Journal articles: 'Latent concepts'

1

Dodd, Claire E., and Larry S. Schlesinger. "New concepts in understanding latent tuberculosis." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 30, no. 3 (2017): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000000367.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Mastora, Anna, Manolis Peponakis, and Sarantos Kapidakis. "SKOS concepts and natural language concepts: An analysis of latent relationships in KOSs." Journal of Information Science 43, no. 4 (2016): 492–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551516648108.

Full text

Abstract:

The vehicle to represent Knowledge Organisation Systems (KOSs) in the environment of the Semantic Web and linked data is the Simple Knowledge Organisation System (SKOS). SKOS provides a way to assign a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) to each concept, and this URI functions as a surrogate for the concept. This fact makes of main concern the need to clarify the URIs’ ontological meaning. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the ontological substance of KOS concepts and concepts revealed through the grammatical and syntactic formalisms of natural language. For this purpose, we examined the dividableness of concepts in specific KOSs (i.e. a thesaurus, a subject headings system and a classification scheme) by applying Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques (i.e. morphosyntactic analysis) to the lexical representations (i.e. RDF literals) of SKOS concepts. The results of the comparative analysis reveal that, despite the use of multi-word units, thesauri tend to represent concepts in a way that can hardly be further divided conceptually, while subject headings and classification schemes – to a certain extent – comprise terms that can be decomposed into more conceptual constituents. Consequently, SKOS concepts deriving from thesauri are more likely to represent atomic conceptual units and thus be more appropriate tools for inference and reasoning. Since identifiers represent the meaning of a concept, complex concepts are neither the most appropriate nor the most efficient way of modelling a KOS for the Semantic Web.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Salgame, Padmini, Carolina Geadas, Lauren Collins, Edward Jones-López, and Jerrold J. Ellner. "Latent tuberculosis infection – Revisiting and revising concepts." Tuberculosis 95, no. 4 (2015): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tube.2015.04.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

ASEERVATHAM, SUJEEVAN. "A CONCEPT VECTOR SPACE MODEL FOR SEMANTIC KERNELS." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 18, no. 02 (2009): 239–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213009000123.

Full text

Abstract:

Kernels are widely used in Natural Language Processing as similarity measures within inner-product based learning methods like the Support Vector Machine. The Vector Space Model (VSM) is extensively used for the spatial representation of the documents. However, it is purely a statistical representation. In this paper, we present a Concept Vector Space Model (CVSM) representation which uses linguistic prior knowledge to capture the meanings of the documents. We also propose a linear kernel and a latent kernel for this space. The linear kernel takes advantage of the linguistic concepts whereas the latent kernel combines statistical and linguistic concepts. Indeed, the latter kernel uses latent concepts extracted by the Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) in the CVSM. The kernels were evaluated on a text categorization task in the biomedical domain. The Ohsumed corpus, well known for being difficult to categorize, was used. The results have shown that the CVSM improves performance compared to the VSM.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Goertz, Gary, and James Mahoney. "Concepts and measurement: Ontology and epistemology." Social Science Information 51, no. 2 (2012): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018412437108.

Full text

Abstract:

This article discusses some ontological and epistemological differences in qualitative and quantitative approaches to concepts and measurement. Concept formation inevitably raises the issue of ontology because it involves specifying what is inherent and important in the empirical phenomenon represented by a concept, e.g. ‘What is democracy?’ Qualitative researchers adopt a semantic approach and work hard to identify the intrinsic necessary defining attributes of a concept. Quantitative scholars adopt an indicator-latent variable approach and seek to identify good indicators that are caused by the latent variable. Concepts and measurement also raise epistemological issues about the nature and quality of knowledge. In quantitative analyses, the challenges of knowledge generation are closely linked to ‘error’, understood as the difference between an estimated value and a true value. By contrast, in qualitative analyses the challenges of knowledge generation are more closely linked to ‘fuzziness’, understood as partial membership in a conceptual set.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Scalas, L. Francesca, Herbert W. Marsh, Benjamin Nagengast, and Alexandre J. S. Morin. "Latent-Variable Approaches to the Jamesian Model of Importance-Weighted Averages." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 39, no. 1 (2012): 100–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167212465321.

Full text

Abstract:

The individually importance-weighted average (IIWA) model posits that the contribution of specific areas of self-concept to global self-esteem varies systematically with the individual importance placed on each specific component. Although intuitively appealing, this model has weak empirical support; thus, within the framework of a substantive-methodological synergy, we propose a multiple-item latent approach to the IIWA model as applied to a range of self-concept domains (physical, academic, spiritual self-concepts) and subdomains (appearance, math, verbal self-concepts) in young adolescents from two countries. Tests considering simultaneously the effects of self-concept domains on trait self-esteem did not support the IIWA model. On the contrary, support for a normative group importance model was found, in which importance varied as a function of domains but not individuals. Individuals differentially weight the various components of self-concept; however, the weights are largely determined by normative processes, so that little additional information is gained from individual weightings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Olmos, Ricardo, Guillermo Jorge-Botana, José Antonio León, and Inmaculada Escudero. "Transforming Selected Concepts Into Dimensions in Latent Semantic Analysis." Discourse Processes 51, no. 5-6 (2014): 494–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0163853x.2014.913416.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Bae, Soo Hyun, and Biing-Hwang Juang. "IPSILON: Incremental Parsing for Semantic Indexing of Latent Concepts." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 19, no. 7 (2010): 1933–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2010.2045019.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Roy, Sudeshna, Meghana Madhyastha, Sheril Lawrence, and Vaibhav Rajan. "Inferring Concept Prerequisite Relations from Online Educational Resources." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 9589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019589.

