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Journal articles on the topic 'Laser Seeker'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Gogoi, Tutul, Rajni Kumar, Joshua Anand Gladwin, and Vivek Goyal. "Testing and Evaluation of High Energy Portable Laser Source used as a Target Designator along with a Laser Seeker." Defence Science Journal 68, no. 5 (September 12, 2018): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.68.12422.

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Precision guided munitions are often driven with the help of a special kind of laser beam, pointing onto the target of interest which can be a ground based stationary target or a moving one. The laser source which is popularly known as target designator is a key element in this and plays a vital role in performing any laser guided bombings. In this paper a testing methodology and evaluation technique is described for such a portable high energy laser source. The parameters of the designator are tested in laboratory environment as well as verified in field conditions. The measured and tested parameters are laser source energy, pulse repetition frequency, laser wavelength accuracy and pulse width. A laser guided bomb seeker is also used to test with and verify different designator parameters specially the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) in field conditions. The PRF is generally set in the seeker manually and the designators are fired onto a target for different PRFs and energy levels. If the PRF of the seeker matches with that of the designator then it locks onto the target and if different it does not. In this experiment one more designator is also fired onto a different target within the field of view of the seeker with the same parameters except the energy level. The seeker changes its position to the target having higher energy density provided pulses are within its detection window.

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2

ZHU, Likun, Fangxiu JIA, Xiaodong JIANG, and Xinglong LI. "Photoelectric detection technology of laser seeker signals." JSEE 30, no. 6 (2019): 1064–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21629/jsee.2019.06.02.

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3

HAN Bing, 韩冰, 武雁熊 WU Yan-xiong, 陈晓苹 CHEN Xiao-ping, 谷立山 GU Li-shan, and 马洪涛 MA Hong-tao. "Structure Design of Laser/Visible Dual-mode Seeker." Chinese Journal of Luminescence 35, no. 11 (2014): 1382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/fgxb20143511.1382.

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4

Ferdjali, Abdellah, Taki Eddine Lechekhab, Stojadin Manojlović, Momir Stanković, Rafal Madonski, and Dimitrije Bujakovic. "Nonlinear Extended State Observer based Active Disturbance Rejection Control of a Laser Seeker System." Defence Science Journal 71, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.71.15798.

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In this paper, the laser seeker control problem is solved in the framework of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC). The considered problem, which consists of laser seeker stabilisation and target tracking, is expressed here as a regulation problem. A nonlinear extended state observer (NESO) with varying gains is used to improve the performance of linear ESO (LESO), and thus enable better control performance in both transient period and steady-state, with lower control effort. Based on a detailed analysis of system disturbances, a special ADRC tuning method is proposed. The stability of the overall control structure is analysed with a description function method. Through comparative simulations LESO-based and the introduced NESO-based ADRC for the laser seeker system, the advantages of the proposed scheme are shown.

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5

Liu Zhiguo, 刘志国, 邱雄 Qiu Xiong, 王仕成 Wang Shicheng, and 王志敏 Wang Zhimin. "Influence of Laser-Seeker Detection Performance on High Repetition Rate Interference Laser." Chinese Journal of Lasers 46, no. 11 (2019): 1101001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201946.1101001.

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6

Xiaobin, ZHOU, SUN Hao, YUAN Qi, LIU Zhaoqing, ZHANG Heng, WEN Jianghua, and WU Yan. "Design of catadioptric infrared/laser compound seeker optical system." Journal of Applied Optics 40, no. 6 (2019): 987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5768/jao201940.0601009.

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7

Chen Yang, 陈. 阳., 杨延丽 Yang Yanli, 孙婷婷 Sun Tingting, 储海荣 Chu Hairong, and 苗锡奎 Miao Xikui. "Error analysis of direct writing calibration system for laser seeker." Infrared and Laser Engineering 48, no. 11 (2019): 1105007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla201948.1105007.

