Journal articles: 'Later preterm'

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Bonamy, Anna-Karin E., Gerd Holmström, Olof Stephansson, Jonas F. Ludvigsson, and Sven Cnattingius. "Preterm Birth and Later Retinal Detachment." Ophthalmology 120, no. 11 (2013): 2278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.03.035.

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Slattery, Justine. "Preterm sucking behaviour and later neurodevelopment." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 59, no. 8 (2017): 784–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13470.

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Rook, Olivia. "Supporting preterm children." Early Years Educator 21, no. 8 (2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/eyed.2019.21.8.46.

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While premature birth is a risk factor, not a diagnosis, for difficulties later in life, it is becoming increasingly important that teachers are aware of it. A new, free e-learning resource is now addressing this need.

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Kotecha, Sarah J., John Lowe, and Sailesh Kotecha. "Does the sex of the preterm baby affect respiratory outcomes?" Breathe 14, no. 2 (2018): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/20734735.017218.

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Being born very preterm is associated with later deficits in lung function and an increased rate of respiratory symptoms compared with term-born children. The rates of early respiratory infections are higher in very preterm-born subjects, which may independently lead to deficits in lung function in later life. As with very preterm-born children, deficits in lung function, increased respiratory symptoms and an increased risk of respiratory infections in early life are observed in late preterm-born children. However, the rates of respiratory symptoms are lower compared with very preterm-born children. There is some evidence to suggest that respiratory outcomes may be improving over time, although not all the evidence suggests improvements. Male sex appears to increase the risk for later adverse respiratory illness. Although not all studies report that males have worse long-term respiratory outcomes than females. It is essential that preterm-born infants are followed up into childhood and beyond, and that appropriate treatment for any lung function deficits and respiratory symptoms is prescribed if necessary. If these very preterm-born infants progress to develop chronic obstructive airway disease in later life then the impact, not only on the individuals, but also the economic impact on healthcare services, is immense.Educational aimsTo report the effect of the sex of the preterm baby on respiratory outcomes.To explore the short- and long-term respiratory outcomes of preterm birth.

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Sansavini, Alessandra, Mario Rizzardi, Rosina Alessandroni, and Giuliana Giovanelli. "The Development of Italian Low- and Very-low-birthweight Infants from Birth to 5 Years: The Role of Biological and Social Risks." International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 3 (1996): 533–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549601900305.

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This study attempted to determine how cognitive, motor, linguistic, and social competencies of preterm children develop from birth to five years in comparison with a group of fullterm children. The interaction between biological and social risks was considered in evaluating short- and long-term delays in development. The study was also designed to ascertain whether infant test scores of the first two years are predictive of later IQ scores. A total of 195 healthy Italian preterms (birthweight ≤ 2000 grams, without severe neonatal complications) were administered the Brunet-Lezine test at 6,12, and 24 months (corrected age), and 149 of them the Stanford-Binet test at 3,4, and 5 years (chronological age). The preterm group showed motor, cognitive, and social delays in the first year, linguistic delays until 24 months, and general cognitive delays until 5 years in comparison with the fullterm group. However, preterms' mean infant test scores and IQ scores fell within the normal range. The probability of delays in development was increased by the conditions of intra-uterine growth retardation and very-low-birthweight, and, after the first year of life, by a low level of paternal education. Brunet-Lezine test scores were predictive of later IQ scores, as were sex and parental education. In conclusion, preterm birth is correlated with delays in development, especially when it is associated with other biological and/or social risk factors.

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Raju, Tonse N. K. "The “Late Preterm” Birth—Ten Years Later." Pediatrics 139, no. 3 (2017): e20163331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-3331.

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FINN, ROBERT. "Extremely Preterm Birth Linked to Later Autism." Clinical Psychiatry News 36, no. 7 (2008): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0270-6644(08)70479-x.

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Tiedje, Linda Beth. "Preterm Delivery and Later Maternal Cardiovascular Risk." MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 33, no. 3 (2008): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nmc.0000318363.77094.89.

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Litvinchuk, Tetiana, Ruchi Singh, Christopher T. Sheehan, and Tetyana L. Vasylyeva. "Weight in Infancy and Obesity in Children Born Preterm." International Journal of Integrative Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine 1 (October 27, 2014): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36013/ijipem.v1i0.13.

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Excessive weight gain in infancy may lead to obesity and its sequelae later in life. Children born preterm have higher associated risk of becoming obese than full term babies. The goal of the study was to examine early weight gain among preterm infants, who later in life became obese. In a retrospective chart review of 37 preterm infants, 27 grew to support a normal weight and 10 became obese. We demonstrated differences in early childhood weight gain dynamics with weight differences between groups noted at 6 months of age that persisted later in life. Increased risk of obesity could be identified very early in infancy among preterm children. Early nutritional consult and attention to weight gain in infancy and early childhood are important steps in obesity prevention.

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Feng, Xueqin, Yumeng Zhang, Jianying Tao, et al. "Comparison of Vascular Responses to Vasoconstrictors in Human Placenta in Preeclampsia between Preterm and Later Term." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, no. 8 (2020): 727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666191217114111.

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Background: Placental blood vessels play important roles in maternal-fetal circulation. Although pathologic mechanisms of preeclampsia are unclear, it is known that placental vascular dysfunction could contribute to pregnant hypertension. However, placental micro-vessel function or dysfunction at preterm has not been investigated. Methods: Human placentas from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies at preterm and term were obtained. Placental micro-vessels were used for determining vascular tension and responses to various vasoconstrictors as well as intracellular calcium store capability. It was the first time to show vascular responses in placental arteries to angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and other vascular drugs at preterm. Results: Compared to the control, placental vascular contractile responses to angiotensin II and caffeine were significantly decreased, while placental vascular responses to KCl, endothelin-1, and bradykinin were not significantly altered in the later term group in preeclampsia. In comparison of placental micro-vessel tension between the preterm and later term, caffeine- and serotonin-induced vascular contractions were significantly weaker in the preterm than that in the later term. On the contrary, vascular response to angiotensin II was increased in the preterm preeclampsia, while KCl-, endothelin-1, and bradykinin-mediated placental vessel responses in the preterm preeclampsia were similar to that in later term preeclampsia. Conclusion: New data showed that micro-vessel responses to angiotensin II and serotonin, not endothelin- 1 or bradykinin, were significantly reduced in the human placentas at preterm, and intracellular Ca2+ store capacity was damaged too, providing important information on possible contributions of placental vascular dysfunction to pregnant hypertension.

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Kaur, Sumandeep, Gurmeet Kaur, H. C. L. Rawat, Prajjwal Bansal, and Amanpreet Sethi. "Quality improvement initiative: improving proportion of preterm infants on mothers only milk at the time of discharge." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 6 (2019): 2334. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20194613.

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Background: Availability of mothers only milk (MOM) for preterm infants is a boon for their growth and development. Authors found that in our Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU), the availability of MOM was very less with excessive use of formula feed. So, authors planned a quality improvement (QI) study to improve availability of MOM for preterms in level 3 SNCU catering to both in-born and out-born neonates.Methods: Authors aimed to improve availability of MOM to preterm infants admitted in SNCU from the current 10% to 80% at day 7 of admission over a period of 8 weeks. Authors included preterm and mother dyads with <34 weeks of gestation or having birth weight <1800 gm. and likely to stay in SNCU for at least a week. For this initiative a QI team was formed. Baseline data was collected for a period of 3 weeks and analysis was performed of various constrains in providing MOM to preterms was later an interventional package was implemented which included counselling to mothers, Kangaroo mother care (KMC), demonstration of milk expression techniques. Intervention phase was implemented for the period of 8 weeks followed by sustenance phase for 2 months.Results: Proportion of preterm infants on MOM increased from 10% to 81% during intervention phase at day 7 of admission and remained 66% during sustenance phase.Conclusion: QI initiative has the potential to bring a tremendous change in making mothers milk available to both inborn and out-born preterms. With existing resources simple interventions can increase availability of MOM to preterm infants.

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Dimitrova, Ralica, Sophie Arulkumaran, Olivia Carney, et al. "Phenotyping the Preterm Brain: Characterizing Individual Deviations From Normative Volumetric Development in Two Large Infant Cohorts." Cerebral Cortex 31, no. 8 (2021): 3665–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab039.

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Abstract The diverse cerebral consequences of preterm birth create significant challenges for understanding pathogenesis or predicting later outcome. Instead of focusing on describing effects common to the group, comparing individual infants against robust normative data offers a powerful alternative to study brain maturation. Here we used Gaussian process regression to create normative curves characterizing brain volumetric development in 274 term-born infants, modeling for age at scan and sex. We then compared 89 preterm infants scanned at term-equivalent age with these normative charts, relating individual deviations from typical volumetric development to perinatal risk factors and later neurocognitive scores. To test generalizability, we used a second independent dataset comprising of 253 preterm infants scanned using different acquisition parameters and scanner. We describe rapid, nonuniform brain growth during the neonatal period. In both preterm cohorts, cerebral atypicalities were widespread, often multiple, and varied highly between individuals. Deviations from normative development were associated with respiratory support, nutrition, birth weight, and later neurocognition, demonstrating their clinical relevance. Group-level understanding of the preterm brain disguises a large degree of individual differences. We provide a method and normative dataset that offer a more precise characterization of the cerebral consequences of preterm birth by profiling the individual neonatal brain.

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Kwinta, Przemko, and Jacek Józef Pietrzyk. "Preterm birth and respiratory disease in later life." Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine 4, no. 5 (2010): 593–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/ers.10.59.

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14

Catov, Janet M., Anne B. Newman, James M. Roberts, et al. "Preterm Delivery and Later Maternal Cardiovascular Disease Risk." Epidemiology 18, no. 6 (2007): 733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3181567f96.

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15

Beckwith, Leila, and Sarale E. Cohen. "Maternal responsiveness with preterm infants and later competency." New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 1989, no. 43 (1989): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219894308.

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16

Morley, Ruth. "The influence of early diet on later development." Journal of Biosocial Science 28, no. 4 (1996): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000022549.

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SummaryThe possibility that early nutrition has long term consequences in man has been much debated. There have been limited opportunities to perform formal randomised studies on the effect of early nutrition in man and many studies have been flawed by problems with study design. Infants born preterm are a special group. At the start of this study in 1982 evidence on which to base choice of diet was inconsistent and related only to short term outcome, and diets available for such babies differed greatly in nutrient content. In this group it was both ethical and practical to conduct a formal, randomised trial of early diet and outcome and the results were clearly needed for management decisions.A long term prospective outcome study was undertaken on 926 preterm infants randomly assigned to the diet received in the neonatal period. Surviving children have been followed at 9 months, 18 months and now 7½–8 years of age. The findings suggest that children fed a nutrient supplemented preterm formula perform better than those fed a standard formula milk, and also that human milk may contain factors which promote brain growth or development. Outcome data from the randomised trials show that a very brief period of dietary manipulation (on average for the first 4 weeks of life) influences later development.

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Vrselja, Amanda, J. Jane Pillow, and M. Jane Black. "Effect of Preterm Birth on Cardiac and Cardiomyocyte Growth and the Consequences of Antenatal and Postnatal Glucocorticoid Treatment." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 17 (2021): 3896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10173896.

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Preterm birth coincides with a key developmental window of cardiac growth and maturation, and thus has the potential to influence long-term cardiac function. Individuals born preterm have structural cardiac remodelling and altered cardiac growth and function by early adulthood. The evidence linking preterm birth and cardiovascular disease in later life is mounting. Advances in the perinatal care of preterm infants, such as glucocorticoid therapy, have improved survival rates, but at what cost? This review highlights the short-term and long-term impact of preterm birth on the structure and function of the heart and focuses on the impact of antenatal and postnatal glucocorticoid treatment on the immature preterm heart.

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Behrman, D., M. Broadfoot, P. Buchanan, et al. "Early diet in preterm babies and later intelligence quotient." BMJ 318, no. 7198 (1999): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7198.1625.

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Kawai, Masahiko. "Reevaluation of Protein Intake for Preterm Infants." American Journal of Perinatology 35, no. 12 (2018): 1138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1645859.

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AbstractGrowth failure caused by undernutrition is considered one of the major causes for psychomotor delay in extremely preterm infants, and the concept for “aggressive nutritional approach” is widely accepted worldwide. Based on this, postnatal early catch-up growth due to sufficient supply of nutrients including sufficient amounts of amino acids is believed to be essential for a better outcome; however, there is no definitive evidence of aggressive nutrition on better outcomes in mortality, growth, and neurodevelopment. On the contrary, epidemiological evidence suggests that low birth weight and a rapid catch-up growth after birth are major risk factors for insulin resistance and diabetes in later life; higher protein intake during postnatal period relates to higher cardiovascular risk in later life. Considering these, optimal nutrition, especially protein administration, should be reevaluated. In this review, current opinions on the nutrition for the preterm infants are surveyed. In addition, I propose a new concept for optimized protein amount for the preterm infants based on the difference of amino acid metabolism between fetuses and preterm infants.

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El-Gharib, M. N., M. M. Nassar, M. T. Elabyary, T. M. Elhawary, and S. H. Elshourbagy. "Link between Periodontal Diseases, Inflammatory Markers and Preterm Low Birth Weight Infants." Clinical Medicine Insights: Reproductive Health 4 (January 2010): CMRH.S5886. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmrh.s5886.

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Objective To scrutinize the assumed association between chronic periodontal disease and preterm low birth weight (PTLB) infants. Design Prospective study. Setting Tanta University Hospital. Patients The study incorporated 200 pregnant women in the first stage of labor of a single baby with intact membranes. A hundred women had definite preterm labor and delivered, later live infants whose birth weight were < 2500 g and 100 women with full term labor and delivered, later live infants weighting ≥2500 g. Intervention All patients included in the study were subjected to history taking, general, obstetrical examination and periodontal evaluation. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were measured in gingival cervicular fluid, maternal serum and amniotic fluid using ELISA technique. Results A significant association between chronic periodontal disease and preterm low birth weight infants. Conclusion Screening of pregnant women chronic periodontal disease seems to be a helpful prediction and consequently prevention of preterm labour.

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Pérez-Pereira, Miguel. "Prevalence of Language Delay among Healthy Preterm Children, Language Outcomes and Predictive Factors." Children 8, no. 4 (2021): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8040282.

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Language delay (LD) and its relationship with later language impairment in preterm children is a topic of major concern. Previous studies comparing LD in preterm (PT) and full-term (FT) children were mainly carried out with samples of extremely preterm and very preterm children (sometimes with additional medical problems). Very few of them were longitudinal studies, which is essential to understand developmental relationships between LD and later language impairment. In this study, we compare the prevalence of LD in low-risk preterm children to that of FT children in a longitudinal design ranging from 10 to 60 months of age. We also analyze which variables are related to a higher risk of LD at 22, 30 and 60 months of age. Different language tests were administered to three groups of preterm children of different gestational ages and to one group of full-term children from the ages of 10 to 60 months. ANOVA comparisons between groups and logistic regression analyses to identify possible predictors of language delay at 22, 30 and 60 months of age were performed. The results found indicate that there were practically no differences between gestational age groups. Healthy PT children, therefore, do not have, in general terms, a higher risk of language delay than FT children. Previous language delay and cognitive delay are the strongest and longest-lasting predictors of later language impairment. Other factors, such as a scarce use of gestures at 10 months or male gender, affect early LD at 22 months of age, although their effect disappears as children grow older. Low maternal education appears to have a late effect. Gestational age does not have any significant effect on the appearance of LD.

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Sardar, Syamal Kumar, and Somnath Pal. "Profile of retinopathy of prematurity in late preterm newborn in a district level special newborn care unit of Eastern India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 1 (2018): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20185202.

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Background: The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence, severity and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in late preterm newborn at a district level SNCU in eastern India.Methods: The initial examination was carried out at 3 weeks of postnatal age or at 31weeks of post-conceptional age, whichever was later. Retinopathy was graded into stages and zones as per the ICROP classification. Those who had ROP were examined every week till regression occurred or till they reached criteria for laser treatment which was type I Prethreshold ROP as per ET ROP guideline. Risk factors for the development of ROP were determined by reviewing maternal and perinatal history and hospital case records.Results: 212 late ptreterm newborn were examined. The incidence of ROP in late preterm was 16.51% (35 out of 212 newborn). Incidence of stage I ROP was 6.60 % (14 newborn had stage I ROP). Incidence of stage II ROP was 6.60% (14 had stage II ROP). None had stage III ROP. 7 had APROP. Incidence of APROP was 3.30 %. 5 out of 14 newborns with stage II ROP (35.71%) required laser treatment. All newborn with APROP required both laser and Anti VEGF treatment. Overall 34.28% of late preterm with ROP required treatment. There was no difference in gestational age and birth weight in late preterm with and without ROP. There was significant difference in the duration of oxygen therapy in late preterm with and without ROP (6.657±2.531days vs 0.694±1.397 days, p<0.001). In stepwise logistic regression analysis-use and duration of oxygen, birth asphyxia and anemia were found to be significant risk factors of ROP in late preterm.Conclusions: ROP is common in late preterm newborn in developing country like India.

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Finken, Martijn J. J., Bibian van der Voorn, Jonneke J. Hollanders, et al. "Programming of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by Very Preterm Birth." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 70, no. 3 (2017): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000456040.

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Background: Many very preterm (i.e., <32 weeks of gestation) newborns fail to mount an adequate adrenocortical response to stress or illness, termed relative adrenal insufficiency. Conversely, later in life these infants show features of increased glucocorticoid bioactivity, such as abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, raised blood pressure, shorter stature and internalizing problem behavior. Summary: Studies suggested that very preterm newborns have impairments along multiple levels of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Among the impairment were defects in: (1) the pituitary responsiveness to exogenous corticotropin-releasing hormone, (2) 11β-hydroxylase activity, and (3) the interconversion between cortisol and inert cortisone. There is some evidence suggesting that later in life these infants have an increased basal secretion rate of cortisol and adrenal hyperandrogenism. However, the response to acute (psychosocial) stress was blunted rather than enhanced in them. The mechanisms explaining this switch in HPA axis activity are complex and not yet fully understood. Key Messages: Very preterm newborns have several impairments along the HPA axis that could impede an adequate adrenocortical response to stress or illness. Later in life, these infants are predisposed to increased HPA axis activity, which could partially explain their phenotype.

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Fewtrell, Mary S. "Does early nutrition program later bone health in preterm infants?" American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 94, suppl_6 (2011): 1870S—1873S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.110.000844.

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Lapillonne, Alexandre, and Ian J. Griffin. "Feeding Preterm Infants Today for Later Metabolic and Cardiovascular Outcomes." Journal of Pediatrics 162, no. 3 (2013): S7—S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.11.048.

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Embleton, Nicholas, and Claire L. Wood. "Growth, bone health, and later outcomes in infants born preterm." Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) 90, no. 6 (2014): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedp.2014.08.004.

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Embleton, Nicholas, and Claire L. Wood. "Growth, bone health, and later outcomes in infants born preterm." Jornal de Pediatria 90, no. 6 (2014): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2014.08.002.

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Beckwith, Leila, and Arthur H. Parmelee. "EEG Patterns of Preterm Infants, Home Environment, and Later IQ." Child Development 57, no. 3 (1986): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1130354.

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Hack, Maureen. "Perinatal Brain Injury in Preterm Infants and Later Neurobehavioral Function." JAMA 284, no. 15 (2000): 1973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.284.15.1973.

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Beauchamp, M. H., D. K. Thompson, K. Howard, et al. "Preterm infant hippocampal volumes correlate with later working memory deficits." Brain 131, no. 11 (2008): 2986–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn227.

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Lucas, A., R. Morley, G. J. Hudson, et al. "Early sodium intake and later blood pressure in preterm infants." Archives of Disease in Childhood 63, no. 6 (1988): 656–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.63.6.656.

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Kidokoro, Hiroyuki, Akihisa Okumura, Toru Kato, et al. "Mild oliguria in preterm infants who later developed periventricular leukomalacia." Brain and Development 29, no. 3 (2007): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2006.07.010.

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Bos, Arend F. "Early neuromotor performance and later cognition in children born preterm." Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 63, no. 8 (2021): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.14901.

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FOSTER-COHEN, SUSAN, JAMIE O. EDGIN, PATRICIA R. CHAMPION, and LIANNE J. WOODWARD. "Early delayed language development in very preterm infants: Evidence from the MacArthur-Bates CDI." Journal of Child Language 34, no. 3 (2007): 655–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000907008070.

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ABSTRACTThis study examined the effects of being born very preterm on children's early language development using prospective longitudinal data from a representative regional cohort of 90 children born very preterm (gestational age <33 weeks and/or birth weight <1,500 grams) and a comparison sample of 102 children born full term (gestational age 38–41 weeks). The MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Sentences (CDI-WS) was used to assess children's language development at age 2 ; 0 (corrected for gestational age at birth). Clear linear relationships were found between gestational age at birth and later language outcomes, with decreasing gestational age being associated with poorer parent-reported language skills. Specifically, children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks' gestation) tended to perform less well than those born very preterm (28–32 weeks' gestation), who in turn performed worse than children born full term (38–41 weeks' gestation). This pattern of findings was evident across a range of outcomes spanning vocabulary size and quality of word use, as well as morphological and syntactic complexity. Importantly, associations between gestational age at birth and language outcomes persisted after statistical control for child and family factors correlated with both preterm birth and language development. These findings demonstrate the presence of pervasive delays in the early language development of children born very preterm. They also highlight the importance of gestational age in predicting later language risk in this population of infants.

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O'Connell, Jessica, Emily Miller, and Allie Sakowicz. "Is Midtrimester Cervical Length Associated with Preterm Birth in Women Evaluated for Preterm Labor?" American Journal of Perinatology 35, no. 03 (2017): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606608.

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Objective This article aims to evaluate whether midtrimester cervical length (CL) is associated with improved prediction of preterm delivery in women presenting with preterm labor. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of women with a singleton gestation who underwent routine CL screening between 18 and 24 weeks of gestation between 2010 and 2014 who were later evaluated for preterm labor. Women were stratified by midtrimester CL quartile. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with preterm birth <37 weeks, <34 weeks, and delivery within 7 days of evaluation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created for multivariable equations with and without CL quartile to determine whether addition of CL improved the predictive capacity of the model for predicting preterm birth. Results A total of 460 women were evaluated for preterm labor and had midtrimester CL measurements available. When CL quartile was incorporated into a regression model including demographic and clinical characteristics associated with preterm birth, the area under the ROC curve was not improved (0.775 vs. 0.786, p = 0.20). Conclusion While a shorter midtrimester CL quartile is associated with an increased incidence of preterm delivery in women evaluated for preterm labor, the addition of this variable to an existing model does not improve prediction of preterm birth.

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Bloomfield, Frank H. "Impact of prematurity for pancreatic islet and beta-cell development." Journal of Endocrinology 238, no. 3 (2018): R161—R171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-18-0021.

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As increasing numbers of babies born preterm survive into adulthood, it is becoming clear that, in addition to the well-described risks of neurodevelopmental sequelae, there also are increased risks for non-communicable diseases, including diabetes. Epidemiological studies indicate that risks are increased even for birth at late preterm and early term gestations and for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Thus, factors related to preterm birth likely affect development of the fetal and neonatal beta-cell in addition to effects on peripheral insulin sensitivity. These factors could operate prior to preterm birth and be related to the underlying cause of preterm birth, to the event of being born preterm itself, to the postnatal care of the preterm neonate or to a combination of these exposures. Experimental evidence indicates that factors may be operating during all these critical periods to contribute to altered development of beta-cell mass in those born preterm. Greater understanding of how these factors impact upon development of the pancreas may lead to interventions or management approaches that mitigate the increased risk of later diabetes.

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Dahl, Mar Janna, Sydney Bowen, Toshio Aoki, et al. "Former-preterm lambs have persistent alveolar simplification at 2 and 5 months corrected postnatal age." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 315, no. 5 (2018): L816—L833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00249.2018.

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Preterm birth and mechanical ventilation (MV) frequently lead to bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the histopathological hallmark of which is alveolar simplification. How developmental immaturity and ongoing injury, repair, and remodeling impact completion of alveolar formation later in life is not known, in part because of lack of suitable animal models. We report a new model, using former-preterm lambs, to test the hypothesis that they will have persistent alveolar simplification later in life. Moderately preterm lambs (~85% gestation) were supported by MV for ~6 days before being transitioned from all respiratory support to become former-preterm lambs. Results are compared with term control lambs that were not ventilated, and between males (M) and females (F). Alveolar simplification was quantified morphometrically and stereologically at 2 mo (4 M, 4 F) or 5 mo (4 M, 6 F) corrected postnatal age (cPNA) compared with unventilated, age-matched term control lambs (4 M, 4 F per control group). These postnatal ages in sheep are equivalent to human postnatal ages of 1–2 yr and ~6 yr, respectively. Multivariable linear regression results showed that former-preterm lambs at 2 or 5 mo cPNA had significantly thicker distal airspace walls ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.009, respectively), lower volume density of secondary septa ( P < 0.007 and P < 0.001, respectively), and lower radial alveolar count ( P < 0.003 and P < 0.020, respectively) compared with term control lambs. Sex-specific differences were not detected. We conclude that moderate preterm birth and MV for ~6 days impedes completion of alveolarization in former-preterm lambs. This new model provides the opportunity to identify underlying pathogenic mechanisms that may reveal treatment approaches.

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Vatten, Lars J., Tom I. L. Nilsen, Anders Juul, Stig Jeansson, Pål A. Jenum, and Anne Eskild. "Changes in circulating level of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-1 from the first to second trimester as predictors of preeclampsia." European Journal of Endocrinology 158, no. 1 (2008): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-07-0386.

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ObjectiveTo assess whether circulating IGF-I and IGF-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in the first and second trimester are associated with subsequent risk of preterm and term preeclampsia.MethodsNested case–control study within a cohort of 29 948 pregnant women. Cases were women, who later developed preeclampsia, and controls were randomly selected women, who did not develop preeclampsia. IGF-I and IGFBP-1 were measured with ELISA in maternal blood samples that were collected in the first and second trimesters. We assessed associations of IGF-I and IGFBP-1 concentrations with later development of preterm (before the 37th week of gestation) and term preeclampsia.ResultsAn increase in IGF-I from the first to second trimester was associated with higher risk of preterm preeclampsia; the odds ratio (OR) for the highest compared with lowest quartile of increase was 4.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.1–21.8). Low concentrations of IGFBP-1, both in the first and in the second trimesters, were related to higher risk of term preeclampsia (OR 4.0, 95% confidence interval, 1.9–8.4) and moderately increased risk of preterm preeclampsia (OR 2.3, 95% confidence interval, 1.2–4.4).ConclusionThe higher risk of preterm preeclampsia related to IGF-I increase may reflect placental disease, whereas low concentrations of IGFBP-1 associated with term preeclampsia may reflect maternal metabolic aberrations, indicating different etiologies in preeclampsia.

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Gupta, Naveen Parkash, ,. Abishek, Chetnanand Jha, Saurabh Gupta, and Kavita Khanijo. "A Stormy Course in a Preemie Secondary to Esophageal Perforation: A Case Report." Journal of Neonatal Surgery 8, no. 2 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47338/jns.v8.346.

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Preterm newborns have various problems owing to immaturity of various organs especially lungs. In addition to prematurely developed organs, added injuries of other organs can worsen the prognosis. A preterm 33-week SGA baby had several pneumothoraces in first week of life on both right and left side, addressed by tube thoracostomy. Later on, it was identified that an iatrogenic/spontaneous esophageal perforation presumably caused multiple pneumothoraces.

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Bansal, Amita, Frank H. Bloomfield, Kristin L. Connor та ін. "Glucocorticoid-Induced Preterm Birth and Neonatal Hyperglycemia Alter Ovine β-Cell Development". Endocrinology 156, № 10 (2015): 3763–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1095.

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Adults born preterm are at increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. Late gestation fetuses exposed to high blood glucose concentration also are at increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance as adults. Preterm babies commonly become hyperglycemic and are thus exposed to high blood glucose concentration at an equivalent stage of pancreatic maturation. It is not known whether preterm birth itself, or complications of prematurity, such as hyperglycemia, alter later pancreatic function. To distinguish these, we made singleton preterm lambs hyperglycemic (HYPER) for 12 days after birth with a dextrose infusion and compared them with vehicle-treated preterm and term controls and with HYPER lambs made normoglycemic with an insulin infusion. Preterm birth reduced β-cell mass, apparent by 4 weeks after term and persisting to adulthood (12 mo), and was associated with reduced insulin secretion at 4 months (juvenile) and reduced insulin mRNA expression in adulthood. Hyperglycemia in preterm lambs further down-regulated key pancreatic gene expression in adulthood. These findings indicate that reduced β-cell mass after preterm birth may be an important factor in increased risk of diabetes after preterm birth and may be exacerbated by postnatal hyperglycemia.

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HENRIKSON, Brenna, Amanda SEIDL, and Melanie SODERSTROM. "Perception of sibilant–liquid phonotactic frequency in full-term and preterm infants." Journal of Child Language 47, no. 4 (2019): 893–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000919000825.

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AbstractWe examined full-term and preterm infants’ perception of frequent and infrequent phonotactic pairings involving sibilants and liquids. Infants were tested on their preference for syllables with onsets involving /s/ or /ʃ/ followed by /l/ or /r/ using the Headturn Preference Procedure. Full-term infants preferred the frequent to the infrequent phonotactic pairings at 9 months, but not at either younger or older ages. Evidence was inconclusive regarding a possible difference between full-term and preterm samples; however, limitations on the preterm sample size limited our power to detect differences. Preference for the frequent pairing was not related to later vocabulary development.

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Ciana, G., M. C. Fertz, V. Pecile, and S. Demarini. "Premature Birth with Complicated Perinatal Course Delaying Diagnosis of Prader-Willi Syndrome." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2011 (2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/981941.

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Prader-Willi syndrome in the newborn is essentially characterized by marked hypotonia, feeding difficulties, hypogonadism, and possible characteristic facial features. However, diagnosis at this age may be particularly difficult, and dysmorphic features may be subtle or absent. Prematurity can furthermore delay clinical features recognition and typical complications due to preterm birth may contribute to divert the diagnosis. We describe a preterm baby with a complicated perinatal course later diagnosed as PWS.

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Poplawska, Karolina, Karolina Dudek, Maja Koziarz, et al. "Prematurity-Related Hypertension in Children and Adolescents." International Journal of Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/537936.

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Due to the functional and structural immaturity of different organ systems, preterms have a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. The prevention and treatment of the complications of prematurity is a major challenge in perinatal health care. Recently, there have been several multicenter research trials analysing the impact of prematurity or low birth weight on the health problems of children and adolescents. Many of these studies deal with the issue of pediatric hypertension. An analysis of 15 studies conducted in the years 1998–2011, in which blood pressure values in ex-preterm children were measured, was performed. Comparison was based on several issues: measurement method, cohorts age, size, and birthweight. It has been proven that hypertension occurs more often in former preterm infants; however the etiologic pathways that cause this condition still remain unclear. Moreover, pediatric hypertension is a significant problem, because of its transformation into adult hypertension and increased cardiovascular risk later in life. Therefore it is crucial to introduce wide-spread screening and detection of elevated blood pressure, especially among prematurely born children.

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Crump, Casey, Jan Sundquist, and Kristina Sundquist. "Preterm Delivery and Long-Term Risk of Stroke in Women: A National Cohort and Cosibling Study." Circulation 143, no. 21 (2021): 2032–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.120.052268.

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Background: Stroke has a high burden of disease in women, and adverse pregnancy outcomes have been identified as important risk factors for stroke later in life. However, long-term risks of stroke associated with preterm delivery and whether such risks are attributable to familial confounding are unclear. Such knowledge is needed to improve long-term risk assessment and stroke prevention in women. Methods: A national cohort study was conducted of all 2 188 043 women with a singleton delivery in Sweden in 1973 through 2015 who were followed up for stroke identified from nationwide diagnoses through 2015. Cox regression was used to compute adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for stroke associated with pregnancy duration, and cosibling analyses assessed for confounding by shared familial (genetic or environmental) factors. Results: In 48.0 million person-years of follow-up, 36 372 (1.7%) women were diagnosed with stroke. In the 10 years after delivery, the aHR for stroke associated with preterm delivery (gestational age <37 weeks) was 1.61 (95% CI, 1.45–1.79) and further stratified was 2.81 (95% CI, 2.02–3.91) for extremely preterm (22–27 weeks), 2.07 (95% CI, 1.74–2.46) for very preterm (28–33 weeks), 1.38 (95% CI, 1.21–1.57) for late preterm (34–36 weeks), and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.06–1.24) for early term (37–38 weeks), compared with full-term (39–41 weeks) delivery. These risks remained similarly elevated at 10 to 19 years after delivery (preterm versus full-term: aHR, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.50–1.74]) and then declined but remained significantly elevated at 20 to 29 years (aHR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.28–1.44]) and 30 to 43 years (aHR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.27–1.42]). Preterm delivery was associated with both hemorrhagic (aHR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.25–1.38]) and ischemic (aHR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.47–1.61]) stroke across the entire follow-up period (up to 43 years). These findings were not explained by shared determinants of preterm delivery and stroke within families. Stroke risks were higher after either spontaneous or medically indicated preterm delivery, and recurrent preterm delivery was associated with further increases in risk. Conclusions: In this large national cohort, preterm delivery was associated with higher future risks of both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. These associations remained substantially elevated at least 40 years later, and were largely independent of covariates and shared familial factors. Preterm delivery should be recognized as a risk factor for stroke in women across the life course.

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Assal-Zrike, Shuaa, Kyla Marks, and Naama Atzaba-Poria. "Maternal Emotional Distress Following the Birth of a Preterm Baby: The Case of Bedouin Mothers Living in Southern Israel." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 52, no. 6 (2021): 553–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220221211033991.

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Mothers of preterm infants are at higher risk for postpartum emotional distress (PPED). In this study, we investigated PPED among Bedouin mothers, an ethnic minority group living in Israel. Our aim was to understand how maternal acculturation style and birth order were related to mothers’ PPED following a premature birth. Three hundred twenty-one Bedouin mothers and their babies (preterm: n = 66; full-term: n = 255) participated in the study. Data were collected in the maternity ward and the NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) of a large general hospital in Southern Israel providing medical care to all populations in the southern region. Mothers completed questionnaires on maternal postpartum depression and anxiety. Additionally, maternal acculturation style was assessed using the acculturation questionnaire and information on child birth order. Mothers of preterm infants indicated having more symptoms of PPED than mothers of full-term infants. Additionally, both maternal acculturation style as well as birth order (i.e., whether the preterm was first- or later-born) were found to act as moderators in the link between prematurity and PPED. Specifically, we found that among the preterm group, low levels of Westernized acculturation style and the birth of a preterm infant who was later-born predicted higher levels of PPED. Our findings indicate that ethnicity, acculturation, and birth order are important variables that need to be considered when studying PPED and premature birth. Results highlight the fact that mothers from an ethnic minority group who have had a premature birth are at higher risk for experiencing PPED. However, individual differences emerged when examining maternal acculturation style and birth order. Culturally—informed clinical implications are proposed.

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Rayyan, Maissa, Taher Omari, Gunnar Naulaers, Raf Aerts, Karel Allegaert, and Nathalie Rommel. "Maturation of Esophageal Motility and Esophagogastric Junction in Preterm Infants." Neonatology 117, no. 4 (2020): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000506481.

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Background: Preterm infants commonly present with oral feeding problems. The role of maturation of esophageal bolus transport mechanisms herein remains unclear. Objectives: To characterize esophageal motility and function of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) during deglutitive swallowing in healthy preterm infants and to describe maturational changes. Methods: Four consecutive high-resolution manometry studies with impedance studies were performed weekly to investigate esophageal motility and EGJ function. Esophageal pressure topography and pressure-impedance metrics were derived. Mixed models with repeated measures were used for statistical analysis. Results: We analyzed 137 nutritive swallows from 36 motility studies in 10 preterm infants. The mean gestational age was 30.17 ± 0.94 weeks; the mean postmenstrual age at time point 1 and 4 was 34.42 ± 0.86 and 37.45 ± 1.16 weeks, respectively. Esophageal peristaltic wave patterns in response to nutritive swallows were observed in all patients. At later time points, esophageal body peristalsis became more rapid, evidenced by a faster distal contractile velocity and shorter distal latency (p = 0.002 and p &#x3c; 0.0001, respectively). In addition, 4-s integrated relaxation pressures increased and distal contractile integral decreased at later time points (p = 0.003 and p = 0.021, respectively). Bolus clearance also improved at later age (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Preterm infants demonstrate peristaltic esophageal motility following nutritive swallows. However, alterations in esophageal bolus transport in relation to peristalsis are demonstrated. Peristaltic progression becomes more rapid, while deglutitive relaxation pressures increase with increasing age. These maturational changes may suggest further development of the enteric nervous system after birth in former preterm neonates.

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Holanda, Manoel R. R., and Áurea N. de Melo. "Comparative clinical study of preterm and full-term newborn neonatal seizures." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 64, no. 1 (2006): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2006000100010.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the characteristics of neonatal seizures between preterm and full-term infants in intensive care unit. METHOD: A prospective study was developed with 104 high-risk newborn, 30 preterm and 74 full-term infants, with clinical seizures. The dependent variable was gestational age. Statistical analyses: Fisher's exact test, odds-ratio and Mann Witney U test. RESULTS: There were significant differences (p<0.05): i) premature neonates develop neonatal seizures later, probably related to the etiologies of the seizures; ii) etiologically, there is a predominance of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm and of asphyxia in full term neonates; iii) clonic seizures are most frequent in preterm and subtle seizures in full term neonates. CONCLUSION: Although the study had a clinical basis, it was possible to identify differences when the dependent variable was gestational age.

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Harding, J. E., J. G. B. Derraik, M. J. Berry, et al. "Optimum feeding and growth in preterm neonates." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 4, no. 3 (2013): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174412000736.

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Approximately 10% of all babies worldwide are born preterm, and preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal mortality in developed countries. Although preterm birth is associated with adverse short- and long-term health outcomes, it is not yet clear whether this relationship is causal. Rather, there is evidence that reduced foetal growth, preterm birth and the long-term health effects of both of these may all arise from a suboptimal intrauterine environment. Further, most infants born preterm also experience suboptimal postnatal growth, with potential adverse effects on long-term health and development. A number of interventions are used widely in the neonatal period to optimise postnatal growth and development. These commonly include supplementation with macronutrients and/or micronutrients, all of which have potential short-term risks and benefits for the preterm infant, whereas the long-term health consequences are largely unknown. Importantly, more rapid postnatal growth trajectory (and the interventions required to achieve this) may result in improved neurological outcomes at the expense of increased cardiovascular risk in later life.

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Wolke, Dieter, Nicole Baumann, Barbara Busch, and Peter Bartmann. "Very Preterm Birth and Parents’ Quality of Life 27 Years Later." Pediatrics 140, no. 3 (2017): e20171263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-1263.

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Rand, Katherine M., Nicola C. Austin, Terrie E. Inder, Samudragupta Bora, and Lianne J. Woodward. "Neonatal Infection and Later Neurodevelopmental Risk in the Very Preterm Infant." Journal of Pediatrics 170 (March 2016): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.11.017.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Later preterm'

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