algorithms were evaluated regarding noise sensitivity and their ability to detect jagged laser lines. It was concluded that Steger’s method was the most noise resistant, but less accurate than the others when the jagged line was at an acute angle. The performance of the Gaussian fitting and Centre of Mass algorithms was relatively equal for all investigated test cases.
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Anbari, Attar Mohammadreza. "Development and optimisation of two-line planar laser induced fluorescence technique for combustion measurements." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7358.

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This study has focused on development, optimisation and implementation of the 2-line Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (2-line PLIF) technique for combustion measurements on a single cylinder optical Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine with both Spark Ignition (SI) and Controlled Auto Ignition (CAI) combustion operations. The CAI combustion was achieved by employing Negative Valve Overlap (NVO). Two excitation wavelengths at 308 nm (directly from a XeCl laser) and 277 nm (via Raman shifting a KrF laser output at 248 nm) were exploited for the measurements. A calibration curve of fluorescence signal intensity ratio of the two laser beams as a function of temperature was obtained by conducting a series of static tests on a specially designed Constant Volume Chamber (CVC). The developed technique was validated by measurements of in-cylinder charge temperature during the compression stroke for both motoring and firing cycles and comparing the PLIF values with the temperature values calculated from in-cylinder pressure data assuming a polytropic compression. Following the validation measurements, the technique was applied to study of fuel spray characteristics and simultaneous measurements of in-cylinder charge temperature and mole fraction of Exhaust Gas Residuals (EGR). Further optimisation of the thermometry technique by enhancing the fluorescence Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and improving both the temporal and spatial resolutions as well as measurements precision provided the opportunity to apply the technique to other combustion measurements. The thesis presents the first application of the 2-line PLIF diagnostic in study of direct injection charge cooling effects and study of flame thermal stratification in IC engines.
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Lele, Avinash Shreedhar. "Convex set reconstruction from support line measurements and its application to laser radar data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14252.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1990.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-158).<br>by Avinash Shreedhar Lele.<br>M.S.
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Stone, Juliet. "Measurement of life-course socioeconomic position in relation to health in later life." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509577.

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Books on the topic "Laser line measurement"

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Nandula, S. P. Multi-species line Raman measurements in H2-air turbulent flames. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994.

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Kozma, Albert. Psychological well-being in later life. Butterworths, 1991.

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Kozma, Albert. Psychological well-being in later life: By Albert Kozma, M.J. Stones, J.K. McNeil. Butterworths, 1991.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Results from 1984 airborne Doppler lidar wind measurement program: Flight 6 : analysis of line-of-sight elevation angle errors and apparent Doppler velocities : interim report. Universities Space Research Association, 1987.

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Cohadon, Pierre-François, Jack Harris, Florian Marquardt, and Leticia Cugliandolo, eds. Quantum Optomechanics and Nanomechanics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828143.001.0001.

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The Les Houches Summer School 2015 covered the emerging fields of cavity optomechanics and quantum nanomechanics. Optomechanics is flourishing and its concepts and techniques are now applied to a wide range of topics. Modern quantum optomechanics was born in the late 70s in the framework of gravitational wave interferometry, initially focusing on the quantum limits of displacement measurements. Carlton Caves, Vladimir Braginsky, and others realized that the sensitivity of the anticipated large-scale gravitational-wave interferometers (GWI) was fundamentally limited by the quantum fluctuations of the measurement laser beam. After tremendous experimental progress, the sensitivity of the upcoming next generation of GWI will effectively be limited by quantum noise. In this way, quantum-optomechanical effects will directly affect the operation of what is arguably the world’s most impressive precision experiment. However, optomechanics has also gained a life of its own with a focus on the quantum aspects of moving mirrors. Laser light can be used to cool mechanical resonators well below the temperature of their environment. After proof-of-principle demonstrations of this cooling in 2006, a number of systems were used as the field gradually merged with its condensed matter cousin (nanomechanical systems) to try to reach the mechanical quantum ground state, eventually demonstrated in 2010 by pure cryogenic techniques and a year later by a combination of cryogenic and radiation-pressure cooling. The book covers all aspects—historical, theoretical, experimental—of the field, with its applications to quantum measurement, foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information. Essential reading for any researcher in the field.
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Furst, Eric M., and Todd M. Squires. Microrheology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199655205.001.0001.

