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Journal articles on the topic 'Laser line measurement'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Matsushita, Akihiko, Takafumi Morishita, Shun’ichi Kaneko, Hitoshi Ohfuji, and Kaoru Fukuda. "Image Detection of Seam Line for Laser Welding Robot." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 23, no. 6 (2011): 919–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2011.p0919.

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Automating robot laser welding requires that laser irradiation direction and laser focus positioning influencing welding strength be controlled precisely along the seam line. Since the edge of the welded object can be transformed in processing by such as cutting, bending and grinding, direct measurement is necessary to detect the seam line. A robust image detection method of seam lines is proposed for hand-eye laser welding system equipped with an optical microscope, a CMOS camera and two slit lasers for measurement. The seam line is detected indirectly to utilize the difference between local and global distribution of image of measurement lasers. Results of experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposal.

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2

Wen, Xin, Sheng Lin Yang, and Guang Li. "On-Line Measurement of Fiber Diameters along Spinning Line." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.394.

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A laser sensor based equipment was assembled for on-line measuring the fiber diameters during the polymer spinning. The analog signals come from laser sensor were detected by using a data acquisition instrument and transferred into digital ones, which were processed in time with Labview. In a typical experiment, the diameters of polypropylene fibers were tested under different spinning speed by means of that pre-calibrated on-line measurement equipment, and the testing results were compared with those obtained from the numerical simulation of spinning dynamics. It has been found the on-line diameter measurement could promise high-speed, highly reliable and flexible testing.

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3

Yu, Le Wen, Da Zhang, and Yuan Sheng Zhang. "Three-Dimensional Measurement System Based on Line Laser." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.32.

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This paper puts forward a three-dimensional measurement system based on line laser, describing its operating principle. Extracted the light stripes center by image processing technology, and establishing mathematical model, detecting the depth information by the method of laser triangulation, and reconstructed the three-dimensional form of object. The experimental results indicate that measurement accuracy less than ±0.03mm when the measurement range between 0mm to 10mm.

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4

Rzeznik, Tom. "In‐line laser measurement in the assembly process." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 24, no. 1 (1997): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439919710162610.

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5

Abe, Go, Masatoshi Aritoshi, Tomoki Tomita, and Keiichi Shirase. "Development of On-Machine Measurement System Utilizing Line Laser Displacement Sensor." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 5 (2011): 708–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0708.

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Demand for precision machining of dies and molds with complex shapes has been increasing. Though high performance CNC machine tools are widely utilized for precision machining, machining error compensation is still necessary to meet accuracy requirements. For precision measurement, a workpiece must usually be unloaded from a CNC machine tool. Then, the workpiece is measured by a precision measurement device, such as 3D CMM. After the machining error is clarified according to the measurements taken, the workpiece must be re-clamped for the necessary error compensation machining. This error compensation machining is costly and time consuming, and it requires a highly skilled machinists. The re-clamping of the workpiece also causes positioning errors. Therefore, demands for on-machinemeasurement have been increasing. In this paper, an on-machine measurement device that consists of a line laser displacement sensor is developed. This measurement device, attached to the spindle head of a machine tool with magnetic clamps, has special features, such as noncontact, multi-point, high-speed measurement capabilities. Additionally, a sequential multi-point method, an extension of the two-point method, is applied for shape measurement accuracy.

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6

Sun, Shangqu, Liping Li, Jing Wang, Shuguang Song, Peng He, and Zhongdong Fang. "Reconstruction and Measurement of Irregular Karst Caves Using BLST along the Shield Metro Line." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2020): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010392.

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This study investigated the application of the borehole laser scanning technology (BLST) method in the detection of both dry and water-filled karst caves. In order to solve the problem of excessive laser attenuation during the detection, we designed a test for the characteristics of multiwavelength laser attenuation in water-filled karst caves and studied the influence exerted by various factors, including different wavelengths, different laser power levels, different suspended media, and effect of turbidity on the attenuation coefficient. During the test, we discovered the existence of a “blue-green window” with low turbidity and a “near infrared window” with high turbidity in karst cave water environments. Based on the general survey results of drilling and comprehensive geophysical prospecting, a quantitative method using targeted drilling was proposed to detect the spatial morphology of karst caves in complex environments. We also investigated the effects of complex environmental factors such as suspended media and high turbidity on the laser detection distance and accuracy in karst caves, and established a quantitative matching model of laser wavelengths, laser power, and complex environmental parameters. Based on this, we obtained the best acquisition mode for detecting lasers in different karst development environments. A high-precision, three-dimensional visualized model of a real karst cave was established to quantitatively obtain the characteristic parameters, such as accurate position, three-dimensional shape, space volume, and cave filling type, which was applied to the detection of karst caves along the Jinan subway line.

