Journal articles: 'Lasure'

1

Ternovenko, P. V. "DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF LASURE DISPOSAL." EurasianUnionScientists 1, no. 62 (2019): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2019.1.62.85.

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Jaffe, Susan. "Chiquita Brooks-LaSure: innovative US federal health director." Lancet 398, no. 10300 (August 2021): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01796-7.

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Raper, Carlene A. "More Gene Manipulations in Fungi.J. W. Bennett , Linda L. Lasure." Quarterly Review of Biology 68, no. 1 (March 1993): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/417944.

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Bond, Jeff. "More Gene Manipulations in Fungi. Edited by J. W. Bennett and L. L. Lasure. Academic Press. 1991. 470 pages. £45.50. $75.00. ISBN 0 12 088642 1." Genetical Research 60, no. 3 (December 1992): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300030998.

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Bond, Jeff. "Gene Manipulation in Fungi. Edited by J. W. Bennett and Linda L. Lasure. Orlando: Academic Press. 558 Pages. Cloth £65, Paper £35. ISBN 0 12 088640 5." Genetical Research 47, no. 3 (June 1986): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300023193.

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Leuchtenberger, A. "Gene Manipulations in Fungi. Herausgegeben von J. W. Benneit und L. L. Lasure. 558 Seiten, zahlr. Abb. und Tab. Academic Press, Inc. Orlando, San Diego, New York, Austin, London, Montreal, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto 1985. Preis: 75,00 $; 65,00 £ (in paperback 39,95 $; 35,00 £)." Food / Nahrung 30, no. 10 (1986): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19860301053.

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Barth, G. "J. W. Bennett and L. L. L. Lasure (Editors), Gene Manipulations in Fungi. XIX + 558 S., 51 Abb., 52 Tab. Orlando-San Diego-New York-Austin-London-Montreal-Sydney-Tokyo-Toronto 1985. Academic Press. $ 75.00. ISBN: 0-12-088640-5." Journal of Basic Microbiology 27, no. 8 (1987): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.3620270805.

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Yi Zheng, Yi Zheng, Jinglong Ma Jinglong Ma, Xulei Ge Xulei Ge, Yutong Li Yutong Li, Zhiyi Wei Zhiyi Wei, and Jie Zhang Jie Zhang. "A multipass Ti:sapphire laser amplifier pumped with homogenized Nd:YAG lasers." Chinese Optics Letters 12, s2 (2014): S21412–321415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.s21412.

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9

Onachenko, M. S. "Superluminescent laser-integrated nanocarbonized matrix pumping the neodymium lasers YAG:Nd." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 18, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo18.03.367.

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Song Yue, 宋越, 王志敏 Wang Zhimin, 张丰丰 Zhang Fengfeng, 薄勇 Bo Yong, and 彭钦军 Peng Qinjun. "638 nm、532 nm 激光泵浦的连续波翠绿宝石激光器." Infrared and Laser Engineering 50, no. 3 (2021): 20200217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla20200217.

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11

López Morales, Juan Pablo, Estefanía Palacio Cardoso, and Mary Luz Cañón Páez. "Aproximación a la evaluación de riesgo de introducción de especies en puertos colombianos, a través del agua de lastre." Boletín Científico CIOH, no. 34 (December 7, 2016): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26640/22159045.424.

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Colombia cuenta con ocho puertos que reciben buques de tráfico marítimo internacional, cuyos impactos en los ecosistemas, infraestructura y salud pueden ocasionarse por las descargas de agua de lastre procedentes de diferentes lugares a nivel global. La Organización Marítima Internacional desde hace más de dos décadas ha establecido lineamientos para contrarrestar el problema de la contaminación biológica en las áreas costeras generada por el vector agua de lastre; entre estos lineamientos se han establecido varios modelos para evaluar el riesgo de introducción de especies en nuevas áreas, los cuales consideran por ejemplo: la frecuencia de arribo (C1), los volúmenes de agua de lastre descargados en puerto (C2); la similitud ambiental entre el puerto de origen con el puerto de descarga (C3) y las especies introducidas en las áreas de estudio (C4), con dos factores de reducción del riesgo: tamaño del tanque (R1) y los días de permanencia del agua en los tanques (R2). A partir de esta metodología y los formatos de gestión de agua de lastre remitidos a la Autoridad Marítima Colombiana, en cumplimiento a la Resolución 477/20121, durante 2014 se estableció el nivel de riesgo de introducción de especies en ocho puertos de Colombia. Puerto Bolívar, Coveñas y Santa Marta se identificaron como los principales puertos importadores de agua de lastre en el país con 10041 444 m3 (34.64 %); 9552 509.26 m3 (32.95 %) y 7846 182.632 m3 (27.07 %). Por otro lado, se identificó que aunque Tumaco y Santa Marta, no representan altas descargas de agua de lastre, generan altos riesgos por la similitud ambiental entre estos y el origen del agua de lastre.

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Yuxuan Ma, Yuxuan Ma, Fei Meng Fei Meng, Yan Wang Yan Wang, Aimin Wang Aimin Wang, and Zhigang Zhang Zhigang Zhang. "High contrast linking six lasers to a 1 GHz Yb:fiber laser frequency comb." Chinese Optics Letters 17, no. 4 (2019): 041402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201917.041402.

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Baro-Narbona, Sandra, and Wolfgang Stotz. "Propuesta para el control del agua de lastre en buques que arriban a puertos de la Ecorregión Marina de Chile Central." Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 53, no. 3 (January 10, 2019): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2018.53.3.1355.

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La navegación marítima es esencial para la economía. Con el avance tecnológico y buques más rápidos, la frecuencia de los viajes transoceánicos ha aumentado, incrementando el riesgo de impactos negativos ambientales y socio-económicos asociados a la descarga descontrolada de agua de lastre. Esta agua es cargada por los buques para conservar su estabilidad y maniobrabilidad, pero que lleva materias en suspensión, incluyendo agentes biológicos, que pueden generar bioinvasiones. Por lo anterior, y reconociendo la importancia de un enfoque precautorio se hace necesario contar con una herramienta de gestión preventiva que permita discernir cuando el deslastre es potencialmente peligroso. Esta revisión propone una herramienta basada en la frecuencia y volumen del agua de lastre desde un mismo puerto de origen, la similitud ambiental entre el puerto de origen y el receptor del lastre y la presencia de especies de riesgo en el puerto de origen. Para esto se desarrolló el cálculo de un Coeficiente de Riesgo Global (CRG), que deberá ser estimado para cada buque que arribe al Puerto antes de que inicie el deslastre. Si CRG >16%, el riesgo es probable, entonces correspondería verificar el recambio de agua de lastre en aguas oceánicas como lo exigen las regulaciones internacionales. Se recomienda medir in situ la Materia Orgánica Cromofórica Disuelta (CDOM por sus siglas en inglés), ya que permite discriminar entre agua costera y oceánica. Si del análisis resulta que el agua es costera, significa el incumplimiento del intercambio del agua de lastre en alta mar, entonces se debería evitar la descarga de lastre en el puerto.

