Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lateral spread

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Lateral spread'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Lateral spread"

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Raghunathan, N., and T. Sheppard. "Lateral spread during slab rolling." Materials Science and Technology 5, no. 10 (October 1989): 1021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mst.1989.5.10.1021.

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GOH, S. H., and T. D. O'ROURKE. "SOIL-PILE INTERACTION DURING LIQUEFACTION-INDUCED LATERAL SPREAD." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 02, no. 01 (March 2008): 53–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431108000232.

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This paper describes a numerical model for the analysis of foundation piles subjected to large lateral ground deformation triggered by liquefaction. The model involves the use of p-y curves, but avoids the empiricism associated with the selection of degradation coefficients or reduction factors. To obtain a proper p-y characterization of the reaction between laterally deformed liquefied soil and an embedded pile, triaxial extension is recognized as the most appropriate analogue for the loading conditions. A suite of undrained triaxial extension tests was carried out using Nevada sand to establish the relevant strength and deformation parameters. Using the material parameters obtained from these tests, 2D FLAC analyses were performed to develop strain-softening p-y curves. Application of these p-y curves to the analyses of centrifuge experiments involving lateral spread effects on piles yields good agreement between the computed and measured responses. The strain-softening model provides excellent predictions of the measured peak and residual moments. Furthermore, the computed soil pressure diagrams agree well with the recommendations made by the Japan Road Association, which were calibrated using case histories from the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The same p-y curves were applied to the analysis of a field problem involving an actual pile foundation subjected to lateral spread effects during the 1964 Niigata earthquake.
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Bartlett, Steven F., and T. Leslie Youd. "Empirical Prediction of Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spread." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 121, no. 4 (April 1995): 316–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1995)121:4(316).

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Janaki Nair. "The Lateral Spread of Indian Feminist Historiography." Journal of Women's History 20, no. 4 (2008): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jowh.0.0045.

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Yan, Aimin, Liren Liu, De’an Liu, Yu Zhou, and Zhu Luan. "Analysis of lateral-spread photorefractive planar lenses." Optik 116, no. 2 (March 2005): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2004.11.005.

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Liu, Fang, Zhen Li, Mingjing Jiang, Paolo Frattini, and Giovanni Crosta. "Quantitative liquefaction-induced lateral spread hazard mapping." Engineering Geology 207 (June 2016): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.04.001.

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Law, Rebecca M., and Howard I. Maibach. "Lateral spread and percutaneous penetration: An overview." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 588 (October 2020): 119765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119765.

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Simpson, C. C., J. J. Sharples, and J. P. Evans. "Resolving vorticity-driven lateral fire spread using the WRF-Fire coupled atmosphere–fire numerical model." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 9 (September 5, 2014): 2359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2359-2014.

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Abstract. Vorticity-driven lateral fire spread (VLS) is a form of dynamic fire behaviour, during which a wildland fire spreads rapidly across a steep leeward slope in a direction approximately transverse to the background winds. VLS is often accompanied by a downwind extension of the active flaming region and intense pyro-convection. In this study, the WRF-Fire (WRF stands for Weather Research and Forecasting) coupled atmosphere–fire model is used to examine the sensitivity of resolving VLS to both the horizontal and vertical grid spacing, and the fire-to-atmosphere coupling from within the model framework. The atmospheric horizontal and vertical grid spacing are varied between 25 and 90 m, and the fire-to-atmosphere coupling is either enabled or disabled. At high spatial resolutions, the inclusion of fire-to-atmosphere coupling increases the upslope and lateral rate of spread by factors of up to 2.7 and 9.5, respectively. This increase in the upslope and lateral rate of spread diminishes at coarser spatial resolutions, and VLS is not modelled for a horizontal and vertical grid spacing of 90 m. The lateral fire spread is driven by fire whirls formed due to an interaction between the background winds and the vertical circulation generated at the flank of the fire front as part of the pyro-convective updraft. The laterally advancing fire fronts become the dominant contributors to the extreme pyro-convection. The results presented in this study demonstrate that both high spatial resolution and two-way atmosphere–fire coupling are required to model VLS with WRF-Fire.
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Hsu, Hui-Ching, Tzu-Yao Liao, Long-Sun Ro, Yu-Hsiang Juan, and Chuang-Chi Liaw. "Differences in Pain Intensity of Tumors Spread to the Anterior versus Anterolateral/Lateral Portions of the Vertebral Body Based on CT Scans." Pain Research and Management 2019 (May 13, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9387941.