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We present a comprehensive overview of microrheology, emphasizing the underlying theory, practical aspects of its implementation, and current applications to rheological studies in academic and industrial laboratories. Key methods and techniques are examined, including important considerations to be made with respect to the materials most amenable to microrheological characterization and pitfalls to avoid in measurements and analysis. The fundamental principles of all microrheology experiments are presented, including the nature of colloidal probes and their movement in fluids, soft solids, and viscoelastic materials. Microrheology is divided into two general areas, depending on whether the probe is driven into motion by thermal forces (passive), or by an external force (active). We present the theory and practice of passive microrheology, including an in-depth examination of the Generalized Stokes-Einstein Relation (GSER). We carefully treat the assumptions that must be made for these techniques to work, and what happens when the underlying assumptions are violated. Experimental methods covered in detail include particle tracking microrheology, tracer particle microrheology using dynamic light scattering and diffusing wave spectroscopy, and laser tracking microrheology. Second, we discuss the theory and practice of active microrheology, focusing specifically on the potential and limitations of extending microrheology to measurements of non-linear rheological properties, like yielding and shear-thinning. Practical aspects of magnetic and optical tweezer measurements are preseted. Finally, we highlight important applications of microrheology, including measurements of gelation, degradation, high-throughput rheology, protein solution viscosities, and polymer dynamics.
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Skiba, Grzegorz. Fizjologiczne, żywieniowe i genetyczne uwarunkowania właściwości kości rosnących świń. The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/mono_gs_2020.