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Scarano, Antonio, Francesca Postiglione, Ahmad G. A. Khater, Faez Saleh Al-Hamed, and Felice Lorusso. "A Novel Technique to Increase the Thickness of TiO₂ of Dental Implants by Nd: DPSS Q-sw Laser Treatment." Materials 13, no. 18 (September 20, 2020): 4178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184178.

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High bone–implant contact is a crucial factor in the achievement of osseointegration and long time clinical success of dental implants. Micro, nano, microtopography, and oxide layer of dental implants influence tissue response. The lasers were used for achieving an implant surface with homogeneous micro texturing and uncontaminated surface. The present study aimed to characterize the implant surfaces treated by Nd: DPSS Q-sw Laser treatment compared to machined implants. A total of 10 machined implants and 10 lasered surface implants were evaluated in this study. The implant surfaces were evaluated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), and metallography to characterize and measure the thickness of the oxide layer on the implant titanium surface. The machined surfaces showed a non-homogeneous oxide layer ranging between 20 and 30 nm. The lasered implant surfaces showed a homogeneous oxide layer ranging between 400 nm and 460 nm in the area of the laser holes, while outside the layer, thickness ranged between 200 nm and 400 nm without microcracks or evidence of damage. Another exciting result after this laser treatment is a topographically controlled, repeatable, homogeneous, and clean surface. This technique can obtain the implant surface without leaving residues of foreign substances on it. The study results indicate that the use of Nd: DPSS Q-sw laser produces a predictable and reproducible treatment able to improve the titanium oxide layer on the dental implant surface.

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Xue, Jiayun, Hui Gao, Nan Zhang, Lu Sun, Lie Lin, and Weiwei Liu. "External focusing dependence of spatial distribution of air lasers during femtosecond laser filamentation in air." Chinese Optics Letters 19, no. 8 (2021): 081402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202119.081402.

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Uhlmann, Eckart, and Alexander Mühlenweg. "Parameterentwicklung im L-PBF-Prozess/Parameter development for laser powder bed fusion." wt Werkstattstechnik online 111, no. 07-08 (2021): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2021-07-08-39.

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Die aktuelle Literatur zum Thema Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) beschäftigt sich größtenteils mit Dauerstrich- (continuous-wave, cw) Laser-Anlagen, die kontinuierlich strahlend das Pulverbett scannen. Zusätzlich gibt es Anlagen mit gepulsten (quasi-continuous-wave, qcw) Lasern, die einen Puls bestimmter Dauer auf einen Punkt abgeben und dann zum nächsten Punkt springen. Die Parametersätze sind nicht ohne Weiteres zwischen den Anlagentypen übertragbar. Diese Arbeit behandelt die Parameterentwicklung für den Werkstoff Haynes 282 auf einer qcw-L-PBF-Anlage.   Current literature on Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) mainly focuses on continuous-wave (cw) laser systems to scan the powder bed while continuously emitting laser light. Also, there are systems with pulsed (quasi-continuous-wave, qcw) lasers to scan one point in the powder bed for a set duration and then jump to the next point. The parameter sets for one system are not easy to transfer to a different type of laser system. This work describes the development of a parameter set for Haynes 282 on a system with a qcw laser.

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Sonz, R., H. P. Berlien, G. J. Müller, and H. Ringelhan. "Sicherheit beim Umgang mit Lasern in der Medizin - Safety Precautions for Lasers in Medicine." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 32, no. 4 (1987): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmte.1987.32.4.74.

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Parada Gutierrez, Jenny Lisbeth, and Claudia Payan-B. "EVALUACIÓN DEL RIESGO GENERADO POR ESPECIES INVASORAS INTRODUCIDAS A TRAVÉS DEL AGUA DE LASTRE EN DOS PUERTOS DEL PACÍFICO COLOMBIANO." Boletín Científico CIOH 38, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26640/22159045.2019.519.

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La Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI) ha establecido lineamientos para afrontar el problema de la contaminación biológica en las áreas costeras generada por el vector agua de lastre. Entre estos lineamientos, se han establecido varios modelos para evaluar el riesgo de introducción de especies en nuevas áreas, dentro de los que se consideran: la frecuencia de descarga (C1), los volúmenes de agua de lastre descargados en puerto (C2); y, la similitud ambiental entre el puerto de origen con el puerto receptor (C3). Tomando como base el modelo OMI y la información contenida en los formatos de Notificación del agua de lastre, los cuales son remitidos a la Dirección General Marítima en cumplimiento con lo descrito en la Resolución 477/2012, se estableció el nivel de riesgo para los puertos de Tumaco y Buenaventura. Durante el año 2015, el agua de lastre con mayor frecuencia de deslastre en el puerto de Tumaco provino de Long Beach (USA), con un porcentaje de 13.4% del total de descarga (C1). Para el puerto de Buenaventura, este porcentaje estuvo representado por aguas provenientes de Manta (Ecuador) y Puerto Caldera (Costa Rica), con porcentajes de 19,56% y 18,47%, respectivamente. Tumaco importó alrededor de 334.224,9 m3 de agua de lastre y Buenaventura cerca de 132.294 m3, lo que correspondió a 184 tanques descargados, provenientes de 30 puertos de origen (12 países), para Tumaco y 187 tanques procedentes de 16 puertos de origen (6 países), para Buenaventura (C2). En cuanto a la similitud ambiental (C3), se pudo deducir que San José-Guatemala (0.99) y Buenaventura-Colombia (0.99), presentaron mayor similitud con el puerto de Tumaco, seguidos por Talara-Perú (0.98), la Pampilla-Perú (0.89) y Los Ángeles-USA (0.89); mientras que para Buenaventura la mayor similitud la presentaron los puertos ubicados en Puerto Quetzal-Guatemala (0.99) y Caldera-Costa Rica (0.97).

