Relevant bibliographies by topics / Late Competition

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Late Competition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Late Competition.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Late Competition"

1

Gaustad, Blaine C. "Prophets and Pretenders: Inter-sect Competition in Qianlong China." Late Imperial China 21, no. 1 (2000): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/late.2000.0004.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Fowler, Peter, Rob Duffield, Adam Waterson, and Joanna Vaile. "Effects of Regular Away Travel on Training Loads, Recovery, and Injury Rates in Professional Australian Soccer Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, no. 5 (2015): 546–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0266.

Full text
Abstract:
The current study examined the acute and longitudinal effects of regular away travel on training load (TL), player wellness, and injury surrounding competitive football (soccer) matches. Eighteen male professional football players, representing a team competing in the highest national competition in Australia, volunteered to participate in the study. Training loads, player wellness and injury incidence, rate, severity, and type, together with the activity at the time of injury, were recorded on the day before, the day of, and for 4 d after each of the 27 matches of the 2012−13 season. This included 14 home and 13 away matches, further subdivided based on the midpoint of the season into early (1−13) and late competition (14−27) phases. While TLs were significantly greater on day 3 at home compared with away during the early competition phase (P = .03), no other significant effects of match location were identified (P > .05). Total TL and mean wellness over the 6 d surrounding matches and TL on day 3 were significantly reduced during the late compared with the early competition phase at home and away (P < .05). Although not significantly (P > .05), training missed due to injury was 60% and 50% greater during the late than during the early competition phase at home and away, respectively. In conclusion, no significant interactions between match location and competition phase were evident during the late competition phase, which suggests that away travel had negligible cumulative effects on the reduction in player wellness in the latter half of the season.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Zangaro, Waldemar, Luis Eduardo Azevedo Marques Lescano, Enio Massao Matsuura, Artur Berbel Lirio Rondina, and Marco Antonio Nogueira. "Differences between root traits of early- and late-successional trees influence below-ground competition and seedling establishment." Journal of Tropical Ecology 32, no. 4 (2016): 300–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467416000274.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract:The competitive influence of the root system of the exotic grass Urochloa brizantha and the widespread forb Leonotis nepetifolia on the emergence, survival and early growth of the seedlings of eight tropical heliophilous herbaceous species, six early-successional woody species and five late-successional woody species from Brazil, grown in 3500-cm3 pots and in greenhouse without light restriction were assessed. The density of fine-root systems produced by the forb and the grass in pots were 6.8 cm cm−3 soil and 48.1 cm cm−3 soil, respectively. Seedlings survival of the heliophilous herbaceous, early- and late-successional woody species were 86%, 70% and 100% in presence of the forb root system and 12%, 14% and 100% in competition with grass root system, respectively. The competitive pressure applied by the grass root system on seedling growth of the heliophilous herbaceous, early- and late-successional woody species were 2.4, 1.9 and 1.4 times greater than the forb root system. Total root length of the heliophilous herbaceous, early- and late-successional woody species grown without competitors were 13, 33 and 5 times greater than in competition with forb, and were 66, 54 and 6 times greater than in competition with grass root system, respectively. The averages of fine-root diameter of plants grown without competitors were 209 μm for the heliophilous herbaceous, 281 μm for early-successional trees and 382 μm for late-successional trees. The root system of the forb did not avoid seedling establishment of most plant species, but the grass root system hampered more the establishment of heliophilous herbaceous and early-successional woody species than the seedling establishment of late-successional woody species. The different density of root systems produced in soil by the forb and the grass, and the distinct root traits (e.g. root diameter and root tissue density) of the early- and late-successional plant species can explain the differences in the establishment of seedlings of plant species belonging to different groups of tropical succession when exposed to below-ground competition.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Roeleke, Manuel, Lilith Johannsen, and Christian C. Voigt. "How Bats Escape the Competitive Exclusion Principle—Seasonal Shift From Intraspecific to Interspecific Competition Drives Space Use in a Bat Ensemble." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 6 (June 12, 2018): 101. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13431965.

Full text
Abstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Predators that depend on patchily distributed prey face the problem of finding food patches where they can successfully compete for prey. While the competitive exclusion principle suggests that species can only coexist if their ecological niches show considerable differences, newer theory proposes that local coexistence can be facilitated by so-called stabilizing and equalizing mechanisms. A prerequisite to identify such mechanisms is the understanding of the strength and the nature of competition (i.e., interference or exploitation). We studied the interaction between two open-space foraging bats by testing if common noctule bats Nyctalus noctula shift their space use in response to simulated aggregations of conspecifics or heterospecific Pipistrellus nathusii. When confronted with playbacks of heterospecifics, N. noctula increased their activity in early summer, but decreased activity in late summer. This pattern was accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of large insects in late summer, suggesting a more intense competition for food in late compared to early summer. When confronted with playbacks of conspecifics, N. noctula did not change their activity, irrespective of season. Our results indicate that in early summer, intraspecific competition is more severe than interspecific competition for insectivorous bats. Likely, conspecifics engage in interference competition for flight space, and may suffer from reduced prey detectability as echolocation calls of conspecifics interfere with each other. During insect rich times, interspecific competition on the other hand may be mediated by fine scale vertical partitioning and the use non-interfering echolocation frequencies. In contrast, when food is scarce in late summer, bats may engage in exploitation competition. Our data suggests that N. noctula avoid aggregations of more agile bats like P. nathusii, probably due to impeded hunting success. Yet, as fast and efficient fliers, N. noctula may be able to escape this disadvantage by exploiting more distant foraging patches.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Roeleke, Manuel, Lilith Johannsen, and Christian C. Voigt. "How Bats Escape the Competitive Exclusion Principle—Seasonal Shift From Intraspecific to Interspecific Competition Drives Space Use in a Bat Ensemble." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 6 (June 7, 2018): 101. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13431965.

