Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Laterizio'
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Raffa, Antonio. "Primi sviluppi per la concezione di tamponamenti in laterizio antisismici." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4698/.
Full textGinoble, Marco. "Prove di aderenza su mattoni e muretti in laterizio rinforzati con frp." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4403/.
Full textBellini, Alessandro. "Prove di aderenza su mattoni e muretti in laterizio rinforzati con GFRP." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2610/.
Full textDe, Nigris Stefano. "Prove cicliche di trazione e aderenza su muretti in laterizio rinforzati con FRCM." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textSerra, Valentina. "Diagnosi non distruttiva di murature di laterizio: applicazioni di tomografia sonica in laboratorio." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1341/.
Full textPalumbo, Federico. "Valutazione non distruttiva di muratura in laterizio: applicazione in laboratorio di tomografia sonica e prove dirette." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4313/.
Full textVignali, Giovanni. "Soluzioni innovative in laterizio per edifici ad alta efficienza energetica: un nuovo modello di involucro in muratura portante." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4896/.
Full textCasalboni, Andrea. "Tutela e conservazione del patrimonio storico: la riqualificazione delle facciate della Facoltà di Ingegneria di Bologna." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textFantoni, Alice. "Architettura e sperimentazione costruttiva in Italia nel secondo dopoguerra: il Mercato dei Fiori di Pescia." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textBuyukakinci, Ergin. "Extraction Of Nickel From Lateritic Ores." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609291/index.pdf.
Full textrdes region by hydrometallurgical methods under the optimum conditions. Limonitic and nontronitic types of Gö
rdes lateritic nickel ores were used during experiments. Agitative and column leaching experiments at atmospheric pressure were conducted with various parameters
these were duration, temperature and initial sulfuric acid concentration of leach solution. It was shown that in agitative leaching, under the optimum conditions that were determined as 24 hours of leaching at 95°
C with initial sulfuric acid concentration of 192.1 g/L for nontronite and 240.1 g/L for limonite, nickel and cobalt extractions were 96.0% and 63.4% for nontronite
93.1% and 75.0% for limonite, respectively. Overall acid consumptions of ores were calculated as 669 kg H2SO4/ton dry ore for nontronitic type nickel ore and 714 kg H2SO4/ton dry ore for limonitic type nickel ore. Column leaching experiments also showed that nickel and cobalt could be extracted from both ore types by heap leaching. Nontronite type of laterite was found to be more suitable for column leaching by sulfuric acid. In column leaching, the calculated nickel and cobalt extractions were 83.9% and 55.2% for nontronite after 122 days of leaching with 100 g/L sulfuric acid concentration. Acid consumption of nontronite was found to be 462 kg H2SO4/ton dry ore.
Kose, Caner Hakki. "Hydrometallurgical Processing Of Lateritic Nickel Ores." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612295/index.pdf.
Full textrdes region of Manisa by performing various hydrometallurgical methods under the optimum conditions. This column leach solution of nontronite type lateritic nickel ore was initially neutralized and purified from its basic impurities by a two stage iron removal process under the optimum conditions determined experimentally. Then, nickel and cobalt were precipitated in the form of mixed hydroxide precipitate from the purified leach solution by a two stage precipitation method called &ldquo
MHP&rdquo
and a manganese removal process was carried out also under the optimum conditions determined. By decreasing Mn concentration with this process to an acceptable level yielding at most 10% Mn in hydroxide precipitate, it was possible to produce a qualified MHP product suitable to the current marketing and standard conditions. As a result of this thesis study, the experiments conducted showed that by recycle leaching with sulfuric acid about 81% of Ni and 63% of Co in the lateritic nickel ore (9.72 kg Ni / ton of ore and 0.28 kg Co / ton of ore) could be extracted as mixed hydroxide precipitate by MHP method. The MHP product contains 41.9% Ni, 1.0% Co, 2.3% Mn, 0.06% Al, 1.5% Mg, 0.02% Fe, 0.01% Cr, 0.25% Zn, 0.03% Cu and 4.73% S.
Onal, Mehmet Ali Recai. "Pressure Leaching Of Caldag Lateritic Nickel Ore." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615480/index.pdf.
Full textaldag lateritic nickel ore. In order to extract nickel and cobalt values into pregnant leach solution (PLS), several process parameters of HPAL including acid load, temperature, leaching duration and particle size were investigated in comparative manner at constant solid concentration and agitation speed. After HPAL trials, it has been found that more than one combination of parameters offered higher than 90% extraction efficiencies for both nickel and cobalt. Among them, 0.325 kg/kg acid load, 250°
C, 1 hour duration and 100% -1 mm particle size was selected as the optimum conditions with 94.1% Ni and 94.0% Co extractions. A stock of PLS was prepared under the stated conditions that was treated by downstream operations in order to obtain MHP. Initially by two-stage iron removal of downstream operations major impurities iron, chromium and aluminum were nearly completely removed with acceptable nickel and cobalt losses from PLS. Then, the nickel and cobalt were precipitated by two-stage mixed hydroxide precipitation. In the first step of MHP, the optimum conditions were chosen as pH=7.10, 60°
C and 1 hour duration. The intermediate product obtained at these conditions contained 44.3% Ni, 3.01% Co with 3.06% Mn contamination. In summary, it was found that Ç
aldag nickel laterite ore was readily leachable under HPAL conditions and PLS obtained was easily treatable in order to produce saleable MHP.
Andrews, Deller M. E. "Lateritic palaeosols of N.E. Africa : a remote sensing study." Thesis, Open University, 2012. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54716/.
Full textOzdemir, Veysel. "Hydrometallurgical Extraction Of Nickel And Cobalt From Caldag Lateritic Ore." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607777/index.pdf.
Full textaldag Lateritic Ore, Manisa, Turkey. The metal contents of the ore are 2.1 % Ni, 0.12 % Co, 32.45 % Fe, 1.01 % Mn, 2.58 % Cr, 0.78 % Mg and 1.01 % Al. The reserve of lateritic ore deposit is approximately 40 million tonnes. In the study, first sulphuric acid leaching was applied at atmospheric pressure for leaching the Ç
aldag lateritic ore. The effect of various parameters, such as leaching time, leaching temperature, particle size, pulp density and acid strength on Ni and Co extractions were determined. By leaching at 80oC for 40 wt % H2SO4 addition of ore, 1/3 pulp density, Ni and Co extractions were found 44.49 % and 53.03 % respectively, yielded a pregnant solution containing 3.11 g/L Ni and 0.12 g/L Co. But the result of atmospheric pressure sulphuric acid leaching was considered insufficient from the recovery point of view. In the pug-roast-leach process, which is consisted of a two stage roasting followed by water leaching, decomposition temperature differences of sulphates of cobalt, nickel and iron are exploited. In this process, amount of acid, sulphatization and decomposition temperature, sulphatization and decomposition time, leaching temperature and time, solid/liquid ratio, and the effect of water addition during pugging were optimized. Under the optimized conditions (sulphuric acid: 25 wt % of ore
moisture: 20 wt % of ore
sulphatization temperature: 450oC
sulphatization time: 30 minutes
decomposition temperature: 700oC
decomposition time: 60 minutes
leaching temperature: 70oC
leaching time: 30 minutes and solid-liquid ratio: 1/4 by weight), Co and Ni extractions were found 91.4 and 84.4 percent, respectively. A pregnant solution containing 3.084 g/L Ni and 0.185 g/L Co was obtained. These results were considered sufficient for the leaching of lateritic nickel ores.