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We investigated whether the intensity of cancer pain differs for malignant tumors that have spread to anterior or anterolateral/lateral portions of the vertebral body. We hypothesize that tumor spread to the anterolateral/lateral vertebral body elicits more serious pain due to increased irritation of the spinal nerve. The selection criteria were as follows: (1) advanced or metastatic solid tumor; (2) radicular pain without extremity weakness; (3) malignant lesions anteriorly, anterolaterally, or laterally located at the vertebral body either spread locoregionally or over a greater distance via metastasis based on CT scan diagnosis; and (4) patient needs to use opioids for pain relief. Severe spinal pain intensity was defined as spinal pain for which patients required either strong opioids or spinal irradiation for relief. Eighty-six patients were enrolled in the study. Bone lesions were mainly osteolytic. Thirty-nine tumors spread to the vertebral body in the anterior direction, and 47 in the anterolateral/lateral direction. Severe pain intensity related to vertebral body lesions was due to anterolateral/lateral spread, primary sites of nonurothelial carcinoma, metastatic vertebral lesions, multiple lesions within a vertebrum, and location within the cervical-thoracic spine. In conclusion, patients with tumor spread to the anterolateral/lateral portion of vertebrae bodies based on CT scan diagnosis experienced severe cancer pain. These patients needed strong opioids or palliative spinal irradiation for pain relief.
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Gardner, David S., Tom K. Danneberger, and Eric K. Nelson. "Lateral Spread of Glyphosate-Resistant Transgenic Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Lines in Established Turfgrass Swards." Weed Technology 18, no. 3 (September 2004): 773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-184r1.

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Genetically engineered varieties of creeping bentgrass, resistant to glyphosate, have been developed. Studies were initiated in 2000 and 2001 to examine the relative competitive lateral spread of several transformed lines of creeping bentgrass, nontransformed controls, and cultivar standards. Five-centimeter-diameter vegetative plugs of creeping bentgrass were transplanted into a 1-yr-old stand of perennial ryegrass in Columbus, OH, and 10-yr-old bermudagrass or 10-yr-old St. Augustinegrass in Loxley, AL. Plots were watered to prevent moisture stress to either the bentgrass plugs or surrounding turf swards. Monthly average diameter of the creeping bentgrass was determined by measuring the longest spread and shortest spread. At the end of the experiment, no differences (P = 0.05) in lateral spread were observed between individual lines of transgenic bentgrass, standard cultivars, and nontransformed control lines. Lateral spread of transgenic lines was similar to or less than their nontransformed parent and the standard cultivars tested. Results indicate that glyphosate-resistant creeping bentgrass lines do not spread laterally more than nontransgenic lines. Therefore, if the glyphosate-resistant creeping bentgrass escaped into surrounding turfgrass swards, the potential for spread would not be greater than other creeping bentgrass cultivars currently in use.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lateral spread"

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Jones, Ashley Richard. "The genetics and spread of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-genetics-and-spread-of-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis(70f7a2e4-087c-47ec-9a1d-3b69d3e7f2c5).html.

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Our knowledge of the genetic contribution to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is rapidly growing, and there is increasing research into how ALS spreads through the motor system and beyond. This thesis examines how genetic and non-genetic factors in ALS influence its spread. The genetic methods employed were PCR, genotyping, AFLP, DNA sequencing and gene expression. The methods to examine spread were H&E staining, clinical history, age of onset (AOO), survival and health utility. Statistical procedures applied included regression analyses of genetic and non-genetic factors, maximum likelihood estimation of genetic-phenotype variance and health utility, RNA-sequence analyses, and differential gene expression analysis. I found (A) that variation in the ATXN2 gene contributes to ALS, as does variation in C9ORF72 after correcting for the known C9ORF72 pathological hexanucleotide repeat (HREM). (B) On comparing regions of the spinal cord, patterns of differential gene expression between ALS cases and controls appeared consistent with spread and pathology. Functional annotation clustering revealed these genes were mostly involved in blood vessel and angiogenin-like function, glycoprotein-based activity, and leukocyte activity. (C) A significant proportion of survival variance in ALS could be explained by genetic variance. There were SNPs that predicted survival and AOO, one showing epistasis with the C9ORF72 HREM. (D) When modelling ALS progression using staging and a clinical trial dataset, the time and duration of each stage was statistically predictable. Staging also predicted health utility and other functional and psycho- metrics. The spread and pathology in ALS spinal cord regions affected gene expression profiles, which is likely a consequence of genetic susceptibility in that region. Indicators of spread, AOO and survival, could be predicted using genotypes. Disease progression was predictable as measured by clinical staging and health metrics. In summary, ALS spread seems to occur at a fixed rate in an individual and is influenced by genetics.
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Baska, David A. "An analytical/empirical model for prediction of lateral spread displacements /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10182.

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Ekstrom, Levi Thomas. "A Simplified Performance-Based Procedure for the Prediction of Lateral Spread Displacements." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5466.

