Journal articles: 'Laser Surface Alloying'

1

Draper, C. W., and J. M. Poate. "Laser surface alloying." International Materials Reviews 30, no. 1 (January 1985): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/imr.1985.30.1.85.

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Draper, C. W., and J. M. Poate. "Laser surface alloying." International Metals Reviews 30, no. 1 (January 1985): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/imtr.1985.30.1.85.

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3

Almeida, A., and R. Vilar. "Laser surface alloying of aluminium-transition metal alloys." Revista de Metalurgia 34, no. 2 (April 30, 1998): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.1998.v34.i2.672.

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4

Shelyagin, V. D., L. I. Markashova, V. Yu Khaskin, A. V. Bernatsky, and O. S. Kushnaryova. "Laser and laser-microplasma alloying of surface of 38KhN3MFA steel specimens." Paton Welding Journal 2014, no. 2 (February 28, 2014): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2014.02.03.

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5

Brytan, Zbigniew, and Wojciech Pakieła. "Laser Surface Treatment of Sintered Stainless Steels for Wear Resistance Enhancement." Key Engineering Materials 813 (July 2019): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.221.

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In the present study, sintered austenitic stainless steel type 316L was laser surface alloyed with Inconel 625 powder by the fibre optic laser. The Inconel 625 spheroidal powder of grain size 60-150 μm was introduced by the coaxial feeding head directly to the liquid metal, during laser surface alloying. The process parameters were selected to melt and fully dissolve alloying powder into the alloyed surface. As a result of laser alloying, the porosity of sintered stainless steel was eliminated, a uniform distribution of nickel and molybdenum in the entire alloyed zone was obtained. The alloyed surface shows fully austenitic microstructure of 17%Cr, 18%Ni, 3%Mo. The superficial hardness, microhardness and surface wear resistance were significantly improved in respect to an untreated substrate material. The presented technique of laser surface alloying can be easily applied for sintered austenitic stainless steel components where selected component surfaces require an improved surface performance.

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McCay, M. H., C. M. Sharp, J. A. Hopkins, B. Szapiro, and T. D. McCay. "Plasma assisted laser surface alloying." Journal of Laser Applications 15, no. 2 (May 2003): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.1536644.

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Kisina, Yu B., A. D. Barsukov, and I. R. Shlyapina. "Laser surface alloying of silumin." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 37, no. 2 (February 1995): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01157045.

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Draper, C. W. "Laser surface alloying of gold." Gold Bulletin 19, no. 1 (March 1986): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03214638.

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9

Kotarska, Aleksandra. "The Laser Alloying Process of Ductile Cast Iron Surface with Titanium." Metals 11, no. 2 (February 6, 2021): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020282.

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The article presents the results of the laser alloying process of ductile cast iron EN-GJS 350-22 surface with titanium. The laser alloying process was conducted on 2 kW high power diode laser (HPDDL) Rofin Sinar DL02 with rectangular focus and uniform power density distribution in the focus axis. The laser alloying was conducted with constant laser beam power and processing speed with titanium powder feed rate variation. The tests of the produced surface layers included macrostructure and microstructure observations, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, Vickers hardness, and solid particle erosion according to ASTM G76-04 standard. To assess the erosion mechanism, SEM observations of worn surfaces after erosive test were carried out. As a result of laser alloying of a ductile cast iron surface, the in situ metal-matrix composite structure was formed with TiC reinforcing particles. The microstructure change resulted in the increase of surface layers hardness and erosion resistance in comparison to the base material.

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Radziejewska, J. "Surface Layer Morphology Due to Laser Alloying Process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 220, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440505x32931.

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The results of experimental research on the influence of laser alloying parameters on the structure and chemical composition are presented. The alloying process was performed with a continuous CO2 laser, of a 2.5 kW power, at different densities of energy and different interaction times of beam on material. The experiments were done on carbon steel, which was alloyed with powders of tungsten carbide and cobalt stellite. The microstructure, the distribution of alloyed elements, and the microhardness of the surface layer were studied after a laser alloying process. It was shown that alloying layer morphology depends on the laser alloying parameters, especially on interaction time. The research has verified that the motion process of liquid material determines the alloyed layer morphology and indicates a necessity to take into account the convection process.