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Bones are multifunctional passive organs of movement that supports soft tissue and directly attached muscles. They also protect internal organs and are a reserve of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Each bone is covered with periosteum, and the adjacent bone surfaces are covered by articular cartilage. Histologically, the bone is an organ composed of many different tissues. The main component is bone tissue (cortical and spongy) composed of a set of bone cells and intercellular substance (mineral and organic), it also contains fat, hematopoietic (bone marrow) and cartilaginous tissue. Bones are a tissue that even in adult life retains the ability to change shape and structure depending on changes in their mechanical and hormonal environment, as well as self-renewal and repair capabilities. This process is called bone turnover. The basic processes of bone turnover are: • bone modeling (incessantly changes in bone shape during individual growth) following resorption and tissue formation at various locations (e.g. bone marrow formation) to increase mass and skeletal morphology. This process occurs in the bones of growing individuals and stops after reaching puberty • bone remodeling (processes involve in maintaining bone tissue by resorbing and replacing old bone tissue with new tissue in the same place, e.g. repairing micro fractures). It is a process involving the removal and internal remodeling of existing bone and is responsible for maintaining tissue mass and architecture of mature bones. Bone turnover is regulated by two types of transformation: • osteoclastogenesis, i.e. formation of cells responsible for bone resorption • osteoblastogenesis, i.e. formation of cells responsible for bone formation (bone matrix synthesis and mineralization) Bone maturity can be defined as the completion of basic structural development and mineralization leading to maximum mass and optimal mechanical strength. The highest rate of increase in pig bone mass is observed in the first twelve weeks after birth. This period of growth is considered crucial for optimizing the growth of the skeleton of pigs, because the degree of bone mineralization in later life stages (adulthood) depends largely on the amount of bone minerals accumulated in the early stages of their growth. The development of the technique allows to determine the condition of the skeletal system (or individual bones) in living animals by methods used in human medicine, or after their slaughter. For in vivo determination of bone properties, Abstract 10 double energy X-ray absorptiometry or computed tomography scanning techniques are used. Both methods allow the quantification of mineral content and bone mineral density. The most important property from a practical point of view is the bone’s bending strength, which is directly determined by the maximum bending force. The most important factors affecting bone strength are: • age (growth period), • gender and the associated hormonal balance, • genotype and modification of genes responsible for bone growth • chemical composition of the body (protein and fat content, and the proportion between these components), • physical activity and related bone load, • nutritional factors: – protein intake influencing synthesis of organic matrix of bone, – content of minerals in the feed (CA, P, Zn, Ca/P, Mg, Mn, Na, Cl, K, Cu ratio) influencing synthesis of the inorganic matrix of bone, – mineral/protein ratio in the diet (Ca/protein, P/protein, Zn/protein) – feed energy concentration, – energy source (content of saturated fatty acids - SFA, content of polyun saturated fatty acids - PUFA, in particular ALA, EPA, DPA, DHA), – feed additives, in particular: enzymes (e.g. phytase releasing of minerals bounded in phytin complexes), probiotics and prebiotics (e.g. inulin improving the function of the digestive tract by increasing absorption of nutrients), – vitamin content that regulate metabolism and biochemical changes occurring in bone tissue (e.g. vitamin D3, B6, C and K). This study was based on the results of research experiments from available literature, and studies on growing pigs carried out at the Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences. The tests were performed in total on 300 pigs of Duroc, Pietrain, Puławska breeds, line 990 and hybrids (Great White × Duroc, Great White × Landrace), PIC pigs, slaughtered at different body weight during the growth period from 15 to 130 kg. Bones for biomechanical tests were collected after slaughter from each pig. Their length, mass and volume were determined. Based on these measurements, the specific weight (density, g/cm3) was calculated. Then each bone was cut in the middle of the shaft and the outer and inner diameters were measured both horizontally and vertically. Based on these measurements, the following indicators were calculated: • cortical thickness, • cortical surface, • cortical index. Abstract 11 Bone strength was tested by a three-point bending test. The obtained data enabled the determination of: • bending force (the magnitude of the maximum force at which disintegration and disruption of bone structure occurs), • strength (the amount of maximum force needed to break/crack of bone), • stiffness (quotient of the force acting on the bone and the amount of displacement occurring under the influence of this force). Investigation of changes in physical and biomechanical features of bones during growth was performed on pigs of the synthetic 990 line growing from 15 to 130 kg body weight. The animals were slaughtered successively at a body weight of 15, 30, 40, 50, 70, 90, 110 and 130 kg. After slaughter, the following bones were separated from the right half-carcass: humerus, 3rd and 4th metatarsal bone, femur, tibia and fibula as well as 3rd and 4th metatarsal bone. The features of bones were determined using methods described in the methodology. Describing bone growth with the Gompertz equation, it was found that the earliest slowdown of bone growth curve was observed for metacarpal and metatarsal bones. This means that these bones matured the most quickly. The established data also indicate that the rib is the slowest maturing bone. The femur, humerus, tibia and fibula were between the values of these features for the metatarsal, metacarpal and rib bones. The rate of increase in bone mass and length differed significantly between the examined bones, but in all cases it was lower (coefficient b &lt;1) than the growth rate of the whole body of the animal. The fastest growth rate was estimated for the rib mass (coefficient b = 0.93). Among the long bones, the humerus (coefficient b = 0.81) was characterized by the fastest rate of weight gain, however femur the smallest (coefficient b = 0.71). The lowest rate of bone mass increase was observed in the foot bones, with the metacarpal bones having a slightly higher value of coefficient b than the metatarsal bones (0.67 vs 0.62). The third bone had a lower growth rate than the fourth bone, regardless of whether they were metatarsal or metacarpal. The value of the bending force increased as the animals grew. Regardless of the growth point tested, the highest values were observed for the humerus, tibia and femur, smaller for the metatarsal and metacarpal bone, and the lowest for the fibula and rib. The rate of change in the value of this indicator increased at a similar rate as the body weight changes of the animals in the case of the fibula and the fourth metacarpal bone (b value = 0.98), and more slowly in the case of the metatarsal bone, the third metacarpal bone, and the tibia bone (values of the b ratio 0.81–0.85), and the slowest femur, humerus and rib (value of b = 0.60–0.66). Bone stiffness increased as animals grew. Regardless of the growth point tested, the highest values were observed for the humerus, tibia and femur, smaller for the metatarsal and metacarpal bone, and the lowest for the fibula and rib. Abstract 12 The rate of change in the value of this indicator changed at a faster rate than the increase in weight of pigs in the case of metacarpal and metatarsal bones (coefficient b = 1.01–1.22), slightly slower in the case of fibula (coefficient b = 0.92), definitely slower in the case of the tibia (b = 0.73), ribs (b = 0.66), femur (b = 0.59) and humerus (b = 0.50). Bone strength increased as animals grew. Regardless of the growth point tested, bone strength was as follows femur &gt; tibia &gt; humerus &gt; 4 metacarpal&gt; 3 metacarpal&gt; 3 metatarsal &gt; 4 metatarsal &gt; rib&gt; fibula. The rate of increase in strength of all examined bones was greater than the rate of weight gain of pigs (value of the coefficient b = 2.04–3.26). As the animals grew, the bone density increased. However, the growth rate of this indicator for the majority of bones was slower than the rate of weight gain (the value of the coefficient b ranged from 0.37 – humerus to 0.84 – fibula). The exception was the rib, whose density increased at a similar pace increasing the body weight of animals (value of the coefficient b = 0.97). The study on the influence of the breed and the feeding intensity on bone characteristics (physical and biomechanical) was performed on pigs of the breeds Duroc, Pietrain, and synthetic 990 during a growth period of 15 to 70 kg body weight. Animals were fed ad libitum or dosed system. After slaughter at a body weight of 70 kg, three bones were taken from the right half-carcass: femur, three metatarsal, and three metacarpal and subjected to the determinations described in the methodology. The weight of bones of animals fed aa libitum was significantly lower than in pigs fed restrictively All bones of Duroc breed were significantly heavier and longer than Pietrain and 990 pig bones. The average values of bending force for the examined bones took the following order: III metatarsal bone (63.5 kg) &lt;III metacarpal bone (77.9 kg) &lt;femur (271.5 kg). The feeding system and breed of pigs had no significant effect on the value of this indicator. The average values of the bones strength took the following order: III metatarsal bone (92.6 kg) &lt;III metacarpal (107.2 kg) &lt;femur (353.1 kg). Feeding intensity and breed of animals had no significant effect on the value of this feature of the bones tested. The average bone density took the following order: femur (1.23 g/cm3) &lt;III metatarsal bone (1.26 g/cm3) &lt;III metacarpal bone (1.34 g / cm3). The density of bones of animals fed aa libitum was higher (P&lt;0.01) than in animals fed with a dosing system. The density of examined bones within the breeds took the following order: Pietrain race&gt; line 990&gt; Duroc race. The differences between the “extreme” breeds were: 7.2% (III metatarsal bone), 8.3% (III metacarpal bone), 8.4% (femur). Abstract 13 The average bone stiffness took the following order: III metatarsal bone (35.1 kg/mm) &lt;III metacarpus (41.5 kg/mm) &lt;femur (60.5 kg/mm). This indicator did not differ between the groups of pigs fed at different intensity, except for the metacarpal bone, which was more stiffer in pigs fed aa libitum (P&lt;0.05). The femur of animals fed ad libitum showed a tendency (P&lt;0.09) to be more stiffer and a force of 4.5 kg required for its displacement by 1 mm. Breed differences in stiffness were found for the femur (P &lt;0.05) and III metacarpal bone (P &lt;0.05). For femur, the highest value of this indicator was found in Pietrain pigs (64.5 kg/mm), lower in pigs of 990 line (61.6 kg/mm) and the lowest in Duroc pigs (55.3 kg/mm). In turn, the 3rd metacarpal bone of Duroc and Pietrain pigs had similar stiffness (39.0 and 40.0 kg/mm respectively) and was smaller than that of line 990 pigs (45.4 kg/mm). The thickness of the cortical bone layer took the following order: III metatarsal bone (2.25 mm) &lt;III metacarpal bone (2.41 mm) &lt;femur (5.12 mm). The feeding system did not affect this indicator. Breed differences (P &lt;0.05) for this trait were found only for the femur bone: Duroc (5.42 mm)&gt; line 990 (5.13 mm)&gt; Pietrain (4.81 mm). The cross sectional area of the examined bones was arranged in the following order: III metatarsal bone (84 mm2) &lt;III metacarpal bone (90 mm2) &lt;femur (286 mm2). The feeding system had no effect on the value of this bone trait, with the exception of the femur, which in animals fed the dosing system was 4.7% higher (P&lt;0.05) than in pigs fed ad libitum. Breed differences (P&lt;0.01) in the coross sectional area were found only in femur and III metatarsal bone. The value of this indicator was the highest in Duroc pigs, lower in 990 animals and the lowest in Pietrain pigs. The cortical index of individual bones was in the following order: III metatarsal bone (31.86) &lt;III metacarpal bone (33.86) &lt;femur (44.75). However, its value did not significantly depend on the intensity of feeding or the breed of pigs.
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Book chapters on the topic "Laser line measurement"