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Characterization of the seismic hazard and ground-failure hazard of a site using traditional empirical lateral spread displacement models requires consideration of uncertainties in seismic loading, site conditions, and model prediction. Researchers have developed performance-based design methods to simultaneously account for these sources of uncertainty through the incorporation of a probabilistic analytical framework. While these methods can effectively handle the various sources of uncertainty associated with empirical lateral spread displacement prediction, they can be difficult for engineers to perform in a practical manner without the use of specialized numerical tools. To make the benefits of a performance-based approach accessible to a broader audience of geotechnical engineers, a simplified performance-based procedure is introduced in this paper. This map-based procedure utilizes a reference soil profile to provide hazard-targeted reference displacements across a geographic area. Equations are provided for engineers to correct those reference displacements for site-specific soil conditions and surface geometry to produce site-specific, hazard-targeted estimates of lateral spread displacement. The simplified performance-based procedure is validated through a comparative study assessing probabilistic lateral spread displacements across several cities in the United States. Results show that the simplified procedure closely approximates the results from the full performance-based model for all sites. Comparison with deterministic analyses are presented, and the place for both in engineering practice are discussed.
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Merryweather, Geoffrey James. "Comparison of flame spread measurements using the ASTM E 1321 LIFT and a reduced scale adaptation of the cone calorimeter apparatus." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1094.

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A full-scale ASTM E 1321 Lateral ignition and Flame Transport (LIFT) apparatus was constructed and compared with a Reduced scale Ignition and Flame spread Test apparatus (RIFT) adaptation of the cone calorimeter in the vertical position. The objective was to find a low cost and simple alternative to the LIFT apparatus for measuring opposed flow flame spread. Ignition tests were conducted using the LIFT, RIFT and ISO 5657 ignitability apparatus and flame spread experiments were conducted in the LIFT and RIFT. Nine different types of timber based products were tested for ignition and flame spread, and Quintiere's flame spread model was applied to the results to obtain material properties, such as thermal inertia, flame spread parameter and the minimum heat flux required for flame spread. These materials included plywood, medium density fibreboard (MDF), hardboard, particle board flooring, Melamine (Melteca) covered MDF, New Zealand Rimu, and Beech and New Zealand grown Macrocarpa and Radiata (Monterey) Pine. Further limited tests were conducted on Melteca covered particle board, and a second brand of particle board. The materials in the RIFT were tried with and without preheating to equilibrium. In addition, a view factor for the RIFT was developed, based on earlier work for the cone calorimeter element. The view factor equation was experimentally tested against measured values, and the calculated value was consistently lower than the experimental values, with similar flux profile. The standard procedure is for the material to be preheated before ignition, so that the surface is at equilibrium. The spread of the flame front past points on the sample surface after ignition is recorded, and from the flame front velocity and the model by Quintiere, material specific properties can be derived. The lack of preheating was found to affect the final results, by reducing the flame spread velocity and increasing the scatter in the experimental results. The RIFT gives comparable results to the same materials tested in the LIFT and to the published literature. The results the flame spread parameter and the minimum flux for flame spread are usually higher for the RIFT against the same material in the LIFT. There proved to be an effective limit on suitable materials able to be successfully tested in the RIFT to those that have a minimum flux for flame spread of less than 7kW/m2, with this limitation is dictated by the flux profile along the sample, and the lower resolution dictated by the smaller size. It is approximately equivalent to a minimum ignition flux of 18kW/m2.
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Corob, Alexander Edward. "Analysis of Applied Modifications to a Cone Penetration Test-based Lateral Spread Displacement Prediction Model." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9065.

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This study set out to examine the effectiveness and reliability of six modifications to the Zhang et al. (2004) CPT-based lateral spread model. A regression analysis, distribution charts, and a discriminant analysis are performed to determine how effective the modifications are on the model. From the comparisons and statistical analysis performed in this study, application of these modifications reduces over-predictions from strain-based prediction methods. Unfortunately, the tendency to under-predict displacements on average is also increased.
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Tryon, Ginger Emily. "Evaluation of Current Empirical Methods for Predicting Lateral Spread-Induced Ground Deformations for Large Magnitude Earthquakes Using Maule Chile 2010 Case Histories." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5852.

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Improving seismic hazard analysis is an important part of building safer structures and protecting lives. Since large magnitude earthquakes are rarer than other earthquakes, it is harder to model seismic hazards such as lateral spread displacements for these events. Engineers are often required to extrapolate current lateral spreading models when designing utilities, bridges, and piers to withstand the ground displacements caused by earthquakes with magnitudes larger than 8.0. This study uses three case histories from the Maule Chile 2010 earthquake (Mw =8.8) to develop recommendations on which models are most accurate for large earthquake events and how to improve the accuracy of the models. Six empirical models commonly used in engineering practice are compared. The model that best matches the Maule Chile case histories uses local attenuation relationships to make it easier to apply the model to any seismic region. Models that use lab data from cyclic shear tests over predict displacements but using a strain-reduction factor with depth significantly improved the accuracy of the results. Site-to-source distances can vary greatly between geographic seismic and faulting mechanisms. For this reason, models that depend on an internal source-to-site distance show less promise with large subduction zone earthquakes throughout the world. Models with site-to-source distances are most accurate in the western United States and Japan because the case histories for these models came from those countries.
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Coutu, Tyler Blaine. "Development of a Performance-Based Procedure for Assessment of Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spread Displacements Using the Cone Penetration Test." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7216.

