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Alves, Hélder Nuno Vieira. "Intraferência : hacktivismo urbano digital, uma forma de preservação do património e promoção artística." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7769.
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WebEste trabalho de projecto pretende incentivar o uso da tecnologia e dos open standards num contexto de hacktivismo urbano, preservação do património cultural e promoção artística. A questão central teórica abordada visa um exercício de reflexão sobre de que forma as tecnologias digitais combinadas com a internet produzem mudanças no quotidiano pessoal e profissional, num quadro de evolução e criação permanente. Reimaginar a forma como o graffiti comunica e integra paisagem urbana é o principal desafio. O processo de criação e partilha recorre à aplicação de código aberto laser tag para intervir e comunicar no espaço urbano, numa relação criada entre o graffiti analógico e digital, street art experimental e os novos média. O processo de concretização consiste na criação de uma célula do Graffiti Research Lab em Portugal, para criar e trocar experiências e conhecimentos bem como contribuir para um entendimento mais abrangente desta expressão artística.
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Nguyen, Thi Phuong Nhung. "Fabrication of Nanostructured Silicon Substrates for the Development of Superomniphobic Surfaces and Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Biomolecules." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10065/document.
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Mes travaux de thèse concernent la fabrication de micro et de nanostructures en silicium dans le but de développer des surfaces non-mouillantes et d’outils analytiques pour des applications en biochimie et en microfluidique. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé d’une part la gravure chimique humide qu’est la « metal-assisted electroless etching » (approche descendante) et d’autre part la croissance de nanofils par « Chemical Vapor Deposition » via le mécanisme « Vapor-Liquid-Solid » (approche ascendante). Des surfaces structurées possédant des morphologies différentes ont été obtenues. Grâce à ces méthodes de fabrication nous avons préparé des structurations simple et double, à savoir des structurations nanométriques et micrométriques et des doubles structurations micro-nanométriques. Dans une première partie, les surfaces structurées ont permis de développer des surfaces superomniphobes, capables de repousser des liquides présentant des tensions de surface très variables. Les surfaces présentant une double structuration donnant les meilleures propriétés non-mouillantes. Dans une deuxième partie, ces surfaces nanostructurées ont été utilisées comme matrices inorganiques pour la désorption/ionisation assistée par laser permettant l’analyse en spectrométrie de masse de petites molécules sans l’utilisation de matrice organique. Nous avons étudié l’influence de la morphologie, du type de dopage et de la terminaison chimique sur l’analyse en spectrométrie de masse d’un mélange de peptide standard. Finalement, nous avons réalisé l’enrichissement d’un peptide et son analyse en spectrométrie de masse à partir d’un mélange donné, grâce à l’introduction d’un ligand spécifiqueThis work concerns the fabrication of micro/nanostructured silicon substrates and their application as non-wetting surfaces, and analytical tools for biomolecules’ analysis and in microfluidic devices. Two different techniques were investigated for the formation of nanostructured silicon substrates: chemical wet etching via metal-assisted electroless etching (Top-down approach) and nanowire growth by « Chemical Vapor Deposition » via Vapor-Liquid-Solid mechanism (Bottom-up approach). Different structured surface morphologies were then obtained. These were either simple structured such as: Micro or Nanoscale, or double structured such as: Micro-Nano or Nano-Nanoscale. The first part of the thesis deals with the preparation of superominiphobic surfaces capable of repelling almost any liquid. The surfaces consisting of double structured substrates gave the best non-wetting properties. Secondly, nanostructured silicon substrates were used as inorganic matrices for the detection of small molecules without using an organic matrix in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Herein, we investigated the influence of surface morphology, doping type and chemical termination on mass spectrometry analysis of a standard peptide mixture. Finally, functionalized silicon nanowires surfaces with a specific ligand were used to perform peptide enrichment and its subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry from a mixture solution
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Thiery, Gwendoline. "Imagerie par désorption laser/spectrométrie de masse de multiples marqueurs spécifiques : développement de la technique TAMSIM "Targeted Multiplex Mass Spectrometry Imaging"." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066253.
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La protéomique est devenue un domaine de recherche essentiel en biologie et en médecine. Afin, de répondre aux enjeux de cette discipline, il est nécessaire de pouvoir caractériser et localiser les protéines exprimées au niveau cellulaire. De nombreuses techniques d’analyses in situ des ces protéines considérées comme étant des marqueurs spécifiques d’une pathologie existent et sont utilisées en routine, notamment pour le suivi des cancers, dans de nombreux laboratoires d’anatomo pathologie. La plus répandue est l’immunohistochimie (IHC). Cette technique consiste à révéler spécifiquement in situ un complexe immun (antigène-anticorps). Dans l’optique d’accroître la capacité de détection multiple (multiplexage) d’une immunoréaction, nous avons développé une nouvelle technique d’imagerie in situ de multiples marqueurs spécifiques. Des traceurs chimiques photoclivables (Tag) sont fixés spécifiquement sur des anticorps. Les anticorps marqués sont complexés in situ aux protéines cibles présentent sur le tissu. Les Tag sont ensuite clivés de leurs anticorps respectifs par désorption laser. Apres une irradiation de la coupe par le laser à 355 nm une image est générée à partir des différents spectres de masse enregistrés pour chaque Tag utilisés. Contrairement au mode MALDI, l’utilisation de la matrice n’est pas nécessaire pour favoriser l’ionisation de ces composés chimiques. Ce qui simplifie grandement l’analyse par spectrométrie de masse. Cette technique appelée TAMSIM pour TArgeted multiplex Mass Spectrometry IMaging a pu être validée pour l’analyse de différents marqueurs spécifiques localisés au sein des tissus pancréatiques et sur des sections tissulaires de foie humain.
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Plucnar, Libor. "Sebelokalizace a navigace malého mobilního robotu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220686.
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The thesis is focused on design of self-location and navigation of small mobile robot inside buildings. It contents a description of collecting and processing data from laser scanner and their application for wall following algorithms. Designed algorithm was tested on real mobile robot. It describes system of visual tags and algorithms for their detection and decoding. Visual tags are used for indication of checkpoints used for navigation of mobile robot. It also describes method for route planning between this checkpoints.
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Mitri, Giulia. "Progettazione Data Layer per un sistema di Tag Management finalizzato all’analisi dei dati." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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Questa tesi è il risultato del lavoro e dello studio effettuato all’interno dell’azienda che mi ha ospitata per il tirocinio.
Il Team nel quale sono stata inserita si occupa di progettare e implementare il Data Layer e i tag per la gestione del tracciamento dati, tramite i quali poi verranno svolte analisi per personalizzare sempre di più l’esperienza dell’utente all’interno del sito o dell’applicazione e per migliorarne le funzionalità.
Da tempo le aziende sono alla ricerca di un modello più semplice, flessibile, scalabile e standardizzato per rendere disponibili i dati alle soluzioni di Digital Analytics. Per sopperire a questa esigenza è stato creato il Data Layer. Il Data Layer consiste in un elemento logico che ha lo scopo di esporre i dati in appositi oggetti, che di per sé non hanno logica applicativa, ma che fungono da semplici contenitori di variabili e dati, affinchè questi possano essere poi letti ed utilizzati dalle altre piattaforme, tipicamente mediante soluzioni di tagging dinamico. Le soluzioni di tagging dinamico, collocate come livello logico intermedio tra il Data Layer e le piattaforme di Digital Analytics, forniscono la capacità di leggere dati dal Data Layer, di aggregarli con le sintassi e le logiche peculiari di ogni singola soluzione e di inviarli formattati nel modo corretto alle soluzioni di Digital Analytics.
Questa tesi è volta a descrivere il progetto nel quale sono stata inserita all'interno dell’azienda. L’oggetto principale di questo progetto consiste nella progettazione del Data Layer per l’implementazione di un sistema di Tag Management con lo scopo di effettuare il tracciamento dati relativo all’applicazione.
Il progetto in questione tratta di un’applicazione mobile di tipo finanziario disponibile solo sulla piattaforma iOS. Nello specifico è stata presa in analisi la parte di onboarding dell’applicazione. Per onboarding si intende la parte relativa alla registrazione e all’apertura di un conto corrente online.
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Kim, Oh Hyun. "Atomic layer deposition of GaN and TaN." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025153.
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Nair, Raji Sasidharan. "Contribution au développement de tags chipless et des capteurs à codage dans le domaine temporel." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT008/document.
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La RFID sans puce, en raison du très faible coût des tags, a ouvert une nouvelle voie pour les systèmes d'identification. Les étiquettes RFID sans puce fonctionnant dans le domaine temporel ont l'avantage d'être compatibles avec de grandes distances de lecture, de l'ordre de quelques mètres, et de pouvoir fonctionner dans les bandes de fréquence ISM. Cependant, les tags de ce type développés jusqu'à lors n'offraient qu'une faible capacité de codage. Cette thèse propose une nouvelle méthode pour augmenter la capacité de codage des tags fonctionnant dans le domaine temporel en utilisant des C-sections, c'est-à-dire des lignes de transmission repliées de manière à avoir des zones fortement couplées, ce qui leur donne un caractère dispersif. Une autre approche basée sur une technique multi-couches a également été introduite de façon à augmenter considérablement la capacité de codage. Pour terminer, la preuve de concept d'un tag-capteur d'humidité, basé sur l'utilisation de nano fils de silicium, est également présentéeChipless RFID tags, owing to their low cost, have opened a new way to the identification systems. Chipless RFID tags operating in the time domain have the advantage of being compatible with large reading distances of the order of a few meters, and also can operate in the ISM frequency bands. However, time domain tags developed until now offer poor coding capacity. This thesis proposes a new method to increase the coding capacity of tags operating in time domain by using C-sections, i.e. the transmission lines are folded so as to have tightly coupled zones that give them a dispersive nature. Another approach based on a multi-layer technique was also introduced, in order to increase the coding capacity considerably. Finally, the proof of concept of a humidity sensor tag based on silicon nanowires is also presented
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Baltazar-Lopez, Martin Eduardo. "Applications of TAP-NDE technique to non-contact ultrasonic inspection in tubulars." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1614.
