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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Late Qing Reform

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Academic literature on the topic 'Late Qing Reform'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Late Qing Reform"

1

Qu, Jason. "Self-Strengthening Movement of Late Qing China: an Intermediate Reform Doomed to Failure." Asian Culture and History 8, no. 2 (August 25, 2016): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v8n2p148.

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<p class="1Body">Despite of strong economy including highest GDP gross and self-sufficient feudal economy system, the late Qing Empire fell behind the world trend with its isolationist trade policies. As the Western world caught up technologically, economically, and politically, the former biggest economy had suffered from consecutive losses in wars. In order to preserve the feudal regime, the initiative reform, termed the Self Strengthening Movement was grandly carried out. However, without the true support from the supreme power on one hand, and without the support of the populace on the other, the Movement was an intermediate reform in attempt to preserve the royal system and forestall its continued decline. In policy, the reforms envisioned Western-style modernization without adjusting the political order, yet the entrenched conservatism of the Qing Imperial Court proved to be the decisive hindering factor in the failure of the Movement.</p>

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CHENG, W. K. "Enlightenment and Unity: Language Reformism in Late Qing China." Modern Asian Studies 35, no. 2 (April 2001): 469–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x01002074.

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The movement to create a phonetic script for the Chinese language was arguably one of the most arresting and exciting engagements in modern China. While generations of Chinese intellectuals tirelessly applied themselves to sorting out the linguistic technicalities in devising a Chinese phonetic system, what made language reform—or, depending on the perspective taken, revolution—historically so intriguing was that it had been a fiercely contested domain where a fascinating array of ideological positions was staked and contended. As John de Francis has observed, there had always been ‘a significant correlation between attitudes toward social change and attitudes toward linguistic reform in China’. Indeed, Qian Xuantong insisted at the height of the May Fourth New Culture Movement that to destroy Confucianism, one must ‘first dispose of the Chinese language’, whereas the Communist-led latinization movement of the 1930s, for its part, was meant to create a medium for the emergence of a true proletarian culture.

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Hua, Shiping. "Shen Jiaben and the Late Qing Legal Reform (1901–1911)." East Asia 30, no. 2 (June 2013): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12140-013-9193-8.

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Lee, Theresa Man Ling. "Local Self-Government in Late Qing: Political Discourse and Moral Reform." Review of Politics 60, no. 1 (1998): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500043928.

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This article is a study of the concept of local self-government (difang zizht) in the context of reform efforts from 1898 to 1911. Of the institutional changes proposed, local self-government rapidly gained much support among China's educated elites. The author explores the reasons behind much enthusiasm for self-government institutions by analyzing the works of two key reformists, Kang Youwei (1858–1927) and Liang Qichao (1873–1929). While the reformist approach to local government indicated the continuing influence of thefengjian(feudal) tradition on the one hand, and the reformist notion of citizenship was suggestive of the Neo-Confucian conception of self-cultivation on the other, the article argues that the reformist thought on local self-government represents an important step in moving China beyond an imperial political order.

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Judge, Joan. "The Factional Function of Print: Liang Qichao, Shibao, and the Fissures in the Late Qing Reform Movement." Late Imperial China 16, no. 1 (1995): 120–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/late.1995.0006.

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Strauss, Julia C. "Creating ‘Virtuous and Talented’ Officials for the Twentieth Century: Discourse and Practice in Xinzheng China." Modern Asian Studies 37, no. 4 (October 2003): 831–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x03004049.