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Turcan, Olga, Daniel Constantin Comeagă, Octavian Donţu, and Ionelia Voiculescu. "Improvement of Low Carbon Steel ST37-2 by Laser Surface Alloying with Metallic Powders." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.250.

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Local surface alloying of metallic materials by laser is an issue of interest in the scientific world and materials engineering. Laser surface alloying technology allows diffusion of alloying elements which add special features into the surface of a base material with modest properties but a low price. This paper presents the results of experimental research regarding the process of alloying on steel ST37-2 and the effects obtained after laser surface alloying.

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Bonek, Mirosław, Grzegorz Matula, and Leszek Adam Dobrzański. "Effect of Laser Surface Melting on Structure and Properties of a High Speed Tool Steel." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1365.

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The purpose of this research paper is focused on the high speed steel surface layers improvement properties using HPDL laser. The paper present laser surface technologies, investigation of structure and properties of the high speed steel alloying with carbides using high power diode laser HPDL. Investigation indicate the influence of the alloying carbides on the structure and properties of the surface layer of investigated steel depending on the kind of alloying carbides and power implemented laser (HPDL). In the effect of laser alloying with powder of carbides occurs size reduction of microstructure as well as dispersion hardening through fused in but partially dissolved carbides and consolidation through enrichment of surface layer in alloying additions coming from dissolving carbides. Introduced particles of carbides and in part remain undissolved, creating conglomerates being a result of fusion of undissolved powder grains into molten metal base. The structural mechanism was determined of surface layers development, effect was studied of alloying parameters, gas protection method, and thickness of paste layer applied onto the steel surface on structure refinement and influence of these factors on the mechanical properties of surface layer, and especially on its hardness, abrasive wear resistance, and roughness. It has the important cognitive significance and gives grounds to the practical employment of these technologies for forming the surfaces of new tools and regeneration of the used ones.

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Istomin, A. B., and V. B. Kozlov. "The effectiveness of laser treatment." Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2010-06.

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Laser heat treatment and laser alloying are new surface hardening processes. The efficiency of laser surface treatment is due to the high energy flux density, locality of impact, and the possibility of contactless energy transfer to the processing area. As a result of Laser heat treatment and laser alloying, metals and alloys acquire high physical and mechanical properties in local volumes that are unattainable with traditional methods of hardening. Laser heat treatment and laser alloying are most widely used for parts that work under conditions of sliding friction, abrasive and erosive wear. At present, the principal possibility is shown and the technological basis for laser heat treatment and surface alloying of most steels is formulated.

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Dudek, Agata, Barbara Lisiecka, Norbert Radek, Łukasz J. Orman, and Jacek Pietraszek. "Laser Surface Alloying of Sintered Stainless Steel." Materials 15, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 6061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15176061.

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A characteristic feature of sintered stainless steel (SSS) is its porosity. Porosity results in a lower density of steel, making attractive components for producing lightweight structures and materials used in industry (e.g., the automotive industry or aerospace). Scientists also observe that porosity adversely affects steel’s properties, especially its strength properties. One of the proposals for improving the discussed properties is the use of surface treatment of sintered stainless steels, e.g., with the use of concentrated energy sources such as plasma beams or laser beams. However, this proposal is an incidental subject of research, which is not justified from the point of view of the obtained research results presented by a few research groups. In this study, the surface modification (surface treatment) of sintered stainless steel was presented. The authors proposed the use of two surface treatments in order to compare them and obtain the best results. The first treatment was the deposit of Cr3C2–NiCr coatings on SSS surfaces using the atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) method. The second treatment was to create surface layers on SSSs by laser alloying the surface with a CO2 laser. Due to high precision and ease of automation, the most common methods in surface alloying treatment are laser technologies. This research’s main aim was to analyze the microstructure and strength properties of the SSS surface layer. The research confirms that applying the Cr3C2–NiCr coating and modifying the surface layer through the laser alloying method improves the mechanical properties of SSSs.

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15

Piasecki, A., M. Kotkowiak, and M. Kulka. "The effect of CaF2 and BaF2 solid lubricants on wear resistance of laserborided 100CrMnSi6-4 bearing steel." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 86 (July 1, 2017): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4869.

