Academic literature on the topic 'Latex – Health aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Latex – Health aspects"
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Conso, F. "Occupational health aspects of latex allergy." Revue Française d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie Clinique 37, no. 8 (January 1997): 1211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0335-7457(97)80153-0.
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Reshetnikova, Irina, Raila Garipova, and Eduard Baibakov. "Latex Allergy in Health Professionals: Specific Aspects of Diagnostics." BioNanoScience 9, no. 3 (April 26, 2019): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12668-019-00634-y.
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Taylor, James S., and Yung-Hian Leow. "Cutaneous Reactions to Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 73, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 427–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547600.
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Abstract The three major adverse cutaneous reactions to rubber include natural rubber latex allergy, irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. An overview of relevant aspects of the types of natural and synthetic rubber, rubber production, and specific chemicals used in compounding and vulcanization, as well as latex proteins is essential to an understanding of these reactions. Natural rubber latex allergy is a type I, IgE mediated, immediate hypersensitivity reaction to one or more proteins present in natural rubber latex with clinical manifestations ranging from contact urticaria to allergic rhinitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis. Over the past decade, natural rubber latex allergy has become a major medical, occupational health, and medicolegal problem. Individuals at highest risk are patients with spina bifida and health care workers. Diagnosis is based largely on clinical history and examination, and serologic and intracutaneous testing. Irritant contact dermatitis is non-immunologic and is the most common cutaneous reaction to rubber. Cumulative exposure to low-grade irritants impairs the barrier function of the skin and allows penetration of potential irritants and allergens. Diagnosis is based on history of exposure to known irritants, cutaneous examination, and exclusion of allergy. Allergic contact dermatitis is a type IV cell mediated, delayed hypersensitivity reaction which occurs primarily from exposure to rubber chemicals either directly or from residual amounts present in rubber products. Most cases present with an eczematous dermatitis, but purpura, lichenoid dermatitis, and depigmentation occasionally occur. Diagnosis is made on the basis of history, examination, and epicutaneous patch testing with rubber chemicals and rubber products. Treatment is with allergen and irritant avoidance and substitution, environmental control, personal protective equipment and topical and systemic pharmacologic therapy. A unified approach is needed in the diagnosis and treatment of adverse cutaneous reactions to rubber and it is important to remember that some patients may have both contact dermatitis and natural latex allergy. Determining the bioavailability and elicitation threshold of rubber allergens may be helpful in reducing allergic reactions from consumer and industrial rubber products.
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Komiewicz, Denise M., Nantiya Chookaew, Maher El-Masri, Kim Mudd, and Mary Elizabeth Bollinger. "Conversion to Low-Protein, Powder-Free Surgical Gloves: Is it Worth the Cost?" AAOHN Journal 53, no. 9 (September 2005): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990505300904.
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This study was conducted to determine changes in overall costs associated with conversion to powder-free gloves including cost of workers' compensation cases for natural rubber latex (NRL)-related symptoms and health care workers' glove satisfaction. The study, a 2–year, longitudinal design with retrospective and prospective aspects, was developed to determine health care worker use of powder-free, low-protein NRL gloves, sensitization, cost, and glove satisfaction. Informed consent was obtained from 103 health care workers. Prior to glove conversion, nearly one-half (44%, 36 of 82) of the operating room staff reported symptoms related to NRL exposure. At the end of the 14–month data collection period, only 27% (22 of 82, McNemar test = .007) reported symptoms related to NRL exposure. Additionally, a cost savings of $10,000 per year for gloves was evident with reports of increased user satisfaction. This study demonstrated that conversion to the use of powder-free, low-protein NRL gloves not only reduces health care worker NRL symptoms, but also positively affects the costs of glove purchases and workers' compensation.
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da Silva Souza, Bruna, Ana Clara Silva Sales, Francisca Dayane Soares da Silva, Thalis Ferreira de Souza, Cleverson Diniz Teixeira de Freitas, Daniel Fernando Pereira Vasconcelos, and Jefferson Soares de Oliveira. "Latex Proteins from Plumeria pudica with Therapeutic Potential on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 19 (December 28, 2020): 2011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557520666200821121903.
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Liver disease is global health problem. Paracetamol (APAP) is used as an analgesic drug and is considered safe at therapeutic doses, but at higher doses, it causes acute liver injury. N-acetyl-p- Benzoquinone Imine (NAPQI) is a reactive toxic metabolite produced by biotransformation of APAP. NAPQI damages the liver by oxidative stress and the formation of protein adducts. The glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the only approved antidote against APAP hepatotoxicity, but it has limited hepatoprotective effects. The search for new drugs and novel therapeutic intervention strategies increasingly includes testing plant extracts and other natural products. Plumeria pudica (Jacq., 1760) is a plant that produces latex containing molecules with therapeutic potential. Proteins obtained from this latex (LPPp), a well-defined mixture of chitinases, proteinases proteinase inhibitors have shown anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antidiarrheal effects as well as a protective effect against ulcerative colitis. These studies have demonstrated that LPPp acts on parameters such as Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and TNF- α IL1-β levels. Since oxidative stress and inflammation have been reported to affect the initiation and progression of liver injury caused by APAP, it is suggested that LPPp can act on aspects related to paracetamol hepatoxicity. This article brings new insights into the potential of the laticifer proteins extracted from the latex of P. pudica and opens new perspectives for the treatment of this type of liver disease with LPPp.
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Dias, Luciana S., Jonatas C. Caldeira, Luiz G. S. R. Bauzer, and José B. P. Lima. "Assessment of Synthetic Membranes for Artificial Blood Feeding of Culicidae." Insects 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12010015.
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Potential pathogen transmission through hematophagy in Culicidae is a major public-health problem, and several studies have been performed to better understand this phenomenon. Research on these insects often requires the maintenance of colonies in the laboratory. Due to the hematophagic habits of these organisms, blood must be provided in order to guarantee the reproduction of individuals that constitute the colonies. Some species of mammals and birds are used as a direct blood source in many laboratories. Due to current bioethical parameters, the direct use of animals has been replaced by artificial blood feeding by using synthetic membranes to simulate animal skin. In this study, the efficiency of collagen and latex in the artificial feeding of mosquitoes of the Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus species was evaluated and compared with Parafilm®, a standard membrane that is frequently used for this purpose. Important aspects of the feeding and reproduction of these insects were considered. For both species, latex showed the poorest performance. Collagen membrane performed well in most parameters, but was not as efficient as Parafilm® for fecundity in Aedes aegypti, and for the percentage of engorged females in Culex quinquefasciatus. We concluded that, although collagen is more resistant and easier to handle, Parafilm® was the most efficient among the three evaluated membranes for the artificial blood feeding of mosquitoes.
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Senekane, Mpinane Flory, Agnes Makhene, and Suzan Oelofse. "Methodology to Investigate Indigenous Solid Waste Systems and Practices in the Rural Areas Surrounding Maseru (Kingdom of Lesotho)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 5355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105355.
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Solid waste management (SWM) is the greatest challenge facing environmental protection and human wellbeing in the rural communities of Maseru (Kingsom of Lesotho). A lack of formal waste management (WM) systems in rural areas of Maseru have resulted in different indigenous systems and practices of SWM. Direct observation and descriptive designs will be employed. This is a mixed methods study of qualitative, quantitative and, non-experimental. We obtained data sets from existing official census and statistics of Maseru. We sampled 693 participants from total population of 6917. We received ethical clearance from Research Ethics committee of Health Sciences at the University of Johannesburg, we recruited six field workers. We have preventive equipment (sanitizers, masks, and sterile latex gloves) for COVID-19 infections in place; we have specific design on caps, masks and bags that will identify field workers as they collect data. We will train field workers, administer questionnaires, interview, and observe participants. STATKON will analyse data. The research will share the results with the Ministry of Environment and the community in Lesotho. The results will also be used to educate the rural communities on improved WM. Where weaknesses are identified, mitigation measures can be evaluated and implemented to rectify the negative aspects and improve the systems and practices. The rural communities face challenges such as waste collection services and sanitation facilities and this fact points out that there is a gap in SWM, which favours the existence of indigenous systems and practice of SWM.