Full text
Abstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Predators that depend on patchily distributed prey face the problem of finding food patches where they can successfully compete for prey. While the competitive exclusion principle suggests that species can only coexist if their ecological niches show considerable differences, newer theory proposes that local coexistence can be facilitated by so-called stabilizing and equalizing mechanisms. A prerequisite to identify such mechanisms is the understanding of the strength and the nature of competition (i.e., interference or exploitation). We studied the interaction between two open-space foraging bats by testing if common noctule bats Nyctalus noctula shift their space use in response to simulated aggregations of conspecifics or heterospecific Pipistrellus nathusii. When confronted with playbacks of heterospecifics, N. noctula increased their activity in early summer, but decreased activity in late summer. This pattern was accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of large insects in late summer, suggesting a more intense competition for food in late compared to early summer. When confronted with playbacks of conspecifics, N. noctula did not change their activity, irrespective of season. Our results indicate that in early summer, intraspecific competition is more severe than interspecific competition for insectivorous bats. Likely, conspecifics engage in interference competition for flight space, and may suffer from reduced prey detectability as echolocation calls of conspecifics interfere with each other. During insect rich times, interspecific competition on the other hand may be mediated by fine scale vertical partitioning and the use non-interfering echolocation frequencies. In contrast, when food is scarce in late summer, bats may engage in exploitation competition. Our data suggests that N. noctula avoid aggregations of more agile bats like P. nathusii, probably due to impeded hunting success. Yet, as fast and efficient fliers, N. noctula may be able to escape this disadvantage by exploiting more distant foraging patches.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Gao, Yongqiang, and Taïeb Hafsi. "Competition in corporate philanthropic disaster giving." Chinese Management Studies 9, no. 3 (2015): 311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-06-2014-0112.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how firms compete with each other in philanthropic giving in the context of a natural disaster. In particular, the authors want to investigate: Which firms act faster in disaster relief giving? How do late movers react? In the end, which firms donate most at the competitive equilibrium, first or late movers? Whether and how firm visibility will affect the relationships proposed based on the former three questions? Design/methodology/approach – The Chinese listed companies that donated to the May 12, 2008, Sichuan earthquake are taken as a sample. A negative binomial regression analysis is first conducted to identify the first movers. Then, linear regression analysis is conducted to identify the competition between first movers and late movers. Findings – The authors find that large firms and firms with a high financial performance tend to be first movers in disaster relief giving. Late movers donate amounts that are similar to those of first movers in both absolute and relative value. But first movers donate more in absolute value than late movers in the whole process of giving. Firm visibility strengthens the effect of financial performance (return on assets) on giving timing, but weakens the effect of giving timing on both first round and total giving amount. Originality/value – This study provides a dynamic theory of giving and enhances the understanding of the motives and patterns of corporate disaster relief giving. It also illustrates important insights into firms’ strategic and tactical behavior in disaster relief giving.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Ekman, Mats. "Advance voting and political competition." Constitutional Political Economy 33, no. 1 (2021): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10602-021-09351-9.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThis paper appears to be the first to analyse political campaign incentives when the electorate vote at different moments before Election Day, a phenomenon known as early or advance voting. Many jurisdictions accommodate such voting by accepting mail-in ballots or by opening polling places before Election Day. Since politicians can thereby add campaign promises while citizens vote, they have an incentive to add promises valued by late-voting segments as Election Day approaches. This implies that early-voting segments of the electorate will pay higher taxes and receive lower transfers than had been announced when they voted. Late-voting segments benefit.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Zeng, Xiaoxia, Jiejun Li, Qiaohua Peng, et al. "Differences in Response of Tree Species at Different Succession Stages to Neighborhood Competition." Forests 15, no. 3 (2024): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15030435.

Full text
Abstract:
Neighborhood competition influences tree growth, which can affect species composition and community succession. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding how dominant tree species at different successional stages of forest communities respond in terms of crown architecture and functional traits during their growth process to neighborhood competition. In this study, we analyzed the responses of average annual basal area increment (BAI), crown architecture, and leaf functional traits of early-successional species (Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana), transitional species (Alniphyllum fortunei and Choerospondias axillaris), and late-successional species (Elaeocarpus duclouxii and Castanopsis carlesii) to neighbor competition in a secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest. We found that the BAI of all species is negatively correlated with competition intensity. Notably, early-successional and transitional species exhibited a more rapid decline in growth rates compared to late-successional species in response to increased competition. Among these tree species, the response of crown structure to neighbor competition exhibited variation. Early-successional and transitional species displayed a negative correlation between the competition index and crown area (CA)/diameter, while a positive correlation emerged between the lowest branch height (LBH)/height. Conversely, late-successional species followed the opposite trend. In terms of leaf functional traits, specific leaf area (SLA) showed heightened sensitivity to neighborhood competition, with a positive correlation between SLA of all tree species and the competition index. Furthermore, water use efficiency (WUE) demonstrated negative correlations with the competition index in early-successional and transitional trees, while a positive correlation emerged with late-successional trees. These findings suggest that early-successional and transitional trees prioritize vertical canopy growth, whereas late-successional trees tend to favor horizontal canopy expansion in response to neighboring competition. Additionally, early-successional and transitional trees experience more significant suppression of radial growth rate. Our research contributes to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving changes in species composition and community succession.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Sun, Lianjia, and Jun Lin. "Adoption time of a maturing disruptive technology in a duopoly market." RAIRO - Operations Research 55, no. 6 (2021): 3817–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021176.

Full text
Abstract:
New disruptive technologies invalidate the traditional competition dimension in continuous innovation and reconstruct the competitive landscape. These technologies leave a management gap in the adoption of new technologies by competing companies. Accordingly, this research establishes a duopoly game model based on horizontal and vertical differentiations for technology competition problems with asymmetric features. Competition between firms and technologies are investigated simultaneously. We find that a profit increase from new technologies is typically eliminated by the increased technology competition. Thus, firms with competitive advantages in the old market might be late in adopting new technologies, and the competition will further delay the adoption process. We then introduce a preemption strategy for adopting disruptive technologies, and test it in both current established competition and threat competition from the entrants. Results show that leading companies might hesitate in deterring new entrants for fear of losing the leadership in the current competition. Finally, we provide a time strategy that can help the market leader maintain a leadership position with minimal losses. Our research has contributed to the studies of both the interpretation of the “innovator’s dilemma” and the direction of technology adoption research under multi-dimensional technologies and multiple competitors.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Slezov, V. V., V. V. Rogozhkin, and A. S. Abyzov. "Phase competition in late stages of diffusive decomposition." Physics of the Solid State 40, no. 4 (1998): 601–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1130361.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Late Competition"

1

Urbano, Arthur P. "Lives in competition : biographical literature and the struggle for philosophy in late antiquity /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3174686.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ormsby, Christianne. "Morphology and Paleoecology of Nimravides galiani (Felidae) and Barbourofelis loveorum (Barbourofelidae) from the Late Miocene of Florida." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3902.