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‘It must be considered that there is nothing more difficult to carry out, nor more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to handle, than to initiate a new order of things.’ Machiavelli, The PrinceCentral Xinzheng Reform and the Twentieth-Century Chinese StateThe effort of the Qing dynasty to transform itself and forge a new set of relationships with society in its last decade has been one of the less explored areas in the scholarship on modern China. Although this set of radical initiatives, collectively known as the xinzheng (‘New Policy’) reforms attracted a good deal of commentary from its contemporaries, until recently it has been relatively understudied. There are two reasons for this neglect. First, conventional periodization has divided historical turf between Qing historians (for the Qing dynasty 1644–1911), Republican historians (for the period between 1911 and 1949 ) and political scientists (who cover 1949 to the present). Second, since the dramatic narrative for the first three-quarters of the twentieth century has been largely understood as a process of ever more radical forms of revolutionary change, scholars have understandably been more taken with exploring the antecedents of revolution and/or locally based studies of elite transformation than they have been with exploring a case of seemingly bona fide failure.The central government-initiated xinzheng reform period (1902–1911) has thus borne the full brunt of a Whiggish interpretation of history; too late to command the attention of most Qing historians, too early for the majority of Republican historians, at best a prologue for the real revolution to come, and at worst an abortive failure.

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杨, 亮军. "The Path Selection of Political Modernization and Its Historical Enlightenment in Late Qing Dynasty—The Case of Constitutional Reform in the Late Qing." Open Journal of Historical Studies 02, no. 04 (2014): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ojhs.2014.24007.

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Chang, Adam. "Reappraising Zhang Zhidong: Forgotten Continuities During China’s Self-Strengthening, 1884-1901." Journal of Chinese Military History 6, no. 2 (November 10, 2017): 157–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22127453-12341316.

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Abstract The recent historiography of China’s late nineteenth-century Self-Strengthening movement emphasizes the successes in Chinese state building. My research expands upon this trend through the perspective of the prominent governor-general Zhang Zhidong 張之洞 (1837-1909) and his military reforms. From 1884 to 1901, Zhang consistently pursued the creation of new military academies and western-style armies with the aim of providing an army capable of defending China. At the turn of the century, Zhang’s military apparatus was arguably one of the best in China. However, his role as a military pioneer of this era was often obscured by the wider narratives of Chinese reforms or subsumed under the reforms of more notorious officials such as Li Hongzhang or Yuan Shikai. Ultimately, the study of Zhang Zhidong’s reforms reveals an often-missed continuity in successful military reform starting in the 1880s and contributes to the developing historical narratives of successful late Qing state building.

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Fitzgerald, John, and Joan Judge. "Print and Politics: "Shibao" and the Culture of Reform in Late Qing China." American Historical Review 103, no. 4 (October 1998): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2651303.

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Link, Perry, and Joan Judge. "Print and Politics: 'Shibao' and the Culture of Reform in Late Qing China." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 58, no. 2 (December 1998): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2652674.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Late Qing Reform"

1

Koong, Sze-ton Timothy, and 孔士敦. "Young John Allen and the late Qing reform, 1860-1907." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31949939.

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Seto, Mei-han, and 司徒美嫻. "Yung Wing (1828-1912) and the late Qing reform movement." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952306.

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Seto, Mei-han. "Yung Wing (1828-1912) and the late Qing reform movement Rong Hong yu wan Qing wei xin yun dong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31952306.

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He, Jiani. "From Empire to Nation : the politics of language in Manchuria (1890-1911)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/278975.