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Rodríguez Cuitiva, Diana. "Determinación de Vibrio cholerae en tanques de aguas de lastre de buques internacionales que arribaron al Terminal ultiboyas de Ecopetrol y al Puerto de Tumaco." Boletín Científico CIOH, no. 29 (December 5, 2011): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26640/22159045.232.

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Un vector importante de las especies acuáticas invasoras a las regiones costeras son las descargas de aguas de lastre de los buques, por el cual los microorganismos invasores pueden llegar a la región causando contaminación en la bahía. Por tal motivo se llevó a cabo una caracterización de las aguas de lastre de buques de tráfico internacional que arriban a Tumaco; realizando muestreos a 18 de ellos que arribaron al Terminal Multiboyas de Ecopetrol en esta bahía durante el periodo de febrero a octubre de 2010. En este ámbito se determinó si había Vibrio cholerae en estas aguas y de igual forma se hizo una caracterización físico-química de los tanques de aguas de lastre de los buques. Como resultado se comprobó que 12 buques registraron la presencia de Vibrio cholerae, lo que quiere decir que un 67% de los buques se encontraban por fuera del valor permitido (ausencia/100ml), por la Organización Marítima Internacional (IMO).

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Cañón Páez, Mary Luz, Diana M. Quintana S., Rossana M. López O., Gustavo Tous H., and Hugo Llamas C. "Caracterización fisicoquímica del Golfo de Morrosquillo y tanques de lastre de buques de tráfico internacional." Boletín Científico CIOH, no. 28 (December 5, 2010): 84–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.26640/22159045.217.

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Con el objetivo de establecer la variabilidad estacional de los parámetros fisicoquímicos en el Golfo de Morrosquillo, el cual es considerado como un puerto importador de agua de lastre, e identificar la influencia del agua de lastre, la Dirección General Marítima a través del Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas del Caribe (CIOH) centró su atención en obtener información fisicoquímica, biológica y microbiológica durante un periodo estacional completo (marzo a noviembre). Por lo anterior, fue necesario establecer una red de estaciones de muestreo distribuidas a lo largo de todo el Golfo, para caracterizar en las capas superficial, media y de fondo, los parámetros ambientales y con base en estos establecer si las descargas de agua de lastre y su contenido se constituyen en fuentes adicionales de contaminación y de introducción de especies. Las metodologías implementadas, correspondieron a las establecidas dentro del sistema de gestión de calidad de los laboratorios del CIOH, tanto para el área evaluada como para los tanques de lastre. Después de tomadas, procesadas y analizadas las muestras fue posible establecer que el área responde a la estacionalidad descrita para el Mar Caribe, observándose asociaciones fisicoquímicas, de acuerdo con el periodo climático evaluado. En cuanto a los criterios de calidad y las normas ambientales, el oxígeno, pH, temperatura y salinidad registraron concentraciones y valores dentro de las normas establecidas para la preservación de flora y fauna. Por el contrario, los nutrientes en la época de lluvias principalmente, superaron los límites establecidos por referentes internacionales (norma para aguas de uso pesquero, preservación de flora y fauna asiática) e incluso el promedio de la RedCAM para el departamento de Sucre. Se evidenció que el agua de lastre de algunos buques, se constituye en fuente adicional de contaminación al Golfo, debido a que sobrepasan los límites de nutrientes específicamente nitratos y ortofosfatos, para la preservación de la flora y la fauna.

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Quintana Saavedra, Diana M., and Mary Luz Cañón Páez. "Calidad sanitaria del agua de mar del Golfo Morrosquillo y del agua de lastre de buques de tráfico internacional." Boletín Científico CIOH, no. 28 (December 5, 2010): 127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26640/22159045.218.

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El Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas del Caribe en pro de la protección del medio marino realizó la evaluación de la calidad sanitaria del agua del Golfo de Morrosquillo, así como del agua de lastre de buques de tráfico internacional que arribaron en el Golfo durante el 2009. El objetivo fue establecer el comportamiento estacional de los grupos de Coliformes totales, Escherichia coli y Enterococcus durante los meses de marzo, julio, septiembre y noviembre. Las muestras fueron colectadas en 10 estaciones distribuidas a lo largo del Golfo a tres profundidades (superficie, medio y fondo). Asimismo se evaluó la posible transferencia de estos grupos de microorganismos que son transportadas a través del agua de lastre. De igual forma se evalúo la asociación entre las características del agua y la presencia de los grupos mencionados en los tanques de lastre contenida en 15 tanques de lastre correspondiente a 7 buques en total. Se evidenció que el agua de lastre de algunos buques, constituye una fuente adicional de contaminación fecal al Golfo. Se determinó que de 15 tanques de buques de tráfico internacional monitoreados en el Golfo de Morrosquillo, el 20% sobrepasan las 100UFC/100mL para Enterococcus con una concentración mínima de 120 UFC/100mL y máxima de 1540 UFC/100mL. Asimismo el 20% sobrepasan el límite permitido para E. coli con concentraciones sobre lo permitido desde 600 a 800 UFC/100mL (250 UFC/100mL). En cuanto a Vibrio cholerae, todos los tanques analizados cumplieron con lo establecido por la OMI, dado que no se registro su presencia en el agua analizada. Se identificó que en el Golfo existen otras fuentes adicionales de contaminación que afectan la calidad sanitaria del Golfo y se encuentran más asociadas con el tipo de agua vertida al Golfo mediante descargas de agua residual doméstica (desde Sociedad Portuaria y Tolú), así como el aporte continental a través de los caudales de los arroyos (Alegría y Cascajo).

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Klump-Bickert, Bettina. "Leindotteröl in Lasuren." UmweltMagazin 50, no. 04-05 (2020): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/0173-363x-2020-04-05-42.

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Velasco Vinasco, Eliana. "Resultados del estudio de aguas de lastre en la Bahía de Tumaco (Colombia) – El terminal de multiboyas Ecopetrol." Boletín Científico CIOH, no. 29 (December 5, 2011): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26640/22159045.237.

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La transferencia de organismos nocivos por el envío, en particular a través del transporte de agua de lastre, puede resultar en alteración de los ecosistemas, un cambio de la diversidad biológica, impactos negativos sobre la salud humana y la economía. La introducción de especies que producen consecuencias irreversibles a los ambientes de recepción y economías requieren una atención especial. Una cuestión crítica es la necesidad de evaluar las cantidades y los procesos de introducción de especies. Por lo anterior, en el terminal Multiboyas de Ecopetrol de la bahía de Tumaco (Colombia), fueron muestreados 18 buques de tráfico internacional, al igual que dos sitios de referencia para realizar comparaciones. De las muestras fueron analizados el fitoplancton y zooplancton, además de evaluar los parámetros fisicoquímicos, tanto de los tanques de agua de lastre, como de los lugares de referencia. Los resultados pueden ser considerados como información de base para una evaluación inicial de riesgos de la introducción de especies en un futuro, y como una herramienta importante para la aplicación de medidas de gestión del agua de lastre.