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Purpose: In this paper, laser alloying with boron and solid lubricants was used in order to produce the self-lubricating layer on 100CrMnSi6-4 bearing steel. The influence of CaF2 and BaF2 on microstructure, hardness, chemical and phase composition as well as wear resistance of the layers was studied. Design/methodology/approach: The two-step process was used during laser alloying. First, the surface of the specimen was coated by a paste with alloying material. The alloying material consisted of the mixture of amorphous boron and self-lubricating additions (CaF2 and BaF2). Next, the surface was re-melted by a laser beam using TRUMPF TLF 2600 Turbo CO2 laser. The laser beam power 1.43 kW was used for laser alloying. The layer was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, microhardness tester. The dry sliding wear behaviour of the layer was investigated using the Amsler type wear test. Findings: The tribofilm, consisting of solid lubricants, was observed on the worn surfaces of laser-alloyed layers. It caused an increase in the wear resistance at room temperature. The presence of calcium fluoride and barium fluoride was confirmed in laser-alloyed layers using XRD and X-ray microanalysis by EDS method. Practical implications: Laser surface modification with solid lubricants had the important cognitive significance and gives grounds to the practical employment of this technology for reducing the abrasive wear. Originality/value: The wear mechanism of surface layer with solid lubricants was determined. The produced layer with laser alloying layers of boron and solid lubricant (CaF2 or BaF2) was compared.

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16

Rawers, J., W. Reitz, S. Bullard, and E. K. Roub. "Surface and Corrosion Study of Laser-Processed Zirconium Alloys." Corrosion 47, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 769–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3585187.

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Abstract Reactor Grade Zirconium (Zircaloy-2) was laser-glazed and laser-alloyed with nickel (Ni) or chromium (Cr) powders. Laser alloying produced a surface that was macroscopically, chemically homogeneous. However, at the microscopic level the melt zone was a mixture of microcrystalline pure zirconium (Zr) and extremely fine grain, or possibly amorphous, solid solution regions of Zr and alloying elements. Corrosion tests (potentiodynamic and long-term immersion) were conducted in 10% FeCl3 solution. The potentiodynamic tests showed icorr and Ecorr were a strong function of surface conditioning, altered by grit-blasting, laser processing, acid cleaning, and heat treating. Significant improvement was achieved in corrosion resistance by laser-glazing and laser-alloying.

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17

Li, Yu Zhong, and Jing Ping Liu. "Experimental Study of Laser Surface Treatment of Low-Carbon Ductile Iron." Applied Mechanics and Materials 155-156 (February 2012): 965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.155-156.965.

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In the essay, the Low carbon ductile iron by laser surface alloying processing has been experimentally studied. Results indicate that on low carbon ductile iron matrix coated with different alloy powder, structure of laser surface alloying processing is very small, the combination quality between alloying layer and matrix is good. Low carbon ductile iron after laser surface treatment, maternal surface hardness are greatly enhanced, maternal surface hardness increasing from HV250~330 to the highest about HV1400, surface laser hardening effect of Low carbon ductile iron is very obvious.

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Han, Tengfei, Kexin Zhou, Zhongyu Chen, and Yuesheng Gao. "Research Progress on Laser Cladding Alloying and Composite Processing of Steel Materials." Metals 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 2055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12122055.

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Laser cladding technology is a reliable and efficient surface modification technology, which has been widely used in surface alloying and composite processing of steel materials. Firstly, the characteristics of laser cladding technology were introduced, and the effects of process control and the material system on the geometric shape, size, microstructure, and properties of cladding coating were analyzed by summarizing the research results of laser cladding on steel surfaces. The results show that with the increase of laser power, the dilution rate and width of the cladding coating increase, and the grain becomes coarse. Thus, the wear resistance deteriorates. Compared with alloy cladding coating, composite cladding coating exhibits better wear and corrosion resistance, but the plastic toughness is worse than alloy cladding coating. The research progress of surface alloying and composite processing of steel worldwide was analyzed from various aspects. Current results suggest that laser cladding alloying and compounding can enhance the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of steel materials. Based on the summary of the current research results, the development prospect and planning of laser cladding technology in the field of surface alloying and composite processing of steel are further pointed out.