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8

ZHANG Xin, 张鑫, 杜智远 DU Zhi-yuan, 乔彦峰 QIAO Yan-feng, 刘慧 LIU Hui, 白杨 BAI Yang, 朱明超 ZHU Ming-chao, 刘立刚 LIU Li-gang, and 贾宏光 JIA Hong-guang. "Study on linear field of strapdown semi-active laser seeker." Chinese Optics 8, no. 3 (2015): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/co.20150803.0415.

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9

Bae, Minji, Jaehoon Ha, and Heechan Park. "A Study on the Laser Designator for the Missile System Using Semi-Active Laser Seeker." Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology 23, no. 5 (October 5, 2020): 466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.9766/kimst.2020.23.5.466.

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10

Liu, Shuo, Zhiguo Liu, Shicheng Wang, and Xiong Qiu. "Research on Influencing Factors of Detection Accuracy Based on Laser Seeker." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1087 (September 2018): 052039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1087/5/052039.

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11

Pu, Xiaoqin, Yawen Du, and Quanlin Dong. "Design and analysis of optical system of semi-active laser seeker." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1650 (October 2020): 022059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1650/2/022059.

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12

Hu Oulei, 胡欧磊, 王江 Wang Jiang, 林德福 Lin Defu, and 韩丁丁 Han Dingding. "Online compensation method for disturbing torque of laser gimbaled seeker using STUKF." Infrared and Laser Engineering 45, no. 12 (2016): 1217006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla201645.1217006.

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13

Hu Oulei, 胡欧磊, 王江 Wang Jiang, 林德福 Lin Defu, and 韩丁丁 Han Dingding. "Online compensation method for disturbing torque of laser gimbaled seeker using STUKF." Infrared and Laser Engineering 45, no. 12 (2016): 1217006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla20164512.1217006.

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14

Cao, Xiao Bing, Yi Cen Xu, Chang Ying Rui, and Zheng Ya Shan. "Simulation of Trajectory Correction for an Impulse Control Mortar Projectile with a Strapdown Laser Seeker." Applied Mechanics and Materials 367 (August 2013): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.367.377.

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Aiming at improving the precision of mortar projectiles, an impulse control mechanism is proposed in this paper. The guidance uses a four-quadrant strapdown laser seeker to detect the intended target and utilizes impulse thrusters to correct the terminal trajectory. Based on the analysis of impulse forces and impulse moments, the 6-DOF equations for the trajectory under control are deduced. Also, the model of the seeker’s acquisition area is established. Numerical simulations of typical corrected trajectories are carried out with the computer programs developed in C code. The results indicate that the impulse thrusters can improve impact point performance effectively. The models and the control algorithms are applicable to the simulation and calculation for similar projectiles.

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15

Li, Xing Long, Xiao Ming Wang, Wen Jin Yao, and Ji Yan Yu. "Optimization of Launching Angle Base on the Acquisition Probability for Laser Semi-Active Terminal Correction Projectile." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.209.

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In order to improve the acquisition probability for laser semi-active terminal correction projectile, the scheme of optimizing launch angle is proposed, the mathematical model of the strapdown seeker laser detector and the capture field model of target is established, and the scheme is verified by Monte Carlo ballistic simulation method. The results show that the scheme of optimizing launch angle improves the target acquisition probability, and will be of important significance to firing table modifying of laser semi-active terminal correction projectile.

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16

Xiong Qiu, 邱雄, 王仕成 Shicheng Wang, 刘志国 Zhiguo Liu, and 徐炜波 Weibo Xu. "Modeling research on angle measurement accuracy of four-quadrant detector of laser seeker." Infrared and Laser Engineering 49, no. 7 (2020): 20190453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla.2019-0453.

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17

Xiong Qiu, 邱雄, 王仕成 Shicheng Wang, 刘志国 Zhiguo Liu, and 徐炜波 Weibo Xu. "Modeling research on angle measurement accuracy of four-quadrant detector of laser seeker." Infrared and Laser Engineering 49, no. 7 (2020): 20190453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla20190453.