Full text
Abstract:
Saber-toothed remains have been found worldwide throughout the Cenozoic, until the end of the Pleistocene. One site from Alachua County, Florida preserves a diverse Miocene fauna, including the machairodontine Nimravides galiani (Felidae) and the saber-toothed Barbourofelis loveorum (Barbourofelidae). Both taxa roamed what would become the Love Bone Bed site during the Late Miocene (Late Clarendonian NALMA), ~ 9.5 Mya. Previous descriptions focused on crania; yet the large sample of postcrania remained undescribed. Hence, this project includes a detailed postcranial description of both taxa. Results show that N. galiani resembles extant felids, whereas B. loveorum resembles Smilodon fatalis, as well as ursids. Additionally, locomotion and hunting behavior (prey capture) was examined quantitatively to assess ecologic overlap (niche partitioning vs direct competition). N. galiani probably displayed terrestrial locomotion in open habitats, whereas B. loveorum likely inhabited the deciduous forest as an ambulatory opportunistic/ambush predator. Results support niche partitioning, rather than direct competition.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Monks, Sarah J. "The role of conflict and competition in the development of prehistoric west Mediterranean societies from the late 4th to early 2nd millennium BC." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244942.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Berglund, Johan, Johan Borg, and Johan Zetterström. "Renommésnyltning : -de lega lata." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1800.

Full text
Abstract:
<p>Uppslaget till vår uppsats har framkommit som ett resultat av diskussioner mellan författarna och handledare. Författarna har alla tre en företagsekonomisk bakgrund och har tidigare studerat de företagsekonomiska aspekterna av området varumärken och renommésnyltning.</p><p>Varumärken och andra immateriella rättigheter är i dagens samhälle ett viktigt område för företag. Om ett företag kan visa upp ett starkt varumärke med ett gott renommé/anseende kan de skaffa sig konkurrensfördelar på marknaden. I och med att det finns ett vinstintresse bland företag så finns alltid risken att andra företag vill utnyttja ett konkurrerande företags goda renommé för egen vinning skull, alltså renommésnyltning.</p><p>Att detta problem existerar är sedan länge känt och det finns idag lagar och praxis som skall skydda företag från att få sitt varumärke/renommé felaktigt utnyttjat. Varumärken skyddas främst utifrån Varumärkeslagen (Vml) medan felaktigt utnyttjande av ett företags renommé i reklam eller saluföring skyddas utifrån Marknadsföringslagen (MFL).</p><p>Uppsatsen är baserad på de lagar och praxis som tillämpas inom området otillbörlig marknadsföring, då med renommésnyltning som primärt området att studera. Uppsatsen syfte är att fastställa gällande rätt för det rättsliga området renommésnyltning. Vi har genom att studera Marknadsföringslagen samt praxis från Marknadsdomstolen försökt att besvara uppsatsen syfte och problemformulering.</p><p>Efter att ha analyserat alla de fall som utgjort vårt underlag kan vi sammanfattningsvis konstatera att det är väldigt svårt att fastställa klara och tydliga regler som går att applicera i varje fall. Orsaken till detta är att varje fall som MD dömt i skiller sig från de andra, alltså det finns inga fall det där alla kriterier är lika. Dock kan vi konstatera att många likheter finns i MD: s domar och det är dessa som skapar den praxis som finns i dagsläget.</p>
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Trauben, Bruce Kenneth. "Potential competition among young-of-year fish in western Lake Erie /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu14876939231966.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Duncan, Janelle M. "Behaviorial Interactions Between Juvenile Stages of Yellow Perch and Round Goby Affects Competition." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1155251925.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Roney, Hillary Christine. "Competitive Exclusion of Cyanobacterial Species in the Great Salt Lake." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2476.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Brunkalla, Roberta Joann. "Influence of Mixing and Buoyancy on Competition Between Cyanobacteria Species in Upper Klamath Lake." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3998.

Full text
Abstract:
Cyanobacterial blooms in lakes impact human health, the economy, and ecosystem health. It is predicted that climate change will promote and increase the frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms due to unique physiological adaptions that allow cyanobacteria to exploit warm stable water bodies. Key cyanobacteria physiological adaptions include nitrogen fixation, buoyancy regulation and higher optimum growth temperatures. The largest uncertainty of predicting the effect of climate change is in understanding how the interactions among species will change. Adding to the ambiguity, cyanobacteria physiological adaptions can vary based on lakespecific ecotypes and can have different sensitivities to temperature. It is critical to understand how cyanobacterial physiological adaptions impact species interactions in order to improve and devise adaptable, short‐term management methods for bloom control. This study investigated how weather patterns and algal buoyancy regulation influence the competition and accumulation of two bloom‐forming buoyant cyanobacteria species (Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae (APFA) and toxin‐forming Microcystis aeruginosa (MSAE)) in Upper Klamath Lake (UKL), Oregon. The focus was confirming the buoyancy rate of the APFA in Upper Klamath Lake and exploring whether short‐term weather conditions could lead to dangerous accumulations of APFA or MSAE. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the model's buoyancy terms and growth curves to see if the outcome of competition was influenced by these parameters. UKL specific buoyancy rates were measured on APFA from samples taken directly from the lake in the summer of 2015. Tracking software was used to measure APFA movement through water, and individual colony movement was averaged to obtain a single buoyancy rate. There was a high degree of agreement between the calculated APFA buoyancy rate in UKL (0.89 ± 0.34 m hr-1) with the rate published by Walsby (1995; 0.9 ± 0.5 m hr-1). This study investigated how weather patterns and buoyancy regulation influenced the outcome of competition between APFA and MSAE. Weather and water column temperature data were collected from UKL in the summer of 2016. A onedimensional hydrodynamic model was used to calculate the lake's thermal and turbulence structure on days with contrasting weather patterns (hot/cool and windy/calm). A competition model was used to calculate the accumulation of APFA and MSAE cells in regular intervals through the water column under the various weather scenarios. MSAE accumulation was significantly influenced by the thermal and turbulence regimes, but APFA maintained high accumulations under every regime and was the better competitor under every thermal and turbulence regime. MSAE was more negatively impacted by high turbulence than low temperatures. APFA's optimum temperature growth curve was found to be important in determining the outcome of competition between APFA and MSAE. Surprisingly, competition was not sensitive to changes in buoyancy rates. Buoyancy was not found to be a function of algal accumulation under any thermal and turbulence regime. The impacts of climate change and human‐induced enrichment has the potential to change existing patterns of species interactions in lentic systems. Restoration and management efforts should consider the significance of cascading ecological responses to climate change. Understanding how key physiological adaptions operate is the first step to assessing the scope of this impact. While buoyancy might not play a large role in competition in UKL, it might be possible to use mixing to suppress MSAE because it is negatively impacted by high turbulence. If MSAE hot spots become a reoccurring problem in UKL, lakes managers might be able to use localized mixing to suppress MSAE blooms in these problem areas.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Drakare, Stina. "The Role of Picophytoplankton in Lake Food Webs." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Limnology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2710.