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Nanath, Krishnadas. "LifeSpring Hospitals: a social innovation in Indian healthcare." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111123362.
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Subject area Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP); social innovation and business modeling. Study level/applicability Undergraduate and graduate level management/business school students. It can be taught in marketing management and entrepreneurship/innovation courses. Case overview LifeSpring Hospitals Pvt. Ltd is an expanding chain of hospitals that provide high quality health care to lower-income women and children across Andhra Pradesh. It is a 50-50 equity partnership between Hindustan Latex Ltd and the Acumen Fund. LifeSpring has demonstrated exceptional management principles, some of them being the most innovative and attractive ones. The entire focus of LifeSpring is on one particular niche: maternal care. Some argue about its strategy of not adopting diversification, but LifeSpring has proved its point by actually turning out to be a profitable business. The strategy of focusing on one niche has led to reduction in cost in terms of specialized doctors and the range of equipment needed to serve. Adding to the strategic strength of LifeSpring, its operations (management) is perfectly aligned with the organization's vision and quality is achieved via highly standardized procedures for maternal care service. Expected learning outcomes This case will cover two important aspects of BOP and social innovation. MBA students will investigate an innovative business model and apply their analytical skills to analyse the sustainability of the model. Supplementary materials Teaching notes and exercise for class-based discussion.
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Panaccione, Daniel G., and Christine M. Coyle. "Abundant Respirable Ergot Alkaloids from the Common Airborne Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 6 (June 2005): 3106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.6.3106-3111.2005.
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ABSTRACT Ergot alkaloids are mycotoxins that interact with several monoamine receptors, negatively affecting cardiovascular, nervous, reproductive, and immune systems of exposed humans and animals. Aspergillus fumigatus, a common airborne fungus and opportunistic human pathogen, can produce ergot alkaloids in broth culture. The objectives of this study were to determine if A. fumigatus accumulates ergot alkaloids in a respirable form in or on its conidia, to quantify ergot alkaloids associated with conidia produced on several different substrates, and to measure relevant physical properties of the conidia. We found at least four ergot alkaloids, fumigaclavine C, festuclavine, fumigaclavine A, and fumigaclavine B (in order of abundance), associated with conidia of A. fumigatus. Under environmentally relevant conditions, the total mass of ergot alkaloids often constituted >1% of the mass of the conidium. Ergot alkaloids were extracted from conidia produced on all media tested, and the greatest quantities were observed when the fungus was cultured on latex paint or cultured maize seedlings. The values for physical properties of conidia likely to affect their respirability (i.e., diameter, mass, and specific gravity) were significantly lower for A. fumigatus than for Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, and Stachybotrys chartarum. The demonstration of relatively high concentrations of ergot alkaloids associated with conidia of A. fumigatus presents opportunities for investigations of potential contributions of the toxins to adverse health effects associated with the fungus and to aspects of the biology of the fungus that contribute to its success.
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Oswald, Frank, and Hans-Werner Wahl. "Housing and Health in Later Life." Reviews on Environmental Health 19, no. 3-4 (July 1, 2004): 223–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2004-19-3-405.
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Abstract The goal of this paper is to compile recent data on the housing and health in old age, with special emphasis on geropsychological and gerontological studies. The authors first introduce their understanding of both housing and health. Second, theoretical models that are important to understand better the relation between housing- and health-related outcomes are incorporated into an analytic scheme. Third, data on objective and subjective aspects of housing in old age in relation to healthrelated outcomes are presented. Among the objective functional housing aspects are healthrelevant micro-environmental indicators like housing hazards and amenities, retrofitting and assistive devices, as well as meso- and macroenvironmental indicators like housing type, neighborhood conditions, or urban-rural differences. Relocation is a classic field in environmental gerontology in which drastic environmental change has been linked to health outcomes. Among subjective housing aspects are residential satisfaction, housing-related control beliefs, and meaning of home. Direct health-related outcomes, such as physical and mental diseases and functional limitations, as well as indirect health-related outcomes like satisfaction or well-being receive attention. We conclude with a discussion addressing the environment and health dynamics of aging in the future.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Latex – Health aspects"
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De, Beer Corena. "The role of occupational exposure in the development of latex hypersensitivity." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2240.
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Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Technikon, 2000.Professionals in a healthcare setting use latex gloves on a daily basis, primarily to prevent transmission of microbial and viral organisms to and from patients and specimens. Repeated exposure to latex proteins (through direct skin contact or mucous membrane absorption) leads to the formation of circulating latex-specific antibodies and increases the risk of sensitisation. Among all known risk groups, healthcare workers have the highest risk to develop latex hypersensitivity. Early detection of antibodies or predisposing factors (e.g. atopy or impaired skin barrier function), could assist in the identification and management of risk groups and limit possible sensitisation. An experimental group with high occupational latex exposure is compared to a control group with low or no occupational latex exposure at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town. A questionnaire was completed by all subjects to obtain a thorough history of past and present latex exposure and to identify other risk factors. A complete physical examination was done to evaluate clinical signs and symptoms of risk factors and latex hypersensitivity. Atopy was evaluated by means of the United Kingdom's Diagnostic Criteria for Atopy, personal and lor family history of atopy, haematogram and total serum IgE analyses. Latex-specific IgE antibodies were measured immunometrically. Skin prick tests were performed on subjects with negative in vitro results, but with predefined clinical symptoms suggestive of latex hypersensitivity. An
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De, Beer Corena. "Clinical and laboratory investigation of latex allergy in healthcare workers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49883.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Healthcare workers (HCWs) wear latex gloves to protect themselves and their patients against the transmission of microbial, viral and bloodborne diseases. These individuals are primarily exposed to latex via cutaneous (direct contact) and mucocutaneous (inhalation of airborne allergens on glove powder) routes. Repeated exposure leads to the formation of circulating latex-specific IgE and subsequent sensitisation with varying clinical expression. The airconditioning system of the Tygerberg Hospital (TBH) complex was investigated for the presence of aerosolised cornstarch glove powder and proteins. Dust samples were collected from 14 areas with different levels of latex glove usage. Dust samples were spectrophotometrically compared to a calibration graph of pure glove powder. The detection of starch and proteins in all the dust samples confirmed the presence of glove powder and possibly airborne latex allergens in the airconditioning ducts. As expected, the high exposure areas showed the highest concentrations of both starch and proteins. It is possible that other proteins than latex were involved, but the confirmed high level of protein contamination should be a cause for concern. Correlation between starch and protein levels was highly significant (p<0.01) in all instances. A total of 500 questionnaires were circulated for completion by HCWs from TBH. The