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18

Xu, Wei Dong, An Wang, Zhen Jian Lv, Heng Liu, and Jian Hua Wu. "Preliminary Study of Multiband Smokescreen’s Interference with TV Guidance." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 1235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.1235.

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Precision guided weapons played important roles in war. For disturbing the guidance of laser, thermal infrared and TV, the Interference camouflage smoke material covering the visible light, thermal infrared and millimeter wave band, was studied in this paper. Meanwhile, the effects of combustion’s multi-band interference camouflage were proved in the experiment. And based on the calculation model of TV guidance seeker range, the analysis of multiband smokescreen camouflage interference effect was provided.

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19

Huo Xin, 霍. 鑫., 吴瑷菁 Wu Aijing, 王孟渝 Wang Mengyu, and 邢宝祥 Xing Baoxiang. "Time-varying periodic disturbance suppression of laser seeker testing system based on spatial iterative learning control." Infrared and Laser Engineering 48, no. 9 (2019): 913002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla201948.0913002.

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20

Zhou, Wenbin, Chunxi Zhang, Siyuan Wang, and Longjun Ran. "Design and achievement of hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for strapdown semi-active laser seeker." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 793 (April 10, 2020): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/793/1/012065.

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21

Zheng, Yongbin, Huimin Chen, and Zongtan Zhou. "Angle Measurement of Objects outside the Linear Field of View of a Strapdown Semi-Active Laser Seeker." Sensors 18, no. 6 (May 23, 2018): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18061673.

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22

Wang, Heng-Kun, Guan-Nan Li, Long Shi, Hong-Qi Wang, Yu-Shuai Zhang, Jia-Qi Zhou, Xing-Yang Liu, Xin-Yu Zhuang, Xu-Dong Han, and Zhao-Bing Chen. "Excluding Water Characteristics of Fairing Materials for Seeker Based on Giant Pulse Energy Medium Wave Infrared Laser." Science of Advanced Materials 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 1291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2019.3412.

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23

Zhang, Mingyue, Yongliang Guan, and Weiwei Zhao. "Adaptive super-twisting sliding mode control for stabilization platform of laser seeker based on extended state observer." Optik 199 (December 2019): 163337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163337.

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24

Senthil Kumar, S., and G. Anitha. "A Novel Self-Tuning Fuzzy Logic-Based PID Controllers for Two-Axis Gimbal Stabilization in a Missile Seeker." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2021 (January 13, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8897556.

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Tracking a target is an essential function of a seeker for missiles. The target tracking mechanism of a seeker consists of gimbals, mounted with gyroscopes, and an antenna or some other energy receiving devices such as radar, infrared (IR), or laser. Stabilization of such a gimbal is necessary for any guided missile to maintain the tracking device always pointing towards the target. For the stabilization of the gimbal system, several control methods have been employed for making the gimbal to follow an input rate command by eliminating all the gimbal disturbances. Here, a new self-tuning fuzzy logic-based proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controller is introduced for the stabilization of a two-axis gimbal for a manoeuvring guided missile. The proposed control method involves tuning the gains of the PID controller based on the fuzzy logic rule bases considering the missile body rotation. The performance of the stabilization loops has been verified through MATLAB simulations for fuzzy logic-based PID controller compared with the conventional PID controller. The simulation results show the response of the gimbal system with stabilization loops met the control requirements with fuzzy PID controllers but not with conventional PID controllers.

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25

Chen, Zhaobing, Kui Shi, Ning Chen, Long Shi, Xinyu Zhuang, Jiaqi Zhou, Yushuai Zhang, Hongqi Wang, Xingyang Liu, and Guannan Li. "The experimental study about laser-induced dizziness effect of medium-wave infrared seeker which based on image processing." Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 59 (February 2019): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2018.12.044.