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7

MAGUNOV, A. I., A. YA FAENOV, I. YU SKOBELEV, et al. "X-ray spectra of fast ions generated from clusters by ultrashort laser pulses." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 1 (2003): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034603211149.

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The high precision X-ray spectroscopy studies of plasma created from the CO2 clusters in gas jet targets by the ultrashort laser pulses (35 and 60 fs duration) were performed at the intensities IL ∼ 1017–1018 W cm−2. The spectral line shape of the H-like and He-like oxygen ions gains an asymmetry with increasing the laser pulse intensity. Theoretical modeling of the line shape shows that the asymmetry can be explained by absorption of the Doppler-shifted line radiation from the essential fraction of ions (over 10−3) with energies above 1 MeV due to photoionization of inner shells of carbon ions. The results obtained demonstrate measurement capabilities of the X-ray spectral measurements of multicharged ions accelerated during the interaction with a laser radiation.

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8

Cuesta, E., S. Giganto, B. J. Alvarez, J. Barreiro, S. Martínez-Pellitero, and V. Meana. "Laser line scanner aptitude for the measurement of Selective Laser Melting parts." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 138 (March 2021): 106406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106406.

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9

Matsushita, Akihiko, Masahiro Yamanaka, Shun'ichi Kaneko, Hitoshi Ohfuji, and Kaoru Fukuda. "Basic Image Measurement for Laser Welding Robot Motion Control." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 2 (2009): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0136.

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Laser welding, provides high-density energy, is easy to control, and is low in heat input but deep in depth, enabling it to be used for small-area precision welding. However, Automating welding using robots has been considered, but laser welding requires accurate alignment and direction of irradiation because of its capability of sensitive welding. In this paper, basic image measurement method is proposed for Hand-Eye Laser Welding System equipped with an optical microscope and a CMOS camera, as follows. 1) A core line detection method of a slit laser image that has robustness against variation of observation direction and speckle patterns is proposed. 2) The parameter identification method of laser planes utilizing the core line detection method is proposed for measurement. 3) It is derived measurement equations of the position and the posture of the metal plate from geometric consideration utilizing the identified parameters and the core line detection.

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10

Nakagawa, Tatsuya, Norio Tsuda, and Jun Yamada. "On-line Measurement of Chaos Laser Radar using FPGA." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 125, no. 12 (2005): 1824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.125.1824.

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11

Oulton, D. P., I. El Sayed, and I. Porat. "On-line Colour Measurement Using Laser-based Abridged Spectrophotometry." Journal of the Textile Institute 89, no. 3 (1998): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405009808658683.

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12

Vasconcellos, E. C. C., D. A. Jennings, and K. M. Evenson. "Frequency measurement of the solitary ethyl alcohol laser line." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 7, no. 2 (1986): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01013272.

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13

Kalinov, V. S., and S. I. Ovseichuk. "Measurement of absorption line profile by laser optogalvanic spectroscopy." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 2 (1987): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00679244.

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14

Li, Wenguo, Zixin Luo, Dameng Hou, and Xueyi Mao. "Multi-line laser projection 3D measurement simulation system technology." Optik 231 (April 2021): 166390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.166390.

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15

Takushima, Shigeru, Nobuhiro Shinohara, Daiji Morita, Hiroyuki Kawano, Yasuhiro Mizutani, and Yasuhiro Takaya. "In-Process Height Displacement Measurement Using Crossed Line Beams for Process Control of Laser Wire Deposition." International Journal of Automation Technology 15, no. 5 (2021): 715–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2021.p0715.

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We propose the use of the line section method with crossed line beams for the process control of laser wire deposition. This method could be used to measure the height displacement in front of a laser spot when the processing direction changes. In laser processing, especially laser deposition of metal additive manufacturing, the laser process control technique that controls the processing parameters based on the measured height displacement in front of a laser processing spot is indispensable for high-accuracy processing. However, it was impossible to measure the height displacement in front of a processing laser spot in a processing route in which the processing direction changes as the measurement direction of the conventional light-section method comprising the use of a straight-line beam is restricted although the configuration is simple. In this paper, we present an in-process height displacement measurement system of the light-section method using two crossed line beams. This method could be used to measure the height displacement in a ±90° direction by projecting two crossed line beams from the side of a laser processing head with a simple configuration comprising the addition of one line laser to the conventional light-section method. The height displacement can be calculated from the projected position shift of the line beams irrespective of the measurement direction by changing the longitudinal position on the crossed line beams according to the measurement direction. In addition, the configuration of our proposed system is compact because the imaging system is integrated into the processing head. We could measure the height displacement at 2.8–4 mm in front of a laser processing spot according to the measurement direction by reducing the influence of intense thermal radiation. Moreover, we experimentally evaluated the height displacement measurement accuracy for various measurement directions. Finally, we evaluated continuous deposition in an “L” shape wherein the deposition direction was changed while using a laser wire direct energy deposition machine for the laser process control based on the in-process height displacement measurement result. We achieved highly accurate continuous deposition at the position wherein the processing direction changes despite the acceleration and deceleration of the stage by laser process control.

