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Journal articles on the topic 'Laterite Soils'
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Md Yusof, Zeety, Siti Aishah Mustapa, Yi Zhe Chua, and Jin Chai Lee. "Enhancing Compressive Strength of Laterite Soil through the Agricultural Waste Material Bamboo Ash Stabilization." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 132, no. 1 (2025): 147–60. https://doi.org/10.37934/aram.132.1.147160.
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All types of soil are used as the ground foundation to support the construction of any structures including roads and buildings. Laterite soil has the properties of cohesive and cohesionless soil. This is because its properties are mostly well-graded including silt, clay, sand, and gravel. However, laterite soil's physical and mechanical properties require improvement. Potential laterite soil used for the construction of roads and development activity is necessary for geotechnical application. Therefore, this research aims to study the performance stability in compressive strength of native laterite soil with bamboo ash (BA). The testing experiments have shown that the behavior of bamboo ash is used to strengthen the laterite soil resulting in the bamboo ash enhancing the performance of laterite formation in ground improvement. In this study, 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% bamboo ash content were used to study the effect of BA on native lateritic soils at 0, 3, and 7 days of curing. It is indicated that the strength for 3 curing days increases strength to 8.4% after adding 5% BA. It increases the strength after adding 10%, 15%, and 20% with the percentage of the increments 7.2%, 1.7%, and 0.7%, respectively. In the physical properties results, the specific gravity of soil shows an average of 1.66. As a result, LL and PL have been identified as 29% and 14.1% respectively. Lateritic soil water content measured in this study was 10.84%. Compaction tests identify MDD as 1.807 g/cm3, while OMC content is 13.3%. Lateritic soils are classified as sedimentary sandy soils according to the results of particle distribution soil tests. In the end, the results identified for enhancement of the addition of bamboo ash show a strong increment for lateritic materials. Bamboo ash (BA) appears secondary in large-scale studies. BA reacts as an economical and sustainable treatment material in geotechnical applications.
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Oluwatoyin, O. Akinola, and L. Ademilua Oladimeji. "Geomorphological Transformation of a Granite Rotten in-Situ in Nigeria: Implications for Chemical Weathering, Lateritization and Pedogenesis." Geomorphological Transformation of a Granite Rotten in-Situ in Nigeria: Implications for Chemical Weathering, Lateritization and Pedogenesis 8, no. 11 (2023): 13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10213165.
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Nigeria is a sub-Saharan Africa country, its closeness to the equator precipitates tropical type of climate. The consequence of the alternating raining and dry seasons coupled with relatively high humidity throughout the year triggers severe chemical decay which causes rock rot in Ekiti area of SW Nigeria. Decomposition of rocks through intense in-situ chemical weathering and selective leaching resulted in prevalence of laterites, lateritic soils and saprolite in the area. Lateritization and formation of saprolite in the area is consequent on de-silicification processes during which substantial alkali and alkali earth elements are leached from the granite. This paper investigates and report geochemical features of granite weathered in-situ in Ikere-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti and its environs. Analytical result reveals silica contents of the laterite (55.03-63.22 %; average, 58.98%) is lower than saprolite (59.31-65.41%; average, 62.92%). The ratio (Fe2O3 + Al2O3): SiO2 for the ferruginous laterite (0.55) and saprolite (0.49) suggests the two weathering products are laterites with varying colours. Fe2O3 contents in laterite (7.53-11.03%; average, 9.31%) is higher than saprolite (2.65-4.26%; average, 3.81%). Ternary diagram (SiO2-AI2O3-Fe2O3) which show maturity of laterites classifies the weathered materials as products of weak lateritization.Keywords:- Ekiti, Nigeria, Saprolite, Ferruginous Laterite, De-Silicification, Lateritization.
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Chandrasasi, D., S. Marsudi, and E. Suhartanto. "Determination of Types and Characteristics of Laterite Soil as Basic Land for Building Construction." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 930, no. 1 (2021): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/930/1/012041.
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Abstract Laterite soil is red soil because it contains iron and aluminum. It is an old type of soil, so it is suitable for all plants. Laterite soils are located in the reservoir area of the Wonogiri Dam - Central Java. The nature of laterite soil that quickly absorbs water and the soil texture is strong and dense indicates the type of soil used for a mixture to make roads. This study aims to identify and characterize the lateritic soils to support the construction of roads that will be used. It is needed to test the soil’s property index, including moisture content test, density test, Atterberg limit, and grain sieve analysis. At the same time, it tested the classification of laterite soil characteristics using standards of USCS and AASHTO. To test the shear strength of the laterite soil is using Direct Shear. Based on the analysis, the laterite soil from sedimentation in Wonogiri dam is classified as poor and does not meet the requirements to be used as a subgrade in building construction. It can be considered include need to improve to carried out first.
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Almeida, Bárbara Drumond, Lisley Madeira Coelho, Antônio Carlos Rodrigues Guimarães, and Sergio Neves Monteiro. "Effect of Sand Addition on Laterite Soil Stabilization." Materials 17, no. 24 (2024): 6033. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246033.
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Lateritic soils, particularly abundant in tropical regions, have been successfully used in the construction of unbound layers of flexible pavements in Brazil since the 1970s. Despite their potential, these soils are often discarded or only recommended after stabilization processes, based on traditional parameters such as gradation requirements and Atterberg limits. This study investigates the mechanical characteristics of a lateritic soil from Roraima, focusing on its resilient modulus and permanent deformation properties, assessed through repeated load triaxial tests. Specifically, this research examines the effect of adding 20% sand on the mechanical behavior of the material. The results indicate that sand addition did not significantly improve the mechanical performance. The laterite–sand mixture exhibited an average resilient modulus (RM) of 744 MPa, lower than the 790 MPa of pure lateritic soil, suggesting that pure laterite remains suitable for pavement applications. Furthermore, the permanent deformation analysis revealed that the mixture with sand experienced nearly twice the plastic strain compared to pure laterite, which demonstrated superior accommodation under repeated loading. In the shakedown analysis, pure laterite exhibited a more stable performance, indicating greater durability in pavement applications. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the mechanical behavior of lateritic soils beyond conventional testing methods, emphasizing the potential of pure laterite as a viable alternative to enhance the strength and durability of pavement structures.
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González-Jiménez, José María, Cristina Villanova-de-Benavent, Lola Yesares, et al. "Metal Mobility in Embryonic-to-Proto-Ni-Laterite Profiles from Non-Tropical Climates." Minerals 13, no. 7 (2023): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13070844.
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We evaluated the mobility of a wide suite of economic metals (Ni, Co, REE, Sc, PGE) in Ni-laterites with different maturities, developed in the unconventional humid/hyper-humid Mediterranean climate. An embryonic Ni-laterite was identified at Los Reales in southern Spain, where a saprolite profile of ~1.5 m thick was formed at the expense of peridotites of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. In contrast, a more mature laterite was reported from Camán in south-central Chile, where the thicker (~7 m) weathering profile contains well-developed lower and upper oxide horizons. This comparative study reveals that both embryonic and mature laterites can form outside the typical (sub)-tropical climate conditions expected for lateritic soils, while demonstrating a similar chemical evolution in terms of major (MgO, Fe2O3, and Al2O3), minor (Ni, Mn, Co, Ti, Cr), and trace (REE, Y, Sc, PGE, Au) element concentrations. We show that, even in the earliest stages of laterization, the metal remobilization from primary minerals can already result in uneconomic concentration values.
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Chukwuemeka, Nwaobakata, Charles Kennedy, and Amadise S. Ogboin. "Modification of Expansive Soil with Costus Lateriflorus Bagasse Ash for Road Pavement Materials." East African Scholars Multidisciplinary Bulletin 5, no. 4 (2022): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjmb.2022.v05i04.002.
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This study evaluates the effect of costus lateriflorus bagasse ash on expansive soil properties. Laterite and clay samples from the Ubeta-Ula-Ubie road at Ahoada West LGA in Rivers, Nigeria were prepared and laboratory analysis performed for development potential, volume change, maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), consistency limits, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). Initial analysis classified the soil as A-7-6 under the AASHTO classification system. The development potential, volume change, maximum dry density (MDD), liquid limit (LL), and plasticity index (PI) of laterite and stable clay on the Ubeta-Ula-Ubie road decreased with increasing proportion of bagasse Costus ash lateriflorus, while optimum moisture content (OMC), plastic limit (PL) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were increased by the addition of Costus lateriflorus bagasse ash. The results showed that increasing the ash content of bagasse increased the soil properties suitable for road construction. However, bagasse ash performs better on lateritic soils than on clay soils, and 7.5% bagasse ash would be suitable for use as a stabilizer in soils with similar properties to laterite and clay soils in the Ubeta-Ula-Ubie road.
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Makarova, M. A., E. S. Shipilova, N. M. Boeva, D. A. Vnuchkov, and N. S. Bortnikov. "SOURCES OF SUBSTANCE AND GENETIC RELATION OF SOIL AND BAUXITE BEARING HORIZONS IN THE LATERITE PROFILE OF THE WEATHERING CRUST (OF THE FUTA JALLON-MANDINGO PROVINCE, REPUBLIC OF GUINEA)." Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о Земле 511, no. 2 (2023): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2686739723600893.
