Journal articles: 'Later functioning'

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Scheeringa, Michael. "Infant Cognition: Predicting Later Intellectual Functioning." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 33, no. 6 (1994): 913–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199407000-00025.

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Johnson, Mark H. "Infant cognition: Predicting later intellectual functioning." Personality and Individual Differences 16, no. 4 (1994): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(94)90196-1.

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Laucht, Manfred, Günter Esser, and Martin H. Schmidt. "Contrasting Infant Predictors of Later Cognitive Functioning." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 35, no. 4 (1994): 649–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01211.x.

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Wink, Paul, and Ursula M. Staudinger. "Wisdom and Psychosocial Functioning in Later Life." Journal of Personality 84, no. 3 (2015): 306–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12160.

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Xu, Minle. "Spousal Education and Cognitive Functioning in Later Life." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 7 (2019): e141-e150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz014.

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Abstract Objectives Numerous studies have documented the relationship between education and cognitive functioning at the individual level. Yet few studies have examined whether a spouse’s education spills over to influence the other spouse’s cognitive functioning. This study, therefore, investigates the association between spousal education and cognitive functioning, the pathways that may account for this association, and gender differences in this association. Method Growth curve models were analyzed by using longitudinal couple data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 5,846 individuals). Results More years of spousal education are associated with higher level of cognitive functioning at age 65 (γ000 = 0.0532, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.0163−0.0901) and slower decline in cognitive functioning in later adulthood (γ100 = 0.0054, 95% CI = 0.0026−0.0082). The positive association between spousal education and the level of cognitive functioning at age 65 is fully explained by economic resources. The association of spousal education with the rate of change in cognitive functioning decreases but remains significant after controlling for economic resources and health behaviors (γ100 = 0.0043, 95% CI = 0.0014−0.0072). The association between spousal education and cognitive functioning is similar for men and women. Discussion Findings suggest that more years of spousal education may slow decline in cognitive functioning for men and women in later life.

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Palumbo, Aimee J., Carolyn Cannuscio, Anneclaire J. De Roos, et al. "Women’s Occupational Patterns and Later Life Physical Functioning." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 5-6 (2019): 410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264319826797.

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Objective: Timing and accumulation of work-related exposures may influence later life health. This study evaluates the association between women’s work patterns and physical functioning. Method: Work history and physical functioning information was collected at baseline for U.S. women ages 50 to 79 years in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study ( N = 75,507). We estimated life course workforce participation patterns using latent class analysis. Associations between work patterns and physical limitations were explored using modified Poisson regression. Results: Compared with working continuously, women who left the workforce early had 8% increased risk and women who worked intermittently had 5% reduced risk of physical limitations later in life. The negative association with intermittent workforce participation was stronger for women with substantively complex work (9% reduced risk) than for women with nonsubstantively complex work (2% reduced risk). Discussion: Life course work patterns and characteristics may contribute to physical functioning later in life among women.

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Irigaray, Tatiana Quarti, Janaína Barbosa Pacheco, Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira, Rochele Paz Fonseca, José Carlos de Carvalho Leite, and Christian Haag Kristensen. "Child maltreatment and later cognitive functioning: a systematic review." Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica 26, no. 2 (2013): 376–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-79722013000200018.

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Everson-Rose, S. A. "Early Life Conditions and Cognitive Functioning in Later Life." American Journal of Epidemiology 158, no. 11 (2003): 1083–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg263.

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Jelicic, Marko, Hans Bosma, Rudolf W. H. M. Ponds, Martin P. J. Van Boxtel, Peter J. Houx, and Jelle Jolles. "Neuroticism Does Not Affect Cognitive Functioning in Later Life." Experimental Aging Research 29, no. 1 (2003): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610730303704.

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Ledley, Deborah Roth, Eric A. Storch, Meredith E. Coles, Richard G. Heimberg, Jason Moser, and Erica A. Bravata. "The Relationship Between Childhood Teasing and Later Interpersonal Functioning." Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 28, no. 1 (2006): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-006-4539-9.

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Lekhak, N., T. Bhatta, and J. Zauszniewski. "COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN LATER LIFE: BENEFITS OF SPIRITUAL RESOURCES." Innovation in Aging 1, suppl_1 (2017): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx004.1673.

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Herd, Pamela, Sanjay Asthana, and Kamil Sicinski. "GROWING UP ON A FARM AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN LATER LIFE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.221.

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Abstract There is growing interest in rural disadvantage and the implications for health and well-being in later life. We examine the relationship between living in rural areas in childhood and cognitive outcomes later in life using the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. The WLS has prospective childhood measures of geographic status, adolescent IQ, and detailed measures of socioeconomic status, combined with later life measures of health and cognitive functioning. We find a robust relationship between rurality and lower levels of cognitive functioning, but it is explained by growing up on a farm.

