Journal articles: 'Lateralization index'

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Zou, Hongliang, and Jian Yang. "Exploring the Brain Lateralization in ADHD Based on Variability of Resting-State fMRI Signal." Journal of Attention Disorders 25, no. 2 (December 6, 2018): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054718816170.

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Objective: In this study, we investigate the brain lateralization in ADHD patients. Furthermore, we also explore the difference between male and female patients, and the difference among distinct ADHD subtypes, that is, ADHD–inattentive (ADHD-IA) and ADHD–combined (ADHD-C). Method: We employed the standard deviation to quantify the variability of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal and measure the lateralization index (LI). Results: ADHD patients showed significantly increased rightward lateralization in the inferior frontal gyrus (opercular), precuneus, and paracentral lobule, and decreased rightward lateralization in the insula. Compared with male patients, female patients showed significantly rightward lateralization in the putamen and lobule VII of cerebellar hemisphere. ADHD-C patients exhibited increased rightward lateralization in the inferior frontal gyrus (opercular), and decreased rightward lateralization in the inferior temporal gyrus, as compared with ADHD-IA. The LI was also found to be related to inattentive and hyper/impulsive scores. Conclusion: These key findings may aid in understanding the pathology of ADHD.

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Yozamp, Nicholas, Gregory L. Hundemer, Marwan Moussa, Jonathan Underhill, Tali Fudim, Barry Sacks, and Anand Vaidya. "Adrenocorticotropic Hormone–Stimulated Adrenal Venous Sampling Underestimates Surgically Curable Primary Aldosteronism: A Retrospective Cohort Study and Review of Contemporary Studies." Hypertension 78, no. 1 (July 2021): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17248.

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Guidelines recommend adrenal venous sampling to determine disease laterality in primary aldosteronism. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation clearly improves the likelihood of successful adrenal vein catheterization but may lead to a decrease in lateralization rates. To examine the impact of ACTH on lateralization, we performed a retrospective analysis of 340 patients with confirmed primary aldosteronism who underwent adrenal venous sampling with a single interventional radiology team using a protocol of sampling both before and after an ACTH bolus. In addition to this original research, we conducted a review of similar studies from the past 5 years to develop a consensus on the impact of ACTH on lateralization for primary aldosteronism. In the original research analysis, following a bolus of ACTH, 58% of patients had a decline in lateralization index which led to discordance between the pre-ACTH and post-ACTH classifications of lateralization in up to 26% of cases. The majority of discordant cases were due to reclassification from unilateral disease pre-ACTH to bilateral disease post-ACTH. In patients who already lateralized with unstimulated sampling, the response to ACTH did not have any impact on surgical outcomes. In a review of contemporary studies, we identified 11 similar studies in the past 5 years, of which 10 reported either no change or a decrease in lateralization index following ACTH, resulting in ≈25% discordance between unstimulated and stimulated lateralization rates. We conclude that ACTH stimulation during adrenal venous sampling can underestimate surgically remediable primary aldosteronism and recommend that the role of ACTH be limited primarily to enhancing selectivity.

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Gazit, Tomer, Fani Andelman, Yifat Glikmann-Johnston, Tal Gonen, Aliya Solski, Irit Shapira-Lichter, Moran Ovadia, et al. "Probabilistic machine learning for the evaluation of presurgical language dominance." Journal of Neurosurgery 125, no. 2 (August 2016): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.7.jns142568.

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OBJECTIVE Providing a reliable assessment of language lateralization is an important task to be performed prior to neurosurgery in patients with epilepsy. Over the last decade, functional MRI (fMRI) has emerged as a useful noninvasive tool for language lateralization, supplementing or replacing traditional invasive methods. In standard practice, fMRI-based language lateralization is assessed qualitatively by visual inspection of fMRI maps at a specific chosen activation threshold. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a new computational technique for providing the probability of each patient to be left, right, or bilateral dominant in language processing. METHODS In 76 patients with epilepsy, a language lateralization index was calculated using the verb-generation fMRI task over a wide range of activation thresholds (from a permissive threshold, analyzing all brain regions, to a harsh threshold, analyzing only the strongest activations). The data were classified using a probabilistic logistic regression method. RESULTS Concordant results between fMRI and Wada lateralization were observed in 89% of patients. Bilateral and right-dominant groups showed similar fMRI lateralization patterns differentiating them from the left-dominant group but still allowing classification in 82% of patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings present the utility of a semi-supervised probabilistic learning approach for presurgical language-dominance mapping, which may be extended to other cognitive domains such as memory and attention.

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O’Toole, Samuel Matthew, Wing-Chiu Candy Sze, Teng-Teng Chung, Scott Alexander Akker, Maralyn Rose Druce, Mona Waterhouse, Sarah Pitkin, et al. "Low-grade Cortisol Cosecretion Has Limited Impact on ACTH-stimulated AVS Parameters in Primary Aldosteronism." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 10 (August 12, 2020): e3776-e3784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa519.

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Abstract Context In primary aldosteronism, cosecretion of cortisol may alter cortisol-derived adrenal venous sampling indices. Objective To identify whether cortisol cosecretion in primary aldosteronism alters adrenal venous sampling parameters and interpretation. Design Retrospective case–control study Setting A tertiary referral center Patients 144 adult patients with primary aldosteronism who had undergone both adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated adrenal venous sampling and dexamethasone suppression testing between 2004 and 2018. Main Outcome Measures Adrenal venous sampling indices including adrenal vein aldosterone/cortisol ratios and the selectivity, lateralization, and contralateral suppression indices. Results 21 (14.6%) patients had evidence of cortisol cosecretion (defined as a failure to suppress cortisol to ≤50 nmol/L post dexamethasone). Patients with evidence of cortisol cosecretion had a higher inferior vena cava cortisol concentration (P = .01) than those without. No difference was observed between the groups in terms of selectivity index, lateralization index, lateralization of aldosterone excess, or adrenal vein cannulation rate. Conclusions Cortisol cosecretion alters some parameters in adrenocorticotrophic hormone-stimulated adrenal venous sampling but does not result in alterations in patient management.

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Dadda, Marco, Wouter H. Koolhaas, and Paolo Domenici. "Behavioural asymmetry affects escape performance in a teleost fish." Biology Letters 6, no. 3 (January 20, 2010): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0904.

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Escape performance is fundamental for survival in fish and most other animals. While previous work has shown that both intrinsic (e.g. size, shape) and extrinsic (e.g. temperature, hypoxia) factors can affect escape performance, the possibility that behavioural asymmetry may affect timing and locomotor performance in startled fish is largely unexplored. Numerous studies have found a relationship between brain lateralization and performance in several cognitive tasks. Here, we tested the hypothesis that behavioural lateralization may affect escape performance in a teleost, the shiner perch Cymatogaster aggregata . Escape responses were elicited by mechanical stimulation and recorded using high-speed video (250 Hz). A number of performance variables were analysed, including directionality, escape latency, turning rate and distance travelled within a fixed time. A lateralization index was obtained by testing the turning preference of each subject in a detour test. While lateralization had no effect on escape directionality, strongly lateralized fish showed higher escape reactivity, i.e. shorter latencies, which were associated with higher turning rates and longer distances travelled. Therefore, lateralization is likely to result in superior ability to escape from predator attacks, since previous work has shown that escape timing, turning rate and distance travelled are among the main determinants of escape success.

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Herbrecht, A., M. Messerer, and F. Parker. "Development of a lateralization index for intramedullary astrocytomas and ependymomas." Neurochirurgie 63, no. 5 (November 2017): 410–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuchi.2016.04.006.

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WHITEHOUSE, ANDREW J. O., NICHOLAS BADCOCK, MARGRIET A. GROEN, and DOROTHY V. M. BISHOP. "Reliability of a novel paradigm for determining hemispheric lateralization of visuospatial function." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 15, no. 6 (November 2009): 1028–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617709990555.

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AbstractIn most individuals, language production and visuospatial skills are subserved predominantly by the left and right hemispheres, respectively. Functional Transcranial Doppler (fTCD) provides a noninvasive and relatively low-cost method for measuring functional lateralization. However, while the silent word generation task provides an accurate and reliable paradigm for investigating lateralization of language production, there is no comparable gold-standard method for measuring visuospatial skills. Thirty undergraduate students (19 females) completed a task of spatial memory while undergoing fTCD recording. Participants completed this task at two different time points, separated by between 26 to 155 days. The relative activation between hemispheres averaged across all participants was found to be consistent across testing sessions. This was observed at the individual level also, with a quantitative index of lateralization showing high reproducibility. These findings indicate that the use of the spatial memory task with fTCD is a robust methodology for examining laterality of visuospatial skills. (JINS, 2009, 15, 1028–1032.)

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Prabhakar, Anuj, Niranjan Khandelwal, Sameer Vyas, Vivek Gupta, ParampreetS Kharbanda, and Manju Mohanty. "Functional MRI in epilepsy – Comparison of Lateralization index and language scoring." Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 29, no. 2 (2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijri.ijri_281_18.

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Lim, Dae-Woon, Byung-Chan Min, Hyun-Jun Kim, Mi-Hyun Choi, Soo-Jeong Lee, Jae-Hoon Jun, Bongsoo Lee, and Soon-Cheol Chung. "Cerebral Lateralization Index Based on Intensity of Bold Signal of FMRI." International Journal of Neuroscience 118, no. 11 (January 2008): 1628–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207450802330777.

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Liu, Wei, Jingjing Zhang, Yaling Yang, Yinxin Jin, Zaizhao Li, Liting You, Jianguang Luo, and Xin Su. "Effect of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Stimulation During Simultaneous Bilateral Adrenal Vein Sampling in Primary Aldosteronism." Hormone and Metabolic Research 53, no. 06 (June 2021): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1498-6958.

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AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the significance and influence of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation in primary aldosteronism (PA) patients with simultaneous bilateral adrenal vein sampling (AVS). All patients diagnosed with PA underwent simultaneous bilateral AVS with ACTH. In 95 patients, the post-ACTH SI significantly increased (p<0.001), and it gradually decreased from t10–t30 after ACTH stimulation (p<0.001). The unsuccessful catheterization decreased after ACTH stimulation. Time points within 20 min after ACTH stimulation were better for sampling, and the selectivity did not increase over longer periods. According to lateralization before and after ACTH stimulation, the patients could be divided into 3 groups (U, unilateral; B, bilateral): U/U , U/B or B/U, and B/B. Compared with the U/U group, in the U/B or B/U and B/B groups, the lateralization index (LI) was lower both at baseline and after ACTH stimulation (p<0.0001), the contralateral index (CLI) was higher after ACTH stimulation (p<0.003), the serum potassium level was higher (p<0.001), and the carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) and base excess (BE) levels were lower. In conclusion, in simultaneous bilateral AVS, ACTH stimulation had significant effects on increasing the catheterization selectivity. Lateralization change was observed after stimulation. After ACTH stimulation, fewer patients could be diagnosed with lateralized PA. Patients with consistent lateralized PA showed a more serious phenotype.

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Deppe, Michael, Stefan Knecht, Karsten Papke, Hubertus Lohmann, Helge Fleischer, Walter Heindel, E. Bernd Ringelstein, and Henning Henningsen. "Assessment of Hemispheric Language Lateralization: A Comparison between fMRI and fTCD." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 20, no. 2 (February 2000): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004647-200002000-00006.

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The cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) in the basal arteries during a word-generation task was assessed by functional transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (fTCD) and by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The study investigates how event-related CBFV modulations in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) relate to regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes. Both fMRI and fTCD were used in 13 subjects (7 men, 6 women, aged 21 to 44 years). The maximum difference of relative CBFV changes between the left and right MCA during the word-generation task was used as the language laterality index ( LIfTCD). For the fMRI examination during the nearly identical language task, the corresponding index was defined by LIfMRI = 100(NL − NR)/(NL + NR), where NL and NR refer to the numbers of voxels activated in the left and right hemisphere, respectively. The evoked CBFV changes expressed by LIfTCD and the corresponding laterality index, LIfMRI, estimated by fMRI showed a close linear relation (regression analysis: r = 0.95, p < 0.0001). The results of this study demonstrate that language-related velocity changes in the MCAs relate to rCBF increases in a linear fashion. Since the laterality indices assessed by fMRI and fTCD are in such close agreement both techniques can therefore be used in a complementary way.

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Ganesh, Malini, Shabirhusain S. Abadin, and Leon Fogelfeld. "ADRENAL VEIN SAMPLING WITHOUT DISCONTINUATION OF MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST THERAPY." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 9 (September 2020): 953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2019-0599.

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Objective: Guidelines recommend withdrawing mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists (MRAs) for 4 weeks prior to adrenal vein sampling (AVS), but this is not always feasible because of hypertension and hypokalemia. This retrospective study of primary aldosteronism (PA) patients who underwent AVS between 2008 and 2018 assessed the effect of continuing MRA on the AVS procedure. Methods: Clinical data including antihypertensive regimen defined by the World Health Organization Daily Defined Dose (DDD) system were collected for 19 patients with adequate cannulation and lateralization during AVS. Results were compared between 5 patients who continued and 14 patients who discontinued MRA therapy (MRA and non-MRA groups). Results: At diagnosis, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), potassium (K) doses, and DDD were not significantly different between groups. Aldosterone-renin ratio was significantly higher in the MRA group (median, 375.0; interquartile range [IQR], 224.8 to 544.3 vs. 148.7, 118.4 to 192.1; P = .034). No difference was found in lateralization index (median 48.3; IQR, 23.6 to 52.1 vs. 8.7; 4.9 to 20.2; P = .10). Contralateral suppression, defined as aldosterone-cortisol ratio of unaffected adrenal to periphery, trended lower in the MRA group (median, 0.17; IQR, 0.03 to 0.39 vs. 0.51; 0.27 to 1.1; P = .056). All five MRA patients underwent successful adrenalectomy with at least 50% reduction in DDD and PAC and normal K postoperatively. One MRA patient did not lateralize, which was confirmed on repeat AVS, after MRA withdrawal. Conclusion: Continuation of MRA may not interfere with AVS lateralization or affect contralateral adrenal suppression. Continuation of MRA in preparation for AVS may be considered, especially in patients with severe PA, to avoid uncontrolled hypertension and severe hypokalemia. Abbreviations: ACTH = adrenocorticotropic hormone; APA = aldosterone-producing adenoma; ARR = aldosterone-renin ratio; AV = adrenal vein; AVS = adrenal vein sampling; CS = contralateral suppression; DDD = daily defined dose; IQR = interquartile range; K = potassium; LI = lateralization index; MRA = mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; PA = primary aldosteronism; PAC = plasma aldosterone concentration; PRA = plasma renin activity

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Spaniel, Filip, Jaroslav Tintera, Tomas Hajek, Jiri Horacek, Monika Dezortova, Milan Hajek, Colleen Dockery, Jiri Kozeny, and Cyril Höschl. "Language lateralization in monozygotic twins discordant and concordant for schizophrenia. A functional MRI pilot study." European Psychiatry 22, no. 5 (July 2007): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.11.002.

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AbstractAimPrevious studies have suggested altered structural and functional asymmetry of the brain in schizophrenia.MethodsFunctional MRI was used to assess differences in cortical activation during a verbal task in Broca's area and its contralateral homologue in four pairs of right-handed monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant and concordant for schizophrenia with low and high familial loading for the illness and four healthy control MZ twin pairs.ResultsPooled data from all subjects with schizophrenia showed increased activation in the right homologue of Broca's area in contrast to healthy individuals. Concordant twins (i.e. high familial loading group) showed prominent between co-twin differences in lateralization index within given region of interest. Intra-pair differences in lateralization index were significantly higher in concordant twins compared to the controls (0.69 ± 0.4 vs. 0.13 ± 0.13, P < 0.03), albeit no significant differences in the variable were shown between the discordant and control groups.ConclusionThis study provides evidence of reduced cerebral dominance for language processing in patients with schizophrenia. The findings further suggest the need for additional research on relative proportion of genetic and environmental factors underlying deviations of functional asymmetry in schizophrenia.

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Wannachalee, Taweesak, Lili Zhao, Kazutaka Nanba, Aya T. Nanba, James J. Shields, William E. Rainey, Richard J. Auchus, and Adina F. Turcu. "Three Discrete Patterns of Primary Aldosteronism Lateralization in Response to Cosyntropin During Adrenal Vein Sampling." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 104, no. 12 (August 13, 2019): 5867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2019-01182.

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Abstract Context Cosyntropin [ACTH (1–24)] stimulation during adrenal vein (AV) sampling (AVS) enhances the confidence in the success of AV cannulation and circumvents intraprocedure hormonal fluctuations. Cosyntropin’s effect on primary aldosteronism (PA) lateralization, however, is controversial. Objectives To define the major patterns of time-dependent lateralization, and their determinants, after cosyntropin stimulation during AVS. Methods We retrospectively studied patients with PA who underwent AVS before, 10, and 20 minutes after cosyntropin stimulation between 2009 and 2018. Unilateral (U) or bilateral (B) PA was determined on the basis of a lateralization index (LI) value ≥4 or <4, respectively. Available adrenal tissue underwent aldosterone synthase–guided next-generation sequencing. Results PA lateralization was concordant between basal and cosyntropin-stimulated AVS in 169 of 222 patients (76%; U/U, n = 110; B/B, n = 59) and discordant in 53 patients (24%; U/B, n = 32; B/U, n = 21). Peripheral and dominant AV aldosterone concentrations and LI were highest in U/U patients and progressively lower across intermediate and B/B groups. LI response to cosyntropin increased in 27% of patients, decreased in 33%, and remained stable in 40%. Baseline aldosterone concentrations predicted the LI pattern across time (P < 0.001). Mutation status was defined in 61 patients. Most patients with KCNJ5 mutations had descending LI, whereas those with ATP1A1 and ATP2B3 mutations had ascending LI after cosyntropin stimulation. Conclusion Patients with severe PA lateralized robustly regardless of cosyntropin use. Cosyntropin stimulation reveals intermediate PA subtypes; its impact on LI varies with baseline aldosterone concentrations and aldosterone-driver mutations.

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Bleich-Cohen, Maya, Talma Hendler, Moshe Kotler, and Rael D. Strous. "Reduced language lateralization in first-episode schizophrenia: An fMRI index of functional asymmetry." Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 171, no. 2 (February 2009): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.03.002.

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Matsuo, Kayako, Kenta Kono, Kazutaka Shimoda, Yasushi Kaji, and Kazufumi Akiyama. "Reproducibility of the lateralization index in functional magnetic resonance imaging across language tasks." Journal of Neurolinguistics 57 (February 2021): 100943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2020.100943.

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Issac, Manju E. "Effect of Kashima's Surgery in Bilateral Abductor Vocal Cord Palsy." International Journal of Phonosurgery & Laryngology 7, no. 1 (2017): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10023-1133.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Bilateral abductor palsy is treated by tracheostomy or any lateralization procedure. Kashima's surgery is a lateralization procedure introduced by Kashima in 1989. Objective To evaluate the effect of Kashima's surgery using subjective measures of breathing quality in patients with bilateral abductor palsy. Materials and methods This is a prospective study with 31 patients (3 men, 28 women) who underwent Kashima's surgery between January 2013 and December 2015 in the Laryngology department. Subjective evaluation was done by using dyspnea index score in the pre- and postoperative periods. Dyspnea index score is calculated based on answers given to a 7-point questionnaire and assessed by Likert scale, a self-assessment scale. For each point, the scores range from 0 to 3, and the maximum score is 21. Patients who already had tracheotomy were given a score of 14. This score was calculated again using the same questionnaire in the pretracheostomy scenario. Results There is significant reduction in the dyspnea index score with a median reduction score of 9 and improvement of quality-of-life after Kashima's surgery. Conclusion Dyspnea index score is easy to administer. Considering the cost of treatment and high success rate of decannulation, it is obvious that Kashima's surgery is effective and affordable in bilateral abductor palsy. How to cite this article Issac ME. Effect of Kashima's Surgery in Bilateral Abductor Vocal Cord Palsy. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2017;7(1):10-12.

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Eler, Nebahat, and Serdar Eler. "2D: 4D, Lateralization and Strength in Handball Players." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 5 (April 18, 2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i5.3220.

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Lateralization, which is also known as hand preference, and 2D:4D finger ratio is a sign of prenatal testosterone and known to be associated with strength. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between 2D: 4D, lateralization and hand grip strength in relation to hand and forearm that are thought to be effective in handball in elite handball players. 67 female and 67 male elite players participated in this study. The height, weight, body-mass index and hand preference of these athletes have been identified and 2D: 4D finger measurements and hand grip strength tests were performed. When identifying the preferences regarding lateralization, the hand distribution preference was determined by the Oldfield questionnaire and evaluated using the Geschwind score. After photocopy images of the two hands of the athletes were taken, their finger lengths were measured Hand grip strength was determined by a Jamar hydraulic dynamometer. Strong correlation was found especially between 2D: 4D and dominant hand grip strength in male and female elite handball players. The ratio of left-handedness due to the positions of players during the game among male and female athletes has been found to be higher than that of the general population. With regard to gender, 2D: 4D was found to be lower in males than females but hand grip was found to be higher in males than females. Besides, a significant correlation between height and BMI with 2D:4D, sport age, height, body weight and hand grip strength was found. This study emphasizes the importance of 2D: 4D, handgrip strength and hand preference in handball.

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Wilke, Marko, and Vincent J. Schmithorst. "A combined bootstrap/histogram analysis approach for computing a lateralization index from neuroimaging data." NeuroImage 33, no. 2 (November 2006): 522–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.010.

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Umakoshi, Hironobu, Mika Tsuiki, Maki Yokomoto-Umakoshi, Yoshiyu Takeda, Yoneda Takashi, Isao Kurihara, Hiroshi Itoh, et al. "Correlation Between Lateralization Index of Adrenal Venous Sampling and Standardized Outcome in Primary Aldosteronism." Journal of the Endocrine Society 2, no. 8 (May 24, 2018): 893–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/js.2018-00055.

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Jones, S. E., S. Y. Mahmoud, J. Gonzalez-Martinez, D. S. Lockwood, D. Moon, A. S. Smith, T. W. Stultz, A. L. Tievsky, and M. D. Phillips. "Application of a Computerized Language Lateralization Index from fMRI by a Group of Clinical Neuroradiologists." American Journal of Neuroradiology 34, no. 3 (September 13, 2012): 564–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a3271.

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Lemée, Jean-Michel, Eva Chinier, Pauline Ali, Matthieu Labriffe, Aram Ter Minassian, and Mickael Dinomais. "(Re)organisation of the somatosensory system after early brain lesion: A lateralization index fMRI study." Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 63, no. 5 (October 2020): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2019.02.001.

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Matsuo, Kayako, Shen-Hsing Annabel Chen, and Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng. "AveLI: A robust lateralization index in functional magnetic resonance imaging using unbiased threshold-free computation." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 205, no. 1 (March 2012): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.12.020.

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Gidron, Yori, Peter Hall, Keith A. Wesnes, and Romola S. Bucks. "Does a neuropsychological index of hemispheric lateralization predict onset of upper respiratory tract infectious symptoms?" British Journal of Health Psychology 15, no. 3 (September 2010): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/135910709x471391.

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Pigoni, A., G. Delvecchio, C. Perlini, M. Barillari, M. Ruggeri, C. Altamura, M. Bellani, and P. Brambilla. "Sexual-dimorphism of the planum temporale in schizophrenia: An MRI study." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1621.

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IntroductionAnatomical alterations in the Superior Temporal Gyrus (STG) have been reported in schizophrenia. The STG is one of the most asymmetric and lateralized structure of the brain, and the process of lateralization seems to vary according to gender. Although it has been suggested that patients with schizophrenia do not show normal brain lateralization, only few studies investigated it in the STG considering the effects of sex.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to evaluate sexual dimorphism in STG volumes in a sample of patients with schizophrenia compared to age-and sex-matched healthy controls.MethodsSeventy-two right-hander males (40 schizophrenia patients and 32 controls) and 45 right-hander females (18 schizophrenia patients and 27 controls) underwent clinical evaluation and a 1.5 T MRI scan. Gray and white matter volumes of regions of interests within the STG were detected, including the Heschl's Gyrus (HG) and the planum temporale (PT).ResultsFemale patients with schizophrenia presented a reduction in left PT gray matter volumes (F = 4.58, P = 0.03) and a lack of the normal PT asymmetry index (t = 0.27; P = 0.79) compared to female controls (t = 5.47; P < 0.001). No differences were found between males for volumes or laterality. Also, in patients with schizophrenia STG gray and white volumes negatively correlated with positive symptoms (r = −0.33, P = 0.02 and r = −0.29, P = 0.03 respectively), whereas left PT gray matter volumes were negatively associated to duration of illness (r = −0.27, P = 0.04).ConclusionsSexual dimorphism plays a key role on PT in schizophrenia, underlying the importance of gender as a modulator of brain morphology and lateralization of schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Oßwald, Andrea, Evelyn Fischer, Christoph Degenhart, Marcus Quinkler, Martin Bidlingmaier, Anna Pallauf, Katharina Lang, et al. "Lack of influence of somatic mutations on steroid gradients during adrenal vein sampling in aldosterone-producing adenoma patients." European Journal of Endocrinology 169, no. 5 (November 2013): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-13-0551.

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ObjectiveAdrenal vein sampling (AVS) is a technically demanding procedure required for the identification of suitable candidates for unilateral adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism. Recently, somaticKCNJ5K+-channel mutations in aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) patients have been shown to influence steroid gradients during AVS. These and other recently identified genetic modifiers (ATP1A1andATP2B3) might affect the final diagnosis and treatment of the affected patients.DesignFifty-nine patients with APAs who had undergone successful AVS (adrenal vein cortisol:peripheral cortisol ratio ≥2) and had undergone a mutation analysis of their tumor tissue were studied. The mutation status of the APAs was as follows: 19KCNJ5mutations, eight ATPase mutations (fiveATP1A1and threeATP2B3), and 32 patients with none of these mutations.MethodsThe lateralization index (ratio of aldosterone:cortisol on the side of the adenoma to aldosterone to cortisol on the contralateral side) and the contralateral suppression index (ratio of aldosterone:cortisol on the contralateral side to aldosterone to cortisol in the periphery) were calculated for theKCNJ5-mutated, ATPase-mutated, and theKCNJ5/ATPase mutation-negative APA patients.ResultsThe lateralization indices of the ATPase mutation carriers had a median of 19.9 compared with a median of 16.0 in theKCNJ5mutation carriers and that of 20.5 in theKCNJ5/ATPase mutation-negative patients. The contralateral suppression indices of the ATPase-mutated patients had a median of 0.1 compared with a median of 0.4 in theKCNJ5mutation carriers and that of 0.2 in theKCNJ5/ATPase mutation-negative patients. The differences between the genetic groups were not statistically significant.ConclusionsWe did not find evidence for a clinically important impact of mutation status on steroid gradients during AVS.

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Hacini, Inès, Kelly De Sousa, Sheerazed Boulkroun, Tchao Meatchi, Laurence Amar, Maria-Christina Zennaro, and Fabio L. Fernandes-Rosa. "Somatic mutations in adrenals from patients with primary aldosteronism not cured after adrenalectomy suggest common pathogenic mechanisms between unilateral and bilateral disease." European Journal of Endocrinology 185, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-21-0338.

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Objective Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common form of secondary and curable hypertension. Different germline and somatic mutations are found in aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and familial forms of the disease, while the causes of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) remain largely unknown. Adrenalectomy is the recommended treatment for patients with APA; however, 6% of patients are not cured and show persistent PA after surgery suggesting BAH. The objective of this study was to analyze clinical data of patients with APA without biochemical success after adrenalectomy as well as the histological and genetic characteristics of their adrenal glands. Design and methods Clinical data of 12 patients with partial and absent biochemical cure were compared to those from 39 PA patients with hormonal cure after surgery. Histological, morphological, and genetic characterization of the adrenals was carried out by CYP11B2 and CYP11B1 immunostaining and by CYP11B2-guided NGS. Results Patients with absent hormonal cure displayed a longer duration of arterial hypertension and lower lateralization index of aldosterone production. In ten patients, APAs expressing CYP11B2 were identified. No difference in histological and morphological characteristics was observed between patients with or without a hormonal cure. Somatic mutations in APA driver genes were identified in all CYP11B2 positive APAs; CACNA1D mutations were the most frequent genetic abnormality. Conclusions Patients with partial and absent biochemical cure were diagnosed later and exhibited a lower lateralization index of aldosterone production, suggesting asymmetric aldosterone production in the context of BAH. Somatic mutations in adrenal glands from those patients indicate common mechanisms underlying BAH and APA.

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Rossitto, Giacomo, Laurence Amar, Michel Azizi, Anna Riester, Martin Reincke, Christoph Degenhart, Jiri Widimsky, et al. "Subtyping of Primary Aldosteronism in the AVIS-2 Study: Assessment of Selectivity and Lateralization." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 6 (September 20, 2019): 2042–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz017.

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Abstract Context Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the key test for subtyping primary aldosteronism (PA), but its interpretation varies widely across referral centers and this can adversely affect the management of PA patients. Objectives To investigate in a real-life study the rate of bilateral success and identification of unilateral aldosteronism and their impact on blood pressure outcomes in PA subtyped by AVS. Design and settings In a retrospective analysis of the largest international registry of individual AVS data (AVIS-2 study), we investigated how different cut-off values of the selectivity index (SI) and lateralization index (LI) affected rate of bilateral success, identification of unilateral aldosteronism, and blood pressure outcomes. Results AVIS-2 recruited 1625 individual AVS studies performed between 2000 and 2015 in 19 tertiary referral centers. Under unstimulated conditions, the rate of biochemically confirmed bilateral AVS success progressively decreased with increasing SI cut-offs; furthermore, with currently used LI cut-offs, the rate of identified unilateral PA leading to adrenalectomy was as low as <25%. A within-patient pairwise comparison of 402 AVS performed both under unstimulated and cosyntropin-stimulated conditions showed that cosyntropin increased the confirmed rate of bilateral selectivity for SI cut-offs ≥ 2.0, but reduced lateralization rates (P < 0.001). Post-adrenalectomy outcomes were not improved by use of cosyntropin or more restrictive diagnostic criteria. Conclusion Commonly used SI and LI cut-offs are associated with disappointingly low rates of biochemically defined AVS success and identified unilateral PA. Evidence-based protocols entailing less restrictive interpretative cut-offs might optimize the clinical use of this costly and invasive test. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab XX: 0-0, 2020)

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Brumer, Irène, Enrico De Vita, Jonathan Ashmore, Jozef Jarosz, and Marco Borri. "Implementation of clinically relevant and robust fMRI-based language lateralization: Choosing the laterality index calculation method." PLOS ONE 15, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): e0230129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230129.

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Li, Xiaonan, Robert J. Zatorre, and Yi Du. "The Microstructural Plasticity of the Arcuate Fasciculus Undergirds Improved Speech in Noise Perception in Musicians." Cerebral Cortex 31, no. 9 (May 26, 2021): 3975–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab063.

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Abstract Musical training is thought to be related to improved language skills, for example, understanding speech in background noise. Although studies have found that musicians and nonmusicians differed in morphology of bilateral arcuate fasciculus (AF), none has associated such white matter features with speech-in-noise (SIN) perception. Here, we tested both SIN and the diffusivity of bilateral AF segments in musicians and nonmusicians using diffusion tensor imaging. Compared with nonmusicians, musicians had higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right direct AF and lower radial diffusivity in the left anterior AF, which correlated with SIN performance. The FA-based laterality index showed stronger right lateralization of the direct AF and stronger left lateralization of the posterior AF in musicians than nonmusicians, with the posterior AF laterality predicting SIN accuracy. Furthermore, hemodynamic activity in right superior temporal gyrus obtained during a SIN task played a full mediation role in explaining the contribution of the right direct AF diffusivity on SIN performance, which therefore links training-related white matter plasticity, brain hemodynamics, and speech perception ability. Our findings provide direct evidence that differential microstructural plasticity of bilateral AF segments may serve as a neural foundation of the cross-domain transfer effect of musical experience to speech perception amid competing noise.

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Fontoura, Denise Ren da, Daniel de Moraes Branco, Mauricio Anés, Jaderson Costa da Costa, and Mirna Wetters Portuguez. "Language brain dominance in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy: a comparative study between functional magnetic resonance imaging and dichotic listening test." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 66, no. 1 (March 2008): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2008000100009.

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PURPOSE: To identify brain dominance for language functions with DLT and correlate these results with those obtained from fMRI in patients suffering from intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. METHOD: This study reports on 13 patients who underwent pre-surgical epileptic evaluation between April and October 2004 at the Epilepsy Surgery Program, Hospital Sao Lucas, PUCRS. In DLT, dominance was assessed through a consonant-vowel task, whereas in fMRI patients performed a verb generation task. RESULTS: Our results identified a correlation between the fMRI lateralization index and the DLT ear predominance index and reply difference index (r=0.6, p=0.02; Pearson Correlation Coefficient), showing positive correlation between results obtained from fMRI and DLT. CONCLUSION: DLT was found to significantly correlate with fMRI. These findings indicate that DLT (a non-invasive procedure) could be a useful tool to evaluate language brain dominance in pre-surgical epileptic patients as it is cheaper to perform than fMRI.

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Wolley, Martin J., Richard D. Gordon, Ashraf H. Ahmed, and Michael Stowasser. "Does Contralateral Suppression at Adrenal Venous Sampling Predict Outcome Following Unilateral Adrenalectomy for Primary Aldosteronism? A Retrospective Study." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 100, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 1477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-3676.

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Context: In primary aldosteronism (PA), adrenal vein sampling (AVS) distinguishes unilateral and bilateral disease by comparison of aldosterone/cortisol (A/F) ratios. There is controversy about the criteria for interpretation, however, and in particular it is not clear whether contralateral suppression (CS) (defined as A/Fadrenal ≤ A/Fperipheral on the unaffected side) is important. We therefore performed a retrospective study to determine whether CS in surgically treated unilateral PA was associated with blood pressure (BP) and biochemical outcomes. Setting and Design: Patients who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy for PA after successful AVS were included if the lateralization index (A/Fdominant:A/Fnondominant) was ≥2. Cases were reviewed at 6 to 24 months follow-up for outcomes with respect to the presence and degree of CS. Results: Sixty-six of 80 patients had CS. Baseline characteristics were similar. At postoperative follow-up, those with CS had lower systolic BP (SBP) (128 mm Hg vs 144 mm Hg, P = .001), a greater proportion with cure or improvement of hypertension (96% vs 64%, P = .0034), a greater proportion with biochemical cure of PA on fludrocortisone suppression testing (43 of 49 [88%] vs 4 of 9 [44%], P = .002) and were taking a lower median number of antihypertensive medications (0 vs 1.5, P = .0032). In a multivariate model, the degree of CS and preoperative SBP were both significantly correlated with postoperative SBP, but the lateralization index, sex, and age were not. Conclusion: In this study, the presence of CS correlated with good BP and biochemical outcomes from surgery. This finding suggests that CS should be a factor in deciding whether to offer surgery for treatment of PA.

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Sharma, Aditi, Zaineb Amin Mohsin, Claudia Moore-Gillon, Joseph Derry, Kate Thomas, Matthew Whitlock, Emma Louise Williams, et al. "Utility of Plasma Metanephrines in Adrenal Venous Sampling in Primary Aldosteronism." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A303—A304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.618.

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Abstract Introduction: Adrenal Venous Sampling (AVS) is the most reliable means of identifying surgically curable subtypes of primary aldosteronism (PA). Cortisol levels are used to determine cannulation success and lateralization. However, cortisol has a variable secretion pattern and long-half life, and can be co-secreted by adrenal adenomas, leading to misinterpretation of results. Plasma metanephrines (MN) are a possible alternative analyte. MN levels are unaffected by stress, have a short half-life of 3–6 minutes and are released continuously by the adrenals, resulting in very high concentration gradients between the adrenal veins (AV) and peripheral veins (PV), thus providing a sensitive means to determine cannulation success. Premise:The objective of this study was to see if MN can be used in lieu of cortisol in AVS. A secondary end-point was to see if the data was particularly useful in patients who are known co-secretors of cortisol. Methods: Data from AVS carried out without cosyntropin stimulation, from October 2018 to March 2020, were analysed retrospectively. Of these, 51 had additional samples drawn for MN at the time of the procedure and were recruited. Six patients were identified as having autonomous cortisol secretion as they failed an overnight dexamethasone suppression test (ONDST). The data was analysed using cortisol and MN separately and then compared with regards to their selectivity and lateralization index. Data was also analysed to see if known co-secretors had an elevated cortisol/MN ratio of more than 2 on the affected side as described in previous papers. Results: When compared to cannulation and lateralization outcomes using cortisol, similar results were obtained using, a MN AV/PV ratio of more than 12 to indicate successful cannulation and an aldosterone/MN ratios of greater than 5 to confirm lateralization. Contralateral suppression to less than 0.5 for aldosterone/MN below the PV was seen in unilateral disease. With regards to the six co-secretors, all had elevated cortisol/MN ratios of more than 2 on the affected side. Three had concordant results but the other three had discrepant results, with MN analysis suggesting unilateral disease and cortisol measurements suggesting bilateral disease. Two had undergone surgery with biopsy confirming unilateral disease that correlated with MN analysis. The third is under medical management. Conclusion: This is the first study evaluating the use of MN to determine lateralisation of aldosterone production in PA. Further studies are needed, but using MN may be a more reliable alternative to cortisol in the analysis of AVS before definitive surgery in particular in patients with cortisol co-secretion.

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Scharf, Hannah M., Katharine Stenstrom, Miri Dainson, Thomas J. Benson, Esteban Fernandez-Juricic, and Mark E. Hauber. "Mimicry-dependent lateralization in the visual inspection of foreign eggs by American robins." Biology Letters 15, no. 7 (July 2019): 20190351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0351.

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Brain lateralization, or the specialization of function in the left versus right brain hemispheres, has been found in a variety of lineages in contexts ranging from foraging to social and sexual behaviours, including the recognition of conspecific social partners. Here we studied whether the recognition and rejection of avian brood parasitic eggs, another context for species recognition, may also involve lateralized visual processing. We focused on American robins ( Turdus migratorius ), an egg-rejecter host to occasional brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds ( Molothrus ater ) and tested if robins preferentially used one visual hemifield over the other to inspect mimetic versus non-mimetic model eggs. At the population level, robins showed a significantly lateralized absolute eyedness index (EI) when viewing mimetic model eggs, but individuals varied in left versus right visual hemifield preference. By contrast, absolute EI was significantly lower when viewing non-mimetic eggs. We also found that robins with more lateralized eye usage rejected model eggs at higher rates. We suggest that the inspection and recognition of foreign eggs represent a specialized and lateralized context of species recognition in this and perhaps in other egg-rejecter hosts of brood parasites.

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Müller, BW, G. Sartory, and A. Tackenberg. "The Movement-Related Potential in Children with Migraine and Tension-Type Headache." Cephalalgia 22, no. 2 (March 2002): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2002.00331.x.

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Migraine is characterized by an elevated contingent negative variation (CNV) in adults and children. In the present study the movement-related potential preceding self-initiated movements, the Bereitschaftspotential, was investigated in 30 children (mean age 12 years) who were suffering from migraine and tension-type headache and in 16 healthy age-matched controls. Children pressed a button 80 times with the right index finger while movement-related potentials were recorded from frontal and central electrodes. Whereas healthy children evidenced positive movement-related potentials at left and midline positions, children with migraine and tension-type headache showed negative movement-related potentials at midline leads without lateralization. Negativity was even more pronounced in cases of migraine with than without aura symptoms.

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Acar, Hakan, and Nebahat Eler. "The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) With Cerebral Lateralization and Grip Strength in Elite Swimmers." Journal of Education and Training Studies 6, no. 4 (March 11, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v6i4.3040.

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The index finger and the 4th finger ratio (2D:4D) is the indicator of the prenatal testosterone. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between 2D:4D, hand preference and hand grip strength in swimmers. A total of 80 elite swimmers, participated in the study. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), hand 2D:4D finger measurements and hand grip strength tests were performed for athletes. The hand preference was determined by the Oldfield questionnaire and it was evaluated according to the Geschwind score. The data were recorded in the SPSS 20 program and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. It was found that in both men and women, a negative correlation was found between right and left hand 2D:4D and both dominant (DHGS) and non-dominant hand grip strength (NDHGS) values. It was found that men had lower 2D:4D ratio than women. For both right and left handed, there was a statistically significant difference between the right and left hand 2D:4D ratios in both men and women (p<0.05) and the dominant hand (DH) 2D:4D ratios were found to be lower than non-dominant hand (NDH) 2D:4D ratios in both men and women (p<0.05) It can be said that the 2D:4D ratios may be the effect of determining the hand preference, the grip strength and therefore the strength.

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Hakvoort, Britt, Aryan van der Leij, Ellie van Setten, Natasha Maurits, Ben Maassen, and Titia van Zuijen. "Dichotic listening as an index of lateralization of speech perception in familial risk children with and without dyslexia." Brain and Cognition 109 (November 2016): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2016.09.004.

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Shen, Jiangyan, Ke Fang, Ping Liu, Yanzhu Fan, Jing Yang, Di Shen, Jinjin Song, and Guangzhan Fang. "Low-frequency electroencephalogram oscillations govern left-eye lateralization during anti-predatory responses in the music frog." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 21 (September 23, 2020): jeb232637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.232637.

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ABSTRACTVisual lateralization is widespread for prey and anti-predation in numerous taxa. However, it is still unknown how the brain governs this asymmetry. In this study, we conducted behavioral and electrophysiological experiments to evaluate anti-predatory behaviors and dynamic brain activities in Emei music frogs (Nidirana daunchina), to explore the potential eye bias for anti-predation and the underlying neural mechanisms. To do this, predator stimuli (a model snake head and a leaf as a control) were moved around the subjects in clockwise and anti-clockwise directions at steady velocity. We counted the number of anti-predatory responses and measured electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra for each band and brain area (telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon). Our results showed that (1) no significant eye preferences could be found for the control (leaf); however, the laterality index was significantly lower than zero when the predator stimulus was moved anti-clockwise, suggesting that left-eye advantage exists in this species for anti-predation; (2) compared with no stimulus in the visual field, the power spectra of delta and alpha bands were significantly greater when the predator stimulus was moved into the left visual field anti-clockwise; and, (3) generally, the power spectra of each band in the right-hemisphere for the left visual field were higher than those in the left counterpart. These results support that the left eye mediates the monitoring of a predator in music frogs and lower-frequency EEG oscillations govern this visual lateralization.

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Lin, Yueh-Hsin, Nicholas B. Dadario, Jorge Hormovas, Isabella M. Young, Robert G. Briggs, Alana E. MacKenzie, Ali H. Palejwala, et al. "Anatomy and White Matter Connections of the Superior Parietal Lobule." Operative Neurosurgery 21, no. 3 (July 10, 2021): E199—E214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opab174.

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Abstract BACKGROUND The superior parietal lobule (SPL) is involved in somatosensory and visuospatial integration with additional roles in attention, written language, and working memory. A detailed understanding of the exact location and nature of associated white matter tracts could improve surgical decisions and subsequent postoperative morbidity related to surgery in and around this gyrus. OBJECTIVE To characterize the fiber tracts of the SPL based on relationships to other well-known neuroanatomic structures through diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI)-based fiber tracking validated by gross anatomical dissection as ground truth. METHODS Neuroimaging data of 10 healthy, adult control subjects was obtained from a publicly accessible database published in Human Connectome Project for subsequent tractographic analyses. White matter tracts were mapped between both cerebral hemispheres, and a lateralization index was calculated based on resultant tract volumes. Post-mortem dissections of 10 cadavers identified the location of major tracts and validated our tractography results based on qualitative visual agreement. RESULTS We identified 9 major connections of the SPL: U-fiber, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, middle longitudinal fasciculus, extreme capsule, vertical occipital fasciculus, cingulum, and corpus callosum. There was no significant fiber lateralization detected. CONCLUSION The SPL is an important region implicated in a variety of tasks involving visuomotor and visuospatial integration. Improved understanding of the fiber bundle anatomy elucidated in this study can provide invaluable information for surgical treatment decisions related to this region.

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Treistman, Natalia, Aline Barbosa Moraes, Stéphanie Cozzolino, Patrícia de Fatima dos Santos Teixeira, and Leonardo Vieira Neto. "Adrenal Venous Sampling in Primary Aldosteronism: The Usefulness of Contralateral Suppression Index." Case Reports in Medicine 2019 (September 3, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1604367.

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Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the gold standard test to differentiate the unilateral from the bilateral form in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) although it may be a difficult procedure, especially the successful cannulation of the right adrenal vein. In this report, we describe a 49-year-old female patient diagnosed with PA, after investigating resistant hypertension and refractory hypokalemia. Abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a 2.5 cm adenoma on the right adrenal vein. AVS was performed under cosyntropin infusion. Aldosterone and cortisol concentrations were obtained from the right and left adrenal veins and inferior vena cava (IVC). Cortisol on each adrenal vein divided by cortisol on IVC confirmed successful cannulation of the left side only, which makes it impossible to calculate the lateralization index (LI). From the data on the left adrenal vein and IVC, the aldosterone-to-cortisol ratio divided by the IVC aldosterone-to-cortisol ratio was less than 1.0, suggesting that the left adrenal vein was suppressed with the excess aldosterone originating from the contralateral side (contralateral suppression index (CSI)). Right adrenalectomy was performed; postoperative hypoaldosteronism was confirmed. This report highlights the importance of CSI obtained in AVS when technical difficulties occur making it impossible to obtain LI, which is most commonly used to decide between surgical and clinical management of PA.

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Rajan, Abhijit, Scott N. Siegel, Yuelu Liu, Jesse Bengson, George R. Mangun, and Mingzhou Ding. "Theta Oscillations Index Frontal Decision-Making and Mediate Reciprocal Frontal–Parietal Interactions in Willed Attention." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 7 (June 21, 2018): 2832–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy149.

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Abstract Attention can be attracted reflexively by sensory signals, biased by learning or reward, or focused voluntarily based on momentary goals. When voluntary attention is focused by purely internal decision processes (will), rather than instructions via external cues, we call this “willed attention.” In prior work, we reported ERP and fMRI correlates of willed spatial attention in trial-by-trial cuing tasks. Here we further investigated the oscillatory mechanisms of willed attention by contrasting the event-related EEG spectrogram between instructional and choice cues. Two experiments were conducted at 2 different sites using the same visuospatial attention paradigm. Consistent between the 2 experiments, we found increases in frontal theta power (starting at ~500 ms post cue) for willed attention relative to instructed attention. This frontal theta increase was accompanied by increased frontal–parietal theta-band coherence and bidirectional Granger causality. Additionally, the onset of attention-related posterior alpha power lateralization was delayed in willed attention relative to instructed attention, and the amount of delay was related to the timing of frontal theta increase. These results, replicated across 2 experiments, suggest that theta oscillations are the neuronal signals indexing decision-making in the frontal cortex, and mediating reciprocal communications between the frontal executive and parietal attentional control regions during willed attention.

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Daniels, Stephanie K., David M. Corey, Cristen L. Barnes, Nikki M. Faucheaux, Daniel H. Priestly, and Anne L. Foundas. "Cortical Representation of Swallowing: A Modified Dual Task Paradigm." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 3 (June 2002): 1029–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.3.1029.

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It is unclear whether the cortical representation of swallowing is lateralized to the left cerebral hemisphere, right hemisphere, or bilaterally represented. As dysphagia is common in acute stroke, it is important to elucidate swallowing lateralization to facilitate earlier detection of stroke patients who may be at greater risk for dysphagia and aspiration. In this study, a modified dual task paradigm was designed to study laterality of swallowing in a group of 14 healthy, young, right-handed, male adults. The subjects were studied at baseline and with interference. Baseline conditions, performed separately, were continuous swallowing, finger tapping using the right and left index fingers, and word repetition. Interference tasks, including tapping with the right index finger, tapping with the left index finger, and word repetition, were completed with and without swallowing. Finger-tapping rate was measured, and x-ray samples of the swallowing task were taped to measure swallowing rate and volume swallowed. At baseline, the rate of tapping the right index finger was significantly faster than that of the left index finger. There was a significant decline in the tapping rates of both left and right index fingers with swallowing interference. The volume per swallow was significantly reduced during the interfering language task of silent repetition. These results offer partial support for a bilateral representation of swallowing as well as suggest an important left hemispheric contribution to swallowing. However, it cannot be concluded that the left hemisphere is more important than the right, as a comparable right hemisphere task was not studied.

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Akar, Fadi G., Robert D. Nass, Samuel Hahn, Eugenio Cingolani, Manish Shah, Geoffrey G. Hesketh, Deborah DiSilvestre, Richard S. Tunin, David A. Kass, and Gordon F. Tomaselli. "Dynamic changes in conduction velocity and gap junction properties during development of pacing-induced heart failure." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 293, no. 2 (August 2007): H1223—H1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00079.2007.

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End-stage heart failure (HF) is characterized by changes in conduction velocity (CV) that predispose to arrhythmias. Here, we investigate the time course of conduction changes with respect to alterations in connexin 43 (Cx43) properties and mechanical function during the development of HF. We perform high-resolution optical mapping in arterially perfused myocardial preparations from dogs subjected to 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days of rapid pacing to produce variable degrees of remodeling. CV is compared with an index of mechanical function [left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)] and with dynamic changes in the expression, distribution, and phosphorylation of Cx43. In contrast to repolarization, CV was preserved during early stages of remodeling (3 and 7 days) and significantly reduced at later stages, which were associated with marked increases in LVEDP. Measurements of differentially phosphorylated Cx43 isoforms revealed early, sustained downregulation of pan-Cx43 that preceded changes in CV and LVEDP, a gradual rise in a dephosphorylated Cx43 isoform to over twofold baseline levels in end-stage HF, and a late abrupt increase in pan-Cx43, but not dephosphorylated Cx43, lateralization. These data demonstrate that 1) CV slowing occurs only at advanced stages of remodeling, 2) total reduction of pan-Cx43 is an early event that precedes mechanical dysfunction and CV slowing, 3) changes in Cx43 phosphorylation are more closely associated with the onset of HF, and 4) Cx43 lateralization is a late event that coincides with marked CV reduction. These data reveal a novel paradigm of remodeling based on the timing of conduction abnormalities relative to changes in Cx43 isoforms and mechanical dysfunction.

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Tagawa, M., M. Ghosn, H. Wachtel, D. Fraker, R. R. Townsend, S. Trerotola, and D. L. Cohen. "Lateralization index but not contralateral suppression at adrenal vein sampling predicts improvement in blood pressure after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism." Journal of Human Hypertension 31, no. 7 (January 12, 2017): 444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2016.92.

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Pagani, Marco, Giorgio Di Lorenzo, Leonardo Monaco, Cinzia Niolu, Alberto Siracusano, Anna Rita Verardo, Giada Lauretti, et al. "Pretreatment, Intratreatment, and Posttreatment EEG Imaging of EMDR: Methodology and Preliminary Results From a Single Case." Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 5, no. 2 (2011): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.5.2.42.

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Electroencephalography (EEG), due to its peculiar time and spatial resolution, was used for the first time to fully monitor neuronal activation during the whole eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) session, including the autobiographical script. The present case report describes the dominant cortical activations (Z-score >1.5) during the first EMDR session and in the last session after the client processed the index trauma. During the first EMDR session, prefrontal limbic cortex was essentially activated during script listening and during lateral eye movements in the desensitization phase of EMDR. In the last EMDR session, the prevalent electrical activity was recorded in temporal, parietal, and occipital cortical regions, with a clear leftward lateralization. These findings suggest a cognitive processing of the traumatic event following successful EMDR therapy and support evidence of distinct neurobiological patterns of brain activations during lateral eye movements in the desensitization phase of EMDR.

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Wildegger, T., F. van Ede, M. Woolrich, C. R. Gillebert, and A. C. Nobre. "Preparatory α-band oscillations reflect spatial gating independently of predictions regarding target identity." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 1385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00856.2016.

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Preparatory modulations of cortical α-band oscillations are a reliable index of the voluntary allocation of covert spatial attention. It is currently unclear whether attentional cues containing information about a target’s identity (such as its visual orientation), in addition to its location, might additionally shape preparatory α modulations. Here, we explore this question by directly comparing spatial and feature-based attention in the same visual detection task while recording brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG). At the behavioral level, preparatory feature-based and spatial attention cues both improved performance and did so independently of each other. Using MEG, we replicated robust α lateralization following spatial cues: in preparation for a visual target, α power decreased contralaterally and increased ipsilaterally to the attended location. Critically, however, preparatory α lateralization was not significantly modulated by predictions regarding target identity, as carried via the behaviorally effective feature-based attention cues. Furthermore, nonlateralized α power during the cue-target interval did not differentiate between uninformative cues and cues carrying feature-based predictions either. Based on these results we propose that preparatory α modulations play a role in the gating of information between spatially segregated cortical regions and are therefore particularly well suited for spatial gating of information. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present work clarifies if and how human brain oscillations in the α-band support multiple types of anticipatory attention. Using magnetoencephalography, we show that posterior α-band oscillations are modulated by predictions regarding the spatial location of an upcoming visual target, but not by feature-based predictions regarding its identity, despite robust behavioral benefits. This provides novel insights into the functional role of preparatory α mechanisms and suggests a limited specificity with which they may operate.

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Seccia, Teresa M., Franco Mantero, Claudio Letizia, Maniselvan Kuppusamy, Brasilina Caroccia, Marlena Barisa, Maria Verena Cicala, Diego Miotto, and Gian Paolo Rossi. "Somatic Mutations in the KCNJ5 Gene Raise the Lateralization Index: Implications for the Diagnosis of Primary Aldosteronism by Adrenal Vein Sampling." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 97, no. 12 (December 1, 2012): E2307—E2313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-2342.

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Frak, Victor, D. Bourbonnais, I. Croteau, and H. Cohen. "Interlimb Transfer of Grasp Orientation is Asymmetrical." Scientific World JOURNAL 6 (2006): 1805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.291.

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One the most fundamental aspects of the human motor system is the hemispheric asymmetry seen in behavioral specialization. Hemispheric dominance can be inferred by a contralateral hand preference in grasping. Few studies have considered grasp orientation in the context of manual lateralization and none has looked at grasp orientation with natural prehension. Thirty right-handed adults performed precision grasps of a cylinder using the thumb and index fingers, and the opposition axis (OA) was defined as the line connecting these two contact points on the cylinder. Subjects made ten consecutive grasps with one hand (primary hand movements) followed by ten grasps with the other hand (trailing movements). Differences between primary and trailing grasps revealed that each hemisphere is capable of programming the orientation of the OA and that primary movements with the right hand significantly influenced OA orientation of the trailing left hand. These results extend the hemispheric dominance of the left hemisphere to the final positions of fingers during prehension.

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Liao, Hung-Wei, Kang-Yung Peng, Vin-Cent Wu, Yen-Hung Lin, Shuei-Liong Lin, Wei-Chou Lin, and Jeff S. Chueh. "Characteristics of a Novel ATP2B3 K416_F418delinsN Mutation in a Classical Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma." Cancers 13, no. 18 (September 21, 2021): 4729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184729.

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In patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), the prevalence of ATP2B3 mutation is rare. The aim of this study is to report a novel ATP2B3 mutation in a PA patient. Based on our tissue bank of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA), we identified a novel somatic ATP2B3 K416_F418delinsN mutation. The affected individual was a 53 year-old man with a 4 year history of hypertension. Computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral adrenal masses of 1.6 (left) and 0.5 cm (right) in size. An adrenal venous sampling (AVS) showed a lateralization index (LI) of 2.2 and a contralateral suppression index (CLS) of 0.12; indicating left functional predominance. After a left unilateral adrenalectomy, he achieved partial biochemical and hypertension–remission. This classical adenoma harbored a novel ATP2B3 K416_F418delinsN somatic mutation, which is a deletion from nucleotides 1248 to 1253. The translated amino acid sequence from 416 to 418, reading as lysine-phenylalanine-phenylalanine, was deleted; however, an asparagine was inserted due to merging of residual nucleotide sequences. The CYP11B2 immunohistochemistry staining demonstrated strong immunoreactivity in this classical adenoma. The ATP2B3 K416_F418delinsN mutation is a functional mutation in APA, since HAC15 cells, a human adrenal cell line, transfected with the mutant gene showed increased CYP11B2 expression and aldosterone production.

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Lohmann, Hubertus, Michael Deppe, Andreas Jansen, Wolfram Schwindt, and Stefan Knech. "Task Repetition Can Affect Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Measures of Language Lateralization and Lead to Pseudoincreases in Bilaterality." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 24, no. 2 (February 2004): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wcb.0000100066.36077.91.

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Repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during learning and recovery can inform us about functional reorganization in the brain. We examined how, in the absence of reorganization, simple task repetition affects measures of fMRI activation. We studied fMRI activation over 10 consecutive sessions of silent word generation in a healthy subject. Additionally, we performed functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) to learn about the temporal pattern of corresponding changes in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and pulsatility. With repetition, word generation-associated increases in heart rate diminished steadily. Task repetition also led to a net increase in CBFV bilaterally and to a bilateral increase in the number of activated voxels on fMRI. As a result, whereas the absolute interhemispheric difference of activated voxels remained constant, there was a decrease in the standard fMRI index for language lateralization [LIfMRI = 100 (activated voxels in left hemisphere - voxels in right)/(voxels in left + voxels in right)]. Thus task repetition can lead to changes in task-related autonomic drive and an augmentation of bihemispheric blood flow. This can mimic increasing bilaterality of brain activation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lateralization index'

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