response rate was 69.8%. After considering specific inclusion criteria, a study group of 152 individuals was compiled (28 males, 124 females). All subjects had current latex exposure and suffered from at least three pre-defined symptoms. Serum was collected from all subjects and dermal fluid from 31 subjects. Total IgE and latex specific IgE analysis were done on all serum and dermal fluid samples. Latex-specific IgE was positive (>0.35 IU/ℓ) in 23 serum and six dermal fluid samples. Skin prick tests (SPTs)for latex were done on 59 subjects with negative serum latex-specific IgE and 34 had positive results. Twelve subjects with negative latex-specific IgE and latex SPTs underwent patch tests with the European Standard Series, a piece of latex glove and glove powder in petrolatum. Three subjects had positive results to one or more of these allergens. Western blot analysis for latex was done on all positive sera and dermal fluid collected from these subjects. Western blot analysis for latex proved to be more sensitive than the capRAST, because it was able to identify specific bands in samples with negative capRAST results. All subjects showed a band for Hev b 1, which has been confirmed as a powder-bound airborne allergen. Hev b 6.01 is associated with HCWs with cutaneous symptoms and this band was recognised by 81% of the subjects. These findings confirmed that airborne and cutaneous routes are the major routes of exposure in HCWs. According to their laboratory results, subjects were divided into the following subgroups and compared statistically: Group A (serum positive, n=23), Group B (SPT positive, n=34) and Group C (negative, n=25). Group D (withdrawn, n=70) could not be used for statistical comparisons, due to incomplete results. An overall latex allergy prevalence of 38% was found. Group A differed significantly from Group B and Group C for most clinical and special investigations. Group A and B were also combined to represent all subjects with positive results (Cohort AB). The Allergy Score and Class were highly significant when Cohort AB was compared to Group C. The selection of clinical symptoms was confirmed to be relevant and work-related deterioration on any of the symptoms should bear a high index of suspicion in the evaluation of latex allergy. Numerical indices and specific symptoms showed high positive predictive values and the Allergy Score produced statistical significance in the positive subgroups when compared to the negative subgroup. Paired statistical significance was confirmed between the Allergy Score and occupational exposure (number of years, hours and pairs per week). The areas with the highest occupational latex exposure in HCWs are the face and hands. Different occupations also have different levels of exposure and two subgroups of HCWs (16 laboratory technologists and 13 theatre staff) were investigated for sebum content on different facial areas and the palms and dorsal areas of both hands. Baseline measurements were done before putting on gloves. In 21 subjects follow up measurements were done following three to four hours of occupational exposure, but before washing their hands. Baseline and follow up values were compared for all the different anatomical regions. Levels on the forehead and cheeks increased over time, while the level on the nose decreased. All hand regions decreased significantly during occupational exposure, suggesting that glove powder contributes to dryness of the skin. In conclusion, the problem posed by latex allergy will not be solved overnight and will probably remain a major occupational hazard for years to come. It is currently not possible to avoid exposure to latex, but it is imperative to institute safety measures to prevent further sensitisation in predisposed individuals and manage those already affected.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gesondheidswerkers dra lateks handskoene om hulleself en hulle pasiënte te beskerm teen die oordrag van mikrobiale, virale en bloed-gedraagde siektes. Die lateks blootstelling vind hier hoofsaaklik plaas via kutane (direkte velkontak) en mukokutane (inaseming van lug-gedraagde allergene op hanskoen poeier) roetes. Herhaalde blootstelling veroorsaak sirkulerende lateksspesifieke IgE en sensitisasie met variërende kliniese beelde. Die lugreëlingstelsel van die Tygerberg hospitaalkompleks is ondersoek vir die teenwoordigheid van handskoenpoeier (stysel) en lateks proteïene. Stofmonsters is versamel in 14 areas wat verskillende blootstellingsvlakke verteenwoordig het. Die stofmonsters is spektrofotometries vergelyk met "n kalibrasiekurwe van suiwer hanskoenpoeier. Stysel en proteïene kon in al die stofmonsters aangetoon word en het die teenwoordigheid van handskoenpoeier en moontlike luggedraagde lateks proteïene in die lugreëlingstelsel bevestig. Soos verwag kon word, het die hoogste stysel en proteïen waardes in hoë blootstellingsareas voorgekom. Hoogs beduidende statistiese korrelasies (p<0.01) tussen die stysel en proteïenvlakke kon aangedui word in alle monsters. "n Totaal van 500 vraelyste is gesirkuleer vir voltooiing deur TBH gesondheidswerkers, waarvan 69.8% voltooide vraelyste terugontvang is. Na evaluering van insluitingskriteria, is "n studiegroep van 152 individue saamgestel (28 mans, 124 vrouens). Almal het huidige lateks blootstelling en ten minste drie het vooraf gedefinieerde simptome gerapporteer. Serum is van die hele groep versamel en dermale vog van 31 proefpersone. Totale IgE en lateks-spesifieke IgE vlakke is op alle serum en dermale vog bepaal. Positiewe resultate (>0.35 IU/ℓ) is verkry in 23 serum en ses dermaIe vog monsters. Velpriktoets vir lateks is op 59 proefpersone uitgevoer en 34 daarvan het positiewe resultate opgelewer. Twaalf proefpersone met negatiewe lateks-spesifieke IgE en velpriktoets resultate het kutane plaktoetse ondergaan met die Europese Standaard Reeks, "n stukkie lateks handskoen en handskoenpoeier in petrolatum. Drie proefpersone het positiewe resultate teen een of meer van die allergene gehad. Westerse kladanalise vir lateks is op alle positiewe serum gedoen, asook die dermale vogte van hierdie proefpersone. Westerse kladanalise vir lateks blyk baie meer sensitief te wees as die capRAST, aangesien dit spesifieke bande kon identifiseer in monsters capRAST resultate. Alle monsters het "n band getoon vir Hev b 1, "n poeier-gebinde, luggedraade allergeen. Hev b 6.01 is geassosieer met gesondheidswerkers met velsimptome en hierdie band is gevind in 81% van die monsters. Hierdie resultate bevestig dat die belangrikste blootstelling aan lateks in gesondheidswerkers deur die vel en inaseming plaasvind. Proefpersone is in die volgende drie groepe verdeel volgens laboratorium resultate en statisties vergelyk: Groep A (positiewe serum, n=23), Groep B (positiewe velpriktoetse, n=34) en Groep C (negatief, n=25). Groep D (onttrek, n=70) kon nie vir betekenisvolle statistiese vergelykings aangewend word nie, as gevolg van onvolledige resultate. 'n Finale lateks allergie prevalensie van 38% is gevind. Groep A het hoogs beduidend verskil van Groep B en C vir die meeste van die kliniese en spesiale laboratoriumondersoeke. Groep A en B is gekombineer om alle proefpersone in te sluit met positiewe resultate (Kohort AB). Die Allergie Telling en Klas van Kohort AB was hoogs beduidend in vergelyking met Groep C. Die gekose simptome is bevestig as relevant en enige werksverwante verergering van simptome moet met 'n hoë mate van agterdog bejeën word in lateks allergie. Numeriese indekse en spesifieke simptome het hoë positiewe voorspellingswaardes gelewer en die Allergie Telling was hoogs beduidend in die positiewe subgroep in vergelyking met die negatiewe subgroep. Gepaarde statistiese beduidenheid is ook gevind tussen die Allergie Telling en beroepsblootstelling (jare van blootstelling, uur en paar handskoene per week). Die meeste beroepsblootstelling aan lateks in gesondheidswerkers vind plaas op die hande en gesig. Verskillende beroepe het ook verskillende blootstellingsvlakke en two subgroepe gesondheidswerkers (16 laboratorium tegnoloë en 13 teater personeel) is ondersoek vir die sebumgehalte op veskillende areas van die gesig en hande. Basislynvlakke is gemeet voordat handskoene aangetrek is en in 21 gevalle is opvolgvlakke gemeet na drie tot vier uur beroepsblootstelling, maar voor die hande gewas is. Basislyn en opvolgvlakke is met mekaar vergelyk vir al die anatomiese areas. Die voorkop en wange het 'n toename in sebumgehalte getoon, terwyl dié van die neus afgeneem het. AI die areas op die hande toon 'n hoogs beduidende afname tydens beroepsblootstelling, wat impliseer dat hanskoenpoeier moontlik bydra tot droogheid van die vel. In samevatting, die lateks allergie probleem sal nie oornag opgelos word nie en sal waarskynlik 'n belangrike beroepsrisiko bly vir die aansienlike toekoms. Totale vermyding van lateks is tans onmoontlik en daarom is dit van uiterste belang om voorsorgmaatreëls in plek te stel om verdere sensitisasie in blootgestelde individue te verhoed en die wat reeds geaffekteer is, effektief te hanteer.