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Foster, Jonathan, Anke van Eekelen, and Eugen Mattes. "Neuroconstructivism: Evidence for later maturation of prefrontally mediated executive functioning." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 3 (2008): 338–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08004135.

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AbstractThe authors of this commentary concur with the viewpoint presented by Mareschal et al. (2007a; 2007b) concerning the relevance of neurological data when theorizing about cognitive development. However, we argue here that Mareschal et al. fail to consider adequately the relevance of reorganizational brain events occurring through adolescence and early adulthood, especially regarding the prefrontal cortex and the ontogeny of executive functioning. In addition, evidence from the lifespan neurodevelopmental literature indicates that increased activity of neural networks may signify less efficient processing. This observation is of potential relevance when considering the neurological changes associated with cognitive development during childhood and adolescence.

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Ryan, Joanne, Isabelle Carrière, Jacqueline Scali, Karen Ritchie, and Marie-Laure Ancelin. "Life-time estrogen exposure and cognitive functioning in later life." Psychoneuroendocrinology 34, no. 2 (2009): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.09.008.

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Moorman, Sara M., Emily A. Greenfield, and Sarah Garcia. "School Context in Adolescence and Cognitive Functioning 50 Years Later." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 60, no. 4 (2019): 493–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146519887354.

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To advance understanding of how social inequalities from childhood might contribute to cognitive aging, we examined the extent to which school context in adolescence was associated with individuals’ cognitive performance more than 50 years later. Using data from 3,012 participants in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), we created an aggregate measure of school-level structural advantage, with indicators such as the proportion of teachers who had at least five years of teaching experience and spending per pupil. Multilevel models indicated that secondary school advantage was associated with small benefits in language/executive function at age 65 among older adults who had lower academic achievement in secondary school. Findings suggest that school advantage is a developmental context of adolescence that has modest implications for intracohort differences in aspects of later life cognition.

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Shaw, Benjamin A. "Anticipated Support From Neighbors and Physical Functioning During Later Life." Research on Aging 27, no. 5 (2005): 503–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027505277884.

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Hill, Terrence D., Dawn C. Carr, Amy M. Burdette, and Benjamin Dowd-Arrow. "Life-Course Religious Attendance and Cognitive Functioning in Later Life." Research on Aging 42, no. 7-8 (2020): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027520917059.

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Although several studies suggest that religious attendance is associated with better cognitive functioning in later life, researchers have generally failed to connect with any established life-course perspectives or theories of cognitive aging. Building on previous work, we examine the effects of life-course religious attendance on a range of cognitive functioning outcomes. We employ data from the religious life histories module of the 2016 Health and Retirement Study, a subsample of 516 adults aged 65 and older. Our key findings demonstrate that older adults who attended religious services for more of their life course tend to exhibit poorer working memory and mental status and better self-rated memory than older adults who attended less often. We contribute to previous research by reconceptualizing religious attendance as a cumulative life-course exposure, exploring the effects of religious attendance net of secular social engagement, and examining a wider range of cognitive functioning outcomes.

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Magai, C., N. S. Consedine, A. R. King, and M. Gillespie. "Physical Hardiness and Styles of Socioemotional Functioning in Later Life." Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 58, no. 5 (2003): P269—P279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.5.p269.

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Guralnik, J. M., S. Butterworth, M. E. J. Wadsworth, and D. Kuh. "Childhood Socioeconomic Status Predicts Physical Functioning a Half Century Later." Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 61, no. 7 (2006): 694–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/61.7.694.

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Scott, April B., Rebecca G. Reed, Natasha E. Garcia-Willingham, Karen A. Lawrence, and Suzanne C. Segerstrom. "Lifespan Socioeconomic Context: Associations With Cognitive Functioning in Later Life." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 74, no. 1 (2018): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby071.

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Wickrama, Kandauda (K A. S. )., and Catherine Walker O’Neal. "The influence of working later in life on memory functioning." Advances in Life Course Research 18, no. 4 (2013): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2013.09.001.

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Miranda, Ana, Carmen Berenguer, Belen Rosello, José Martínez-Raga, and Fernando Mulas. "Contribution of Family, Behavioral, and Neuropsychological Factors to Long-Term Functional Outcomes in Young Adults with ADHD: A 12-Year Follow-Up Study." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (2021): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020814.

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The persistent nature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the role of behavioral factors in its continuity have been widely documented in the literature. However, less is known about the role of early family and neuropsychological factors in predicting later adaptive functioning and quality of life in individuals with ADHD. This study aimed to analyze the contribution of early family, behavioral, and neuropsychological factors to long-term functional outcomes in young adults with ADHD. Family (parental mood disorders, family risk index, parenting stress, coherence), behavioral (oppositionism, inattention, emotional lability, hyperactivity), and cognitive factors were examined at baseline. Twelve years later, daily life functioning, quality of life, and executive and behavioral functioning were also evaluated in 61 young adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD. Results revealed significant correlations between most of the family and behavioral factors at baseline and the long-term functional outcomes. Specifically, multiple regressions showed that mothers’ depression and laxness predicted later quality of life, executive functioning, and the hyperactivity index, and mothers’ depression and parenting stress at baseline also significantly predicted the hyperactivity index. Oppositionism behavior and inhibition were also significant predictors of the hyperactivity index. Therefore, understanding the family, behavioral, and neuropsychological factors that can contribute to later quality of life, daily functioning, and behavioral and executive functions is a particularly critical issue in detecting and planning efficacious ADHD interventions.

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Ostiguy, Caroline S., Mark A. Ellenbogen, and Sheilagh Hodgins. "Personality of parents with bipolar disorder and interpersonal functioning among their offspring: A prospective 10-year study." Development and Psychopathology 24, no. 2 (2012): 573–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941200017x.

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AbstractA comparison of offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (OBD) and offspring of parents with no mental disorder (ONMD) showed that parents' neuroticism was associated with internalizing and externalizing problems among their children. The present study examined whether parents' neuroticism predicted poor interpersonal functioning among offspring 10 years later and whether the problems observed in middle childhood mediated the association between parents' neuroticism and offspring functioning. When offspring were in middle childhood, parents completed the revised NEO Personality Inventory and rated the child's behavior on the Child Behavior Checklist. Ten years later, 65 OBD and 59 ONMD completed interviews assessing mental disorders and interpersonal and noninterpersonal functioning. High neuroticism and low agreeableness in parents predicted poor interpersonal functioning in their offspring in late adolescence–early adulthood. The offspring's externalizing and internalizing problems in middle childhood partially mediated the association between parents' personality and offspring interpersonal functioning. Moreover, the association between parents' neuroticism and offspring internalizing problems was stronger among the OBD than the ONMD. Overall, the results suggested an intergenerational transmission of risk whereby high neuroticism and low agreeableness in parents were associated with behavioral problems among offspring in middle childhood that, in turn, predicted poor interpersonal functioning 10 years later.

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Herd, Pamela, Kamil Sicinski, and Sanjay Asthana. "Does Rural Living in Early Life Increase the Risk for Reduced Cognitive Functioning in Later Life?" Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 82, no. 3 (2021): 1171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-210224.

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Background: There is a robust consensus, most recently articulated in the 2020 Lancet Commission, that the roots of dementia can be traced to early life, and that the path to prevention may start there as well. Indeed, a growing body of research demonstrates that early life disadvantage may influence the risk for later life dementia and cognitive decline. A still understudied risk, however, is early life rural residence, a plausible pathway given related economic and educational disadvantages, as well as associations between later life rural living and lower levels of cognitive functioning. Objective: We aim to examine whether living in rural environments during early life has long term implications for cognitive health in later life. Methods: We employed the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, which tracked 1 in every 3 high school graduates from the class of 1957, from infancy to ∼age 72. The data include a rich array of prospectively collected early life data, unique among existing studies, as well as later life measures of cognitive functioning. Results: We found a robust relationship between early life rural residence, especially living on a farm, and long-term risk for reduced cognitive performance on recall and fluency tasks. Controls for adolescent cognitive functioning, APOE ɛ2 and APOE ɛ4, as well as childhood and adult factors, ranging from early life socioeconomic conditions to later life health and rural and farm residency, did not alter the findings. Conclusion: Rural living in early life is an independent risk for lower levels of cognitive functioning in later life.

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Burr, Jeffrey A., Sae Hwang Han, and Changmin Peng. "Childhood Friendship Experiences and Cognitive Functioning in Later Life: The Mediating Roles of Adult Social Disconnectedness and Adult Loneliness." Gerontologist 60, no. 8 (2020): 1456–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa055.

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Abstract Background and Objectives This study investigated the relationship between childhood friendships and cognitive functioning, as assessed with cognitive status and decline among adults aged 45 and older in China. We also examined the mediating effect of adult social disconnectedness and adult loneliness for this relationship. Research Design and Methods This study was based on 3 waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS; 2011, 2013, 2015; N = 13,959). Cognitive functioning was assessed with episodic memory. Childhood friendship measures were taken from the 2014 life history module of the CHARLS. Two dimensions of adult social isolation, loneliness and social disconnectedness, were included as mediators. Latent growth curve modeling was utilized to test the associations between childhood friendships, adult social isolation, and cognitive functioning. Results Adverse childhood friendship experiences were found to be significantly associated with both lower initial cognitive status and the rate of decline in cognitive functioning. Our findings indicated that adult loneliness and social disconnectedness partly mediated the link between childhood friendship experiences and the initial level of cognitive functioning, but not cognitive decline later in life. Discussion and Implications The findings emphasized the enduring importance of childhood friendships for cognitive functioning later in life. Interventions that focus on improving social participation through fostering friendships in childhood may have long-term benefits for cognition later in life.

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Maughan, Barbara, and Ann Hagell. "Poor readers in adulthood: Psychosocial functioning." Development and Psychopathology 8, no. 2 (1996): 457–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400007197.

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AbstractSamples of poor and normal readers were followed into early adulthood to assess the implications of childhood reading difficulties for the transition to adulthood, and for early adult psychosocial functioning. Some group differences were found in patterns of early adult transitions, and, for women only, on wider measures of early adult functioning. Global self-esteem in adulthood did not differ between the childhood reading groups, and there were few marked variations in vulnerability to later psychiatric disorder. The findings are discussed in regard to differing developmental pathways for problems in adult functioning, ant the possible role of contextual changes in enabling more positive functioning for many childhood poor readers.

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Nurco, David N., and Monroe Lerner. "Vulnerability to Narcotic Addiction: Family Structure and Functioning." Journal of Drug Issues 26, no. 4 (1996): 1007–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269602600415.

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This retrospective case-control study of male narcotic addicts was aimed at determining whether family structure and functioning factors, self-reported retrospectively as occurring during early teen age, were associated with subsequent addiction. It contrasted a reference group of addicts with two matched control groups: their teenage associates at age 11 (peer controls), and age-peers residing in their community but not close associates (community controls). The study population was equally divided between white and black subjects. Study results showed that during early teenage intact family structure (defined here as residence in a household consisting of both natural parents) was negatively associated at statistically significant levels with addiction. Family functioning factors negatively associated with later addiction, independently of family structure, included: strong attachment to father or father figure, positive home atmosphere, strong parental adherence to traditional norms, and expected weak parental disapproval of (hypothetical) misbehaviors by subjects if these had in fact occurred. Attachment to mother or mother figure was almost equally very high among reference and control subjects and, hence, was not associated with later addiction.

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Keller, PEGGY S., E. Mark Cummings, Patrick T. Davies, and Patricia M. Mitchell. "Longitudinal relations between parental drinking problems, family functioning, and child adjustment." Development and Psychopathology 20, no. 1 (2008): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579408000096.

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AbstractRelations between maternal and paternal problem drinking symptoms and destructive marital conflict, parenting problems, and children's internalizing and externalizing problems were investigated. Participants were community families with a child in kindergarten who completed questionnaire measures at baseline (N = 235), 1 year later (N = 227), and 2 years later (N = 215). Structural equation modeling revealed that paternal problem drinking at Time 1 was associated with greater destructive marital conflict 1 year later. In turn, destructive marital conflict was related to decreased parental warmth and increased parental psychological control; these parenting problems were associated with greater child internalizing and externalizing problems at the third time point. Further analyses revealed that the indirect effects of paternal drinking on children's adjustment were significant, and that relations remained even after including autoregressive effects. Findings are discussed in terms of family process models for relations between parental drinking and child adjustment problems.

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Haq, Kazi Sabrina, and Margaret J. Penning. "Social Determinants of Racial Disparities in Cognitive Functioning in Later Life in Canada." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 7-8 (2019): 817–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264319853137.

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Objective: The objectives of this study were (a) to assess the nature and extent of racial disparities in cognitive functioning among older adults in Canada, and (b) to assess the role of socioeconomic factors and patterned health behaviors as social determinants of racial disparities in cognitive functioning. Method: Data were drawn from the 2009-2010 Canadian Community Health Survey. The study sample included 20,646 people aged 60 years or older. Ordered logistic regression analyses were carried out to test hypotheses linking race, socioeconomic factors, and patterned health behaviors, and cognitive functioning. Results: Our findings revealed a racial gap in cognitive functioning among older adults in Canada. This gap was, in part, mediated by socioeconomic inequalities (in income and food security) and socially patterned behaviors (i.e., drinking, physical activity levels). However, socioeconomic status (SES) and behavioral factors appeared to operate independently of one another. Discussion: The findings suggest a need to focus on the direct effects of race as well as its indirect effects, through socioeconomic factors and patterned health behaviors, for an understanding of racial disparities in cognitive functioning.