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19

McCay, M. H., J. A. Hopkins, and T. D. McCay. "Melt instabilities during laser surface alloying." Journal of Laser Applications 14, no. 1 (February 2002): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.1449886.

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20

TOMIDA, Shogo. "Alloying of Aluminum Surface by Laser." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 43, no. 3 (1992): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.43.181.

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21

Tomlinson, W. J., and A. S. Bransden. "LASER SURFACE ALLOYING OF AI–12Si." Surface Engineering 11, no. 4 (January 1995): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sur.1995.11.4.337.

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22

Römer, G. R. B. E., J. Meijer, and J. Olde Benneker. "Process control of laser surface alloying." Surface Engineering 14, no. 4 (January 1998): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sur.1998.14.4.295.

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23

Mabhali, L. A. B., S. L. Pityana, and N. Sacks. "Laser Surface Alloying of Aluminium AA1200." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 555, no. 1 (April 5, 2012): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2012.635095.

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24

Aleksandrov, V. D., L. G. Petrova, and A. S. Sergeeva. "Laser Surface Alloying of Aluminum Alloys." Russian Engineering Research 38, no. 1 (January 2018): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x18010033.

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25

Svéda, Mária, Dóra Janovszky, Kinga Tomolya, Jenő Sólyom, Zoltán Kálazi, Gábor Buza, and András Roósz. "Ni Content Surface Layer Produced by Laser Surface Treatment on Amorphisable Cu Base Alloy." Materials Science Forum 649 (May 2010): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.649.101.

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The aim of our research was to comparatively examine Ni content surface layers on amorphisable Cu base alloy produced by different laser surface treatments. Laser surface treatment (LST) techniques, such as laser surface melting, laser alloying and laser cladding, provide a wide range of interesting solutions for the production of wear and corrosion resistant surfaces. [1,2] With LST techniques, the surface can be: i) coated with a layer of another material by laser cladding, ii) the composition of the matrix can be modified by laser alloying. [3] Two kinds of laser surface treatment technologies were used. In the case of coating-melting technology a Ni content surface layer was first developed by galvanization, and then the Ni content layer was melted together with the matrix. In the case of powder blowing technology Ni3Al powder was blown into the layer melted by laser beam and Argon gas. LST was performed using an impulse mode Nd:YAG laser. The laser power and the interaction time were 2 kW and 20÷60 ms. The characterization of the surface layer microstructure was performed by XRD, scanning electron microscopy and microhardness measurements.

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Lont, Aleksandra, Jacek Górka, Damian Janicki, and Krzysztof Matus. "The Laser Alloying Process of Ductile Cast Iron Surface with Titanium Powder in Nitrogen Atmosphere." Coatings 12, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020227.

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The article presents the results of the laser alloying process of a ductile cast iron EN-GJS 350-22 surface with titanium powder in nitrogen atmosphere. The aim of this research was to test the influence of nitrogen atmosphere on the structure and properties of the ductile cast iron surface layer produced by a laser alloying process with titanium. The laser alloying process was conducted using a Rofin Sinar DL020 2 kW high-power diode laser (HPDDL) with rectangular focus and uniform power density distribution in the focus axis. The tests of the produced surface layers included macrostructure and microstructure observations, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) on scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), Vickers hardness and solid particle erosion according to ASTM G76-04 standard. As a result of the laser alloying process in nitrogen atmosphere with titanium powder, the in situ metal matrix composite structure reinforced by TiCN particles was formed. The laser alloying process of ductile cast iron caused the increased hardness and erosion resistance of the surface.

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27

Bonek, Mirołsaw, and Leszek Adam Dobrzański. "Characterization Performance of Laser Melted Commercial Tool Steels." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1848–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1848.