Full text
Abstract:
<p>Picophytoplankton were inferior competitors for inorganic phosphorus compared to heterotrophic bacteria. This may be due to the source of energy available for the heterotrophs, while cell-size was of minor importance. However, picophytoplankton were superior to large phytoplankton in the competition for nutrients at low concentrations. </p><p>Biomass of picophytoplankton was low in brownwater lakes and high in clearwater lakes, compared to the biomass of heterotrophic bacteria. The results suggest that picophytoplankton are inferior to heterotrophic bacteria in the competition for inorganic nutrients in brownwater lakes, where the production of heterotrophic bacteria is subsidized by humic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) </p><p>Relative to large phytoplankton, picophytoplankton were most important in lakes with intermediate water colour, despite the fact that the lowest nutrient concentrations were found in the clearwater lakes. Large phytoplankton in the clearwater lakes may be able to overcome nutrient competition with picophytoplankton by vertical migration.</p><p>In conclusion, changes in nutrient content, light availability and concentrations of DOC affect the interactions of heterotrophic bacteria, picophytoplankton and large phytoplankton and are therefore important factors for the structure of the food web in the pelagic zones of lakes.</p><p>Picophytoplankton (planktonic algae and cyanobacteria, < 2 µm) constitute an important component of pelagic food webs. They are linked to larger phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria through complex interactions including competition, commensalism and predation. In this thesis, field and laboratory studies on the competitive ability of picophytoplankton are reported.</p>
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Small, Ron. "Trophic interactions between larval gizzard shad and resident zooplanktivores in Claytor Lake, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35261.

Full text
Abstract:
Anglers unlawfully introduced gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum into Claytor Lake, Virginia in the late 1980s, apparently with the intention of improving the sportfishery by adding an additional clupeid prey resource. This study examined the trophic interactions between larval shad and resident zooplanktivorous fishes, in an attempt to discover the potential for trophic competition and negative impacts to these fish species. Ichthyoplankton sampling in 1997 and 1998 showed that peak abundances of larval shad overlapped temporally and spatially with both larval Lepomis spp. and larval alewife Alosa pseudoharengus. Peak larval shad density (0.04-0.06 fish/m3) was two to three orders of magnitude less than that reported from other reservoir systems, slightly less than that of larval alewife in Claytor Lake (0.05-0.07 fish/m3), and significantly less than that of larval Lepomis spp. in Claytor Lake (0.28-0.51 fish/m3). Diet overlap values indicated potential resource overlap among all three larval taxa. Diet of larval shad did not overlap with that of either age-0 Micropterus spp. or adult alewife. All species of limnetic larvae examined showed feeding preferences for Diaphanosoma and copepod nauplii. Crustacean zooplankton densities did not respond negatively to peak larval fish abundances, and never dropped below 250-400 organisms/L. In Claytor Lake, the impact of trophic competition with larval gizzard shad on other zooplanktivores currently appears to be minimized by low densities of larval shad and abundant crustacean zooplankton.<br>Master of Science
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Late Competition"

1

J, Kelly Michael. Urban Interactions: Communication and Competition in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. Punctum Books, 2020.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Rosenstein, Nathan Stewart. Imperatores victi: Military defeat and aristocratic competition in the middle and late republic. University of California Press, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

J, Kelly Michael. Urban Interactions: Communication and Competition in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. punctum books, 2020.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Salzman, Michele Renee. Pagans and Christians in late antique Rome: Conflict, competition, and coexistence in the fourth century. Cambridge University Press, 2015.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Li, Shuhe. Incentive asymmetry between early and late comers in adopting flexible mass production: A spatial model. City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, Department of Economics and Finance, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Trust, LTCB International Library, and Kokusai Bunka Kaikan (Tokyo, Japan), eds. The Lancashire cotton industry and its rivals: International competition in cotton goods in the late nineteenth century : Britain versus India, China, and Japan. International House of Japan, 2018.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Germany (West). Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft. Referat Öffentlichkeitsarbeit., ed. Zur aussenwirtschaftlichen Lage und zur Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der deutschen Wirtschaft. Das Bundesministerium, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

1943-, Greenberg Warren, ed. Competition in the health care sector: Ten years later. Duke University Press, 1988.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Imperato, Pascal James. Quest for the Jade Sea: Colonial competition around an East African lake. Westview Press, 1998.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Schricker, Gerhard. Wettbewerb der öffentlichen Hand im Strukturwandel: Die wettbewerbsrechtliche Lage der Postbank. Nomos, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Late Competition"

1

Stabel, Peter. "Economic development, urbanisation and political organisation in the late medieval southern Low Countries." In Political Competition, Innovation and Growth. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60324-2_14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Nagel, Johannes, and Tobias Werron. "The Civilizing Force of National Competition." In Global Studies. transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839457474-005.