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Wu, Yu-Tzu. "Living environment and mental health in later life." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709341.
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Chlipala, M. Linda. "Longitudinal Study of Loneliness and Depression as Predictors of Health in Mid- to Later Life." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6124/.
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The longitudinal relationship between loneliness and depression as predictors of chronic health conditions in middle-aged to older adults was investigated utilizing data collected by the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a national representative longitudinal study of health, retirement, and aging, conducted by the Institute for Social Research (ISR) Survey Research Center (SRC) at the University of Michigan, funded by the National Institute on Aging and the Social Security Administration. The correlation between these loneliness and depression was moderate (r = .32 to r = 51). The single-item subjective self-report of loneliness was found to be an adequate measure of loneliness. A cross-lagged panel correlation and regression design was used to examine the longitudinal relationship between loneliness, depression, and chronic health conditions. A temporal precedence was indicated implying a causal relationship with depression leading to subsequent loneliness. The relationship between recurring loneliness and chronic health conditions was weak (r = .13).
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Arsene, Camelia V. "The quality of parent-child relationship and health in later life." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3112/.
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Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that social and emotional support can protect against premature mortality and prevent illness. The longterm consequences of poor parent-child relationships on adult mental health have been a major focus of research. Much less attention has been directed towards the effects on physical health outcomes. Objective: Based on the life course model, this thesis assessed the extent to which child-parent relationships influence physical health in later life. Methods: The dissertation was based on a systematic review of longitudinal studies linking parent-child relationships and physical health in adulthood, and on secondary data-analyses of the Christchurch Health and Development Study. The role played by different confounders and mediators was discussed. The analyses were based on multivariate regression methods. Results: Most of the systematic review studies showed a positive association between poor parenting and health in later life. Supportive of the association were studies on general health relying on self-reports. Non-supportive were studies looking at mortality and rare diseases and relying on official records. Some of the studies presented their findings in relation to gender, girls being more likely to somatise in adolescence or in adulthood. An association was found for the Christchurch Health and Development Study between the quality of parent-child relationship and hospital admission or the number of doctor visits. These effects were more pronounced in females. Overall, adjusting for different confounders and mediators added some information, but did not replace the effect of the exposure variables on the outcomes. Conclusion: More research is required in understanding how the early behavioural, environmental and social factors work together in the development of long term health outcomes. Given the growing evidence of the long term effects of poor parent-child relationships, greater efforts are clearly needed in developing effective strategies for prevention and intervention.
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Evershed, Jane. "Unseen landscapes of adult education : creative arts, well-being and well-becoming in later life." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2018. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/18014/.
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Creative arts education is integral to the diverse, extramural, formally taught and non-accredited landscapes of Adult Education. Traditionally popular with adults in later life, it is correlated with improvements in subjective well-being (Hughes and Adriaanse, 2017), health (Humphrey et al., 2011) and social inclusion (Feinstein et al., 2008). However, UK government support for arts curricula is in decline (Hughes et al., 2016), despite the rising demographics for older age groups (Office for National Statistics (ONS), 2018). Funding for remaining programmes is increasingly rationalised through perceived improvements to well-being (Hughes et al., 2016) and the attainment of objective and functional learning outcomes (Schuller, 2017). This thesis explores the relationships of three women in later life with creative arts education. The interpretive bricolage methodology draws together their experiences and considers the impacts of rationalising education exclusively through objective criteria. The research material is analysed using writing-as-inquiry and emergent interpretations are refined in iterative dialogues between researcher and participants. Thus, meaning is made in a 'continuing realignment of life events and life possibilities' (Rolling, 2010, p.157). The analysis is (re)presented as a series of evocative narratives, interwoven with the reflexive and autoethnographic positioning of the researcher. This process seeks to 'fracture the boundaries that normally separate social science from literature' (Ellis and Bochner, 2000, p.744). The research highlights the participants' perceptions of motivational factors, barriers and constraints and explores aspects of personal meaning-making, spirituality and transformation. It also illustrates the importance of 'place' in fostering collaborative learning and curiosity and questions fixed notions of well-being. The latter is reconceptualised as 'well-becoming' to acknowledge its fluid and transient qualities. The women's experiences are set against a prevailing culture of accountability and lie beyond the immediate gaze of policymakers. Therefore, the research assists in promoting more sustainable and context-appropriate practice by exploring some of the otherwise 'unseen' landscapes of Adult Education in later life.
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McBean, Amanda L., Raymond P. Najjar, Ronald A. Schuchard, Courtney D. Hall, Cheng-Ann Wang, Ban Ku, and Joseph M. Furman. "Standing Balance and Spatiotemporal Aspects of Gait Are Impaired Upon Nocturnal Awakening in Healthy Late Middle-Aged and Older Adults." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/555.
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Study Objectives: Nocturnal awakenings may constitute a unique risk for falls among older adults. We describe differences in gait and balance between presleep and midsleep testing, and whether changes in the lighting environment during the midsleep testing further affect gait and balance.
Methods: Twenty-one healthy, late middle-aged and older (64.7 ± 8.0 y) adults participated in this repeated-measures design consisting of four overnight laboratory stays. Each night, participants completed baseline visual acuity, gait, and balance testing. After a 2-h sleep opportunity, they were awakened for 13 min into one of four lighting conditions: very dim white light (< 0.5 lux); dim white light (∼28.0 lux); dim orange light (∼28.0 lux); and white room-level light (∼200 lux). During this awakening, participants completed the same sequence of testing as at baseline.
Results: Low-contrast visual acuity significantly decreased with decreasing illuminance conditions (F(3,45) = 98.26, p < 0.001). Our a priori hypothesis was confirmed in that variation in stride velocity and center of pressure path length were significantly worse during the mid-sleep awakening compared to presleep baseline. Lighting conditions during the awakening, however, did not influence these parameters. In exploratory analyses, we found that over one-third of the tested gait and balance parameters were significantly worse at the midsleep awakening as compared to baseline (p < 0.05), and nearly one-quarter had medium to large effect sizes (Cohen d ≥ 0.5; r ≥ 0.3).
Conclusions: Balance and gait are impaired during midsleep awakenings among healthy, late middle-aged and older adults. This impairment is not ameliorated by exposure to room lighting, when compared to dim lights.
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Velasco, Enid Aida. "Discrepancies in social workers' self-perception in theoretical and treatment approaches to depressed late middle-age women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1325.
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Shava, Mazwitha. ""A systemic exploration of the challenges faces by employer and employee when the later is undergoing active cancer treatment"." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/5735.
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The purpose of the research was to explore the challenges faced by both employer and employee when the later undergoes active cancer treatment from a systemic perspective. A qualitative research was conducted using a case study of six sessions with both employer and employee. The study revealed that the employer and employee defined their relationship and boundaries as a system. The research project made a great impact on the researchers’ map regarding cancer or any other symptom, the person with cancer and the employer. In the researcher’s old map, before the research project, cancer implied a very threatening disease which rendered both the employer and the employee helpless and powerless.
Through the research project the researcher discovered the significance of not having preconceived ideas as according to this study both the employer and employee had the freedom to punctuate their challenges in relation to the latter undergoing active treatment.Social Work
M. A. (Social Science (Mental Health))
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Moleli, Lebese Johannes. "A peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements around Gauteng." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8032.