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Liu, Yaoxiang, Tie-Jun Wang, Na Chen, Hao Guo, Haiyi Sun, Lu Zhang, Zheng Qi, Yuxin Leng, Zhanshan Wang, and Ruxin Li. "Simultaneous generation of controllable double white light lasers by focusing an intense femtosecond laser pulse in air." Chinese Optics Letters 18, no. 12 (2020): 121402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202018.121402.

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Orozco, Rita, Alberto Lorenzo, Sonia Sánchez, Georgina Flores, Víctor Rebaza, and Nancy Blas. "Efectos del agua de lastre sobre la calidad acuática de las zonas Portuarias de Callao, Pisco, Paita y Salaverry, Perú." Revista del Instituto de Investigación de la Facultad de Ingeniería Geológica, Minera, Metalúrgica y Geográfica 23, no. 46 (November 30, 2020): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/iigeo.v23i46.19183.

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El crecimiento de la industria naviera en el Perú y la ampliación de la zona portuaria del Callao, Pisco, Paita y Salaverry, permiten el ingreso de buques de gran calado. En los años 2009-2010, se reportó el ingreso de especies invasoras a través del agua de lastre en el Callao. Se realizó una evaluación del agua de lastre en los buques que arribaron al puerto del Callao en los años 2010 y 2012.también se evaluó la calidad acuática de los puertos de Paita Salaverry, Callao y Pisco entre 2011 y 2013. Los resultados muestran que en el agua de lastre los recuentos de coliformes fueron bajos de < 2 a 8 NMP/100ml, pero se registró a las bacterias Vibrio parahaemolyticus y V. vulnificus y especies fitoplanctónicas como Heterosigma akashivo y, Skeletonema costatum sp fueron las más representativas. Las aguas marinas de los puertos tenían valores normales de temperatura <20 ° C y salinidades > 35.1 ups, pero la calidad acuática fue afectada por actividades antropogénicas con valores elevados de coliformes termotolerantes en el Callao de 1,6x106 NMP/100ml. Las especies de fitoplancton dominantes producen floraciones algales Dictyocha fibula y Prorocentrum micans en Paita, Prorocentrum minimun, A. sanguineum en Salaverry en 2012, Heterosigma akashiwo y Akashiwo sanguinea,en el Callao en 2013. En el puerto de Pisco, las especies más abundantes fueron Cochlodinium polikrykoides en 2011 y Alexandrium peruvianum en mayo de 2012. El agua de lastre transporta especies exóticas invasoras que pueden causar graves efectos en el ecosistema marino, la salud humana y la economía, por lo cual debe fortalecerse el monitoreo de puertos de mayor tráfico marítimo.

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Dai, Lilong, Zinan Huang, Qianqian Huang, Chang Zhao, Aleksey Rozhin, Sergey Sergeyev, Mohammed Al Araimi, and Chengbo Mou. "Carbon nanotube mode-locked fiber lasers: recent progress and perspectives." Nanophotonics 10, no. 2 (November 24, 2020): 749–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0446.

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AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess remarkable nonlinear optical properties; a particular application is to function as a mode locker used in ultrafast fiber lasers to produce ultrashort optical pulses. Various types of CNT saturable absorbers (SAs) and ultrafast fiber lasers have been demonstrated. In this review, typical fabrication process and development of CNT SAs are discussed and we highlight the recent investigation and progress of state-of-the-art ultrafast fiber lasers covering GHz, bidirectional ultrafast fiber lasers, vectorial mode fiber lasers, comb systems, and mode-locking dynamics. Our perspectives of ultrafast fiber lasers based on CNT SAs are given finally.

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Sin, Yongkun, Zachary Lingley, Talin Ayvazian, Miles Brodie, and Neil Ives. "Catastrophic Optical Bulk Damage – A New Failure Mode in High-Power InGaAs-AlGaAs Strained Quantum Well Lasers." MRS Advances 3, no. 57-58 (2018): 3329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.474.

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ABSTRACTHigh-power single-mode (SM) and multi-mode (MM) InGaAs-AlGaAs strained quantum well (QW) lasers with emission wavelengths of 910 − 980 nm are extensively used in various fiber lasers and amplifiers for both telecom and defense applications. In particular, underseas and satellite communication systems require stringent reliability from these lasers. Since these lasers predominantly fail by catastrophic and sudden degradation due to COD, it is crucial especially for space satellite applications to investigate reliability, failure modes, and degradation mechanisms of these lasers. Catastrophic optical mirror damage (COMD) was known to be the only failure mode until our group reported a new failure mode in MM and SM InGaAs-AlGaAs strained QW lasers in 2009 and 2016, respectively. Our group reported that bulk failure due to catastrophic optical bulk damage (COBD) has become the dominant failure mode of both SM and MM lasers. Since there have been limited reports on COBD compared to COMD, the intent of this paper is to introduce our studies on COBD that have spanned the last decade. We investigated reliability, failure modes, and degradation processes in SM and MM InGaAs-AlGaAs strained QW lasers by performing short-term step-stress tests and long-term accelerated life-tests as well as failure mode analyses using various nondestructive and destructive micro-analytical techniques including electron beam induced current (EBIC), time-resolved electroluminescence (EL), deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), focused ion beam (FIB), and high-resolution TEM. EBIC and EL techniques were employed to study dark line defects generated in degraded lasers stressed under different test conditions. Time-resolved EL techniques were employed to study initiation and progressions of dark spots and dark lines in real time as lasers were aged. DLTS techniques were employed to study electron traps in both pristine and degraded lasers. Lastly, FIB and high-resolution TEM were employed to prepare cross sectional and plan view TEM specimens to study DLD areas in post-aged lasers. We also report our current understanding on degradation mechanisms responsible for COBD in both SM and MM lasers.

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Parada Gutiérrez, Jenny Lisbeth, Claudia Inés Payán Bastidas, and Róbinson Fidel Casanova Rosero. "Caracterización microbiológica y fisicoquímica del agua de lastre de buques de tráfico internacional que arribaron al puerto de Tumaco durante 2013." Boletín Científico CIOH, no. 32 (December 7, 2014): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26640/22159045.273.