Full text
Abstract:
This chapter explores mid-to-late nineteenth-century U.S. nationalism in its global context. We focus on what we call scarcity nationalism: A type of nationalism which introduces notions of scarcity to imagine competition between nations. We use this concept to analyze two discourses, on protectionism and navalism, showing how in both cases measures to protect U.S. interests in inter-national competition - through tariffs or battleships - were introduced as a means of contributing to human progress in the long run. By imagining competition between nations as a transitional stage of human development, scarcity nationalism aimed (and still aims) at justifying national competition while relating it to a universalist and progressive framework.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ijäs, Ulla. "Business Competition and Books in the Late Eighteenth-Century Merchant Community." In Konkurrenzen in der Frühen Neuzeit. Böhlau Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/9783412526993.423.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Myers, Barton A. "Bvt. Major General Emory Upton's Military Policy of the United States and the Origins of U.S. Army Reform in the Late Nineteenth Century." In The Sources of Great Power Competition. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003396420-6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Coomans, Thomas. "Architectural Competition in a University Town: The Mendicant Friaries in Late Medieval Louvain." In Architecture, Liturgy and Identity. Brepols Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.sga-eb.1.100142.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Burke, Lois. "Conclusion." In Late-Victorian Girls and their Manuscript Magazines. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86524-4_5.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract During the final decades of the nineteenth century, adolescent girls played a significant role in manuscript magazine productions amongst family, friends, and unrelated peers. With their enhanced leisure time and extensive education, many girls took pleasure in the pursuit of manuscript magazine production, treating the process with care and attention. Girls’ propensity to take up roles as editors in manuscript magazine projects, and to introduce competition pages and critics pages, attests to the seriousness with which they accorded them. We saw that girls of a literary mind made manuscript magazines and that these productions were often steeped in textual references. Adaptations of existing literature, whether histories, poetry or prose, were a key mode of expression for girls. This observation adds a new facet to previous research which has sought to uncover the extent of girls’ rich cultural lives during the later nineteenth century.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Carlier, Anne, and Walter Mulder. "The emergence of the definite article: ille in competition with ipse in Late Latin." In Subjectification, Intersubjectification and Grammaticalization. DE GRUYTER MOUTON, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110226102.3.241.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Krulak, Todd C. "The Damascian Dichotomy Contention and Concord in the History of Late Platonism." In Religious Competition in the Third Century CE: Jews, Christians, and the Greco-Roman World. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666550683.192.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Glynn, Simon. "The Gestalt Switch from Capitalist Competition to Socialistic Cooperation as Socially Desirable and Pragmatically Necessary." In The Economic Logic of Late Capitalism and the Inevitable Triumph of Socialism. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52667-2_20.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Glynn, Simon. "Capitalism’s Moral and Ontological Dilemmas: Competition, the Inevitably Exploitative Response, and the Crisis of Overproduction." In The Economic Logic of Late Capitalism and the Inevitable Triumph of Socialism. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52667-2_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Late Competition"

1

Danielson, T. A., H. G. Wheat, M. A. Schmerling, L. Li, and E. F. Gloyna. "Apparatus for Studying Corrosion in Sub- and Supercritical Water Oxidation Environments." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00510.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a waste treatment process that has been under development since the late 1970s (1); but only recently has the first full-scale demonstration facility been built (2). SCWO operates at elevated temperatures (greater than 374 °C) and pressures (greater than 22.1 MPa) with excess oxygen. It has been demonstrated that SCWO is an environmentally attractive waste treatment option which has the potential to be economically competitive. However, one of the major technical challenges for commercialization of SCWO technology is to identify suitable materials of construction for various process equipment. In this paper, an apparatus and experimental procedure for studying the corrosion behavior of 316 stainless steel (316 SS) and grade 9 titanium (Ti gr 9) will be described. The performance of these materials based on this procedure as well as other procedures will also be discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Le, Dustin, and Mike Babiarz. "Ambient Curing and Thermosetting of Polyurea and Polyurethane Castable Liner." In Paint and Coatings Expo (PACE) 2010. SSPC, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2010-00003.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract For the last several decades, polyurethane/polyurea spray-applied elastomeric coatings have gained market acceptance as durable, and long lasting protective coatings. With the advances of the high-pressure impingement spray equipment technology during mid-to-late 1980’s, fast setting, two component polyurethane/polyurea coatings finally have a fighting chance in the protective coatings market. Polyurethane and polyurea coatings are well known for their high performance, corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, and high impact resistance in a various ambient temperature. However when it comes to abrasion and tear resistance, they exhibit moderate to medium results. Ambient curing and thermosetting polyurea and polyurethane castable liners can offer many of the features and benefits common with sprayed-on elastomeric coatings, while at the same time improving on the abrasion and tear resistances category. In this paper, we are going to present the chemistry of typical castable polyurethanes and polyureas, as well as competitive advantages, physical data, equipment requirement, application processes and market channels.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Fred Neville, J., and E. Joseph Wolf. "Prequalification of Contractors to Avoid Low Bid Syndrome." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97381.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The low bid syndrome and its resulting problems, exposure of hidden costs, etc., has been the bane of project managers for many years. What is being presented in this paper can save the client from falling into this insidious trap or, as the old saying goes, “pay me now or pay me later". The coating of concrete particularly for corrosion protection, presents many unique challenges to the contractor and, as a result, requires the contractor to be knowledgeable both of coatings as well as the properties of concrete. He must be experienced, financially stable and have the work ethic to do the job correctly the first time. This paper assumes that the client has selected the appropriate coating system for the concrete and has prepared a detailed succinct specification that lays the appropriate ground work for the coating contractor to prepare his proposal. By implementing criteria for prequalification of the coating contractor that will be allowed to bid the project, the client will be able to award a contract with the piece of mind that he has a quality contractor that will do a quality job at the most competitive pricing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Janzen, Todd S., and W. Norval Horner. "The Alliance Pipeline: A Design Shift in Long Distance Gas Transmission." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2010.

Full text
Abstract:
Competition in the natural gas industry grows steadily. The demand for natural gas transportation has typically exceeded the capability of the existing natural gas pipelines within Canada for several years. Even though intense competition exists with producing and marketing natural gas, limited transportation options limits the business opportunities available for energy companies. This competitive spirit is driving the Alliance Pipeline Project. Once the pipeline is complete, producers will have an additional transportation option to move their products to Chicago, Illinois, which is emerging as an important business hub for natural gas marketing. Designing and constructing a natural gas pipeline in the late 1990’s will allow Alliance Pipeline Limited the ability to implement the latest technology into all aspects of the design.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

McGowan, Pauric, and Sarah Cooper. "Taking technological opportunities to the market: the role of university-based business plan competitions in supporting high technology commercialisation." In 16th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2008. University of Twente, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268579883.

