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Journal articles on the topic 'Lateral stiffness'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Hanada, R., T. Nagumo, and T. Mashita. "Phase Lag of Tire Cornering Force." Tire Science and Technology 17, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 184–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2141684.

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Abstract Automobile handling can be greatly improved by reducing the phase lag of tire cornering force behind imposed distortion. We have shown experimentally that this lag is related to in-plane stiffness of the belt and to radial, lateral, and circumferential stiffnesses of the sidewall. While the cornering stiffness is related to the belt rigidity, either can be changed without affecting the sidewall stiffnesses. The cornering stiffness, for example, is sensitive to design factors such as tread compound and tread pattern. The radial, lateral, and circumferential sidewall stiffnesses, however, are mutually perpendicular at a given point in a tire, so they cannot be changed independently of each other. In order to reduce the phase lag of the cornering force, the lateral and circumferential stiffnesses must be increased with a minimum increase in radial stiffness. This can be done by either lowering the radial location of the maximum section width of the inflated tire or by proper changes in material and/or design elements of the sidewall.
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2

Leung, A. Y. "Dynamic stiffness for lateral buckling." Computers & Structures 42, no. 3 (February 1992): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(92)90028-x.

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3

Hu, Ye, Magdi Mohareb, and Ghasan Doudak. "Effect of Eccentric Lateral Bracing Stiffness on Lateral Torsional Buckling Resistance of Wooden Beams." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 02 (February 2018): 1850027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021945541850027x.

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An energy-based solution is developed for the lateral torsional buckling (LTB) analysis of wooden beams with flexible mid-span lateral bracing offset from section mid-height and subjected to uniformly distributed or mid-span point load. The study shows that such beams are prone to two potential buckling modes; symmetric or anti-symmetric. The symmetric mode is shown to govern the capacity of the beam for low bracing stiffness while the anti-symmetric mode governs the capacity when the bracing stiffness exceeds a threshold value. Using the present formulation, the threshold bracing stiffness required to suppress the symmetric mode and maximize the critical moments is directly obtained by solving a special eigenvalue problem in the unknown bracing stiffness. The technique thus eliminates the need for trial and error in standard solutions. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of bracing height, load height, and bracing stiffness on the critical moments. A large database of runs is generated and used to develop simple expressions for determining the threshold bracing stiffness required to maximize the elastic LTB resistance.
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4

Xu, Liufeng. "Research on nonlinear modeling and dynamic characteristics of lateral stiffness of vehicle air spring system." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 6 (June 2020): 168781402093045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020930457.

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This paper established a lateral stiffness coupling model to investigate the lateral characteristics of air spring system under crosswind conditions. The nonlinear super-elastic characteristics, coupling characteristics of the air spring, lateral stiffness characteristics of emergency spring, and damping force are studied. The accuracy of the lateral stiffness model is validated by comparing with experimental data. In addition, the impact of geometric parameters on the lateral stiffness characteristics is discussed by a sensitivity analysis method, as well as the effect of the lateral stiffness model on vehicle mechanical performance is analyzed. The conclusions show that the lateral stiffness model can well predict the lateral characteristics of the air spring system, and provide theoretical guidance for the parameter design of rail vehicles and vehicle ride comfort improvement.
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5

O'Rourke, Michael, and Mushtaq A. Nasim. "Lateral Stiffness of Contact Pile Foundations." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 113, no. 5 (May 1987): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1987)113:5(520).

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6

Watson, Douglas C., and Alton H. Phillips. "Vibration isolator with low lateral stiffness." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119, no. 4 (2006): 1913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2195825.

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7

Vacharajittiphan, P., and N. S. Trahair. "Direct Stiffness Analysis of Lateral Buckling." Combustion Science and Technology 100, no. 1-6 (October 1994): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102209408935443.

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8

Fiechtner*, G. J., and M. A. Linne. "Direct Stiffness Analysis of Lateral Buckling." Combustion Science and Technology 100, no. 1-6 (October 1994): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102209408935444.

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9

WU, MINGER, and KENICHI HIRAI. "LATERAL BUCKLING OF THE STRUTS IN BEAM STRING STRUCTURES CONSIDERING THE LAYOUT OF STRINGS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 12, no. 03 (May 2012): 1250015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455412500150.

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The struts in a beam string structure (BSS) may buckle laterally under compression. The lateral buckling of the struts is determined not only by the rotational stiffness of the beam–strut joints and the length and bending stiffness of the struts, but also by the rise and lateral stiffness of the beam, the number of struts, and the layout of strings. In this paper, the multi-strut BSS with several types of layout of strings is studied. An analytical method for estimating the lateral buckling load of the struts in BSS is proposed. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the variation of the lateral buckling of the struts in the BSS for different string layouts. In the end, the validity of the proposed method is examined by means of numerical simulations using the geometrically nonlinear finite element method.
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10

Lan, Peng, Teng Fei Wang, and Nian Li Lu. "Out-of-Plane Stability Analysis for Crane Jib with Single Cable Considering Lateral Flexibility of the Cable Fixed Joint." Applied Mechanics and Materials 685 (October 2014): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.685.240.

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The out-of-plane stability of crane jib is studied considering the lateral flexibility of the fixed joint. The analytical expression of the out-of-plane buckling characteristic equation for the crane jib with single cable is obtained by establishing the bending deflection differential equation of jib under the instability critical state with the method of differential equation. The equilibrium equation of the fixed point in the lateral direction is introduced to solve the differential equation besides the boundary conditions. The analytical results obtained agree very well with the finite element method (FEM) results. To consider the lateral flexibility of the cable fixed joint, a dimensionless stiffness coefficient measuring the lateral constraint was introduced to derive the out-of-plane buckling characteristic equation. The degeneration forms of the characteristic equation under the limit cases of zero lateral stiffness, infinite lateral stiffness are further discussed. And the influence of the lateral stiffness of fixed joint on the stability of jib is investigated. It is shown that the increase of the lateral stiffness will significantly improve the buckling load of the crane jib especially when the lateral stiffness is very small.
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11

Bai, Fan, Kong Hui Guo, Bao Jun Zhang, and Dang Lu. "Analysis of Tire Cornering Stiffness Property under Slight Driving or Braking Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.767.

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A tire model considering the lateral and longitudinal stiffness of carcass was built to describe tire cornering stiffness property under slight driving or braking condition. The effects of carcass elastic on the tire cornering stiffness were analyzed by varying carcass stiffness. Analysis shows that tire cornering stiffness have a strong relationship to the tire carcass stiffness and the tire longitudinal force. Tire cornering stiffness increases with the increase of carcass bending stiffness and torsional stiffness. And tire cornering stiffness increases with the increase of the braking force if the carcass translation stiffness in the longitudinal direction is far more than that in the lateral direction. When carcass translation stiffness in the longitudinal direction is equal or less than that in the lateral direction, tire cornering stiffness decreases with the increase of the braking force.
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12

Jiang, Yi Ping. "Lateral Stiffness Simplified Calculation for Flexicoil Spring with Rubber Pad on One End of Railway Locomotive and Rolling Stock." Applied Mechanics and Materials 525 (February 2014): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.525.214.

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Based on classic lateral stiffness analysis theory of flexicoil spring and rubber pad, the mechanical model and mechanical relationships of flexicoil spring with rubber pad on one end are established, and the simplified calculation formula for the lateral stiffness of flexicoil spring with rubber pad on one end is derived. By contrasted with experimental results, the theoretical lateral stiffness values of the derived simplified formula are in good agreement with the experimental results, so the derived lateral stiffness simplified calculation formula is correct and accurate. The result of this simplified lateral stiffness calculation formula can meet the requirements of engineering theoretical analysis, this calculation method can provide theoretical basis for such structures design and application, and provide parameters for dynamic calculation of railway locomotive and rolling stock.
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13

Lu, Yong, Mingliang Zhang, and Dong Gao. "Lateral Force and Lateral Connection Stiffness of Flux Pinned Docking Interface." Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 26, no. 10 (February 23, 2013): 3027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-013-2117-4.

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14

Shuraim, A. B. "Lateral stiffness of plane reinforced concrete frames." Computers & Structures 64, no. 1-4 (July 1997): 771–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7949(96)00174-5.

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15

Neuenhofer, A. "Lateral Stiffness of Shear Walls with Openings." Journal of Structural Engineering 132, no. 11 (November 2006): 1846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2006)132:11(1846).

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16

Balaji, Palani S., Moussa Leblouba, Muhammad E. Rahman, and Lau Hieng Ho. "Static lateral stiffness of wire rope isolators." Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines 44, no. 4 (February 11, 2016): 462–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15397734.2015.1116996.

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17

Dickrell, Daniel J., and W. G. Sawyer. "Lateral Contact Stiffness and the Elastic Foundation." Tribology Letters 41, no. 1 (August 1, 2010): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-010-9666-5.

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18

Nie, JianGuo, and Li Zhu. "Lateral stiffness of steel plate shear walls." Science China Technological Sciences 57, no. 1 (December 26, 2013): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-013-5411-2.

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19

Sharma, Rakesh Chandmal, and Sunil Kumar Sharma. "Sensitivity analysis of three-wheel vehicle’s suspension parameters influencing ride behavior." Noise & Vibration Worldwide 49, no. 7-8 (July 2018): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957456518796846.

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In this article coupled vertical–lateral 9 degree-of-freedom model of a three-wheel vehicle formulated using Lagrangian dynamics is presented in order to determine its vertical and lateral ride. The model is justified by correlating the power spectral density vertical and lateral acceleration results determined from analysis with the same obtained from experimental measurements. The ride comfort of the vehicle is evaluated on the basis of ISO 2631-1 criteria. The sensitivity of vehicle suspension parameters on vertical and lateral ride behavior is analyzed, and it is noticed that rear-suspension damping coefficient, front-tire stiffness, rear-tire stiffness, front-tire damping coefficient, and rear-tire damping coefficient are critical parameters for vertical power spectral density acceleration. Rear-suspension stiffness, rear-suspension damping coefficient, front-tire stiffness, and rear-tire stiffness are critical parameters for lateral power spectral density acceleration.
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20

Liu, Can, Zhi Ping Zeng, Bin Wu, Jia Yu Yuan, and Xian Feng He. "Experimental Study on the Transverse Stiffness of WJ-8 Rail Fastening." Applied Mechanics and Materials 596 (July 2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.3.

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The study of WJ-8 rail fastening is about the relationship between lateral horizontal force and rail’s lateral displacement, and the rail fastening’s transverse stiffness was obtained since the rail slipped. The rail lateral displacement was measured by using the loading device of rail’s lateral horizontal force which was changed as needed. Moreover, when the lateral horizontal force changes, it was analyzed that how it affected rail’s lateral displacement and rail fastening’s transverse stiffness under different bolt torque conditions. Therefore, the recommended value of transverse stiffness is acquired which is based on analyzing the test results.
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21

Meyerhof, G. G., V. V. R. N. Sastry, and A. S. Yalcin. "Lateral resistance and deflection of flexible piles." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 25, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t88-056.

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The ultimate lateral resistance and the groundline lateral deflections under working loads of freestanding single model piles and small pile groups, of various materials and different embedded lengths, subjected to horizontal load have been investigated. The test results of piles of various stiffnesses in sand and clay are compared with theoretical analyses based on the concept of an effective embedment depth in terms of the behaviour of equivalent rigid piles. Key words: clay, piles, displacements, lateral load, lateral resistance, pile stiffness, sand, ultimate load.
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22

Kawan, Chandra Kiran. "Effect of stiffeners in lateral stiffness of masonry infill reinforced concrete (RC) frames." Journal of Science and Engineering 3 (December 1, 2015): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsce.v3i0.22383.

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Infilled frames are reinforced concrete frames with masonry infill. The provision of masonry walls as infill increases the lateral stiffness of frame. Unreinforced masonry infill effects the strength and stiffness of frame but being ignored for a long time. The main objective of this paper is to study the individual and combined effect of infill masonry wall, stiffeners and wooden frame in the lateral stiffness of infill reinforced concrete frame with central opening, with and without gap element consideration. From the analysis using SAP software, it is observed that with increase in openings, stiffness decreases but introducing stiffeners and wooden frame increases the lateral stiffness. Embedding the gap element as the boundary condition reduces the stiffness of the infilled frame. Numerical investigations are carried out by finite element modeling for analyzing the behavior of infilled frame. The single equivalent diagonal strut width was determined by obtaining the same lateral stiffness from finite element model, and also strut reduction factor for different conditions with central openings are proposed.
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23

Yan, Lu, Guohua Cao, Naige Wang, and Jishun Li. "Lateral stiffness and deflection characteristics of guide cable with multi-boundary constraints." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 7 (July 2017): 168781401771107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814017711079.

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Since lateral stiffness of existing wire ropes used as guide cables is difficult to achieve reliable guidance for conveyances in deep shaft wall, deflection-suppressed system is designed to reduce lateral displacement and enhance stiffness of guide cables. Theoretical method about cable stiffness is offered with multi-boundary constraints and validated by finite element method. With application analysis, the results show the lateral displacement and stiffness regulation under different boundary conditions. When guide cable tensions increase, the minimum lateral stiffness increases rapidly and later tends to vary linearly with two boundaries constrained, and its situation gradually moves to the middle. Besides, the increased boundaries lead to an increase in the minimum lateral stiffness by a certain linear ratio and the move of its position to the middle on the cable. The required minimum tensions at different boundaries are accordingly obtained. When the guide cables are arranged in different directions of the conveyance, their stiffness characteristics are revealed. Therefore, the arrangement of the two guide cables is proposed under multi-boundary constraints. The above study can be useful for reducing the conveyance deflection in cable-guided system and provide reference when selecting guide cable with multi-boundary constraints.
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24

Zhang, Wei Feng, Chuan Sheng Wang, Fu Xia Zhang, and Jia Hong Liu. "Study on Tube Formation Mechanism and Lateral Stiffness Testing Method of the Tubular Conveyor Belt." Applied Mechanics and Materials 532 (February 2014): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.532.351.

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The tubular conveyor belt is a main part of the conveyor belt industry. The lateral stiffness value is an important parameter measuring the performance of the tubular conveyor belt. Therefore, the lateral stiffness value is an important factor to test the quality of the tubular conveyor belt. Because of the complexity in measuring the tubular conveyor belt, at present, there is no unified method to measure the lateral stiffness of a tubular belt and no unified national standard for the stiffness value, which is the criterion that domestic enterprises lack to guide their production. The paper conducts the research on testing mechanism and testing methods of stiffness value, further demonstrates them by experiments, and solves the problem of poor reproducibility and large error of the stiffness value.
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25

Li, Feng, Shen Li, Guan Nan Wu, and Dong Wang. "Experimental Investigation on Four Types of Steel Plate Shear Walls." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.657.

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The overall seismic performance of steel plate shear walls, including unstiffened SPSW, cross-stiffened SPSW, and SPSW with opening, SPSW with slits and holes, under low cyclic loading were tested. Contrastive analyze their hysteretic curve, loading capacity, lateral stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation coefficient. Results indicate that the unstiffened SPSW seem to be with high resistance lateral stiffness and carrying capacity; however its hysteretic curve show pinch effect obviously. When cross-stiffener was set on unstiffened SPSW, the resistance lateral stiffness and loading capacity can be significantly improved. However, the pinch effect of hysteretic curve does not distinctly change. The resistance lateral stiffness and loading capacity of SPSW with holes and slits is lower, however hysteretic curve is full. In addition, the energy dissipation capacity and the phenomenon which the thin steel plate shear wall shows the zero stiffness even negative stiffness at the point of zero displacement under cyclic loading are dramatically improved.
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26

Marwahyudi, Marwahyudi. "STIFFNESS DINDING BATU BATA MENINGKATKAN KEKUATAN STRUKTUR." ASTONJADRO 9, no. 1 (May 23, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v9i1.2840.

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<p class="Abstrak">ABSTRAK</p><p class="IsiAbstrak">Stiffness atau kekakuan didefinisikan besar gaya yang menggerakan benda sejauh simpangan tertentu. Pada struktur gedung milai kuat tekan, simpangan sangat mempengaruhi kekuatan gedung. Nilai kuat tekan beton bisa dihitung dilaboraturim dan untuk nilai simpangan dapat dihitung dengan aplikasi software. Pada perencana gedung dalam merencana gedung kebanyakan tidak mempertimbangkan nilai kekuatan yang disumbangkan oleh dinding batu bata. Berdasarkan observasi dilapangan terkait gedung yang terpapar gempa, banyak sekali dinding mengalami kerusakan. Kondisi ini mengambarkan bahwa dinding mendapatkan gaya sehingga mengalami kerusakan. Kerusakan yang ada dapat terlihat maupun belum terlihat oleh penglihatan. Beberapa kerusakan dilapangan menarik untuk dianalisis terkait kerusakannya. Analisis tersebut mengunakan metode matematika matrik. Metode ini untuk mengetahui seberapa kemampuan menahan gaya lateral. Kemampuan dinding menahan gaya lateral sangat diperlukan dalam kekuatan struktur. Sehingga kemampuan dinding menahangaya lateral akan mempengaruhi kekuatan struktur. Kemampuan dinding batu bata menahan gaya lateral dinyatakan sebagai nilai stiffness. </p><p class="IsiAbstrak"><strong>Kata kunci</strong><strong>: </strong>Kekuatan struktur, gaya lateral Stiffness<strong></strong></p>
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27

Ma, Zhong, Minjuan He, Renle Ma, Zheng Li, and Linlin Zhang. "Experimental evaluation of the lateral load distribution in the elastic-plastic phase of timber-steel hybrid structures with a novel light timber-steel diaphragm." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 8 (February 19, 2019): 1965–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219831482.

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A cyclic loading experiment involving a timber-steel hybrid structure consisting of a steel frame and a novel light timber-steel diaphragm is presented to quantify the flexibility of the diaphragm and its ability to distribute lateral loads in the elastic-plastic phase of the structure. A lateral load-distribution factor was proposed, and its relationship to the ratio of the stiffness of the diaphragm to that of the lateral load-resisting elements was investigated. The diaphragm was classified based on these variables. The results indicated that the failure modes of the structure were associated with the forms of damage experienced by the lateral load-resisting elements, whereas little damage was observed for the diaphragm. The diaphragm exhibited the ability to continuously adjust the distribution of lateral loads to each lateral load-resisting element; accordingly, each lateral load-resisting element had approximately the same shear force, the same lateral stiffness, and the same lateral displacement during the loading process. As the lateral displacement increased, the stiffness ratio and load-distribution factor both gradually increased, and the diaphragm correspondingly changed from semi-rigid to rigid. At times, as the lateral displacement increased, the diaphragm rapidly became rigid, and it was unnecessarily rigid during the initial loading phase when the in-plane stiffness reached a certain threshold.
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28

Bently, D. E., P. Goldman, and A. Muszynska. "“Snapping” Torsional Response of an Anisotropic Radially Loaded Rotor." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815588.

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A rotor system with two orthogonal lateral and two angular (torsional) degrees of freedom is considered. The rotor has asymmetry of the lateral stiffness and is laterally loaded with a constant radial force and a rotating unbalance. Constant driving and load torques are applied to the rotor. The important part of the research includes an analysis of “snapping” action, when, during rotation, the rotor experiences a peak of torsional acceleration. This occurs when the “strong stiffness” axis of the anisotropic rotor passes under the axis of the sideload. The numerical simulation of the analytical model exhibits a snapping (accelerated) torsional response of the rotor at twice synchronous frequency (2×), and it is especially pronounced at 1× and 2× torsional resonances. The snapping response can initiate a rotor crack in the area of stress concentration, can stimulate existing crack propagation, and can be a cause of the coupling failure. The analytical results are obtained by the Averaging Method application. They confirm the numerical results and show the possibility of combination resonance occurrences. The synchronous dynamic stiffness for the frequency range around 1× lateral resonance is analytically obtained. The specific shape of the quadrature dynamic stiffness component can serve as a shaft crack indicator and can be used for early detection of a lateral crack on the rotor.
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29

Lenz, M., P. Varga, D. Mischler, B. Gueorguiev, K. Klos, A. Fernandez dell’Oca, P. Regazzoni, RG Richards, and Perren. "Helical plating – a novel technique to increase stiffness in defect fractures." European Cells and Materials 42 (August 19, 2021): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22203/ecm.v042a08.

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Single-plate fixation bridging bone defects provokes nonunion and risks plate-fatigue failure due to under- dimensioned implants. Adding a helical plate to bridge the fracture increases stiffness and balances load sharing. This study compares the stiffness and plate surface strain of different constructs in a transverse contact and gap femoral shaft fracture model. Eight groups of six synthetic femora each were formed: intact femora; intact femora with lateral locking plate; contact and gap transverse shaft osteotomies each with lateral locking plate, lateral locking plate and helical locking plate, and long proximal femoral nail. Constructs underwent non-destructive quasi-static axial and torsional loading. Plate surface strain evaluation was performed under 200 N axial loading. Constructs with both lateral and helical plates demonstrated similar axial and torsional stiffness– independent of the contact or gap situations – being significantly higher compared to lateral plating (p < 0.01). Torsional stiffness of the constructs, with both lateral and helical plates in the gap situation, was significantly higher compared to this situation stabilised by a nail (p < 0.01). Plate surface strain dropped from 0.3 % in the gap situation with a lateral plate to < 0.1 % in this situation with both a lateral and a helical plate. Additional helical plating increases axial and torsional construct stiffness in synthetic bone and seems to provide well-balanced load sharing. Its use should be considered in very demanding situations for gap or defect fractures, where single-plate osteosynthesis provides inadequate stiffness for fracture healing and induces nonunion.
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30

Yamazaki, S., and T. Akasaka. "Twisting Stiffness and Lateral Vibration of a Radial Tire Sidewall." Tire Science and Technology 16, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 223–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2148808.

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Abstract The present authors recently gave an analytical method for estimating three spring constants Kr, Ks, and Kt for sidewall stiffnesses of radial tires. These represent the radial, lateral, and in-plane rotational directions respectively [1,2,3]. The method is based on netting theory with special consideration to stiffness of the rubber matrices in the sidewall. These theoretical results were verified by experiment to have sufficient accuracy. In order to confirm the availability of these spring constants, the twisting stiffness Rt of a radial tire has been analyzed in the present paper by using a spring-supported ring model. An explicit formula for Rt, expressed in terms of the three components of the spring constant, was obtained. Experiments were conducted on a 175SR14 radial tire by increasing the inflation pressure while keeping the tread circumference constant. The theoretical results agreed well with the experimental results. A related problem is also referred to; this is the forced lateral vibration with fundamental eigen-modes of the inflated sidewall-rim system when the tread is fixed. Eigen-frequencies calculated by using those spring constants coincide well with the experimental results.
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31

Yin, Lihang, Wei Xu, Zechao Hu, Yuanchao Zhang, and Chuang Li. "Performance research and safety verification of compound structure air spring." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 12 (December 2020): 168781402097479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020974794.

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To further reduce the vertical stiffness of the air spring, appropriately reduce its lateral stiffness to attenuate the transmission of vibration along the lateral and longitudinal directions, a compound structure air spring (CSAS) was designed. It is a laminated structure with a hard elastic layer at the lower end of the original air spring. Prototypes of the air spring and the CSAS were produced, then related static and dynamic characteristics tests were conducted. Compared with the test results of the air spring, it can be found that under the same air pressure, the bearing capacity of the CSAS is decreased slightly; under rated load, the vertical static/dynamic stiffness and natural frequency is decreased slightly, and the lateral static/dynamic stiffness is decrease significantly. Furthermore, the CSAS was subjected to the safety and reliability tests, and its performance was stable without damage. This article expands the stiffness range of the air spring, and provides a new idea for the design of the air spring with low lateral to vertical stiffness ratio and low natural frequency.
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32

Teng, Jun, Wei Liang Guo, Bai Sheng Rong, and Zuo Hua Li. "Seismic Performance Research of High-Rise Diagrid Tube-Core Tube Structures." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2005.

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Diagrid tube structure system has advantages on constructing high-rise buildings due to its great stiffness, however, its seismic performance analysis are limited. 10 CFST diagrid tube-concrete core tube structures are analyzed by Mode-Pushover method using Perform-3D program. The plasticity developing process and components yield order are summarized. The force distribution between diagrid and core tubes is researched and the force redistribution reason is explained from the change of diagrid tube forces. The structure lateral stiffness degradation is discussed based on the developing process of diagrid and core tubes lateral stiffness. The influences of main lateral stiffness related factors on the structure plasticity developing process, force distribution and stiffness change of the tubes are discussed at last.
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33

Gu, Song, Zhi Zheng, Xiao Lei Chang, Zong Kai Wang, Zhou Ming Liao, and Zhou Xian Liao. "Interaction Analysis of Infilled Frame Structures under Lateral Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.559.

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Filler stiffness and confinement effect on the frame structure under horizontal loads, making the earthquake severely damaged in recent years with filler frame structure. Research shows that the actual stiffness frame structure with infill walls and internal force distribution and pure framework significantly different. In this paper, the equivalent model analysis bracing frame structure filler with actual stiffness, elasticity and structure from stage to stage of the internal forces shaping the distribution were analyzed. The results show that the stiffness of the contribution and the confinement effect filler by factors geometry, masonry materials, the impact of the framework is not the same, need to consider the specific analysis and structural design.
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34

Guan, Yu, Pei Song Liu, and Sheng Nan Song. "Finite Element Analysis on Seismic Behavior of Steel Frame-Steel Reinforced Concrete Lateral Resistance Wall Structure." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 1003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.1003.

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The ABAQUS finite element software is used to simulate the horizontal mechanical behavior of steel frame-steel reinforced concrete lateral resistance wall structure and analyze influencing factors. The parameters include the steel ratio of shape steel infill lateral resistance wall, the axial compression ratio of frame columns and the aspect ratio of lateral resistance wall. The results show that the lateral stiffness and carrying capacity of structural system raise as the steel ratio of shape steel infill wall increase. With the axial compression ratio of columns increase, structural system has little change in the lateral stiffness, while the bearing capacity decreases and the torsional constraint for the frame columns is enhanced gradually. With the aspect ratio of lateral resistance wall reduces, the lateral stiffness and bearing capacity of structural system increase, while the ductility decreases gradually.
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35

Topkaya, Cem, and Mehmet Atasoy. "Lateral stiffness of steel plate shear wall systems." Thin-Walled Structures 47, no. 8-9 (August 2009): 827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2009.03.006.

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36

Schultz, Arturo E. "Approximating Lateral Stiffness of Stories in Elastic Frames." Journal of Structural Engineering 118, no. 1 (January 1992): 243–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1992)118:1(243).

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37

Pradat, Pierre-François, Gaelle Bruneteau, Elisabetta Munerati, François Salachas, Nadine Le Forestier, Lucette Lacomblez, Timothee Lenglet, and Vincent Meininger. "Extrapyramidal stiffness in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." Movement Disorders 24, no. 14 (September 4, 2009): 2143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.22762.

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38

Asteris, P. G. "Lateral Stiffness of Brick Masonry Infilled Plane Frames." Journal of Structural Engineering 129, no. 8 (August 2003): 1071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2003)129:8(1071).

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39

Leung, A. Y. T. "Dynamic stiffness analysis for axial-lateral-torsional vibration." Dynamics and Stability of Systems 8, no. 1 (January 1993): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681119308806146.

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Sierra, C., E. Tseng, A. Jain, and H. Peng. "Cornering stiffness estimation based on vehicle lateral dynamics." Vehicle System Dynamics 44, sup1 (January 2006): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423110600867259.

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41

Yang, Guang Wu, and Shou Ne Xiao. "Study on Lateral Stiffness for Flexicoil Circle Springs with Rubber Pads." Advanced Materials Research 118-120 (June 2010): 902–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.118-120.902.

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In order to accurately obtain lateral stiffness of flexicoil circle spring with rubber pads, based on shear shape coefficient of solid and hollow thin-wall circle section, the shear shape coefficient of hollow circle section with different ratios between inner and outer diameter was obtained by difference method. By means of curve’s differential equations of elastic straight bar with uniform section, relations between forces and displacements as well as moments and rotation angles on end surfaces of spring and rubber pads was set up. According to the principle that force and moment under the connection surface between spring and rubber pad are the same and their signs are opposite, lateral stiffness of flexicoil circle spring with rubber pads was obtained. Calculation results show that in order to obtain accurate solution, correction factor of stiffness matrix must be considered when only lateral stiffness of spring is calculated, but the correction factor can not be considered when lateral stiffness of spring with rubber pads is calculated.
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42

He, Min Juan, Yi Zhao, and Ren Le Ma. "Lateral Resisting Experiment of Prestressed-Tube Bolted Connection for Post-and-Beam Timber Construction." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.631.

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Connections are key elements and the weak points for timber structures. The most commonly used bolted timber connections with slotted in steel plate have low lateral stiffness and poor ductility in post-and-beam construction. This paper introduces the prestressed-tube bolted connection to alleviate this problem. To evaluate its lateral resisting performance, the failure mode, strength, lateral stiffness, ductility, hysteresis curve and equivalent viscous damping ratio of the ordinary and improved connections, as determined by the monotonic and reversed cyclic loading test, are compared. The results demonstrate that the lateral stiffness of the prestressed-tube bolted connection has been significantly improved, and its ductility is also better than the normal bolted connection with no decrease in the ultimate moment resisting capacity. It is believed that the semi-rigid prestressed-tube bolted connection, as an alternative to current bolted solutions, may provide reasonable lateral stiffness and has good potential for use in post-beam timber construction.
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43

Sofi, Massoud, Elisa Lumantarna, Colin Duffield, and Priyan Mendis. "Effects of Interior Partition Walls on Natural Period of High Rise Buildings." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 06 (August 2017): 1771006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417710067.

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In regions of low to moderate seismicity, serviceability limits states such as inter-story drift under wind load govern the design of the lateral load resisting structural systems of high rise buildings. The key objective in this regard is to provide adequate lateral stiffness to control lateral deflections and inter-story drifts. Current design practice assumes that the structural system alone provides lateral resistance against wind, the dominant load considered for countries like Australia. The contribution of nonstructural components (NSCs) such as interior partition walls on lateral stiffness is generally disregarded in the analysis of the buildings, even though it is commonly acknowledged that the NSCs play a significant role on the lateral stiffness of buildings. This technical note presents the results of a parametric study on the effects of NSCs, in particular, the effects of masonry interior partition walls on the fundamental period of buildings. The parameters considered in this study include: the number and length of walls, their material properties, the number of parallel moment resisting frames and the height of buildings. The results of this study indicate that interior walls can have significant effects on the lateral stiffness of buildings.
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Zhang, Wen Fu, Hai Yan Sui, Zong Wang, and Jing Ji. "Buckling Analysis of Two-Span Continuous Beams with Lateral Elastic Brace under Uniform Load." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 641–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.641.

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Both total potential energy and buckling equation of two-span continuous beam with lateral elastic brace under uniform load are deduced, based on energy variation method and the principle of minimum potential energy. Buckling of H-beams is simulated by ANSYS software, then compared to theoretical value, validated its rationality. High precision buckling moment formula is regressed using 1stOpt which is a famous mathematical optimization analysis software in China. The relationship between lateral brace stiffness and buckling moment is obtained. Results: with lateral brace stiffness increases, critical bending moment of beam increases within up-limit, e.g. when lateral brace stiffness increases to certain extent, buckling moment no longer increases.
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45

Wagoner, Amanda, Matthew Allen, Claudia Zindl, Alan Litsky, Robert Orsher, and Ron Ben-Amotz. "Evaluating Stiffness of Fibreglass and Thermoplastic Splint Materials and Inter-fragmentary Motion in a Canine Tibial Fracture Model." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 31, no. 03 (April 16, 2018): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1637744.

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Objectives Various materials are used to construct splints for mid-diaphyseal tibial fracture stabilization. The objective of this study was to compare construct stiffness and inter-fragmentary bone motion when fibreglass (FG) or thermoplastic (TP) splints are applied to either the lateral or cranial aspect of the tibia in a mid-diaphyseal fracture model. Methods A coaptation bandage was applied to eight cadaveric canine pelvic limbs, with a custom-formed splint made of either FG or TP material applied to either the lateral or cranial aspect of the osteotomized tibia. Four-point bending tests were performed to evaluate construct stiffness and inter-fragmentary motion in both frontal and sagittal planes. Results For a given material, FG or TP, construct stiffness was not affected by splint location. Construct stiffness was significantly greater with cranial FG splints than with cranial TP splints (p < 0.05), but this difference was not significant when comparing splints applied laterally (p = 0.15). Inter-fragmentary motions in the sagittal and frontal planes were similar across splint types for cranial splints, but for lateral splints there was a 64% reduction in frontal plane motion when FG was used as the splint material (p = 0.03). Clinical Significance FG produces a stiffer construct, but the difference is not reflected in a reduction in inter-fragmentary motion. For lateral splints, FG splints are associated with reduced inter-fragmentary motion as compared with TP and may therefore have slight superiority for this application.
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Gu, Li Xiong, and Rong Hui Wang. "The Dynamic Characteristics of Rigid Frame Single-Rib Arch Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 1426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1426.

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In this paper, by establishing the finite element model to study the dynamic characteristics of rigid frame single-rib arch bridge. By respectively changing structural parameters of the span ratios, and the compressive stiffness of arch, and the bending stiffness of arch, and the bending stiffness of bridge girder, and the layout of boom to find out the regularity of the structure on lateral stiffness, and vertical stiffness, and torsional stiffness as well as dynamic properties, it come out the results of that lateral stiffness of the structure is weaker, and increasing the span ratios and the compressive strength of arch are conducive to the improvement of the overall stiffness, and improving the bending strength of arch and layout of boom are less effect on the overall stiffness and mode shape.
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47

Kledrowetz, Jan, Jakub Javořík, and Rohitha Keerthiwansa. "Evaluation of a Tyre Tread Pattern Stiffness Using FEA." Materials Science Forum 952 (April 2019): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.952.243.

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This paper deals with an FEM simulation of a multi-purpose tyre. It is focused on the tyre tread pattern lateral stiffness under static conditions. Its behaviour under given radial and lateral loads and its stiffening using connecting bridges are simulated. A tyre is a complex composite composed of different rubber materials and textile or steel reinforcements. Rubber materials are described using hyperelastic models in the analyses. FEM software MSC Marc/Mentat is employed as a calculation tool and its various functionalities are utilized for a description of the tyre models. In the last step, calculated stiffnesses of all the tread patterns were evaluated and compared to each other.
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48

Guo, Lirong, Kaiyun Wang, Zaigang Chen, Zhiyong Shi, Kaikai Lv, and Rui Zhang. "EFFECT OF LATERAL STIFFNESS OF SECONDARY SUSPENSIONS ON HEAVY-HAUL LOCOMOTIVES STABILITY DURING BRAKING BASED ON SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENT." Transport 34, no. 5 (November 21, 2019): 548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.11509.

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This paper aimed to investigate the effect of the lateral stiffness of secondary suspensions on the stability capacity and running safety of heavy-haul locomotives during braking based on the dynamic model and the field braking tests. The dynamic model of heavy-haul locomotives included two double-unit locomotives and five coupler systems. Simulation results indicate that the increasing of the lateral stiffness of secondary suspensions can improve the stability capacity and running safety of heavy-haul locomotives. Then, the field braking experiments were conducted to validate the dynamic model. Comparing the experiment results of different locomotives, the coupler and carbody yaw angles are respectively decreased by 31.8 and 29.5%, which is consistent with the simulation results. It is worthy to be noted that lateral vibration behaviour of the carbody increases with the increasing of the lateral stiffness of secondary suspensions. For the improved locomotive, the main frequency of lateral acceleration is 1…2 Hz. However, the main frequency of lateral acceleration is 0.5…1 Hz in the original locomotive tests. Moreover, the high-frequency vibration is increased, especially in 10…12.5 Hz. According to the simulation and experiment results, the reasonable lateral stiffness of secondary suspensions is 400 kN/m for the test locomotive.
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Park, Young Mi, Sang Whan Han, and Ja Ock Cho. "Stiffness Reduction for Flat Plate Systems due to Cracking." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.781.

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The purpose of this study is to propose a stiffness reduction factor for flat plate systems under lateral loads. According to current design provisions, slab stiffness under lateral loads should account for stiffness reduction due to the effects of cracks. Several researchers have conducted for evaluating the stiffness reduction in flat plate slab systems under lateral loads. However, no research is found for establishing strength reduction factor with respect to the level of applied moment. This study attempted to propose equations for calculating stiffness reduction factor with respect to the level of applied moment (Ma) represented by the ratio of Ma to the cracking moment of the slab (Mcr). For this purpose, test results of 20 interior slab-column connections were collected. For each specimen, stiffness reduction was measured with respect to Ma/Mcr. To verify the proposed factor, this study conducted the experimental test of interior connection under quasistatic cyclic loading, from which load-deformation curve was obtained. The curve was compared with that obtained from the effective beam width method with the proposed stiffness reduction factor. It shows that the proposed factor accurately predicts stiffness reduction in flat plate systems.
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50

Bhatia, Nitin, Asheen Rama, Brandon Sievers, Ryan Quigley, Michelle H. McGarry, Yu-Po Lee, and Thay Q. Lee. "Biomechanical Evaluation of Unilateral Versus Bilateral C1 Lateral Mass-C2 Intralaminar Fixation." Global Spine Journal 7, no. 3 (April 7, 2017): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2192568217694152.

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Study Design: Biomechanical, cadaveric study. Objectives: To compare the relative stiffness of unilateral C1 lateral mass-C2 intralaminar fixation to intact specimens and bilateral C1 lateral mass-C2 intralaminar constructs. Methods: The biomechanical integrity of a unilateral C1 lateral mass-C2 intralaminar screw construct was compared to intact specimens and bilateral C1 lateral mass-C2 intralaminar screw constructs. Five human cadaveric specimens were used. Range of motion and stiffness were tested to determine the stiffness of the constructs. Results: Unilateral fixation significantly decreased flexion/extension range of motion compared to intact ( P < .001) but did not significantly affect axial rotation ( P = .3) or bending range of motion ( P = .3). There was a significant decrease in stiffness in extension for both unilateral and bilateral fixation techniques compared to intact ( P = .04 and P = .03, respectively). There was also a significant decrease in stiffness for ipsilateral rotation for the unilateral construct compared to intact ( P = .007) whereas the bilateral construct significantly increased ipsilateral rotation stiffness compared to both intact and unilateral fixation ( P < .001). Conclusion: Bilateral constructs did show improved biomechanical properties compared to the unilateral constructs. However, unilateral C1-C2 fixation using a C1 lateral mass and C2 intralaminar screw-rod construct decreased range of motion and improved stiffness compared to the intact state with the exception of extension and ipsilateral rotation. Hence, a unilateral construct may be acceptable in clinical situations in which bilateral fixation is not possible, but an external orthosis may be necessary to achieve a fusion.
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