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The purpose of this research paper is focused on the X40CrMoV5-1 hot work tool steel surface layers improvement properties using high power diode laser. In the effect of laser alloying with powders of carbides occurs size reduction of microstructure, as well as dispersion hardening through fused in but partially dissolved carbides and consolidation through enrichment of surface layer in alloying additions coming from dissolving carbides. Introduced particles of carbides and in part remain undissolved, creating conglomerates being a result of fusion of undissolved powder grains into molten metal base. In effect of convection movements of material in the liquid state, conglomerates of carbides arrange themselves in the characteristic of swirl. Laser alloying of surface layer of investigated steel without introducing alloying additions into liquid molten metal pool, in the whole range of used laser power, causes size reduction of dendritic microstructure with the direction of crystallization consistent with the direction of heat carrying away from the zone of impact of laser beam. Remelting of the steel without introducing into liquid molten pool the alloying additions in the form of carbide powders, causes slight increase of properties of surface layer of investigated steel in comparison to its analogical properties obtained through conventional heat treatment, depending on the laser beam power implemented for remelting. The outcome of the research is an investigation showing the structural mechanisms accompanying laser alloying.

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Bonek, M. "Formation of Hard Composite Layer on Tool Steel by Laser Alloying." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0123.

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Abstract Investigations include alloying the PMHSS6-5-3 steel surface layer with carbide and ceramic powders WC, VC, TiC, SiC, Si3N4 and Al2O3, using the high power diode laser (HPDL). Laser treatment is especially promising for solving contemporary surface engineering problems making it possible to focus precisely the delivered energy in the form of heat in the surface layer. The structural mechanism was determined of surface layers development, effect was studied of alloying parameters, method on structure refinement and influence of these factors on the mechanical properties of surface layer, and especially on its abrasive wear resistance. The fine grained martensite structure is responsible for hardness increase of the alloyed layer. The tribological wear relationships were determined for laser treated surface layers, determining friction coefficient, and wear trace shape developed due to the abrasive wear of the investigated surfaces. Comparison of the laser treatment parameters and tribological properties of surface layer after remelting and alloying with hard particles of the PMHSS6-5-3 steel using the high power diode laser to obtain the optimum service properties is the outcome of the investigations carried out.

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Makuch, N., P. Dziarski, and M. Kulka. "The effect of laser treatment parameters on temperature distribution and thickness of laser-alloyed layers produced on Nimonic 80A-alloy." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 2, no. 83 (August 1, 2017): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7034.

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Purpose: The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of laser treatment parameters on temperature distribution and thickness of laser-alloyed layers produced on Nimonic 80A-alloy. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper laser alloying was used in order to produce layers on Nimonic 80A-alloy surface. The three types of the alloying materials were applied: B, B+Nb and B+Mo. Microstructure observations were carried out using an optical microscope. The hardness measurements were performed using a Vickers method under a load of 0.981 N. For evaluation of temperature distribution the equations developed by Ashby and Esterling were used. Findings: The produced layers consisted of re-melted zone only and were characterized by high hardness (up to 1431 HV0.1). The increase in laser beam power caused an increase in thickness and decrease in hardness of re-melted zones. The temperature distribution was strongly dependent on laser treatment parameters and physical properties of alloying material. The higher laser beam power, used during laser alloying with boron, caused an increase in layer thickness and temperature on the treated surface. The addition of Mo or Nb for alloying paste caused changes in melting conditions. Research limitations/implications: The obtained results confirmed that laser beam power used for laser alloying influenced the thickness and hardness of the produced layers. Moreover, the role of type of alloying material and its thermal properties on melting condition was confirmed. Practical implications: Laser alloying is the promising method which can be used in order to form very thick and hard layers on the surface of Ni-base alloys. The obtained microstructure, thickness and properties strongly dependent on laser processing parameters such as laser beam diameter, laser beam power, scanning rate as well as on the type of alloying material and its thickness, or type of substrate material. Originality/value: In this paper the influence of alloying material on temperature distribution, thickness and hardness of the laser-alloyed layers was in details analyzed.

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Zhang, Wei, Li Zheng Jiang, Rui Quan Wang, and Bo Lin. "Research of Microstructure and Property of Laser Alloying on the Surface of P20 Steel Compared with Nitriding." Advanced Materials Research 217-218 (March 2011): 1629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.217-218.1629.