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Lorincz, Emoke, and Peter Richter. "Laser Interferometric On-Line Measurement of Paper Surface Roughness." In Laser/Optoelektronik in der Technik / Laser/Optoelectronics in Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48372-1_71.

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Alonso, Marcos, Alberto Izaguirre, Imanol Andonegui, and Manuel Graña. "An Application of Laser Measurement to On-Line Metal Strip Flatness Measurement." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57802-2_80.

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König, K., and K. Kunzi-Rapp. "On-Line Measurement of Photodynamically Induced Lysis of Erythrocytes with and Without Nucleus by Small Angle Light Scattering and Video-Intensified Microscopy." In Laser in der Medizin / Laser in Medicine. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93548-0_22.

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Schöch, Alexander, and Enrico Savio. "High-Speed Measurement of Complex Shaped Parts by Laser Triangulation for In-line Inspection." In Precision Manufacturing. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4912-5_10-1.

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Schöch, Alexander, and Enrico Savio. "High-Speed Measurement of Complex Shaped Parts by Laser Triangulation for In-Line Inspection." In Precision Manufacturing. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4938-5_10.

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Arikawa, Shuichi, and Yuta Ando. "Investigation of Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry with Line Laser Scanning for Large Area Deformation Measurement." In Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics, Volume 3. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63028-1_15.

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Audoin, Bertrand, Christophe Bescond, and Menglu Qian. "Measurement of the Stiffness Tensor of Orthotropic Materials from Line Source Point Receiver Laser Ultrasonic Method." In Nondestructive Characterization of Materials VIII. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4847-8_15.

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Gregersen, Q., and F. O. Olsen. "On-Line Beam Quality Measurements." In Laser in der Technik / Laser in Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84736-3_97.

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Laumann, S., K. Hoffmann, F. Knop, T. Naubert, and P. Altmeyer. "Single Dimensional Line Measurement with a Laser Sensor by Dynamic Focusing Principle as a Tool of Modern Skin Physiology." In Skin Cancer and UV Radiation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60771-4_132.

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Gibson, Hamilton B. "The Measurement of Loneliness." In Loneliness in Later Life. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230510203_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Laser line measurement"

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Peng, Chaoyong, Li Wang, Zeyong Wang, et al. "Laser applied on railway line profile measurement." In SPIE LASE: Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering, edited by Mark S. Zediker. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.808470.

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Schlarp, Johannes, Ernst Csencsics, and Georg Schitter. "Optically scanned laser line sensor." In 2020 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc43012.2020.9129038.

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Gao, Hongtang, Xiaoyou Ye, and Jianshuang Li. "A simple line sensing method by laser line scanning for line scale measurement." In International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation 2012, edited by Jie Lin. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2015035.

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Qu, Weijuan, Yingjie Yu, Wenjing Zhou, Hao Yan, and Anand Asundi. "Phase measurement via in-line digital holographic microscopy." In Ninth International Symposium on Laser Metrology, edited by Chenggen Quan and Anand Asundi. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.814526.

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Sparkes, Martin, and William O’Neill. "On-line beam measurement of critical laser beam properties." In ICALEO® 2003: 22nd International Congress on Laser Materials Processing and Laser Microfabrication. Laser Institute of America, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5060081.

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Hussain, Shahid, M. Saleem, M. A. Baig, Marco Antonio Gigosos, and Manuel Ángel González. "Comparative Study of Electric Field Measurement in Glow Discharges using Laser Optogalvanic Spectroscopy." In SPECTRAL LINE SHAPES: Volume 15–19th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3026435.

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Moreno, J. C., Y. W. Huang, J. S. Wang, and H. R. Griem. "Measurement and interpretation of spontaneous line emision from a common upper level in laser-produced plasmas." In Spectral line shapes. AIP, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.39954.

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Yuan, Zhonghu, Xuelian Zhang, Sa Liu, Xiaowei Han, and Yingkui Du. "Laser line recognition for autonomous road roughness measurement." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on CYBER Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cyber.2015.7287977.