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En el presente estudio se evaluaron los niveles microbianos para los indicadores coliformes totales, coliformes fecales (Escherichia coli), Enterococcus spp y el agente patoógeno Vibrio spp. Así mismo para algunas variables sicoquímicas (pH, temperatura, conductividad, salinidad, nutrientes y oxígeno disuelto) con base en el monitoreo realizado al agua contenida en los tanques de lastre de once (11) buque-tanques de tráfico marítimo internacional, que arribaron al Terminal Multiboyas de Ecopetrol de Tumaco durante 2013. Los resultados microbiológicos revelaron la presencia de indicadores bacterianos en todos los tanques de lastre: en el 73.9 % de los tanques el recuento microbiano para el grupo coliformes sobrepasó las 250 UFC/100ml y el género Enterococcus spp excedió las 100 UFC/100ml en el 8.7 %. Asimismo se registró la presencia del género Vibrio spp en el 52.2 % de los tanques examinados. Esto implica que el agua de lastre evaluada, la cual es descargada en la bahía, genera un riesgo potencial tanto para el ecosistema marino como para la salud humana, constituyendo un vector para la introducción de especies invasoras y organismos patógenos. Los niveles de las variables sicoquímicas se encontraron dentro de los intervalos reportados para la bahía de Tumaco y, por ende, no alteran las características del agua de la bahía.

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Nemova, Galina. "Radiation-Balanced Lasers: History, Status, Potential." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 7539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167539.

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The review of history and progress on radiation-balanced (athermal) lasers is presented with a special focus on rare earth (RE)-doped lasers. In the majority of lasers, heat generated inside the laser medium is an unavoidable product of the lasing process. Radiation-balanced lasers can provide lasing without detrimental heating of laser medium. This new approach to the design of optically pumped RE-doped solid-state lasers is provided by balancing the spontaneous and stimulated emission within the laser medium. It is based on the principle of anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling of RE-doped low-phonon solids. The theoretical description of the operation of radiation-balanced lasers based on the set of coupled rate equations is presented and discussed. It is shown that, for athermal operation, the value of the pump wavelength of the laser must exceed the value of the mean fluorescence wavelength of the RE laser active ions doped in the laser medium. The improved purity of host crystals and better control of the transverse intensity profile will result in improved performance of the radiation-balanced laser. Recent experimental achievements in the development of radiation-balanced RE-doped bulk lasers, fibre lasers, disk lasers, and microlasers are reviewed and discussed.

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KO, JING-YUAN, TAKAYUKI OHTOMO, KAZUTAKA ABE, and KENJU OTSUKA. "NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND APPLICATION OF LASER-DIODE-PUMPED MICROCHIP SOLID-STATE LASERS WITH OPTICAL FEEDBACK." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 26 (October 20, 2001): 3369–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201007282.

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This paper reviews our recent research on nonlinear dynamics of microchip solid-state lasers subjected to delayed optical feedback. Instabilities in two types of physical systems including multimode lasers with feedback and lasers with frequency-shifted feedback are discussed. Applications of microchip lasers with feedback to shot-noise-limited self-mixing optical sensing and imaging are summarized.

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Presas i Puig, Albert. "Lorenzo Delgado y Santiago M. López (eds.). Ciencia en Transición. El lastre franquista ante el reto de la modernización." CIAN-Revista de Historia de las Universidades 23, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cian.2020.5798.

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Puska, Päivi, and Ahti Tarkkanen. "Therapy-resistant Inflammatory Glaucoma – 647nm Krypton and 670nm Diode Lasers for Transscleral Contact Cyclophotocoagulation." European Ophthalmic Review 03, no. 01 (2009): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eor.2009.03.01.29.

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Only a few reports exist on the treatment of therapy-resistant inflammatory glaucoma with contact transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (CPC), and only one in which the red 647nm krypton or 670nm diode lasers are used. The lasers most frequently employed in clinical practice are the 810nm diode and the 1,064nm neodynium:yttrium–aluminium–garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers. Although transmission through the sclera is lower with the red 647nm krypton and 670nm diode lasers than with the infrared 810nm diode and Nd:YAG lasers, this is compensated for by using contact application and compressing the sclera with the probe. Also, the red lasers have a higher affinity for the pigment epithelium of the pars plicata. Transscleral red laser CPC has proved to be an effective, simple and well tolerated procedure for the treatment of therapy-resistant inflammatory glaucoma, particularly in adults.

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Hidayati, Dyah. "Pemaknaan Lasara dalam Mitologi Nias." Berkala Arkeologi Sangkhakala 15, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/bas.v15i1.136.

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AbstractLasara is a mytological object being that is often symbolized in Nias material culture such as osa-osa, sarcofagus, wooden coffin, grave, lasara on village gate, traditional house ornaments, and sword handle. This comparative study-enhanced descriptive-analytical research method is aimed at finding connection between lasara, which is a part of Nias people mythology, and its interpretation through the outlying elements to obtain a complete understanding of lasara. The analysis reveals that in a society where mythology is an innate value, lasara is understood as a symbol of a ride related with religious and social aspects. Lasara is symbolized as a boat used in the migration of Nias people through the sea, as well as a spiritual ride in its religious life.AbstrakLasara merupakan makhluk mistis yang banyak diwujudkan dalam budaya materi di Nias seperti osa-osa, sarkofagus, peti jenazah kayu, bangunan kubur, lasara pada gerbang desa, ornamen rumah adat, dan hulu pedang. Untuk menjawab permasalahan mengenai pemaknaan lasara dalam pemahaman masyarakat Nias digunakan metode deskriptif analitik yang diperkuat oleh studi komparatif yang bertujuan untuk menarik benang merah antara objek yang dikenal sebagai lasara yang menjadi bagian dari mitologi masyarakat Nias dengan pemaknaannya melalui aspek-aspek yang melatarbelakanginya sehingga dapat diperoleh pemahaman yang utuh terhadap salah satu bentuk kebudayaan di daerah Nias tersebut. Dari analisis tersebut dapat terjawab bahwa dalam pemahaman masyarakatnya yang masih sangat terikat oleh mitologi, lasara dimaknai sebagai simbol yang berkaitan dengan struktur sosial serta simbol wahana terkait dengan aspek religi dan sosial. Lasara sebagai wahana dikaitkan dengan bentuk perahu yang berhubungan dengan proses migrasi orang Nias melalui jalur lautan, serta sebagai kendaraan arwah dalam kehidupan religinya.