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Liquefaction-induced lateral spread displacements cause severe damage to infrastructure, resulting in large economic losses in affected regions. Predicting lateral spread displacements is an important aspect in any seismic analysis and design, and many different methods have been developed to accurately estimate these displacements. However, the inherent uncertainty in predicting seismic events, including the extent of liquefaction and its effects, makes it difficult to accurately estimate lateral spread displacements. Current conventional methods of predicting lateral spread displacements do not completely account for uncertainty, unlike a performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) approach that accounts for the all inherent uncertainty in seismic design. The PBEE approach incorporates complex probability theory throughout all aspects of estimating liquefaction-induced lateral spread displacements. A new fully-probabilistic PBEE method, based on results from the cone penetration test (CPT), was created for estimating lateral spread displacements using two different liquefaction triggering procedures. To accommodate the complexity of all probabilistic calculations, a new seismic hazard analysis tool, CPTLiquefY, was developed. Calculated lateral spread displacements using the new fully-probabilistic method were compared to estimated displacements using conventional methods. These comparisons were performed across 20 different CPT profiles and 10 cities of varying seismicity. The results of this comparison show that the conventional procedures of estimating lateral spread displacements are sufficient for areas of low seismicity and for lower return periods. However, by not accounting for all uncertainties, the conventional methods under-predict lateral spread displacements in areas of higher seismicity. This is cause for concern as it indicates that engineers in industry using the conventional methods are likely under-designing structures to resist lateral spread displacements for larger seismic events.
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Williams, Nicole D. "Evaluation of Empirical Prediction Methods for Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spread from the 2010 Maule, Chile, Mw 8.8 Earthquake in Port Coronel." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6086.

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Over the past several decades, empirical formulas have been developed and improved to predict liquefaction and lateral spread based on a database of case histories from observed earthquakes, such as Youd et al. (2002) and Rauch and Martin (2000). The 2010 Maule Chile earthquake is unique first of all because it is recent and was not used to develop recent liquefaction and lateral spread evaluation methods, and therefore can be reasonably used to evaluate the effectiveness of such equations. Additionally, the 8.8 magnitude megathrust event fills a significant gap in the databases used to develop these empirical formulas, which tends to under represent large magnitude earthquakes and events which occur along subduction zones. Use of case histories from this event will therefore effectively test the robustness and accuracy of these methods.As a part of this comparison, data will be collected from two piers in Port Coronel, Chile: Lo Rojas or Fisherman's Pier, and el Carbonero. Lo Rojas is a municipally owned pier which failed in the 2010 earthquake. Dr. Kyle Rollins gathered detailed engineering survey data defining lateral spread displacements along this pier in a reconnaissance visit with other GEER investigators after the earthquake. El Carbonero was under construction during the earthquake, but no known lateral displacements were observed. Collaboration with local universities and personnel contributed a great deal of knowledge about the soil profile. In early April 2014, collection of SPT and CPT data began in strategic locations to fill gaps of understanding about the stratigraphy near the two piers. Additional testing will provide necessary information to carry out predictions of displacements using current empirical models, which can then be compared with observed displacements collected after the earthquake. Collected data will also be complied, and this alone will provide useful information as it represents a unique case history for future evaluation.The goals of this study are therefore: (1) Collect data for two piers (Lo Rojas and el Carbonero) in Port Coronel, Chile to provide a useful case history of lateral displacements observed; (2) Conduct a liquefaction and lateral spread analysis to predict displacement of the two piers in question, considering lateral spread and slope stability; (3) Compare predicted values with observed displacements and draw conclusions on the predictive capabilities of analyzed empirical equations for similar earthquakes (4) Make recommendations to improve when possible.
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Barnwell, Nicholas Valgardson. "Experimental Testing of Shallow Embedded Connections Between Steel Columns and Concrete Footings." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4428.

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Shallow embedded column connections are widely used for columns resisting gravity loads in current design methods. These connections are usually considered “pinned” for structural analysis. In reality these connections fall in between a fixed and a pinned condition. Although methods exist to estimate the stiffness and strength of exposed columns or embedded columns under lateral loads, little research has been done to determine the strength of shallow embedded columns. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the strength of these connections. A total of 12 specimens with varying orientation, embedment depth, and column size were loaded laterally until failure or significant loss in strength. The results showed that shallow embedded connections are 86%-144% stronger in yielding and 32%-64% stronger in ultimate strength than current design methods would predict. This strength comes from a combination of the embedment depth and the resistance from the base plate and anchor rods. A model is proposed to explain the strength of the specimens and to conservatively estimate the strength of specimens with different variables. The specimens also exhibited stiffness ranging from 50%-75% of what would be expected from fully embedded columns.
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Palmer, Logan Matthew. "Development of a Simplified Analysis Approach for Predicting Pile Deflections of Piers Subjected to Lateral Spread Displacements and Application to a Pier Damaged During the 2010 Maule, Chile, M8.8 Earthquake." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7045.