Full text

Abstract:

The Internet has rich and rapidly increasing sources of high quality educational content. Inferring prerequisite relations between educational concepts is required for modern large-scale online educational technology applications such as personalized recommendations and automatic curriculum creation. We present PREREQ, a new supervised learning method for inferring concept prerequisite relations. PREREQ is designed using latent representations of concepts obtained from the Pairwise Latent Dirichlet Allocation model, and a neural network based on the Siamese network architecture. PREREQ can learn unknown concept prerequisites from course prerequisites and labeled concept prerequisite data. It outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on benchmark datasets and can effectively learn from very less training data. PREREQ can also use unlabeled video playlists, a steadily growing source of training data, to learn concept prerequisites, thus obviating the need for manual annotation of course prerequisites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Zepf, Siegfried, and Dietmar Seel. "Concerning the latent content of psychoanalytic concepts: Some con-jectures." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 2 (2021): 537–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.82.9746.

Full text

Abstract:

Many psychoanalysts understand their concepts as metaphors, yet they do not question what is expressed metaphorically in these concepts. Based on the view that the real cognitive subject is society and the cognizing individual is their individual existence, the authors show by means of some of these concepts that such metaphors are mystified expressions of the socially unconscious as described by Marx & Engels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Urkalan, Kodaikkaavirinaadan, and Geetha T. V. "Concept Map Information Content Enhancement Using Joint Word Embedding and Latent Document Structure." International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 16, no. 4 (2020): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijswis.2020100103.

Full text

Abstract:

The concept map (CM) can be enhanced by extracting precise propositions, representing compactly, adding useful features that increase the information content (IC). To enhance the IC with domain knowledge of the document, an automatic enhanced CM generation using word embedding based concept and relation representation along with organization using latent semantic structure is proposed. To improve the concept significance, precise identification of similar items, clustering topically associated concepts, and hierarchical clustering of semantically related concepts are carried out. This augments the IC of the CM with additional information and generates CM with concise and informative content. The joint word embedding based on various contexts is utilized to determine distributional features critical for these enhancements. Summarization of the ECM to visualize the document summary is used to illustrate its resourcefulness. The work is evaluated using ACL anthology, Genia, and CRAFT dataset, and the information gain is approximately three times more in comparison with general CM.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Kellstedt, Paul, Gregory E. McAvoy, and James A. Stimson. "Dynamic Analysis with Latent Constructs." Political Analysis 5 (1993): 113–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/5.1.113.

Full text

Abstract:

Political scientists generally derive their quantitative methodologies from two disparate traditions: econometric or psychometric. The psychometric tradition has made a lasting impact on political analysis through attention to issues of measurement. Measurement issues are particularly troublesome to political scientists because many interesting concepts are either latent or multidimensional. On the other hand, the econometric tradition has provided political scientists with a means of coping with macrolevel phenomena. In studying macrophenomena, the problem of few cases (there is only one American economy, for example) is handled by using longitudinal analysis. Econometrics provided tools for coping with challenges that longitudinal analysis posed for regression analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Zhu, Ming, Busra Celikkaya, Parminder Bhatia, and Chandan K. Reddy. "LATTE: Latent Type Modeling for Biomedical Entity Linking." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 05 (2020): 9757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i05.6526.

Full text

Abstract:

Entity linking is the task of linking mentions of named entities in natural language text, to entities in a curated knowledge-base. This is of significant importance in the biomedical domain, where it could be used to semantically annotate a large volume of clinical records and biomedical literature, to standardized concepts described in an ontology such as Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). We observe that with precise type information, entity disambiguation becomes a straightforward task. However, fine-grained type information is usually not available in biomedical domain. Thus, we propose LATTE, a LATent Type Entity Linking model, that improves entity linking by modeling the latent fine-grained type information about mentions and entities. Unlike previous methods that perform entity linking directly between the mentions and the entities, LATTE jointly does entity disambiguation, and latent fine-grained type learning, without direct supervision. We evaluate our model on two biomedical datasets: MedMentions, a large scale public dataset annotated with UMLS concepts, and a de-identified corpus of dictated doctor's notes that has been annotated with ICD concepts. Extensive experimental evaluation shows our model achieves significant performance improvements over several state-of-the-art techniques.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Lawn, Stephen D., Robin Wood, and Robert J. Wilkinson. "Changing Concepts of “Latent Tuberculosis Infection” in Patients Living with HIV Infection." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/980594.