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FUKUDA, MITSUO. "RELIABILITY OF HIGH POWER PUMP LASERS FOR ERBIUM-DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIERS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 07, no. 01 (March 1996): 55–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156496000049.

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The degradation behavior and the reliability of 980 nm lasers and 1480 nm lasers are reviewed and discussed. In addition, packaging problems for the high power lasers are also discussed from the application viewpoint. For 980 nm lasers the reliability in laser chip is limited mainly by the instability of an interface between the laser material (facet) and the anti-reflecting coating film, and for most 1480 nm lasers the reliability of the laser chip is determined mainly by the instability of a buried heterointerface. These reliability problems have been solved, however, by examining the material properties and improving device fabrication technology. The main packaging problem is a packaging-induced failure (PIF) causing sudden failure in 980 nm lasers sealed in dry N2 or Ar, but packaging problems have also been suppressed or eliminated. The device technology and packaging technology needed to make high power pump laser modules have been established, and erbium-doped fiber amplifiers pumped by these lasers are indispensable components of many optical transmission systems.

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Xia, Hongyan, Chang Hu, Tingkuo Chen, Dan Hu, Muru Zhang, and Kang Xie. "Advances in Conjugated Polymer Lasers." Polymers 11, no. 3 (March 7, 2019): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030443.

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This paper provides a review of advances in conjugated polymer lasers. High photoluminescence efficiencies and large stimulated emission cross-sections coupled with wavelength tunability and low-cost manufacturing processes make conjugated polymers ideal laser gain materials. In recent years, conjugated polymer lasers have become an attractive research direction in the field of organic lasers and numerous breakthroughs based on conjugated polymer lasers have been made in the last decade. This paper summarizes the recent progress of the subject of laser processes employing conjugated polymers, with a focus on the photoluminescence principle and excitation radiation mechanism of conjugated polymers. Furthermore, the effect of conjugated polymer structures on the laser threshold is discussed. The most common polymer laser materials are also introduced in detail. Apart from photo-pumped conjugated polymer lasers, a direction for the future development of electro-pumped conjugated polymer lasers is proposed.

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Zhang, Shuai, Junhua Tong, Chao Chen, Fengzhao Cao, Chengbin Liang, Yanrong Song, Tianrui Zhai, and Xinping Zhang. "Controlling the Performance of Polymer Lasers via the Cavity Coupling." Polymers 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050764.

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The polarization and threshold of distributed feedback (DFB) polymer lasers were controlled by adjusting the cavity coupling. The cavity of DFB polymer lasers consisted of two gratings, which was fabricated by a two-beam multi-exposure holographic technique. The coupling strength of the cavity modes was tuned by changing the angle between the two gratings. The threshold of the polymer lasers decreased with reducing the coupling strength of the cavity modes. A minimum threshold was observed at the lowest coupling strength. Moreover, the azimuthally polarized output of the polymer lasers was modified by changing the cavity coupling. These results may provide additional perspectives to improve the performance of DFB polymer lasers.

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Yan, Sen Lin. "Master-Slave-Parallel Chaotic Synchronization in Class-C Lasers by Controlling the Pump." Applied Mechanics and Materials 590 (June 2014): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.590.166.

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A system of “master-slave-parallel” chaotic synchronization in class-C lasers is presented. Lasing from a chaotic class-C laser as a master is changed to photon-electricity to drive to modulate the pumps of two parallel of slave class-C lasers so that the two slave lasers can be controlled to the chaotic state of the master laser. “Master-slave” chaotic synchronization can be achieved. At the same time, chaotic synchronization is gradually achieved between the two slave lasers after a few desynchronous oscillations. Lastly, “master-slave-parallel” chaotic synchronization is achieved. Chaotic synchronization process is analyzed in detail. Synchronization principle of the three chaotic lasers is deduced.

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Tang, Jingling, Zhenxu Bai, Duo Zhang, Yaoyao Qi, Jie Ding, Yulei Wang, and Zhiwei Lu. "Advances in All-Solid-State Passively Q-Switched Lasers Based on Cr4+:YAG Saturable Absorber." Photonics 8, no. 4 (March 27, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8040093.

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All-solid-state passively Q-switched lasers have advantages that include simple structure, high peak power, and short sub-nanosecond pulse width. Potentially, these lasers can be applied in multiple settings, such as in miniature light sources, laser medical treatment, remote sensing, and precision processing. Cr4+:YAG crystal is an ideal Q-switch material for all-solid-state passively Q-switched lasers owing to its high thermal conductivity, low saturation light intensity, and high damage threshold. This study summarizes the research progress on all-solid-state passively Q-switched lasers that use Cr4+:YAG crystal as a saturable absorber and discusses further prospects for the development and application of such lasers.

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39

MAEDA, Mitsuo. "Tunable lasers. Dye lasers." Review of Laser Engineering 17, no. 11 (1989): 759–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.17.11_759.

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Dmytryszyn, Mark, Matthew Crook, and Timothy Sands. "Preparing for Satellite Laser Uplinks and Downlinks." Sci 2, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci2010016.

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The use of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (i.e., LASERs or lasers) by the U.S. Department of Defense is not new and includes laser weapons guidance, laser-aided measurements, even lasers as weapons (e.g., Airborne Laser). Lasers in support of telecommunications is also not new. The use of laser light in fiber optics shattered thoughts on communications bandwidth and throughput. Even the use of lasers in space is no longer new. Lasers are being used for satellite-to-satellite crosslinking. Laser communication can transmit orders-of-magnitude more data using orders-of-magnitude less power and can do so with minimal risk of exposure to the sending and receiving terminals. What is new is using lasers as the uplink and downlink between the terrestrial segment and the space segment of satellite systems. More so, the use of lasers to transmit and receive data between moving terrestrial segments (e.g., ships at sea, airplanes in flight) and geosynchronous satellites is burgeoning. This manuscript examines the technological maturation of employing lasers as the signal carrier for satellite communications linking terrestrial and space systems. The purpose of the manuscript is to develop key performance parameters (KPPs) to inform U.S. Department of Defense initial capabilities documents (ICDs) for near-future satellite acquisition and development. By appreciating the history and technological challenges of employing lasers rather than traditional radio frequency sources for satellite uplink and downlink signal carriers, this manuscript recommends ways for the U.S. Department of Defense to employ lasers to transmit and receive high bandwidth, large-throughput data from moving platforms that need to retain low probabilities of detection, intercept, and exploitation (e.g., carrier battle group transiting to a hostile area of operations, unmanned aerial vehicle collecting over adversary areas). The manuscript also intends to identify commercial sector early-adopter fields and those fields likely to adapt to laser employment for transmission and receipt.

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Dmytryszyn, Mark, Matthew Crook, and Timothy Sands. "Lasers for Satellite Uplinks and Downlinks." Sci 2, no. 2 (June 12, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci2020044.

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The use of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (i.e., LASERs or lasers) by the U.S. Department of Defense is not new and includes laser weapons guidance, laser-aided measurements, even lasers as weapons (e.g., Airborne Laser). Lasers in support of telecommunications is also not new. The use of laser light in fiber optics shattered thoughts on communications bandwidth and throughput. Even the use of lasers in space is no longer new. Lasers are being used for satellite-to-satellite crosslinking. Laser communication can transmit orders-of-magnitude more data using orders-of-magnitude less power and can do so with minimal risk of exposure to the sending and receiving terminals. What is new is using lasers as the uplink and downlink between the terrestrial segment and the space segment of satellite systems. More so, the use of lasers to transmit and receive data between moving terrestrial segments (e.g., ships at sea, airplanes in flight) and geosynchronous satellites is burgeoning. This manuscript examines the technological maturation of employing lasers as the signal carrier for satellite communications linking terrestrial and space systems. The purpose of the manuscript is to develop key performance parameters (KPPs) to inform U.S. Department of Defense initial capabilities documents (ICDs) for near-future satellite acquisition and development. By appreciating the history and technological challenges of employing lasers rather than traditional radio frequency sources for satellite uplink and downlink signal carrier, this manuscript recommends ways for the U.S. Department of Defense to employ lasers to transmit and receive high bandwidth, large-throughput data from moving platforms that need to retain low probabilities of detection, intercept, and exploitation (e.g., carrier battle group transiting to a hostile area of operations, unmanned aerial vehicle collecting over adversary areas). The manuscript also intends to identify commercial sector early-adopter fields and those fields likely to adapt to laser employment for transmission and receipt.

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Dmytryszyn, Mark, Matthew Crook, and Timothy Sands. "Lasers for Satellite Uplinks and Downlinks." Sci 2, no. 3 (September 9, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci2030071.

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The use of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (i.e., LASERs or lasers) by the U.S. Department of Defense is not new and includes laser weapons guidance, laser-aided measurements, even lasers as weapons (e.g., Airborne Laser). Lasers in support of telecommunications is also not new. The use of laser light in fiber optics shattered thoughts on communications bandwidth and throughput. Even the use of lasers in space is no longer new. Lasers are being used for satellite-to-satellite crosslinking. Laser communication can transmit orders-of-magnitude more data using orders-of-magnitude less power and can do so with minimal risk of exposure to the sending and receiving terminals. What is new is using lasers as the uplink and downlink between the terrestrial segment and the space segment of satellite systems. More so, the use of lasers to transmit and receive data between moving terrestrial segments (e.g., ships at sea, airplanes in flight) and geosynchronous satellites is burgeoning. This manuscript examines the technological maturation of employing lasers as the signal carrier for satellite communications linking terrestrial and space systems. The purpose of the manuscript is to develop key performance parameters (KPPs) to inform U.S. Department of Defense initial capabilities documents (ICDs) for near-future satellite acquisition and development. By appreciating the history and technological challenges of employing lasers rather than traditional radio frequency sources for satellite uplink and downlink signal carrier, this manuscript recommends ways for the U.S. Department of Defense to employ lasers to transmit and receive high bandwidth, large-throughput data from moving platforms that need to retain low probabilities of detection, intercept, and exploitation (e.g., carrier battle group transiting to a hostile area of operations, unmanned aerial vehicle collecting over adversary areas). The manuscript also intends to identify commercial sector early-adopter fields and those fields likely to adapt to laser employment for transmission and receipt.

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Dmytryszyn, Mark, Matthew Crook, and Timothy Sands. "Lasers for Satellite Uplinks and Downlinks." Sci 3, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci3010004.

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The use of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (i.e., LASERs or lasers) by the U.S. Department of Defense is not new and includes laser weapons guidance, laser-aided measurements, and even lasers as weapons (e.g., Airborne Laser). Lasers in the support of telecommunications is also not new. The use of laser light in fiber optics has shattered thoughts on communications bandwidth and throughput. Even the use of lasers in space is no longer new. Lasers are being used for satellite-to-satellite crosslinking. Laser communication can transmit orders-of-magnitude more data using orders-of-magnitude less power and can do so with minimal risk of exposure to the sending and receiving terminals. What is new is using lasers as the uplink and downlink between the terrestrial segment and the space segment of satellite systems. More so, the use of lasers to transmit and receive data between moving terrestrial segments (e.g., ships at sea, airplanes in flight) and geosynchronous satellites is burgeoning. This manuscript examines the technological maturation of employing lasers as the signal carrier for satellite communications linking terrestrial and space systems. The purpose of the manuscript is to develop key performance parameters (KPPs) to inform the U.S. Department of Defense initial capabilities documents (ICDs) for near-future satellite acquisition and development. By appreciating the history and technological challenges of employing lasers, rather than traditional radio frequency sources for satellite uplink and downlink signal carriers, this manuscript recommends ways for the U.S. Department of Defense to employ lasers to transmit and receive high bandwidth, and large-throughput data from moving platforms that need to retain low probabilities of detection, intercept, and exploit (e.g., carrier battle group transiting to a hostile area of operations, unmanned aerial vehicle collecting over adversary areas). The manuscript also intends to identify commercial sector early-adopter fields and those fields likely to adapt to laser employment for transmission and receipt.

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Cañón Páez, Mary Luz, Gustavo Tous, Karen López, Rossana López, Viviana Suárez, and Fernando Orozco. "Caracterización fisicoquímica, biológica y microbiológica en aguas de lastre de buques de tráfico internacional." Boletín Científico CIOH, no. 25 (December 1, 2007): 150–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26640/22159045.170.