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16

Boeckmans, Bart, Min Zhang, Frank Welkenhuyzen, and Jean-Pierre Kruth. "Determination of Aspect Ratio Limitations, Accuracy and Repeatability of a Laser Line Scanning CMM Probe." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 5 (2015): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0466.

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Coordinate measurement machine (CMM) probing techniques can involve direct mechanical contact (e.g., tactile probing) or diverse non-contact principles (e.g., laser line scan probing). For some applications, contact methods are not capable of measuring fast enough to ensure 100% quality controlled parts. A laser line scanning probe uses a laser triangulation-based method to acquire 3D measurement points on a workpiece relative to a sensor. Mounting the sensor in a 3D coordinate frame, e.g., in a CMM provides enough information to fully examine the workpiece. These techniques are most commonly exploited in medical industry and industries involving plate materials. A high data density and measurement speed are significant advantages when measuring free-form surfaces by laser line scanning, making the process much more time-efficient. However, high-precision geometrical features (such as cylinders, spheres, etc.) must be measured for locating and aligning the free-form shapes. The accuracy of the equipment therefore has to be assessed. Probe Maximum Permissible Error (MPEP) values below 10μm have been reported for cutting-edge laser line scanners. This paper compares the major influences on measurements on cylindrical features. First, the aspect-ratio limitations are considered by comparing two inherently different techniques. The stable inspection of reference features is important, while trying to maximize the spatial extent of the measured features. Second, the measurement method is analyzed in two ways: by using a limited sample of the features to increase stability and eliminate interference from neighboring features; by varying the number of scan tracks, which greatly affects the measurement time.

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17

Takahashi, Akira. "Measurement of Long-Term Dimensional Stability of Glass Ceramics Using a High-Precision Line Scale Calibration System." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 2 (2011): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0120.

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Length measurement was conducted for two years on glass ceramics, Zerodur®and Clearceram®, which have a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and on synthetic quartz. Commercially available glass ceramics were used for evaluating long-term stability, or secular change. Synthetic quartz ensured longterm length measurement stability. Two line scales of 300 mm length made of each material for a total of six line scales were simultaneously manufactured and measured to evaluate dimensional stability variation of the materials over time. Measurements were conducted with a line scale calibration systemdeveloped by Nikon. The calibration system is a onedimensional laser interferometer, featuring reduced Abbe’s errors, laser interferometer paths in a vacuum and real-time wavelength calibration of laser frequency using a 633 nm iodine-stabilized He-Ne laser. Long-term quartz stability was 4.3 nm and 5.4 nm (2σ). The yearly stability coefficients of the two glassceramic scales were -0.22 and -0.23 parts per million per year (ppm/yr) for Zerodur and -0.16 and -0.16 ppm/yr for Clearceram. No significant difference in stability between the two scales was observed for Zerodur or Clearceram.

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18

Matsushita, Akihiko, Takuya Hokari, Shun’ichi Kaneko, Hitoshi Ohfuji, and Kaoru Fukuda. "Image Measurement on Curvature Around Seam Line for Motion Control of Laser Welding Robot." International Journal of Automation Technology 4, no. 6 (2010): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2010.p0536.

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Automating robot laser welding requires that the laser irradiation direction and laser focus positioning influencing welding strength are controlled precisely. Since the edge of the welded object can be transformed on processing by such as cutting, bending and grinding, the direct measurement is necessary to control the laser irradiation. Especially, the information of the curvature around the seam line is important because the precision influences the molten direction. The image measurement for curvatures around the seam line derives a three-dimensional approximation of the welded object’s curved surface from core-lines of images of the laser for measurement. By results of experiments the effectiveness and the limitations of our proposal are demonstrated.

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19

Li, Fu Bao, Zhong Ke Li, and Qin Li. "Research on Linear Array CCD Laser Vertical Displacement Measurement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 4095–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.4095.

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The purpose of this study is the use of linear array CCD laser sensors to measure the vertical displacement. In this paper, the laser vertical displacement measurement principle of line array CCD has been discussed, using the vector method to calculate the spherical optical ray tracing, and linear CCD laser collimator lens and camera lens are designed.