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26

Junxuan Zhang, Junxuan Zhang, Xiaolei Zhu Xiaolei Zhu, Xiuhua Ma Xiuhua Ma, Huaguo Zang Huaguo Zang, Shiguang Li Shiguang Li, Suyong Yin Suyong Yin, and and Weibiao Chen and Weibiao Chen. "Stable seeder-injected Nd:YAG pulsed laser using a RbTiOPO4 phase modulator." Chinese Optics Letters 13, no. 11 (2015): 111404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.111404.

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27

Belikova, Ksenia Michailovna. "Trends and prospects for the development and implementation of artificial intelligence in the military sphere in South Africa." Право и политика, no. 9 (September 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2021.9.36076.

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The subject of this research is the trends and prospects for the development and implementation of artificial intelligence in the military sphere of one of the BRICS member-states – South Africa in the context of national acts (for example, the Law of 2008 “On the Right of Intellectual Property for State-Funded Research and Development”), the potential and needs of this country, as well as achievements in design and manufacturing of unmanned aerial vehicles by the competitor companies (Seeker 400, MA 380, etc.). The relevance of this topic is substantiated by timely consideration of the legal perspective of the approaches of South Africa towards the implementation of artificial intelligence. The scientific novelty of this article is defined by the focus of research and the acquired results. It is determined that South Africa takes the path of institutional, legal and practical consolidation of the development of artificial intelligence in form of creation of designated infrastructure (on the premises of the universities, for example, Intelligent Systems Group at the University of Pretoria), as startups, scientific network structures (Center for Artificial Intelligence Research), etc. It is demonstrated that South Africa is the manufacturer and seller of the line of unmanned aerial vehicles that are controlled by the artificial intelligence and capable of performing various civil or military tasks –  from moving cargo (including laser-guided bombs) to monitoring the territory (search and rescue or reconnaissance operations, damage assessment from natural disasters or combat operations, control conduct of fire at enemy positions, etc.).

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28

Murphy, James B., and Xijie Wang. "Laser-Seeded Free-Electron Lasers at the NSLS." Synchrotron Radiation News 21, no. 1 (February 7, 2008): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08940880701863947.

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29

Wei Yang, Wei Yang, Lin Zhou Lin Zhou, Shitong Long Shitong Long, Wencui Peng Wencui Peng, Jin Wang Jin Wang, and Mingsheng Zhan Mingsheng Zhan. "Time-division-multiplexing laser seeded amplification in a tapered amplifier." Chinese Optics Letters 13, no. 1 (2015): 011401–11404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.011401.

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30

Parmigiani, Fulvio, and Daniel Ratner. "Seeded Free-Electron Lasers and Free-Electron Laser Applications." Synchrotron Radiation News 29, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2016.1174035.

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31

Song, Lihui, Alison Wenham, Sisi Wang, Phillip Hamer, Mohammad Shakil Ahmmed, Brett Hallam, Ly Mai, et al. "Laser Enhanced Hydrogen Passivation of Silicon Wafers." International Journal of Photoenergy 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/193892.

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The application of lasers to enable advanced hydrogenation processes with charge state control is explored. Localised hydrogenation is realised through the use of lasers to achieve localised illumination and heating of the silicon material and hence spatially control the hydrogenation process. Improvements in minority carrier lifetime are confirmed in the laser hydrogenated regions using photoluminescence (PL) imaging. However with inappropriate laser settings a localised reduction in minority carrier lifetime can result. It is observed that high illumination intensities and rapid cooling are beneficial for achieving improvements in minority carrier lifetimes through laser hydrogenation. The laser hydrogenation process is then applied to finished screen-printed solar cells fabricated on seeded-cast quasi monocrystalline silicon wafers. The passivation of dislocation clusters is observed with clear improvements in quantum efficiency, open circuit voltage, and short circuit current density, leading to an improvement in efficiency of 0.6% absolute.

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32

Yixuan Zhang, Yixuan Zhang, Chunqing Gao Chunqing Gao, Qing Wang Qing Wang, Quanxin Na Quanxin Na, Meng Zhang Meng Zhang, Mingwei Gao Mingwei Gao, and Shuai Huang Shuai Huang. "1 kHz single-frequency, injection-seeded Er:YAG laser with an optical feedback." Chinese Optics Letters 17, no. 3 (2019): 031402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201917.031402.