Full text
Abstract:
Encouraging technology-based entrepreneurship is central to the policy agendas of governmental and non-governmental economic development agencies in many industrialised and newly-industrialising countries. Entrepreneurs are central to venture creation and evidence indicates that, following secondary and, typically, tertiary education, most work for one or more employers prior to establishing a technology-based venture on their own or with others. As a result of this “entrepreneurial apprenticeship” many technology entrepreneurs establish businesses in their mid- to late thirties. Developing a thorough understanding of product/service markets and devising strategies to access, serve and support customers are major challenges for founders of technology-based businesses. Ventures established by individuals or groups with relevant commercial experience benefit from the knowhow and networks of their founders. This paper explores the role of university business plan competitions in stimulating entrepreneurial activity and technology transfer from two universities in Northern Ireland by focusing on entrants in the 2007 £25k Enterprise Award Scheme business planning competition. Such initiatives tend to attract students/recent graduates and members of university staff which raises the question as to how such teams develop commercially-robust ventures, given that, on the face of it, most have little or no commercial experience. Based upon analysis of the business plans of the top ten ventures from the 2007 competition this paper explores characteristics of the entrepreneurial teams, their choice of product/service offerings and aspects of the markets they target.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Wiendahl, Hans-Peter, and Volker Grosse-Heitmeyer. "Highly Flexible Final Production Stages: A New Approach for Assembly in the Variant-Rich Series Production." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42518.

Full text
Abstract:
The rapid manufacture of a great range of variant products is gaining importance in global competition. Customers are increasingly demanding products which are matched to their specific requirements. The production of these customized variants gives a competitive advantage, but also leads to higher production costs. Almost every step in the process of making a product is capable of generating variants. A key element in variant management is to make the variants as late as possible in order to exploit economies of scale in the earliest stages of production and to minimize the complexity of production [9], [6]. The technique of the highly flexible final production stage consists in achieving a late emergence of variants by integrating the variant-specific manufacturing processes into the assembly stage. This means abandoning the conventional distinction between manufacture and assembly in favour of a division into a preliminary, variant-neutral production stage and a final production stage where the variants take shape. The final production stage includes all the processes that yield variants. The complete manufacture of variant-neutral parts and subassemblies takes place in the preliminary production stage, as does the prefabrication of those parts and sub-assemblies which are to undergo final manufacture as variants in the final production stage. The result is a procedure capable of producing a broad spectrum of variants economically and with minimal throughput times. This paper describes the philosophy of this new approach and concludes with a practical case study.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Lowe, Katie, Caroline Ketcham, Takudzwa Madzima, and Eric Hall. "673 EP040 – Stress, performance, and recovery measures in addition to hormone levels in female collegiate athletes across practice and competition sessions early and late in the semester." In 7th IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury and Illness in Sport, Monaco, 29 February–2 March 2024. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-ioc.163.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Pire-Le Gal, Maëlle, Wafa Snoussi, Marianna Rondon, Gaëlle Laffray, Jean-Benoit Laudet, and Thierry Palermo. "Optimizing Subsea Processing for Deep and Long Step-Out Gas Fields." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32272-ms.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract In the current energy shortage and transition context, gas represents an alternative to provide an affordable, reliable and less GHG emissions issuing energy than other available fossil energies. Flow Assurance studies have been launched for a series of gas fields to identify optimal subsea processing functional requirements for a subsea to shore export. The objective is to confirm the robustness of subsea processing architectures identified in previous studies and to evaluate their sensibility towards water depth, step-out, fluid composition and bathymetry. First, real gas fields were selected, the portfolio was completed with notional cases constructed on analogs to reach a good mapping in depth and distance to shore. For each case, bathymetries and PVT models were established. Ledaflow® was used to construct flow models and define the necessary pipeline size based on early and late life flowrates (based upon Erosion Velocity Ratio, Turn down and hydrate risk). When the multiphase export required several pipelines in parallel, an alternative architecture was studied consisting of multiphase pipeline at early life and then gas/liquid separation plus single phases export (separated gas pipeline and liquid pipeline) for late life. Compression and boosting requirement were evaluated. More than one configuration is technically possible. The solution of "multiple multiphase export pipelines" is usually in competition with a "single multiphase pipeline at early life coupled with a subsea separation at late life". The first configuration favors operational flexibility, while the second one favors reduced installation time and cost and allows decreasing the well head back pressure to increase reserves. However, this last solution still requires the installation of a liquid line at late life. Regarding boosting requirements, each configuration has compression needs at late life. The first architecture allows to optimize the compression requirements and increase the process efficiency, while the second one present the drawback of high boosting requirements for the liquid line for great depth and longer step out. For the multiphase export, and a field with very low CGR, the governing parameter for the pressure loss and the compression requirements is the step-out, not the water depth, while, for the subsea separation scheme, the water depth becomes detrimental for the boosting requirements of the liquid line for the great water depths. This large study confirms the feasibility of subsea to shore architectures for gas fields and allows identifying the limitations of the existing technologies and anticipating future technological developments.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Horn, Gary E. "The Development of Common Structural Rules for Tankers." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2005-d31.