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For the first time, a granulometric analysis of lateritic soils was carried out and the sources of the substance involved in the formation of the degradation zone in the bauxite-bearing laterite profile of the bauxite-bearing province of Futa Jallon-Mandingo were identified. Throughout the province, on the stony rocks of the lateritic covers, the soil horizon occurs everywhere - the uppermost element of the vertical profile of the weathering crust. In the soil horizon, most of the components become mobile, leaching processes predominate, and laterites are mobilized and redistributed. The study of these continental formations made it possible to establish the genetic relationship between the soil horizon of the weathering crust and the underlying bauxite ores, and to determine the degree of influence of soil composition on the processes of bauxite formation.
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Mafimisebi, Peter, and Grace Martins. "GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF LATERITIC SOILS AT SOME SELECTED PORTIONS ACROSS AFON ENVIRONMENT IN KWARA STATE FOR ENGINEERING PROJECTS." International Journal Of Trendy Research In Engineering And Technology 08, no. 04 (2024): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54473/ijtret.2024.8402.
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Three (3) samples of lateritic soil from various parent rocks in AFON, Kwara State, were analyzed for their potential as construction materials. All the samples were analyzed following the guidelines set in the BSI standard. Three samples of laterites were gathered from the research site for geotechnical examination. Tests were conducted on the laterites to determine their geotechnical characteristics, including liquid limit, plastic limit, plastic index, optimum moisture content (OMC), maximum dry density (MDD), California Bearing Ratio, and moisture content. The outcomes were evaluated against the standards set by the Federal Ministry of Work for Roads. The liquid limit, plastic limit, and plastic index of the laterites ranged between 42.50 and 45.00, 12.50 and 17.10, and 25.40 and 32.50, respectively. The OMC, MDD, CBR, and Moisture Content had values between 31.81 and 34.7%, 1.21 and 1.37 g/cm3, and CBR values of 16–13% soaked and 16–21% unsoaked and Moisture content values of 12.15-15.55. The results showed that the Laterite samples from the selected locations meets the requirements for any geotechnical purposes
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P.C, ANTONY. "THE MOISTURE RETENTION CHARACTERISTICS IN RED AND LATERITE SOILS (IN HUMID TROPICAL REGION) OF KERALA." Madras Agricultural Journal 73, july (1986): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a02291.
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The moisture retention of red and laterite soils is comparatively poorer, since these soils are generally coarse textured with Kaolin and Iran oxide clay minerals. The maximum water holding capacity, field capacity, moisture retained at tensions of 1, 5, 10 and 15 bars were higher in laterite than in red loams. The available. water was also higher in laterite than in red loom.
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Tang, Kangwei, Feng Zeng, Liang Shi, Long Zhu, Zining Chen, and Feng Zhang. "Mechanical Behavior of Hydrated-Lime–Liquid-Stabilizer-Treated Granular Lateritic Soils." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (2023): 5601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065601.
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Granular lateritic soil is commonly used for road construction in humid tropical and subtropical regions. However, the high plastic clay content and poor particle distribution of some laterite materials make them unsuitable for bases and subbases. Lime treatment is a widely used method for improving problematic lateritic soil, and liquid ionic stabilizers are considered an environmentally friendly solution for reinforcing such soils. However, using only lime or only stabilizers may not be optimal. This study investigated the effect of treating granular lateritic soil with hydrated lime and a new liquid stabilizer, Zhonglu-2A (ZL-2A). A series of indoor tests, including compaction, California bearing ratio, and unconfined compressive strength tests, were conducted to evaluate the effects of hydrated lime content and stabilizer content on the mechanical properties, mineralogical composition, and microstructure of the soil. The results show that an increase in hydrated lime dosage increases the optimal moisture content and decreases the maximum dry density. The CBR of lime-stabilizer-treated laterite was at least 2–3 times higher than that of the only-lime-treated soil. The highest CBR was observed in samples treated with 0.2‰ ZL-2A stabilizer. The sample with 6% lime and 0.2‰ ZL-2A stabilizer exhibited the highest unconfined compressive strength, and a nearly linear increase was observed between the unconfined compressive strength and CBR. Further investigation of the stabilization mechanism using X-ray diffraction mineralogy analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the inorganic substances of the ZL-2A stabilizer and the hydrated lime provided the basic conditions for the reaction and generated cementitious hydrates on the clay particles. The mixture of granular lateritic soil and hydrated lime was wrapped by the ZL-2A stabilizer, forming a complex spatial structure and improving the strength of the soil. To improve the bearing capacity of subgrades in actual subgrade engineering, a combination of a liquid ionic stabilizer and lime should be used to treat laterite.
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Rizal, N. H. A., M. A. Hezmi, R. Razali, et al. "Effects of Lime on the Compaction Characteristics of Lateritic Soil in UTM, Johor." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 971, no. 1 (2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/971/1/012031.
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Abstract Lime has been investigated as a ground improvement material for soils, particularly for road construction, as an alternative to soil cement stabilisation. However, the effect of lime on lateritic soil compaction characteristics is not completely defined. In this article, soil samples from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor were subjected to a variety of engineering tests, including specific gravity, sieve analysis, Atterberg’s limit, and compaction. According to the results of Atterberg’s Limit, lateritic soil has a plasticity index (PI), a plastic limit (PL), and a liquid limit (LL) of 19, 46, and 65, respectively. The obtained specific gravity value is 2.79. Compaction tests were conducted on untreated and lime-treated soils with lime additions of 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%, respectively, using an automatic compactor. The OMC and MDD values for untreated laterite are 28% and 1.46 g/cm3, respectively. However, as the lime content increases, the OMC increases slightly while the MDD decreases. The dry density of lime-laterite soil decreases from 1.47 to 1.38 g/cm3, but the moisture content increases slightly from 27% to 31%. The MDD of soil treated with 5% lime is lower than that of lateritic soil in its natural state.
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., KAPPAVU, and SREE RAMULU U.S. "DISTRIBUTION OF MANGANESE IN SOIL." Madras Agricultural Journal 77, July augest (1990): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01960.
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The distribution of total and available manganese (exchangable + water soluble forms) and their relationship to different soil properties were studied in twenty three soil profiles, representing seven major soil series of Namakkal taluk in Tamil Nadu. The total manganese content varied from 206 to 792 ppm. The content increased with depth in black and red soil series, while irregular pattern of distribution was observed in alluvial and laterite soil series. Black soils contained more of total manganese than alluvial, red and laterite soils. Total manganese content was closely related to clay, calcium carbonate, fine sand and coarse sand. The available manganese content varied from 0.63 to 26.64 ppm and the content decreased with depth in alluvial and laterite soil series while irregular pattern of distribution was observed in black and red soil series. Laterite soils contained more of available manganese thanalluvial, black and red soils. Available manganese was positively related to clay and organic matter and negatively with finer and coarser fractions of the soil.
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Malomo, S. "Microstructural investigation on laterite soils." Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 39, no. 1 (1989): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02592542.
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Sarangi, Dillip Ranjan, Dinabandhu Jena, and Punyasloka Mohanty. "Secondary and Multi-micronutrient (S, B & Zn) Doses on Yield and Residual Effect on Rice-groundnut Cropping System in Alfisols of Odisha, India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 11 (2024): 112–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i115126.
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Orissa is the fourth largest state in India covering an area of 15.57 m ha out of which the net sown area is 6.13 m ha. Out of 8 broad soil groups found in the state, red and laterite groups of soil occupy more than 75% of total cultivable area. Low productivity of crops in red and laterite soils are associated with deficiency of Ca, Mg, S, B and Mo (Mitra and Sahu, 1988). The DTPA extractable Zn also indicates that red and laterite soils of Orissa is deficient in available Zn and respondent to Zn application to rice crop (Anonymous, 2002; Mandal et al., 2009). Next to Zn, the deficiency of B is wide spread in many districts of the state as well as contrary (Sharma et al., 2006). Rice-Groundnut is the most prevailing cropping pattern in red and Lateritic soils of Orissa. In spite of recommended dose of NPK fertilizer, the farmers get low yield. A field experiments were carried out with rice-groundnut cropping systems in two successive cropping seasons each, to study the effect of S, B and Zn on grain yield, nutrient uptake and their accumulation. The experimental design included ten treatments, T1: control, T2 : S 40 kg/ha, T3 : B 1 kg/ha, T4 : Zn 5 kg/ha, T5 : FYM 5 t/ha, T6 : S+B, T7 : S+Zn, T8 : B+Zn, T9 : S+B+Zn and T10 : S+B+Zn+FYM replicated thrice in randomized block design. Integrated use of S + B + Zn with FYM was the ideal combination for rice-groundnut cropping system as it was more sustainable, recorded the highest yield and SYI value along with higher accumulation and uptake of nutrients. The results revealed that red and lateritic soils are poor in S and B need integrated use of S, B and Zn along with recommended dose of NPK for getting synergistic and best effect in rice-groundnut cropping system.
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Rosli, Ros Nadiah, Khairul Naim Ahmad, Aizat Mohd Taib, and Siti Aimi Nadia Mohd Yusof. "Physical, Chemical and Morphological Properties of Laterite Soil in Bandar Baharu District." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 35, no. 5 (2023): 1265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2023-35(5)-25.
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Bandar Baharu District in southern of Kedah, Malaysia is extremely rich in laterite soil. The district is distinguished by the widespread presence of laterite soil, making it critical to thoroughly explore its physical, chemical, and morphological properties. Understanding these properties is essential for determining the acceptability and behaviour of laterite soil in a variety of engineering and building applications. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the physical, chemical, and morphological properties of the selected laterite soil. Three sources of laterite soils have been identified in Sungai Kechil, Bandar Baharu, and Relau. The samples are labeled as SS-A, SS-B, and SS-C. The soils are categorized as SM, SC and MH respectively according to classification by Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). Since the pH values were less than 6, all of the soils were acidic. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) characterization shows that the three soil samples have three main chemical components, namely silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>), aluminium oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and iron oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). According to the X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) results, the minerals discovered in the laterite soils were gibbsite, quartz, kaolinite, and magnetite. Based on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image, the sample with the highest fine particle content, which is 55.7% for the SS-C sample, shows the smallest pore size.
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K, RAJAKKANNU. "DEGRADATION AND PERSISTENCE OF ATRAZINE IN SOILS." Madras Agricultural Journal 72, February (1985): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a02352.
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Laterite soil had the highest persistence of Atrazine followed by black and red soils in the decreasing order. Among black soils, soil which had alkaline reaction (pH) exhibi- ted longer persistence. The inhibition of soil microbes at high pH might be the reason for lower rate of Atrazine degradation. The faster rate of Atrazine degradation was due to low clay and organic matter contents, Laterite soils which had 4.29% of organic mattor recorded the highest persistence of Atrazine. Because of higher absorption and low rate of desorption, the amount of Atrazine available for chemical and microbial degradation would be much less in laterite soil resulting in longer persistence. The present study also revealed that under field conditions Atrazine persisted in a black clay loam soil for a period of 2 months.
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Tiendrébéogo, Rasmané, Yacouba Sanou, Raymond Kaboré, Samuel Paré, and Aboubacar Senou. "Preparation and Characterization of Two Modified Laterite Soils for Arsenic Removal in Aqueous Solutions: Efficiency and Kinetic Modelling." International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 25, no. 5 (2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2024/v25i5871.
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Consumption of arsenic-contaminated water is the cause of major problems such as melanosis, hyperkeratosis and cancer. To mitigate this pollution, this study was carried out using analytical methods to prepare chemically treated laterite (TL) and chemically doped laterite with ferrihydrite (DL). The adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) method. The specific surface area, bulk density and pH at zero charge point ( pHPZC) of TL and DL ranged from 81.306 to 40.099 m2/g, from 1.67 to 2.27 and from 5.41 to 8.02, respectively. The SiO2/(Fe2O3 + Al2O3) ratio was 0.31 for TL and 0.20 for LD, showing that the materials prepared were still classified as laterite adsorbents. Experimental results from batch experiments on the removal of arsenic species (As (III)) and arsenic (As (V)) using two adsorbents showed the strong influence of operating conditions such as pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dose and contact time. The isotherm modelling concluded that the removal of arsenic species was occurred by multilayer adsorption on the heterogenous surfaces of laterites. For the removal of As(V), the maximum adsorption capacity was 7.36 and 9.79 mg/g for TL and DL, respectively, while for the removal of As (III), the adsorption capacity for TL and DL was 5.17 and 7.89 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic study of the adsorption of As(V) or As(III) on modified laterites concluded that the process was described by the pseudo-second-order model, with a chemisorption process to be explored.
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Adeola, Adewole John, and Emmanuel Tamunobelema Tubonemi. "Mineralogical and Geochemical Trends in the Residual Soils above Basement Rocks in Ore Area, Southwestern Nigeria." Journal of Geography and Geology 9, no. 3 (2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v9n3p42.
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Residual clays and laterite of economic values often occur within weathering profiles above basement rocks in tropical regions due to supergene enrichment and leaching of liable components. Previous studies in Ore area mainly on geochemistry of the basement rocks with scanty information on the weathered profiles. This study was carried out to determine the compositional characteristics of the basement rocks, the geochemical trends within the profiles above the parent rocks and the evaluation of their economic potentials.Petrographic study was carried out on thin sections of the rock samples. Elemental compositions of the rocks, clay, laterite, and top-soil were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Clay mineralogy was determined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Chemical index of Alterations (CIA) was calculated from geochemical data.Weathering of granite and banded gneiss in Ore resulted in the formation of soil layer, which ranged 0-0.5m, laterite 1.2-3m and clayey zone 2.9-3.0m. Quartz, plagioclase feldspars, microcline, biotite and hornblende were the essential minerals in the parent rocks. Granite and banded gneiss is high SiO2 (>65%) but low in MgO (<2.0%) and CaO (<4.0%). Kaolinite (60-80%), goethite (3-12%) and microcline (4-10%) were the dominant minerals in the XRD of the weathering profiles. Traces of illite were present only in granite. The CIA was generally > 85 indicating advanced state of weathering producing lateritic soil. The lateritic profiles over granite and banded gneiss of Ore area varied with the composition of the parent rocks. The clay layer has economic potential for ceramics, fertilizer and structural wares.
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Ochoa, Walter A. Abujder, Moisés A. Sánchez Málaga, Arturo Brañez Tapia, et al. "Evaluation of Compressive and Bending Strength of a Geopolymer Based on Lateritic Clays as an Alternative Hydraulic Binder." Materials 17, no. 2 (2024): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17020307.
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In Bolivia, lateritic soils are common in humid tropical regions and can be used in the construction industry as an alternative to materials that cause a negative environmental impact, such as cement. The production of Portland cement causes environmental issues like significant greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. To address this problem, geopolymers have been introduced as an alternative binder with low CO2 emissions. In this regard, geopolymers based on lateritic clays have been studied mineralogically, chemically, and on their compressive strength separately. However, there are still no studies on lateritic clays present in Bolivia and their mechanical, mineralogical, and chemical properties combined in a geopolymer. Therefore, this present research proposes the evaluation of a geopolymer made from laterite clays. Compression and flexural tests were carried out, along with mineralogical and chemical analyses on mortar and geopolymer cubes and prisms. The results indicate that the laterite clay-based geopolymer has lower compressive strength compared to Portland cement IP (cement type I with the addition of pozzolana) mortar. However, the flexural strength tests show a slight increase in the case of the geopolymer.
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Rijani, Muhammad Faisal, and Rusdiansyah Rusdiansyah. "THE EFFECT OF ADDED COARSE SAND FRACTION ON LATERITE SOIL SHEAR STRENGTH." CERUCUK 6, no. 2 (2022): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/crc.v6i2.5835.
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Laterite soil is the most common type of embankment soil used for road construction in Kalimantan. This is because laterite soils are easy to find and widely available in several locations in South Kalimantan. However, this soil has many drawbacks, one of which is that it has a high plasticity index to be used as embankment, both for ordinary embankments and selected embankments. Therefore, it is necessary to improve or stabilize the soil so that the laterite soil can meet the requirements or specifications as embankment soil. In previous studies, the addition of a mixture of sand to laterite soils tends to decrease the value of the plasticity index.This study aims to determine the characteristics of laterite soils and the effect of adding a mixture of sand and plasticity to the shear strength of laterite soils by using a direct shear test apparatus. The specimens were made by testing the standard type of compaction and the value of 90% of the maximum density. The variation of the Sand mixture used is 0%; 7%; 14%; 21%; and 28%.Based on the USCS classification system, the soil for the three preliminary test locations is classified as CH (clay-high) group, while according to the AASHTO classification system, Landasan Ulin and Mandiangin location are classified as group A-7-5 and Sungai Ulin location is classified as group A-7-6 (clayey soils). There was a decrease in the value for the shear strength parameter of the laterite soil from the peak condition to the residual condition. The addition of a mixture of sand in each variation of the sample can reduce the PI value along with the addition of sand. In addition, the addition of sand also changes the parameters of the shear strength of the laterite soil. All samples of laterite and sand mixture variations have a value liquidity index < 0 which indicates that the soil is in a solid or semi-solid condition, while a value consistency index > 0 indicates that the soil is in a solid or semi-solid condition. The higher the value of the plasticity index of a soil, the higher the cohesion value of the soil and the lower the value of the internal shear angle. The more addition of a mixture of sand can reduce the plasticity index and soil cohesion and can increase the value of the internal shear angle. It can be said that the addition of a mixture of sand can reduce the plasticity index of the soil and affect the parameters of the shear strength of the soil in both peak and residual conditions.Keywords: shear strength, residual shear strength, laterite soil, sand, plasticity index
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Economou-Eliopoulos, Maria, Magdalena Laskou, Demetrios Eliopoulos, Ifigeneia Megremi, Sofia Kalatha, and George Eliopoulos. "Origin of Critical Metals in Fe–Ni Laterites from the Balkan Peninsula: Opportunities and Environmental Risk." Minerals 11, no. 9 (2021): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11091009.
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As the global energy sector is expected to experience a gradual shift towards renewable energy sources, access to special metals in known resources is of growing concern within the EU and at a worldwide scale. This is a review on the Fe–Ni ± Co-laterite deposits in the Balkan Peninsula, which are characterized by multistage weathering/redeposition and intense tectonic activities. The ICP-MS analyses of those laterites indicated that they are major natural sources of Ni and Co, with ore grading from 0.21 to 3.5 wt% Ni and 0.03 to 0.31 wt% Co, as well as a significant Sc content (average 55 mg/kg). The SEM-EDS analyses revealed that fine Fe-, Ni-, Co-, and Mn-(hydr)oxides are dominant host minerals and that the enrichment in these elements is probably controlled by the post-formation evolution of initial ore redeposition. The paucity of rare earth element (REE) within the typical Fe–Ni laterite ore and the preferential occurrence of Co (up to 0.31 wt%), REE content (up to 6000 mg/kg ΣREE), and REE-minerals along with Ni, Co, and Mn (asbolane and silicates) towards the lowermost part of the Lokris (C. Greece) laterite ore suggest that their deposition is controlled by epigenetic processes. The platinum-group element (PGE) content in those Fe–Ni laterites, reaching up to 88 μg/kg Pt and 26 μg/kg Pd (up to 186 μg/kg Pd in one sample), which is higher than those in the majority of chromite deposits associated with ophiolites, may indicate important weathering and PGE supergene accumulation. Therefore, the mineralogical and geochemical features of Fe–Ni laterites from the Balkan Peninsula provide evidence for potential sources of certain critical metals and insights to suitable processing and metallurgical methods. In addition, the contamination of soil by heavy metals and irrigation groundwater by toxic Cr(VI), coupled with relatively high Cr(VI) concentrations in water leachates for laterite samples, altered ultramafic rocks and soils neighboring the mining areas and point to a potential human health risk and call for integrated water–soil–plant investigations in the basins surrounding laterite mines.
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Ogboin, Amadise S., Charles Kennedy, and Nwaobakata Chukwuemeka. "Stabilization of Ula-Ubie-Ubeta Town Road Laterite Soil with Costus Lateriflorus Bagasse Fibre." South Asian Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 2 (2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjet.2022.v04i02.001.
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The study evaluated the influence of Costus lateriflorus bagasse fibre on the properties of expansive soils. Laterite and clay soil samples along Ubeta-Ula-Ubie road in Ahoada West LGA of Rivers state, Nigeria were prepared and subjected to laboratory analysis for swelling potential, volume change, maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), consistency limits, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). Preliminary analysis classified the soils as A-7- 6 on the AASHTO classification system. Swelling potential, volume change, maximum dry density (MDD), liquid limit (LL) and plasticity index (PI) of the stabilized Laterite and clay soils along Ubeta-Ula-Ubie road decreased with increasing percentage of Costus lateriflorus bagasse fibre, while optimum moisture content (OMC), plastic limit (PL) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) increased with the addition of Costus lateriflorus bagasse fibre. Results established that increase bagasse fibre content improved the properties of the soil suitable for road construction. However, the bagasse fibre performed better in Laterite soil than clay soil, and 7.5% bagasse fibre would be appropriate for use as stabilization material in soil with similar characteristics like the Laterite and clay soil along Ubeta-Ula-Ubie road.
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Otto, Andrew, Robert Tumwesige, and Alemayehu Ayele Endale. "Assessment of Properties of Lateritic Gravel with a View to Enhancing Sustainable Use: A Case Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 52 (2018): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118767416.
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A number of authors have reported several properties of laterite that are not exhibited by other kinds of weathered tropical soils. Most of these properties are attributed to the presence of hydrated oxides of iron and aluminum. The combination of hydrated oxides is referred to as sesquioxides. It has been reported that the strength of soils that contain sesquioxides, such as laterite, increases due to development of self-cementation that occurs on repeated cycles of soaking and drying. The primary objective of this study was to explore the behavior of lateritic gravel under various conditions to develop methods for more beneficial and sustainable use. The scope of this study was a laboratory-based assessment of lateritic gravel obtained from a major source that supplies many construction sites in Kampala City, Uganda. The strength of the gravel was assessed on soaking after initial drying, after stabilization with lime, on drying after initial soaking, and after repeated cycles of soaking and drying. The results showed that for this particular lateritic gravel, the strength was highest when stabilized with lime. The strength development after cycles of soaking and drying was negligible; in fact, there was a reduction in strength. However, at moisture content below its optimum moisture content, the strength developed by the gravel was sufficient for use as base course or sub-base at various traffic levels provided certain measures are taken. Thus, repeated cycles of soaking and drying for this lateritic gravel may in fact be detrimental in the short term.
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Sory, Djakaridja, Yacouba Sanou, Raymond Kaboré, and Samuel Paré. "Efficiency of Two Laterites in Cyanide Removal from Aqueous Solutions: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies." Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry 12, no. 3 (2024): 38–45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20241203.12.
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In the dynamic of drinking water supply in rural populations, water pollution by cyanide is one of challenges that impacts the process in the mining areas of Burkina Faso. The objective of this work was to assess the efficiency of laterite soils to remove cyanide from water. To do this, two laterites were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques to serve as adsorbent. The cyanide removal was carried out using batch experiments with cyanide aqueous solutions. The characterization of laterites using analytical techniques showed a specific surface area of 42.39 and 24.55 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. The crystalline phases were mainly kaolinite, goethite, hematite, quartz, and alumina. The optimization of the operating parameters indicated a strong influence of operating conditions on the adsorption process. Indeed, the optimum stirring speed was 150 rpm corresponding to an adsorption capacity of 0.14 and 0.34 mg/g using raw (LB) and treated (LT) laterites, respectively. By assessing the influence of the contact time, the adsorption capacities were 0.35 and 0.19 mg.g&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; at 40 and 75 min respectively using LT and LB corresponding to a treatment rate of 53% and 28%. The optimal doses were 28 and 45 g.L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; at the optimal temperature of 30°C using LB and LT. Results concluded the efficiency of treated laterite comparatively to the raw laterite. The isotherm modelling concluded on Freundlich isotherm indicating a multilayer adsorption following a pseudo-second order kinetic. Therefore, these laterites would be good filters for the treatment of cyanide enriched waters and other heavy metals in dynamic experiments.
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Yashaswini, Chigicherla, Arya Lekshmi V., Beena V. I., Divya Vijayan V., and Jayasree P. "Spatial Distribution and Mapping of Available Nutrients in Paddy Fields of North Central Laterites of Kerala, India." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 37, no. 5 (2025): 405–19. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2025/v37i55464.
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Soil fertility assessment is crucial for sustainable crop production, particularly in intensive rice-growing regions. The present study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of available nutrients across the rice-growing areas of the north-central laterite of Kerala and generating soil fertility maps to understand potential constraints. A total of 35 geo-referenced samples (0-15 cm depth) were collected, processed and analyzed for various soil properties. The soil pH varied from 4.09 to 6.22, averaging 5.15, indicating an acidic nature. Electrical conductivity remained low (0.03–0.37 dSm-1), ruling out salinity issues. Organic carbon content ranged from 04.20 to 30.0 g kg-1. Macronutrient analysis revealed that these soils were low in available nitrogen (56.45–169.34 kg ha-1) and potassium (30.24–119.24 kg ha-1) and mostly medium to high in available phosphorus. Available calcium (487.50–3318.75 mg kg-1) was sufficient in all samples, whereas 65.85% and 34.28% of samples were deficient in available magnesium and sulfur, respectively. Micronutrient assessment showed sufficient levels of available iron, copper, manganese, and zinc, while 62.85% samples were deficient in available boron. Nutrient index of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium are categorised under low, medium and low classes, respectively. Spatial variability maps for available nutrients were generated using QGIS to visualize and interpret the nutrient distribution across the laterite rice-growing region. These maps revealed the prevalence of widespread multi-nutrient deficiencies in the north central laterite soils of Kerala. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing nutrient management strategies to improve soil health and sustain rice productivity in north central laterites of Kerala.
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Amrutha, U.A., S. Kumar Anjana, Chandran Gopika, Amsaj N. Jaseena, Johnson Shruthi, and J. Dr.Jayamohan. "Influence of Minerology on the Engineering Properties of Lateritic Soil." Journal of Advances in Geotechnical Engineering 3, no. 2 (2020): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3949779.
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Laterite is a soil which is having a high content of iron and aluminium and is mostly found in hot and wet tropical areas. They are formed through a process known as Laterization which is a combination of intensive and prolonged chemical process and leaching. The mineralogical compound of various samples of lateritic soils will be identified by carrying out microscopic analysis. The influence of mineralogical composition on bearing capacity will be investigated by carrying out laboratory scale load tests on model footings.
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Nuru, Zeyneb Kemal, Elsabe P. Kearsley, and Walied A. H. Elsaigh. "Application of Laterite-Based Geopolymer Mortar for Masonry Bedding." Materials Science Forum 1137 (December 16, 2024): 81–86. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-g8zpal.
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This paper explores the production and properties of geopolymer cement mortar using laterite soils. The aim was to evaluate the laterite-based geopolymer mortars for masonry bedding applications. The testing programme encompassed three series of mixes tested to determine setting times, flowability, flexural strength and compressive strength. Two types of sands were used including standard sand and natural sand. The effect of water-to-laterite ratios, activating agent concentration, and cement-to-sand ratio were established. The properties of standard cement paste, and mortar were used as a reference. The study found that geopolymer mortar made from laterite meets the requirements for masonry bedding.
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Pate, J. S., W. H. Verboom, and P. D. Galloway. "Co-occurrence of Proteaceae, laterite and related oligotrophic soils: coincidental associations or causative inter-relationships?" Australian Journal of Botany 49, no. 5 (2001): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt00086.
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This communication presents the hypothesis that certain Australian lateritic and related oligotrophic soils may have been partly derived biotically from soluble iron-rich complexes generated following secretion of low-molecular weight organic acids by phosphate-absorbing specialised proteoid (cluster) roots of proteaceous plants. Subsequent precipitation of the iron is then pictured as occurring onto the oxide rinds of developing laterite after consumption of the organic components of the complexes by soil bacteria. The hypothesis is f irst examined in relation to current theories of origins of laterites and the extent of the coincidences worldwide in past and present times between Proteaceae and oligotrophic soil types of lateritic character. The paper then provides more definitive lines of evidence supporting the hypothesis, based largely on recent studies by the authors in south-western Western Australia. This relates to (a) cases of definitive association in habitats rich in Proteaceae between zones of root proliferation and ferricrete layers in lateritic soils, (b) proximity in soil profiles between ferric deposits and current and ancestral root channels, (c) the recovery of citrate-consuming bacteria from soil profiles and specifically from ferricrete rinds and horizons accumulating sesquioxide organic matter and (d) distribution of iron and phosphorus within plant and soil profile components consistent with ferricrete rinds being generated by rhizosphere-mediated interactions of plants and microbes under conditions of severely limited availability of phosphorus. The mode of functioning of proteoid root clusters is then discussed, especially in relation to exudation of organic acid anions, uptake of phosphorus and the subsequent fate of organic anions and their metal ion complexes in the system. An empirically based scheme is presented indicating flow profiles for phosphorus and iron between soil, ferricrete rinds and bacterial and plant components. We then discuss possible carbon costs to proteaceous plant partners when accessing phosphorus under the nutrient-impoverished conditions typical of heathlands and open woodlands of Mediterranean-type ecosystems of Western Australia. The paper concludes with a critical overview of the hypothesis, particularly its implications regarding possible higher plant: microbial influences shaping soil and landscape evolution in the regions involved.
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Akerele, Adebimpe Omorinsola, Irewolede Aina Ijaola, and Olatunbosun Hezekiel Omolayo. "Effects of Synthetic Foam on the Properties of Stabilized Lateritic Bricks." Journal of Engineering, Project, and Production Management 11, no. 1 (2021): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeppm-2021-0007.
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AbstractManaging the production costs of construction projects is crucial especially in the aspect of material management. The use of lightweight materials reduces the dead load in structures, thus the reduction in the use of reinforcement and concrete in the foundation. To this end, this study examined the effect of synthetic foam on the properties of stabilized lateritic brick with a view to producing lightweight stabilized laterite brick for use on weak soils with low bearing capacity. Laboratory tests were conducted on the bricks produced to determine the density, compressive strength, and water absorption properties at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Preformed foam using synthetic foaming agent was used at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% to replace the water in the experiment. One hundred twenty samples of stabilized foamed lateritic bricks were produced at a mixed ratio of 1:4 (cement: laterite) using a 0.6 water/cement ratio. The result showed that the bricks at all percentages of foam content meet up with the minimum requirement of compressive strength of 1.6N/mm2, 2.0N/mm2 and 3.5N/mm2 recommended by the Nigerian Building code, Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute, and the third class brick of the BS 3921:1985 respectively. The water absorption is within the limits of bricks specified in standards as 15%. The highest compressive strength was recorded at 25% foam inclusion (4.839N/mm2) on 28th day hence concluding that foaming agent stabilizes the characteristics strength of laterite bricks and also reduces its density.
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Barrientos, M. A., J. A. Gabo-Ratio, T. Yamada, K. Jabagat, A. M. Francisco, and K. Yonezu. "Co, Sc, and Ni enrichment in the Cagdianao nickel laterite deposit, Dinagat Islands, Philippines." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1373, no. 1 (2024): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1373/1/012041.
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Abstract Nickel laterites are soils that are derived from the weathering of mafic and ultramafic rocks. These deposits are being extracted mostly for their economic Ni and Fe content. However, in recent studies, the potential of nickel laterites to hold significant amounts of critical metals such as Sc and Co are already being investigated. In the Philippines, nickel laterite deposits form through the weathering of ophiolitic units. One of these is the Cagdianao nickel laterite deposit which was derived from the weathering of the ultramafic units of the Dinagat Ophiolite Complex in Dinagat Island, Surigao Del Norte, Philippines. The bedrock of the Dinagat Ophiolite Complex is dominantly comprised of harzburgite. This harzburgite bedrock is overlain by a nickel laterite profile consisting of horizons of Mg- and Si-rich rocky saprolite, earthy saprolite, Fe-rich limonite, and an Al-rich topsoil. Drillcores and field exposures of the nickel laterite profile were observed, sampled, and subjected to petrography, whole rock geochemistry (XRF and ICPMS), and mineral chemistry (LA-ICPMS) analyses. In terms of major elements, Fe is dominant in the limonite zone (up to 59.76 wt.%). Mg and Si are more enriched in the rocky saprolite layer (up to 28.41 and 37.41 wt.%, respectively). In terms of the critical minerals, Ni is more enriched in the saprolite zone (up to 29936 ppm) while Co and Sc are more enriched in the limonite zone (up to 1080 and 86 ppm, respectively). Elemental mapping of the bedrock samples reveals the strong affinity of Ni to olivine and serpentine. Sc was revealed to have a greater affinity with orthopyroxenes. Lastly, Co is observed to have a slight affinity with olivine. These results show a relative enrichment of Co in the profile, particularly in the limonite. Co within the laterite profile also has a very strong affinity with MnO. Similarly, the highest concentration values for Sc were also observed in the limonite. It also exhibits an affinity for Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Lastly, Ni was observed to have a strong affinity with olivine and serpentine minerals in the bedrock and the rocky saprolite horizons. Within the deposit, Ni is the main commodity while Co, Sc, and REEs can be considered as by-products.
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Zhao, Xiaoli, Zihan Liu, Jichao Zuo, et al. "Comparison of Oil Extraction and Density Extraction Method to Extract Microplastics for Typical Agricultural Soils in China." Agronomy 14, no. 6 (2024): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061193.
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Microplastic pollution in agricultural soil threatens soil quality and human health which has attracted extensive attention worldwide. However, there is no uniform standard for microplastic extraction methods and the identification of microplastic component in different typical agricultural soils. In this study, an artificial simulation adding experiment was used in eight typical agricultural soil samples in China. The aim of the study was to use different methods for extraction, comparing the extraction rates of four microplastics and their influence on polymer identification using ATR- FTIR. The two separate methods were oil extraction (water + oil and saturated NaCl solution + oil), and density method (saturated NaCl solution). The four types of microplastics include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene (PE). We found that the oil extraction method effectively extracted four types of microplastics in agricultural soils, which varied from 83.33% to 100.00%. However, the extraction rate of PET under the oil extraction method and PP under the density method from Southern laterite area was lower than other soils. The presence of iron and aluminum ions influenced the extraction rates of microplastics in the Southwest laterite area. With the increase in microplastic density, the extraction rates of the density method decrease. The oil extraction methods with the cleaning of residual oil were recommended for the higher density microplastics. The density method was recommended for the lighter microplastics in agricultural soils. However, these two extraction methods were not ideal to extract the microplastics from the Southern laterite area and the appropriate extraction methods for laterite need to be further studied in the future. Our results can provide technical support for the extraction treatment and scientific microplastic pollution control of typical agricultural soils with different erosion areas.
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Saputro, Wira Hadi, and Dan Rusdiansyah. "Study of shear strength between laterite soil due to temperature influence based on laboratory scale." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 27 (February 7, 2025): 41–47. https://doi.org/10.47577/technium.v27i.12504.
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South Kalimantan is a large wetland with an area of 382,272 hectares (ha). The condition of wetland with soft soil types in this area, especially peat soil can initiate fires during the dry season because the water content in the land decreases drastically. Moreover, fires that occur on peat soil land with road constructions do cause the temperature around the land to increase. The increment of this temperature can affect the physical and mechanical properties of the embankment/laterite soil. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the influence of hot temperatures on shear strength between laterite soils. The materials used were laterite soil samples from quarries in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, namely Mandiangin, Cempaka, and Landasan Ulin. The temperature variations applied below 100oC included 27, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90oC. During the analysis, the method used was a direct shear test in the laboratory. Based on the study conducted, the data analysis results were obtained and presented in a graph. The results showed that the changes in characteristics of laterite soil were due to the influence of hot temperatures. Additionally, the outcome also signified that cohesion value (c) in Mandiangin, Cempaka, and Landasan Ulin laterite soils from a normal temperature of 27 to 90oC increased on average by 11.5, 19, and 53%. The analysis implied that when the soil water content decreased, most of the free water pumped out, leaving capillary water occupying the space between soil grains. Following the discussion, the value of internal friction angle (φ) of these laterite soils from 27 to 90oC increased on average by 60.5, 59.5, and 84%. The result showed that when the soil water content reduced and the pore water pressure decreased, increasing effective stress (σ') in the soil. During the analysis, higher effective stress increased frictional resistance between soil grains, and φ value also improved. Therefore, soil mechanical properties parameters such as soil shear strength could be increased by adjusting soil temperature.
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Chukwuemeka, Nwaobakata, Amadise S. Ogboin, and Charles Kennedy. "Performance of Costus Lateriflorus Bagasse Ash and Cement as Stabilization Materials for Soil in Road Construction." Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering 6, no. 4 (2022): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.001.
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The study investigated the performance of Costus lateriflorus bagasse ash and cement composite for stabilization of Laterite and clay soils from Ubeta-Ula-Ubie road in Ahoada West LGA of Rivers state, Nigeria. The soil samples were prepared and tested for variations in maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), consistency limits, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS), maximum dry density (MDD), liquid limit (LL) and plasticity index (PI) of the stabilized laterite and clay soils decreased with increasing percentage of the bagasse ash composite, while optimum moisture content (OMC), plastic limit (PL) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were increased with the proportion of bagasse ash. This study establishes that an appropriate proportion of bagasse ash content in soil stabilization would enhance the properties of soil suitable for pavement and road construction. Comparatively, bagasse ash performed better in Laterite soil than clay soil at optimum proportion of 0.75% and 7.5% cement composition.
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Chukwuemeka, Nwaobakata, Amadise S. Ogboin, and Charles Kennedy. "Performance of Costus Lateriflorus Bagasse Ash and Cement as Stabilization Materials for Soil in Road Construction." Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering 6, no. 4 (2022): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2022.v06i04.001.
Full textAbstract:
The study investigated the performance of Costus lateriflorus bagasse ash and cement composite for stabilization of Laterite and clay soils from Ubeta-Ula-Ubie road in Ahoada West LGA of Rivers state, Nigeria. The soil samples were prepared and tested for variations in maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), consistency limits, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS), maximum dry density (MDD), liquid limit (LL) and plasticity index (PI) of the stabilized laterite and clay soils decreased with increasing percentage of the bagasse ash composite, while optimum moisture content (OMC), plastic limit (PL) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were increased with the proportion of bagasse ash. This study establishes that an appropriate proportion of bagasse ash content in soil stabilization would enhance the properties of soil suitable for pavement and road construction. Comparatively, bagasse ash performed better in Laterite soil than clay soil at optimum proportion of 0.75% and 7.5% cement composition.
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Agashua, Lucia Omolayo, Samuel Adebanji Ogbiye, Olugbenga Oludolapo Amu, and Christopher Ehizemhen Igibah. "Compactability of Agro based Geopolymer using Sodium Silicate Activator." International Journal of World Policy and Development Studies, no. 91 (March 1, 2023): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijwpds.91.29.38.
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The strength of a fine-grained lateritic soilfrom three (3) different localities on Abuja – Lokoja road where road failure happen was treated with rice husk ash (RSA), cement andsodium silicate activator (SSA), with varying percentage examined by means of Atterberg, Compaction and triaxial shear tests. The addition of optimum cement with additives changes laterite sample of plasticity index (PI) into non-plastic and resulted in a minimum of 11.90 % reduction in PI of lateritic soil which led to the belief that additives decreases plasticity of soils, and this is an advantage, because reduction in PI contents indicates animprovement.Thecompaction characteristics of the natural lateritic soils were altered with the addition of optimum contents of OPC with each of RHA, KCP and SSA. The MDD of cement-stabilized residual soil slightly increased with the increase in cement content, whereas by adding RHA, KCP and cement, the OMC is decreases steeply. Also, CBR results shows that CBR of the soil-cement-SSA content increases upon adding sodium silicate activator content up to 4% SSA content before the value experiences reduction at much higher SSA content. But, theRHA-treated residual soils decrease the CBR value from 6% upwards. This, again, alludes that RHA alone is not suitable as stabilizer.
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Gana, Dauda, N.A. Nwankwor, and T.J. Tika. "THE PROPERTIES OF LATERITE SOILS AS THEY AFFECTS THE STABILITY OF BITUMEN STABILISED BRICKS." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 6 (2020): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i6.2019.400.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the properties of laterite soil and how they affect the stability of bitumen stabilized bricks. The samples for the study were disturbed samples sourced in seven locations in Adamawa State. Each sample weigh 20kg transported to the laboratory for tests. The tests conducted include: Sieve Analysis, sedimentation Test, Liquid Limit Test, Plastic Limit Test, Activity Ratio, Free Swell Test and Optimum Moisture Content Test. Three research questions guided the study and the findings of the study include; that the samples shows increase percentage smaller or less than 63 microns sizes, which indicate that the samples are more of silt and clay particles. The properties of the laterite soils taken for the study include; liquid limit ranging from 35-49, plasticity index from 11-14 percent, the activity ratio ranges from 1.0-1.4, and free swell test shows less than 100 percent. One of the recommendations made was that, Laterite soil stabilization should precede a study of the particles size distribution to ensure that the categories of the Laterite soil can bland with the bitumen emulsion to envelop the particles for the purpose of preventing moisture movement in the bricks.
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Dr., Dauda Gana, N.A. Nwankwor Dr., and T.J. Tika Dr. "THE PROPERTIES OF LATERITE SOILS AS THEY AFFECTS THE STABILITY OF BITUMEN STABILISED BRICKS." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 6 (2019): 123–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3266154.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to determine the properties of laterite soil and how they affect the stability of bitumen stabilized bricks. The samples for the study were disturbed samples sourced in seven locations in Adamawa State. Each sample weigh 20kg transported to the laboratory for tests. The tests conducted include: Sieve Analysis, sedimentation Test, Liquid Limit Test, Plastic Limit Test, Activity Ratio, Free Swell Test and Optimum Moisture Content Test. Three research questions guided the study and the findings of the study include; that the samples shows increase percentage smaller or less than 63 microns sizes, which indicate that the samples are more of silt and clay particles. The properties of the laterite soils taken for the study include; liquid limit ranging from 35-49, plasticity index from 11-14 percent, the activity ratio ranges from 1.0-1.4, and free swell test shows less than 100 percent. One of the recommendations made was that, Laterite soil stabilization should precede a study of the particles size distribution to ensure that the categories of the Laterite soil can bland with the bitumen emulsion to envelop the particles for the purpose of preventing moisture movement in the bricks.
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Tuan Ismail, Tuan Noor Hasanah, Siti Aimi Nadia Mohd Yusoff, Ismail Bakar, et al. "Engineering behaviour of stabilized laterite and kaolin using lignin." MATEC Web of Conferences 250 (2018): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825001008.
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Soils at many sites do not always have enough strength to bear the structures constructed over them and some of the soil may need to be stabilized in order to improve their geotechnical properties. In this paper, routine laboratory tests were critically carried out to investigate the efficacy of lignin in improving the strength behaviour of the soils. Two different soil samples (laterite and kaolin) were studied and mixed with different proportions of lignin (2% and 5% of dry weight of soil), respectively. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) characteristics evaluated in this study were done on samples at their maximum dry density and optimum moisture content (obtained from compaction tests). The UCS tests on all the specimens were carried out after 0, 7, 15, 21 and 30 days of controlled curing. The research results showed that the addition of lignin into kaolin reduced its maximum dry density while giving progressively higher optimum moisture content. Contrarily, with the laterite soil, both maximum dry density and optimum moisture content simultaneously increased when lignin was added into the soils. The UCS results showed that the the stabilized laterite with 2% lignin continued to gain strength significantly at a fairly steady rate after 7 days. Unfortunately, lignin did not show a significant effect in kaolin.
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Yu, Changhong, Haiyan Yang, Jiuhao Li, and Cong Li. "Influence of Sugarcane on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Sloping Laterite Soils During High-Intensity Rainfall." Agronomy 15, no. 3 (2025): 596. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15030596.
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Laterite is the predominant zonal soil in China’s southernmost tropical rainforest and monsoon forest regions, where typhoons are the primary source of precipitation. These storms pose significant risks of land and soil degradation due to heavy rainfall. In recent years, a substantial area of sloping land has been converted to agricultural use in these regions, predominantly for the cultivation of crops grown in laterite soil. These activities contribute to soil erosion, exacerbate environmental challenges, and hinder the pursuit of sustainable development. There is a paucity of research reports on the processes and mechanisms of runoff and sediment on sugarcane-cropped slopes in regions with laterite soil under heavy rainfall conditions. In this study, four different heavy rainfall scenarios of 75, 100, 125, and 150 mm/h were designed to assess the impact on sugarcane growth at four key stages and to measure the resulting effects on initial runoff time, surface runoff, and sediment yield from laterite soil slopes under controlled laboratory conditions. The results showed that the Horton model explained much of the variation in infiltration rate on the sugarcane-cropped laterite slopes. The cumulative sediment yield on the sugarcane-cropped laterite slopes followed a second-degree polynomial function. The initial runoff time, infiltration intensity, runoff intensity, and sediment yield were all linearly related to the leaf area index (LAI) and rainfall intensity on the sugarcane-cropped slope surface. The leaf area index exerted a greater influence on the initial runoff time and infiltration intensity than rainfall intensity. However, rainfall intensity exerted a greater influence on the runoff intensity and sediment yield than the leaf area index. Compared with the bare sloping land, the average sediment yield was reduced by 12.2, 33.1, 58.2, and 64.9% with the sugarcane growth stages of seedling, tillering, elongation, and maturity, respectively.
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Wuese Agi, Helen, Aondoseer Abraham Atoo, and Lyambee Eric Hyagh. "Effect of Prosopis Africana Pod Ash on Cement-Stabilized Laterite." Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering 10, no. 6 (2025): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.35629/8193-10063542.
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Lateritic soil (LS) sample collected from Naka area of Benue State, classified as A-2-7 (9) soil according to AASHTO classification, was stabilized with 2%, 4%, and 6% cement by weight of the soil. Using British Standard Heavy (BSH) compaction energy, the effect of Prosopis Africana pod ash (PAPA) on the soil was investigated with 20% and 40% by weight addition of the PAPA on each of the cement percentage additions with respect to compaction characteristics. The test results reveal that, the addition of Prosopis Africana pod ash on cement stabilized laterite reduces liquid limit, plastic limit, linear shrinkage and plasticity index. In terms of the compaction and strength properties, it decreases maximum dry density (MDD), increases optimum moisture content (OMC) and increases California bearing ratio (CBR) respectively, with optimum improvement recorded at 14% Prosopis Africana pod ash and 6% cement and hence recommended for use in stabilization of marginal lateritic soils.
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Attoh-Okine, N. O. "Lime treatment of laterite soils and gravels — revisited." Construction and Building Materials 9, no. 5 (1995): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(95)00030-j.
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Pho, Nguyen Van, Pham Tich Xuan, and Pham Thanh Dang. "Occurrence of supergene nickel ores in the Ha Tri Massive, Hoa An District, Cao Bang Province." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40, no. 2 (2018): 154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/40/2/11676.
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Nickel (Ni) laterites are regolith materials derived from ultramafic rocks and play an important role in the world's Ni production. Ni-laterite deposits are the supergene enrichment of Ni formed from the intense chemical and mechanical weathering of ultramafic parental rocks. In Vietnam, the weathering profile containing Ni laterite was first discovered in the Ha Tri massive (Cao Bang). This profile develops on the Ha Tri serpentinized peridotite rocks classified to the Cao Bang mafic-ultramafic complex (North Vietnam) and exhibits thick weathered zone (10 - 15m). This work carried out a detailed study of the weathering profile at the center of Ha Tri massive. Samples from different horizons of the profile were collected and analyzed in detail by XRF, XRD and SEM-EDX methods to establish the relationship between the Ni-rich supergene products and the parental peridotites (lherzolite) rocks in Ha Tri massive. The results show that the saprolite horizon is most Ni-rich in the weathering profile in Ha Tri. In this horizon, Ni-silicate minerals of garnierite group such as pimelite, nepouite and other Mg-Ni silicates have been found. The appearance of minerals of garnierite group is due to the exchange of Mg by Ni during weathering of peridotite minerals, especially olivine, which leads to the enrichment of the supergene Ni. The occurrence of Ni silicates suggests the existence of the supergene Ni ore in the weathering profile of the Ha Tri massive.References Bosio N.J., Hurst J.V., Smith R.L., 1975. Nickelliferousnontronite, a 15 Å garnierite, at Niquelandia, Goias Brazil. Clays Clay Miner., 23, 400-403. Brand N.W., Butt C.R.M., Elias M., 1998. Nickel Laterites: Classification and features. AGSO Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics, 17(4), 81-88. Bricker O.P., Nesbitt H.W. and Gunter W.D., 1973. The stability of talc. American Mineralogist, 58, 64-72. Brindley G.W. and Hang P.T., 1973. The nature of garnierites. Structures, chemical composition and color characteristics. Clay and Clay Minerals, 21, 27-40. Brindley G.W. and Maksimovic Z., 1974. The nature and nomenclature of hydrous nickel-containing silicates. Clay Minerals, 10, 271-277. Brindley G.W. and Wan H.M., 1975. Composition structures and thermal behavior of nickel containing minerals in thelizardite-ne´pouite series. American Mineralogist, 60, 863-871. Brindley G.W., Bish D.L. and Wan H.M., 1979. Compositions, structures and properties of nickel containing minerals in the kerolite-pimelite series. American Mineralogist, 64, 615-625. Cluzel D. and Vigier B., 2008. Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores from New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific). Evidence from faulted regolith and garnierite veins. Resource Geology, 58, 161-170. Colin F., Nahon D., Trescases J.J., Melfi A.J., 1990. Lateritic weathering of pyroxenites at Niquelandia, Goais, Brazil: The supergene behavior ofnickel: Economic Geology, 85, 1010-1023. Das S.K., Sahoo R.K., Muralidhar J., Nayak B.K., 1999. Mineralogy and geochemistry of profilesthrough lateritic nickel deposits at Kansa,Sukinda, Orissa. Joural of Geoogical. SocietyIndia, 53, 649-668. Decarreau A., Colin F., Herbillon A., Manceau A., Nahon D., Paquet H., Trauth-Badaud D.,Trescases J.J., 1987. Domain segregation in NiFe-Mg-Smectites. Clay Minerals, 35, 1-10. Freyssinet P., Butt C.R.M. and Morris R.C., 2005. Oreforming processes related to lateritic weathering. Economic Geology, 100th aniversary volume, 681-722.Garnier J., Quantin C., Martins E.S., Becquer T., 2006. Solid speciation and availability of chromium in ultramafic soils from Niquelandia, Brazil. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 88, 206-209. Garnier J., Quantin C., Guimarães E., Becquer T., 2008. Can chromite weathering be a source of Cr in soils? Mineralogy Magazine, 72, 49-53. Gleeson S.A., Butt C.R. and Elias M., 2003. Nickel laterites: A review. SEG Newsletter, 54, 11-18. Gleeson S.A., Butt C.R., Wlias M., 2003. Nickellaterites: a review. SEG Newsletter, Society of Economic Geology, 54. Available from www.segweb.org. Golightly J.P., 1981. Nickeliferous laterite deposits. Economic Geology, 75th Anniversary volume, 710-735. Golightly J.P., 2010. Progress in understanding the evolution of nickel laterite. Society of Economic Geology, In Special Publication, 15, 451-485. Manceau A. and Calas G., 1985. Heterogeneous distribution of nickel in hydrous silicates from New Caledonia ore deposits. American Mineralogist, 70, 549-558. Nguyen Van Pho, 2013. Tropic weathering in Vietnam (in Vietnamese). Pubisher Science and Technology, 365p.Ngo Xuan Thanh, Tran Thanh Hai, Nguyen Hoang, Vu Quang Lan, S. Kwon, Tetsumaru Itaya, M. Santosh, 2014. Backarc mafic-ultramafic magmatism in Northeastern Vietnam and its regional tectonic significance. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 90, 45-60.Pelletier B., 1983. Localisation du nickel dans les minerais ‘‘garnieritiques’’ de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Sciences Ge´ologique: Me´moires, 73, 173-183.Pelletier B., 1996. Serpentines in nickel silicate ores from New Caledonia. In Grimsey E.J., and Neuss I. (eds): Nickel ’96, Australasian Institute of Miningand Metallurgy, Melbourne, Publication Series 6(9), 197-205. Proenza J.A., Lewis J.F., Galı´ S., Tauler E., Labrador M., Melgarejo J.C., Longo F. and Bloise G., 2008. Garnierite mineralization from Falcondo Ni-laterite deposit (Dominican Republic). Macla, 9, 197-198. Soler J.M., Cama J., Galı´ S., Mele´ndez W., Ramı´rez, A., andEstanga, J., 2008. Composition and dissolution kinetics ofgarnierite from the Loma de Hierro Ni-laterite deposit,Venezuela. Chemical Geology, 249, 191-202. Springer G., 1974. Compositional and structural variations ingarnierites. The Canadian Mineralogist, 12, 381-388. Springer G., 1976. Falcondoite, nickel analogue of sepiolite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 14, 407-409.Svetlitskaya T.V., Tolstykh N.D., Izokh A.E., Phuong Ngo Thi, 2015. PGE geochemical constraints on the origin of the Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide mineralization in the Suoi Cun intrusion, Cao Bang province, Northeastern Vietnam. Miner Petrol, 109, 161-180.Tran Trong Hoa, Izokh A.E., Polyakov G.V., Borisenko A.S., Tran Tuan Anh, Balykin P.A., Ngo Thi Phuong, Rudnev S.N., Vu Van Van, Bui An Nien, 2008. Permo-Triassic magmatism and metallogeny of Northern Vietnam in relation to the Emeishan plume. Russ. Geol. Geophys., 49, 480-491.Trescases J.J., 1975. L'évolution supergene des roches ultrabasiques en zone tropicale: Formation de gisements nikelifères de Nouvelle Caledonie. Editions ORSTOM, Paris, 259p.Tri T.V., Khuc V. (eds), 2011. Geology and Earth Resources of Vietnam. Publishing House for Science and Technology, 645p (in English). Villanova-de-Benavent C., Proenza J.A., GalíS., Tauler E., Lewis J.F. and Longo F., 2011. Talc- and serpentine-like ‘‘garnierites’’ in the Falcondo Ni-laterite deposit, Dominican Republic. ‘Let’s talk ore deposits’, 11th Biennial Meeting SGA 2011, Antofagasta, Chile, 3p.Wells M.A., 2003. Goronickel laterite deposit. New Caledonia. CRC LEME, p.3.
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Pereira-De-Oliveira, Luiz, Lucio Macedo, José Neto, Dellane Santos, and Hugo Silva. "Viability of lateritic soil as alkaline activated precursor." MATEC Web of Conferences 274 (2019): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927401004.
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This study investigates the disposal of lateritic soil available in the state of Maranhao, Brazil, to be used as a natural precursor of alkaline activated material. Lateritic soils are formed in the tropics through weathering processes that favour the formation of iron, aluminium and may contain a large amount of quartz and kaolinite. The quality of laterite for this application may vary significantly depending on both geographic location and depth of a quarry. The identification of quarry locals was carried out in this work, together with a disposal volume estimation considering economic issues about exploration techniques. A comparison of the chemical composition of the lateritic soil of the state of Maranhao with those related in the literature is used to outline the feasibility of using this natural material as precursor of alkaline activated cements. It is concluded that the lateritic soil availability, as well as their characteristics, can enable the development of alkaline activated materials as a future local building material and environmentally friendly.
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K, OMAR HATTAB, and RAMANATHAN K.M. "EFFECT OF POTASSIUM AND ZINC ON THE YIELD OF TOMATO UNDER VARIED SOIL GROUPS OF TAMILNADU." Madras Agricultural Journal 78, March Augest (1991): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01833.
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Pot experiment conducted in four major soil groups of Tamil Nadu viz., Alluvial (Entisol), Black (Vertisol), Laterite (Ultisol), and Red (Alfisol) to study the effect of K and Zn on the yield of Tomato with three levels of K (0, 50 and 100 kg/K/ha) and Zn (0, 50 and 100 kg ZnSO4/ha) revealed that the application of 100 kg K20/ha and 50 kg ZnSO4/ha was found to be adequate for obtaining higher yield. The laterite soil registered the highest yield of tomato followed by black, alluvial and red soils.
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Permatasari, Anita Dewi, Nursalfaul Fahira, Nurul Husna Muslimin, and Subaer. "Development of Photoactive Nano TiO2 Thin Film-Geopolymer Based on Laterite Soils Deposit Gowa Regency as Self-Cleaning Material." Materials Science Forum 967 (August 2019): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.967.274.
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The main objectives of this study is to investigate the properties of photoactive Nano TiO2 thin film-geopolymer based on laterite soils deposit Gowa regency as self-cleaning material. The soil was clean, grounded, sieves 200 mesh and dehydroxylated at 750 for 2 hours. Nano TiO2 was prepared through ball milling process for 10 hours. The geopolymers was synthesized through alkali activation method by adjusting the molar oxide ratios of SiO2/(Al2O3+Fe2O3), Na2O/SiO2 and H2O/Na2O in accordance with the chemical compositions of the soils. Nano TiO2 was added into geopolymers paste at different concentration namely 0.5% and 1.0% (relative to the mass of laterite soils) by using spray method. The self-cleaning properties of the sample were observed by immersing the sample into clays solution then irradiated under UV lamp for 24 hours. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was performed to examine the structure and phase of the sample. The surface morphology of geopolymers was studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The measurements results showed that photoactive Nano TiO2-geopolymers composite can be applied as self-cleaning materials.
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Hyoumbi, William Tchungouelieu, Patrick Pizette, Armand Sylvain Ludovic Wouatong, and Nor-Edine Abriak. "Mineralogical, Chemical, Geotechnical and Mechanical Investigations of Bafang Lateritic Fine Soils Formed on Basalts (West-Cameroon) for Road Embankment Purpose." Earth Science Research 7, no. 2 (2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v7n2p42.
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The present paper treats the relationship between geotechnical parameters and the mineralogical compositions, in order to understand the behavior of the Bafang lateritic fine soils and their efficient use as road embankment materials on the other hand. Thus, the field campaigns have permitted to distinguish two facies of Bafang lateritic fine soils: reddish and yellowish facies. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), the thermo-gravimetry analysis (TGA) and the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) have revealed that the reddish facies contents: kaolinite (53.34% -48.29%); hematite (16.62% - 17.40 %); gibbsite (8.26 % - 16.54%), ilmenite (7.6 % -7.98%), quartz (1.92 % - 4.65 %), illite (2.65% - 1.99 %) and accessories minerals as florencite (1.45%); montmorillonite (0.90 %) and plagioclase (0.69 %); while the yellowish facies is composed of : 65.1 % kaolinite, 11.2 % gibbsite, 9.64 % goethite, 7.02 % quartz, 3.23 % ilmenite and 2.08 % of illite. Their Silica/sexquioxide ratios correspond to those of moderate laterite. The geotechnical and mechanical characteristics have shown that the reddish and yellowish facies are respectively silty clay and sandy silt. They are plastic to very high plastic and moderately clayey to clayey materials. Moreover, they are medium swelling to high swelling. The IBR values more than 40% and the soaked CBR values prove that these materials belong to the S4 bearing capacity class. The minimum values of UCS and Rt are respectively 1.7 MPa and 0.17 MPa. Then, the results of geotechnical and mechanical properties combining to those of XRD, TGA and XRF have demonstrated that the fine lateritic soils with low silica/sexquioxide ratios values (less than 1.6) are suitable for road embankment.
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Babacar, LY, BA Makhaly, and Dione Adama. "Studies of the mechanical performance of SH85 and cement-stabilized lateritic aggregates soil." Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research 10, no. 6 (2023): 116–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10462880.
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<strong>Abstract </strong>The objective of this research is to improve the mechanical characteristics of lateritic soils with calcium silicate (CaSiO3) with the trade name SH-85 as a chemical additive and Portland cement. Laboratory tests have been conducted on natural lateritic gravels (particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, Modified Proctor test and CBR test), but also on SH-85 stabilized lateritic aggregates. Investigations conducted at the University of Oregon to evaluate the elemental composition of the SH85 stabilizer have confirmed the use of calcium Silicate (CaSiO3), which formula was precisely studied by (Ndiaye et al, 2022). As a chemical additive the percentage of the binder was fixed at 4%. The results of the tests conducted in Senegal showed that CBR increases by 192% for SH85 enhanced laterite compared to 183% for cement. The compression strength (UCS) gives a value of 2.29 MPa for SH85 treated samples against 2.01 MPa for Portland cement ones. The tensile strength (TS) is 0.29 MPa for SH85 treated samples compared to 0.26 MPa for Portland cement ones.
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K, APPAVU, and SREE RAMULU U.S. "FORMS OF IRON AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION IN SOME SOIL PROFILES OF TAMIL NADU." Madras Agricultural Journal 78, March Augest (1991): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01840.
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The distribution pattern of total and available iron and their relationship with different soil properties were studied in twenty three soil profiles representing seven major soil series covering four major soil types of Namakkal Taluk in Tamil Nadu. Total iron content varied from 2.90 to 13.60 per cent and the content increased with depth in all the soils. The available iron content varied from 2.01 to 12.66 ppm and the content decreased with depth in laterite and alluvial soils while irregular pattern was observed in black and red soils. Total available iron had a positive association with organic matter and clay content.
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Popoola, Oluniyi Oyedeji, Jonathan Segun Adekanmi, and Omolade Regina Olulope. "CORN-COB ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT FOR STABILIZATION OF LATERITE SOIL." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 15, no. 1 (2024): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.5467.2024.
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Properties of underlying soils and borrowed soil samples are some of the key factors that determine the performance rate of roads. Most of the underlying soils possess some characteristics that make them unsuitable for use. There are available agricultural waste products in most rural settlements which can be used to treat unsuitable soils. This research examined the use of corn cob ash (CCA) as an admixture to cement on some selected geotechnical properties of laterite soil. The choice of the A-7-5 class of laterite soil is due to its general rating as poor material for subgrade and other layers of road pavement by the classification system of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Cement was gradually added to the soil sample in steps of 2% from 0% to 10% by weight of the soil sample and its effect on the plasticity of the sample was examined. The addition of cement performed optimally on the soil’s plasticity at 4% which was used to form different mixtures of cement and CCA having a total sum not exceeding 4%. The additives were added to the soil sample which was subjected to laboratory tests such as compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) compacted with the efforts of 596kN/m2 and 1192kN/m2. The combination of 2% cement and 2% CCA on the soil sample improved the plasticity index and UCS properties of the soil to its optimal level while 3-1 and 4-0 cement-CCA performed optimally for CBR and compaction respectively. Thus, it was concluded that CCA performed optimally with cement at a ratio varying between 4:0 to 3:1 total percentage not exceeding 4% of the weight of the soil sample.
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Jun-Jian Koo, Chee-Ming Chan, Noor Khazanah A Rahman, Salina Sani, and Nur Faezah Yahya. "NON-FIRED LATERITE SOIL BRICKS WITH NA-BASED STABILIZER ADDITION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 31, no. 3 (2024): 010304(1–14). http://dx.doi.org/10.55766/sujst-2024-03-e02270.
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Fired bricks are widely used, but they are energy-intensive and non-eco-friendly. Non-fired bricks with chemical stabilisers can be the alternative solution, which is a low-energy-intensive and environmentally friendly manufacturing product. Laterite soil can be the raw material for the synthesis of non-fired clay brick in sodium hydroxide solution and sodium silicate solution. However, it may have been mixed with other laterite soils with different optimum moisture contents and grain sizes during extraction. Thus, the mixing ratio of laterite soil, Na-based stabilisers, and water for non-fired brick production is determined. Besides, two types of laterite soil, LAT 1 and LAT 2, from different locations were prepared, and another type of laterite soil, LAT 3, was prepared by mixing LAT 1 and LAT 2. Both three are compared primarily in terms of compressive strength and water absorption, which are mixed with the Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio. As a result, the new mixing ratio with increased water content was determined based on the optimum moisture content of the soil. Besides, the optimum mixing ratio of each type of brick was determined. Overall, based on the Malaysian standard, all types of brick samples from each ratio could be used as load-bearing class 1 and internal wall bricks. Additionally, LAT 2 and LAT 3-based bricks with a ratio of 1.5 Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio can be used as load-bearing brick class 2.