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33

Pei, Wenxi, Hao Li, Wei Huang, Meng Wang, and Zefeng Wang. "All-Fiber Gas Raman Laser by D2-Filled Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers." Photonics 8, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8090382.

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We report here an all-fiber structure tunable gas Raman laser based on deuterium-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs). An all-fiber gas cavity is fabricated by fusion splicing a 49 m high-pressure deuterium-filled HC-PCF with two solid-core single-mode fibers at both ends. When pumped with a pulsed fiber amplifier seeded by a tunable laser diode at 1.5 μm, Raman lasers ranging from 1643 nm to 1656 nm are generated. The maximum output power is ~1.2 W with a Raman conversion efficiency of ~45.6% inside the cavity. This work offers an alternative choice for all-fiber lasers operating at 1.6–1.7 μm band.

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34

Bruchon, Niky, Gianfranco Fenu, Giulio Gaio, Marco Lonza, Finn Henry O’Shea, Felice Andrea Pellegrino, and Erica Salvato. "Basic Reinforcement Learning Techniques to Control the Intensity of a Seeded Free-Electron Laser." Electronics 9, no. 5 (May 9, 2020): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050781.

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Optimal tuning of particle accelerators is a challenging task. Many different approaches have been proposed in the past to solve two main problems—attainment of an optimal working point and performance recovery after machine drifts. The most classical model-free techniques (e.g., Gradient Ascent or Extremum Seeking algorithms) have some intrinsic limitations. To overcome those limitations, Machine Learning tools, in particular Reinforcement Learning (RL), are attracting more and more attention in the particle accelerator community. We investigate the feasibility of RL model-free approaches to align the seed laser, as well as other service lasers, at FERMI, the free-electron laser facility at Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste. We apply two different techniques—the first, based on the episodic Q-learning with linear function approximation, for performance optimization; the second, based on the continuous Natural Policy Gradient REINFORCE algorithm, for performance recovery. Despite the simplicity of these approaches, we report satisfactory preliminary results, that represent the first step toward a new fully automatic procedure for the alignment of the seed laser to the electron beam. Such an alignment is, at present, performed manually.

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35

Zhang, Kong, Jun He, and Junmin Wang. "Single-Pass Laser Frequency Conversion to 780.2 nm and 852.3 nm Based on PPMgO:LN Bulk Crystals and Diode-Laser-Seeded Fiber Amplifiers." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 17, 2019): 4942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224942.

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We report the preparation of a 780.2 nm and 852.3 nm laser device based on single-pass periodically poled magnesium-oxide-doped lithium niobate (PPMgO:LN) bulk crystals and diode-laser-seeded fiber amplifiers. First, a single-frequency continuously tunable 780.2 nm laser of more than 600 mW from second-harmonic generation (SHG) by a 1560.5 nm laser can be achieved. Then, a 250 mW light at 852.3 nm is generated and achieves an overall conversion efficiency of 4.1% from sum-frequency generation (SFG) by mixing the 1560.5 nm and 1878.0 nm lasers. The continuously tunable range of 780.2 nm and 852.3 nm are at least 6.8 GHz and 9.2 GHz. By employing this laser system, we can conveniently perform laser cooling, trapping and manipulating both rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) atoms simultaneously. This system has promising applications in a cold atoms Rb-Cs two-component interferemeter and in the formation of the RbCs dimer by the photoassociation of cold Rb and Cs atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap.

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36

Fekrazad, Reza, Mohammad Moharrami, and Nasim Chiniforush. "The Esthetic Crown Lengthening by Er;Cr:YSGG laser: A Case Series." Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 9, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jlms.2018.50.