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The possibility and feasibility of experimental detection of localized defects in tubes using laser-induced ultrasonic wave approach through Thermo Acousto Photonic Non Destructive Evaluation (TAP-NDE) and Signal processing through wavelet transform is examined in this research. Guided waves in cylindrical surfaces provide solutions for detection of different defects in the material. Several experiments were conducted to this respect. Wave propagation in both axial and circumferential directions was studied. The dispersive wave propagation of ultrasonic waves in hollow cylinders has been investigated experimentally, primarily for use in non-contact and nondestructive inspections of pipes and tubes. The laser ultrasonic waves propagated in cylindrical waveguides are particularly attractive because of their unique characteristics in the applications of nondestructive evaluation (NDE). Contrary to studies making use of only axially symmetric guided waves in hollow cylinders, here are analyzed also nonaxisymmetric waves. The analysis of data is made by using the Gabor wavelet transform. The capability of modeling the guided wave dispersion in hollow cylinders is used in developing guided wave experimental techniques for flaw detection. Good agreement was obtained when comparing the dispersion spectra between theory and experimentation. Measurement of group velocities of guided waves, which are obtained directly from the wavelet transform coefficients, can be used to determine allocation and sizing of flaws.
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Frankel, Micah Paul. "The determinants of LIFO layer liquidations: Tax minimization and agency cost factors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185513.
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Prior LIFO studies have assumed that a LIFO-use firm will avoid liquidating old low-cost inventory layers due to the resulting tax penalty. However, a LIFO-use firm can actually receive a tax subsidy by liquidating inventory layers in a low marginal tax year, thus avoiding the need to liquidate in future higher tax years. This leads to the prediction that low marginal tax rate LIFO firms account for the majority of LIFO liquidations. Using several measures of a firm's marginal tax rate, and controlling for other potential determinants of LIFO liquidations, this prediction receives strong empirical support. The other potential determinants controlled for which are significantly associated with liquidations include: the probability of violating debt covenants, firm specific sales, industry specific production, investment and financing factors (PIFs) and economy wide factors.
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Tan, Jing [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Klopstock. "Laser capture microdissection of single muscle fibers for mitochondrial proteomic investigations / Jing Tan ; Betreuer: Thomas Klopstock." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1205664874/34.
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Mårtensson, Mattias, Robert Sandberg, Rickard Svensson, and Mikael Trolin. "VMI – Vem tar initiativet, varför och vad leder det till för samarbete?" Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1485.
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Med större krav på effektivisering och pressade kostnader har VMI på senare tid blivit en allt mer tillämpad metod för att samordna aktiviteterna i försörjningskedjan. Mycket forskning har gjorts kring ämnet VMI och dess fördelar. Däremot har inte mycket skrivits om initiativtagande och hur dessa samarbeten uppstår.
Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka företag som tillämpar VMI. Detta för att ta reda på vem, kunden eller leverantören, som tar initiativet till samarbetet och varför. Utifrån detta vill vi även identifiera konsekvenser kopplade till vem som tog initiativet.
Genom vår undersökning har vi kommit fram till att kunden så väl som leverantören kan vara initiativtagare. Detta för att det finns vinster att göras för båda parter. Vi har kunnat identifiera att den främsta anledningen till initiativtagande är de fördelar som ses för det egna företaget. En annan bidragande faktor är även att företagen vill skapa långsiktiga relationer. Vi har genom vår studie inte kunnat identifiera några konsekvenser i samarbetet som är direkt kopplade till vem som tar initiativet. Däremot har vi sett indikationer på att den part som tar initiativet är den som ofta bäst lyckas påverka villkoren för samarbetet.
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Tang, Suo [Verfasser], and Christoph H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Keitel. "Plasma High Harmonic Generation and Single Attosecond Pulse Emission from Ultraintense Laser Pulses / Suo Tang ; Betreuer: Christoph H. Keitel." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/117725266X/34.
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Li, Tao [Verfasser], Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Dreizler, and Shuiqing [Akademischer Betreuer] Li. "Experimental Investigations of Solid Fuel Combustion with Multi-dimensional and Multi-parameter Laser Diagnostics / Tao Li ; Andreas Dreizler, Shuiqing Li." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241248370/34.
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Barenghi, Maddalena [Verfasser], and Hans van [Akademischer Betreuer] Ess. "Historiography and narratives of the later Tang (923-936) and later Jin (936-947) dynasties in tenth- to eleventh-century sources / Maddalena Barenghi ; Betreuer: Hans van Ess." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1130587355/34.
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Harrison, Willie K. "Physical-layer security: practical aspects of channel coding and cryptography." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44818.
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In this work, a multilayer security solution for digital communication systems is provided by considering the joint effects of physical-layer security channel codes with application-layer cryptography. We address two problems: first, the cryptanalysis of error-prone ciphertext; second, the design of a practical physical-layer security coding scheme. To our knowledge, the cryptographic attack model of the noisy-ciphertext attack is a novel concept. The more traditional assumption that the attacker has the ciphertext is generally assumed when performing cryptanalysis. However, with the ever-increasing amount of viable research in physical-layer security, it now becomes essential to perform the analysis when ciphertext is unreliable. We do so for the simple substitution cipher using an information-theoretic framework, and for stream ciphers by characterizing the success or failure of fast-correlation attacks when the ciphertext contains errors. We then present a practical coding scheme that can be used in conjunction with cryptography to ensure positive error rates in an eavesdropper's observed ciphertext, while guaranteeing error-free communications for legitimate receivers. Our codes are called stopping set codes, and provide a blanket of security that covers nearly all possible system configurations and channel parameters. The codes require a public authenticated feedback channel. The solutions to these two problems indicate the inherent strengthening of security that can be obtained by confusing an attacker about the ciphertext, and then give a practical method for providing the confusion. The aggregate result is a multilayer security solution for transmitting secret data that showcases security enhancements over standalone cryptography.
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Elliott, Sarah. "The 'pay now argue later' principle in South African Tax Law: its development, operation, comparison to South African civil debt enforcement and consistency with the constitutional right of access to courts." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25267.
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Section 164 of the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011 (the TAA), previously contained in section 88 of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 (the Income Tax Act) and section 36 of the Value-Added Tax (VAT) Act 89 of 1991 (the VAT Act), provides that the payment of tax will not be automatically suspended until the resolution of a dispute regarding the liability for the said tax debt. This is known as the 'pay now argue later' principle. The objectives of this research were to analyse the development of the 'pay now argue later' principle in South African tax law, to provide an overview of the content and operation of section 164 of the TAA, to compare the principle and its purpose with civil debt enforcement procedures and, lastly, to test the principle against the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution), specifically the right of access to courts. The underlying theme of this research is the recognition of taxpayers' rights in South Africa, specifically the interplay between the powers of the fiscus and the rights of taxpayers. In order to achieve the abovementioned objectives, this research examined the development of the 'pay now argue later' principle from its first appearance in section 88 of the Income Tax Act and section 36 of the VAT Act to its subsequent incorporation into the Tax Administration Bill 11 of 2011 and, ultimately, into section 164 of the TAA. It was concluded that the development of the 'pay now argue later' principle, from its first appearance in the Income Tax Act in 1962 and the VAT Act in 1993 until their repeal in 2011, was relatively minor save for in 2009, during which year there was a marked change in the structure of this principle with the inclusion of the so-called 'suspension rule'. This research provided a practical overview and understanding of the operation of the 'pay now argue later' principle in terms of section 164 of the TAA, specifically focusing on the suspension rule. This research further compared the 'pay now argue later' principle with civil debt enforcement procedures, specifically provisional sentence and summary judgment. It was concluded that the 'pay now argue later' principle is an exception to the ordinary rules governing civil debt enforcement proceedings. Lastly, this research placed the 'pay now argue later' principle under constitutional scrutiny, specifically whether its application infringes on the right of access to courts of taxpayers. It was found that the 'pay now argue later' principle infringes a taxpayer's right of access to courts, but this limitation is justified in terms of section 36 of the Constitution.
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King, Gareth James. "The constitutionality of the "pay now argue later" rule in terms of the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53137.
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Radovsky, Gal, Ronit Popovitz-Biro, Tommy Lorenz, Jan-Ole Joswig, Gotthard Seifert, Lothar Houben, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski, and Reshef Tenne. "Tubular structures from the LnS–TaS₂ (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Ho, Er) and LaSe–TaSe₂ misfit layered compounds." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36272.
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Nanotubular structures from a new family of misfit compounds LnS–TaS₂ with (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Ho, Er) and LaSe–TaSe₂ (some of them not known hitherto) are reported. Stress relaxation originating from the lattice mismatch between the alternating LnS(Se) and TaS₂(Se) layers, combined with seaming of the dangling bonds in the rim, leads to the formation of a variety of nanotubular structures. Their structures are studied via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Tubules exhibiting a single folding vector for the LnS(Se) as well as TaS₂(Se) layers were often found. The small values of the c-axis periodicities are indicative of a strong interaction between the two constituent layers which was also supported by Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.
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Walther, Tillmann. "Beeinflussung funktionaler Schichteigenschaften bei der thermischen Atomlagenabscheidung von Tantalnitrid sowie Ruthenium." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-167301.
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Thermische TaN ALD mit den Präkursoren TBTDET und TBTEMT, NH3 als zweiten Reaktanten und Ar als inertes Spülgas ist untersucht worden. Als Messverfahren zur Bewertung ist zeitlich aufgelöste in-situ spektroskopische Ellipsometrie mit einer Datenerfassungsrate von 0,86 Datenpunkte/s, sowie in-vacuo XPS und AFM verwendet worden. Es konnten sehr glatte homogene geschlossene TaN-Dünnschichten mit einem Ta:N-Verhältnis von 0,6, -Verunreinigungen von ca. 5 at.% (TBTDET) bzw. 9 at.% (TBTEMT) und einem GPC von ca. 0,6 nm/Zyklus im linearen Wachstumsbereich hergestellt werden. Eine O3-Vorbehandlung einer SiO2-Oberfläche beschleunigt die initiale Phase der TaN-Abscheidung. Die abgeschiedenen TaN-Schichten zeigen sich sehr reaktiv auf O2Thermal ALD with the precursors TBTDET and TBTEMT, NH3 as the second reactant and Ar as inert purging gas was studied. For measuring purposes time-resolved in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry with an data acquisition rate of 0,86 data points/s, in-vacuo XPS and AFM was used. It was possible to deposit very smmoth homogenous closed TaN thin films with a Ta:N rate of about 0,6, contaminations of 5 at.% (TBTDET) and 9 at.% (TBTEMT), respectively, and a GPC of about 0,6 nm/Zyklus. An O3 pretreatment of a SiO2 surface accelerated the initial phase of the TaN atomic layer deposition (ALD) deposition. These TaN-Schichten were very reactiv against O2
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Chui, Ka Ki. "Secularity and religion : Dietrich Bonhoeffer's later theology and its relevance for Bishop Ting Kuang-hsun's theological construction." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/886.