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20

Lu, Rong-Sheng, and Gui Yun Tian. "On-line measurement of surface roughness by laser light scattering." Measurement Science and Technology 17, no. 6 (2006): 1496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/17/6/030.

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21

Shack, Roland V. "Measurement of laser diode astigmatism using the beam-line method." Optical Engineering 40, no. 6 (2001): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1369596.

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22

Kim, Yongha, Kwangjin Ko, Sungho Yeon, and Jaemin Kim. "Depth Measurement of Materials Attached to Cylinder Using Line Laser." Journal of Korea Multimedia Society 20, no. 2 (2017): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2017.20.2.225.

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23

Zhou, Zhao-Fei, Tao Zhang, and Wei-Dong Zhou. "Laser profiling system for on-line measurement of superfine surfaces." Applied Optics 41, no. 1 (2002): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.41.000125.

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24

KAJIKI, Masanori, Syuhei KUROKAWA, Terutake HAYASHI, and Kuniharu YAMAMOTO. "Three-dimensional Shape Measurement using Non-contact Line Laser Probe." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2021.74 (2021): F41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2021.74.f41.

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25

Sandak, Jakub, Kazimierz A. Orlowski, Anna Sandak, Daniel Chuchala, and Piotr Taube. "On-Line Measurement of Wood Surface Smoothness." Drvna industrija 71, no. 2 (2020): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2020.1970.

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The latest progress in the field of optics and microelectronics resulted in the development of new generation vision systems capable of scanning surface topography with very high sampling frequencies. The blue color of illuminating light as well as novel systems for controlling ultra-thin laser line thickness allows the measurement of the porous surface of wood with a triangulation method. Three alternative sensors were tested here in order to verify their suitability for the determination of surface topography in the industrial environment. The scanning head was installed at the exit zone of the four-side profiling moulder and was set to scrutinize the wood surface shape line-by-line, immediately after profiling. The sensor was also tested for automatic detection of surface defects appearing on the elements after sanding, wetting and painting with various finishing products. The set of pilot test results is presented, together with an original algorithm for real-time surface defects detection.

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26

Strach, Michal, and Przemyslaw Grabias. "Application of laser scanning technology for structure gauge measurement." Open Geosciences 12, no. 1 (2020): 1653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0056.

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AbstractOne of the basic conditions guaranteeing safe and collision-free operation of rail vehicles is maintaining the structure gauge. Verification of the location of rail infrastructure components is carried out using various measurement techniques. This article describes the accuracy of the gauge measurement with the use of a scanning tachymeter. Tachymetric measurements and laser scanning technology were used in the experimental study of the tram loop area. The analysis covered the possibility of using a point cloud to determine geometrical relationships among the track, traction poles and the overhead line. The quality of the laser scanning data in terms of the measurement frequency, the laser beam angle of incidence per object and the average reflection intensity was examined. Performed verification was based on the data from tachymetric measurements. In the tested area, the track consists of straight sections and several circular arcs of small radii and variable curvature. The specific geometry of the track required calculation of the gauge extension parameters depending on the curve radius. In addition, a horizontal track alignment design was prepared. The designed location of the track and extended dimensions of the structure gauge were used to verify the correct spatial position of the current track in relation to the infrastructure elements.

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27

Gadelshin, Vadim Maratovich, Reinhard Heinke, Tom Kieck, et al. "Measurement of the laser resonance ionization efficiency for lutetium." Radiochimica Acta 107, no. 7 (2019): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2019-3118.

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Abstract The development of a highly efficient resonance ionization scheme for lutetium is presented. A laser ion source, based on the all-solid-state Titanium:sapphire laser system, was used at the 30 keV RISIKO off-line mass separator to characterize different possible optical excitation schemes in respect to their ionization efficiency. The developed laser resonance ionization scheme can be directly applied to the use at radioactive ion beam facilities, e. g. at the CERN-MEDICIS facility, for large-scale production of medical radioisotopes.