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Introduction: Laser technology as a new modality in dentistry has gained special attention. Among different types of lasers, erbium lasers have gained special attention for management of oral soft and hard tissue simultaneously. This study presents series of cases of crown lengthening (CL) and restorations accomplished by erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG). Case Reports: Seven patients were selected for this study. After complete oral examination and diagnosis, the treatment plan of each patient was designed. All cases needed esthetic CL. In some cases, frenum revision and class V cavity preparation was done by Er;Cr:YSGG laser. All patients treated with Er;Cr:YSGG laser producing a wavelength of 2780 nm (Biolase, Irvine, California, USA); Tip T4, 400 µm Diameter for soft tissue management and Tip G6, 6 mm long, 600 µm diameter for hard tissue management. Results: All patients reflected acceptable results based on clinical evaluation and patients’ declaration of post-surgical status. Conclusion: Using Er;Cr:YSGG laser in class v cavity preparation and flapless CL seemed to be effective and beneficial.

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37

Kimura, W. D., N. E. Andreev, M. Babzien, I. Ben-Zvi, D. B. Cline, C. E. Dilley, S. C. Gottschalk, et al. "Inverse free electron lasers and laser wakefield acceleration driven by CO 2 lasers." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1840 (January 24, 2006): 611–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1726.

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The staged electron laser acceleration (STELLA) experiment demonstrated staging between two laser-driven devices, high trapping efficiency of microbunches within the accelerating field and narrow energy spread during laser acceleration. These are important for practical laser-driven accelerators. STELLA used inverse free electron lasers, which were chosen primarily for convenience. Nevertheless, the STELLA approach can be applied to other laser acceleration methods, in particular, laser-driven plasma accelerators. STELLA is now conducting experiments on laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA). Two novel LWFA approaches are being investigated. In the first one, called pseudo-resonant LWFA, a laser pulse enters a low-density plasma where nonlinear laser/plasma interactions cause the laser pulse shape to steepen, thereby creating strong wakefields. A witness e -beam pulse probes the wakefields. The second one, called seeded self-modulated LWFA, involves sending a seed e -beam pulse into the plasma to initiate wakefield formation. These wakefields are amplified by a laser pulse following shortly after the seed pulse. A second e -beam pulse (witness) follows the seed pulse to probe the wakefields. These LWFA experiments will also be the first ones driven by a CO 2 laser beam.

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38

Zhang, Kaiqing, Tao Liu, Zheng Qi, Xiaoxi Fu, Chao Feng, Haixiao Deng, and Bo Liu. "Extending the Photon Energy Coverage of a Seeded Free-Electron Laser via Reverse Taper Enhanced Harmonic Cascade." Photonics 8, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8020044.

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External seeded free-electron lasers (FELs) hold promising prospects for producing intense coherent radiation at high harmonics of a conventional laser. The practical harmonic up-conversion efficiencies of current seeding techniques are limited by various three-dimensional effects on the electron beam. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to extend the wavelength coverage of a seeded FEL by combining the reverse taper undulator with the echo-enabled harmonic generation. The proposed technique can significantly enhance the bunching at ultra-high harmonics and preserve the electron beam qualities from degradation by deleterious effects. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are performed, and the results demonstrate that stable, intense, nearly fully coherent FEL pulses with photon energy up to 1 keV can be generated. The proposed technique may open up new opportunities to obtain laser-like pulses at sub-nanometer wavelength.

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39

Stepnitz, Abigail. "Refuge Beyond Reach: How Rich Countries Repel Asylum Seekers. By David ScottFitzGerald. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019." Law & Society Review 53, no. 4 (November 22, 2019): 1388–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12448.

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40

Yongfei Gao, Yongfei Gao, Junxuan Zhang Junxuan Zhang, Huaguo Zang Huaguo Zang, Xiaolei Zhu Xiaolei Zhu, Yingjie Yu Yingjie Yu, and and Weibiao Chen and Weibiao Chen. "Stable single-mode operation of injection-seeded Q-switched Nd:YAG laser by sine voltage modulation." Chinese Optics Letters 14, no. 7 (2016): 071401–71404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201614.071401.