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This thesis explores the issues of language and power in the Qing Empire’s (1644-1911) northeastern borderlands within the larger context of political reforms in late Qing China between 1890 and 1911. To the present, much research on the history of language in late Qing China continues to fall within the framework of national language. Drawing on Manchu and Chinese sources, this thesis argues that the Qing emperors devised a multilingual regime to recreate the imperial polyglot reality and to rule a purposefully diverse but unifying empire. From the seventeenth century, the Qing emperors maintained the special Manchu-Mongol relations by adopting Manchu and Mongolian as the two official languages, restricting the influence of Chinese, and promoting Tibetan in a religious context in the Jirim League. From the 1890s, the Jirim League witnessed a language contest between Manchu, Mongol, Chinese, Japanese and Russian powers which strove to legitimize and maintain their control over the Jirim Mongols. Under the influence of European and Japanese language ideologies, the Qing Empire fostered the learning of Chinese in order to recreate the Jirim Mongols as modern nationals in an integrated China under a constitutional monarchy. Meanwhile, the Qing Empire preserved Manchu and Mongolian, which demonstrated the Manchu characteristic of the constitutional monarchy in a wave of Chinese nationalism. However, the revised language regime undermined the Jirim Mongols’ power and challenged their special position in the traditional Manchu-Mongol relations, which caused disunity and disorder in the borderlands. This thesis challenges the notion of language reform as a linear progress towards Chinese national monolingualism. It demonstrates the political and ritual role of Manchu and Mongolian beyond their communicative and documentary functions, and unfolds the power of language pluralism in Chinese nationalist discourse from a non-Chinese and peripheral perspective. By investigating how ethnic, national, and imperialist powers interacted with one another, this thesis allows us to understand the integration of Manchuria into modern China, East Asia, and the world from a different perspective.

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Whitefield, Douglas Brent. "The Christian Literature Society for China : the role of its publications, personalities and theology in late-Qing reform movements." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272308.

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Liu, Jinyi. "Zhang Yuan (1885-1919): Constructing a Public Garden in Cosmopolitan Shanghai." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1493889997657783.

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Wang, Dongqing, and 王冬青. "Negotiating Chinese modernity: British imperialism and the late Qing reforms." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50662296.

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This thesis offers a critical analysis of the intellectual and institutional transformations in late Qing China. The Western invasion of China in the second half of the nineteenth century contributed to the making of modern China. Focusing on the late Qing reforms in the fields of law, public rituals, education, and economy, this thesis investigates China’s efforts and strategies to negotiate with British imperialism in its search for modernity. Situating the late Qing reforms in a semicolonial context, it questions the established view that Chinese modernity is either a mimicked version of Euro-American modernity or an instance of “colonial modernity.” With special reference to the British imperialist practices in China, the thesis seeks to show how the diffused and fragmented presence of Western imperialism produced a distinctive form of semicolonial modernity, and how it allowed China to recognize the West both as a source of oppression and as an instrument of resistance. The thesis is conceptually organized. Each chapter focuses on a major aspect of the late Qing reforms and investigates a specific institutional change. The thesis not only shows how semicolonialism helped produce Western knowledge about legal liberty, social equality, scientific inquiry, and corporate capital, but also provides a critical analysis of semicolonial institutions, such as modern colleges, state-sponsored enterprises, and extraterritorial courts, in which alternative models of social governance could be envisioned, compared, and practiced. Chapter 1 investigates the Lady Hughes dispute and explores the connections between the British discourse on legal liberty and the creation of judicial extraterritoriality in China. It argues that British legal liberalism and Qing legal pluralism failed to understand each other but they collaborated to establish British extraterritoriality in China. Chapter 2 examines how the British critique of koutou produced a revolutionary discourse on human dignity and social equality in China. It shows how the Chinese reformers accepted the Orientalist interpretations of koutou and discusses the role of Orientalism in the formation of Chinese modernity. Chapter 3 explores the historical continuity between British liberal education and the rise of scientific education in late Qing China. Focusing on the role of the Western Protestant missionaries in the curricular reforms and the abolition of the imperial civil service examinations, it shows how the idea of liberal education challenged Confucian meritocracy and helped create the modern Chinese subject. In reference to Zheng Guanying and the state-sponsored enterprises, Chapter 4 investigates the role of corporate capital and comprador entrepreneurs in the creation of the modern Chinese state. It demonstrates that the joint-stock corporation allowed the self-reforming Qing government to collaborate with and make use of private capital. Finally, tracing the historical legacy of the late Qing reforms, the thesis attempts to show that Chinese modernity is an unfinished project that compels us to examine its semicolonial origins.
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8

Yee, Ki Yip. "The late Qing Xinzheng (new policies) reforms in Mongolia, 1901-1911." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2017. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/26678/.