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Waechtler, Thomas, Steffen Oswald, Nina Roth, Alexander Jakob, Heinrich Lang, Ramona Ecke, Stefan E. Schulz, et al. "Copper Oxide Films Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition from Bis(tri-n-butylphosphane)copper(I)acetylacetonate on Ta, TaN, Ru, and SiO2." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200900734.
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The thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) of copper oxide films from the non-fluorinated yet liquid precursor bis(tri-n-butylphosphane)copper(I)acetylacetonate, [(nBu3P)2Cu(acac)], and wet O2 on Ta, TaN, Ru and SiO2 substrates at temperatures of < 160°C is reported. Typical temperature-independent growth was observed at least up to 125°C with a growth-per-cycle of ~ 0.1 Å for the metallic substrates and an ALD window extending down to 100°C for Ru. On SiO2 and TaN the ALD window was observed between 110 and 125°C, with saturated growth shown on TaN still at 135°C. Precursor self-decomposition in a chemical vapor deposition mode led to bi-modal growth on Ta, resulting in the parallel formation of continuous films and isolated clusters. This effect was not observed on TaN up to about 130°C and neither on Ru or SiO2 for any processing temperature. The degree of nitridation of the tantalum nitride underlayers considerably influenced the film growth. With excellent adhesion of the ALD films on all substrates studied, the results are a promising basis for Cu seed layer ALD applicable to electrochemical Cu metallization in interconnects of ultralarge-scale integrated circuits. © 2009 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. Es wird die thermische Atomlagenabscheidung (ALD) von Kupferoxidschichten, ausgehend von der unfluorierten, flüssigen Vorstufenverbindung Bis(tri-n-butylphosphan)kupfer(I)acetylacetonat, [(nBu3P)2Cu(acac)], sowie feuchtem Sauerstoff, auf Ta-, TaN-, Ru- und SiO2-Substraten bei Temperaturen < 160°C berichtet. Typisches temperaturunabhängiges Wachstum wurde zumindest bis 125°C beobachtet. Damit verbunden wurde für die metallischen Substrate ein Zyklenwachstum von ca. 0.1 Å erzielt sowie ein ALD-Fenster, das für Ru bis zu einer Temperatur von 100°C reicht. Auf SiO2 und TaN wurde das ALD-Fenster zwischen 110 und 125°C beobachtet, wobei auch bei 135°C noch gesättigtes Wachstum auf TaN gezeigt werden konnte. Die selbständige Zersetzung des Precursors ähnlich der chemischen Gasphasenabscheidung führte zu einem bimodalen Schichtwachstum auf Ta, wodurch gleichzeitig geschlossene Schichten und voneinander isolierte Cluster gebildet wurden. Dieser Effekt wurde auf TaN bis zu einer Temperatur von 130°C nicht beobachtet. Ebensowenig trat er im untersuchten Temperaturbereich auf Ru oder SiO2 auf. Der Nitrierungsgrad der TaN-Schichten beeinflusste hierbei das Schichtwachstum stark. Mit einer sehr guten Haftung der ALD-Schichten auf allen untersuchten Substratmaterialien erscheinen die Ergebnisse vielversprechend für die ALD von Kupferstartschichten, die für die elektrochemische Kupfermetallisierung in Leitbahnsystemen ultrahochintegrierter Schaltkreise anwendbar sind
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Tseisi, Hulisani. "A critical analysis of the implementation of the 'pay now, argue later' principle by SARS as provided by section 164 of the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011; and, Limitation of interest deduction in South Africa: a suggested approach to the application of sections 31 and 23M of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 to debt and equity business financing methods." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27350.
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A critical analysis of the implementation of the 'pay now, argue later' principle by SARS as provided by section 164 of the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011: Abstract: The 'Pay Now, Argue Later' principle applies in income tax or value-added tax collection procedure after the South African Revenue Services has concluded an assessment in terms of the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011 and found that an amount of tax is due and payable by the taxpayer. In terms of the 'pay now, argue later' principle, the taxpayer has to pay the assessed amount before being accorded an opportunity to raise any objections. The purpose of this paper is, to do an in-depth evaluation of the implications of the implementation of the 'pay now, argue later' principle by SARS. The implementation of the principle will be evaluated to determine if it is unjust, inequitable or unreasonable. In addition to the latter evaluation, the principle's shortfalls will be highlighted with the inclusion of a brief legal position in other countries. The paper acknowledges the existence of the principle, although the implementation thereof by SARS remains questionable and a source of controversy. The paper ultimately concludes that the 'pay now, argue later' principle, though constitutionally validated to a certain extent need to be revised. A balance has to be struck between the taxpayer's rights, public interest and SARS' powers in implementing the principle. A recommendation is therefore made to place the implementation thereof in the Tax Ombud in view of UK's Taxes Management Act where Commissioners resolve such disputes between taxpayers and the Inland Revenue Authority.
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Limitation of interest deduction in South Africa: a suggested approach to the application of sections 31 and 23M of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 to debt and equity business financing methods. Abstract:
The South African income tax system acknowledges the financing of resident companies by a related non-resident company through the use of debt and equity. However, the use of debt financing method is a cause for concern to the South African Revenue Services as it results in the base erosion and profit shifting of taxable profits through mispricing and excessive interest deductions. Section 31 and 23M were inserted into the South African Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 to address excessive debt levels and interest deductions. The objective of this paper is to analyse the rationale behind the use of debt and equity financing methods. This paper will also discuss the application of both s 31 and s 23M. Due to the close connection of s 31 and s 23M to debt transactions, an approach on how the two sections can be applied is suggested. This paper finds that the provisions of both s 31 and s 23M are applicable to the same set of facts. The paper also finds that s 31 provisions are applied to determine if a company has excessive debts taking into account the arm's length principle while s 23M provisions are applied to limit interest deductions. The paper suggests that the legislature should provide guidance on the interplay of the two provisions and in the absence of any guidance, the provisions of s 31 should be applied first followed by the provisions of s 23M.
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Crozier-Dodson, Beth Ann. "Quantification, isolation, and identification of airborne bacteria in animal confinement facilities using selective agars, Thin Agar Layer (TAL) resuscitation media, and rapid method technologies /." Search for this dissertation online, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Waechtler, Thomas, Steffen Schulze, Lutz Hofmann, Sascha Hermann, Nina Roth, Stefan E. Schulz, Thomas Gessner, Heinrich Lang, and Michael Hietschold. "Detailed Study of Copper Oxide ALD on SiO2, TaN, and Ru." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200901295.
Full textAbstract:
Copper films with a thickness in the nanometer
range are required as seed layers for the
electrochemical Cu deposition to form multilevel
interconnects in ultralarge-scale
integrated (ULSI) electronic devices.
Continuously shrinking device dimensions and
increasing aspect ratios of the dual-damascene
structures in the copper-based metallization
schemes put ever more stringent requirements on
the films with respect to their conformality in
nanostructures and thickness homogeneity across
large wafers. Due to its intrinsic self-limiting
film growth characteristic, atomic layer
deposition (ALD) appears
appropriate for
homogeneously coating complex substrates and to
replace conventional physical vapor deposition
(PVD) methods beyond the 32 nm technology node.
To overcome issues of direct Cu ALD, such as
film agglomeration at higher temperatures or
reduced step coverage in plasma-based processes,
an
ALD copper oxide film may be grown under mild
processing conditions, while a subsequent
reduction
step converts it to metallic copper. In this
poster, which was presented at the AVS 9th
International Conference on Atomic Layer
Deposition (ALD 2009), held in Monterey,
California from
19 to 22 July 2009, we
report detailed film growth studies of ALD
copper
oxide in the self-limiting regime on SiO2, TaN
and Ru. Applications in subsequent
electrochemical deposition processes are
discussed, comparing Cu plating results on
as-deposited
PVD Ru as well as with PVD and reduced ALD Cu
seed layer.
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Waechtler, Thomas, Nina Roth, Robert Mothes, Steffen Schulze, Stefan E. Schulz, Thomas Gessner, Heinrich Lang, and Michael Hietschold. "Copper Oxide ALD from a Cu(I) -Diketonate: Detailed Growth Studies on SiO2 and TaN." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200901741.
Full textAbstract:
The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of copper oxide
films from [(nBu3P)2Cu(acac)]
and wet oxygen on SiO2 and TaN has
been studied in detail by spectroscopic
ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy.
The results suggest island growth on SiO2,
along with a strong variation of the optical
properties of the films in the early stages of
the growth and signs of quantum confinement,
typical for nanocrystals. In addition, differences
both in growth behavior and film properties
appear on dry and wet thermal SiO2.
Electron diffraction together with transmission
electron microscopy shows that nanocrystalline
Cu2O with crystallites < 5 nm is
formed, while upon prolonged electron
irradiation the films decompose and metallic
copper crystallites of approximately 10 nm
precipitate. On TaN, the films grow in a
linear, layer-by-layer manner, reproducing the
initial substrate roughness. Saturated growth
obtained at 120°C on TaN as well as dry and
wet
SiO2 indicates well-established ALD
growth regimes.
© 2009 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
26
Violet, Perrine. "Étude thermodynamique et experimentale du depôt ald (atomic layer deposition) de TaN et de son precurseur organometallique pdmat T, Ta[N(CH3)2]5, utilisé en microélectronique." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0109.
Full textAbstract:
L'étude de la vaporisation et de la décomposition thermique du PDMAT sous vide a été réalisée par spectrométrie de masse avec cellule d'effusion et cellules tandem respectivement. La conception et la validation du réacteur, spécifique à l'étude par spectrométrie de masse des molécules organométalliques très réactives au contact de l'air, réalisé au cours de cette thèse, sont exposées. En parallèle des premiers dépôts ALD de TaN à partir de PDMAT et NH3 ont été réalisés sur le réacteur ALD en cours d'optimisation et caractérisés par microscopie électronique et XPS. La confrontation de ces deux résultats permet de proposer des schémas de réactions se produisant lors du dépôt de TaN dans un réacteur ALD et de déterminer les propriétés structurales et thermodynamiques des molécules identifiées. Ces données sont utilisées dans différentes approches de modélisations thermodynamiques du procédé de croissance à partir de la phase gazeuseThe study of PDMAT vaporization and thermal cracking under vacuum of has been performed by using respectively Knudsen cell and tandem cells mass spectrometric method. The design and the validation of the reactor, specific to the study by mass spectrometry of the very reactive organometallic molecules in contact with the air, carried out during this thesis, are exposed. In parallel first TaN ALD starting from PDMAT and NH3 were realized in ALD new reactor in progress of optimization and were characterized by electronic microscopy and XPS. The confrontation of these two results makes it possible to propose reactions diagrams occurring at the time of the deposit of TaN in ALD reactor and to determine the structural and thermodynamic properties of identified molecules. These data are used in the various approaches of thermodynamic modeling of processes of growth starting from a gas phase
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Björk, Axel, and Felix Rehbein. "Underlag för beställningssystem för en återförsäljare av byggmaterial." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162785.