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41

Townes, Charles H. "Optical and Infrared Seti." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 161 (January 1997): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100015128.

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When in 1959 Cocconi and Morrison first suggested communication with extraterrestrial intelligence and showed it could be done in the microwave region, there were no lasers. In addition, since the hydrogen line at 21 centimeters was the only astronomical line known at that time in the microwave region, it seemed unique and the obvious place to look. Only one year later, however, the laser came along and shortly after that the use of lasers for SETI could also be suggested (Schwartzet al., 1961). And still later, a number of important microwave lines at various frequencies were detected from interstellar clouds, making a choice of frequency less obvious.The first laser was built in 1960. But the laser perhaps came along unnecessarily late; there is no principle of science or technology involved in lasers that was not understood as early as the 1920s. One can find an early discussion by Tolman (1924), for example, about so-called «negative absorption,» produced by molecules in excited states. At that time, the coherence of stimulated radiation was not completely clear, but Tolman said it was probably coherent, even though that it had not yet been mathematically proven. In a few years, it was proven and so all the principles were known. Lasers could indeed have been invented at that time, even though their variety would have been limited because solid state physics and infrared spectroscopy were not very far along.

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Balenović, Ivan, Giorgio Alberti, and Hrvoje Marjanović. "Airborne Laser Scanning - the Status and Perspectives for the Application in the South-East European Forestry." South-east European forestry 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 59–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15177/seefor.13-07.

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PACZKOWSKA, MARTA, JAROSŁAW SELECH, and ADAM PIASECKI. "EFFECT OF SURFACE TREATMENT ON ABRASIVE WEAR RESISTANCE OF SEEDER COULTER FLAP." Surface Review and Letters 23, no. 03 (May 3, 2016): 1650007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x16500074.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the surface condition of the coulters of a Poznaniak mechanical seeder working in a sand medium on their abrasive wear resistance. Two types of coulter flap surface treatments were performed. The first treatment method was flame spraying, performed with the use of Eutalloy 10112 powder and other method was laser surface modification consisting in remelting a piece of the coulter flap tip by means of TRUMPF’s CO2 molecular laser. The study involved the use of a purpose-built laboratory test stand dedicated to testing wear in a sandy medium. The study revealed that surface treatment changes surface microstructure and thus improves its hardness by [Formula: see text] to 3 times, which translates into two- to six-fold improvement in wear resistance per hectare of cultivated field. Laser surface modification is more economical than thermal spraying and that the coulter flap surface area modified by thermal spraying was much greater than in the case of laser remelting, and finally that the average wear measured as a weight loss of tested coulters was comparable, one can conclude that in the analyzed context laser surface modification will probably prove more efficient than flame spraying. The study showed that there exist ready-to-use technologies for improving operational performance and delaying terminal wear.

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Wang, Guanglei, Chao Feng, Tong Zhang, Dong Wang, and Haixiao Deng. "Study on the seed laser phase error multiplication in seeded free electron lasers." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 737 (February 2014): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.11.020.

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M. A. Shemis, M. A. Shemis, A. M. Ragheb A. M. Ragheb, E. Alkhazraji E. Alkhazraji, M. A. Esmail M. A. Esmail, H. Fathallah H. Fathallah, S. Alshebeili S. Alshebeili, and M. Z. M. Khan M. Z. M. Khan. "Self-seeded quantum-dash laser based 5 m–128 Gb/s indoor free-space optical communication." Chinese Optics Letters 15, no. 10 (2017): 100604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201715.100604.

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Ainsworth, M. D., A. C. J. Glover, and J. A. Piper. "Fixed-wavelength operation of a copper-laser-pumped dye laser injection seeded by low-power He–Ne lasers." Applied Optics 34, no. 27 (September 20, 1995): 6108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.34.006108.