Ng'anjo, Peter. "Research into the properties of lateritic gravels and their impact on pavement design." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51897.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Laterites are used extensively in the tropics as road building materials in unbound base, sub-base layers and in surface layers. However, most base course specifications usually require the provision of crushed and graded stone or stabilized base and often exclude the general use of as-dug laterites or other naturally occurring gravels. Various field studies in the past have clearly indicated that many lateritic gravel deposits can be used successfully as base course materials in roads carrying low to medium traffic without incurring additional maintenance costs and with considerable cost savings in pavement construction rehabilitation. Further research is needed for the more precise definition of the relationship between laterite characteristics, traffic loading, environment, and pavement performance. In this study, extensive use was made of static and cyclic triaxial testing to investigate the fundamental behaviour of a lateritic gravel material. The tests produce information for characterizing the shear strength, stress-strain properties and behaviour under repeated loading. The gravel was sourced from stockpile at Malans Transport borrow pit at Maaitjies Kuil near Cape Town. Testing was conducted on the material both as granular material and stabilized with cement and foamed bitumen. Testing was done under various conditions of stress, moisture and compaction. The resilient modulus of the lateritic gravel was found to be affected by moisture and compaction apart from the stress condition. Well known models were used to characterize the stressdependent resilient modulus. A model for prediction of permanent deformation was developed which together with the resilient modulus model were applied to the design of a light pavement structure composed of lateritic gravel base.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Lateriete word wydverspreid gebruik in die trope as 'n padbou materiaal. Die materiaal word gebruik in ongebonde kroonlae, stutlae en oppervlaklae. Die meeste spesifikasies vir kroonlae vereis dat gegradeerde gebreekte klip of gestabiliseerde materiaal in die kroonlaag gebruik word. Die spesifikasies maak nie voorsiening vir lateriet en gruis wat natuurlik voorkom nie. Verskeie veldstudies in die verlede het duidelik getoon dat lateritiese materiaal met sukses gebruik kan word in die kroonlae van paaie wat ligte tot medium verkeer dra. Lateriete kan gebruik word sonder addidionele onkoste vir instandhouding en daar is merkbare kostebesparings wanneer plaveisels rehabiliteer word. Die verhouding tussen lateriet eienskappe, verkeerslas, omgewingsinvloede en plaveisel werkverrigting moet beter gedefinieer word deur verdere navorsing. In hierdie studie is omvattend gebruik gemaak van eenmalige en herhaalde belasting drie-assige toetse om die fundamentele gedrag van lateritiese materiaal te definieer. Hierdie toetse se resultate lewer inligting oor die skuifsterkte, spanning-vervorming eienskappe en gedrag onder herhaalde belasting. Die gruis wat gebruik is, is verkry vanaf 'n materiaalopslag by die leengroef van Malans Transport te Maaitjies Kuil naby Kaapstad. Die materiaal is getoets as granulêre materiaal en gestabiliseer met sement en skuim-bitumen. Die toetse is gedoen onder verskillende toestande van spanning, voginhoud en verdigting. Daar is bevind dat die veerkragtigheidmodulus van die lateritiese gruis nie net deur die aangewende spanning beïnvloed word nie, maar ook deur die voginhoud en verdigting van die materiaal. Welbekende modelle is gebruik om die spanningsafhanklike gedrag van die materiaal te karakteriseer. 'n Model is ook ontwikkel om die permanente vervorming van die materiaal te voorspel. Die twee modelle vir die veerkragtigheidsmodulus en permanente vervorming is gebruik om 'n ligte plaveiselstruktuur mee te ontwerp wat 'n lateritiese kroonlaag bevat.
Akinyemi, Segun Ajayi. "Optimisation of selective extraction techniques as a tool for geochemical mapping in the Southern Africa region." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3444_1260521237.
Full textThe complex nature and composition of regolith cover in Southern Africa is a major challenge to geochemical mapping for concealed mineralization. Some of the setbacks to successful geochemical exploration may be ascribed to the use of various partial extraction techniques,without a profound understanding of the regolith components and their composition. This investigation therefore focuses on the use of hydroxylamine partial extraction geochemistry for geochemical mapping in regolith over two contrasting environments viz
aeolian sand-calcrete regolith over Au mineralization at Amalia Blue Dot Mine in South Africa and lateritic regolith covering the Ni-Cu deposit at Kabanga Main and Luhuma in Tanzania. Regolith samples from the above areas were sieved and extracted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution and analyzed for multi-element by AAS and ICP-MS techniques. A stepwise optimization of the hydroxylamine extraction technique of samples from both areas was carried out and incorporated into the analytical programme (in a pilot study). Results of hydroxylamine partial extraction generally gave better anomaly contrast and reflection of bedrock mineralization than the conventional aqua regia techniques that were previously used in the region. The results however show that lateritic regolith may be best extracted using 0.25M hydroxylamine while 0.1M concentration appears most suitable for extraction of aeolian-calcrete regolith. The above results are corroborated by principal component analysis of the analytical data that show various element associations, e.g. with Fe-Mn oxides while others possibly belong to the loosely adsorbed or exchangeable group. The 
gochemical maps in the pilot study areas at Amalia, Kabanga and Luhuma show elevated element contents or clusters of anomalies of diverse elements associated with Fe-Mn oxides. Geochemical mapping at Kabanga with deeply concealed mineralization however shows variability of subdued element patterns over mineralized areas. Geochemical signatures associated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride partial leach are therefore characterized by a lower geochemical background than that using conventional aqua regia leach. This study leads recommending for further investigations into partial extraction of the exchangeable group of elements, possibly using ammonium acetate.
Oyelami, Charles Adebayo. "Suitability of Lateritic Soils as Construction Material in Sustainable Housing Development in Africa : a Geological Perspective." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63285.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Geology
PhD
Unrestricted
Montella, Isotta. "I compositi fibrorinforzati a matrice inorganica (FRCM) per le murature storiche: studio dell’adesione su diversi substrati laterizi e lapidei." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textYusran, Fadly Hairannoor. "Soil organic matter decomposition : effects of organic matter addition on phosphorus dynamics in lateritic soils." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0120.
Full textSilva, Maria Luiza Melchert de Carvalho e. "Cristaloquímica dos minerais do lateritico de niquel: o exemplo do vermelho, Serra dos Carajas (PA)." Universidade de São Paulo, 1994. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44134/tde-18112015-105504/.
Full textWeathering of two ultramafic bodies (V1 and V2) of the Vermelho sector of the Serra dos Carajás (PA) led to the formation of lateritic nickel deposit with mean Ni contents of about 1.2% and 1.8%, according to reserves calculations by Rio Doce Geologia e Mineração S/A- DOCEGEO. Two ore types were defined for this sector: the silicate ore, richer in Ni, is mainly composed of serpentine accompanied by chlorite, smectite, opaque minerals and a lower quartz content; and the oxide ore in which goethite is the main mineral, but in which smectite, chlorite, quartz and opaque minerals are also found. On the other hand, as is common in this type of situation, the nickel concentrations are not due to the presence of newly-formed nickel minerals, but to its presence in one or other of the major minerals of the ore. In this study, samples from DOCEGEO prospection pits opened in the V1 and V2 bodies were subjected to detailed study, including initial petrographic examinations followed by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, electron microprobe and Fourier transform infrared and Mossbauer spectrometry studies. The chemical and mineralogical compositions allow the samples to be classified in three types: fresh to partially altered rock, silicate ore and oxide ore. In fresh rock, mean Ni concentrations are around 0.3% NiO, and Ni is present in serpentite, chlorite and phlogopite, in which the concentrations are of roughly the same order. In the silicate ore, Ni is equally distributed between serpentine - the most abundant mineral - and chlorite, and occurs in lesser quantity in amorphous products and goethite, which being to appear in this ore type. The hypogene silicates become enriched in Ni by incorporation of Ni liberated during the mineral transformations which occur in the upper levels of the alteration profiles. These silicates contain 2-3% NiO, while other phases present contain about 1.5% NiO. In the oxide ore, serpentine dissappears and Ni becomes associated with goethite and chlorite. Where quartz lenses are found, smectites and poorly crystallized talc also contain Ni. Chlorites of the oxide ore contain up to 15% NiO, which substitutes Mg in the brucite layer. Nevertheless, even though its Ni content is much less (1.5% NiO), the most important Ni-bearing phase is goethite, the most abundant mineral. Diadochic substitution of Fe by Ni seems to occur. The presence of smectites with ~ 9% NiO and nikelliferous talc is responsible for anomalous ore grades of about 5% NiO. In nortronites, Ni occurs in the octahedral layer in domains which alternate the ferriferous domains. The Ni-rich smectites and chlorites play an important role in determining ore grades. In the V2 body in which chlorite is more abundant, the oxide ore is richer than in V1. The mean grade (1.2% NiO) of oxide ore is less than the concentrations in Nibearing phases as a result of the dilution effect caused by opaque minerals and silicified microbodies in the goethite plasma mass, which do not contain Ni. The most interesting point about the Vermelho Ni deposits, compared to other deposits of similar type, resides in the presence of a Ni -bering mineral - the nickeliferous chlorite - other than goethite in the oxide ore.