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Asbell, Andrea. "The foundation for revolution : educational reforms in late Chʻing China." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4125.

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Historical consensus has labeled the educational reform efforts of China's scholar-officials in the second half of the nineteenth century as merely reactions to external circumstances and therefore has concluded that these reforms were "failures". The youthful revolt against Chinese cultural traditions, which culminated in the May Fourth Movement of 1919, has frequently been cited as a clear demonstration that previous educational reforms had failed. However, when viewed as the intellectual phase of the revolutionary process, reform activities among members of China's bureaucratic and scholarly elite in the four and one half decades from the 1860s to the early 1900s can be seen as limited, but definite, successes, initiated from within the traditional society and assisted by the introduction of Western secular knowledge by Protestant missionaries.

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Duan, Lei. "Intellectuals and Local Reforms in Late Qing Wuxi: 1897-1904." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/603.

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This research examines the intellectuals’ reform activities in local society at the turn of twentieth century. Focusing on Wuxi, a city in south China, this study seeks to shed light on two major issues. First, it studies the reform activities in the areas of education and print media in such a transformative era. I come to argue that differences existed between reforms at a national level and the circumstances in local society. These reformers in Wuxi provided the common people more choices besides Chinese learning, rather than following the ti-yong formula. They connected their reform proposals with the common people. Second, this study scrutinizes the complexity of their local endeavors. The most profound challenge these reformers encountered, I argue, was whether they could compete in the urban space, which had become a site of conflict and contestation.

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Books on the topic "Late Qing Reform"

1

Cohen, Paul A. Between tradition and modernity: Wang Tʻao and reform in late Chʻing China. Cambridge, Mass: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1987.

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2

Judge, Joan. Print and politics: 'Shibao' and the culture of reform in late Qing China. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1996.

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1956-, Zheng Dahua, Huang Xingtao, Zou Xiaozhan 1967-, and Zhongguo she hui ke xue yuan. Si xiang shi yan jiu shi, eds. Wu xu bian fa yu wan Qing si xiang wen hua zhuan xing: The reform movement of 1898 and the transformation of thought and culture in the late Qing dynasty. Beijing Shi: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 2010.

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Qing mo li xian gai ge ji shi: Old dynasty and new system : a history of constitutional reform in late Ch'ing, 1901-1911. Beijing: Fa lü chu ban she, 2010.

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5

E, Karl Rebecca, ed. Rethinking the 1898 reform period: Political and cultural change in late Qing China. Cambridge, Mass: Published by the Harvard University Asia Center, 2002.

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Cohen, Paul A. Between Tradition and Modernity: Wang T'ao and Reform in Late Ch'ing China (Harvard East Asian Monographs). Harvard University Asia Center, 1988.

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Politics, Poetics, and Gender in Late Qing China: Xue Shaohui and the Era of Reform. Stanford University Press, 2015.

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Hon, Tze-ki, Ying Hu, Timothy Weston, Seungjoo Yoon, Xiaobing Tang, Joan Judge, and Richard Belsky. Rethinking the 1898 Reform Period: Political and Cultural Change in Late Qing China (Harvard East Asian Monographs). Harvard University Asia Center, 2002.

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9

Print and Politics: `Shibao' and the Culture of Reform in Late Qing China (Studies of the Weatherhead East Asian In). Stanford University Press, 1997.

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10

Reynolds, Douglas R. China, 1895-1912: State-Sponsored Reforms and China's Late-Qing Revolution : Selected Essays from Zhongguo Jindai Shi (Modern Chinese History, 1840-1919) (Special Studies in Chinese History). M.E. Sharpe, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Late Qing Reform"

1

Hua, Shiping. "The late Qing constitutional reform." In Chinese Legal Culture and Constitutional Order, 29–45. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in Asian law: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429203688-4.