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The experiment of laser alloying on the surface of P20 steel was made. Tungsten carbide (WC) powder was used as alloying material. The microstructure and property of laser alloying layer and nitriding layer are studied. The research showed that laser alloying layer had better properties such as minute crystals, deeper layer, higher hardness and good metallurgical bonding with base metal. The average hardness of alloying zone was 600HV0.2. The average hardness of phase-change hard zone was 450HV0.2. P20 steel was widely used in the field of plastic mold manufacture, especially mold core and cavity. Abrasion, corrosion and pressure resulted in change of mold size and shape which could greatly affect molding precision. Using laser alloying, the good wear layer would be made on the surface of p20 steel and would greatly increase the mold useful life.

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31

Proskuryakov, V. I., and I. V. Rodionov. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE ALLOYING COVERING ON THE CHANGE IN THE STRUCTURE AND MICROHARDNESS OF STAINLESS STEEL 12KH18N10T." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 2(249) (February 25, 2021): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2021-2-249-88-92.

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The article is devoted to the experimental analysis of the influence of the process of laser pulsed alloying in a layer of alloying mixture on the qualitative and physical and mechanical characteristics of the modified surface of stainless chromium-nickel steel of the austenitic class 12Cr18Ni10T. It was found that the use of graphite paste as an alloying compound leads to a significant increase in microhardness, a change in micromorphology, and the formation of a heat hardening zone in the near-surface layer of steel. The smoothing of the boundaries of structural changes is revealed and the effect of surface hardening is determined when a finely dispersed powder of titanium dioxide (anatase) is added to the alloying coating. According to the data obtained, a comparative analysis of the dependence of the microhardness of the modified surface on the voltage of the pump lamp and the diameter of the laser pulse spot is carried out. The maximum microhardness value, equal to 9,56 GPa, was achieved as a result of laser processing of a series of samples, where graphite paste was applied as a preliminary surface preparation. Rational technological modes of laser modification of the surface of 12Cr18Ni10T steel that have previously undergone abrasive blasting, modes of laser pulsed alloying in a layer of graphite coating and laser pulsed alloying of steel in a layer of coating consisting of graphite paste and anatase powder in a ratio of 4:1, respectively, are recommended.

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32

PACZKOWSKA, Marta, and Jarosław SELECH. "AN INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF LASER ALLOYING OF THE SURFACE LAYER ON ABRASIVE WEAR RESISTANCE OF CAST IRON ELEMENTS." Tribologia 282, no. 6 (December 31, 2018): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8428.

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of the laser alloying of the coulter flaps working in a sand medium on the intensity of their abrasive wear. The treatment was performed with a dual diode TRUDISK 1000 laser device. Two types of alloying were performed (with boron and the mixture of boron and chromium). The wear experiment was carried out with a “rotating bowl” device to testing wear in a sandy medium. In comparison to the surface layer of the base coulter flaps (only chilled – with white cast iron microstructure) after laser alloying finer, more homogenous and additionally hardened microstructure of the surface layer was achieved. Such microstructure improved the hardness by approx. 2 times for laser alloying with boron and 3 times for the alloying with boron and chromium. Wear tests proved that this translated into over 2-fold improvement in durability of treated coulter flaps. Mass loss was similar in the case of both types of alloying despite of achieving the higher value of hardness by laser alloying with boron and chromium than by alloying only with boron. It may result from some discontinuities observed in the microstructure of the layer containing chromium that was created due to the technology. It was also observed that alloying with boron improved the surface roughness parameters.

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33

Jonda, E., Z. Brytan, K. Labisz, and A. Drygała. "The Influence of Laser Surface Alloying on the Thermal Fatigue Resistance of Hot Work Tool Steels." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0216.

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Abstract The paper presents results of the effect of laser surface remelting and alloying by carbides powders of NbC, TaC, TiC, VC and WC on the structure and thermal fatigue resistance of the surface layer of hot work tool steels X40CrMoV5-1 and 32CrMoV12-28. The laser surface alloying and remelting treatments was performed using a high power diode laser (HPDL ROFIN SINAR DL 020). In order to investigate the effect of applied laser treatments and used alloying powders on the microstructure and thermal fatigue resistance of processed surface layer of hot work tool steels, the microstructure evaluation by light microscopy, hardness test, and dedicated thermal fatigue resistance test were performed. The best results regarding fatigue cracks inhibition was obtained when the surface of hot work tool steels was alloyed with TiC and VC carbides at the laser beam power of 2.0 and 2.3 kW. The grain refinement effect of laser remelting has a lower impact on the thermal crack inhibition, than a strong strengthening effect of matrix saturation in alloying elements and precipitation of fine carbides in the steel matrix.