Full text

Abstract:

One third of the world’s population is estimated to be infected withMycobacterium tuberculosis, representing a huge reservoir of potential tuberculosis (TB) disease. Risk of progression to active TB is highest in those with HIV coinfection. However, the nature of the host-pathogen relationship in those with “latent TB infection” and how this is affected by HIV coinfection are poorly understood. The traditional paradigm that distinguishes latent infection from active TB as distinct compartmentalised states is overly simplistic. Instead the host-pathogen relationship in “latent TB infection” is likely to represent a spectrum of immune responses, mycobacterial metabolic activity, and bacillary numbers. We propose that the impact of HIV infection might better be conceptualised as a shift of the spectrum towards poor immune control, higher mycobacterial metabolic activity, and greater organism load, with subsequent increased risk of progression to active disease. Here we discuss the evidence for such a model and the implications for interventions to control the HIV-associated TB epidemic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Kubricht, James R., Alberto Santamaria-Pang, Chinmaya Devaraj, Aritra Chowdhury, and Peter Tu. "Emergent Languages from Pretrained Embeddings Characterize Latent Concepts in Dynamic Imagery." International Journal of Semantic Computing 14, no. 03 (2020): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x20400140.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent unsupervised learning approaches have explored the feasibility of semantic analysis and interpretation of imagery using Emergent Language (EL) models. As EL requires some form of numerical embedding as input, it remains unclear which type is required in order for the EL to properly capture key semantic concepts associated with a given domain. In this paper, we compare unsupervised and supervised approaches for generating embeddings across two experiments. In Experiment 1, data are produced using a single-agent simulator. In each episode, a goal-driven agent attempts to accomplish a number of tasks in a synthetic cityscape environment which includes houses, banks, theaters and restaurants. In Experiment 2, a comparatively smaller dataset is produced where one or more objects demonstrate various types of physical motion in a 3D simulator environment. We investigate whether EL models generated from embeddings of raw pixel data produce expressions that capture key latent concepts (i.e. an agent’s motivations or physical motion types) in each environment. Our initial experiments show that the supervised learning approaches yield embeddings and EL descriptions that capture meaningful concepts from raw pixel inputs. Alternatively, embeddings from an unsupervised learning approach result in greater ambiguity with respect to latent concepts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Halim, Anis Diyana, Wai Yoke Wong, Fatin Aliah Phang, et al. "Comparing Multi Modal Representations of Latent Heat Concepts Among Physics Teachers." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 1 (2018): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.11905.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Nakamura, Tomoaki, Takaya Araki, Takayuki Nagai, and Naoto Iwahashi. "Grounding of Word Meanings in Latent Dirichlet Allocation-Based Multimodal Concepts." Advanced Robotics 25, no. 17 (2011): 2189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/016918611x595035.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Zhang, Jing, Da Li, Weiwei Hu, Zhihua Chen, and Yubo Yuan. "Multilabel Image Annotation Based on Double-Layer PLSA Model." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/494387.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to the semantic gap between visual features and semantic concepts, automatic image annotation has become a difficult issue in computer vision recently. We propose a new image multilabel annotation method based on double-layer probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA) in this paper. The new double-layer PLSA model is constructed to bridge the low-level visual features and high-level semantic concepts of images for effective image understanding. The low-level features of images are represented as visual words by Bag-of-Words model; latent semantic topics are obtained by the first layer PLSA from two aspects of visual and texture, respectively. Furthermore, we adopt the second layer PLSA to fuse the visual and texture latent semantic topics and achieve a top-layer latent semantic topic. By the double-layer PLSA, the relationships between visual features and semantic concepts of images are established, and we can predict the labels of new images by their low-level features. Experimental results demonstrate that our automatic image annotation model based on double-layer PLSA can achieve promising performance for labeling and outperform previous methods on standard Corel dataset.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Grigorenko, Elena L., P. Wenzel Geissler, Ruth Prince, et al. "The organisation of Luo conceptions of intelligence: A study of implicit theories in a Kenyan village." International Journal of Behavioral Development 25, no. 4 (2001): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250042000348.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines the organisation of concepts of intelligence among the Luo people in rural Kenya. In particular, it discusses what the components of these concepts are; how these components are expressed in the DhoLuo language, how they are interrelated, how they are used in judgements of other people, and how these components of Luo conceptions of intelligence are related to Western conceptions of intelligence. Peer, teacher, and adult in the community ratings of children on Luo components of intelligence are correlated with performance on conventional ability tests and with school achievement. The Luo concept of intelligence is primarily expressed in the DhoLuo vocabulary by four concepts (rieko, luoro, paro, and winjo), which appear to form two latent structures, social-emotional competence and cognitive competence. Indicators of only one of these concepts (rieko) and only one latent structure (cognitive competence) correlate with scores on conventional Western cognitive ability tests and with school achievement in English and mathematics. The article also presents a novel method for analysing data from people’s ratings of each other’s intelligence that is useful when not every one who is providing the ratings knows everyone who is to be rated, and when Likert rating scales are inapplicable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Ekinci, Ekin, and Sevinç İlhan Omurca. "Concept-LDA: Incorporating Babelfy into LDA for aspect extraction." Journal of Information Science 46, no. 3 (2019): 406–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551519845854.

Full text

Abstract:

Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is one of the probabilistic topic models; it discovers the latent topic structure in a document collection. The basic assumption under LDA is that documents are viewed as a probabilistic mixture of latent topics; a topic has a probability distribution over words and each document is modelled on the basis of a bag-of-words model. The topic models such as LDA are sufficient in learning hidden topics but they do not take into account the deeper semantic knowledge of a document. In this article, we propose a novel method based on topic modelling to determine the latent aspects of online review documents. In the proposed model, which is called Concept-LDA, the feature space of reviews is enriched with the concepts and named entities, which are extracted from Babelfy to obtain topics that contain not only co-occurred words but also semantically related words. The performance in terms of topic coherence and topic quality is reported over 10 publicly available datasets, and it is demonstrated that Concept-LDA achieves better topic representations than an LDA model alone, as measured by topic coherence and F-measure. The learned topic representation by Concept-LDA leads to accurate and an easy aspect extraction task in an aspect-based sentiment analysis system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Frazzica, Andrea, Valeria Palomba, Davide La Rosa, and Vincenza Brancato. "Experimental comparison of two heat exchanger concepts for latent heat storage applications." Energy Procedia 135 (October 2017): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.501.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Franciosi, P. "The concepts of latent hardening and strain hardening in metallic single crystals." Acta Metallurgica 33, no. 9 (1985): 1601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(85)90154-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Liu, Hanxiao, Wanli Ma, Yiming Yang, and Jaime Carbonell. "Learning Concept Graphs from Online Educational Data." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 55 (April 24, 2016): 1059–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.5002.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper addresses an open challenge in educational data mining, i.e., the problem of automatically mapping online courses from different providers (universities, MOOCs, etc.) onto a universal space of concepts, and predicting latent prerequisite dependencies (directed links) among both concepts and courses. We propose a novel approach for inference within and across course-level and concept-level directed graphs. In the training phase, our system projects partially observed course-level prerequisite links onto directed concept-level links; in the testing phase, the induced concept-level links are used to infer the unknown course-level prerequisite links. Whereas courses may be specific to one institution, concepts are shared across different providers. The bi-directional mappings enable our system to perform interlingua-style transfer learning, e.g. treating the concept graph as the interlingua and transferring the prerequisite relations across universities via the interlingua. Experiments on our newly collected datasets of courses from MIT, Caltech, Princeton and CMU show promising results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Fariss, Christopher J., and James Lo. "Innovations in concepts and measurement for the study of peace and conflict." Journal of Peace Research 57, no. 6 (2020): 669–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343320975200.

Full text

Abstract:

The observation, measurement, and analysis of violent and contentious processes are essential parts of the scientific study of peace and conflict. However, concepts such as the level of repression, the number of individuals killed during a civil war, or the perception of members of an out-group, are often by definition difficult to observe directly. This is because governments, non-state groups, NGOs, international organizations, monitoring organizations, and other actors are not incentivized to make information about their actions systematically observable to analysts. In this context, latent variable models can play a valuable role by aggregating various behavioral indicators and signals together to help measure latent concepts of interest that would not otherwise be directly observable. Each of the articles in this special issue uses some form of a latent variable model or related measurement model to bring together observable pieces of information and estimate a set of values for the underlying theoretical concept of interest. Each of the articles pays special attention to the processes that make the observation of peace and conflict processes so challenging. As we highlight throughout this introductory article, the unifying framework we present in this special issue is validation. Though the substantive content of each of the articles in this special issue varies, they represent the diversity of substantive interests that span the study of peace and conflict, broadly conceived. Overall, we hope that the special issue becomes a standard reference for scholars interested in developing and validating new measurement models for the study of peace and conflict.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Gregorius, Hans-Rolf. "Model-based analysis of latent factors." Web Ecology 18, no. 2 (2018): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-18-153-2018.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The detection of community or population structure through analysis of explicit cause–effect modeling of given observations has received considerable attention. The complexity of the task is mirrored by the large number of existing approaches and methods, the applicability of which heavily depends on the design of efficient algorithms of data analysis. It is occasionally even difficult to disentangle concepts and algorithms. To add more clarity to this situation, the present paper focuses on elaborating the system analytic framework that probably encompasses most of the common concepts and approaches by classifying them as model-based analyses of latent factors. Problems concerning the efficiency of algorithms are not of primary concern here. In essence, the framework suggests an input–output model system in which the inputs are provided as latent model parameters and the output is specified by the observations. There are two types of model involved, one of which organizes the inputs by assigning combinations of potentially interacting factor levels to each observed object, while the other specifies the mechanisms by which these combinations are processed to yield the observations. It is demonstrated briefly how some of the most popular methods (Structure, BAPS, Geneland) fit into the framework and how they differ conceptually from each other. Attention is drawn to the need to formulate and assess qualification criteria by which the validity of the model can be judged. One probably indispensable criterion concerns the cause–effect character of the model-based approach and suggests that measures of association between assignments of factor levels and observations be considered together with maximization of their likelihoods (or posterior probabilities). In particular the likelihood criterion is difficult to realize with commonly used estimates based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. Generally applicable MCMC-based alternatives that allow for approximate employment of the primary qualification criterion and the implied model validation including further descriptors of model characteristics are suggested.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Tasci, Guntay, and Halil Yurdugul. "BIOLOGY TEACHING THROUGH SELF-REGULATED LEARNING AND COGNITIVE STRUCTURE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF LEARNING STRATEGIES FOR COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT VIA LATENT GROWTH MODEL." Journal of Baltic Science Education 16, no. 1 (2017): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/17.16.20.