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2

Chiasson, Blaine. "Late-Qing Adaptive Frontier Administrative Reform in Manchuria, 1900–1911." In Transcultural Research – Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context, 161–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02048-8_10.

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Perez-Garcia, Manuel. "The Mandate of Heaven, the Rule of the Emperor: Self-Sufficiency of the Middle Kingdom." In Palgrave Studies in Comparative Global History, 69–121. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7865-6_3.

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Abstract This chapter pays special attention to the analysis of the state administrative capacity of late Ming and Qing China by exploring the reforms introduced from the late sixteenth century up to 1796 regarding tax collection. Institutional constraints will be further explored through the rooted mandarinate system and despotic rule of the emperor and officials who fostered the multiplication of institutions, mainly during the expansion to western provinces throughout the Qing dynasty

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"Late-Qing Government Gazettes and Serial Compilations." In China’s Local Councils in the Age of Constitutional Reform, 1898–1911, 163–70. BRILL, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9781684173013_010.

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"8. Curricular Reform: From Qing to the Taipings." In Civil Examinations and Meritocracy in Late Imperial China, 280–322. Harvard University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674726048.c11.

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"‘Slavery,’ Citizenship, and Gender in Late Qing China’s Global Context." In Rethinking the 1898 Reform Period, 212–44. BRILL, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9781684173747_010.

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"The Winds of Progress: The Late Qing Urban Reform Agenda." In Civilizing Chengdu, 111–49. BRILL, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9781684173365_006.

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"Part Two. Revitalizing the Xianyuan Tradition in the Late Qing Reform Era (1897–1911)." In Politics, Poetics, and Gender in Late Qing China, 121–260. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780804794275-006.

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Dean, Austin. "Provincial Silver Coins and the Fragmenting Chinese Monetary System, 1887–1900." In China and the End of Global Silver, 1873-1937, 43–62. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752407.003.0004.

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This chapter mentions Qing officials in the 1880s who believed the influx of foreign silver coins was a negative development that had to be opposed as it represented a violation of the dynasty's economic rights. It argues that strengthening the dynasty with more revenue was not the same as creating a unified national monetary system, which was an emerging goal for figures in the late Qing. It also introduces and analyzes disagreements within China about how to reform the coinage and monetary system in the context of political decentralization, including the role of silver. The chapter focuses on the intellectual and economic impetus to mint coins, as well as the problems of mint administration. It examines the tension between the power of provincial officials and the Qing central government, which acted as a constraint on the currency reform and state-building activities of the dynasty.

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Dean, Austin. "A Primer on the Qing Dynasty Monetary System." In China and the End of Global Silver, 1873-1937, 9–20. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752407.003.0002.

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This chapter highlights the relationship between copper and silver and stresses the decentralized nature of Qing dynasty monetary institutions and practices in the middle of the nineteenth century. It introduces how and why monetary arrangements began to be questioned in the late Qing. It also explains the contours of the currency, credit, and payment ecosystem in the middle of the nineteenth century in order to understand debates and conflicts about Chinese monetary reform from the 1870s to the 1930s. The chapter describes the Chinese currency system that is filled with different “ghost money” units of account, copper coins of varying quality, silver in the form of ingots and coins from Latin America, and notes from various financial institutions. It talks about the decentralized nature of the Qing monetary system that presented political and institutional challenges.

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Conference papers on the topic "Late Qing Reform"

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Zuo, Baoxia. "Research on the Translation Theories and Practice of Reform Scholars in the Late Qing Dynasty." In 4th International Conference on Management Science, Education Technology, Arts, Social Science and Economics 2016. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/msetasse-16.2016.165.

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Yan, Huihui. "Three Dimensions of Research on "The Reformer China" of Macao in the Late Qing Dynasty." In Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Innovation and Education, Law and Social Sciences (IELSS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ielss-19.2019.14.

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