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D.Ed.This study applied a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual approach. The purpose of the study was to develop, implement and evaluate a peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements around Gauteng. Based on the purpose of the study, the objectives of this research were: a) to explore and describe the experiences and challenges related to life threatening behaviour challenges among late adolescents; b) to develop a conceptual framework as basis for a peer counselling psycho-educational programme on peer education to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements; c) to describe a peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements; d) to formulate guidelines and principles for the implementation of a peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements; and e) to evaluate this peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements. To achieve the purpose of this research, the research method followed four phases to develop, implement and evaluate the psycho-educational programme. Phase one was a situational analysis by means of fieldwork. Phase two outlined a conceptual framework for a peer counselling psycho-educational programme that was developed from the results of phase one and the literature. Phase three was the outline of the implementation, and phase four the evaluation of the developed peer counselling psycho-educational programme to facilitate healthy sexual behaviour among late adolescents in informal settlements around Gauteng. ii The researcher sought to understand the targeted area and targeted populations; this exercise helped the researcher to identify and address the research problem and also to gain knowledge on the attitudes, norms, and values, and also the lived experiences, of the targeted community. It gave the researcher an understanding on cultural norms and beliefs and assisted in demarcating the extent of the problem. The importance of this exercise was to help the researcher to know the population demographics and the demarcation of the targeted area, which also assisted with resource allocation. During this situation analysis, the researcher identified the need for the exploration of life threatening sexual behaviour challenges among late adolescents in informal settlements. He identified these young people by observing them during site visits in their communities and also through conversations with them. Therefore, the researcher underwent experiential learning to understand the life threatening sexual behaviour, experiences and problems among late adolescents in informal settlements around Gauteng.
Books on the topic "Latex – Health aspects"
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Cohen, Martin. Latex sensitivity in Washington State acute care hospitals: A needs assessment and survey of awareness of the issues. Olympia, WA: Safety & Health Assessment & Research for Prevention, 1999.
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Cohen, Martin. Latex sensitivity in Washington State acute care hospitals: A needs assessment and survey of awareness of the issues. Olympia, WA: Safety & Health Assessment & Research for Prevention, 1999.
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Dealing with 'latex allergies' at work. Richmond, B.C.]: Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia, 1997.
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Sussman, Gordon. Guidelines for the management of latex allergies and safe latex use in healthcare facilities. Ottawa, Ontario: CHA Press, 1996.
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Hansen, Mogens Kragh. Vandfortyndbare malevarers arbejdsmiljøegenskaber. København: Arbejdsmiljøfondet, 1986.
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Mothers, babies, and health in later life. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.
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Stålhandske, Maria Liljas. Ritual invention: A play perspective on existential ritual and mental health in late modern Sweden. Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, 2005.
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Stålhandske, Maria Liljas. Ritual invention: A play perspective on existential ritual and mental health in late modern Sweden. Uppsala: [Uppsala University Press] : Diakonivetenskapliga institutet [distributör], 2005.
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Lenkert, Erika. Healthy eating during pregnancy: 100 delicious recipes from breakfast to a late-night snack. [Lanham, Md.]: Kyle Books, 2011.
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Aging and God: Spiritual pathways to mental health in midlife and later years. New York: Haworth Pastoral Press, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Latex – Health aspects"
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Singh, Ankura, and Olivia I. Okereke. "Health Policy and Economic Aspects of Late-Life Depression Prevention." In Prevention of Late-Life Depression, 135–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16045-0_9.
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Shmotkin, Dov. "Declarative and Differential Aspects of Subjective Well-Being and Its Implications for Mental Health in Later Life." In Handbook of Aging and Mental Health, 15–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0098-2_2.
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Torres, Sandra. "Introduction: Framing Civic Exclusion." In International Perspectives on Aging, 239–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_18.
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AbstractThe topic of old-age social exclusion has received increased attention as studies that measure the prevalence of this multidimensional phenomenon have shown its spread across countries; see Ogg (2005) who focuses on Europe, Hrast et al. (2013) who considers Central and Eastern Europe, and Macleod et al. (2019) who measure exclusion in the UK. The three chapters that belong to this section pay specific attention to two of the domains which Walsh et al. (2017) refer to as civic participation and socio-cultural aspects in their framework on exclusion in later life. In this book, we refer to them as civic exclusion [see Walsh et al. this volume]. It is worth noting that this domain has received the least scholarly attention so far within the literature (van Regenmortel et al. 2016; Walsh et al. 2017), even though there is clear evidence that civic engagement and socio-cultural aspects of exclusion can have an impact on self-rated health (Poortinga 2006). Thus, the purpose of the chapter is to offer an abridged introduction to the topic of civic exclusion in later life in order to offer context to the three chapters in this section.
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Feldman, Howard S., and Martita A. Lopez. "Psychosocial Aspects of Later Adulthood." In Developmental Psychology for the Health Care Professions, 119–33. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429045165-6.
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Horgan, Kevin, Fergus Shanahan, and Paul W. O’Toole. "Biological significance of gut microbiota changes associated with ageing." In Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine, 345–52. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0047.
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The concept that the commensal gut microbiota might influence the ageing process is not new. Awareness of the gastrointestinal microbiota and its potential role in host health was recognized in the late nineteenth century. Metchnikoff was a proponent of the value of fermented foods in promoting healthy ageing and proposed that the beneficial effect was a consequence of modulation of the resident colonic bacterial ‘flora’. His conviction could not be substantiated because of the lack of tools necessary to address the issue rigorously in that era. A century later, advanced technology has established the role of the human microbiota in health and disease. Emerging information is leading to a fundamentally revised understanding of many aspects of human development and disease that takes into account the role of the microbiota. This chapter addresses current knowledge of the relationship of the microbiome to human ageing, and outlines the prospects for monitoring and modulating the gut microbiota to promote healthy ageing.
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Rothe, Eugenio M., and Andres J. Pumariega. "The Psychodynamic Aspects of Migration." In Immigration, Cultural Identity, and Mental Health, 39–58. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661700.003.0003.
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The chapter on the psychodynamic aspects of migration explains the parallels between the process of migration and of life and human development, which can be understood as a series of attachments and separations that can lead to personal growth but involve mourning for what is lost and forming new attachments. It explains the concept of culture shock and the process of transformation of the identity of the immigrant, the dynamics involved in acquiring a new language, and the psychodynamic challenges of starting a life in the new host country. It explains the psychological defenses that the immigrant may put in place to deal with the massive losses of migration and adapt to the new country, such as the loss of past human connections and material possessions, as well as the loss of a familiar climate and geography. It discusses the family dynamics of leaving children behind in the care of relatives and later reunifications with the immigrant parents in the new host country. The chapter offers treatment recommendations to deal with these issues. The chapter is also illustrated with case studies.
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Ashton, John. "Promoting and improving health." In Practising Public Health, 62–88. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743170.003.0004.
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This chapter reports on the New Public Health initiatives in the Mersey region, based in Liverpool and traces their antecedents from the post war period. Beginning with the first large-scale lifestyle interventions at the International Garden Festival in 1984, other aspects of the work based on agenda setting, consciousness raising, and developing models of good practice are described. These include exploring the use of public spaces, facilities, and assets to engage with the public and popularize ideas associated with the New Public Health. They also include landmark initiatives in Finland and Sweden to tackle the contemporary challenges of heart disease and teenage pregnancy, deploying methods based on the new thinking. The issue of the ‘Nanny State’ in the context of a libertarian society is confronted together with the role of public agencies as enablers, and asset-based community development is identified as a vital approach. The ways in which this early work paved the way for later developments, including the World Health Organization Healthy Cities project, by building foundations based on extensive personal and organizational partnership working are recorded.