Full text
Abstract:
In late 2001 classification societies Lloyd’s Register, the American Bureau of Shipping and Det Norske Veritas (LR, ABS and DNV) announced plans to standardize a wide number of mutually agreed upon initiatives covering survey and engineering. This standardization process was precipitated as a response to calls for more robust requirements as well as a Class response to calls for improvement made by governments, industry and the general public. One of the initiatives was the establishment of a joint tanker project team (JTP) to develop Common Structural Rules for Tankers so that competition on structural requirements (safety) would be eliminated. Once the common rules are finalized and in effect, they will replace the current tanker rules of LR, ABS and DNV. This paper outlines the rule development process, key technical aspects of the common rules, the impact to the design scantlings, and future maintenance of these rules.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Prasad, Biren. "Total Value Management: A New Trend Beyond Total Quality Management (TQM)." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/eim-1422.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract One of the pitfall of total quality management (TQM) is that it is based on a single measurement, which has mostly been “quality” or “quality-driven.” Today manufacturing sectors are much more fiercely competitive and global than ever before. Consumers are more demanding, competition is more global, fierce and ruthless, and technology is advancing (and changing) rapidly. The quality-based philosophy inherent in TQM does not account for the shrinking time factor inherent in today’s complex product design, development and delivery (PD3) process. The competitors are always finding better and faster ways of doing things. Catching up in quality is not enough to be a world-class leader in manufacturing. It only makes a company at par with its competitors in terms of inheriting some of their product’s quality characteristics. But relatively speaking it gets you there only after a few years later. What is required is a total control of one’s own process — that is to identify and satisfy the needs and expectations of consumers better than the competitions and to do so profitably faster than any other competitor. Competition has driven organization to consider concepts such as time compression (fast-to-market), concurrent engineering, design for X-ability, and tools and technology (such as Taguchi, Value Engineering, QFD, etc.) while designing and developing an artifact. Quality — as in TQM — addresses aspects of “quality” with reference to the functions a product has to perform. But, this is one of the many value characteristics that need to be considered by a world-class manufacturer. With conventional TQM process, it is difficult to address all aspects of Total Values Management (TVM) such as X-ability, cost, tools and technology, responsiveness and organization issues. It is not enough to include “Quality” into a product or process and expect the outcome to be a world-class. TVM efforts are vital in maintaining a competitive edge in today’s global marketplace. The question is how to address all value aspects of this TVM? This is what discussed in this paper. A new concurrent PD3 process for TVM methodology is proposed, which accounts for concurrency — paralleling of value characteristics — along with a methodology for their systematic deployments.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Late Competition"

1

Maguire, Karen, Sophia J. Tanner, Justin B. Winikoff, and Ryan Williams. Utility-scale solar and wind development in rural areas. Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2024.8374829.ers.

Full text
Abstract:
This report examines land cover and land cover change associated with solar and wind farms over the period 2009-20. Wind development has been expanding since the late 1990s and comprises a larger share of renewable capacity than solar; most solar farms were installed after 2016. Due to decreasing costs and new or existing policies promoting renewable development, the pace is expected to increase. The amount of land cover directly affected by solar and wind is estimated to be small relative to the amount of farmland. Still, more than 90 percent of wind turbines and 70 percent of solar farms in rural areas were sited on agricultural land. There are large regional differences in the distribution of solar and wind development. Further, even in years where no development occurred, land cover changed more frequently on land used for solar than wind, suggesting that solar and wind were sited on different types of land. Agricultural land surrounding wind turbines typically maintained agricultural land cover after development, while approximately 15 percent of land surrounding solar farms shifted out of agriculture. This suggests that wind is compatible with agriculture and that there is some land use competition between farmland and solar farms.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Schnaufer, Tad. GNSI Decision Brief: Strategic Competition in the Arctic: Sooner or Later? Global and National Security Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/hjdh3296.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bover, Olympia, Laura Hospido, and Ana Lamo. Gender and Career Progression: Evidence from the Banco de España. Banco de España, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/38192.

Full text
Abstract:
Using anonymised personnel records from the Banco de España, we examine gender differences in career progression. This institution features a complex professional development system, in which competitive calls, direct appointments and vertical promotions coexist. We document that the presence of women has increased markedly since the late 1990s, although not always in a monotonic manner. Comparing male and female potential candidates for the same process, we find no significant gender gaps in the probability of promotion in competitive calls, nor in direct appointments or in vertical promotions. Among managers, however, our findings suggest differences between different types of promotion processes. In promotions to/between department director and division head positions, we do find a significantly lower probability of promotion for women relative to men through competitive calls. We also find that women are less likely to apply for managerial positions in competitive calls than men. Finally, in the business areas where most economists work, we find that women are less likely than men to be promoted to/between department director and division head positions in competitive calls, but have a higher probability of achieving vertical promotions to positions immediately below these levels in the hierarchy, such as unit heads. For this group of business areas, gender differences in the probability of application are not significant.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Oikawa, Keita, Fusanori Iwasaki, Yasuyuki Sawada, and Shigehiro Shinozaki. Unintended Consequences of Business Digitalization among MSMEs during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Indonesia. Asian Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps240234-2.

Full text
Abstract:
This study employs unique data from Indonesia to investigate whether and how digitalization of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) helped them weather the adverse shocks from the pandemic and resulting lockdowns. The main empirical result is that, in the pandemic’s early phases, digitalized MSMEs disproportionately encountered negative effects on their business outcomes. The seemingly harmful elements of digitalization disappeared during later stages. The findings provide critical implications for industrial and competition policies related to MSMEs during the COVID-19 recovery process.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Brunkalla, Roberta. Influence of Mixing and Buoyancy on Competition Between Cyanobacteria Species in Upper Klamath Lake. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5882.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bian, Wenlong, Lin William Cong, and Yang Ji. The Rise of E-Wallets and Buy-Now-Pay-Later: Payment Competition, Credit Expansion, and Consumer Behavior. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31202.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Niesten, Hannelore. Taxation Policies, Processes, and Performances of Mobile Money Providers in Côte d’Ivoire. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.030.