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The 2010, moment magnitude 8.8 earthquake that occurred near Maule, Chile caused major damages to several piers in the Port of Coronel located approximately 160 kilometers (100 miles) to the South of the earthquake epicenter. One of the piers, the North Pier, experienced significant lateral spreading that was caused from liquefaction of the soils at the approach zone of the pier. Damages from lateral spreading and liquefaction effects consisted of sheet pile welding ruptures of the cross-support beams, stiffener buckling, pile displacements, pile rotations, and pier deck displacement. Researchers analyzed the North Pier after the earthquake and documented in detail the damage caused by lateral spread displacements. This study introduces a simplified performance-based procedure called the "Simplified Modeling Procedure" that is used for the analysis of piles supporting a pier that are exposed to lateral spread displacements. The procedure uses the software LPILE, a common program for analyzing a single pile under lateral loading conditions, to evaluate a more complex multi-pile pier design. Instead of analyzing each of the piles in a given pier individually, the procedure utilizes what is known as a "Super Pile" approach to combine several piles into a single representative pile during the analysis. To ensure displacement compatibility between each "Super Pile" in the analysis, the "Super Piles" are assumed to be fully connected at the top of each "Super Pile" to the pier deck. The Simplified Modeling Procedure is developed and tested using the case study history of the North Pier from the Port of Coronel during the 2010 Maule earthquake. The Simplified Modeling Procedure incorporates p-y springs with a lateral push-over analysis. This approach allows the analysis to be performed in a matter of seconds and allows the user to more easily draw the needed correlations between the rows of piles. This procedure helps identify that different rows of piles either contribute to the movement of the pier or contribute to the bracing of the pier. The procedure ultimately predicts the anticipated pier deck deflection by determining when all the pile rows and their respective shear forces are in equilibrium. The Simplified Modeling Procedure predicted that the North Pier experienced deflections between approximately 0.31 meters (1.01 feet) and 0.38 meters (1.26 feet). The predicted deflections and rotations determined using the procedure were determined to be a relatively close representation of the observations made during the post-earthquake reconnaissance observations.
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Books on the topic "Lateral spread"

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Doyle, Michael. Measurement and analysis of lateral flame spread using the bench-scale cone calorimeter. [S.l: The Author], 1994.

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Florin, Bo, Patrick Vonderau, and Yvonne Zimmermann. Advertising and the Transformation of Screen Cultures. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989153.

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Advertising has played a central role in shaping the history of modern media. While often identified with American consumerism and the rise of the 'Information Society', motion picture advertising has been part of European visual culture since the late nineteenth century. With the global spread of ad agencies, moving image advertisements became a privileged cultural form to make people experience the qualities and uses of branded commodities, to articulate visions of a 'good life', and to incite social relationships. Abandoning a conventional delineation of fields by medium, country, or period, this book suggests a lateral view. It charts the audiovisual history of advertising by focussing on objects (products and services), screens (exhibition, programming, physical media), practices (production, marketing), and intermediaries (ad agencies). In this way, the book develops new historical, methodological, and theoretical perspectives.
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Arcangeli, Letizia, and Marco Gentile, eds. Le signorie dei Rossi di Parma tra XIV e XVI secolo. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-684-6.

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This volume is devoted to one of the major aristocratic lineages of northern Italy in the later middle ages. The Rossi, whose political and social eminence dates back to the communal age, built in the Parmense a powerful lordship, based both on their estates and fortresses and on a vast patronage network spread over the territory and in the town: and the power of the family, though diminished after the crisis in the relations with the Sforza in 1482, was restored on partially different foundations during the Italian Wars. The essays collected in this book explore the complexity of the Rossi "little seignorial state", focusing on its internal constitution, on its exterior relations and on its artistic and cultural features between the mid-fourteenth and the early sixteenth century.
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Lin, Chia Shiang (Sean). Ganglion Impar Block: Fluoroscopy and Ultrasound. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0036.

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Blockade of the ganglion impar (also known as ganglion of Walther or sacrococcygeal ganglion) is indicated for evaluating and managing visceral or sympathetic-maintained pain in the coccygeal and perineal area. Ganglion impar neurolysis has been reported in the palliative treatment for malignancies of the pelvis with cancer pain in the perineal area. Ultrasound can be successively used to locate the sacrococcygeal joint (SCJ) and facilitate the performance of ganglion impar block. However, ultrasound can also complement fluoroscopy, as lateral fluoroscopy is still needed to establish safe depth and monitor the spread of the injectate, especially with neurolytic injections.
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Tumber, Paul Singh, and Philip W. H. Peng. Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Chronic Pain. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0037.

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Ultrasound-guided nerve blockade for chronic pain offers advantages over blind landmark-based and fluoroscopic techniques. It allows visualization of soft-tissue structures and spread of the injectate while limiting ionizing radiation exposure. Interventionalists must have both a clear understanding of the anatomy that is being visualized on the ultrasound image and the ability to safely place a needle to the desired target site. Neural blockade of the suprascapular nerve can be useful in the management of chronic shoulder pain such as adhesive capsulitis, frozen shoulder, rotator cuff tear, and glenohumeral arthritis. Intercostal nerve blocks can be helpful for painful conditions that affect the thorax or upper abdomen. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve local anesthetic block may provide analgesia for procedures involving the region, such as skin harvesting. The pudendal nerve block may be useful for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes in certain cases of chronic pelvic pain involving pudendal neuralgia.
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Nugent, Christopher M. B. Manuscript Culture. Edited by Wiebke Denecke, Wai-Yee Li, and Xiaofei Tian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199356591.013.5.

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This chapter examines issues of manuscript culture as they apply to China prior to the spread of print. The discussion is centered around questions of how literary texts were produced, circulated, and changed in contexts in which every reproduction of a text was done by hand and the oral and the written remained closely intertwined. In addition to accounts of how texts were circulated and altered during circulation, the chapter discusses the implications of these aspects of manuscript culture for our understanding of how this literature was experienced by audiences in a context in which texts were more fluid and every instance of textual reproduction entailed individual decisions. Many of the issues discussed here are relevant to later periods as well, as even after the wide spread of printing, texts continued to be produced by hand (and orally) in a range of contexts up through the twentieth century.
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Talbot, Ian, and Tahir Kamran. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190642938.003.0001.

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The introduction discusses the pre-colonial development of Lahore. In the Mughal era, the city’s strategic location at the junction of roads to Kabul, Multan and Kashmir made it a seat of power to which poets, artists and traders flocked. Its wealth brought European merchant travellers that spread its fame. The city later expanded under the Sikhs with the growth of the Kashmir shawl industry. During Ranjit Singh’s rule, such ex-officers from Bonaparte’s army as Jean-Francois Allard, Jean-Baptiste Ventura and Paolo Avitabile were employed in military and administrative roles. Lahore’s long and continuous history of transregional and transnational connections was overlooked by colonial writers.
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Whitehead, James. Balaam and Bedlam. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733706.003.0004.

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This chapter shows how contemporary reviews of Romantic poetry, and the hostile rhetoric of insanity they used, both stigmatized and popularized the Romantic mad poet. A forensic rhetoric, drawing directly on medical ideas of partial insanity and critical ‘moral management’, was deployed by the periodical press in the first quarter of the nineteenth century—first the quarterlies like the Edinburgh Review and the Quarterly Review, then later new capricious and aggressive magazines such as Blackwood’s, and more quotidian or staid journals—against all of the major Romantic poets. The chapter shows, moreover, how the polemical terms in which Romantic poets were dismissed also held the seeds of their later canonization. The periodical critics, while they used slurs of meaningless insanity to dismiss poetry for political and reactionary ends, also spread the fame of ‘mad genius’, turning a marginalized opinion on the link between creativity and disorder into a cultural phenomenon.
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Rieth, Timothy, and Ethan E. Cochrane. The Chronology of Colonization in Remote Oceania. Edited by Ethan E. Cochrane and Terry L. Hunt. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199925070.013.010.

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Colonization of Remote Oceania resulted in the discovery of thousands of islands spread across an enormous area of the Pacific Ocean. Beginning as early as approximately 3500 cal. B.P. in Western Micronesia, populations began an expansion westward eventually settling East Polynesia over two millennia later. Although this general pattern is well-established, the reliability of colonization chronologies for particular islands and island groups varies significantly. This chapter synthesizes and critiques current interpretations of radiocarbon and other dating estimates for colonization of the major islands across the region and provides recommendations for future research and chronology building, highlighting the potential for Bayesian analyses. Estimates for the colonization of Hawai'i are presented as a case study.
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Korpiola, Mia. Customary Law and the Influence of the Ius Commune in High and Late Medieval East Central Europe. Edited by Heikki Pihlajamäki, Markus D. Dubber, and Mark Godfrey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198785521.013.50.

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Secular law remained largely customary and uncodified in east central Europe. While much of south-eastern Europe had remained Christian ever since Roman times, most of east central Europe was Christianized during the high Middle Ages. The Baltic region came later, Lithuania only being converted after 1387. South-eastern Europe was influenced first by Byzantine and then Italian law. In much of east central Europe secular law was based on Slavic customs, later influenced by canon law and German law. The Sachsenspiegel, Schwabenspiegel, and German town law spread to the whole region alongside the German colonization of east central Europe. Towns functioned as conduits of German and learned law. Certain territorial rulers actively promoted Roman law and (partial) codification, while the local nobility preferred uncodified customary law. In addition to foreign university studies, the fourteenth-century universities of Prague and Krakow, cathedral chapters, and notaries helped disseminate the ius commune into the region.
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Book chapters on the topic "Lateral spread"

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Hargitai, Henrik, and Giovanni B. Crosta. "Lateral Spread." In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 1–5. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9_542-1.

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Hargitai, Henrik, and Giovanni B. Crosta. "Lateral Spread." In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 1135–39. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3134-3_542.

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Park, Sang-Ku, Byung-Euk Joo, and Kwan Park. "Cases of Lateral Spread Response." In Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Hemifacial Spasm, 47–63. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1327-2_4.

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Law, Rebecca M., and Howard I. Maibach. "Phenomenon of Lateral Spread in Percutaneous Penetration." In Percutaneous Absorption, 281–84. 5th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429202971-20.

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Martinez, Elena, Steven Djordjevic, H. W. Stokes, and Piklu Roy Chowdhury. "Mobilized Integrons: Team Players in the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance Genes." In Lateral Gene Transfer in Evolution, 79–103. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7780-8_4.

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Gong, L., A. Barthel, J. Lorenz, and H. Ryssel. "Simulation of the Lateral Spread of Implanted Ions: Experiments." In ESSDERC ’89, 198–201. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52314-4_40.

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Hasançebi, Nilsun, Reşat Ulusay, and K. Önder Çetin. "A New Empirical Method to Predict Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spread." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 5, 1071–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09048-1_203.

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Dietenberger, Mark A. "Protocol for Ignitability, Lateral Flame Spread, and Heat Release Rate Using Lift Apparatus." In ACS Symposium Series, 435–49. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1995-0599.ch029.

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Van Ballegooy, Sjoerd, Kelvin Berryman, Bruce Deam, and Mike Jacka. "Repeated Major Episodes of Tectonic Deformation, Lateral Spread and Liquefaction in Christchurch During the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence of 2010–2011." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 5, 1043–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09048-1_199.

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Stauffer, John R. "The Time Spread of Star Formation in the Pleiades." In The Initial Mass Function 50 Years Later, 67–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3407-7_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lateral spread"

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Toshiyoshi, Hiroshi. "Lateral spread of MEMS WDM technologies." In SPIE MOEMS-MEMS, edited by Harald Schenk and Wibool Piyawattanametha. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.882725.

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Lam, Ignatius (Po), Pedro Arduino, and Peter Mackenzie-Helnwein. "OPENSEES Soil-Pile Interaction Study under Lateral Spread Loading." In International Foundation Congress and Equipment Expo 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41022(336)27.

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Arulmoli, K., G. R. Martin, M. G. Gasparro, S. Shahrestani, and G. Buzzoni. "Design of Pile Foundations for Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spread Displacements." In GeoTrans 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40744(154)160.

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Honegger, Douglas G. "Considerations for Selecting Approaches to Estimate Lateral Spread Displacements for Assessing Pipeline Performance." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10337.

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Liquefaction hazards, specifically lateral spread displacement resulting from liquefaction, are the most pervasive and often the most severe earthquake hazards to buried oil and natural gas transmission pipelines. While the potential threat of lateral spread displacements to buried pipelines has long been recognized, the availability of approaches and tools to assess the likelihood of liquefaction and estimate of the severity of the lateral spread hazard has improved significantly in the past 10 to 15 years. The most significant areas of improvements have focused on the development of probabilistic approaches, the use of alternatives to standard penetration tests such as cone penetrometer tests and shear wave velocity measurements, and methods to combine the results of dynamic site response analyses with what remains an empirical approach to liquefaction assessment. Approaches available for estimating lateral spread displacements can be generally divided into two categories, empirical methods and analytical methods. Empirical methods are generally limited to estimating the magnitude of lateral spread displacements at the ground surface and must rely upon judgment in defining ground displacements at depth, the size of the lateral spread, and the variation of lateral spread displacement both within and at the margins of the lateral spread zone. Current advanced analytical methods range from relatively simple mathematical analogs to finite element continuum models using either Eulerian or Lagrangian formulations. In addition, many researchers have developed specialty codes for assessing lateral spread displacement. As analytical methods have increased in complexity, there has been a commensurate increase in the cost to undertake these methods because of additional subsurface information requirements and the engineering effort to implement the analyses. Despite the significant advances in the ability to estimate lateral spread displacements, engineering assessment of pipeline performance for potential lateral spread hazards remains an approximate proposition requiring considerable judgment owing to practical limitations with respect to available information, modeling capabilities, and interpretation of modeling results. In many instances, these limitations raise questions regarding whether or not the added value provided by more sophisticated lateral spread modeling techniques justifies the substantial increase in costs. These questions are explored by comparing the advantages and constraints related to common approaches for estimating lateral spread hazard with respect to the ultimate goal of assessing the adequacy of a pipeline river crossing. The comparisons support a conclusion that the most advanced methods may not necessarily lead to a more reliable design solution.
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"Examination of wind speed thresholds for vorticity-driven lateral fire spread." In 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2013). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2013.a3.sharples3.

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Lingwall, Bret N., Daniel Gillins, and Michael D. Bunn. "An Update to the Great Earthquake Lateral Spread Case History Database." In IFCEE 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481592.028.

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Honegger, Douglas G., Mujib Rahman, Humberto Puebla, Dharma Wijewickreme, and Anthony Augello. "Definition of Lateral Spread Displacement for Regional Risk Assessments of Pipeline Vulnerability." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31354.

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Terasen Gas Inc. (Terasen) operates a natural gas supply and distribution system situated within one of the zones of the highest seismic activity in Canada. The region encompasses significant areas underlain by marine, deltaic, and alluvial soil deposits, some of which are considered to be susceptible to liquefaction and large ground movements when subjected to earthquake ground shaking. Terasen undertook an assessment of seismic risks to its transmission and key intermediate pressure pipelines in the Lower Mainland in 1994 [1]. The seismic assessment focused on approximately 500 km of steel pipelines ranging from NPS 8 to NPS 42 and operating at pressures from 1900 to 4020 kPa. The 1994 risk assessment provided the basis for detailed site-specific assessment and seismic upgrade programs to retrofit its existing system to reduce risks to acceptable levels. While the general approach undertaken in 1994 remains technically sound, advancements have been made over the past 15 years in the understanding of earthquake hazards and their impact on pipelines. In particular, estimates of the earthquake ground shaking hazard in British Columbia as published by Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) have recently been updated and incorporated into the 2005 National Building Code of Canada (NBCC). In addition, empirical methods of estimating lateral spread ground displacements have been improved as new case-history information has become available. Given these changes, Terasen decided in 2009 to reexamine the seismic risk to Terasen’s pipelines. The scope of the updated seismic risk study was expanded over that in 1994 to include pipelines on Vancouver Island and the Interior of British Columbia. For regional assessments, estimates of lateral spread displacements are necessarily based upon empirical formulations that relate displacement to variables of earthquake severity (earthquake magnitude and distance), susceptibility to liquefaction (density, grain size, fines content), and topography (distance from a river bank or ground slope). Implementing empirical formulae with the results of probabilistic seismic hazard calculations is complicated by the fact that the empirical approach requires earthquake magnitude and distance, as a parametric couple, to be related to the ground shaking severity. However, but such a relationship does not exist in the estimates of mean or modal earthquake magnitude and distance disaggregated from a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. This paper presents an overview of the approach to regional risk assessment undertaken by Terasen and discusses the unique approach adopted for determining lateral spread displacements consistent with the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis.
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McCormack, Thomas, and Rick Thrall. "Decoupling Lateral Spread Response from Structural Inertial Loading: A Design Case Study." In Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7920-4_s2-g11-cd.

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Li, Jiabo, Weigang Li, Zhaohui Guo, Zhaozhun Zhong, and Xiongjun Wu. "Lateral Spread Prediction Based on Generalized Additive Model for Hot Strip Finishing Mill." In 2019 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2019.8833332.

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Yan, Aimin, Liren Liu, Dean Liu, Shuyun Teng, and Yu Zhou. "Analysis and applications of lateral-spread volume holographic lens for optical beams conversion." In Optical Science and Technology, the SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, edited by Francis T. S. Yu, Ruyan Guo, and Shizhuo Yin. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.557869.

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Reports on the topic "Lateral spread"

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Ohlemiller, T., and S. Dolan. Ignition and lateral flame spread characteristics of certain composite materials. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.89-4030.

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Jones, Marcus, and Nick E. Christians. Spaced Plantings of Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars for Evaluation of Lateral Spread. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-251.

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Jones, Marcus, and Nick E. Christians. Lateral Spread and Divot Recovery of Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars in Non-mowed and Mowed Settings. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2155.

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Levantovych, Oksana. COVID 19 MEDIA COVERAGE: AN ANALYSIS OF HEORHII POCHEPTSOV’S VIEW. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11061.

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The article analyses the peculiarities of the coverage of the covid pandemic in the Ukrainian media, the emphasis placed by the media in news, and how the online mode of modern life and social distancing affects the growth of media influence. Special attention is paid to the view of the famous publicist Heorhii Pocheptsov, who does not exclude the possibility that the coronavirus was invented intentionally to control millions of people around the world. Permanently, the world faces numerous challenges of different scales: economic, military, socio-political, environmental, epidemiological ones. In 2020, the largest and the most unexpected event, undoubtedly, was the deadly coronavirus pandemic, which spread from the small Chinese province of Wuhan to the whole world and already took more than one million people’s lives in less than a year. Thus, the media, that in the post-information society actually have an unprecedented impact on people, form a person’s perception of such challenges. As a result, our understanding of the pandemic is directly related to the information we consume from the media. In fact, from the very start of quarantine, the media space began to be captured by analytical materials in which experts from various fields tried to predict what the world would be like after the end of coronavirus. These experts were of two types: some claimed that irreversible changes would deepen the permanent economic and socio-political crisis, and by claiming that they intensified panic, while others argued that any crisis is a chance to restart and grow. The experts put different emphases covering the covid pandemic in the media, but it is important to pay attention to the analysis of the famous publicist, propaganda researcher – Heorhii Pocheptsov, who sees the coronavirus as a tool to influence millions of people. The pandemic will end sooner or later, but no matter whether the virus was artificially invented or not, the processes that have already been launched around the world cannot stop as if nothing had happened. But Heorhii Pocheptsov’s opinion about the possible artificial nature of the virus should make us more vigilant while consuming information from TVs or from the online media, as it is possible that this information might be a part of a great game that we were not warned about.
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