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Verma, Neelam. "Ageing and Mental Health." In Handbook of Research on Geriatric Health, Treatment, and Care, 369–92. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3480-8.ch021.
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Estimated research findings suggest that almost two-thirds of adults with psychiatric conditions do not receive the required treatment services. This chapter enables readers to understand various aspects of ageing, how physical and mental health aspects are correlated, and which mental health conditions are most common in later life. The chapter also discusses major models of mental health in the context of ageing. Major psychiatric and psychological conditions that are most common in old age are outlined along with a major milestone of old age (i.e., retirement: a major lifestyle change that pushes older people towards psychological problems and adjustment issues with a new phase of life). A brief description is presented on the current status of psychiatric and psychological services for mental health issues of the elderly. The chapter concludes by summarizing the contents of discussed areas. Studies are presented throughout the chapter to accompany and enrich the discussion and validate the chapter content.
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Verma, Neelam. "Ageing and Mental Health." In Research Anthology on Mental Health Stigma, Education, and Treatment, 549–72. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8544-3.ch033.
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Estimated research findings suggest that almost two-thirds of adults with psychiatric conditions do not receive the required treatment services. This chapter enables readers to understand various aspects of ageing, how physical and mental health aspects are correlated, and which mental health conditions are most common in later life. The chapter also discusses major models of mental health in the context of ageing. Major psychiatric and psychological conditions that are most common in old age are outlined along with a major milestone of old age (i.e., retirement: a major lifestyle change that pushes older people towards psychological problems and adjustment issues with a new phase of life). A brief description is presented on the current status of psychiatric and psychological services for mental health issues of the elderly. The chapter concludes by summarizing the contents of discussed areas. Studies are presented throughout the chapter to accompany and enrich the discussion and validate the chapter content.
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Bhave, Tejaswini. "Romantic Relationships, Online Dating, and Mental Health Issues." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 236–43. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4047-2.ch013.
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This chapter attempts to present the overview of mental health issues associated with online dating and online romantic relationships with relevant research background. It briefly cautions about the possible risks involved in the world of online dating platforms and later delves into mental health concerns that can emerge out of experiences while selecting a potential partner online, developing a romantic relationship, and being involved in a romantic relationship online. It also discusses safety measures that need to be taken before and while being active on such online dating sites. The chapter draws attention to the specific role of mental health professionals that is needed while dealing with victims of online scams and abuse.
Conference papers on the topic "Latex – Health aspects"
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Morel Correa, Silvia, Roni Anzolch, and Renato Pedrotti. "Brise-soleil: principios y transformación en la obra de Le Corbusier." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.923.
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Resumen: La actitud de Le Corbusier respecto a la superfície epidérmica de sus edifícios cambió en los años 20, cuando se percató de los problemas producidos al construir membranas de escaso espesor con amplias zonas acristaladas. Durante la década de 30, Le Corbusier trabajaba principalmente en países cálidos, y la invención del brise-soleil parecía ser la respuesta a los problemas de ganancia de calor. El brise en la obra de Le Corbusier jugó dos funciones importantes: una como elemento de adaptación al clima y la otra como elemento de composición de fachada. El objectivo del trabajo es rescatar la importancia que Le Corbusier daba a este elemento, para tanto aborda la evolución y la transformación del brise-soleil, en su propia obra. La metodologia del trabajo consiste en analisar las obras elegidas por su relevância en el tema desde un punto de vista medioambiental con base en los estudios de Almodovar, D. Siret y Requena, teniendo en cuenta la orientación y la protección solar en los solsticios de invierno y verano (Le Corbusier defendió que por lo menos hubieran dos horas de penetración solar en el invierno). Del mismo modo, desde el punto de vista arquitectónico se consideran aspectos como la forma arquitectónica, la integración al conjunto, la inserción en la fachada y la importancia en la composición. Abstract: Le Corbusier attitude on the epidermal surface of buildings changes when he realises, in the 1920s, that the problems caused by membranes of insufficient thick with large glazed areas. During the 1930s decade, Le Corbusier worked mainly in warm countries, and the invention of the brise-soleil seemed to be the answer to the problems of heat gain. The brise-soleil, in the work of Le Corbusier, played two important roles: one as an element of adaptation to the climate and the other as an element of composition of facade. The aim of this paper is to rescue the importance that Le Corbusier gave to this element, so it treats the evolution and transformation of the brise-soleil, in his own work. The methodology of the work consists of an analysis of works chosen for their relevance on the issue from an environmental point of view, based on the studies of Almodovar, D. Siret and Requena, considering the solar orientation and solar shading in the winter and summer solstice (Le Corbusier argued that there were at least two hours of solar penetration in winter). In the same way, from the architectural point of view, it treats aspects such as the architectural form, integration in the whole, insert on the facade and compositional importance. Palabras clave: protección solar; brise-soleil; Le Corbusier. Keywords: solar shading; brise-soleil; Le Corbusier. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.923
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Ramesh, Aparna. "Le Corbusier in Chandigarh: A Search for the Natural Order." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.784.
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Abstract: This paper is an attempt to analyse and decode Le Corbusier’s application of his exceptionally singular and complex understanding of the order of the natural world in his urban masterpiece- Chandigarh City. It was Le Corbusier’s strong belief that architecture was a personal search for truth, a truth that was contained in the organic harmony of nature. He was convinced that with the advent of the machine in the 19th century, ties between man and nature had been severed. For the sake of the citizen’s physiological and psychological health, he felt it was essential that future cities focus on reconnecting man to nature through large green parks open to the sky, unpolluted by the machine. His own formative years in the lush forests of the Swiss countryside, sketching and abstracting natural forms helped him observe and internalise the inherent logic in their geometry. Over the years, a deeper study of mathematical proportions of the human body led Le Corbusier to propose the Modulor as a standard for the human scale in architecture. This only further cemented his belief that there was no separate natural order and man-made order; man was a part of nature and therefore a part of the natural order as well. However, it was the spiritual aspect of city planning that fascinated Le Corbusier the most. After a life long study of natural forms, he was fully convinced that this Spirit was hidden in the geometries of nature. To him, it was essential that the twentieth century city employ this spiritual order as a means restore harmony between man, nature and the cosmos. Resumen: Este trabajo conforma un intento para analizar y decodificar la aplicación de Le Corbusier en su comprensión excepcionalmente singular y compleja del orden del mundo natural en su obra maestra urbana - La Ciudad de Chandigarh. La firme creencia de Le Corbusier era que la arquitectura constituía una búsqueda personal de la verdad, una verdad establecida en la armonía orgánica de la naturaleza. Estaba convencido de que con el surgimiento de las máquinas en el siglo XIX, los lazos entre el hombre y la naturaleza se habían roto. Por el bien de la salud fisiológica y sicológica de los ciudadanos, sentía que era fundamental que las ciudades futuras se enfocaran en reconectar al hombre con la naturaleza a través de grandes parques verdes abiertos al cielo, sin ser contaminados por máquinas. Sus propios años de formación en los frondosos bosques del campo Suizo, esbozando y captando formas naturales lo ayudaron a observar e internalizar la lógica inherente en su geometría. Con el transcurso de los años, un estudio más profundo de proporciones matemáticas del cuerpo humano, llevaron a que Le Corbusier propusiera el Modulor como un estándar para la escala humana en arquitectura. Esto sólo consiguió consolidar aun más su creencia de que no había una separación entre el orden natural y el hecho por el hombre; el hombre era parte de la naturaleza y por lo tanto parte del orden natural también. Sin embargo, fue el aspecto espiritual de la planificación de la ciudad lo que más fascinó a Le Corbusier. Luego de un estudio de formas naturales a lo largo de la vida, se convenció por completo acerca de que este Espíritu estaba escondido en las geometrías de la naturaleza. Para él era primordial que la ciudad del siglo veinte empleara este orden espiritual como un medio para restaurar la armonía entre el hombre, la naturaleza y el cosmos. Keywords: Chandigarh; City Planning; Capitol Complex; Modulor Man; Open Hand; Natural Order. Palabras clave: Chandigarh; Planificación de la ciudad ; Capitol Complex; Modulor Man; Open Hand; Orden del Mundo Natural. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.784
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Prajapati, Anjana N., and Andallib Tariq. "A Comparative Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics and Pressure Drop in Matrix Structures." In ASME 2019 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2019-2550.
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Abstract An experimental study on local heat transfer distributions and pressure loss in the closed matrix channels with an angle 45° has been conducted using liquid crystal thermography for a Reynolds number (Re) range 5800–14000. A total of five different configurations of matrixes have been considered for investigation. The thermo-hydraulic performance of the matrix structure with angle 45° is initially compared with that of the matrixes with angles 35° and 55° for a constant sub-channel aspect ratio (ARs) 0.8. Later, the sub-channel aspect ratio of matrix with angle 45° has been varied as 0.4 and 1.2 and the comparative results are presented. While comparing the performance parameters of different angles for the sub-channel aspect ratio 0.8, it is found that for lower Reynolds numbers (Re ≤ 8100), the angle 45° offers highest augmentation Nusselt number. However, for Re > 8100, the angle 55° showed the highest augmentation Nusselt number. It has been also observed that the sub-channel aspect ratio 0.8 presents the highest augmentation Nusselt numbers as compared to ARs = 1.2 and 0.4 for Re ≤ 12400. Whereas, the friction factor fairly decreases with the increase in the sub-aspect ratio. A significant effect of angle has been found for friction factor as compared to sub-channel aspect ratio. The highest thermal performance factor (1.13) is obtained for the matrix with angle 45° and sub-channel aspect ratio 0.8 at Reynolds number 8100.
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Hasan, Mainul, and Latifa Begum. "A Comparison Between 3-D Thermal Model and 3-D CFD Model for Vertical DC Casting of Rolling Ingots of Aluminum Alloy 7050." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36763.
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In this study, first a 3-D thermal model is developed for an open top, vertical direct chill (DC) casting process of rolling slabs (ingots) by taking into account the casting speed in the form of slag flow in the thermal connective-diffusion equation. The mushy region solidification characteristics of the process are accounted for through the implementation of the enthalpy porosity technique. The thermal model is later extended to a 3-D CFD model to account for the coupled turbulent heat transfer and solidification aspect of the process. Both models simulate an industrial-sized, hot-top type vertical Direct Chill (DC) slab caster for high strength aluminum alloy AA-7050. A staggered control volume based finite-difference scheme is used to solve the modeled equations and the associated boundary conditions. In the CFD model, the turbulent aspects of flow and solidification heat transfer are modeled using a low Reynolds number version of the k–ε eddy viscosity approach. Computed results for the steady-state phase of the casting process are presented for four casting speeds varying from 60 to 180 mm/min for a fixed inlet melt superheat of 32°C. Simulation results of the velocity and temperature fields and heat fluxes along the caster surface are presented for the CFD model and the shell thickness and sump depth are compared between the CFD and thermal models.
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Kruithof, E. KO, W. D. Schleuning, and F. Bachman. "PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR BIOCHEMICAL AND CLINICAL ASPECTS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644764.
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Plasminogen activator (PAs) are enzymes that convert the zymogen plasminogen into the trypsin-like protease plasmin, which degrades extracellular matrix proteins and fibrin in the course of fibrinolysis, embryogenesis, tissue remodeling and in tumor metastasis. Plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs) are important modulators of PA activity. Several proteins have been identified which inhibit at fast rates urokinase (u-PA) and tissue-type PA (t-PA). In the order of inhibition rate constants these are: a) PAI-1, present in human plasma and platelet extracts and purified from human endothelial cell, fibrosarcoma cell and melanoma cell conditioned media; b) PAI-2, first identified in extracts of human placenta and later also in extracts and conditioned media of human granulocytes and monocytes; and c) protease nexin, a broad specificity protease inhibitor that was first identified and purified from human fibroblasts. We have chosen to use phorbol myristate acetate (30 ng/ml) stimulated histiocytic lymphoma cells (U-937) for the purification of PAI-2. The concentration of PAI-2 in the conditioned media after three days culture in the absence of fetal calf serum is 5 mg/1 and PAI-2 represents 3% of total protein. PAI-2 was purified by a two step procedure consisting of isoelectric focusing and affinity chromatography on Cibacron-Blue agarose. Two forms of PAI-2 were identified: a 47 kDa, nonglycosylated, pi 5.0 form and a 60 kDa glycosylated, pi 4.4 form. Immunctolot analysis and in vivo protein labeling studies under culture conditions that assure 100% viability of the cells showed that the glycosylated Torn is secreted, whereas the 47 kDa, nonglycosylated form remains intracellular. The glycosylation does not affect the activity of the inhibitors since both forms of PAI-2 react with the same rate with u-PA. PAI-2 is a fast inhibitor of u-PA (kl=9×l05M−1s−1) and two-chain t-PA (kl=2×l05) and a rather slow inhibitor of one chain t-PA (kl=l×l02) and of plasmin (kl×l02), but does not inhibit glandular and plasma kallikrein or thrombin. The inhibition spectrum and the kinetics of inhibition clearly distinguish PAI-2 from PAI-1 (kl of reaction with u-PA and two and one chain t-PA above 107) and from protease nexin, that is an efficient inhibitor also of thrombin and plasmin.We have cloned a 1880 Ip fragment of PAI-2 cDNA and determined its nucleotide sequence. The derived acid sequence reveals that PAI-2 is like PAI-1 and protease nexin a member of the serpin family of proteins and contains arginine at its putative active site. In an attenpt to identify parts of the inhibitor proteins that are responsible for conferring PA specificity to PAI-1 and PAI-2 we have compared the primary structures of PAI-1 and PAI-2 with each other and with antithrombin III (AT III). Surprisingly, PAI-2 exhibits no homology with PAI-1 in the region close to the active site except for the active site arginine, whereas, in that region, AT III showed three and seven conserved aminoacids when compared to PAI-1 and PAI-2, respectively. This finding suggests that other regions than those close to the active site contribute to the specificity of PAIs.Plasma concentrations of PAI-2 were measured by a specific radioimmunoassay in over 50 healthy individuals, PAI-2 levels were below detection limit (15 ng/ml) in half of the saitples. Maximal concentrations encountered were in the 30 ng/ml range. PAI-2 measurements in over 300 hospitalized patients demonstrated significantly elevated PAI-2 concentrations only in pregnant women. Measurements in various stages of pregnancy showed a steady increase of PAI-2 from below detection limit in nonpregnant women to values of 250 ng/ml at term and of PAI-1 frcm 25 ng/ml to 150 ng/ml. Unlike to PAI-1 concentrations that normalize rapidly after delivery, PAI-2 concentrations remain significantly elevated for several days.
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Semenov, Sergey, Alexandr Bozhchenko, and Pavel Tolkach. "Iatrogenic death of a patient as a result of local anesthesia with the use of the drug “Naropin”." In Issues of determining the severity of harm caused to human health as a result of the impact of a biological factor. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/conferencearticle_5fdcb03ab42468.53224529.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers the clinical and forensic aspects of the possibility of establishing a causal relationship between the use of the drug “Naropin” and the death of a patient during local anesthesia. In this case, the patient sought outpatient medical care for paraproctitis. The decision made by the doctor the decision for local anesthesia is the use of the drug “Naropin”. At 20 minutes of administration of the drug in the required dosage, the patient suddenly developed convulsions and clinical death occurred, and later the patient died. When conducting a forensic examination of the corpse, the most significant was the following: a small pinpoint wound in the upper quadrant of the right buttock, pulmonary edema, liquid blood and small loose blood clots in the heart cavities, brain edema. During a post-mortem Toxicological examination of the blood, the presence of ropivacaine (a component of naropine) was found to exceed the threshold toxic concentration. Repeated expert research has found that led to the onset of death-the erroneous introduction of the anesthetic “Naropin” directly into the blood vessel, which is prohibited by the instructions for its use due to a very narrow zone of toxic action.
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Castello, Xavier, Segen F. Estefen, Harold R. Leon, Luis C. Chad, and Juscinei Souza. "Design Aspects and Benefits of Sandwich Pipes for Ultra Deepwaters." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79528.
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Oil&gas production on deep and ultra deepwater scenarios require very thick walled steel pipelines or heavy Pipe-in-Pipe systems, which are expensive and difficult to install. Sandwich Pipe is a new pipeline concept composed of two concentric steel pipes separated by and bonded to a polymeric annulus that provide the adequate combination of structural strength and thermal insulation. In later works, Sandwich Pipes have been analyzed regarding to the structural strength and results have indicated good relation between steel weight and external pressure resistance, mainly when compared to the Pipe-in-Pipe system. To fulfill the thermal insulation requirements, an adequate polymer for the annular layer should be selected, combining both insulation requirements and good bonding strength to steel, which are determinant for the adequate performance. Sandwich Pipes with typical inner diameters of those employed in the offshore production are analyzed numerically to evaluate the ultimate strength under external pressure. Polyurethane based materials with different mechanical and thermal properties are selected. Experimental tests are performed to evaluate adhesion strength to steel, which are used as input for the numerical models. Non-linear geometry, material and contact properties are included, as well as temperature effect on polymer stiffness. To estimate the insulation capacity for each option the global heat transfer coefficient is calculated and a maximum “U value” is considered for all systems. Also, both numerical and analytical analyses are employed to design a PIP system for a hypothetical offshore field. Similar conditions to the newly discovered sub-salt fields offshore Brazil are adopted, i.e. 2500 m water depth and 80°C produced fluid temperature. API 5L specifications table are used for thickness and diameter selection and API RP1111 is employed to design PIP inner pipe. Results indicate that Sandwich Pipes with adequate strength and insulating annular material can generate significant advantages in relation to the PIP system. In addition to the sandwich structure benefit, the initial out-of-roundness maximum diameter directions between inner and outer pipes have a secondary role that produces additional strength for the collapse pressure resistance. Lower steel weight is calculated in all cases, even when the outer pipe is larger. All cases yielded lower submerged weight, which is an important parameter for installation purposes, because less expensive lay vessels may be required.
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Hesketh, Alan, Simon Hogg, and Don Stephen. "A Stage Efficiency Prediction Method and Related Performance Aspects of Retrofits on Disc/Diaphragm Steam Turbines." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40145.
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A general and well established ‘loss-debit’ method of stage-efficiency prediction, based on detailed physical blade-path modelling is described and reviewed in this paper. The continuous evolution of this process within the authors company with R&D support is also described. In particular, and through recent years, the method has been applied in Retrofit Projects, where ‘hardware is changed to improve turbine performance’. Initial retrofit applications have been on our Company’s own machines where we are the OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer). Later this involved ‘upgrading’ part of non-OEM turbines, where dimensional and operational restraints have to be properly accommodated and the consequences on design have to be correctly accounted-for in performance prediction. The accuracy of the method is also examined with respect to application to individual component replacements, such as a specific turbine cylinder in a multi-cylinder steam turbine. It is here that ‘section’ efficiency may have more direct relevance than, say, overall heat rate and the method needs to be more discerning in this respect. Efficiency trends from possible design variants need to be accurately predicted in ‘optimisation studies’ that lead to the final ‘bespoke’ design giving the best techno-economic solution. Accurate trend prediction is, therefore, vital for the success of the method. Verification testing of the ‘performance improvement’ actually achieved in a Retrofit, by a ‘new’ component installed in an otherwise ‘old’ machine, has many special aspects and these are also reviewed in the paper.
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Pearce, Robert, Peter Ireland, Matthew McGilvray, and Eduardo Romero. "Computational Study of the Effect of Inlet Velocity Profile and Rib Orientation on Heat Transfer in Rotating Ribbed Radial Turbine Cooling Passages." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57832.
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This study investigates the effect of inlet velocity profiles and rib orientations on the Nusselt number distribution within ribbed radial turbine cooling passages representative of systems used in current engines. A triple-pass serpentine passage is investigated, which includes rib turbulators angled at 45° and 180° bends. The first two passes are radially outward and inward respectively and both have an aspect ratio of 1:4, with the third pass radially outward with an aspect ratio of 1:2. Multiple inlet velocity profiles are studied in RANS CFD simulations under both stationary and rotating conditions. The rotating simulations have Reynolds, Rotation and Buoyancy numbers representative of a passage within a HP turbine blade of a gas turbine engine. The flow structure and Nusselt number distributions are discussed in detail with the inlet velocity profile found to have a very large influence in the first pass under both stationary and rotating conditions, with smaller differences observed in the later passes. The rib orientation in the second pass was also investigated, with simulations of reversed and non-reversed rib orientation compared. Improved heat transfer characteristics were found in simulations where the ribs were orientated in the same direction for all three passages. These simulations are compared to experimental results in order to explain previous discrepancies found between experimental and CFD data from an experimental setup with complex inlet geometry.
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Vasiliev, Alexander D. "Modeling of Thermal Hydraulics Aspects of Combined Top and Bottom Water Reflood Experiment PARAMETER-SF2 Using SOCRAT 2.1 Code." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-69043.
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The PARAMETER-SF2 test conditions simulated a severe LOCA (Loss of Coolant Accident) nuclear power plant sequence in which the overheated up to 1700÷2300K core would be reflooded from the top and the bottom in occasion of ECCS (Emergency Core Cooling System) recovery. The test was successfully conducted at the NPO “LUTCH”, Podolsk, Russia, in April 3, 2007 and was the second of two experiments to be performed in the frame of ISTC 3194 Project. PARAMETER facility of NPO “LUTCH”, Podolsk, is designed for studies of the VVER fuel assemblies behavior under conditions simulating design basis, beyond design basis and severe accidents. After the maximum cladding temperature of 1750K was reached in the bundle during PARAMETER-SF2 test, the top flooding (flow rate 40g/s) was begun and later approximately in 30 s the bottom flooding (flow rate 100g/s) was initiated. Two-phase (water and steam) flow determined the fuel assembly cooling conditions. The thermal hydraulic and SFD (Severe Fuel Damage) best estimate numerical complex SOCRAT 2.1 was used for the calculation of PARAMETER-SF2 experiment. Thermal hydraulics in PARAMETER-SF2 experiment played very important role and its adequate modeling is important for the thermal analysis. The results obtained by the complex SOCRAT 2.1 were compared with experimental data concerning different aspects of thermal hydraulics behavior including convective and radiative heat transfer in the bundle and the CCFL (counter-current flooding limitation) phenomenon during the reflood. The temperature experimental data were found to be in a good agreement with calculated results. It is indicative of the adequacy of modeling the complicated thermo-hydraulic behavior in the PARAMETER-SF2 test.