Full textAbstract:
Det är viktigt för företag som säljer eller tillverkar produkter att veta när efterfrågan för dessa produkter uppstår och hur stor den efterfrågan är. Utifrån detta kan sedan företag med hjälp av materialstyrningsmetoder bestämma när produkterna ska köpas in eller tillverkas. Materialstyrningsmetoder hjälper med att tillfredsställa kunderna samtidigt som det är möjligt att kostnadseffektivisera produktflödet. Återförsäljaren som detta examensarbete handlar om har i dagsläget ingen sådan materialstyrningsmetod och upplever brist i lagret för artiklar från en särskild leverantör. Syftet med detta arbete är att ta fram förslag på materialstyrningsmetoder som återförsäljaren kan använda för att tillfredsställa efterfrågan. Med hjälp av inhämtat data i form av inköps- och försäljningshistorik, årsredovisning, tidmätningar och intervjuer beräknades svaren för frågor kring hur stora beställningarna ska vara, när de ska läggas och hur stort säkerhetslagret ska vara enligt olika materialstyrningsmetoder. De uppnådda resultaten analyserades sedan med hänsyn till ekonomiska aspekter för återförsäljaren och för att kunna ge rekommendationer inför framtiden. Detta arbete fokuserade på två materialstyrningsmetoder. Dessa var den ekonomiska orderkvantiteten (EOQ) och täcktidsplaneringen. När den ekonomiska orderkvantiteten används för materialstyrningen beräknas beställningarnas storlek utifrån historiska data och är konstant, det vill säga att varje beställning har samma kvantitet. Beställningarna läggs när en viss nivå i lagret nås, den är alltså inte tidsbunden. Inom täcktidsplaneringen läggs beställningar när en viss tid har förflutit sedan den senaste beställningen. Beställningarnas storlekar kan variera från gång till gång då beställningskvantiteten används för att nå en viss lagernivå. Dessa metoder genomfördes i två varianter. I den första varianten genomfördes beräkningar genom att använda data från hela året utan säsongsindelning. I den andra varianten tillämpades en säsongsvariation, då återförsäljaren upplever variationer i efterfrågan under årets gång. Här genomfördes separata beräkningar för högsäsong och lågsäsong. I teorin bör detta ge mer optimala värden för att tillfredsställa kundernas varierande efterfrågan under de olika säsongerna under året. Att anpassa lagernivån till den efterfrågan som finns innebär även att man inte binder mer kapital än nödvändigt. Samtliga alternativa lösningar som analyserades leder till lägre bundet kapital och därmed lagerföringskostnader än i nuläget, samt att servicenivån är högre än i nuläget. Inför framtiden rekommenderas att återförsäljaren analyserar mer data från fler år för att tydligare kunna bestämma trender i efterfrågan, för att på så sätt kunna anpassa sig bättre efter kundernas behov. Det rekommenderas även att återförsäljaren bör undersöka liknande lösningar för materialstyrningen från andra leverantörer.
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Gerstädt, Adrian, and Emil Morgén. "Mekaniska egenskaper hos mjuka heterogena biomaterial : Tillämpning på polyuretanskum." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10349.
Full textAbstract:
Denna rapport behandlar genomförandet av ett examensarbete på högskolenivå inom maskinteknik vid Högskolan i Borås. Examensarbetet har utförts hos SP Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut AB, enheterna SP Safety – Mechanical Research i Borås och Göteborg samt Food and Bioscience i Göteborg. Den största delen av arbetet har utförts vid sektionen Mechanical Research Göteborg. Målet med examensarbetet var att kombinera analys av experimentell bilddata från konfokalmikroskopi och mekanisk lastdata från en dragcell som gradvis deformerar ett polyuretanskum med modellering av skummets mekaniska egenskaper med hjälp av finita elementmetoder (FEM). Syftet var att bestämma elasticitetsmodul och Poissons tal. En viktig del av projektet var också att säkerställa hög repeterbarhet och möjliggöra vidareutveckling av metodiken genom att skapa rutiner för hur de olika delmomenten i arbetscykeln bäst utförs. Polyuretanskum, liksom många andra mjuka heterogena biomaterial saknar i dagsläget uppmätta eller beräknade mekaniska egenskaper. Därför finns potential för att den framtagna metodiken kommer till användning för att bestämma materialparametrar och analysera beteenden för fler av dessa material. Genom att bestämma materialparametrarna är det sedan möjligt att¬ utföra hållfasthetsberäkningar på sådana material, och korrelera materialparametrarna till processparametrarna vid tillverkningen för att optimera materialets egenskaper. Studien började med att ett prov av polyuretanskum placerades i en dragcell där det utsattes för en kraft så att det gradvis deformerades. Med hjälp av ett konfokalmikroskop kan hela deformationsprocessen följas i hög upplösning. De framtagna bildserierna analyserades sedan med hjälp av DaVis, en mjukvara som genomför så kallad digital image correlation-analys, med vars hjälp lokala förskjutningar kunde bestämmas. För att kunna utföra FEM-beräkningar delades materialstrukturen in i elementnät med hjälp av den fritt tillgängliga programvaran OOF2. Elementnät och förskjutningsdata importerades sedan till Matlab och insticksmodulen CalFEM. Med hjälp av CalFEM konstruerades en materialmodell med elasticitetsmodul och Poissons tal som inparametrar. Valideringskriterium användes för att säkerställa korrektheten i finita elementanalyserna. Elasticitetsmodulen bestämdes till 4.6 MPa och Poissons tal till 0.33 ± 0.06. Med tillgängliga data kunde inte modellen användas för att uppskatta båda parametrarna samtidigt. Poissons tal bestämdes genom manuell analys av bildserierna. Metodiken kan förbättras och vidareutvecklas genom att analysera fler provbitar för att ta hänsyn till lokala fluktuationer i materialstrukturen, samt avbilda provet i tredimensioner. Tredimensionell avbildning skulle också möjliggöra konstruktion av en tredimensionell beräkningsmodell av materialet.This bachelor thesis deals with the implementation of a degree in mechanical engineering at the University of Borås. The thesis work has been conducted at SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden AB at the departments SP Safety – Mechanical Research in Borås and Gothenburg and Food and Bioscience in Gothenburg. The major part of the work has been done at the Mechanical Research department in Gothenburg. The aim of the thesis work was to combine analysis of experimental image data from confocal laser scanning microscopy and mechanical load data from a tensile cell that gradually deforms a polyurethane foam with modelling of the mechanical properties of the foam using finite element methods (FEM). The purpose was to determine Young’s modulus and Poisson's ratio. A crucial part of the project was also to facilitate a high degree of repeatability and further development of the method through establishing routines and best practices for how to implement different parts of the method. There is currently a lack of measured or calculated properties for polyurethane foams, as is the case also for many other soft heterogeneous biomaterials. This implies that the developed method has potential use for determining material parameters and analyzing behavior also for other materials of this type. Determining the material parameters facilitates strength calculations on these materials and makes it possible to correlate material parameters to process parameters during manufacturing to optimize material performance. The polyurethane foam was placed in a tensile cell, exposed to a force and slowly, gradually deformed. Using a confocal microscope, the entire deformation process can be observed at high resolution. The obtained image series were then analyzed using DaVis, a software that can perform so called digital image correlation analysis where local displacements could be determined. In order to perform the finite element calculations, the material structure was divided into an element mesh using the software OOF2. The element mesh and displacement data were then imported to Matlab and the plugin module CalFEM. Using CalFEM, a material model involving Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio was created. Young’s modulus was determined to be 4.6 MPa and Poisson’s ratio 0.33 ± 0.06. Using the available data, the model was insufficient to determine both parameters simultaneously. Therefore, Poisson’s ratio was determined through manual analysis of the image series. The method can be improved and further developed mainly by analyzing several samples to account for local fluctuations in the material structure and by using three-dimensional imaging methods. The latter would also open up for creating a three-dimensional model of the material.
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Donado, Morcillo Carlos Alberto. "Development of lightweight and low-cost microwave components for remote-sensing applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47532.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the proposed research is to design, implement, and characterize low-cost, lightweight front-end components and subsystems in the microwave domain through innovative packaging architectures for remote sensing applications. Particular emphasis is placed on system-on-package (SoP) solutions implemented in organic substrates as a low-cost alternative to conventional, expensive, rigid, and fragile radio- frequency substrates. To this end, the dielectric properties of organic substrates RT/duroid 5880, 6002 and 6202 are presented from 30 GHz to 70 GHz, covering most of the Ka and V radar bands, giving also a thorough insight on the uncertainty of the microstrip ring resonator method by means of the Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis.
Additionally, an ultra-thin, high-power antenna-array technology, with transmit/ receive (T/R) functionality is introduced for mobile applications in the X band. Two lightweight SoP T/R array panels are presented in this work using novel technologies such as Silicon Germanium integrated circuits and microelectromechanical system switches on a hybrid organic package of liquid crystal polymer and RT/duroid 5880LZ. A maximum power of 47 dBm is achieved in a package with a thickness of 1.8 mm without the need of bulky thermal management devices.
Finally, to address the thermal limitations of thin-film substrates of interest (liquid crystal polymer, RT/duroid 6002, alumina and Aluminum Nitride), a thermal assessment of microstrip structures is presented in the X band, along with the thermal characterization of the dielectric properties of RT/duroid 6002 from 20 C to 200 C and from 30 GHz to 70 GHz. Additional high-power, X-band technologies presented in this work include: a novel and compact topology for evanescent mode filters, and low-profile Wilkinson power dividers implemented on Aluminum Nitride using Tantalum Nitride thin-film resistors.
30
Khasgiwale, Rushikesh Shree. "Utilizing physical layer information to improve RFID tag identification." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/2075.
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Chen, Wei-Fan, and 陳韋帆. "Gate-First TaN/La2O3/SiO2/Ge n-MOSFETs Using Laser Annealing." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13662514242250053351.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華大學
電機工程學系碩士班
99
The small bandgap (EG) Ge shows high potential for MOSFET application due to both higher electron and hole mobility than Si. However, the difficult challenges are the high leakage current of small EG, poor high- k/Ge interface property, and low doping activation at ion-implanted source-drain. To address the leakage current issue, we pioneered the defect-free Ge-on-insulator (GOI or GeOI) structure and ultra-thin body Ge-on-Si. The high- k/Ge interface property can also be improved by using an ultra-thin robust SiO2 interfacial layer. Nevertheless, the poor doping activation by RTA is still an issue, while the high temperature RTA degrades the mobility by Ge out-diffusion and forming poor interface. Although a gate-last process with GeO2 dielectric was developed for this purpose , the gate-first process is still attractive for much simple process. Besides, the filling in narrower gate opening with both high- k and metal using gate-last process is another concern, since Ge is expected to implement in 15~10 nm node CMOS. In this paper we have used low energy laser annealing to improve the doping activation of ion-implanted source-drain and preserve good high- k/Ge interface, while laser annealing is also essential for ultra-shallow junction. High performance gate-first TaN/La2O3/SiO2/Ge n-MOSFET was obtained using laser annealing, with high peak mobility of 603 cm2/Vs and 0.75 MV/cm mobility of 304 cm2/Vs at small 1.9 nm EOT. The good mobility at high effective electric field (Eeff) is required for highly scaled MOSFET with small EOT. These results are beyond the best reported data for gate-first metal-gate/high- k/Ge n-MOSFET at small EOT < 2 nm.
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Huang, Ying-Shi, and 黃英士. "The Sha-tuo and later Tang dynasty’s political situation." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01865960706845915656.
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Kaleem, Muhammad Khizer. "Physical Layer Approach for Securing RFID Systems." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7702.
Full textAbstract:
Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is a contactless, automatic identification wireless technology primarily used for identifying and tracking of objects, goods and humans. RFID is not only limited to identification and tracking applications. This proliferating wireless technology has been deployed in numerous securities sensitive applications e.g. access control, e-passports, contactless payments, driver license, transport ticking and health cards.
RFID inherits all the security and privacy problems that are related to wireless technology and in addition to those that are specific to RFID systems. The security and privacy protection schemes proposed in literature for wireless devices are mostly secured through symmetric/asymmetric keys encryption/decryption and hash functions. The security of all these cryptographic algorithms depends on computationally complex problems that are hard to compute using available resources. However, these algorithms require cryptographic operations on RFID tags which contradict the low cost demand of RFID tags. Due to limited number of logic gates in tags, i.e., 5K-10K, these methods are not practical. Much research effort has done in attempt to solve consumer's privacy and security problem. Solutions that prevent clandestine inventory are mostly application layer techniques.
To solve this problem, a new RFID physical layer scheme has been proposed namely Direct Sequence Backscatter Encryption (DSB Enc). The proposed scheme uses level generator to produce different levels before transmitting the signal to the tag. The tag response to the signal sent by the reader using backscatter communications on the same signal which looks random to the eavesdropper. Therefore eavesdropper cannot extract the information from reader to tag and tag to reader communication using passive eavesdropping. As reader knows the different generated levels added to the carrier signal, it can remove the levels and retrieve the tag's messages.
We proposed a lightweight, low-cost and practically secure physical layer security to the RFID system, for a supply chain processing application, without increasing the computational power and tag's cost. The proposed scheme was validated by simulations on GNU Radio and experimentation using SDR and a WISP tag. Our implementation and experimental results validate that DSB Enc is secure against passive eavesdropping, replay and relay attacks. It provides better results in the presence of AWGN channel.
34
HONG, XIANG-XIAN, and 洪湘閑. "Study on Correlation between Investment Layer, Effective Tax Rate and Audit Fee." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gjaa8d.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
會計學系
107
Study by Hsu and Liu (2018) and Gul et al. (2018) found that companies setting up investment layers can reduce effective tax rates and increase audit fees. However, in recent years, countries have enacted anti-tax avoidance rules and tax transparency laws. Does the tax avoidance benefit obtained by the above-mentioned enterprises through the investment hierarchy still exist? Therefore, this study was carried out after the implementation of the anti-tax avoidance law by Taiwan listed companies from 2013 to 2017. The empirical results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the investment level and the effective tax rate. It is also found that in the consolidated report, the larger the scope of the principal auditor is not checked, the more the investment level, the higher the audit fee, and the investment level will slow down the main investigation. The impact of the principal auditor’s unchecked scope on the audit fee has changed since the implementation of the Anti-tax avoidance act in Taiwan.
35
CHEN, YEN-CHEN, and 陳彥丞. "Study on The Process of TaC-Coated Graphite Crucibles for Protective Layer." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vxzbvb.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
製造科技研究所
107
In this study, Tantalum carbide graphite crucible protective layer was prepared by wet ceramic technology, vacuum debinding, pressureless sintering system and DC sputtering system. This study is the development of tantalum carbide protective layer for graphite crucible process integration technology. It is designed to reduce graphite crucible consumption. Which is divided into slurry blending, coating method and sintering to explore the physical properties of protective layer at all stages. In this paper, the effect of different polymer binders adhesives on the viscosity of slurry is discussed. The coating method, the effects of different coating methods on density and mechanical properties for protective layer were discussed. For the protective layer sintering at 1800oC, 2000oC, 2100oC, For the phase, micro-morphology and mechanical properties analysis. The results show that the tantalum powder is fully carbonized into TaC phase at 1800 °C, 2000oC and 2100 °C, furthermore 2100 °C provided more sintering energy to densify the protective layer, and its strength reaches 548.5Hv0.05. The coating method was developed to prepare a tantalum carbide protective layer thickness more than 100 μm and no separated with graphite crucible, and average shrinkage ratio was 2.08%.
36
Sung, Ying-Chao, and 宋英超. "Study of nucleation and growth on TaN Barrier Layer with Wet Activation." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rbv3b3.
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Ansari, Hosseinzadeh Vahideh. "Development of a non-contact blood rheometer using acoustic levitation and laser scattering techniques." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/36142.
Full textAbstract:
Coagulopathy, a condition in which blood coagulation is impaired, can be inherited or result from a variety of conditions including severe trauma, illness or surgery. Perioperative monitoring of a patient’s coagulation status is important to identify coagulopathic patients. Thromboelastography or TEG remains the gold standard for whole blood coagulation monitoring. However, TEG suffers from certain well-documented drawbacks such as contact containment and manipulation of the blood sample, large and uncontrolled strain, and the inability to distinguish the contribution of elasticity and viscosity during blood coagulation. We developed a non-contact blood rheometer which uses a single drop of blood to measure its viscoelastic properties. Small sample size (typically 5-15 μL), low shear strain (linear viscoelasticity), and non-contact manipulation and containment of samples make this technique unique for real-time monitoring of blood coagulation.
In the first part of this work, we addressed the development of the technique, benchmarking the results against known material properties standards. We observed large amplitude oscillations of the levitated drop results in multiple resonance modes and excessive dissipation. We suggested upper bound limits for drop oscillation amplitudes required to satisfy the Lamb theoretical expressions for drop frequency and damping. In the second part, we applied our technique to study sickle-cell disease. Our technique showed that the shape oscillation of blood drops was able to assess an abnormally increased viscosity in sickle cell patients when compared with normal controls over a range of hematocrit. Furthermore, the technique was sensitive enough to detect viscosity changes induced by hydroxyurea treatment. The third part of this work focused on blood coagulation monitoring. The technique showed sensitivity to coagulation parameters, such as platelet count, calcium ion concentration, and hematocrit. A comparison of the results with TEG showed coagulation started sooner in the levitation technique, but with a lower rate and lower maximum stiffness. Thus, the technique developed can be used as a monitoring tool to assess blood mechanical properties sensitively enough to be of use in clinical diagnostic settings.2020-06-04T00:00:00Z
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Liu, Kai-Di, and 劉凱迪. "The Effects of Core Filtering layer in Seismic Response Analysis of Jenyi-Tan Earthfill Dam." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qrjsbe.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災研究所
96
There are more than 20 earthfill dams with height over 15 meters in the island of Taiwan for irrigation, industry usages and drinking purposes. According to Central Weather Bureau, every year between 1991 and 2006, there were more than 1000 earthquakes measured, thus it is importance to study of the seismic response of earthfill dams. There are many methods for the purpose of seismic response analysis of earthfill dam. The common methods are the pseudo static analysis, finite element analysis and finite difference analysis. Here, the seismic response of Renyi-Tan earthfill dam has been studied. The study adopted the acceleration records of September 21, 1999, Ji-Ji earthquake, October 22, 1999, Chai-Yi earthquake and ideal sine wave acceleration and observed the effects of these accelerations together with the effects of filtering layer under the downstream slope on the pore-water pressure and settlement of the dam. Hysteretic damping was used to model the changes of shear modulus during shaking.
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Araujo, Roy A. "Metal Nitride Diffusion Barriers for Copper Interconnects." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2008-12-159.
Full textAbstract:
Advancements in the semiconductor industry require new materials with
improved performance. With the introduction of copper as the interconnect material for
integrated circuits, efficient diffusion barriers are required to prevent the diffusion of
copper into silicon, which is primarily through grain boundaries. This dissertation
reports the processing of high quality stoichiometric thin films of TiN, TaN and HfN,
and studies their Cu diffusion barrier properties.
Epitaxial metastable cubic TaN (B1-NaCl) thin films were grown on Si(001)
using an ultra-thin TiN (B1-NaCl) seed layer which was as thin as 1 nm. The TiN/TaN
stacks were deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD), with the TiN thickness
systematically reduced from 15 to 1 nm. Microstructural studies included X-ray
diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM
(HRTEM). Preliminary Cu diffusion experiments showed that the TiN seed layer
thickness had little or no obvious effect on the overall microstructure and the diffusion
barrier properties of the TaN/TiN stacks. Epitaxial and highly textured cubic HfN (B1-NaCl) thin films (~100 nm) were
deposited on MgO(001) and Si(001) using PLD. Low resistivities (~40 mu omega-cm) were
measured with a four point probe (FPP). Microstructural characterizations included
XRD, TEM, and HRTEM. Preliminary Cu diffusion tests demonstrated good diffusion
barrier properties, suggesting that HfN is a promising candidate for Cu diffusion
barriers.
Cubic HfN (B1-NaCl) thin films were grown epitaxially on Si(001) substrates by
using a TiN (B1-NaCl) buffer layer as thin as ~10 nm. The HfN/TiN stacks were
deposited by PLD with an overall thickness less than 60 nm. Detailed microstructural
characterizations included XRD, TEM, and HRTEM. The electrical resistivity measured
by FPP was as low as 70 mu omega-cm. Preliminary copper diffusion tests showed good
diffusion barrier properties with a diffusion depth of 2~3 nm after vacuum annealing at
500 degrees C for 30 minutes.
Additional samples with Cu deposited on top of the cubic HfN/TiN/Si(001) were
vacuum annealed at 500 degrees C, 600 degrees C and 650 degrees C for 30 minutes. The diffusivity of copper
in the epitaxial stack was investigated using HRTEM. The measured diffusion depths,
2 Dt , were 3, 4 and 5 nm at 500 degrees C, 600 degrees C and 650 degrees C respectively. Finally, the
diffusivity of Cu into epitaxial HfN was determined to be D=D0 exp(-Q/kT)cm2s-1 with D0=2.3x10-14cm2s-1 and Q=0.52eV.
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Gomathinayagam, Arun Bharath. "Evaluation of a System Layer Design for the Visual Knowledge Builder." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10252.
Full textAbstract:
When users are searching for documents, they must sift through a collection of potentially relevant documents assessing, categorizing and prioritizing them based on the current task at hand, a process we refer to as document triage. Since users' time is precious, as much information as possible should be presented to them to aid the process of document triage. This thesis presents a simple visualization and a set of features that can help users in identifying information of interest. As a part of this thesis, the System Layer of the Visual Knowledge Builder (VKB) was developed as a tab strip container. Each of the tabs presents a different type of information about Web Documents. The types of information currently included in VKB are: a summary of the Web Document, keywords based on users' interests provided by the Interest Profile Manager (IPM), popular keywords from a social bookmarking site, metadata about the Web Document, a list of outgoing links of the Web Document, and the history of the Web Document. We performed a heuristic evaluation to assess the usefulness of the new visualization and features. During the evaluation, participants were asked to rate the usefulness of each of the new web document features over a scale of 1 to 7, where a value of 1 indicated strong disagreement, and 7 indicated strong agreement. Our results indicate that the document summary, the keywords from IPM, popular tags, and the history of the Web Document are expected to be most useful during the process of document triage.
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Yi, Ding, and 丁逸. "Effect Of Co Inserted Layer On The Dielectric And Magnetic-Dielectric Effects In BTO/SiO/TaO Ceramics." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74557063002308414434.
Full textAbstract:
博士輔仁大學
應用科學與工程研究所博士班
100
Co inserted layer with thickness varied from 0 to 20 nm on the dielectric permittivity of Ta2O5、SiO2 and BaTiO3 films fabricated on glass B270 substrates by the reactive sputtering technique was studied. The variation of dielectric constant for films which is dependent on the thickness of the Co inserted layer were measured from 150 kHz to 30 MHz. The dielectric constant is around 7.4~7.6 for Ta2O5/B270、SiO2/B270、BaTiO3/B270 films and B270 glass substrate. However, it is rapidly raised up for all the samples of trilayer thin films with the thickness of Co inserted layer larger than 2 nm. This enhancement behavior of the dielectric constant could be explained by the growth mechanism of the Co inter-layer from island clusters to continuous Co layer for samples with x larger than 2 nm. For studying the growth mechanism of the Co inserted layer, we fabricated bilayer samples with Co/SiO2、Co/ Ta2O5 and Co/ BaTiO3 structures, and an atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to study the surface morphology roughness behavior. The roughness increases with increasing the thickness of Co layer roughly below 2 nm. After the pick value for samples with 2 nm Co, the roughness decreases with increasing the thickness. This is related to the formation of a continuous Co layer on top layer after the thickness of Co layer is larger than 2 nm. For identifying the cross section of the samples with Co inserted layer, a transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used. The cross section TEM pictures for samples show cluster andcontinuous distribution of the morphology of the inserted Co layer in trilayer thin films. From both the AFM and TEM investigations, we demonstrate experimentally that the enhancement of the dielectr ic constant is related to the formation of a continuous Co inserted layer for samples with x larger than 2~3 nm. In other words, the adding of a Co inserted layer in Ta2O5、SiO2 and BaTiO3 films will redistribute the interface charges owing to the Maxwell-Wagner mechanism, and therefore will enhance both the intrinsic polarization and its dielectric constant of these films. When applying a magnetic field parallel to the films, a 0.02 ~ 0.80 % variation in the dielectric constant for samples with x larger than 1~2 nm was experimentally observed. This increase behavior is roughly saturated under an applied magnetic field roughly above 40~60 Oe. From this study, the magnetodielectric properties in trilayer thin films are manifested and it has potential for a ferroic sensor application.
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Chen, Jiang-Hung, and 陳江宏. "Characterization and Two-Bit Operation Study of Flash Memory with Al2O3 Blocking Layer and TaN Metal Gate." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81933356324882937762.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
工程與系統科學系
98
Compared with the amorphous-Si thin film transistors (TFTs), low-temperature poly-Si (LTPS) TFTs have higher mobility that help shrinking the transistor dimension, enhance the circuit operation speed, increase the transistor density on circuit, and add function of design capability of the circuit. The Pi-gate nanowires (NWs) with TaN metal gate and Al2O3 blocking layer were introduced to the poly-Si TFT nonvolatile memory. These devices have drawn much attention because of their wide applications on active matrix crystal displays (AMLCDs), and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Furthermore, the LTPS TFTs will help to carry out three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D-ICs) for system-on–chip (SOC) and fully functional system-on-panel (SOP) applications. In this thesis, introducing NWs channel in NVM increase gate controllability and program/erase speed (P/E) speed. The P/E speed and data retention can be improved by introducing Al2O3 high-κ blocking oxide. The erase efficiency of the TaN gate device is higher than the Poly-Si device due to the work function of the TaN is higher than the Poly-Si. The unwanted backward FN tunneling current of electron through the blocking oxide is significantly suppressed. Because of the discrete traps of Si3N4, two-bit operation could be achieved. We discuss two kinds of two-bit operations. In addition, we discuss the dual gate poly-Si TFT NVM with Al2O3 blocking layer and TaN metal gate. Dual gate devices exhibit low leakage current in the off state and high program and erase speed due to the more edge-induced fringe electric field at each corner. A novel two-bit per cell operation is performed by modulated Fowler-Nordheim (MFN) programming and band-to-band tunneling-induced hot-hole injection (BTBT HH) erasing. The dual gate TANOS memory shows larger memory window and clear distinguish ability than single gate memory under two-bit operation
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Ye, Chuan-Tsai, and 葉全財. "A Personnel Analysis of Chih-Kung-Chu on the Later Tang - Focused on Li-Pu-Shih-Lang." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11715189975469462816.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
歷史學系所
97
Zhi-Gong-Ju (Examination Administrators) of Tang Dynasty had transferred its authorities form Kao-Gong-Yuan-Wai-Lang in Board of Civil Office to Li-Pu- Shih-Lang (Vice Directors of Board of Rites) at Kai-yuan 24th year. The promotions of Zhi-Gong-Ju Chief Examiner represented the new era of Gong-Ju (Examination System) system. From then on, Board of Civil Office focused on selecting government officials, and Board of Rites was responsible for selecting the reserves of officials. This research was expected to increase the understanding of Zhi-Gong-Ju Chief Examiner of the later Tang through the discussion in the following chapters. This study is divided into five chapters: Chapter one is research motivation, literature review, research method and the arrangement of chapters. It demonstrated the related issues, narrations and researches that had done before. It also explained the problems that this study wanted to resolve and the possible restraints that a researcher would encounter. Chapter two took Li-Pu-Shih-Lang as an example to discuss Zhi-Gong-Ju’s authorities, and also explained the subjects and content of Gong-Ju in Tang, the forms of examination, ant the developments of Zhi-Gong-Ju’s authorities. Chapter three discussed Zhi-Gong-Ju’s family background, official by examination, and the transference and promotion. This chapter also took Li-Pu-Shih-Lang as an example to explain the Zhi-Gong-Ju Chief Examiner’s official by examination and social class. It analyzed Zhi-Gong-Ju Chief Examiner’s selecting ways by discussing Li-Pu-Shih-Lang, also discussed the influences of Zhi-Gong-Ju toward their officials. Chapter four inspected the operation of Gong-Ju by discussing the Zhi-Gong-Ju Chief Examiner’s deeds. It also discussed the reasons of maladministration of Gong-Ju. From Tang government’s policies toward these maladministration to investigate how Tang government selected talents, and whether the Gong-Ju can facilitate the floating of social class. Chapter five summarized the achievements of Zhi-Gong-Ju Chief Examiner in the later Tang, the Gong-Ju system and the Zhi-Gong-Ju Chief Examiner’s official career.
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NghiaLe, Trong, and 黎重義. "Security Information Technology of Physical Layer Based on Channel-tap Power for Mobile OFDM Systems and Cognitive Radio Networks." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5wh563.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立成功大學
工程科學系
103
This dissertation investigates security information technologies for mobile orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems and OFDM-based cognitive radio (CR) networks. Traditionally, security is viewed as an independent feature addressed above the physical layer (PHY). All widely used cryptographic protocols are established assuming the PHY layer is merely used to provide an error-free link. However, with the emergence of ad-hoc and decentralized networks, higher-layer security techniques are complex and hard to be implemented. To complement and enhance traditional security mechanism, we study novel schemes for OFDM systems and CR networks based on the channel power-delay profile (PDP), considering channel time and frequency selectivities. More specifically, the PHY layer, employing the properties of OFDM signals over time-variant and multipath fading channels, is aimed to assist the overall authentication process. To identify different transmitters (TXs), we employ the hypothesis test based on their PDPs to distinguish different transmission terminals in OFDM systems and primary user emulation attacks (PUEA) in OFDM-based CR networks. The proposed PDP estimation is obtained based on the redundancy of cyclic prefix (CP), which is a common feature for almost all OFDM systems. In OFDM systems, it is advantageous to use the PDP as the wireless signature, because it depends on the surrounding environment and is therefore considered to be very hard to mimic. In OFDM-based CR networks, channel-tap power is utilized as a radio-frequency fingerprint (RF) to directly detect users via PHY layer. To improve the detection performance of PHY layer in fading channels, the cooperative detection schemes using the fixed sample size test (FSST) and the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) are devised for CR networks. Although different users can be distinguished, it is still impossible to exactly tell identity of a TX as primary user (PU) or PUEA using only PHY layer. Hence, to accurately know identities of PUs and PUEAs, the cross-layer intelligent learning ability of a mobile secondary user (SU) is exploited to establish detection databases by seamlessly combining the quick detection of PHY layer with the accuracy of higher layer authentication. The proposed methods helps PHY layer completely detect the identities of PUs and PUEAs. Finally, the performances are analyzed, and simulations confirm the advantages of the proposed methods.