Full text
Abstract:
This policy brief examines the effects of cumulative, specific 7.2 per cent taxes on mobile money (MM) service providers in Côte d’Ivoire. It assesses the unique tax framework, which deviates from the consumer-centric trend observed in many African countries, where end-users typically bear the burden. Initially targeting telecom companies, the tax expanded to encompass MM providers created by licensed telecom operators (Orange Money, MTN Money, and Moov Money) and, later, all companies providing MM operations. Concerns over potential investment declines persist, yet concrete evidence is absent. The data available suggests a decrease in MM turnover, partially due to lowered MM service prices, though telecom regulator reports note a lack of communication in MM revenue reporting. If specific taxes were reduced or abolished, the funds originally allocated could be reinvested, particularly to bolster agent commissions in rural zones, given the heightened competition between diverse payment service players in Côte d’Ivoire. The study emphasises the importance of a level playing field with other money transfer services provided by banks, local businesses, and fintech.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Splitter, Gary, Zeev Trainin, and Yacov Brenner. Lymphocyte Response to Genetically Engineered Bovine Leukemia Virus Proteins in Persistently Lymphocytic Cattle from Israel and the U.S. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570556.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The goal of this proposal was to identify proteins of BLV recognized by lymphocyte subpopulations and determine the contribution of these proteins to viral pathogenesis. Our hypothesis was that BLV pathogenesis is governed by the T-cell response and that the immune system likely plays an important role in controlling the utcome of infection. Our studies presented in ths final report demonstrate that T cell competency declines with advancing stages of infection. Dramatic differences were observed in lymphocyte proliferation to recombinant proteins encoded by BLV gag (p12, p15, and p24) and env (gp30 and gp15) genes in different disease stages. Because retroviruses are known to mutate frequently, examinatin of infected cattle from both Israel and the United States will likely detect variability in the immune response. This combined research approach provides the first opportunity to selectively address the importance of T-cell proliferation to BLV proteins and cytokines produced during different stages of BLV infection. Lack of this information regarding BLV infection has hindered understanding lympocyte regulation of BLV pathogenesis. We have developed the essential reagents necessary to determine the prominence of different lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines produced during the different disease stages within the natural host. We found that type 1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-g) increased in PBMCs from animals in early disease, and decreasd in PBMCs from animals in late disease stages of BLV infection, while IL-10, increased with disease progression. Recently, a dichotomy between IL-12 and IL-10 has emerged in regards to progression of a variety of diseases. IL-12 activates type 1 cytokine production and has an antagonistic effect on type 2 cytokines. Here, using quantitative competitive PCR, we show that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from bovine leukemia virus infected animals in the alymphocytotic disease stage express increased amount of IL-12 p40 mRNA. In contrast, IL-12 p40 mRNA expression by PL animals was significantly decreased compared to normal and alymphocytotic animals. To examine the functions of these cytokines on BLV expression, BLV tax and pol mRNA expression and p24 protein production were quantified by competitive PCR, and by immunoblotting, respectively. IL-10 inhibited BLV tax and pol mRNA expression by BLV-infected PBMCs. In addition, we determined that macrophages secret soluble factor(s) that activate BLV expression, and that secretion of the soluble factor(s) could be inhibited by IL-10. In contrast, IL-2 increased BLV tax and pol mRNA, and p24 protein production. These findings suggest that macrophages have a key role in regulating BLV expression, and IL-10 produced by BLV-infected animals in late disease stages may serve to control BLV expression, while IL-2 in the early stage of disease may activate BLV expression. PGE2 is an important immune regulator produced only by macrophages, and is known to facilitate HIV replication. We hypothesized that PGE2 may regulate BLV expression. Here, we show that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression was decreased in PBMCs treated with IL-10, while IL-2 enhanced COX-2 mRNA expression. In contrast, addition of PGE2 stimulated BLV tax and pol mRNA expression. In addition, the specific COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, inhibited BLV expression, while addition of PGE2 increased BLV tax expression regardless of NS-398. These findings suggest that macrophage derived cyclooxygenase -2 products, such as PGE2, may regulate virus expression and disease rogression in BLV infection, and that cytokines (IL-2 and IL-10) may regulate BLV expression through PGE2 production.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Canto, Patricia, ed. Heterogeneous Social Capitals: A New Window of Opportunity for Local Economies. Universidad de Deusto, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/gwvw3770.

Full text
Abstract:
In this paper we analyze the relationship between hot topics in economic development such as global knowledge pipelines (GKP), tacit knowledge (TK) and social capital (SC). In particular, echoing the work of Gertler (2003) and Bathelt et al. (2004) we stress that GKPs are important not only as conveyors of codified knowledge, but also of TK. In this paper, we make two additional operations; the first is extending the concept of TK to include systematically the concept of SC. Traditionally, TK tends to be conceived as individual experiential knowledge based on practice, in a way part of the human capital embodied in the highly-skilled individual expert. We’d rather include here also collective pools of social knowledge otherwise called SC since TK can be created and later transferred by wider communities. In this operation we benefit from Blacklers (2002) typology of knowledge that appropriately includes aspects of localized SC in the form of ‘encultured’ and ‘embedded knowledge’. In the second operation we extend Williams argument (2007) on the richness of migrants’ codified and tacit knowledge; in fact, we assert that TK flows do not rely only upon highly knowledgeable economic agents such as scientists, engineers and top managers, but on a broader spectrum of individual and collective agents that are and/or can be part of competitive GVC/GPN/GKP. This discussion has special importance for local production systems (LPS) such as clusters and districts, where TK flows and SC are transforming dramatically, thus need more thorough theoretical frameworks to represent these changing socioeconomic scenarios, as well as their real constraints and opportunities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Müftüler-Baç, Meltem, Gustavo Müller, Monika Sus, et al. Assessing the European Union's External Action Towards Its Strategic Partners and Formulating Policy Recommendations. EsadeGeo. Center for Global Economy and Geopolitics, 2024. https://doi.org/10.56269/202401/mmb.

Full text
Abstract:
The European Union’s foreign policy aimed at building and sustaining effective multilateralism as a key strategic objective, as outlined in its 2003 European Security Strategy and later revised in the 2016 Global Strategy into effective global governance. The European Union’s foreign policy encompasses bilateral agreements with global players, identified as strategic partners, both with state actors and international organisations. There are multiple facets of the EU’s engagement with global strategic partners, some of which are defined within a legal framework, and some selected on a more ad hoc basis and in an informal manner. This working paper provides an assessment of the European Union’s engagement with its strategic partners, building on the previous research findings of the ENGAGE project. The EU’s external environment has altered significantly since the beginning of the project, with the unprecedented global pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and the Israeli-Hamas war in October 2023. Whilst the EU’s relations with some strategic partners has led to the drafting of new agreements, its relations with certain strategic partners have deteriorated – Russia, which was previously defined as a partner, has become a strategic rival. The dynamic aspect and flexibility of the EU’s engagement with strategic partners is critical to enhance the effectiveness, coherence and sustainability of this foreign policy tool. This working paper aims to unpack the EU’s strategic partnerships and to assess whether they are effective, coherent and sustainable tools. The former toolbox for building a multilateral world order – strategic partnerships being one of these instruments – has proven unable to respond to rising power competition, populism and nationalism at the international level. Intensified complexity at the global level brings multilateralism at odds with the recent emphasis on nationalism and national interests. This contestation on the merits of multilateralism is a new complication for the EU’s strategic partnerships and their role in building a multilateral, rule-based international order driven by both values and material interests. As a result, strategic partnerships need a major update, with an in-depth review of existing agreements, harmonisation of Member State and EU institution positions, and increasing multilateral management of bilateral agreements.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Late Competition' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography