Academic literature on the topic 'Lateral displacement Storey drift'
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Journal articles on the topic "Lateral displacement Storey drift"
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Adhau, Janhvi B. "Evaluating The Structural Performance of Soft Storey’s Through the Use of Haunches." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 05 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem47962.
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Abstract :-The research paper examines the seismic behavior of buildings with soft storeys, which are high-rise structures where the ground floor is open, often for parking. These soft storey create significant changes in the building’s lateral stiffness and strength, impacting the building’s performance during earthquakes. The study focuses on understanding how soft storeys affect seismic parameters such as storey drift, displacement, base shear, and storey overturning moments. The research evaluates buildings with soft storeys at different levels, using the Equivalent Static Method and seismic analysis through ETABS. It finds that shifting the soft storey to higher floors reduces displacement, and different structural systems can help reduce lateral displacement and story drift. The paper aims to assess the effects of soft storeys in various earthquake zones and with different column shapes. Keywords: Soft Storey, ETABS, Storey Drift, Equivalent Static Method, Response Reduction Factor.
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Suresh Kannan, S. "Seismic Analysis of Soft Storey Building in Earthquake Zones." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1130, no. 1 (2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1130/1/012023.
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Abstract In this paper (G+8) building is modeled like a bare frame, a bare frame with the shear wall, and a bare frame with X bracing by changing the soft storey to different floors. The static analysis effect is determined for all three models with zone IV and zone V using Staad pro-V8i software. The main objective of the research was to assess the impact of a soft storey in various earthquake zones and by varying places of the soft storey from first to the top floor and for frames with different column shapes by seismic analyses in staad pro. The results of variable building models are obtained from the research regarding various parameters such as displacement, storey drift, and base shear. More significantly, comparing different structural systems revealed a reduction in lateral displacement and story drift. The shear wall reduced the Storey Displacement by 98.838% and storey drift by 99.86%. The Steel bracing reduced the Storey Displacement by 97.846 % and storey drift by 92.6%. Finally, it has been found that the Shear wall reduces lateral displacement and storey drift, thus significantly contributing to greater structural stiffness. The analysis results recommended that the shear wall use reinforced concrete frames for the seismic hazard zones and the Steel bracing recommended for the low seismic zones.
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ISHANT, DAHAT, and AUTADE PANKAJ.B. "ANALYSIS OF LATERAL LOAD ON DIFFERENT ORIENTATION OF SHEAR WALL." JournalNX - A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal 2, no. 12 (2017): 77–81. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1466817.
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This study describes mathematical study and relation between wind and earthquake and its effects on building as a whole with respect of Lateral force and Storey shear for different orientation of shear wall. The Effect of Storey drift and storey displacement is also estimated in study. Earthquake Lateral force, Storey Shear, Storey Drift and Storey Displacement are analyzed for Seismic zone factor II. https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150153
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K, RAGHU, and SS Anagha. "COMPARITIVE STUDY OF MULTISTOREY BUILDING SUBJECTED TO WIND AND SEISMIC LOADS ACCORDING TO INDIAN STANDARDS." International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 9, no. 1 (2022): 281–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7483411.
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In modern day situation, increase in population growth has resulted in the requirement of shelter. Hence, the construction of multistoreyed buildings has increased. For durable construction, the study of impact of wind and seismic loads on the structure becomes compulsory. In this present study, a comparison of wind and seismic for a G+8 multistorey building was analyzed by using ETABS v 18.1.1 software. The effect of lateral forces are determined by the parameters such as storey displacement, storey drift and storey shear etc.
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Bisane, Siddhesh. "Influence of Shear Wall on Seismic Response of a Structure." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (2021): 1054–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38129.
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Abstract: Structural analysis is the science of determining the effects of different loads on structures. Structural stability and stiffness are a main concern in any high-rise structures. Shear walls are structural members that are mainly responsible for resisting lateral loads predominant on structures. They are mainly responsible to increase the stiffness, reduce story drift and displacement. In order to have a comprehensive understanding about the contribution of shear wall, following research is carried out. This research involves comparing two G+16 structures; one without a shear wall and one with it. The structure has 4 bays of 3m each along X direction and Z direction. In this, we will see how shear wall resists lateral sway and reduces story drift and increases stiffness. As the height increases, the shear wall absorbs more lateral load than the frame. The software to be used for analysis is STAADPro. Keywords: STAADPro, Stiffness, storey displacement, storey drift.
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Gaddamwar, Palash Gajanan. "Comparative Study of RCC Structure of different types by using Shear Wall, Damper & Bracing System." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem34382.
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In seismically active places, earthquake restrictions would provide a difficulty to the majority of multistory buildings. The fundamental issue in the design of the multi-story building is lateral stability, which is required to control lateral drift and displacement, withstand lateral pressures, and avoid buckling. Reinforced concrete (RCC) structures usually utilise a damper, bracing, and shear wall system to mitigate the impacts of seismic activity. Both systems have significant structural performance. Despite the fact that both technologies are used for the same purposes, their effects and behaviour in response to seismic load differ. The G+12 storey building, shear wall and bracings will all be considered in this project's analysis. The following criteria will be used to evaluate the building's performance: base shear, storey displacement, and storey drift. This research includes dampers, shear walls, and bracings at various places, and the Etabs 2018 programme will be utilised for the entire analysis.
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Shilpa S and Navith K B. "Behavioural Study of Infill’s Walls on Soft Story Building." September 2021 7, no. 09 (2021): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst0709013.
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Open ground storey or soft storey is a typical feature in multistory structures in urban areas. This open storey is provided to accommodate parking, reception lobbies, office, communication hall etc. Many of structure having soft storey suffered major damage and collapsed in recent earthquakes. During an earthquake, because of variation in stiffness in soft story and its adjacent floors the inter story drift can occur and the lateral forces cannot be well distributed along the height of building. Lateral forces concentrate on soft story causes large displacement. In this work, an attempt has been made to observe the behavior of gradual decrease in stiffness of building, by using different types of infill material. This work discusses Optimum Earthquake response of tall buildings by response spectrum method as per IS 1893:2002 (Part- I) in ETAB’S software. Seismic parameters like storey stiffness and storey displacement are checked out.
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Assistant, Prof Patil Jaya Dr. P. M. Alandkar. "DRIFT ANALYSIS IN MULTISTORIED BUILDING." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 12 (2016): 490–505. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.203914.
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In Multistoried building design, lateral load ((i.e. wind or earthquake loads) are mainly responsible for drift which very often dictates in selection of structural system for high rid. To bring the maximum drift down to allowable limits, cross sectional of beams and columns have to increase in many case. For buildings having small number of storey, lateral load rarely affect of the building increase, the increase in size of structural members and possible rearrangements of the structure to account for lateral load. The lateral displacement in moment frames is the greatest among the other lateral load resisting systems investigated; the lateral displacement in dual frames is the least while the lateral displacement in shear wall systems is slightly higher than that of the dual system
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Shital, Salunkhe. "Analysis of Multi-Storied Buildings for Plan Irregularities by Using ETAB." Journal of Earthquake Science and Soil Dynamics Engineering 5, no. 3 (2023): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7550534.
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ETABS stands for three-dimensional analysis of building systems. ETABS is commonly used to analyze skyscrapers, concrete structure low- and high-rise buildings, this project mainly highlights for structural behavior of multi-story buildings with 2 different plan configurations like H shape and S shape modeling of 10-stories RCC framed buildings done on the ETABS software for analysis. Post-analysis of the structure included base shear, storey forces, story displacement, storey drift and then compared. The presence of irregularity in buildings is a matter of concern when it is subjected to devastating earthquakes. A rapid change in vertical or plan configuration in buildings inclines to fail the structure. To prevent failure and diminish the risk potential of irregular buildings, the responses of such buildings to horizontal loads have to be studied in detail. The responses of unstable structures are analyzed using Static linear analysis, the models are analyzed to study their effect as per IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016 codal provisions. The parameters considered in this study are story displacement, storey drift, and lateral displacement. The results of the irregular construction have conversed.
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Harshwardhan V. Gudape, S. K. Kulkarni, S. B. Javheri. "Analysis of Multi-Storied Buildings with the Use of Coupled Shear Walls." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 5 (2023): 668–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i5.2526.
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The present study focuses on the use of coupled shear walls with and without dampers for resisting seismic loads. Multistory structures with and without shear walls are analysed. Different parameters, such as the structure's base shear, storey drift, storey displacement, storey stiffness, and storey shear, are evaluated, and a comparative study is performed. It is observed that coupled shear walls with fluid viscous dampers reduce storey drift by 24% and storey displacement by 45% when compared to buildings without shear walls. A coupled shear wall with a damper has a 29% higher stiffness than a coupled shear wall without a damper, thus performing effectively in resisting lateral forces induced by an earthquake.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lateral displacement Storey drift"
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Erguner, Kamil. "Analytical Examination Of Performance Limits For Shear Critical Reinforced Concrete Columns." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611220/index.pdf.
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Most of the older reinforced concrete (RC) buildings have columns that are deficient
when the current code requirements are considered. Therefore, performance of the columns
determines the performance of the structure under the effects of earthquake induced lateral
loads. It is recognized that no provision is proposed in TEC2007 to estimate the failure type
called flexure-shear. Behavior of columns having probability of failing in flexure-shear
failure mode is mostly underestimated by TEC2007 procedures. In addition, failure type
classification of columns performed according to the linear and nonlinear procedures of
TEC2007 needs to be examined with respect to the test results to cover all failure types
including flexure-shear failure in order to lead the engineers develop economical and
realistic retrofit solutions.
In this study, different methods are explored to obtain reliable estimates for the
performance of code deficient shear critical RC columns. Special considerations are given to
Axial-Shear-Flexure interaction (ASFI) approach due to its mechanical background.
After examination of different approaches, ASFI method with proposed
modifications was selected as the most reliable model and lateral load-displacement analyses
were performed on a database of shear critical columns. Findings were compared with the
estimations of the nonlinear procedure given in Turkish Earthquake Code (TEC2007) for
database columns. In addition, drift capacity equations and simplified safe drift capacity
equations are proposed in light of statistical studies on the selected column specimens.
In the last part of the study, performance evaluation of columns according to
nonlinear procedures of FEMA 356, TEC2007, ASCE/SEI 41 update supplement, and
EUROCODE 8 were conducted.
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Hossain, Md Akhtar. "Modelling of semi interlocking masonry based on observed behaviour." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1410373.
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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>The Semi Interlocking Masonry (SIM) system is presently being developed in the Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability at The University of Newcastle, Australia. In seismic areas, SIM can be used in the form of framed mortarless engineered panels, which have significant energy dissipation capacity due to the sliding friction between units induced during an earthquake. The mortarless joints of SIM could be dry or could have some non-adhesive joint filler for improving SIM’s water resistance and thermal insulation. The main topic of this thesis concerns the study of the in-plane behaviour of SIM panels. The study is composed of three parts: a vast experimental part, carried out in the Civil Engineering Laboratory at The University of Newcastle; a numerical part, with the purpose of analyzing the frictional behaviour of SIM joints under constant pre-compression loading; and a theoretical part, to assess the feasibility of SIM panels in Australia. The experimental part of this study was organized in two main parts: experimental tests on bed joints in SIM, and experimental tests on full-scale SIM panels subjected to large in-plane lateral displacement. In this thesis, an experimental and numerical study was conducted to investigate the frictional capacities of three different mortarless SIM bed joint surfaces (dry surface, surface with linseed oil based putty, and surface with rubber foam tape). The investigation aimed to replicate realistic boundary conditions and loading regimes using a modified couplet shear test set-up. At first a triplet shear test was adopted to determine the frictional behaviour of SIM joints. However, it was found that the pre-compression level was fluctuating during cyclic loading. Following this, the couplet test, which is similar to the van der Pluijm test, was adopted, with the pre-compressions applied to the specimen by the static gravity load. The tests were designed to simulate the relative sliding of SIM units during earthquakes over the service life of a panel were used for comparison to dynamic frictional behaviour: 160 sliding cycles of ± 1mm relative displacement applied dynamically (100 mm/minute). In addition, 1 cycle of ±10 mm displacement was also applied statically (10 mm/minute). The load-displacement history was recorded. Three levels of pre-compression were applied to observe the effect on shear forces for different SIM bed joint surfaces. The shear force was highly influenced by the pre-compression, giving higher values for higher levels of pre-compression. The thesis reports the results of this testing program in terms of the friction coefficient (based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion) and the energy dissipation evolution for each type of joint. A micro finite element model was developed and validated against the experimental results. The predicted load-displacement hysteresis for different surfaces from the model were in good agreement with the experimental results for the static testing. However, the model cannot predict the load-displacement hysteresis for the dynamic testing. As the SIM system attempts to improve the earthquake performance of the framed structure by increasing the displacement ductility and the energy dissipation capacity of infill panels, it is essential to test the SIM panels under large cyclic in-plane displacement. The study focused on an experimental investigation of the displacement capacities of three different types of panels (panel with an open gap between the frame and top of the panel, panel with foam in the gap, panel with grout in the gap), made of two types of SIM units, under large cyclic in-plane displacement. This study provides a step forward towards a better understanding of the earthquake performance of SIM panels. A special steel testing frame with pin connections was built to test the SIM panels. The arrangement with the pin connections allows the application of in-plane displacement of up to 120 mm (storey drift 6%). Six full-scale SIM panels were constructed with joint filler and tested under the in-plane cyclic displacement. This study addresses the response of SIM panels to large displacements in terms of force-displacement behaviour, strength degradation, energy dissipation and displacement ductility. As SIM is a new masonry system, it is important to study the load-displacement behaviour. In this study, a new approach was developed to idealize the load-displacement response of SIM infill panels. The force-displacement response of SIM panels can be approximated by two equivalent bilinear relationships. The horizontal and vertical movement of the SIM units was recorded using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) every 10 seconds over approximately 8 hours of testing. It was found that the DIC displacement outputs has good agreement with displacements measured using traditional instrumentation, even at large displacements (up to 100 mm). The structural performance of the SIM panels was also analyzed and potential crack pattern and joint opening widths are quantified under large displacement by plotting the outputs from the DIC results. An analytical model was developed to assess the feasibility of using SIM panels in seismic regions of Australia. Two types of analytical models were developed for the SIM panel with open gap and the SIM panel with closed gap at top of the panel. The results from the analytical study were compared with the experimental results. It was found that the analytical model is capable of predicting the response of the SIM panels with open gap and SIM panels with closed gap. The results also show that the SIM infill panels are a viable alternative to traditional unreinforced masonry panels in seismic areas.
Book chapters on the topic "Lateral displacement Storey drift"
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Sharma, Anuradha, Reena Dagar, Pradeep Muley, and N. Madani Syed. "Evaluation of Displacement and Storey Drift for Multistoried Building Using Time History Analysis." In Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4590-4_73.
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Yagoub, Nouraldaim F. A., Aqdas Shehzad, Hikma Ally, and Xiuxin Wang. "Modeling Resilient Self-centering Concrete Walls with Repairable Structural Fuses to Predict Earthquake Performance." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4355-1_21.
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AbstractIn the last decades, earthquake-resilient structural systems have become popular in rocking structures and are considered a viable option for buildings in seismic regions. Self-centering concrete shear wall systems offer numerous benefits, including reduced seismic damage. Designing buildings, especially in areas with weak earthquakes, needs a simple damper for energy dissipation in terms of design, execution, and ease of removal after the seismic. Extensive experimental studies have demonstrated excellent seismic performance of the self-centering shear walls. However, the analytical models currently used still have some limitations for modeling the gap rocking behavior. This study presents a self-centering concrete wall with energy dissipation (ED) steel angle devices and evaluates it to achieve seismic-resilient building structures. The angle devices are externally installed on the wall corners to achieve controllable energy dissipation and are easily replaceable. The numerical study was performed using displacement control cyclic loading, and verification of the self-centering (SC) reinforced concrete RC wall was first introduced. Subsequently, five different configurations with different thicknesses of ED steel angles were investigated. The outcome demonstrates that the proposed system structure has excellent load-bearing capability, energy absorption, lower damage, and self-centering capability. In addition to improving the self-centering wall’s lateral stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation, increasing the angle damper thickness can also increase residual drift if it surpasses a certain threshold. Compared to rocking RC walls, the proposed RC walls offer a promising solution for low-performance structural systems required by resilient and sustainable civil infrastructure.
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Salsal Yousif, Mustafa, and Haran Pragalath D.C. "Pushover Analysis of Open Ground Storey (OGS) Coupled with Shear Wall Considering Infill Wall Stiffness – A Case Study." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220850.
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Open Ground Storey buildings (OGS) are commonly constructed in the UAE, since these buildings has some functional advantage as parking, shop etc. However, they can be a hazard during an earthquake. In this study, a real building located in Al Muraqqabatm Dubai is chosen. This building is a type of OGS building coupled with shearwall. To understand the behaviour and strength of buildings a non-linear Static Analysis (Pushover Analysis) is carried out to determine the force capacity by applying lateral load from different direction that will allows to evaluate the building beyond elastic range. Building frame were analysed, for bare frames and infilled frames. Seismostruct [1] software was used for analyses to understand as Lateral Displacement profile, Storey Shear, Storey Drift and Base-shear force, in a result to generate Capacity Curve for both frames.
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Khan, Mohd Mueez, Kiran Devi, Kaushal Sharma, Neeraj Verma, and Neeraj Saini. "Comparison of Tall Building G+30 Based on Shear Wall System and Dual system." In Computational Analysis of Buildings. Grinrey Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55084/grinrey/ert/978-81-964105-4-4_3.
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The construction of high-rise buildings has been significantly affected by the growth in urban population and the scarcity of available land. With an increase in building height, lateral loads significantly impact the design. When designing tall buildings, safety and minimal damage should come first so that they can withstand lateral stresses. The structure should have enough lateral strength, lateral stiffness, and ductility to achieve these requirements. Designers may decide to focus on shear wall systems or moment-resisting frame systems among the many structural systems. Examining and monitoring how these systems behave when there is a seismic influence is crucial. In the present study, seismic response of structural system at different seismic zones was analyzed. The seismic reaction was quantified in terms of time, the largest story displacement, largest story drift, required amount of steel and concrete. Regardless of the building height and seismic zones, results showed that a shear wall system was more effective in terms of cost and lateral load resistance. The goal of the present study was to compare the seismic behavior of two bare frame systems and assess the working of shear walls work with moment-resisting frames. Shear walls and bare frames are combined in the first model, while shear walls are absent in the second model and are analyzed statically and dynamically using ETABS 2020 software.
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B. K, Shruthi, S. Sangita Mishra, and Vedprakash Maralapalle. "A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF PLAN ASPECT RATIO ON SEISMIC RESPONSES OF RCC BUILDINGS USING ETABS." In Futuristic Trends in Construction Materials & Civil Engineering Volume 3 Book 5. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bjce5p1ch1.
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Seismic design is a critical aspect of constructing safe and resilient buildings in earthquake-prone regions. The layout and design of a building play a significant role in determining its behavior under seismic forces. The as pectratio, defined as the ratio of a building's width to its height, is an important parameter that affects its structural response during earthquakes. The placement of the core within the building is crucial as it directly impacts the distribution of lateral forces and stiffness of the structure. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the effects of plan aspect ratio on the seismic performance of RCC buildings. This study investigates the effects of plan aspect ratio on the seismic responses of rein forced concrete (RCC) buildings using ETABS software. The research aims to assess the impact of core placement in structures with different aspect ratios and analyze various parameters such as story drift, shear forces, and other relevant factors. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of how the placement of the core within a building influences its response to seismic loads. The results obtained from the analysis of the seismic responses of RCC buildings with different aspect ratios and core placements indicate significant variations in their behavior. Story 7consistently exhibits the highest displacement values in both the X and Y directions across different aspect ratios, suggesting that this story is more vulnerable to seismic loads. Aspect Ratio 1:1.5 and Story 4 generally demonstrate the lowest displacement values, indicating a more favorable response to seismic forces. Additionally, Story 1 exhibits the highest shear force, whereas Aspect Ratio 1:2 experiences the lowest shear force in Story 1. The maximum lateral load occurs in Aspect Ratio 1:1, while Story 7 experiences the highest lateral load in both directions. These findings emphasize the influence of core placement on the impact of seismic loads on the structure.
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Patel, Parvez, and Professor Nadeem Pasha. "ANALYSIS OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING WITH DIAGRID STRUCTURE SUBJECTED TO LATERAL LOADING." In Futuristic Trends in Construction Materials & Civil Engineering Volume 3 Book 5. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bjce5p3ch2.
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The term "diagrid structure," which is short for "diagonal grid," refers to a particular kind of architectural structural system. It is distinguished by diagonal members that create a grid-like pattern on the building's façade (often in the form of diagonal beams or columns). Usually used in place of conventional vertical columns, these diagonal components produce a more open and attractive appearance. Around the world, there is a substantial increase in the construction of tall structures, and these buildings are affected by lateral loads due to wind or earthquake. There are several construction techniques available to withstand these lateral stresses. Among them, the diagrid structural system has gained popularity for tall buildings due to its unique geometric configuration, offering both structural efficiency and aesthetic appeal. Currently, the latest trend in diagrid structures involves using diagonal grids at specific angles around the building's perimeter and across its height in modules. Unlike traditional orthogonal structures, diagrids employ triangulated grids in place of vertical columns at the periphery, making them more efficient in providing stiffness against lateral loads. As a result, these systems are increasingly favoured for the design of tall buildings. In this work, we analyse a G+15-story RCC building with a regular floor plan of 30mx30m situated in seismic zones IV & V. With the objective to investigate a G+15 story, 10 models were made, of which 1 is a bare frame, 4 are diagrid angles that are analyzed in zone 4, and the same 5 models are analyzed in zone 5. We employ the Etabs 2020 software for structural simulation and analysis, considering wind loads based on IS 875 part 3 and seismic factors according to IS 1893(Part 1): 2002. Through a comparative assessment of the results from both the diagrid and conventional building analyses, we evaluate story displacement, story drift, base shear, and time period. This study provides insights into the performance of diagrid structures compared to traditional methods in the context of lateral load resistance and overall structural stability.
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Tohidi, Mosleh, and Ali Bahadori Jahromi. "Perspective Chapter: Comprehensive and New Approximate Analysis and Design Techniques for Reinforced Concrete Structural Elements." In Advances in Civil Engineering - Sustainable Materials and Resilient Structures [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1008530.
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In practical structural analysis and design scenarios, various software tools are commonly utilized. However, verifying the structural analysis and design can pose a significant challenge for many designers. To address this concern, the author has developed and proposed an innovative, simple, comprehensive, and reliable approximate structural analysis and design method. These methods aim to provide designers with valuable information on the final internal forces (axial/shear force, and bending moment), vertical deflections, lateral displacement/drift of buildings under lateral force, and approximate dimensions of all structural components prior to conducting software analysis and design. The preliminary estimation of beam and column dimensions may lead to an extensive trial and error process. Therefore, this study will introduce a new and reliable approximate structural analysis and design methodology using precise analytical techniques and software evaluations. This approach aims to determine approximate internal forces, establish preliminary structural dimensions, and validate the modeling, analysis, and design processes conducted through software. The methodology presented in this chapter has been applied to the analysis and design of various projects ranging from 5 to 15 stories, which were designed by the author in their capacity as the director of Alan Consulting Engineers. In addition, this chapter presents four case studies to assess the effectiveness and dependability of the proposed methods. The findings indicate discrepancies ranging from 2 to 12%.
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N, Dharmesh, Arjun P, and Madhusudhana Y B. "STATIC ANALYSIS OF MULTISTORIED RC FRAMED BUILDING USING ETABS." In Futuristic Trends in Construction Materials & Civil Engineering Volume 2 Book 11. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v2bs11p4ch4.
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In the present study modeling and analysis of G+3 storeys (4 storeys excluding headroom) RC building is done in ETABS Software. Totally thirteen 3D RC framed building models are considered for the seismic analysis having plan dimensions of 10.5m x13m with a storey height of 3.2m each and the depth of foundation is taken as 1.5 m (Total height of building including depth of foundation and headroom is 17.5 m). As per IS-1893: 2016, Part-1, the equivalent static lateral force method is considered for all thirteen buildings for all Zones (II, III, IV & V) and Soil conditions (Hard, Medium & Soft Soil) respectively. The response quantities are mode period, storey displacement, and base shear obtained from those models, and the results are tabulated. Further work has been carried out for the cost analysis of with and without earthquake building models. The concrete quantity and steel quantity has been estimated separately and tabulated for different zones and soil conditions. The estimated costs are compared for all building models (with and without earthquakes) and the results are tabulated. The displacement and base shear values are maximum in zoneV, and soil-3 when compared with all zones and soil conditions. The estimation cost is maximum in zone-V compared with all other models
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Hamaty, Jean-Claude, Magdalini Titirla, and Walid Larbi. "Optimization of Tuned Mass Damper for Enhancing Seismic Performance of a RC Building During the 2023 Earthquake in Turkey." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde230416.
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On 6th February 2023, a strong earthquake of magnitude Mw7.8 struck the central and southern parts of Turkey and the northern and western parts of Syria. The epicentre of the earthquake was located approximately 35 km west–northwest of the town Gaziantep, followed by more than 570 strong aftershocks. A strong aftershock measuring Mw 6.7 occurred about 11 minutes after the main shock, while the stronger one (Mw 7.5) around 9 hours later, with an epicenter 95 km to the northeast of the first earthquake. Recorded peak ground accelerations reached 2g, while the vertical acceleration was approximately equal to 1.4g. There was widespread damage with collapsed buildings and countless life loss (humans and animals). The aim of the present paper is to study the response of a nine-story reinforced concrete building (RC), during this seismic sequence. The benchmark building was redesigned with the optimal design of a tuned mass damper (TMD) at the roof of the building. The comparison of the results shows the TMD’s effectiveness in minimizing 50% of the max-story drift, as well as the horizontal displacement in both directions of the building. In addition, the use of the TMD protects the structure from collapse.
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Vatandoost, Mohsen, and Fariborz Nateghi-A. "Seismic Retrofitting Reinforced Concrete Structures with Precast Pre-Stressed Concrete Braces: An Overview." In New Insights Into Reinforced Concrete Technology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1006362.
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It is crucial to innovate retrofitting solutions for safeguarding buildings from catastrophic failure in earthquake-prone regions. An approach to retrofitting reinforced concrete (RC) buildings involves the use of precast pre-stressed concrete braces (PPCB). Employing PPCB for seismic retrofitting of RC structures is a novel method that has yet to be extensively researched. This approach obviates the need for wet concrete work at the site, thereby enhancing efficiency and minimizing the disturbance of the retrofitting process. This study aims to evaluate and develop this method. In this research, we investigated the seismic performance of this system using finite element analysis (FEA). The results showed that PPCB effectively decreased lateral displacement, changing the force-resisting mechanism into truss action and improving the building’s seismic performance. However, when the brace’s compression strength is lower than the existing frame’s, the retrofitting system exhibits low stiffness and is ineffective at reducing lateral drift. Conversely, in models with two or more compressive strength ratios (brace to frame), braces demonstrated high strength and stiffness. Thus, PPCB can provide significant strength and stability to structures. Furthermore, we proposed and evaluated two novel configurations for this retrofitting system: a single diagonal and a V-shape.
Conference papers on the topic "Lateral displacement Storey drift"
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A, Govind. "Analysis of Soft Storey Buildings with Different Types of Steel Bracing Under Seismic Load." In The International Conference on scientific innovations in Science, Technology, and Management. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59544/xjhm6056/ngcesi23p14.
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A soft storey is one that has a discontinuity in the stiffness of the building where one storey is significantly more flexible than the other storey. In order to tackle the problem of parking space, open ground storey is more preferred. The soft storey effect is the main criteria to be considered while constructing a building with open ground storey configuration. These buildings possess a higher tendency for collapse during earthquake due to soft storey effect. The discontinuity in stiffness will result in large bending moment and shear force action in open ground storey building. The study aims to find out the effects of soft storey configuration in the building with different types of steel bracings under seismic loads. The types of steel bracing include concentric bracing, eccentric bracing and cross bracing. The effect of bracings systems used in soft storey building under seismic load are studied using ETABS software. The different parameters like lateral displacement, bending moment, storey drift, storey shear, storey stiffness needs to be analysed and compared. Response spectrum analysis and nonlinear dynamic time history analysis is carried out to understand the behaviour of building under earthquake loads. From the results it was concluded that, the inclusion of cross steel bracing proved to be the most effective structural configuration closely followed by the concentric inverted V steel bracing configuration in order to mitigate the soft storey effect in all zones. The stability of a building can be improved by using these lateral load resisting systems.
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Mathew, Ancy, and Sajeeb R. "Seismic Performance of Multistoried Building Frames with Unbonded Scrap Tyre Pad Isolators." In 6th International Conference on Modeling and Simulation in Civil Engineering. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.156.26.
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Base isolation is one of the most powerful tools for earthquake protection of structures. The huge cost of conventional isolators makes them unaffordable for developing countries. The Scrap tyre pad isolator is an emerging low-cost technology for the seismic protection of structures. The tread portion of tyre can be cut into pads of definite size and arranged one above the other to form the isolator. In the present study, a G+7 storied structure isolated with scrap tyre pad isolators was analyzed using the response spectrum method in ETABS. The performance was also compared with that of conventional lead rubber bearings in terms of lateral displacement, drift ratio, storey accelerations, base shear and time period. The analysis results show that scrap tyre pad isolator is also effective in seismic protection of structures.
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LI, Guoqiang, Mengde PANG, Feifei Sun, Liulian LI, and Jianyun SUN. "Experimental Comparison Study on Cyclic Behavior of Coupled Shear Walls with Two-Level-Yielding Steel Coupling Beam and RC Coupling Beam." In 12th international conference on ‘Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures’ - ASCCS 2018. Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/asccs2018.2018.7026.
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Coupled shear walls are widely used in high rise buildings, since they can not only provide efficient lateral stiffness but also behave outstanding energy dissipation ability especially for earthquake-resistance. Traditionally, the coupling beams are made of reinforced concrete, which are prone to shear failure due to low aspect ratio and greatly reduce the efficiency and ability of energy dissipation. For overcoming the shortcoming of concrete reinforced coupling beams (RCB), an innovative steel coupling beams called two-level-yielding steel coupling beam (TYSCB) is invented to balance the demand of stiffness and energy dissipation for coupled shear walls. TYSCBs are made of two parallel steel beams with yielding at two different levels. To verify and investigate the aseismic behaviour improvement of TYSCB-coupled shear walls, two 1/3 scale, 10-storey coupled shear wall specimens with TYSCB and RCB were tested under both gravity and lateral displacement reversals. These two specimens were designed with the same bearing capacity, thus to be easier to compare. The experimental TYSCB specimen demonstrated more robust cyclic performance. Both specimens reached 1% lateral drift, however, the TYSCB-coupled shear wall showed minimal strength degradation. Additionally, a larger amount of energy was dissipated during each test of the TYSCB specimen, compared with the RCB specimen. Based on the experimental results, design recommendations are provided.
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Chornay, Morn, and Xin Zhao. "Multilevel Decomposition Model for Optimal Design of Multi-Story Structures." In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.0216.
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<p>Multilevel decomposition optimization method decomposes a large problem into small subproblems to be solved separately and maintain effects between subproblems effectively by sensitivity derivatives, and it serves as a useful tool for design engineer team to work on a large structural optimization problem simultaneously and effectively. The present paper illustrates the application of this method on the optimization of a portal frame of a multi-story steel structure, and three level of substructure is chosen to solve the optimization problem. The 1st level is the entire structural system constrained to total lateral displacement, the 2nd level is each story frame constrained to story drift, and the 3rd level is related element sizing based on local constrains due to strength, serviceability, and member stability.</p>
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Beconcini, Maria Luisa, Paolo Cioni, Pietro Croce, Paolo Formichi, Filippo Landi, and Caterina Mochi. "Influence of shear modulus and drift capacity on non-linear static analysis of masonry buildings." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0876.
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<p>In nonlinear static analysis of masonry buildings, the hysteric behaviour of masonry walls is commonly idealized through a bi-linear resistance envelope defined by the lateral stiffness of the wall, the ultimate shear resistance and the ultimate inter-storey drift. Therefore, it becomes fundamental to properly set the modulus of elasticity and shear modulus for masonry as well as to properly evaluate the drift capacity of the walls.</p><p>In the paper, the combined influence of shear modulus and drift capacity definition on the assessment of seismic performance of masonry buildings is investigated in details by means of a simplified non-linear pushover type algorithm developed by the authors. In particular, two different definitions are considered for the drift capacity, in terms of ductility and in terms of percentage of the inter-storey height, while for the shear modulus a reasonable set of values is investigated according a database collected combining masonry test results available in the relevant scientific literature with an in situ experimental campaign carried out by the authors.</p><p>The results show how the variation in shear modulus can lead to conflicting outcomes for the evaluation of seismic performance of masonry buildings depending on the assumed definition of drift capacity.</p>
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Naumovski, Luka, Matija Gams, Tomaž Pazlar, and Boris Azinović. "PUSHOVER ANALYSIS OF A 12-STOREY CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER BUILDING." In 2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.44.
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Due to recent developments in net-zero policy, cross-laminated timber (CLT) structures, with their low carbon footprint and potential competitiveness with steel and concrete structures, have gained popularity and are also considered in earthquake-prone regions. The present study analyses whether a seismically inadequate 12-storey residential building from the 1960s can be replaced with a 12-storey platform-type CLT building. The structural model is developed in two steps. In the first step, a nonlinear model of a single shear wall is calibrated against experiments and data from the literature. The CLT shear walls are modelled as elastic orthotropic shell elements and the various connections (wall-to-foundation and wall-to-floor) as nonlinear spring-link elements. The model is expanded in the second step to the entire structure and analysed using the basic and extended N2 method and displacement-based design (DBD). Response and seismic behaviour are assessed by analysing global and local limit states. The critical results of the analyses reveal large lateral displacements and local failures of connections. Based on the nonlinear analysis and the assumptions used in the model, it is demonstrated that a multi-story CLT platform-type building could be considered also for regions with moderate seismic risk, such as Ljubljana.
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Sanni, Shankar H., and Ratnakala S. Bidreddy. "Response Spectrum Analysis of Multi Storied Building on Sloping Ground with Ground, Middle and Top Soft Storey." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.51.
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In the concrete era of construction activities, there is scarcity of land especially in metro cities. Even though if there is availability of land it may in the sloping ground, hillocks or on land filled areas, in such areas there will be difficulty in the construction and design aspects. To maintain the slope of the strata, different degrees of such buildings step back towards the slanting slope and may likewise also have set back simultaneously. Hence in the present paper, an attempt has been made to study, G+12 storey building assumed to be in flat ground and also on sloping ground with 20 degree inclination. The model considered to be a soft storey with infill walls and two different shear wall arrangements. The building has been modelled in ETABS software with response spectrum method of analysis. The study reveals that model with shear wall improves the performance of the structure in terms of displacement, drift and time period apart from the fact that the structure being constructed in normal ground or sloping ground.
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Dai, Charles M., Ronald W. Miller, and A. Scott Percival. "Hydrodynamic Effects of Bilge Keels on the Hull Flow During Steady Turns." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79585.
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The hydrodynamic design of the bilge keels is important for the ship’s resistance and roll performance. It also affects the ship wake field at the propeller plane and can greatly influence the propulsor performances in terms of noise, efficiency and cavitation. The objective of this work is to investigate the effect of bilge keels on the hull flow during steady turns for a displacement ship with a skeg and a bow dome. An Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Solver (URANS) CFDShip-Iowa, Version 4, developed at the University of Iowa is used to simulate the flow around the Naval Surface Warfare Center-Carderock Division (NSWCCD) ship model# 5617 with bilge keels at different steady turning conditions. The effect of separated flows caused by the bilge keels and the skeg during steady turns on the flow distributions at the propeller plane will greatly influence the flow at the propeller planes. It was observed that during a high speed port turn at full rudder angle, the onset flow to the port side bilge keel was mainly influenced by the flow around the bow dome and the onset flow to the starboard side bilge keel was subject to the free stream hull flow. The drift angle varies along the bilge keel span during steady turning and complex vortical flow structures were developed on the leeward side of the bilge keels due to flow separations caused by the flow over the tip of the bilge keel from the windward side to the leeward side. The vortical flow generated by the starboard bilge keel also merged with the separated flow caused by the skeg and form a streamwise vortical structure that was convected downstream into the propeller plane. The wake field at both port and starboard propeller planes were analyzed from the simulation results. It can be concluded from the analysis that the starboard side propeller plane was subject to a uniform cross flow and the port side propeller plane was subject to a cross flow that consisted of both cross flow component and a mean swirl that was caused by the streamwise vortical flow generated by the flow separation upstream. The cross flow component at the propeller planes can effectively produce side force affecting the lateral motion of the ship. It can be concluded from the simulations that the bilge keels have great influence on the wake distributions at the propeller planes and can affect the propeller performance during maneuvering in terms of hydrodynamic and structural loadings. Great care should be taken to ensure that the bilge keels be designed properly in the future not just for both seakeeping and propulsion, but also for maneuvering.
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Kalman Šipoš, Tanja, and Adriana Brandis. "INFLUENCE OF GROUND MOTION PARAMETERS ON SEISMIC RESPONSE." In 3rd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5592/co/3crocee.2025.128.
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To establish a connection with structural vulnerability, ground motions generate intricate datasets distinguished by various properties. The objective of the investigation is to evaluate the impact of specific seismic record properties on the nonlinear structural response of buildings, with the ultimate goal of determining the characteristics that have the most significant effect on structural vulnerability. An experimental model, the ICONS, was employed to calibrate a numerical nonlinear model for the study. This model depicts existing buildings that were constructed without regard for seismic regulations. These buildings are prevalent in cities such as Zagreb and Dubrovnik, located in highly seismically precarious regions of Croatia. The analysis comprised 30 seismic records that were selected based on parameters such as peak ground acceleration (PGA), magnitude (M), and distance from the epicentre (R), following the disaggregation and uniform hazard spectrum results. Storey displacement data was generated from the records through dynamic time-history analysis, which allowed for calculating maximum inter storey drift ratios (IDR) as a metric for structural damage. A substantial correlation between structural damage and seismic record characteristics was discovered during the analysis. Peak ground velocity (PGV), specific energy density (SED), and Housner intensity (HI) were identified as the most significant factors influencing structural vulnerability. Consequently, they should be prioritised when selecting seismic records for structural damage assessments.
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Rudolph, Christina, Jürgen Grabe, and Britta Bienen. "Drift of Piles Subjected to Cyclic Lateral Loading From a Varying Direction: System vs. Soil Element Behavior." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23212.
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Offshore monopiles are usually designed using the p-y method for cyclic loading. While the method works for static loading, it was not developed for high numbers of cycles. Since the turbines are highly sensitive towards tilting, cyclic loading must be considered. The static results should therefore be combined with results from cyclic model tests with a high number of cycles to account for the accumulation of displacement or rotation during the lifetime of these structures. These model tests can underestimate the accumulation, however, as it has recently been shown that a change of loading direction can increase the accumulation considerably. These results have been verified using small scale modeling and centrifuge testing. The results from modeling the full problem of a laterally loaded pile are compared here with results from cyclic simple shear tests with a change of shearing direction during the cyclic loading. For these tests, a newly developed apparatus is used. This allows further insight into the question how a soil can “retain a memory” of its loading history.
Reports on the topic "Lateral displacement Storey drift"
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Hammad, Ali, and Mohamed Moustafa. Seismic Behavior of Special Concentric Braced Frames under Short- and Long-Duration Ground Motions. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zont9308.
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Over the past decade, several long-duration subduction earthquakes took place in different locations around the world, e.g., Chile in 2010, Japan in 2011, China in 2008, and Indonesia in 2004. Recent research has revealed that long-duration, large-magnitude earthquakes may occur along the Cascadia subduction zone of the Pacific Northwest Coast of the U.S. The duration of an earthquake often affects the response of structures. Current seismic design specifications mostly use response spectra to identify the hazard and do not consider duration effects. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the effect of the duration of the ground motion on structural performance and its design implications is an important issue. The goal of this study was to investigate how the duration of an earthquake affects the structural response of special concentric braced frames (SCBFs). A comprehensive experimental program and detailed analytical investigations were conducted to understand and quantify the effect of duration on collapse capacity of SCBFs, with the goal of improving seismic design provisions by incorporating these effects. The experimental program included large-scale shake table tests, and the analytical program consisted of pre-test and post-test phases. The pre-test analysis phase performed a sensitivity analysis that used OpenSees models preliminarily calibrated against previous experimental results for different configuration of SCBFs. A tornado-diagram framework was used to rank the influence of the different modeling parameters, e.g., low-cycle fatigue, on the seismic response of SCBFs under short- and long-duration ground motions. Based on the results obtained from the experimental program, these models were revisited for further calibration and validation in the post-test analysis. The experimental program included three large-scale shake-table tests of identical single-story single-bay SCBF with a chevron-brace configuration tested under different ground motions. Two specimens were tested under a set of spectrally-matched short and long-duration ground motions. The third specimen was tested under another long-duration ground motion. All tests started with a 100% scale of the selected ground motions; testing continued with an ever-increasing ground-motion scale until failure occurred, e.g., until both braces ruptured. The shake table tests showed that the duration of the earthquake may lead to premature seismic failure or lower capacities, supporting the initiative to consider duration effects as part of the seismic design provisions. Identical frames failed at different displacements demands because of the damage accumulation associated with the earthquake duration, with about 40% reduction in the displacement capacity of the two specimens tested under long-duration earthquakes versus the short-duration one. Post-test analysis focused first on calibrating an OpenSees model to capture the experimental behavior of the test specimens. The calibration started by matching the initial stiffness and overall global response. Next, the low-cycle fatigue parameters were fine-tuned to properly capture the experimental local behavior, i.e., brace buckling and rupture. The post-test analysis showed that the input for the low-cycle fatigue models currently available in the literature does not reflect the observed experimental results. New values for the fatigue parameters are suggested herein based on the results of the three shake-table tests. The calibrated model was then used to conduct incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) using 44 pairs of spectrally-matched short- and long-duration ground motions. To compare the effect of the duration of ground motion, this analysis aimed at incorporating ground-motion variability for more generalized observations and developing collapse fragility curves using different intensity measures (IMs). The difference in the median fragility was found to be 45% in the drift capacity at failure and about 10% in the spectral acceleration (Sa). Using regression analysis, the obtained drift capacity from analysis was found to be reduced by about 8% on average for every additional 10 sec in the duration of the ground motion. The last stage of this study extended the calibrated model to SCBF archetype buildings to study the effect of the duration of ground motion on full-sized structures. Two buildings were studied: a three-story and nine-story build that resembled the original SAC buildings but were modified with SCBFs as lateral support system instead of moment resisting frames. Two planer frames were adopted from the two buildings and used for the analysis. The same 44 spectrally-matched pairs previously used in post-test analysis were used to conduct nonlinear time history analysis and study the effect of duration. All the ground motions were scaled to two hazard levels for the deterministic time history analysis: 10% exceedance in 50 years and 2% exceedance in 50 years. All analysis results were interpreted in a comparative way to isolate the effect of duration, which was the main variable in the ground-motion pairs. In general, the results showed that the analyzed SCBFs experienced higher drift values under the long-duration suite of ground motions, and, in turn, a larger percentage of fractured braces under long-duration cases. The archetype SCBFs analysis provided similar conclusions on duration effects as the experimental and numerical results on the single-story single-bay frame.
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Huntley, D., D. Rotheram-Clarke, R. Cocking, J. Joseph, and P. Bobrowsky. Current research on slow-moving landslides in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (IMOU 5170 annual report). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331175.
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Interdepartmental Memorandum of Understanding (IMOU) 5170 between Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and Transport Canada Innovation Centre (TC-IC) aims to gain new insight into slow-moving landslides, and the influence of climate change, through testing conventional and emerging monitoring technologies. IMOU 5107 focuses on strategically important sections of the national railway network in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (BC), and the Assiniboine River valley along the borders of Manitoba (MN) and Saskatchewan (SK). Results of this research are applicable elsewhere in Canada (e.g., the urban-rural-industrial landscapes of the Okanagan Valley, BC), and around the world where slow-moving landslides and climate change are adversely affecting critical socio-economic infrastructure. Open File 8931 outlines landslide mapping and changedetection monitoring protocols based on the successes of IMOU 5170 and ICL-IPL Project 202 in BC. In this region, ice sheets, glaciers, permafrost, rivers and oceans, high relief, and biogeoclimatic characteristics contribute to produce distinctive rapid and slow-moving landslide assemblages that have the potential to impact railway infrastructure and operations. Bedrock and drift-covered slopes along the transportation corridors are prone to mass wasting when favourable conditions exist. In high-relief mountainous areas, rapidly moving landslides include rock and debris avalanches, rock and debris falls, debris flows and torrents, and lahars. In areas with moderate to low relief, rapid to slow mass movements include rockslides and slumps, debris or earth slides and slumps, and earth flows. Slow-moving landslides include rock glaciers, rock and soil creep, solifluction, and lateral spreads in bedrock and surficial deposits. Research efforts lead to a better understanding of how geological conditions, extreme weather events and climate change influence landslide activity along the national railway corridor. Combining field-based landslide investigation with multi-year geospatial and in-situ time-series monitoring leads to a more resilient railway national transportation network able to meet Canada's future socioeconomic needs, while ensuring protection of the environment and resource-based communities from landslides related to extreme weather events and climate change. InSAR only measures displacement in the east-west orientation, whereas UAV and RTK-GNSS change-detection surveys capture full displacement vectors. RTK-GNSS do not provide spatial coverage, whereas InSAR and UAV surveys do. In addition, InSAR and UAV photogrammetry cannot map underwater, whereas boat-mounted bathymetric surveys reveal information on channel morphology and riverbed composition. Remote sensing datasets, consolidated in a geographic information system, capture the spatial relationships between landslide distribution and specific terrain features, at-risk infrastructure, and the environmental conditions expected to correlate with landslide incidence and magnitude. Reliable real-time monitoring solutions for critical railway infrastructure (e.g., ballast, tracks, retaining walls, tunnels, and bridges) able to withstand the harsh environmental conditions of Canada are highlighted. The provision of fundamental geoscience and baseline geospatial monitoring allows stakeholders to develop robust risk tolerance, remediation, and mitigation strategies to maintain the resilience and accessibility of critical transportation infrastructure, while also protecting the natural environment, community stakeholders, and Canadian economy. We propose a best-practice solution involving three levels of investigation to describe the form and function of the wide range of rapid and slow-moving landslides occurring across Canada that is also applicable elsewhere. Research activities for 2022 to 2025 are presented by way of conclusion.
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SHAKING TABLE TEST OF NEW LIGHT STEEL STRUCTURE SYSTEM. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.342.
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The low-rise cold-formed thin-walled steel buildings have good seismic performance, and their lateral force resistance is generally provided by the pull-out parts, the wall skeleton support system, and the skin effect between the wall skeleton and the wall. However, the current cold-formed thin-walled steel residential system is difficult to meet the seismic requirements of multi-storey cold-formed thin-walled steel buildings in high intensity areas. In this paper, the thin steel brace and light steel skeleton are combined to form a wall skeleton with a new support system with "truss structure" at the top and bottom of the skeleton. A full-scale shaking table test model is designed and made, and its structural dynamic characteristics and dynamic response are studied by shaking table test. The results show that the horizontal steel strap and inclined steel strap are used to form a "flat" structure with steel columns and guide beams, and the triangular element on the "flat" structure is used to restrict the displacement of the local area at the top and bottom of the wall skeleton and improve the stiffness of the area. T1 model performs better than T2 model, and has better seismic application potential for developing multi-storey cold-formed thin-walled steel residential buildings, which can meet the engineering needs.
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF PEC COMPOSITE COLUMN-STEEL BEAM FRAME WITH WELDED T-STUB STRENGTHENED CONNECTIONS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.3.5.
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Seismic performance of innovative Partially Encased Composite (PEC) column-steel beam composite frame was investigated, where the connection was strengthened by the welded T-stub. A ½ scale, two-storey, and one bay composite frame specimen was designed and fabricated for the quasi-static test. Through the experimental observation and measurements, the seismic performance were evaluated, including hysteretic characteristic, lateral stiffness, seismic energy dissipation, and ductility. The plastic damage evolution process and ductile failure mode were clarified. The results indicated that the welded T-stud strengthened connection enhanced the integrity of the frame and led to higher seismic strength and larger lateral stiffness. The plastic hinge was observed away from the beam end due to the welded T-stud and the specimen exhibited an approximately completed hysteretic loop. Without significant decreasing of the ultimate bearing capacity, its overall drift, ductility efficient and equivalent viscous damping ratio were 3.63% (push) / 4.07% (pull), 3.21 (push) / 3.70 (pull) and 0.261 respectively. The proposed structure possesses sound deformation, ductility, and energy-dissipation capacity with the desired plastic failure mode induced by the plastic hinges formed in all beam sections near the T-stud end and column section at the bottom, successively. It was demonstrated an ideal ductile energy-dissipation mode of the frame structure.