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Tlhabano, Keotshepile Ontiretse. "A critical analysis of the ‘pay now argue later’ principle in the Tax Administration Act and the justifiability thereof." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26822.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce in the field of Taxation,2018The purpose of this research is to critically analyse and interpret the long standing and legislated principle widely referred to as the pay now argue later principle. This principle requires taxpayers to pay the assessed tax amount (including the associated interest and penalties) over to the South African Revenue Service (‘SARS’). This is notwithstanding the fact that the taxpayer is aggrieved by the assessment, that is, the taxpayer is not in agreement with the assessment and has in fact lodged an objection against the said assessment. The fairness and constitutionality of the pay now argue later principle has been a subject of much debate within and outside taxation circles. In the year 2000, the Constitutional Court, in the Metcash Trading Limited v SARS1 case, found that the court a quo erred in finding the principle not to be constitutional (that is, the High Court found that the principle infringes on a basic human right- the right to access to court) and that the principle is indeed constitutional. In this report, the researcher, through an analysis of the relevant provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996, an analysis of sections in the Tax Administration Act of 2011 making up the pay now argue later principle and the judgments of the High Court and the Constitutional Court, seeks to determine whether the principle infringes on the taxpayers’ right to access to court and if so, is the infringement a justifiable limitation under section 36 of the Constitution.
XL2019
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Chen, Chien-Hua, and 陳建華. "The application of UAV photogrammetry, RTK-GPS and Terrestrial laser sacn techniques to investigate the short-term coastal change of Chi-Sing Tan, Hualien." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84229150218202557109.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
自然資源與環境學系
104
Hualien is one of the most vulnerable regions when typhoon strikes Taiwan. The strong winds and waves of typhoon cause damage to the coastal areas in a very short period resulting in coastal erosion. These events have strongly threatened the people living in the coastal area. To prevent the damaging effects of the strong waves on the populated coast areas, the original natural coast gradually has been replaced by artificial armor blocks. However, at some tourist hot spots, there are no large-scale man-made structure used to protect the coastal areas and we observed significant coastal changes in these areas after typhoon events, for example the coast from Chi-Sing Tan to Chi-Lai Bi, Hualien. Traditionally, the investigation of coast changes adopted points (benchmark height change) and linear (cross section across the coast) survey monitoring methods. Large area survey monitoring using airborne LIDAR or aerial/satellite photogrammetry is rare and expensive. There is a need for establishing a timely and cost-effective large area survey monitoring method for coastal change studies. This study utilized the UAV images between 2014 and 2015 at Chi-Sing Tan Coast, including images of July 2014, July 2015 before a typhoon and August 2015 after the typhoon event. The coast also scaned by using Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and using Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS) to collect ground truths validation data. The overall coastal changes estimated by using Arcmap DSAS (Digital shoreline Analysis system) module to calculate the shoreline change in each period. The area of study area is about 5.84×10^5 m^2, and its volume is 1.1306×10^7 m^3. The results show:(1)Coast retreat by a maximum distance of 4.47 meters, its volume reduced 3.88×10^5 m^3(3.4% of total volume) between July 2014 and July 2015.(2)After typhoon struck, the coast retreat by a maximum distance of 14.09 meters, its volume reduced 1.156×10^6 m^3 (10.2% of total volume) between July 2015 and Agust 2015.(3) Short-term Chi-Sing Tan coastal retreat occurred mainly in bike trails and Chi-Lai Bi sea cliff areas where have no man-made structure protecting the coast.(4) The height calculated by UAV photogrammetry is 0.195 meters lower than those TLS result, indicating the height accuracy of UAV photogrammetry is about 0.2 meters. The UAV photogrammetry could provide fast and accuracy survey data for long term coastal change monitoring
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Feng-Man, Hsu, and 許鳳滿. "Applying Importance-Performance Analysis on the Product Layer of Cultural Festival－A Case Study of Tai-Chung Dajia Mazu International Festival." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41710019057423375437.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北教育大學
文化產業學系暨藝文產業設計與經營碩士班
97
Taiwan looks to diversify and stimulate its economy through all types of festival. Festivals not only provide the opportunities for participation, but also bring economic benefits for local communities. However there are some issues behind this prosperity. For example, some Taiwan cultural festivals pay more attention on their activities rather than promoting cultural meanings. Thus festivals may lose their core value and have been over commercialization. Furthermore festivals may lose their reputation and participants. To achieve sustainability of festival, knowing the core value of a cultural festival and how to management cultural festivals in terms of customer perspective are crucial issues. To this end, this study adopted product layer theory to analyze a famous cultural festival - Tai-Chung Dajia Mazu International Festival through Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). In this study, author categorized the cultural festival product into three sub-groups: core product, actual product and augmented product by using product layer theory. This study surveyed participants of Tai-Chung Dajia Mazu International Festival to understand their perceptions of festival products’ importance and performance. According to research results, the major participants are people with folk belief or lived in mid Taiwan or participating parade. Their main purpose is worship. Core product plays an important role in this festival. Augmented product rated high importance, but its performance was low that means the organizer should put more resources on it to satisfy customers’ needs. This approach provides a systematic method of detecting and understanding the diversity of participants’ perceptions of the cultural festival. This project also contributes to the literature by providing empirical findings linking product layer to Importance-Performance Analysis.
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Yang, Shu-Chun, and 楊淑珺. "Time wound and world situation contemplation - The analyzation of Lin Xian-Tang''s poetry and diaries during the later years in Japan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j82a6x.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
台灣文學與跨國文化研究所
102
Lin Hsien-tang（林獻堂） (1881-1956), came from a prominent family in Wufeng , is leader of the national movement during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan.He spent his life for the equity of Taiwan people. After World War II, the mood of the reunification with the motherland, was distroied by a series of significant impact on the political of economic and sociaty.In September of 1949 Lin Hsien-tang went to Japan for the rest and recuperation. Since then he did not go back to Taiwan until his death. Lin Hsien-tang’s later years of life reflect not only his personal tragedy.In fact, it reflects the frustration and trauma of Taiwanese in the tide of history. Because of the particularity of Lin Hsien-tang’s life histories，the time wound and world situation contemplation during the later years in Japan therefore has its importance. Lin Hsien-tang’s creation assembled in 1951 as the "Dong-you-yin-cao" （東遊吟草）.The diary of Lin Hsien-tang is the records of his life. The diary across the Japanese colonial period and the national government after the war, This thesis intended to " Dong-you-yin-cao " and the " The diary of Lin Hsien-tang " as the main material, explored the thoughts and feelings of Lin Hsien-tang’s later years in Japan. There were five chapters in the thesis.The first chapter was to describe the motivation and target of the research, the review of relative papers about Lin Hsien-t’ang, the scope the research, the arrangement of chapter and section of the thesis. The second chapter was to realize the reasons of Lin Hsien-tang’s living to Japan after the war and the reasons for the delay of no return. The third chapter was to write Lin Hsien-tang’s life and feelings in Japan. The fourth chapter was to discuss the world situation contemplation and the observations of different cultures in Lin Hsien-tang’s staying in Japan. The fifth chapter was to make a conclusion of the research.
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MEI-LIN, LIN, and 林美玲. "Applying Chinese Poem As on Stimulation in Design Creativity－Using the poem of “Lee, shang- yin " in the later period of Tang dynasty." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48230224558650020831.
Full textAbstract:
碩士長庚大學
工業設計研究所
94
Abstract Industrial design and macro market are facing the global local competition. In the post modern society of the 21th century, to discover the culture resources and its applicational strategy have become the new badge of culture & creative industry. “Creativity” has been thought as the key driving force to structure the knowledge economy society in this century. The relationships between design, art, human, life, culture, and society are getting close. On the basis of this background, this research surveys the process of our culture property and industrial design. The purpose of this study are 1)Study the way industrial designers, being good in thinking by the graphic, utilize non graphical media in the design process; 2)The way domestic students, who used to be educated by the western ID concept, treat and use the culture resources, such like Chinese poetry. This research utilized “three dimension of creativity” including: 1)“Self evaluation” questionnaire and the Creative Personality Scale. 2)“Graphical and Verbal Potential Creativity test” adapted from “Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking” (Torrance, 1974) by Dr. Wu. 3) “Creativity Performance” shown by design task experiment. 4) Extensive interview to conduct the empirical and qualitative study. The goal of this study was to assist the design educators to think about how to stimulate the creativity of the students of industrial design by Chinese poetry. The results indicated that the industrial design students were used to produce the design concepts using graphical example. However, there were 94.4% subjects in the survey still encountered obstacles, indicating that graphical examples can not solve such situations. We found that the industrial design students have better creativity potential in language. Through the interview with subjects, we also found the industrial design students were interested in using and learning the Chinese poetry. The results also shown that except the elaboration there were no differences between the Chinese poetry and graphical examples in the test of creativity. The meanings and images of the Chinese poetry affected the design fluency, flexibility and the total scores in terms of Torrance test. The subjects can not understand the whole image of Chinese poetry, and they took the simplest meaning in the experience. Therefore, we suggest to precede the learning and preparation for this particular creativity tools. Industrial designers excel the other students in the creativity potential in language. Once the non graphical tool could be used in the design education, it is possible to expect the culture potential harvesting the design creativity in the future.
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Walther, Tillmann. "Beeinflussung funktionaler Schichteigenschaften bei der thermischen Atomlagenabscheidung von Tantalnitrid sowie Ruthenium." Master's thesis, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27653.