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28

Altuntas, C. "LONG LINE CLIFF TOPOGRAPHY MEASUREMENT BY USING STRUCTURE FROM MOTION ALGORITHM IN PHOTOGRAMMETRY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W13 (June 4, 2019): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-5-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The topography of cliffs and steep slopes must be measured to acquire additional information for landscaping, visualizing changes and taking precautions against natural hazards. The Earth topography has been measured predominantly with photogrammetry, terrestrial/aerial laser scanning or other traditional measurement techniques. The stereo photogrammetry necessitates greater effort to obtain a three-dimensional (3D) model of the imaged surface. Meanwhile, terrestrial or aerial laser scanning can collect high-density measurements of spatial data in a short time. However, the costs of implementing laser scanning instruments are very high. Furthermore, conventional measurement techniques that use total stations require immense effort to collect complete 3D measurements of cliffs. On the other hand, dense image based point cloud using multi-view photogrammetry based on structure from motion (SfM) algorithm is much more effective than the others for measuring the Earth topography. In this study, the cliff topography of an old quarry located in the state of Selcuklu of Konya Province in Turkey was measured by multi-view photogrammetry. The cliff has a continuous length of approximately 600 metres and a height of 25 metres in some places. The 3D model of the cliff was generated with the image based dense point cloud of multi-view photogrammetry. Then 3D dense point cloud model was registered into a local georeference system by using control points (CPs). Because of the long line measurement area, number and localization of the CPs is very important for achieving a high-accuracy to registration into georeferenced system. The registration accuracies were evaluated for different number and distribution of the CPs with the residuals on the check points (ChPs). The high accuracy registration was acquired with uniform distributed 3 and 8 CPs as the residuals of 24.08&amp;thinsp;cm and 23.03&amp;thinsp;cm on the ChPs respectively. The results indicated that 3D measurement of long line cliffs can be performed using multi-view photogrammetry, and the registration should be made with the uniform distributed CPs. In addition, a texture-mapped 3D model and orthophoto images of the cliff surfaces were created for detailed visualization.</p>

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29

Wang, Y. S., Juan Juan Wang, J. B. Lei, and Xi Chen Yang. "Study on Measurement of Melting Process of Molten Pool Formed by Laser Scanning Mirror." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.141.

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The profile and temperature distribution of laser molten pool are mainly factors which have directly effect on quality of laser processing (laser melting and laser cladding). It is very necessary to study measurement method of melting process in laser molten poo1 on-line, for improving processing design and inspecting laser processing quality. A system of dynamic process measurement for laser molten pool was developed. The melting process of laser scanning molten pool formed by high power CO2 Laser was measured. Its temperature distribution was analyzed by special analysis software. It was shown that a section of integrated molten pool would come into being in the middle of the laser scanning line spot after a period of scanning time, and then the molten pool got increased in length with the time, and a little increased in width at the same time, the result was consistent with that of computer numerical simulation. Compared with laser focusing spot, laser scanning spot was more uniform in temperature distribution, that could be propitious to improve the quality of laser processing.

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30

Siekański, Piotr, Krzysztof Magda, Krzysztof Malowany, et al. "On-Line Laser Triangulation Scanner for Wood Logs Surface Geometry Measurement." Sensors 19, no. 5 (2019): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051074.

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The paper presents the automated on-line system for wood logs 3D geometry scanning. The system consists of 6 laser triangulation scanners and is able to scan full wood logs which can have the diameter ranging from 250 mm to 500 mm and the length up to 4000 mm. The system was developed as a part of the BIOSTRATEG project aiming to optimize the cutting of logs in the process of wood planks manufacturing by intelligent positioning in sawmill operation. This paper illustrates the detailed description of scanner construction, full measurement process, system calibration and data processing schemes. The full 3D surface geometry of products and their applied portion of selected wood logs formed after cutting out the cant is also demonstrated.

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31

Ha, Taekwang, Jun Ma, Jørgen Blindheim, Torgeir Welo, Geir Ringen, and Jyhwen Wang. "In-line Springback Measurement for Tube Bending Using a Laser System." Procedia Manufacturing 47 (2020): 766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.233.

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32

JIANG, Min, Syuhei KUROKAWA, Terutake HAYASHI, and Yuki UTSUNOMIYA. "The uncertainty evaluation in line laser probe measurement changing probe attitude." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2017.70 (2017): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2017.70.1003.

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33

JIANG, Min, Syuhei KUROKAWA, Terutake HAYASHI, Yuki UTSUNOMIYA, and Syuhei YAMAMOTO. "Influence of micro surface roughness on line laser probe measurement results." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2018.71 (2018): F33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2018.71.f33.

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34

Batur, Celal, Mohamad Hanif Vhora, Miko Cakmak, and Toprak Serhatkulu. "On-line crystallinity measurement using laser Raman spectrometer and neural network." ISA Transactions 38, no. 2 (1999): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0019-0578(99)00012-9.

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35

Alonso, Benjamín, Warein Holgado, and Íñigo J. Sola. "Compact in-line temporal measurement of laser pulses with amplitude swing." Optics Express 28, no. 10 (2020): 15625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.386321.