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Feng, Liang, and Qi Bin Liu. "Microstructure and Properties of Roller Surface Alloyed by Laser." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 1808–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.1808.

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To improve the service performance of roller. The surface of roller was alloyed by a 5kW CO2 laser. The microstructure, hardness and wear resistance were investigated by means of OM, XRD, Micro-hardness Testing Machine and MMS-2A screen display friction tester. The experimental results indicate that excellent metallurgical bonding is obtained between alloying layer and substrate, the main microstructure of laser alloying coating is composed of phases such as γ-Fe, Fe(Ni,Cr), (Fe,Cr)7C3, MoC, Fe2MoC, WC and SiC etc. The strengthening mode is particle-reinforced mechanism. The corrosion resistance of connection zone is better than that of alloying zone. The average of microhardness value is as high as 718 HV, which is more two times than that of substrate, and the average of wear resistance value of alloying layer is approximately three times larger than that of substrate

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Van der Merwe, Josias Willem, and Ndivhuwo Brayner Nelwalani. "The corrosion resistance of low concentration ruthenium laser alloyed 304L stainless steel exposed to sulphuric acid at 25°C." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 65, no. 3 (May 8, 2018): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-11-2016-1730.

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Purpose This paper aims to study the effect of small ruthenium additions through laser surface alloying of 304L stainless steel on the corrosion resistance when exposed to a 1 M sulphuric acid solution at 25°C. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the characteristics of laser-alloyed surface layers enriched with low concentrations of ruthenium, less than 0.3 Wt.%, were evaluated. Samples were manufactured by performing laser surface alloying on a 304L stainless steel and using a 304 stainless steel powder enriched with ruthenium. The welded surfaces were cross-sectioned and the microstructure and chemical composition were analysed; in addition, the depth of penetration was determined. The corrosion characteristics of these surface welds were investigated through electrochemical analysis such as open circuit potential measurements and potentiodynamic scans. Findings It was found that with the addition of ruthenium levels of more than 0.2 Wt.%, the corrosion characteristics when exposed to 1 M sulphuric acid improved in the enriched welded zone. Research limitations/implications This study investigated the improvement of the surface layer of the 304L stainless steel because of the cost involved when ruthenium is alloyed in the bulk and showed that an improved corrosion resistance can be achieved in sulphuric acid at room temperature. Practical implications The hardness of the laser alloying was not significantly affected by the ruthenium, but more by the laser parameters. Originality/value This paper considers the improvement of 304L stainless steel through laser alloying with ruthenium.

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Krupiński, Mariusz, Paulina Ewelina Smolarczyk, and Mirosław Bonek. "Microstructure and Properties of the Copper Alloyed with Ag and Ti Powders Using Fiber Laser." Materials 13, no. 11 (May 26, 2020): 2430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112430.

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The scope of the work covers the development of the relationship between the chemical composition of surface-modified copper and the diffusion of alloy elements as well as the microstructure and mechanical properties. This article presents the impact of laser alloying with titanium and silver powders on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper. In order to investigate the phenomena occurring during the laser alloying process, microstructural studies were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopic (EDS) analysis of the chemical composition in micro-areas. In addition, to test the properties of the resulting alloy, abrasion resistance, hardness measurement at low loading force, and conductivity measurements were performed. As a result of alloying with Ag and Ti powders, three distinct zones were indeed recognized: re-melting zone (RZ), diffusion zone (DZ), and heat affected zone (HAZ). The surface modification that results from laser alloying increases the hardness as well as the abrasion resistance of the material. Overall, it was found that laser alloying with Ti powder increased the strength of the copper surface layer due to the formation of intermetallic phases (Cu3Ti2). It was also found that laser alloying with Ag powder changed the mechanical properties of the surface layer due to the solid solution strengthening.

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Domagała-Dubiel, Justyna, Katarzyna Bilewska, Mirosława Pawlyta, Joanna Kulasa, and Damian Janicki. "Investigation of the Implementation of Laser Surface Alloying of Cu with Cr–WC." Materials 15, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 5396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15155396.