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Durante los años 2005 y 2006 se continuaron realizando muestreos a tanques de lastre de buques de tráfico internacional que arribaron a la Bahía de Cartagena, la cual está ubicada en el sector sur occidental de la costa Caribe colombiana y localizada entre los 75º30’-75º36’W y 10º26’-10º16’N. Este trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de seguir evaluando si la gestión a bordo de los taques de lastre, se efectuó de acuerdo con las directrices emitidas por la Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI), a fin de reducir el riesgo de introducción de especies en las zonas costeras. Para lograr el objetivo se tomaron muestras de aguas de lastre de 75 buques procedentes de diferentes puertos internacionales, a través de los manholes, de las descargas directas al mar, del deslastre en cubierta o de las tuberías de acceso a los tanques. Dichas muestras de aguas fueron procesadas en el laboratorio, caracterizándose en cada una de ellas las condiciones fisicoquímicas como nutrientes, oxígeno disuelto, temperatura, salinidad, pH, turbidez, sólidos suspendidos totales, biológicas como fitoplancton, zooplancton, concentración de pigmentos fotosintéticos y microbiológicas como Enterococos intestinales, Salmonella sp., Shiguella sp., Psedumonas sp., coliformes totales, Escherichia coli, hongos. Al igual que en las caracterizaciones anteriores de los años 2002, 2003, 2004 en este mismo puerto, en este estudio se continuaron reportando condiciones ambiéntales adecuadas para el sostenimiento de comunidades biológicas dentro de los tanques. También se siguieron reportando nuevas especies planctónicas entre las cuales se pueden mencionar a Oithona setigera, Oithona hegolandica,Microstella sp., Diartrodes sp., Oculosetella sp., Corystoide chilensi, Parapagurus Diógenes y Sagitta minima. Además fue posible evidenciar que según el convenio sobre manejo de aguas y sedimentos de lastre generado por la OMI en el 2004, el 29% de las embarcaciones monitoreadas sobrepasaron los niveles permisibles de descarga con respecto al microbio indicador Escherichia coli y el 11% de Enterococos Intestinales.

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Anashkina, Elena A. "Laser Sources Based on Rare-Earth Ion Doped Tellurite Glass Fibers and Microspheres." Fibers 8, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib8050030.

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In recent years, huge progress has been made in the development of rare-earth ion doped tellurite glass laser sources, ranging from watt- and multiwatt-level fiber lasers to nanowatt level microsphere lasers. Significant success has been achieved in extending the spectral range of tellurite fiber lasers generating at wavelengths beyond 2 μm as well as in theoretical understanding. This review is aimed at discussing the state of the art of neodymium-, erbium-, thulium-, and holmium-doped tellurite glass fiber and microsphere lasers.

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DONETSKY, D. V., R. U. MARTINELLI, and G. L. BELENKY. "MID-INFRARED GaSb-BASED LASERS WITH TYPE-I HETEROINTERFACES." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 12, no. 04 (December 2002): 1025–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156402001903.

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The design of room-temperature, InGaAsSb/AlGaAsSb diode lasers has evolved from the first double-heterojunction lasers described in 1980 that operated in the pulsed-current mode to present-day continuous–wave (CW), high-power, quantum–well diode lasers. We discuss in detail recent results from type-I-heterostructure, GaSb-based CW room-temperature diode lasers. The devices operate within the wavelength range of 1.8 to 2.7 μm, providing output powers up to several Watts. We analyze the factors limiting device performance.

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Khalkhal, Ensieh, Majid Rezaei-Tavirani, Mohammad Reza Zali, and Zahra Akbari. "The Evaluation of Laser Application in Surgery: A Review Article." Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 10, no. 5 (December 1, 2019): S104—S111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/jlms.2019.s18.

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There are several types of surgeries which use lasers in the operating room. Surgeons use lasers in general surgery or surgical specialties to cut, coagulate, and remove tissue. In modern medicine, the application of laser therapy is an attractive subject due to its minimal invasive effect. Today lasers are widely used in the treatment and diagnosis of many diseases such as various cancers, lithotripsy, ophthalmology, as well as dermatology and beauty procedures. Depending on the type of lasers, the wavelength and the delivery system, most lasers have replaced conventional surgical instruments for better wound healing results. Over time, by using many different tools and devices, new lasers have been created; as a result, they are used in a wide range of medical special cases. In this review, laser applications in surgery and its beneficial effects compared to previous surgeries with the aim of providing appropriate therapeutic and non-invasive solutions with minimal side effects after surgery are investigated.

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Sun, Tianyu, Lei Qiao, and Mingjun Xia. "Effective Failure Analysis for Packaged Semiconductor Lasers with a Simple Sample Preparation and Home-Made PEM System." Photonics 8, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8060184.

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As the application requirements of semiconductor lasers continue to increase, severe challenges are brought to the reliability of semiconductor lasers. In order to promote the study of laser failure, this paper proposes an effective failure analysis method for packaged semiconductor lasers with a simple sample preparation and home-made photon emission microscopy (PEM) system. The new simple sample preparation process for failure analysis is presented and the necessary polishing fixture is designed so that sample can be obtained without expensive and complex micro-/nano-processing. Two types of home-made PEM experimental systems were established for observing the failure from the front facet and active region of semiconductor lasers. Experimental results showed that, with the proposed sample preparation flow, the home-made PEM experimental system effectively observed the leakage defects from the front facet and dark spot defects (DSDs) in the active region of semiconductor lasers. The method can help researchers and laser manufactures to perform effective failure analysis of packaged semiconductor lasers.

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Newman, Julius, and Kirk R. Brandow. "Lasers: Review of Current Systems and Applications." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 9, no. 2 (June 1992): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880689200900215.

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For years, dermatologists have treated vascular and cutaneous lesions with lasers, but only recently have cosmetic surgeons begun to realize the potential applications and advantages of lasers over convential “cold steel.” In the past lasers were inordinately expensive, complicated to maintain, and cumbersome to use. As a result of these problems and a relative lack of experience many physicians believed that lasers were “gimmicks” or “marketing tools.” Today, however, they are less costly, more compact, and easier to maintain. Handheld fiberoptics and contact tips simplify their mode of application and emulate the sensory feedback of a surgical scalpel. This article will attempt to foster a better understanding of lasers by reviewing the currently available systems, their individual functions, and their unique application.

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Mikołajczyk, Janusz. "An Overview of Free Space Optics with Quantum Cascade Lasers." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 60, no. 3 (October 28, 2014): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eletel-2014-0033.

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Abstract:

Abstract The article presents an overview of the work on quantum cascade lasers application in free space optical systems (Free Space Optics - FSO). There are discussed the main issues of the open-space laser communications and their practical construction. Comparative analyses of each FSO technology were performed. Brief description of quantum cascade (QC) lasers and some developments related to the use of these lasers in optical data link are also presented. In summary, the constructed models of FSO links with QC lasers are characterized.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lasure'

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