Full text

Abstract:

This research applied the learning strategies to predict in an effect longitudinal growth of cognitive structure of students in biology. The aim of the research is to assess the effect of activating learning strategies on cognitive structures regarding biology. The research was conducted by using control group design. The sample of research was composed of 60 prospective teachers randomly assigned to the experimental and the control groups. The longitudinal data were collected every 2 weeks and 4 times in total considering the concept maps. The data were quantitatively analysed in terms of the number of concepts, connections and central concepts. Latent growth modelling (LGM) was used to analyse change in cognitive structure over time. The findings suggested that the experimental group did better in cognitive structure than the control group in terms of forming connections and central concepts. Accordingly, teaching students self-regulated learning strategies and providing support in the written material to activate the strategies influence the development of cognitive structure in a positive way in terms of the extent and the integration. Therefore, activation of the use of self-regulated learning strategies in the teaching are thought to contribute to the learning of biology. Key words: biology education, cognitive structure, self-regulated learning, latent growth modelling.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Ficko, Andrej. "Private Forest Owners’ Social Economic Profiles Weakly Influence Forest Management Conceptualizations." Forests 10, no. 11 (2019): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10110956.

Full text

Abstract:

Although several private forest owner studies have dealt with how private forest owners understand forest management, little is known about the determinants of specific forest management concepts. The study expands previous latent variable models of the perception of forest management by European private forest owners by looking at how age, income, education, annual cut, and holding size and type influence specific understandings of forest management. We applied a multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) structural equation model on a representative sample of 754 private forest owners from Slovenia. The MIMIC model confirmed the influence of six covariates on three concepts of forest management: the maintenance concept, the ecosystem-centered concept, and the economics-centered concept. The strongest determinants of perception were education and holding type. The maintenance concept was predominantly associated with less educated older full-time or part-time farmers working on smaller family farms and doing regular cuts. The perception of forest management as an economics-centered activity increased with increased education and dependence on income from intensive cuts. The ecosystem-centered concept was most strongly associated with younger, better-educated owners with smaller holdings and, surprisingly, not to non-farmers but to small-scale family farmers. However, the proportion of the variance of latent variables explained by the six covariates was low, ranging from 2.4% to 5.1%. Taking into account the influence of education and holding type on private forest owners’ perception of forest management, by increasing the level of education and raising the proportion of absentee owners in Europe, we expect a shift from the maintenance concept toward either an economics-centered or ecosystem-oriented concept for forest management. Despite the weak influence of private forest owners’ social economic profiles on forest management conceptualizations, governments should be aware of the trend and actively seek to prevent the polarization of forest management concepts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Petrovic, Irena. "The use of factor analysis in sociology: The example of value orientation analysis." Sociologija 55, no. 4 (2013): 557–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1304557p.

Full text

Abstract:

The widespread use of factor analysis in social research requires a detailed review of epistemological and methodological aspects of its use. This is the only way to overcome ?usual manner? of understanding factor analysis as a statistical method. In methodological terms, it is necessary to provide not only theoretical definition of the basic concepts and theoretical assumptions related to use of factor analysis, but also adequate operational definition. The importance of these theoretical prerequisites is being shown through two types of factor analysis: exploratory vs. confirmatory factor analysis. In addion, this paper gives particular attention to fulfill the basic epistemological principles. In this paper an example of the use of confirmatory factor analysis will be given. This will be done by carrying out a confirmatory factor analysis on data from a study in the field of value orientation. This type of factor analysis is used with the intention of revealing and understanding latent constructs. In the context of value orientation analysis, the concepts of authoritarian collectivism and patriarchalism will ilustrate the concept of latent dimensions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Barsalou, Lawrence W. "Perceptions of perceptual symbols." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 4 (1999): 637–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99532147.

Full text

Abstract:

Various defenses of amodal symbol systems are addressed, including amodal symbols in sensory-motor areas, the causal theory of concepts, supramodal concepts, latent semantic analysis, and abstracted amodal symbols. Various aspects of perceptual symbol systems are clarified and developed, including perception, features, simulators, category structure, frames, analogy, introspection, situated action, and development. Particular attention is given to abstract concepts, language, and computational mechanisms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ray, Alok K., Dibakar Rakshit, and K. Ravikumar. "High-temperature latent thermal storage system for solar power: Materials, concepts, and challenges." Cleaner Engineering and Technology 4 (October 2021): 100155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100155.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

DONG, ANDY. "Concept formation as knowledge accumulation: A computational linguistics study." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 20, no. 1 (2006): 35–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060406060033.

Full text

Abstract:

Language plays at least two roles in design. First, language serves as representations of ideas and concepts through linguistic behaviors that represent the structure of thought during the design process. Second, language also performs actions and creates states of affairs. Based on these two perspectives on language use in design, we apply the computational linguistics tools of latent semantic analysis and lexical chain analysis to characterize how design teams engage in concept formation as the accumulation of knowledge represented by lexicalized concepts. The accumulation is described in a data structure comprised by a set of links between elemental lexicalized concepts. The folding together of these two perspectives on language use in design with the information processing theories of the mind afforded by the computational linguistics tools applied creates a new means to evaluate concept formation in design teams. The method suggests that analysis at a linguistic level can characterize concept formation even where process-oriented critiques were limited in their ability to uncover a formal design method that could explain the phenomenon.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Horasan, Fahrettin, Hasan Erbay, Fatih Varçın, and Emre Deniz. "Alternate Low-Rank Matrix Approximation in Latent Semantic Analysis." Scientific Programming 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1095643.

Full text

Abstract:

The latent semantic analysis (LSA) is a mathematical/statistical way of discovering hidden concepts between terms and documents or within a document collection (i.e., a large corpus of text). Each document of the corpus and terms are expressed as a vector with elements corresponding to these concepts to form a term-document matrix. Then, the LSA uses a low-rank approximation to the term-document matrix in order to remove irrelevant information, to extract more important relations, and to reduce the computational time. The irrelevant information is called as “noise” and does not have a noteworthy effect on the meaning of the document collection. This is an essential step in the LSA. The singular value decomposition (SVD) has been the main tool obtaining the low-rank approximation in the LSA. Since the document collection is dynamic (i.e., the term-document matrix is subject to repeated updates), we need to renew the approximation. This can be done via recomputing the SVD or updating the SVD. However, the computational time of recomputing or updating the SVD of the term-document matrix is very high when adding new terms and/or documents to preexisting document collection. Therefore, this issue opened the door of using other matrix decompositions for the LSA as ULV- and URV-based decompositions. This study shows that the truncated ULV decomposition (TULVD) is a good alternative to the SVD in the LSA modeling.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Razis, Gerasimos, Georgios Theofilou, and Ioannis Anagnostopoulos. "Latent Twitter Image Information for Social Analytics." Information 12, no. 2 (2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12020049.

Full text

Abstract:

The appearance of images in social messages is continuously increasing, along with user engagement with that type of content. Analysis of social images can provide valuable latent information, often not present in the social posts. In that direction, a framework is proposed exploiting latent information from Twitter images, by leveraging the Google Cloud Vision API platform, aiming at enriching social analytics with semantics and hidden textual information. As validated by our experiments, social analytics can be further enriched by considering the combination of user-generated content, latent concepts, and textual data extracted from social images, along with linked data. Moreover, we employed word embedding techniques for investigating the usage of latent semantic information towards the identification of similar Twitter images, thereby showcasing that hidden textual information can improve such information retrieval tasks. Finally, we offer an open enhanced version of the annotated dataset described in this study with the aim of further adoption by the research community.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

King, Ronnel B., and Dennis M. McInerney. "Mapping changes in students’ English and math self-concepts: a latent growth model study." Educational Psychology 34, no. 5 (2014): 581–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2014.909009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Radin, Joanna. "Latent life: Concepts and practices of human tissue preservation in the International Biological Program." Social Studies of Science 43, no. 4 (2013): 484–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312713476131.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Stamm, Karen E., Lisa L. Harlow, and Theodore A. Walls. "An Introduction to Latent Variable Growth Curve Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications (2nd ed.)." Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 14, no. 4 (2007): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705510701575644.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Curran, Patrick J. "Book Review: An Introduction to Latent Variable Growth Curve Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and applications." Applied Psychological Measurement 24, no. 2 (2000): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01466210022031615.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Almaraz, Pablo. "Ecological time-series analysis through structural modelling with latent constructs: concepts, methods and applications." Comptes Rendus Biologies 328, no. 4 (2005): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2004.12.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Schnabel, Konrad, Jens B. Asendorpf, and Anthony G. Greenwald. "Understanding and using the implicit association test: V. measuring semantic aspects of trait self‐concepts." European Journal of Personality 22, no. 8 (2008): 695–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.697.

Full text

Abstract:

Implicit Association Tests (IATs) often reveal strong associations of self with positive rather than negative attributes. This poses a problem in using the IAT to measure associations involving traits with either positive or negative evaluative content. In two studies, we employed non‐bipolar but evaluatively balanced Big Five traits as attribute contrasts and explored correlations of IATs with positive (e.g. sociable vs. conscientious) or negative (e.g. reserved vs. chaotic) attributes. Results showed (a) satisfactory internal consistencies for all IATs, (b) explicit–explicit and implicit–implicit correlations that were moderate to high and comparable in strength after both were corrected for attenuation and (c) better model fit for latent variable models that linked the implicit and explicit measures to distinct latent factors rather to the same factor. Together, the results suggest that IATs can validly assess the semantic aspect of trait self‐concepts and that implicit and explicit self‐representations are, although correlated, also distinct constructs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Christy, A., Anto Praveena, and Jany Shabu. "A Hybrid Model for Topic Modeling Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Feature Selection Method." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 8 (2019): 3367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8234.