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Harty, Seth C., Nicole K. Thorn, Jessica H. Kalmar, Jeffrey H. Newcorn, and Jeffrey M. Halperin. "The Effect of Childhood Conduct Disorder and Cognitive Functioning on Adolescent Substance Use." CNS Spectrums 9, no. 9 (2004): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900001930.

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ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the impact of childhood conduct disorder (CD) and intelligence quotient (IQ) on later substance use in adolescence.Methods: Neuropsychological and structured diagnostic evaluations were initially administered to 32 children with disruptive behavior disorder when they were 7–11 years of age. They were then re-evaluated on average 6.7 years later using an array of interviews and rating scales with a focus on substance use.Results: Early CD and IQ scores together accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in later substance use (R2=.248). In addition, there was a significant CD and Verbal IQ interaction (R2=.164) such that high Verbal IQ was linked to increased substance use in adolescents who had childhood CD.Conclusion: These data indicate that the presence of conduct disorder may interact with high Verbal IQ during childhood in such a way as to predict later adolescent substance use in disruptive behavior disorder populations.

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Garcia, Sarah, and Sara M. Moorman. "College Selectivity and Later-Life Memory Function: Evidence From the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study." Research on Aging 43, no. 1 (2020): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027520927137.

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Research has shown a consistent association between college completion and laterlife cognition. We extend this work by examining whether college selectivity—the achievement level required to gain admission to a college—is associated with memory functioning more than 50 years later. We analyze data from 10,317 participants in the 1957–2011 Wisconsin Longitudinal Study to examine the relationship between college selectivity and later-life memory. Models control for childhood, midlife socioeconomic status, and later-life health and adjust for selection bias. Selective college attendance was associated with small benefits in memory at age of 72 even after accounting for socioeconomic status in both childhood and midlife and later-life health. The results of this study suggest that college selectivity may be an important component of the education–cognitive functioning relationship that has modest implications for intracohort differences in later-life cognition.

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van Harmelen, A. L., R. A. Kievit, K. Ioannidis, et al. "Adolescent friendships predict later resilient functioning across psychosocial domains in a healthy community cohort." Psychological Medicine 47, no. 13 (2017): 2312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717000836.

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BackgroundAdolescence is a key time period for the emergence of psychosocial and mental health difficulties. To promote adolescent adaptive (‘resilient’) psychosocial functioning (PSF), appropriate conceptualisation and quantification of such functioning and its predictors is a crucial first step. Here, we quantify resilient functioning as the degree to which an individual functions better or worse than expected given their self-reported childhood family experiences, and relate this to adolescent family and friendship support.MethodWe used Principal Component and regression analyses to investigate the relationship between childhood family experiences and PSF (psychiatric symptomatology, personality traits and mental wellbeing) in healthy adolescents (the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network;N= 2389; ages 14–24). Residuals from the relation between childhood family experiences and PSF reflect resilient functioning; the degree to which an individual is functioning better, or worse, than expected given their childhood family experiences. Next, we relate family and friendship support with resilient functioning both cross-sectionally and 1 year later.ResultsFriendship and family support were positive predictors of immediate resilient PSF, with friendship support being the strongest predictor. However, whereas friendship support was a significant positive predictor oflaterresilient functioning,familysupport had anegativerelationship with later resilient PSF.ConclusionsWe show that friendship support, but not family support, is an important positive predictor of both immediate and later resilient PSF in adolescence and early adulthood. Interventions that promote the skills needed to acquire and sustain adolescent friendships may be crucial in increasing adolescent resilient PSF.

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Ryu, Jungsu, Jinmoo Heo, Chungsup Lee, Amy Chan Hyung Kim, Kyung Min Kim, and Hyunmin Yang. "FEELING AUTHENTIC DURING PLAYING PICKLEBALL IN LATER LIFE: PREDICTING POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S518—S519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1911.

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Abstract Authenticity, being trustful with oneself, is regarded as a principle predictor of healthy functioning. However, the association between authenticity and psychological functioning has not been examined, even though leisure is an ideal context within which to experience authenticity. Therefore, this study examined the association between authenticity and psychological functioning in older adults playing pickleball. A convenience sample of 112 males and 96 females (64.11±6.56, 50 to 82yrs) was recruited from the 2017 U.S. Open Pickleball Championship which is an annual international pickleball tournament. The participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire primarily asking about their levels of authenticity (4-items) and psychological functioning measured by both perceived stress (4-items) and happiness (single item). The pearson correlation tests found higher levels of authenticity were significantly correlated with being less stressed (r = -.373, p &lt; .01) and happier (r = .203, p &lt; .01). A two-step hierarchical regression was used to determine the unique contribution of authenticity to either perceived stress or happiness, and found that authenticity uniquely contributed to 10% of the variance in perceived stress (F= 4.678, p &lt;.001) and 2.3% of the variance in happiness (F= 3.046, p &lt;.01). These results suggest that feeling authentic in older adults playing pickleball may play an important role in positive psychological functioning.

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McGuire, Lisa C., Earl S. Ford, and Umed A. Ajani. "Cognitive Functioning as a Predictor of Functional Disability in Later Life." American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 14, no. 1 (2006): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jgp.0000192502.10692.d6.

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Rose, Susan A., and Ina F. Wallace. "Visual Recognition Memory: A Predictor of Later Cognitive Functioning in Preterms." Child Development 56, no. 4 (1985): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1130096.

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Shirtcliff, Elizabeth A., Martie L. Skinner, Ezemenari M. Obasi, and Kevin P. Haggerty. "Positive parenting predicts cortisol functioning six years later in young adults." Developmental Science 20, no. 6 (2017): e12461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12461.

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Zamarian, Laura, Lukas Lenhart, Melanie Nagele, et al. "Effects of Cognitive Functioning and Education on Later-Life Health Numeracy." Gerontology 66, no. 6 (2020): 582–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000510092.

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Introduction: Previous studies have shown an association between a high health numeracy and good cognitive functioning. Objective: To investigate the moderation effect of education on this relationship and which brain structures support health numeracy. Methods: We examined 70 healthy older persons (66% females; mean ± SD: age, 75.73 ± 4.52 years; education, 12.21 ± 2.94 years). The participants underwent a T1-weighted 3-T MRI and a neuropsychological assessment including a health numeracy task. Statistical parametric mapping was applied to identify focal changes in cortical thickness throughout the entire brain and to correlate image parameters with behavioral measures. Results: Executive functions and mental calculation emerged as predictors of health numeracy (B = 0.22, p &#x3c; 0.05, and B = 0.38, p &#x3c; 0.01). An interaction was found between education and executive functions (B = –0.16, p = 0.01) and between education and mental calculation (B = –0.11, p &#x3c; 0.05). Executive functions and mental calculation had an impact on health numeracy in participants with a low to intermediate education (≤12 years) but not in those with a higher education (&#x3e;12 years). Health numeracy scores were associated with cortical thickness in the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the right superior temporal gyrus (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Older people with a higher education perform better in health numeracy tasks than those with a lower education. They have access to previously acquired knowledge about ratio concepts and do not need to rely on executive functions and computational skills. This is highly relevant when decisions about health care have to be made.

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REGER, MARK, ROBERT WELSH, JILL RAZANI, DAVID J. MARTIN, and KYLE B. BOONE. "A meta-analysis of the neuropsychological sequelae of HIV infection." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 8, no. 3 (2002): 410–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617702813212.

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This meta-analysis summarizes the broad spectrum of neuropsychological research on HIV disease across a sample of 41 primary studies and an aggregate of 8,616 participants for 10 major neuropsychological ability areas. Analyses of the course of cognitive decline within and across Centers for Disease Control classifications reveals statistically significant cognitive deficits from asymptomatic HIV to AIDS. Effect sizes (Cohen, 1988) were calculated to reflect between-group (asymptomatic, symptomatic, AIDS) differences in each neuropsychological domain. Relatively small effect sizes were obtained for the asymptomatic (0.05–0.21) patients, and generally small to moderate effect sizes were obtained for symptomatic (0.18–0.65) HIV+ patients, with motor functioning exhibiting the greatest effects in this later disease stage. The most notable deficits in cognitive functioning were found in the AIDS group with moderate (attention and concentration) to large (motor functioning) effect sizes with values ranging from 0.42–0.82. Comparison of cognitive functioning as a function of disease progression revealed that motor functioning, executive skills, and information processing speed were among the cognitive domains showing the greatest decline from early to later stages of HIV. These findings indicate that cognitive deficits in the early stages of HIV are small and increase in the later phases of the illness, and that specific patterns of cognitive deficits can be detected with disease progression. These results and their clinical utility are further discussed. (JINS, 2002, 8, 410–424.)

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Liu, Yujun, and Margie E. Lachman. "CHANGES IN COGNITION ARE RELATED TO PERSONALITY CHANGES IN MIDDLE AND LATER ADULTHOOD." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.583.

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Abstract Previous studies have identified an association between personality and cognition in later life. Those with more stable personalities have better cognitive functioning. And those with more cognitive decline have higher neuroticism. We examined the association between changes in both personality and cognition in the same model, which has not been systematically investigated. Data were from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, a national survey that included 4268 participants ages 35 to 85 at the second wave. The Big Five Personality traits and cognitive function variables (episodic memory and executive functioning) were from waves two and three. The analysis included a latent change score model and a cross-lagged panel design using Mplus. The results show that personality changes and cognitive changes over 9 years are correlated. Cross-lagged findings indicate that cognitive functioning is positively related to changes in conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, and extraversion and negatively related to changes in neuroticism. The findings advance our understanding of the association between changes in personality and cognition. The impact of cognitive change on personality stability and the role of personality traits for maintaining cognitive function in later life are discussed. The results have implications for developing interventions to maintain or enhance cognitive functioning and personality in middle and later adulthood.

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Wagner, Nicholas, Roger Mills-Koonce, Michael Willoughby, Cathi Propper, Peter Rehder, and Noa Gueron-Sela. "Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and heart period in infancy as correlates of later oppositional defiant and callous-unemotional behaviors." International Journal of Behavioral Development 41, no. 1 (2016): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025415605391.

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Extant literature suggests that oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and callous-unemotional (CU) behaviors in childhood and adolescence are associated with distinct patterns of psychophysiological functioning, and that individual differences in these patterns have implications for developmental pathways to disorder. Very little is known about the associations between psychophysiological functioning in infancy and later ODD and CU behaviors. This study examined associations between basal autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning in infancy and ODD and CU behaviors in later childhood. Using longitudinal heart period (HP) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) data from the Durham Child Health and Development Study ( N = 206), the current study tested associations within a structural equation modeling framework, between continuous measures of HP and RSA across the first 2 years of life, and later ODD and CU behaviors at first grade. Results indicate that ODD and CU behaviors in childhood are associated with lower baseline RSA, but not HP, across infancy. The implications of these findings for developmental models of ODD and CU behaviors are discussed.

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Walsemann, Katrina M., and Jennifer A. Ailshire. "Early Educational Experiences and Trajectories of Cognitive Functioning Among US Adults in Midlife and Later." American Journal of Epidemiology 189, no. 5 (2020): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz276.

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Abstract Educational attainment is often considered the most important protective factor against cognitive impairment and dementia, yet significant variation in early educational experiences exists among midlife and older US adults. We used prospective data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) along with information on respondents’ early educational experiences collected in the 2015 and 2017 HRS Life History Mail Survey to examine whether school context, educational content, and academic ability were associated with trajectories of cognitive functioning and whether educational attainment explains this relationship. We restricted our sample to age-eligible HRS Life History Mail Survey respondents who provided data on cognitive functioning at least once during 1998–2014 and attended primary school or higher (n = 9,565 respondents providing 62,037 person-period observations). Estimates from linear mixed models revealed that school context, educational content, and academic ability were significantly associated with level of cognitive functioning but not rate of cognitive decline. Educational attainment explained 9%–55% of the association between these early educational experiences and level of cognitive functioning; however, all relationships remained statistically significant. Our results suggest that educational experiences that span childhood and adolescence are independently related to level of cognitive functioning decades later.

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Jagger, Carol. "UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT OF OBESITY THROUGH THE LIFECOURSE ON LATER-LIFE FUNCTIONING AND DEPENDENCY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S48—S49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.189.

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Abstract Populations worldwide are seeing rising levels of obesity and its health consequences, particularly diabetes. Levels of childhood obesity are particularly high with concerns of how this will affect individuals’ health and functioning in mid and later life. Such research questions are difficult to answer as ideally they require longitudinal studies of cohorts from birth or childhood through to later life, with consistent measures of obesity and functioning throughout. The first two presentations in this session use the unique UK birth cohorts, the 1946 National Survey of Health and Development (1946-NSHD) and the 1958 National Child Development Study (1958-NCDS) with a focus on poor physical functioning (PF, i.e. the ability to perform physical tasks of daily living) in later life. Poor PF was defined as the lowest (gender and cohort-specific) 10% on the Short-form 36 subscale at 60-64y (1946-NSHD) and 50y (1958-NCDS). The presentations explore (i) how the timing of onset and duration of obesity, from childhood through to mid-life, affects later life PF, and (ii) whether the relationship between obesity and PF is mediated by physical inactivity. In the final presentation we utilise a new dynamic micro-simulation model, the Population Ageing and Care Simulation (PACSim) which simulates the ageing of a base population of individuals aged 35 years and over from three longitudinal studies (Understanding Society, the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing, and the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II) to examine the extent to which reducing obesity in mid life could potentially reduce later dependency and care needs.

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BURGE, DORLI, CONSTANCE HAMMEN, JOANNE DAVILA, et al. "The relationship between attachment cognitions and psychological adjustment in late adolescent women." Development and Psychopathology 9, no. 1 (1997): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579497001119.

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This longitudinal study of 137 female high school seniors investigated the relationship of attachment cognitions, current psychological functioning, and psychological functioning 12 months later. Attachment cognitions, assessed with the Revised Adult Attachment Scale and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, were significantly associated with current symptomatology. The Revised Adult Attachment Scale, in interaction with initial symptomatology, predicted depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and personality disorders 12 months later. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment parent subscales predicted eating disorder and personality disorder symptomatology, whereas the peer subscales predicted substance abuse, eating disorder, and personality disorder symptomatology.

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Olino, Thomas M., Daniel N. Klein, and John R. Seeley. "Profiles of psychosocial and clinical functioning in adolescence and risk for later depression and other outcomes." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 12 (2019): 2066–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719002186.

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AbstractBackgroundMost studies examining predictors of the onset of depression focus on variable centered regression methods that focus on the effects of multiple predictors. In contrast, person-centered approaches develop profiles of factors and these profiles can be examined as predictors of onset. Here, we developed profiles of adolescent psychosocial and clinical functioning among adolescents without a history of major depression.MethodsData come from a subsample of participants from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project who completed self-report measures of functioning in adolescence and completed diagnostic and self-report measures at follow-up assessments up to approximately 15 years after baseline.ResultsWe identified four profiles of psychosocial and clinical functioning: Thriving; Average Functioning; Externalizing Vulnerability and Family Stress and Internalizing Vulnerability at the baseline assessment of participants without a history of depression at the initial assessment in mid-adolescence. Classes differed in the likelihood of onset and course of depressive disorders, experience of later anxiety and substance use disorders, and psychosocial functioning in adulthood. Moreover, the predictive utility of these classes was maintained when controlling for multiple other established risk factors for depressive disorders.ConclusionsThis work highlights the utility of examining multiple factors simultaneously to understand risk for depression.

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Haq, Kazi Sabrina, and Margaret Penning. "Racial Disparities in Cognitive Functioning: The Mediating Role of Social Resources." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1099.

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Abstract Despite frequent recognition of disparities in cognitive functioning between White and non-White older adults, the pathways or mechanisms through which race affects cognitive functioning have yet to be elucidated. The research questions addressed in this paper are: 1) Is there a relationship between racial minority status and cognitive functioning in middle and later life? 2) To what extent do social resources (i.e., social support, social networks, and social participation) mediate the relationship between racial minority status and cognitive functioning? 3) Finally, drawing on intersectionality theory, if social resources do mediate the relationship between racial minority status and cognitive functioning, to what extent is this mediation effect moderated by the interaction of gender and Socioeconomic Status (SES)? Using cross-sectional data drawn from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) with a sample of over 50,000 Canadians (2010-15) aged 45 to 85 years, multivariate regression analyses (OLS, logistic, multinomial logistic) assess the mediating effect of social resources on the relationship between racial minority status and cognitive functioning. Controlling for age, gender and other relevant determinants, preliminary results reveal that racial disparities in cognitive functioning (i.e., lower cognitive test scores) exist in Canada and that this relationship is partially mediated by some indicators of social resources (e.g., functional social support, emotional social support). Our findings suggest the need for interventions targeted at increasing social resources for racial minority groups to cope with the risk of developing cognitive impairment in later life.

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Chow, Wai-Ying, Jennifer E. Mettrick, Sharon H. Stephan, and Christina A. Von Waldner. "Youth in Group Home Care: Youth Characteristics and Predictors of Later Functioning." Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 41, no. 4 (2012): 503–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11414-012-9282-2.

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Ryu, Jungsu, Jinmoo Heo, Chungsup Lee, Amy Chan Hyung Kim, and Kyung Min Kim. "Feeling authentic during playing pickleball in later life: Predicting positive psychological functioning." Social Science Journal 57, no. 2 (2020): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2019.01.008.

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Udo, Tomoko, Patrick R. Clifford, Christine M. Davis, and Stephen A. Maisto. "Alcohol Use Post AUD Treatment Initiation as a Predictor of Later Functioning." American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 35, no. 3 (2009): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00952990802707059.

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Raffington, Laurel, John J. Prindle, and Yee Lee Shing. "Income gains predict cognitive functioning longitudinally throughout later childhood in poor children." Developmental Psychology 54, no. 7 (2018): 1232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0000529.

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Koch, Patricia Barthalow. "The Relationship of First Intercourse to Later Sexual Functioning Concerns of Adolescents." Journal of Adolescent Research 3, no. 3-4 (1988): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074355488833009.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Later functioning'

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