JUNIOR, FRANCISCO DE ASSIS COSTA. "STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF INFILTRATION OF CAUSTIC SODA ON THE STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF A LATERITIC SOIL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2001. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2064@1.
Full textEste trabalho apresenta um estudo do comportamento mecânico, em especial nas características de resistência, de um solo laterítico submetido à contaminação de licores cáusticos a diferentes concentrações. O programa experimental envolveu ensaios de caracterização, ensaios químicos, difração de raios-X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e ensaios triaxiais com diferentes valores de concentrações cáusticas. Propriedades mecânicas foram determinadas mediante a execução de ensaios triaxiais CID a diferentes concentrações cáusticas, assim como as interações físico- químicas que foram determinadas mediante ensaios químicos de pH, capacidade de troca catiônica e ataque sulfúrico. Os resultados do programa experimental demonstraram uma acentuada variação de volume do solo, a qual está ligada à presença dos licores cáusticos e, por outro lado, também indicaram que os parâmetros de resistência ao cisalhamento do solo são pouco afetados pelos licores cáusticos.
This work presents the results of a laboratory study on the effects of infiltration of a caustic liqueur on the stress- strain- strength behavior of a sandy lateritic soil. The experimental program consisted of general characterization,chemicals tests, X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopy and triaxial tests using the caustic liqueur at different concentrations.Mechanic and hydraulic properties were obtained performing triaxial CID tests with different caustic concentrations. Physical- chemical interactions were evaluated through of determination of pH, cation exchange capacity and sulfuric attack tests. The results obtained showed that soil suffers large volume changes under percolation of the liqueur, with these changes being a function of the caustic concentration, on the other hand, the shear strength parameters are little affected by the liqueur.
Bussei, Roberto. "Gli idrorepellenti per la protezione delle superfici dell'architettura storica: prestazioni, implicazioni per il risparmio energetico e controlli." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Find full textMONCADA, MONICA PRISCILLA HERNANDEZ. "LABORATORY EVALUATION OF COLLAPSE AND SOLUTE TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS OF A LATERITIC SOIL UNDER INFILTRATION OF A CAUSTIC LIQUEUR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5129@1.
Full textNeste trabalho se analisam as características de colapso de um solo laterítico submetido à percolação de um licor cáustico a diferentes concentrações. O solo é uma areia quartzosa com uma pequena fração de finos cauliníticos. O licor é um efluente industrial, resultante da produção de alumínio, a base de soda cáustica. Mediante o presente estudo, determinou-se o efeito da infiltração do licor cáustico sobre três aspetos: colapsividade, transporte de solutos e características de sucção. Isto foi feito através de um programa experimental que incluiu ensaios de caracterização física-química do solo e do licor, ensaios edométricos, em edômetros especiais, para avaliar as características de colapso e de transporte de solutos, e ensaios de sucção pelo método do papel filtro. Os resultados do programa experimental mostraram que o solo é colapsível em presença de água, sendo sua colapsividade aumentada em presença do licor cáustico. Também indicaram que os parâmetros de transporte e sucção são fortemente afetados pela percolação do licor. A mudança destes parâmetros é função da concentração do licor.
In this work, characteristics of collapse of a laterítico soil submitted to percolation of a caustic liqueur to different concentrations are analysed. The soil comprises a quartzitic sand with a small fraction of kaolinitic clay. The liqueur is a caustic fluid, from an aluminium industry. In the present study, effects of the caustic liqueur infiltration were observed considering three aspects: collapse, solute transport and soil suction characteristics. This was done through an experimental program that included physical and chemical characterization of the soil and liqueur, special oedometer tests to evaluate simultaneously collapse characteristics and solute transport, and suction tests using the filter paper method. The results of the experimental program showed that the soil suffers volume change in presence of water, and its colapsivity is increased in presence of the caustic liqueur. They also indicated that the transport and suction parameters are affected strongly by the percolation of the liqueur.
Bernucci, Liedi Légi Bariani. "Considerações sobre o dimensionamento de pavimentos utilizando solos lateríticos para rodovias de baixo volume de trafego." Universidade de São Paulo, 1995. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-07042017-101955/.
Full textThis thesis proposes to study several aspects of the design of low-cost pavements structurally consisting of lateritic soils. These pavement are utilized for low-volume roads; although used on a daily basis by a small number of vehicles, they might also be requested by heavy trucks typical for agricultural and industrial areas. Thin-layered pavements of lateritic soils have been successfully used in low-volume roads in the State of São Paulo, is spite of the fact that these soils do not conform to traditional specifications and that such structures are not in accordance to current design requirements. Several factors relevant to the pavement design have been analyzed: traffic composition on such roads; climatic conditions of the state of São Paulo, responsible for equilibrium moisture contents lower than those at which the soils were originally compacted; and the geotechnical properties of lateritic soils. Emphasis is given to soil characteristic useful to field and laboratory identification and necessary to ensure good performance of the pavement. The importance of the cohesion of lateritic soils, responsible for the stability and good performance of pavement bases, is demonstrated by means of resilient moduli test results. Finally, the structure of low-cost pavements has been verified within the framework of the AASHTO-1986 pavement design method, The results support the use of thin-layered pavement structures, widely adopted in the State of São Paulo.
Santos, Eliana Fernandes dos. "Estudo comparativo de diferentes sistemas de classificações geotécnicas aplicadas aos solos tropicais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-29052007-163758/.
Full textThis work presents a comparative study of different tropical soils geotechnical classification systems. Classification/identification tests of tablet method as proposed by Nogami and Villibor (1994b) and Godoy and Bernucci (2002) and methylene blue adsorption tests (Fabbri, 1994) were done for 38 soil samples of São Paulo state countryside, in Brazil. Futhermone, hydraulic conductivity tests were performed in intent of search relations between this variable and the soil behavior (lateritic/non lateritic), and its physical characteristics. Suctions results (Takeda, 2005) on optimum water content, also were analyzed . Initially XRD and SEM test\'s results, and MCT classification\'s results, obtained from Takeda (2005), were analyzed, where a coincidence between soil genesis and its behavior (lateritic/non lateritic) was observed. At this point, the methylene blue adsorption test and tablet method\'s results were compared with the ones obtained from MCT classification. At this time, tablet method as proposed by Nogami and Villibor (1994b) and MCT classification presented a 81.6% of agreement rate. Methylene blue adsorption showed a agreement rate of 92.1% with the MCT classification. The tablet method proposed by Godoy and Bernucci (2002) seemed to need some revision. The hydraulic conductivity values didn\'t show any clear relationship with the soil\'s lateritic/non lateritic behavior. A relation between the hydraulic conductivity and the physical characteristics wasn\'t observed, when these last ones was correlated, one by one, with the hydraulic conductivity. The suction values showed that the most clay content leads to higher suctions values. Lateritic soils with the same clay content showed lower suctions values then non lateritic soils with the same clay content.