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M. A. Shemis, M. A. Shemis, A. M. Ragheb A. M. Ragheb, E. Alkhazraji E. Alkhazraji, M. A. Esmail M. A. Esmail, H. Fathallah H. Fathallah, S. Alshebeili S. Alshebeili, and M. Z. M. Khan M. Z. M. Khan. "Self-seeded quantum-dash laser based 5 m-128 Gb/s indoor free-space optical communication: erratum." Chinese Optics Letters 15, no. 12 (2017): 123501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201715.123501.

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Labat, M., S. Bielawski, A. Loulergue, S. Corde, M.-E. Couprie, and E. Roussel. "Interferometry for full temporal reconstruction of laser-plasma accelerator-based seeded free electron lasers." New Journal of Physics 22, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 013051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ab6878.

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De Benedetti, Giacomo, and Andrea Brancaccio. "Corneal Deposit of Ciprofloxacin after Laser Assisted Subepithelial Keratomileusis Procedure: A Case Report." Journal of Ophthalmology 2010 (2010): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/296034.

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Purpose. To report one case of corneal antibiotic deposition after ciprofloxacin administration in Laser Assisted Subepithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK).Methods. One case of post-LASEK treatment resulted in corneal precipitates and poor wound healing. Debris was analyzed with dark field microscopy and placed on a blood-agar plate seeded with a susceptible stain ofStaphylococcus aureus(ATCC 29213).Results. The alterations resolved with discontinuation of ciprofloxacin treatment, although some residual deposits persisted subepithelially for 6 months. Analysis of precipitates revealed polydisperse crystalline needles of 183 m average length ( m) and the excised precipitate demonstrated a zone of inhibition.Conclusions. Fluoroquinolone antibiotic drops have been used extensively in postsurgical treatment of refractive surgery. Corneal precipitates have been previously reported in the literature, but up to now nothing has been documented after LASEK. Polypharmacy during refractive surgery may impair epithelialisation, and clinical management should reduce toxic environment and promote ocular surface stability when performing surface ablations.

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Uzan, Audrey, Paul Chiron, Frédéric Panthier, Mattieu Haddad, Laurent Berthe, Olivier Traxer, and Steeve Doizi. "Comparison of Holmium:YAG and Thulium Fiber Lasers on the Risk of Laser Fiber Fracture." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 2960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132960.

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Objectives: To compare the risk of laser fiber fracture between Ho:YAG laser and Thulium Fiber Laser (TFL) with different laser fiber diameters, laser settings, and fiber bending radii. METHODS: Lengths of 200, 272, and 365 μm single use fibers were used with a 30 W Ho:YAG laser and a 50 W Super Pulsed TFL. Laser fibers of 150 µm length were also tested with the TFL only. Five different increasingly smaller bend radii were tested: 1, 0.9, 0.75, 0.6, and 0.45 cm. A total of 13 different laser settings were tested for the Ho:YAG laser: six fragmentation settings with a short pulse duration, and seven dusting settings with a long pulse duration. A total of 33 different laser settings were tested for the TFL. Three laser settings were common two both lasers: 0.5 J × 12 Hz, 0.8 J × 8 Hz, 2 J × 3 Hz. The laser was activated for 5 min or until fiber fracture. Each measurement was performed ten times. Results: While fiber failures occurred with all fiber diameters with Ho:YAG laser, none were reported with TFL. Identified risk factors of fiber fracture with the Ho:YAG laser were short pulse and high energy for the 365 µm fibers (p = 0.041), but not for the 200 and 272 µm fibers (p = 1 and p = 0.43, respectively). High frequency was not a risk factor of fiber fracture. Fiber diameter also seemed to be a risk factor of fracture. The 200 µm fibers broke more frequently than the 272 and 365 µm ones (p = 0.039). There was a trend for a higher number of fractures with the 365 µm fibers compared to the 272 µm ones, these occurring at a larger bend radius, but this difference was not significant. Conclusion: TFL appears to be a safer laser regarding the risk of fiber fracture than Ho:YAG when used with fibers in a deflected position.

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