Full textAbstract:
Thermische TaN ALD mit den Präkursoren TBTDET und TBTEMT, NH3 als zweiten Reaktanten und Ar als inertes Spülgas ist untersucht worden. Als Messverfahren zur Bewertung ist zeitlich aufgelöste in-situ spektroskopische Ellipsometrie mit einer Datenerfassungsrate von 0,86 Datenpunkte/s, sowie in-vacuo XPS und AFM verwendet worden. Es konnten sehr glatte homogene geschlossene TaN-Dünnschichten mit einem Ta:N-Verhältnis von 0,6, -Verunreinigungen von ca. 5 at.% (TBTDET) bzw. 9 at.% (TBTEMT) und einem GPC von ca. 0,6 nm/Zyklus im linearen Wachstumsbereich hergestellt werden. Eine O3-Vorbehandlung einer SiO2-Oberfläche beschleunigt die initiale Phase der TaN-Abscheidung. Die abgeschiedenen TaN-Schichten zeigen sich sehr reaktiv auf O2.:1. Einleitung 1
I. Theorie 4
2. Anwendungsfelder von TaN & Ru-ALD-Dünnschichten 5
2.1. Anwendungsfelder von TaN ALD Dünnschichten 5
2.2. Anwendungsfelder von Ru ALD Dünnschichten 5
2.3. TaN/Ru-Schichtstapel als Cu-Diffusionsbarriere 6
3. Atomlagenabscheidung (ALD) 8
3.1. Idealisiertes Grundprinzip der ALD 8
3.2. Mögliche Nichtidealitäten eines ALD-Prozesses 10
3.3. Klassifikation von ALD-Prozessen 12
3.4. TaN-Abscheidung mithilfe eines thermischen TBTDET bzw. TBTEMT
und NH3-Prozesses 13
3.5. Ru-Abscheidung mithilfe eines ALD-Prozesses 16
4. Grundlagen von Schichtcharakterisierungsmethoden 17
4.1. Spektroskopische Ellipsometrie (SE) 17
4.2. Röntgenphotonenelektronenspektroskopie (XPS) 19
4.3. Rasterkraftmikroskopie im nicht-Kontakt-Modus (non-contact AFM) 20
4.4. Vierspitzenprober (4PP) 21
II. Praxis 23
5. Experimentelle Methodik 24
5.1. ALD-Reaktor mit in-situ Ellipsometer und in-vacuo XPS und AFM/STM 24
5.1.1. Prozesskammer 24
5.1.2. In-situ Ellipsometer und in-vakuo Messtechnik 24
5.1.3. Bei ALD TaN-Prozessen verwendete Parameter 25
5.2. ALD-Reaktor mit Blitzlampenfeld für Blitz-ALD 26
5.3. Vorgehensweise bei der in-situ Ellipsometrie 27
5.3.1. Übersicht 27
5.3.2. Details zur Datenerfassung 29
5.3.3. Details zur optischen Modellierung 32
5.3.4. Datennachbearbeitung: Erstellung von ALD-Zyklus-Wachstums Diagrammen 40
5.3.5. Datennachbearbeitung: Extrahierung von Parametern aus ALDZyklus-Wachstums Diagrammen 41
5.3.6. Fehlerbetrachtung 43
5.4. Vorgehensweise bei XPS-Experimenten 43
5.5. Weitere verwendete ex-situ Messtechniken 45
5.6. O2-Aufnahme einer abgeschiedenen TaN-Schicht 46
6. Thermische ALD TaN Schichtuntersuchungen an iSE-ALD-Anlage 47
6.1. O3-Vorbehandlung 47
6.1.1. Einführung 47
6.1.2. Auswirkungen auf natives und thermisches SiO2 47
6.1.3. Temperatureinfluss 49
6.2. Analyse mithilfe von Präkursor TBTDET abgeschiedener thermischer ALD TaN Dünnschichten 50
6.2.1. Verwendete Prozessparameter 50
6.2.2. Initialer (heterogener) Wachstumsbereich 51
6.2.3. Linearer (homogener) Wachstumsbereich 52
6.2.4. CVD-Verhalten von TBTDET bei 160 und 210 C 55
6.2.5. Nachbehandlungen (Tempern und O2-Aufnahme) 56
6.2.6. Fazit 58
6.3. Analyse mithilfe von Präkursor TBTEMT abgeschiedener thermischer ALD TaN Dünnschichten 58
6.3.1. Initialer (heterogener) Wachstumsbereich 58
6.3.2. Linearer (homogener) Wachstumsbereich 60
6.3.3. Nachbehandlung mit O2 64
6.3.4. Fazit 64
6.4. Vergleich der Präkursoren TBTDET & TBTEMT für die thermische TaN-ALD 66
6.4.1. Einführung 66
6.4.2. Vergleich XPS-Ergebnisse & O2-Aufnahme 68
6.4.3. Vergleich iSE-Ergebnisse 68
6.4.4. Vergleich AFM-Ergebnisse 70
6.4.5. Fazit 70
7. Prozessentwicklung an Flash-ALD-Anlage 72
7.1. Einführung 72
7.2. Temperaturvariation 73
7.3. Pulszeitvariationen 74
7.4. Eigenzersetzung von TBTEMT (CVD-Abscheidung) 77
7.5. Zusammenfassung zur Prozessentwicklung 78
7.6. Erste Ergebnisse zum Blitzeinfluss 78
7.6.1. Einführung 78
7.6.2. Rauheit (AFM-Ergebnisse) 79
7.6.3. chemische Zusammensetzung(XPS-Ergebnisse) 80
8. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 82
III. Anhang 84
A. XPS-Ergebnis von O2-Nachbehandlung mit Präkursor TBTEMT 85
Literaturverzeichnis 86Thermal ALD with the precursors TBTDET and TBTEMT, NH3 as the second reactant and Ar as inert purging gas was studied. For measuring purposes time-resolved in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry with an data acquisition rate of 0,86 data points/s, in-vacuo XPS and AFM was used. It was possible to deposit very smmoth homogenous closed TaN thin films with a Ta:N rate of about 0,6, contaminations of 5 at.% (TBTDET) and 9 at.% (TBTEMT), respectively, and a GPC of about 0,6 nm/Zyklus. An O3 pretreatment of a SiO2 surface accelerated the initial phase of the TaN atomic layer deposition (ALD) deposition. These TaN-Schichten were very reactiv against O2.:1. Einleitung 1 I. Theorie 4 2. Anwendungsfelder von TaN & Ru-ALD-Dünnschichten 5 2.1. Anwendungsfelder von TaN ALD Dünnschichten 5 2.2. Anwendungsfelder von Ru ALD Dünnschichten 5 2.3. TaN/Ru-Schichtstapel als Cu-Diffusionsbarriere 6 3. Atomlagenabscheidung (ALD) 8 3.1. Idealisiertes Grundprinzip der ALD 8 3.2. Mögliche Nichtidealitäten eines ALD-Prozesses 10 3.3. Klassifikation von ALD-Prozessen 12 3.4. TaN-Abscheidung mithilfe eines thermischen TBTDET bzw. TBTEMT und NH3-Prozesses 13 3.5. Ru-Abscheidung mithilfe eines ALD-Prozesses 16 4. Grundlagen von Schichtcharakterisierungsmethoden 17 4.1. Spektroskopische Ellipsometrie (SE) 17 4.2. Röntgenphotonenelektronenspektroskopie (XPS) 19 4.3. Rasterkraftmikroskopie im nicht-Kontakt-Modus (non-contact AFM) 20 4.4. Vierspitzenprober (4PP) 21 II. Praxis 23 5. Experimentelle Methodik 24 5.1. ALD-Reaktor mit in-situ Ellipsometer und in-vacuo XPS und AFM/STM 24 5.1.1. Prozesskammer 24 5.1.2. In-situ Ellipsometer und in-vakuo Messtechnik 24 5.1.3. Bei ALD TaN-Prozessen verwendete Parameter 25 5.2. ALD-Reaktor mit Blitzlampenfeld für Blitz-ALD 26 5.3. Vorgehensweise bei der in-situ Ellipsometrie 27 5.3.1. Übersicht 27 5.3.2. Details zur Datenerfassung 29 5.3.3. Details zur optischen Modellierung 32 5.3.4. Datennachbearbeitung: Erstellung von ALD-Zyklus-Wachstums Diagrammen 40 5.3.5. Datennachbearbeitung: Extrahierung von Parametern aus ALDZyklus-Wachstums Diagrammen 41 5.3.6. Fehlerbetrachtung 43 5.4. Vorgehensweise bei XPS-Experimenten 43 5.5. Weitere verwendete ex-situ Messtechniken 45 5.6. O2-Aufnahme einer abgeschiedenen TaN-Schicht 46 6. Thermische ALD TaN Schichtuntersuchungen an iSE-ALD-Anlage 47 6.1. O3-Vorbehandlung 47 6.1.1. Einführung 47 6.1.2. Auswirkungen auf natives und thermisches SiO2 47 6.1.3. Temperatureinfluss 49 6.2. Analyse mithilfe von Präkursor TBTDET abgeschiedener thermischer ALD TaN Dünnschichten 50 6.2.1. Verwendete Prozessparameter 50 6.2.2. Initialer (heterogener) Wachstumsbereich 51 6.2.3. Linearer (homogener) Wachstumsbereich 52 6.2.4. CVD-Verhalten von TBTDET bei 160 und 210 C 55 6.2.5. Nachbehandlungen (Tempern und O2-Aufnahme) 56 6.2.6. Fazit 58 6.3. Analyse mithilfe von Präkursor TBTEMT abgeschiedener thermischer ALD TaN Dünnschichten 58 6.3.1. Initialer (heterogener) Wachstumsbereich 58 6.3.2. Linearer (homogener) Wachstumsbereich 60 6.3.3. Nachbehandlung mit O2 64 6.3.4. Fazit 64 6.4. Vergleich der Präkursoren TBTDET & TBTEMT für die thermische TaN-ALD 66 6.4.1. Einführung 66 6.4.2. Vergleich XPS-Ergebnisse & O2-Aufnahme 68 6.4.3. Vergleich iSE-Ergebnisse 68 6.4.4. Vergleich AFM-Ergebnisse 70 6.4.5. Fazit 70 7. Prozessentwicklung an Flash-ALD-Anlage 72 7.1. Einführung 72 7.2. Temperaturvariation 73 7.3. Pulszeitvariationen 74 7.4. Eigenzersetzung von TBTEMT (CVD-Abscheidung) 77 7.5. Zusammenfassung zur Prozessentwicklung 78 7.6. Erste Ergebnisse zum Blitzeinfluss 78 7.6.1. Einführung 78 7.6.2. Rauheit (AFM-Ergebnisse) 79 7.6.3. chemische Zusammensetzung(XPS-Ergebnisse) 80 8. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 82 III. Anhang 84 A. XPS-Ergebnis von O2-Nachbehandlung mit Präkursor TBTEMT 85 Literaturverzeichnis 86