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Song, Hongxun, and Cui Fang. "Study on the symmetric line-laser rut measurement." In Photonics Asia 2010, edited by Cunlin Zhang, Xi-Cheng Zhang, Peter H. Siegel, Li He, and Sheng-Cai Shi. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.882118.

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Boxman, A., and B. Scarlett. "On-Line Measurement Of Crystal Size And Shape Using Combined Optical Techniques." In Laser Technologies in Industry. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.968879.

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Reports on the topic "Laser line measurement"

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Andre' Moreau, Martin Lord, Daniel Levesqure, et al. AISI/DOE Advanced Process Control Program Vol. 4 of 6: ON-LINE, NON-DESTRUCTIVE MECHANICAL PROPERTY MEASUREMENT USING LASER-ULTRASOUND. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/794988.

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Cheng, M. D., and R. W. Vannice. On-Line Measurement of Beryllium, Chromium, and Mercury by Using Aerosol Beam Focused Laser-Induced Plasma Spectrometer and TIme-Integrated Filter Sampling and Reference Method. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/940543.

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Kisner, R. A., S. W. Kercel, B. Damiano, et al. Development of a Versatile Laser Ultrasonic System and Application to On-Line Measurement for Process Control of Wall Thickness and Eccentrictiy of Steel Seamless Mechanical Tubing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/940387.

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Kashima, S., and P. Aitken. Information Elements for Data Link Layer Traffic Measurement. Edited by A. Kobayashi. RFC Editor, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7133.

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Griem, H. R., R. C. Elton, and B. L. Welch. Electric field measurements from satellites-to-forbidden line ratios in an Omega-Upgrade laser-produced plasma. Final report, June 1, 1996--March 31, 1997. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/548697.

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Griem, H. R., R. C. Elton, and B. L. Welch. Electric field measurements from satellites-to-forbidden line ratios in an Omega-Upgrade laser-produced plasma. Semi-annual report, February 1--May 31, 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/270791.

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Cheng, M. D. On-Line Measurements of Beryllium, Chromium, and Mercury by Using Aerosol Beam Focused Laser-Induced Plasma Spectrometer and Time-Integrated Filter Sampling Reference Method. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814217.

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Griem, H. R., R. C. Elton, and B. L. Welch. Electric field measurements from satellites to forbidden line ratios in an Omega-Upgrade laser-produced plasma. Second semi-annual report, June 1, 1996--November 30, 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/515702.

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Yasuike, K., K. B. Wharton, M. Key, S. Hatchett, and R. Snavely. Hot Electron Diagnostic in a Solid Laser Target by K-Shell Lines Measurement from Ultra-Intense Laser-Plasma Interactions R=1.06 (micron)m, 3x10 W/cm -2(less than or equal to) 500 J. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/802096.

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Coastal Lidar And Radar Imaging System (CLARIS) mobile terrestrial lidar survey along the Outer Banks, North Carolina in Currituck and Dare counties. Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (U.S.), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39419.

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The Coastal Observation and Analysis Branch (COAB) located at the Field Research Facility (FRF) conducts quarterly surveys and post-storm surveys along up to 60 kilometers of coastline within the vicinity of the FRF to assess, evaluate, and provide updated observations of the morphology of the foreshore and dune system. The surveys are conducted using a mobile terrestrial LiDAR scanner coupled with an Inertial Navigation System (INS). Traditionally the surveys coincide with a low tide, exposing the widest swath of visible sediment to the scanner as well as enough wind-sea swell or texture to induce wave breaking upon the interior sandbars. The wave field is measured with X-Band radar which records a spatial time series of wave direction and speed. Data for the survey region was collected using the VZ-2000's mobile, 3D scanning mode where the scanner continuously rotates the line scan 360 degrees as the vehicle progresses forward. Elevation measurements are acquired on all sides of the vehicle except for the topography directly underneath the vehicle. As the vehicle moves forward, the next rotation will capture the previous position's occluded data area. Laser data is acquired in mobile 3D radar mode with a pulse repetition rate of 300kHz, theta resolution of 0.19 degrees and phi resolution of 0.625 degrees. Horizontal Datum NAD83(2011), Projection North Carolina State Plane (3200) meters; Vertical Datum NAVD88, meters with geoid09 applied.
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