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This paper presents research on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an alloyed composite copper (Cu) surface layer, reinforced with a mixture of chromium–tungsten carbide (Cr–WC) powders. Copper alloying was performed using a high-power diode laser (HPDL). In the tests, three mixtures of powders with different percentage contents (75%Cr 25%WC, 50%Cr 50%WC, 25%Cr 75%WC) were injected into the melting pool during the laser surface alloying process. Microstructural evolution and the properties of the surface layer of copper after laser alloying were investigated. Structural investigations were performed using light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microhardness and wear resistance of the modified surface layer were examined as well. After laser treatment the applied powders appear as uniformly distributed particles in the alloyed zone as well as nanoscale precipitates in the Cu matrix. Several types of precipitate characteristics, in terms of morphology, structure and chemical composition, were observed. Laser alloying of the surface layer modified the microstructure, which resulted in an increase in the hardness of the surface layers compared to the base material.

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Wiśniowski, Maciej, Tomasz Tański, and Przemysław Snopiński. "Structure of Titanium GRADE 1 after Laser Alloying with FeCr Powder." Solid State Phenomena 308 (July 2020): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.308.157.

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Titanium alloys due to their low density and high mechanical properties are a group of materials that are being used willingly nowadays. A promising method of titanium heat treatment is laser surface alloying. Process parameters like laser beam power, its transverse speed, amount of alloying elements and shield gas, have influence on the material. Different chemical composition and morphology can be achieved resulting in a change of properties on the surface of the material. The paper presents the investigation of titanium GRADE 1 processed with iron‐nickel powder using laser alloying. The treatment was performed using a high power diode laser. Different laser beam power values were used.

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Galun, R., A. Weisheit, and B. L. Mordike. "Laser surface alloying of magnesium base alloys." Journal of Laser Applications 8, no. 6 (December 1996): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.4745436.

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Umehara, Hiroyuki. "Surface alloying by means of laser irradiation." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 27, no. 10 (1988): 766–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.27.766.

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Abboud, J. H., and D. R. F. West. "Laser Surface Alloying of Titanium with Silicon." Surface Engineering 7, no. 2 (January 1991): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sur.1991.7.2.159.

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Ursu, I., V. Crăciun, Rodica Alexandrescu, I. N. Mihăilescu, I. Morjan, Al Popa, and M. Popescu. "Surface alloying of silicon by laser aluminothermy." Journal of Applied Physics 61, no. 8 (April 15, 1987): 3110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338940.

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Goswami, G. L., D. Kumar, A. K. Grover, A. L. Pappachan, and M. K. Totlani. "Control of defects during laser surface alloying." Surface Engineering 15, no. 1 (February 1999): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708499322911674.

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Ariely, S., J. Shen, M. Bamberger, F. Dausiger, and H. Hugel. "Laser surface alloying of steel with TiC." Surface and Coatings Technology 45, no. 1-3 (May 1991): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(91)90249-v.

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Pons, M., A. Hugon, A. Galerie, A. Fasasi, and A. Sugier. "Laser surface alloying using metal salt precursors." Surface and Coatings Technology 45, no. 1-3 (May 1991): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(91)90254-t.

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Rieker, C., D. G. Morris, and M. A. Morris. "Microcrystalline surface layers created by laser alloying." Journal of the Less Common Metals 145 (December 1988): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(88)90317-7.

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Dutta Majumdar, J., and I. Manna. "Laser surface alloying of copper with chromium." Materials Science and Engineering: A 268, no. 1-2 (August 1999): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(99)00112-4.

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Renaud, Lionel, B. Chabaud, F. Fouquet, H. Mazille, and J. L. Crolet. "Laser Surface Alloying on a Mild Steel." Key Engineering Materials 46-47 (January 1991): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.46-47.305.

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Gauzzi, F., G. Principi, and B. Verdini. "Laser surface alloying of plain carbon steels." Hyperfine Interactions 69, no. 1-4 (April 1992): 545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02401885.

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Bogolyubova, I. V., I. F. Deriglazova, and B. F. Mul'chenko. "Surface alloying of alloy AL25 by laser." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 30, no. 5 (May 1988): 348–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00701043.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Laser Surface Alloying'

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