Full text

Abstract:

In this information age, Knowledge discovery and pattern matching plays a significant role. Topic Modeling, an area of Text mining is used detecting hidden patterns in a document collection. Topic Modeling and Document Clustering are two important key terms which are similar in concepts and functionality. In this paper, topic modeling is carried out using Latent Dirichlet Allocation-Brute Force Method (LDA-BF), Latent Dirichlet Allocation-Back Tracking (LDA-BT), Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) method and Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) method. A hybrid model is proposed which uses Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for extracting feature terms and Feature Selection (FS) method for feature reduction. The efficiency of document clustering depends upon the selection of good features. Topic modeling is performed by enriching the good features obtained through feature selection method. The proposed hybrid model produces improved accuracy than K-Means clustering method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Marquardt, Kyle L. "How and how much does expert error matter? Implications for quantitative peace research." Journal of Peace Research 57, no. 6 (2020): 692–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343320959121.

Full text

Abstract:

Expert-coded datasets provide scholars with otherwise unavailable data on important concepts. However, expert coders vary in their reliability and scale perception, potentially resulting in substantial measurement error. These concerns are acute in expert coding of key concepts for peace research. Here I examine (1) the implications of these concerns for applied statistical analyses, and (2) the degree to which different modeling strategies ameliorate them. Specifically, I simulate expert-coded country-year data with different forms of error and then regress civil conflict onset on these data, using five different modeling strategies. Three of these strategies involve regressing conflict onset on point estimate aggregations of the simulated data: the mean and median over expert codings, and the posterior median from a latent variable model. The remaining two strategies incorporate measurement error from the latent variable model into the regression process by using multiple imputation and a structural equation model. Analyses indicate that expert-coded data are relatively robust: across simulations, almost all modeling strategies yield regression results roughly in line with the assumed true relationship between the expert-coded concept and outcome. However, the introduction of measurement error to expert-coded data generally results in attenuation of the estimated relationship between the concept and conflict onset. The level of attenuation varies across modeling strategies: a structural equation model is the most consistently robust estimation technique, while the median over expert codings and multiple imputation are the least robust.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Montoya, Amanda K., and Minjeong Jeon. "MIMIC Models for Uniform and Nonuniform DIF as Moderated Mediation Models." Applied Psychological Measurement 44, no. 2 (2019): 118–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146621619835496.

Full text

Abstract:

In this article, the authors describe how multiple indicators multiple cause (MIMIC) models for studying uniform and nonuniform differential item functioning (DIF) can be conceptualized as mediation and moderated mediation models. Conceptualizing DIF within the context of a moderated mediation model helps to understand DIF as the effect of some variable on measurements that is not accounted for by the latent variable of interest. In addition, useful concepts and ideas from the mediation and moderation literature can be applied to DIF analysis: (a) improving the understanding of uniform and nonuniform DIF as direct effects and interactions, (b) understanding the implication of indirect effects in DIF analysis, (c) clarifying the interpretation of the “uniform DIF parameter” in the presence of nonuniform DIF, and (d) probing interactions and using the concept of “conditional effects” to better understand the patterns of DIF across the range of the latent variable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Lundqvist, Pia, and Liselotte Jakobsson. "Swedish Men’s Experiences of Becoming Fathers to Their Preterm Infants." Neonatal Network 22, no. 6 (2003): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.22.6.25.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose: To describe Swedish men’s experiences of becoming fathers to their preterm infants.Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study.Sample and method: Eight men participated in semistructured interviews with open-ended questions. The interviews were analyzed using manifest and latent content analysis.Main outcome variables: The concepts of control and noncontrol.Result: The manifest analysis of the interview text produced six categories: concern, stress, helplessness, security, support, and happiness. The latent content interpretation indicated that the concepts of control and noncontrol were relevant to the fathers’ experiences. The men’s experiences of early fatherhood were influenced by their ability to experience control. When concern, stress, and helplessness dominated the fathers’ experiences and coincided with low levels of happiness, support, and security, they experienced noncontrol. Conversely, when they experienced support, security, and happiness, they felt that they were in control and able to handle the situation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Chen, Chao-Jan. "Charaeter-sense Association: A Study on Automatie Sense Determination for Chinese V-V Eompounds." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 36, no. 1 (2007): 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-90000159.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a model of automatic sense determination for Chinese V-V compounds based on sense approximation for synonymous eompounds. The concepts of compounding semantie template and measures of template-similarity are proposed to retrieve potential synonymous compounds. The concept of the latent sense of characters is also proposed to bring up an association network among characters and senses. Based on this model, a system of automatic retrieval of synonyms for V-V compounds is implemented and tested, which obtains quite an encouraging performance according to a human evaluation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

García-Santillán, Arturo, Milka Escalera-Chávez, and Francisco Venegas-Martínez. "Principal Components Analysis and Factorial Analysis to Measure Latent Variables in a Quantitative Research: A Mathematical Theoretical Approach." Bulletin of Society for Mathematical Services and Standards 7 (September 2013): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/bsmass.7.3.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this paper focuses on showing how the factorial analysis and principal components analysis are useful for measuring latent variables in a concise way and safely as a help to building for new concepts and theories.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Kopishinskaya, S. V. "Modern concepts of celiac disease." Kazan medical journal 97, no. 1 (2016): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2016-101.