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36

Ma, Zhenhua, Henk G. Merkus, Hilda G. van der Veen, Melvin Wong, and Brian Scarlett. "On-line Measurement of Particle Size and Shape using Laser Diffraction." Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 18, no. 5/6 (2001): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4117(200112)18:5/6<243::aid-ppsc243>3.0.co;2-4.

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37

Anderson, B., and R. J. Brecha. "Tunable diode laser absorption measurement of oxygen A-band line strengths." Applied Physics B 87, no. 2 (2007): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-007-2581-2.

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38

Avetisov, Viacheslav, Ove Bjoroey, Junyang Wang, Peter Geiser, and Ketil Gorm Paulsen. "Hydrogen Sensor Based on Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy." Sensors 19, no. 23 (2019): 5313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235313.

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A laser-based hydrogen (H2) sensor using wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) was developed for the contactless measurement of molecular hydrogen. The sensor uses a distributed feedback (DFB) laser to target the H2 quadrupole absorption line at 2121.8 nm. The H2 absorption line exhibited weak collisional broadening and strong collisional narrowing effects. Both effects were investigated by comparing measurements of the absorption linewidth with detailed models using different line profiles including collisional narrowing effects. The collisional broadening and narrowing parameters were determined for pure hydrogen as well as for hydrogen in nitrogen and air. The performance of the sensor was evaluated and the sensor applicability for H2 measurement in a range of 0–10 %v of H2 was demonstrated. A precision of 0.02 %v was achieved with 1 m of absorption pathlength (0.02 %v∙m) and 1 s of integration time. For the optimum averaging time of 20 s, precision of 0.005 %v∙m was achieved. A good linear relationship between H2 concentration and sensor response was observed. A simple and robust transmitter–receiver configuration of the sensor allows in situ installation in harsh industrial environments.

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Hellemeier, Joschua A., Domenico Bonaccini Calia, Paul Hickson, Angel Otarola, and Thomas Pfrommer. "Measuring line-of-sight sodium density structure using laser guide stars." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 2 (2020): 2798–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa808.

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ABSTRACT The performance of adaptive optics systems employing sodium laser guide stars can be improved by continuously monitoring the vertical density structure of mesospheric sodium along the line of sight. We demonstrate that sodium density profiles can be retrieved by amplitude modulation of continuous wave (CW) lasers. In an experiment conducted at the Large Zenith Telescope (LZT), ESO’s Wendelstein Raman-fibre laser was amplitude-modulated with a pseudo-random binary sequence and profiles were obtained by cross-correlation of the modulation pattern with the observed return signal from the laser guide star. For comparison, high-resolution profiles were obtained simultaneously using the lidar system of the LZT. The profiles obtained by the two techniques show noise contamination, but were found to agree to within the measurement error. As a further check, a comparison was also made between several lidar profiles and those obtained by simultaneous observations using a remote telescope to image the laser plume from the side. The modulated CW lidar technique could be implemented by diverting a small fraction of the returned laser light to a photon counting detector. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations indicate that, for 50 per cent modulation strength, the sodium centroid altitude could be retrieved every 5 s from a single laser guide star, with an accuracy which would induce a corresponding wavefront error of 50 nm for the Extremely Large Telescope and less than 30 nm for the Thirty Meter Telescope and Giant Magellan Telescope. If multiple laser guide stars are employed, the required modulation amplitude will be smaller.

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Zhou, Yueting, Jianxin Liu, Songjie Guo, et al. "Laser frequency stabilization based on a universal sub-Doppler NICE-OHMS instrumentation for the potential application in atmospheric lidar." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 3 (2019): 1807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1807-2019.

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Abstract. Lidar is an effective tool for high-altitude atmospheric measurement in which a weak absorption line for the target gas is selected to ensure a large optical depth. The laser frequency stabilization to the line center is required, and a sub-Doppler (sD) spectroscopy of the target line is preferred as a frequency reference. In this paper, a novel universal sD noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS) instrumentation based on a fiber-coupled optical single-sideband electro-optic modulator (f-SSM) for the potential application in atmospheric lidar for different target gases with different types of lasers is reported. The f-SSM can replace all frequency actuators in the system, so as to eliminate the individual design of feedback servos that often are tailored for each laser. The universality of the instrumentation was demonstrated by the alternative use of either an Er-doped fiber laser or a whispering-gallery-mode laser. Then the instruments based on both lasers were used to produce the sD signals of acetylene, which worked as a frequency reference to stabilize the laser. By performing the lockings, relative frequency stabilizations of 8.3×10-13 and 7.5×10-13 at an integration time of 240 s were demonstrated.

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Borovkov, Herman, Aitor Garcia de la Yedra, Xabier Zurutuza, et al. "In-Line Height Measurement Technique for Directed Energy Deposition Processes." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 5, no. 3 (2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp5030085.

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Directed energy deposition (DED) is a family of additive manufacturing technologies. With these processes, metal parts are built layer by layer, introducing dynamics that propagate in time and layer-domains, which implies additional complexity and consequently, the resulting part quality is hard to predict. Control of the deposit layer thickness and height is a critical issue since it impacts on geometrical accuracy, process stability, and the overall quality of the product. Therefore, online feedback height control for DED processes with proper sensor strategies is required. This work presents a novel vision-based triangulation technique through an off-axis located CCD camera synchronized with a 640 nm wavelength pulsed illumination laser. Image processing and machine vision techniques allow in-line height measurement right after metal solidification. The linearity and the precision of the proposed setup are validated through off-and in-process trials in the laser metal deposition (LMD) process. Besides, the performance of the developed in-line inspection system has also been tested for the Arc based DED process and compared against experimental weld bead characterization data. In this last case, the system additionally allowed for the measurement of weld bead width and contact angles, which are critical in first runs of multilayer buildups.

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Alykova, Alida, Maria Grigoryeva, Irina Zavestovskaya, and Victor Timoshenko. "Measurement of Silicon Nanoparticles Temperature by Raman Spectroscopy." Journal of Biomedical Photonics & Engineering 7, no. 1 (2021): 010303. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/jbpe21.07.010303.

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The temperature of silicon nanoparticles under laser photo-induced heating is determined from the ratio of the intensities of the Stokes and anti-Stokes components of the Raman scattering. The obtained results of the dependence of nanoparticles temperature on the laser radiation intensity and the temperature dependence of the Raman line position maybe used to determine the optimal regimes of photo-hyperthermia enhanced by silicon nanoparticles for cancer therapy.

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TABIRYAN, N. V., T. VOGELER, T. TSCHUDI, and B. YA ZEL'DOVICH. "ALL-OPTICAL, IN-LINE, UNPERTURBING AND PARALLEL MEASUREMENT OF LASER BEAM INTENSITY WITH TRANSPARENT THIN LAYERS OF LIQUID CRYSTALS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 04, no. 04 (1995): 843–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863595000380.

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It is demonstrated that unique properties of orientational interaction of light with liquid crystals allow for high precision all-optical measurement of laser radiation intensity and determination of the focal spot location and its size. With that, non-absorptive character of the basic interaction phenomenon makes unperturbing measurement schemes feasible and ensures their applicability to high power beams. Large detector area and independent operation of its spatially distinct regions can be utilized to carry out parallel measurements for many beams.

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Ding, Jian Jun, Zhuang De Jiang, Bing Li, and Jun Jie Guo. "Research on the High Precision Laser Line Scanning Measuring System." Key Engineering Materials 339 (May 2007): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.339.131.

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Rapid reverse technology is one of the key technologies with which the enterprises develop new product and occupy the market rapidly. How to realize the reverse measurement and CAD geometry reconstruction rapidly and accurately is always the most important focus for the researchers. Based on the laser scanning technology, the realization principle of the laser line scanning measuring system is presented and the approaches to improve the precision are also analysed in the paper. The self-adaptation adjustment of the probe position can move the light knife image to the optimal imaging area of the CCD according to the calibration result, which will ensure the measurement precision of the CCD image. With the inner velocity loop and outer position loop feedback control, the simple axis position precision of the mechanical system can be controlled within 5um. In order to pick up the points of the light knife centre rationally and exactly, the reconstruction-disperse iteration algorithm is put forward. After processed by different iteration times, the optimal points can be obtained. The reconstruction method of curve and surface based on NURBS is also given. The paper presents the application and realization of the system at last, which realizes the curve and surface measurement with high precision.

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Liu, H. Z., Bing Heng Lu, Y. C. Ding, D. C. Li, Yi Ping Tang, and T. Jin. "A Measurement System for Step Imprint Lithography." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.107.

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A precision 6-degree-of-freedom measurement system has been developed for simultaneous on-line measurements of imprint lithography stage. To successfully accomplish nanometer-scale pattern transfer from mold to resist film on the wafer, two types of positioning methods, static and dynamic, are used in this system. Two laser interferometers, two optical reflection mirrors and special structure on the stage with 3 elastic tracks are employed in this system to detect the positions and rotations of the stage. Through an algorithm, measurements of pitch, yaw and roll motions can be achieved. This system can realize on-line position detecting. Based on adjusting of PZTs, the detecting precision can reach 10nm and ±3 milli-arcsec, respectively. The measuring range can reach 100mm and ±10 arcsec, respectively.

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Lindner, Lars, Oleg Sergiyenko, Moises Rivas-López, et al. "Exact laser beam positioning for measurement of vegetation vitality." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 44, no. 4 (2017): 532–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-11-2016-0297.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a novel application for a newly developed Technical Vision System (TVS), which uses a laser scanner and dynamic triangulation, to determine the vitality of agriculture vegetation. This vision system, installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle, shall measure the reflected laser energy and thereby determine the normalized differenced vegetation index. Design/methodology/approach The newly developed TVS shall be installed on the front part of the unmanned aerial vehicle, to perform line-by-line scan in the vision system field-of-view. The TVS uses high-quality DC motors, instead of previously researched low-quality DC motors, to eliminate the existence of two mutually exclusive conditions, for exact positioning of a DC motor shaft. The use of high-quality DC motors reduces the positioning error after control. Findings Present paper emphasizes the exact laser beam positioning in the field-of-view of a TVS. By use of high-quality instead of low-quality DC motors, a significant reduced positioning time was achieved, maintaining the relative angular position error less than 1 per cent. Best results were achieved, by realizing a quasi-continuous control, using a high pulse-width modulated duty cycle resolution and a high execution frequency of the positioning algorithm. Originality/value The originality of present paper is represented by the novel application of the newly developed TVS in the field of agriculture. The vitality of vegetation shall be determined by measuring the reflected laser energy of a scanned agriculture zone. The paper’s main focus is on the exact laser beam positioning within the TVS field-of-view, using high-quality DC motors in closed-loop position control configuration.

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Stanbridge, A. B., and D. J. Ewins. "Measurement of Translational and Angular Vibration Using a Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometer." Shock and Vibration 3, no. 2 (1996): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1996/737569.

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An experimental procedure for obtaining angular and translational vibration in one measurement, using a continuously scanning laser Doppler vibrometer, is described. Sinusoidal scanning, in a straight line, enables one angular vibration component to be measured, but by circular scanning, two principal angular vibrations and their directions can be derived directly from the frequency response sidebands. Examples of measurements on a rigid cube are given. Processes of narrow-band random excitation and modal analysis are illustrated with reference to measurements on a freely suspended beam. Sideband frequency response references are obtained by using multiplied excitation force and mirror-drive signals.

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Weremijewicz, Karolina, and Andrzej Gajewski. "Measurement Uncertainty Estimation for Laser Doppler Anemometer." Energies 14, no. 13 (2021): 3847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133847.

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Twenty percent of global electricity supplied to the buildings is used for preventing air temperature increase; its consumption for this prevention will triple by 2050 up to China’s present needs. Heat removed from the thermal power plants may drive cold generation in the absorption devices where mass and heat transfer are two-phase phenomena; hence liquid film break-up into the rivulets is extensively investigated, which needs knowledge of the velocity profiles. Laminar flow in a pipe is used in the preliminary study, velocity profile of developed flow is used as a benchmark. The study account writes the applied apparatus with their calibration procedure, and the uncertainty estimation algorithm. The calibration regression line with the slope close to one and a high Pearson’s coefficient value is the final outcome. Therefore, the apparatus may be applied in the principal research.

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Kakirde, Shubham, Shubham Jain, Swaraj Kaondal, Reena Sonkusare, and Rita Das. "Automated Dimension Measurement System." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 5 (2021): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.d2399.0610521.

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In this fast-paced world, it is inevitable that the manual labor employed in industries will be replaced by their automated counterparts. There are a number of existing solutions which deal with object dimensions estimation but only a few of them are suitable for deployment in the industry. The reason being the trade-off between the cost, time for processing, accuracy and system complexity. The proposed system aims to automate the mentioned tasks with the help of a single camera and a line laser module for each conveyor belt setup using laser triangulation method to measure the height and edge detection algorithm for measuring the length and breadth of the object. The minimal use of equipment makes the system simple, power and time efficient. The proposed system has an average error of around 3% in the dimension estimation.

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Yuan, Ru Wang, and Xiu Ming Jiang. "Research on On-Line Detection Technology for Yarn Evenness." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.60.

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This paper compares capacitive and photoelectric method for measuring yarn evenness, and presents a new yarn unevenness on-line measurement system to detecting accurately yarn appearance diameter. By means of researching coefficient of diameter variation and mass variation, the relation model of variation coefficient is established, and the experimental data shows excellent correlation between coefficient of diameter variation and coefficient of mass variation and approximate linear relationship. The laser on-line measurement system of yarn evenness can accurately measure yarn diameter and calculate the coefficient of variation, which is suitable for the production field measurement.

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