Sorbelli, Sara. "La digitalizzazione dei prodotti ceramici: un protocollo di acquisizione e rappresentazione dei dati." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textEvans, Jon Michael. "Gold exploration in tropically weathered terrains : the formation, evolution and geochemistry of lateritic profiles in Liberia and Guinea, West Africa." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395879.
Full textBisi, Serena. "Ipotesi di miglioramento e rifunzionalizzazione dell'ex Collegio dei Gesuiti di Mirandola." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textPerez, Isadora Dias. "Recuperação de cobre de uma solução sintática baseada no licor de lixiviação atmosférica do minério limonítico de níquel por troca iônica utilizando a resina quelante Dowex." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-04052018-142357/.
Full textConsidering the various applications of copper, it is believed that the demand for copper will increase in the coming years and, consequently, its price. Hence, the mining companies face the challenge of improving the productive processes to supply their future demand. Copper fractions can be found in liquor leaching nickel limonite ore and ion exchange with solid adsorbent is one of the available technologies which promote its recovery and reuse. The present work was aimed at studying the adsorption process of copper ions present in a synthetic liquor based on the atmospheric leaching liquor of the nickel limonite ore through an ion exchange resin system using Dowex XUS43605 chelating resin. The feasibility of the chosen technique was analyzed in relation to the influence of parameters by means of batch and fixed bed tests using a synthetic solution. The contact time, pH, amount of resin and temperature were evaluated. Dowex XUS43605 chelating resin showed to be more selective for copper at pH 1.5, and this pH was defined as the working pH. It has been found that 1g is a sufficient dosage to recover copper from the solution on a laboratory scale considering 50mL of synthetic solution. The increase in temperature did not change the adsorption of the copper by the resin, and it was determined that the working temperature is between 25-35°C. The Langmuir adsorption isotherms model showed a better fit between resin and copper than the Freundlich and Temkin models. The pseudosecond-order describes the sorption process and it indicates that the rate-limiting step is chemisorption. The fixed bed column tests allowed the production of a solution with reduced concentration of Cu2+ in 93% the loading step. By the elution step with 1mol/L of sulfuric acid (H2SO4), a solution 10 times more concentrated in Cu2+ was obtained in relation to the synthetic solution. The solution from the elution step followed to the precipitation tests, which allowed the separation of copper from the metal ions by the action of the precipitating agent CaCO3 and the generation of a precipitate composed of three phases: brochantite [Cu4SO4(OH)6], posnjatike [CuSO4(OH)6.H2O] and gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O).
Kublik, Cristiane. "ENSAIOS DE PLACAS EM SOLO LATERÍTICO NA CIDADE DE SANTO ÂNGELO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7758.
Full textEsta dissertação apresenta um estudo do comportamento de um perfil de solo típico da cidade de Santo Ângelo, submetido a ensaios de placa, cujo principal objetivo é verificar o comportamento do solo natural, inundado, compactado e com adição de cimento visando a sua aplicação em fundações superficiais. As provas de carga foram realizadas numa área ao lado do prédio dos laboratórios do Curso de Engenharia Civil da Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai das Missões (URI), na cidade de Santo Ângelo. Os ensaios de caracterização e geotécnicos foram realizados em amostradas deformadas e indeformadas, coletadas em trincheira e cavas durante os ensaios de placa. Pedologicamente o solo é constituído por um espesso horizonte superficial (horizonte A e B), classificado como Latossolo. Texturalmente esse solos foram classificados como argilas siltosas e argilas siltoarenosas, porosas e não saturadas. Em termos de resistência, eles apresentam uma coesão de 10 kPa e um ângulo de atrito de 32º. Esses valores são reduzidos tanto quanto inundados, principalmente em relação à coesão. A inundação, além de reduzir os parâmetros de resistência, ocasiona um colapso que foi avaliado por meio dos ensaios de cisalhamento direto e ensaios de compressão confinada duplos. Os valores de colapso medidos situaram-se entre 1% e 3%. O efeito da inundação verificou-se também nos ensaios de compressão confinada, com a redução da tensão de pré-adensamento e o aumento da compressibilidade. Nos ensaios de placa, verificou-se a influência da inundação na deformabilidade e resistência desses solos. A inundação aumentou a deformabilidade e diminuiu a resistência, mas verificou-se que uma chuva natural, anterior ao ensaio, no solo natural, foi muito mais efetiva que um processo de inundação artificial. Nos ensaios realizados no solo compactado e solo-cimento, ocorreu uma diminuição da deformabilidade e aumento da resistência desses solos. Esse aumento de rigidez e resistência foi mais intenso no solo-cimento. Portanto, a utilização de técnicas de compactação e adição de cimento aumenta a capacidade de carga de solos para utilização em fundações superficiais.
Chassé, Mathieu. "Geochemical and crystal-chemical processes of scandium enrichment from the mantle to lateritic contexts - Contribution to the understanding of the processes of critical metals enrichment." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066282/document.
Full textThe supply of rare metals has become a great concern due to the combination of geopolitical uncertainties and increasing use in new high-technology materials. However, to secure supply, progress on the understanding of the resource is needed. Among rare metals, there is a growing potential demand for scandium (Sc), resulting from its use in high-performance alloys and solid oxide fuel cells. The current supply is not guaranteed but lateritic deposits are a promising target. Scandium could become a by-product of many nickel laterites, and even the main product of high-grade lateritic Sc ores in eastern Australia. To understand the origin of lateritic Sc enrichment, we investigated the geochemical and crystal-chemical processes forming one of these deposits (Syerston–Flemington, New South Wales). A meta-analysis of geochemical studies on mantle-derived rocks and minerals, which form the parent rocks of all known Sc-enriched laterites reveals that the most favourable lithotypes are cumulates of clinopyroxene or amphibole. It also shows a drastic change in the compatibility of Sc with increasing depth in the mantle, ranging from incompatible in the spinel facies to compatible in the garnet facies. This dichotomy is of great interest for tracing the depth of partial melting of extrusive rocks.Integrated X-ray diffraction, whole-rock and microscopic chemical analyses and X-ray absorption spectroscopy have been used to understand the processes that concentrate Sc during lateritisation. Scandium-rich lateritic profiles result from the dissolution of primary minerals containing slight but significant Sc enrichment, followed by successive trapping by smectite and iron oxides after dissolution of the clay phases. Scandium grades reflect the high capacity of goethite to adsorb this element. Along with mechanisms of dissolution–precipitation forming successive generations of goethite, it preserves Sc immobility while most other elements are leached, leading to high residual concentrations of Sc
Gomes, Ribamar de Jesus. "Estudo geotecnico de um solo superficial da cidade de Bragança Paulista - SP." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258204.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Estuda-se o comportamento geotécnico de um perfil de solo tropical típico da região de Bragança Paulista - SP. Esse perfil é classificado pela pedologia como um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo. Para atingir esse objetivo foram realizados ensaios de caracterização, ensaios triaxiais e ensaios edométricos no teor de umidade natural e saturado. Nos ensaios de caracterização constatou-se o comportamento laterítico do solo. Nos ensaios edométricos quando os corpos de prova foram inundados nas tensões normalmente adotadas em projetos de fundações de edificações de pequeno e médio porte, construções características da cidade, constatou -se indícios de expansibilidade e colapsibilidade, apontando para a necessidade de estudos mais aprofundados sobre esses fenômenos em outras localidades do município
Abstract: The survey has the objective to investigate the geotechnical behavior of a typical soil profile at Bragança Paulista city - São Paulo State - Brazil. This profile is classified by the pedology as Red Yellow Oxisoil. To achieve this aim were accomplished characterization geotechnical tests, triaxial tests and consolidation tests. In the characterization tests was proved the lateritic behavior of the soil. In the consolidation tests when the samples were saturated in the tensions normally stipulated in edifications foundations projects at small and medium conveyance the results had pointed colapsible and expansive soil existence at the referred city
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CRUZ, Gabryelle Keith Avelino. "Influência das propriedades morfológicas e dos métodos de seleção granulométrica nas propriedades mecânicas de misturas asfálticas." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2018. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1837.
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Capes
Os agregados são responsáveis por resistir a cerca de 80% dos esforços impostos ao pavimento, tornando a sua seleção adequada um importante fator para a produção de misturas asfálticas resistentes. A utilização de métodos de seleção granulométrica possibilita a identificação de uma mistura asfáltica capaz de resistir de maneira mais eficiente aos esforços impostos ao pavimento, bem como a possibilidade de utilização de agregados distintos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a influência das características morfológicas de agregados graníticos e lateríticos e dos métodos de seleção granulométrica na resistência de misturas asfálticas. Para avaliar as características dos agregados foram realizados ensaios de granulometria, massa específica e absorção, índice de forma, equivalente de areia, partículas alongadas e achatadas, partículas fraturadas, angularidade, durabilidade, adesividade e abrasão Los Angeles. As amostras também foram submetidas ao AIMS2 (Aggregate Image Measurement System - 2) para avaliar mais adequadamente as características de angularidade, textura e forma. Três métodos de seleção granulométrica: o do DNIT (Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transporte), o Bailey e o Francês foram utilizados para selecionar as misturas a serem avaliadas. O método de avaliação FAD (Faixa de Agregados Dominantes) foi utilizado para prever o comportamento das misturas frente às deformações permanentes. As misturas elaboradas tiveram sua resistência avaliada por meio das propriedades (escorrimento, estabilidade Marshall, Lottman modificado, resistência à tração, cântabro, módulo de resiliência, fadiga à tensão controlada, módulo dinâmico e flow number). Os resultados indicaram a importância da consideração de metodologias de caracterização dos agregados, para obtenção de medidas mais confiáveis e com menos influência do operador; do mesmo modo que revelou a importância da seleção granulométrica adequada. As análises permitiram concluir que a mistura utilizando agregado granítico selecionada pelo método DNIT foi a que apresentou melhor desempenho geral, enquanto que o método Francês possibilitou a obtenção de melhores respostas dentre as misturas utilizando agregados lateríticos. A avaliação das misturas mostrou que o agregado laterítico pode ser empregado em substituição a brita granítica convencional produzindo misturas com resistência adequada às exigências das normas vigentes.
The aggregates are responsible for resisting about 80% of the pavement stresses, making their adequate selection an important factor for the production of resistant asphalt mixtures. The granulometric selection methods aplication allows to identify an asphalt mixture capable of resisting the pavement stresses, as well as the possibility of using differentes aggregates. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of the lateritic aggregates morphological characteristics and the granulometric selection methods on the asphalt mixtures resistance. In order to evaluate the characteristics of the aggregates, were perfomed granulometry lab tests, specific mass and absorption, shape index, sand equivalent, elongated and flat particles, fractured particles, angularity, durability, adhesiveness and abrasion. These samples were also submitted to the AIMS2 (Aggregate Image Measurement System - 2) to better evaluate the angularity, texture and shape characteristics. Three granulometric selection methods: the DNIT (National Department of Transport Infrastructure), the Bailey, the French were used to select mixture to be evaluated. The DASR (Dominant Aggregates Siza Range) evaluation method was used to predict the behavior of the mixtures against permanent deformations. The elaborated mixtures had their resistance evaluated by means of the properties (sliding, Marshall stability, modified Lottman, tensile strength, weld, resilience modulus, controlled voltage fatigue, dynamic modulus and flow number). The results indicated the importance of considering the aggregates characterization methodologies to obtain more reliable measures and with less operator influence; in the same way that it revealed the importance of adequate granulometric selection. The analyzes allowed to conclude that the mixture using laterite aggregate selected by the French method was the one that presented better overall performance, while the DNIT method allowed to obtain better responses among the mixtures using granite aggregates. The evaluation of the mixtures revealed that the lateritic aggregate can be used instead of conventional granite to produce mixtures with resistance to the requirements of current standards.
Bassi, Mattia. "Studio sperimentale su un innovativo trattamento biopolimerico antisale contro il degrado dei materiali nell'architettura antica." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textStewart, Alison. "The use of GIS and remote sensing to identify and prioritise anomalies for gold from a regional exploration dataset located within the weathered lateritic environment of Mali, West Africa." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30390.
Full textJunior, Paulo Roberto Reschetti. "Avaliação do comportamento mecânico de um solo arenoso fino laterítico reforçado com fibras para uso em pavimentação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18143/tde-23042009-152038/.
Full textThe propose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the randomly distributed fiber reinforcement in the compression and tension resistances, deformability and resilient modulus of a fine sandy lateritic soil (FSLS) for base layer of pavements. Glass fibers and polypropylene fibers were studied. The first was added in contents of 0,5%, 1,0% and 1,5% with lengths of 13 mm and 24 mm. For the second, the contents of 0,2%, 0,4% and 0,6% were used with lengths of 12 mm and 30 mm. The compaction tests show slight variation of optimum moisture content and a decrease of the maximum dry unit weight for both fibers. Unconfined compression tests, brazilian tension tests and cyclic triaxial compression tests were carried out to determine the mechanic behavior of the soil and composite materials. The samples were dried in ambient condition for 24 hours and than wrapped up in film paper and stored for 48 hours in humid camera to homogenize the humidity. This procedure was adopted intending to simulate the constructive process adopted in pavement with lateritic soil bases. With some mixtures, complementary tests in the optimum moisture content were carried out. For the unconfined compression tests, the reinforcement with polypropylene fiber did not influence in the rupture tension, increased the rupture deformation and decreased the initial and maximum tangent modulus. The glass fiber reduced the rupture tension, increased the rupture deformation and decreased the initial and maximum tangent modulus. In the diametrical compression tests, there was not any alteration for the resistance adding the glass fiber, while for the polypropylene fiber there was an increase of the resistance for highest fiber contents. Four models were used to represent the resilient modulus behavior with relationship to the tensions state, and, between those, the compost model had the best performance. A simulation of a pavement composed with FSLS bases show that adding fibers, in any condition, the resilient modulus decrease. Finally, concluded that, with the conditions and materials used I this research, the fiber reinforcement would not be indicated for a FSLS apply in a base layer of pavement.
Klinsky, Luis Miguel Gutiérrez. "Proposta de reaproveitamento de areia de fundição em sub-bases e bases de pavimentos flexíveis, através de sua incorporação a solos argilosos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18143/tde-07082008-162426/.
Full textOne of the biggest problems of the foundry industry is the solid residues production, constituted basically by sands. The use of additives and binders in the foundry process reduces the reuse of the sand and the remainder is discarded in industrial landfills or stockpiled on site, although the good quality of the sand as aggregate for manufactured products such as Portland cement, asphalts and geotechnical applications such as road bases, structural fills, embankments and manufactured soils. The foundry production, in year 2007, in Brazil, exceeded three millions tons, and it is had that for each ton of produced metal, a ton of foundry residue results approximately. The long term sustainability, economics and reuse practices suggest that alternative use practices must be done for the foundry sand and the roadways construction supply such opportunities. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the reuse of foundry sand as a construction material for road bases and sub-bases, trough its incorporation to clay lateritic soils from Sertaozinho, Sao Paulo state region. This region has a highly production of foundry metals and residues, and does not have natural sandy soils deposits for the construction of highways and urban roads. The technique used in this study was de soil assembly; foundry sand and virgin sand were mixed with two clay lateritic soils in different proportions. Tests were made in the soil-sand mixes to evaluate the sand addition influence in the mechanic soil behaviour, which are: liquid limit and plastic limit, granulometry, mini-MCV, immersion lost mass, mini-CBR at the intermediate energy, expansion, contraction, CBR at the intermediate energy, infiltrability, permeability and dynamic triaxial. Also, environment tests - leaching and solubility - were made to establish the hazard of the foundry sand. The results show that lateritic clay soils with 60% of foundry sand added has adequate mechanical properties to be used as base and sub-base material for low traffic pavements, according to the DER-SP(1991) specifications and the DNIT Manual Pavement (2006). The environment tests indicate that the foundry sand residue, used in this work, has promising use in road bases and sub-bases.
Ribeiro, Madalena Maria Pereira. "Contribuição ao estudo da deformação permanente dos solos de subleito." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18143/tde-06092013-110219/.
Full textThis research presents a contribution to understanding the effect of the variation of the state of stress and water content in the evolution of the permanent deformation of subgrade soils. A lateritic sandy soil from the region of Dois Córregos, State of São Paulo, Brazil, was used throughout the characterization and triaxial repeated loads tests (resilient module and permanent deformation tests). Additionally, it was analyzed the effect of the accumulation of permanent deformation in the values of resilient module from tests performed before and after the permanent deformation tests, as well as it was verified the occurrence of Shakedown. It was concluded that an increase of stress causes an increase in permanent deformation, but it was not possible to evaluate the effect of the variation of moisture content in permanent deformation. It was also observed the occurrence of Shakedown, but it was not possible to set its limit. Furthermore, it was not possible to fit the permanent deformation testing data in the model of Monismith, being proposed, by means of multiple regression, a model for the assessment of permanent deformation considering the variables moisture content, number of load applications and state of stress.
Freitas, Milena Cardoso de. "Avaliação de técnica de melhoria de solos colapsíveis por meio de colunas de solo laterítico compactado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-28112016-095823/.
Full textThe use of shallow foundation is limited on collapsible soils due to the collapse effect pronounced in superficial layers. Considering this scenario, this research presents a new soil reinforcement technique in order to reduce the settlement of foundations due to the collapse. The proposed technique involves the execution of compacted lateritic soil columns inserted into the collapsible soil. The compaction of these columns causes the densification of the surrounding soil and consequently reduces compressibility of the reinforced soil mass. In this work, it was also evaluated the effect of the hummer geometry on the radial compaction of the soil around the column. For this evaluation, laboratory tests were conducted using two different geometries of hammer, one conical and other cylindrical (traditionally used in foundation engineering). The results showed that the conical geometry provided greater lateral compaction of the soil around the column compared to the cylindrical geometry. The efficacy of the compacted lateritic soil columns was evaluated by the results of plate load tests performed on the collapsible soil of the Experimental Field of the University of São Paulo in São Carlos city. The tests were carried out on a plate installed in the ground with and without reinforcement. The gain on bearing capacity and settlement reductions due to the reinforcement were verified by using these tests results. The tests were performed in natural and in flooded condition to verify the efficiency of the soil reinforcement in the flooding situation. Based on the results of the plate load tests, it was verified the efficacy of the method to reduce the effect of collapse. The load-displacement curves of the load tests showed that the solution evaluated provided an increase of 400% on the ultimate capacity of the plate installed on the collapsible soil tested in this investigation.
Rizzo, Rodrigo Pelho [UNESP]. "Avaliação da eficácia de barreiras de proteção ambiental produzidas com solo arenoso estabilizado quimicamente." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90738.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
As barreiras de proteção ambiental são os dispositivos mais usados na atualidade para reduzir riscos associados à infiltração de fluidos nocivos no subsolo. O presente trabalho dedicou-se ao estudo, em laboratório, de misturas de solo arenoso fino laterítico com cal e cimento para a produção de barreiras desta natureza. Para tanto, foram compactadas misturas a fim de produzir corpos de prova submetidos a ensaios, visando à avaliação da condutividade hidráulica e da capacidade de retenção de soluções de origem orgânica (chorume e água residuária) e inorgânica (soluções contendo os íons K+, Na+ e Cl-) destas misturas. A condutividade hidráulica foi avaliada com ensaios de permeabilidade em duas condições: à carga variável (corpos de prova de 10cm de diâmetro e 12cm de altura) e em área plena (corpos de prova miniatura – 5cm de altura e diâmetro). Para avaliação da capacidade de retenção foram considerados dois tipos de ensaios: em colunas (25cm de altura e 7cm de diâmetro) e em corpos miniatura (5cm de altura e diâmetro). Os resultados obtidos mostram que os materiais produzidos em tais condições atendem aos requisitos técnicos para seu uso como barreiras de proteção ambiental. Os valores de condutividade hidráulica obtidos foram menores que os exigidos e os processos de retenção observados mostraram resultados muito bons para os fluidos de origem orgânica e resultados bastante promissores para as soluções inorgânicas.
Natural liners are the most useful environmental protection systems in order to reduce soil and ground water pollution risks. In this work we made laboratory tests to evaluate hydraulic conductivity and ions retention capability in mixtures produced with soil-cement and soil-lime. Mixtures were compacted, resulting specimens for laboratory tests of hydraulic conductivity and retention capability with organic (leachate and wastewater) and inorganic (solutions with K+, Na+ e Cl-) solutions. For hydraulic conductivity evaluation was used two kinds of tests: variable charge (specimens with 10cm of diameter and 12cm high) and total section test (specimens with 5cm of diameter and high). For retention capability we used also two kinds of tests: column test (specimens with 7cm of diameter and 25cm high) and total section test (specimens with 5cm of diameter and high). Obtained results show that the produced materials obey technical necessities for barriers usage. Hydraulic conductivity obtained show values lesser than the necessary, while capability retention results show good results also for organic and inorganic solutions.
Mano, Eliana Satiko. "Influência dos argilominerais dos minérios de níquel lateríticos na recuperação deste metal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-19092014-115706/.
Full textThe nickel lateritic ore from Niquelândia Goiás - is one of the most important and well known Ni lateritic deposits in Brazil. High nickel contents, the deposit dimension and also, their associations with clay minerals are the main reasons for researchers, such as Trescases and Santos, to have studied it in the 1970s. The Cuban and Australian deposits have nickel associated to oxidized ores and serpentine, respectively, but at Niquelandia, nickel is specially associated to smectites and vermiculites. The Caron Process is not the most suitable for treating Ni-bearing clay minerals, as those present in Niquelândia. Consequently, there are many losses related to silicated ore. The reduction temperature used in the Caron process in the reduction step can form minerals, such as pyroxene, amphibole and olivine. These minerals trap Ni inside their structure; hence, the ammoniacal solution can not access this element and solubilize it. The main Ni-bearing clay mineral observed in Niquelândia is smectite. Actually, the silicated ore is composed by a mixture of smectites. One of them is a Ni-trioctahedral one, which is not affected by ammoniacal leaching; however, it has a significant amount of nickel. On the other hand, a dioctahedral Fe-rich smectite, has high Ni recoveries, but its nickel content is lower. Samples composed by a mixture of di and trioctahedrals smectites - Fe-Mg-Ni montmorillonite/stevensite are the most common. Considering all these factors, the losses related to Ni-recoveries can be avoided by a better feed control. The ideal feed should be an oxidized ore + silicate ore composed by dioctahedrals smectites. The Ni trioctahedral smectite should be avoided.
Ndiaye, Massamba. "Contribution à l'étude de sols latéritiques du Sénégal et du Brésil." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00977354.
Full textZanon, Thiago Villas Bôas. "Avaliação da contaminação de um solo laterítico por lixiviado de aterro sanitário através de ensaios de laboratório e de retroanálise de campo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3145/tde-21102014-113317/.
Full textThe aim of this research is to evaluate transport of pollutants from a sanitary landfill leachate through a Brazilian lateritic soil by two methods: laboratory tests and analysis of field contamination. In Botucatu Sanitary Landfill, leachate stored in an unlined pond infiltrated into the subsoil for 15 years. Samples of the subjacent soil, a porous clayey sand, were collected in three profiles located inside the area of the leachate pond at the following depths: surface, 0.25 m, 0.50 m, 1.00 m, 2.00 m and 4.00 m. The investigated pollutants were arsenic, cadmium, chloride, cooper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, Kjeldahl nitrogen, total organic carbon (TOC) and zinc. The hydraulic conductivity measured in undisturbed and uncontaminated samples of the local soil, around 10-6 m/s, is significantly influenced by the applied hydraulic gradient and the percolation duration. When leachate substituted water as percolation fluid, the hydraulic conductivity decreased to values between 10-8 and 10-6 m/s depending on the hydraulic gradient. Chemical analysis of contaminated samples showed that concentrations of the researched elements in the subsoil were lower than legal maximum contamination limits established by the environmental agency of São Paulo state, in spite of the fact that the local soil is porous and has high hydraulic conductivity. On the other hand, chloride and Kjeldahl nitrogen, pollutants for which there are no legal limits, were found in concentrations much higher than background values, and in some samples even higher than those measured in the leachate sludge deposited in the bottom of the storage pond.
Júnior, Walter Sidronio da Silva. "Estudo para a utilização de resíduo da fabricação de papel na construção rodoviária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18143/tde-14092010-102353/.
Full textThe paper and pulp industry represent one of the most expressive industrial sector around the world, being of great importance to the world economy. In South America, because of the wide forest resources, Brazil and Chile are the largest pulp-producing. Brazil produces around 6 million tons of pulp per year, among which 98% of the pulp are produced by the bleaching process, according to research from Unicamp (2004). The paper production has undergone changes through the years, which enabled the improvement of the quality and speed of production. It made that this industrial sector has an increase of productive capacity and of waste\'s volume produced for the paper and pulp industry. The high consumption of paper and its productions ways increase the contingent of human most harmful activities o the planet. To produce 1 ton of paper are necessary from 2 to 3 tons of wood, a lot of water (more than any other industrial activity) and a lot of energy (it is in the fifth place in the list of industries that consume more energy). The main goal of this paper is present results of assessment, in laboratory, of physical and mechanical properties of mixtures of soil, lime and residue from the manufacture of paper, for their use in road construction. The compaction tests were made in the equivalent energy to the normal Proctor and the mechanical behavior of the mixtures was evaluated on the strength of the results of tests for unconfined compressive strength, diametrical compression and cyclic loading triaxial. For these tests have been chosen the levels of 0 and 40% of waste and the levels 0,5 and 10% of lime. It was evaluated also the stiffness of the material by the initial tangent modulus (Eo) and resilient modulus (Mr). The samples were tested without immersion and after immersion in water for 4 hours, after 7 days of cure in a moist chamber. Subsequently, it was analyzed the influence of curing time for 0, 2, 7, 28 and 84 days of stay in a moist chamber. To determine the dangerousness of the residue were performed environmental testing of leaching and solubility. The results showed that the addition of waste and the influence of water acted as reducing agents of mechanical properties. However mixtures of soil-lime and soil-residue-lime meet the technical specifications of the State of the art 5 - Lime stabilization (TRB, 1987), providing a feasible solution to the use of such mixtures in road construction. Observed also that increasing the curing time and content of lime led to increasing values of strength and stiffness. The environmental testing conducted in the soil residue from the manufacture of paper and the mixture soil-residue-lime were essential for obtaining parameters for monitoring the imbalance that may arise in the environment resulting from the application of this waste in layers of base and sub base\'s pavements.
Luz, Marta Pereira da. "Análise dos resultados do ensaio CBR realizado em condições variadas de umidade pós-compactação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-13052016-160533/.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the variation influence of the moisture content on the value of the CBR support index of a granulometrically stabilized crushed stone and six soils. The soils studied were divided into three pairs with similar particle size distribution curves and same HRB and USCS classification. Each pair is formed by a soil of lateritic and non-lateritic behaviors. The specimens were moulded in the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density obtained from the results of the standard Proctor tests. The materials were analysed under four moisture conditions: without immersion, after reaching half of the stabilization moisture, and after four and eight days of immersion. The internal moisture distribution of the specimens was observed for each situation. The internal distribution moisture was observed for each situation. The influence of the aging of the loose and compacted materials was analysed for four days without immersion in the test results of CBR. According to the results it was possible to correlate the influence of both granulometry and genesis of the materials on test results of CBR support index in the diverse moisture conditions evaluated.
Rizzo, Rodrigo Pelho. "Avaliação da eficácia de barreiras de proteção ambiental produzidas com solo arenoso estabilizado quimicamente /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90738.
Full textBanca: Reinaldo Lorandi
Banca: Milton Dall'Aglio Sobrinho
Resumo: As barreiras de proteção ambiental são os dispositivos mais usados na atualidade para reduzir riscos associados à infiltração de fluidos nocivos no subsolo. O presente trabalho dedicou-se ao estudo, em laboratório, de misturas de solo arenoso fino laterítico com cal e cimento para a produção de barreiras desta natureza. Para tanto, foram compactadas misturas a fim de produzir corpos de prova submetidos a ensaios, visando à avaliação da condutividade hidráulica e da capacidade de retenção de soluções de origem orgânica (chorume e água residuária) e inorgânica (soluções contendo os íons K+, Na+ e Cl-) destas misturas. A condutividade hidráulica foi avaliada com ensaios de permeabilidade em duas condições: à carga variável (corpos de prova de 10cm de diâmetro e 12cm de altura) e em área plena (corpos de prova miniatura - 5cm de altura e diâmetro). Para avaliação da capacidade de retenção foram considerados dois tipos de ensaios: em colunas (25cm de altura e 7cm de diâmetro) e em corpos miniatura (5cm de altura e diâmetro). Os resultados obtidos mostram que os materiais produzidos em tais condições atendem aos requisitos técnicos para seu uso como barreiras de proteção ambiental. Os valores de condutividade hidráulica obtidos foram menores que os exigidos e os processos de retenção observados mostraram resultados muito bons para os fluidos de origem orgânica e resultados bastante promissores para as soluções inorgânicas.
Abstract: Natural liners are the most useful environmental protection systems in order to reduce soil and ground water pollution risks. In this work we made laboratory tests to evaluate hydraulic conductivity and ions retention capability in mixtures produced with soil-cement and soil-lime. Mixtures were compacted, resulting specimens for laboratory tests of hydraulic conductivity and retention capability with organic (leachate and wastewater) and inorganic (solutions with K+, Na+ e Cl-) solutions. For hydraulic conductivity evaluation was used two kinds of tests: variable charge (specimens with 10cm of diameter and 12cm high) and total section test (specimens with 5cm of diameter and high). For retention capability we used also two kinds of tests: column test (specimens with 7cm of diameter and 25cm high) and total section test (specimens with 5cm of diameter and high). Obtained results show that the produced materials obey technical necessities for barriers usage. Hydraulic conductivity obtained show values lesser than the necessary, while capability retention results show good results also for organic and inorganic solutions.
Mestre
Santos, Roberto Aguiar dos. "Comportamento anisotrópico de um solo laterítico compactado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-22032016-104302/.
Full textCompacted embankments can have anisotropic behavior, depending on several factors, including the compaction water content. The aim of this study was to investigate some aspects regarding the inherent anisotropy of a lateritic soil, caused by the compaction process. After performing the geotechnical, mineralogical and microstructural characterization, properties of shear strength, hydraulic conductivity, compressibility and deformability were investigated. This soil this soil was classified as lateritic sand. The grainsize distribution curve indicates 12% the fine particle aggregation. The methodology developed in order to correct the increase in dry density of the lower layers, generated by the compression process, was effective. From the compaction curve, representative samples corresponding to the three compaction water content conditions, representing the dry side, the optimal water content and the wet side were considered. Specimens were trimmed parallel and orthogonally to the compaction layers. The porosimetry tests showed a bimodal behavior in the pore size distribution and also that the compaction water content did not influence the size of the micropores. For the compacted soil sample corresponding to the dry side and optimum water content, the shear strength corresponding to the orthogonal direction was higher than that corresponding to the parallel direction to the compaction layers. However, they were almost equal for both the orthogonal and the parallel directions to the compaction layers. This behavior is due to the higher capacity of the soil at a given moisture content, to absorb the energy applied and distribute it in parallel and orthogonal direction. The analysis the values of maximum shear modulus of the material showed that increasing compaction water content reduces the anisotropy degree. Among the investigated properties, the hydraulic conductivity anisotropy of the samples corresponding to the wet branch was the most pronounced, showing permeability eight times higher in the vertical direction than that in the horizontal direction. Finally, the discussions and analyzes presented in this study showed that the degree of anisotropy directly depends on the compaction water content and decreases with increase confining stress applied to the soil specimens.
Fall, Meïssa. "Identification et caractérisation mécanique de graveleux latéritiques du Sénégal : application au domaine routier." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL119N.
Full textFranco, Kar?sia Larice Bezerra. "Caracteriza??o do comportamento geot?cnico de mistura de res?duo de pneus e solo later?tico." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15988.
Full textA technological alternative for the correct disposal of tires is the use in the construction of embankment with soil and shredded tires. The use of waste tires in tropical soils requires prior knowledge of the properties and limitations of these materials. In this work, the results of an experimental program was devised to characterize the behavior of mixtures of waste tires and a lateritic soil. The residue used in this study is classified as tire buffings with an average size of 1.4 mm. The laboratory program included testing of particle size analysis, Atterberg limits, compaction, direct shear tests, permeability and confined compression tests with pure soil, pure tire and the mixtures. Proportions of 0% (pure soil), 10%, 20%, 40%, 50 % and 100% (pure tire) by weight were used. For the confining stress levels used in the study, the presence of tire residue provided a considerable increase in shear strength of the mixture. The maximum shear strength was obtained for a residue content of 40% by weight. Permeability tests on samples of waste under a confining stress of 100 kPa showed that the permeability increases significantly with increasing residue content until a residue content of 20%. The increase in permeability after that value showed to be negligible. Confined compression tests showed that the soil mixed with tire residue becomes more compressible than the pure soil. The secant constrained modulus (Msec) for the same vertical stress decreases with increasing percentage of residue.
Dentre as alternativas tecnol?gicas para a destina??o correta de pneus est? o uso na constru??o de aterros de misturas de solo e res?duo de pneus triturados. A utiliza??o de res?duo de pneus em solos tropicais requer o conhecimento pr?vio das propriedades e limita??es desses materiais. Nesta disserta??o, apresentam-se os resultados de um programa experimental para caracteriza??o de misturas de res?duo de pneus em um solo later?tico. O res?duo utilizado neste estudo ? classificado como desbastes de pneus, com tamanho m?dio de 1,4 mm. O programa laboratorial incluiu ensaios de an?lise granulom?trica, limites de consist?ncia, compacta??o, cisalhamento direto, permeabilidade e compress?o confinada com as misturas de solo res?duos de pneus. Foram utilizadas propor??es de 0% (solo puro), 10%, 20%, 40%, 50% e 100% (res?duo puro) em peso. Para os n?veis de tens?o confinantes utilizados no estudo, a presen?a do res?duo de pneu proporcionou um aumento consider?vel da resist?ncia ao cisalhamento da mistura. A m?xima resist?ncia ao cisalhamento foi obtida para um teor de res?duo de 40% em peso. Os ensaios de permeabilidade em amostras de res?duos sob uma tens?o confinante de 100 kPa revelaram que a permeabilidade cresce significativamente com o aumento do teor de res?duo at? um teor de 20%, estabilizando-se em seguida. Os ensaios de compress?o confinada evidenciaram que o solo misturado ao res?duo de pneus torna-se mais compress?vel que o solo puro. O estudo demonstra que o m?dulo de compress?o confinada secante (Msec) para uma mesma tens?o vertical diminui com o aumento da porcentagem de res?duo.
CARDOSO, Ricardo Alves. "Cadastro Geotécnico dos solos finos lateríticos para fins de pavimentação no município de Goiânia- GO." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/654.
Full textThis work aims at the register of geotechnical areas in Goiania-GO, showing the occurrence of fine lateritic soils with potential for use in flooring. The methodology is based on work developed by Nogami and Villibor (1995). From surveys and collecting 17 samples in field tests were conducted from MCT (Mini-MCV, Loss of mass by immersion, compression and Mini-CBR) and verified the mechanical and hydraulic properties of these soils. The samples were collected at sites previously chosen using as reference the pedological map of Goiania, trying to distribute them to all soil units of this map. The surveys were performed to a depth of 2 m in each hole the soils were mixed, representing what occurs in practice during the operation of a loan area. The samples collected for the study were those who had only fine soil grains with diameters of less than 2 mm (sieve nº. 10). Tests were also carried out conventional characterization (particle size, Atterberg limits and specific gravity) of the samples collected to better identify these soils. The results obtained with all samples have the intention to form a database for future research in the area of pavement. It was found that in Goiania most soils are lateritic clay and can be applied in the construction of paviments with low traffic volume.
Este trabalho tem por objetivo o cadastro geotécnico de áreas no Município de Goiânia-GO,que apresentem a ocorrência de solos finos lateríticos com potencialidade para serem utilizados em pavimentação. A metodologia utilizada se baseia no trabalho concebido por Nogami e Villibor (1995). A partir de sondagens e coletas de 17 amostras no campo foram realizados ensaios da Metodologia MCT (Mini-MCV, Perda de Massa por Imersão, Compactação e Mini-CBR) e verificadas as propriedades mecânicas e hidráulicas desses solos. As amostras foram coletadas em locais previamente escolhidos utilizando-se como referência o mapa pedológico de Goiânia, procurando distribuí-las em todas unidades de solos deste mapa. As sondagens foram executadas até a profundidade de 2 m e em cada furo os solos foram misturados, representando o que ocorre na prática durante a exploração de uma área de empréstimo. As amostras coletadas para o estudo foram somente aquelas constituídas por solos finos com diâmetros dos grãos inferiores a 2 mm (peneira nº 10). Também foram realizados ensaios convencionais de caracterização (granulometria, limites de consistência e peso específico) das amostras coletadas para melhor identificação desses solos. Os resultados obtidos de todas as amostras objetivaram formar um banco de dados para pesquisas futuras na área de pavimentação. Verificou-se que em Goiânia a maioria dos solos estudados são lateríticos argilosos e podem ser aplicados na construção de pavimentos com baixo volume de tráfego.