Full text

Abstract:

Celiac disease is widespread autoimmune disease, which develops in genetically predisposed individuals in case of gluten intake and manifests as enteropathy and extraintestinal signs or without symptoms. Celiac disease is recognized as one of the most common genetic diseases in the world with about 1% prevalence. The review organizes literature data concerning epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease. The historical and geographical features of the celiac disease prevalence associated with the wheat consumption and human migration are described. The disease pathogenesis caused by both genetic factors, in particular the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) type, and the environmental influence, the gluten intake. The classification uniting a number of gluten-related diseases, which differ in the development mechanism and clinical manifestations, is described. Celiac disease can clinically manifest by classic and atypical symptoms or occur in a latent form. It usually manifests in early childhood after the introduction of the cereals into diet with symptoms of chronic diarrhea, delayed growth and development. Celiac disease develops throughout life and increases morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Diagnosis is based on the presence of antibodies to tissue transglutaminase, gliadin and deamidated peptides and biopsy results. An algorithm for the interpretation of the diagnostic findings in the celiac disease diagnosis is presented. Significance of gluten-free diet and new drugs in the celiac disease treatment is highlighted. Different ways to reduce the gluten toxicity for celiac patients are described, such as gliadin hydrolysis modification, gluten intake decrease, immune response activity inhibition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Boyko, O. A., and A. S. Unukovich. "DETERMINANTS OF LATENT CRIMES COMMITTED USING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES." Juridical Journal of Samara University 6, no. 3 (2020): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-047x-2020-6-3-53-59.

Full text

Abstract:

In 2019, 294 409 criminal assaults were registered in the Russian Federation, committed using information and communications technologies, of which only 65 238 acts were disclosed. In addition, a certain part of crimes in the information and telecommunications space remains out of sight of law enforcement agencies-latent. The authors of the article have formulated the concepts of crime in the information and communications space and latent criminal acts committed using information and communications technologies. The article analyzes the determinants of latency ofcrimes carried out using it. The conclusion is formulated that it is necessary to purposefully influence the determinants of latent crime committed using ICT, which makes it possible to remove a certain part of illegal encroachments from the shadow.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Santilli, Sara, Laura Nota, and Giovanni Pilato. "A Comparison on the Use of LSA and LDA in Psychology Analysis on “Courage” Definitions." International Journal of Semantic Computing 11, no. 03 (2017): 373–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x17400153.

Full text

Abstract:

In the present work Latent Semantic Analysis of textual data was applied on texts related to courage, in order to compare and contrast results and evaluate the opportunity of integrating different data sets. To better understand the definition of courage in Italian context, 1199 participants were involved in the present study and was asked to answer to the following question “Courage is[Formula: see text]”. The participants’ definitions of courage were analyzed with the Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), in order to study the fundamental concepts arising from the population. An analogous comparison with Twitter posts has been also carried out to analyze if the public opinion emerging from social media provides a challenging and rich context to explore computational models of natural language.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Kankaras, Milos, and Guy Moors. "Researching measurement equivalence in cross-cultural studies." Psihologija 43, no. 2 (2010): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1002121k.

Full text

Abstract:

In cross-cultural comparative studies it is essential to establish equivalent measurement of relevant constructs across cultures. If this equivalence is not confirmed it is difficult if not impossible to make meaningful comparison of results across countries. This work presents concept of measurement equivalence, its relationship with other related concepts, different equivalence levels and causes of inequivalence in cross-cultural research. It also reviews three main approaches to the analysis of measurement equivalence - multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, differential item functioning, and multigroup latent class analysis - with special emphasis on their similarities and differences, as well as comparative advantages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Garnsey, Margaret R. "Automatic Classification of Financial Accounting Concepts." Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 3, no. 1 (2006): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jeta.2006.3.1.21.

Full text

Abstract:

Information and standards overload are part of the current business environment. In accounting, this is exacerbated due to the variety of users and the evolving nature of accounting language. This article describes a research project that determines the feasibility of using statistical methods to automatically group related accounting concepts together. Starting with the frequencies of words in documents and modifying them for local and global weighting, Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) and agglomerative clustering were used to derive clusters of related accounting concepts. Resultant clusters were compared to terms generated randomly and terms identified by individuals to determine if related terms are identified. A recognition test was used to determine if providing individuals with lists of terms generated automatically allowed them to identify additional relevant terms. Results found that both clusters obtained from the weighted term-document matrix and clusters from a LSI matrix based on 50 dimensions contained significant numbers of related terms. There was no statistical difference in the number of related terms found by the methods. However, the LSI clusters contained terms that were of a lower frequency in the corpus. This finding may have significance in using cluster terms to assist in retrieval. When given a specific term and asked for related terms, providing individuals with a list of potential terms significantly increased the number of related terms they were able to identify when compared to their free-recall.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Latent concepts'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles