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1
Conso, F. "Occupational health aspects of latex allergy." Revue Française d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie Clinique 37, no. 8 (January 1997): 1211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0335-7457(97)80153-0.
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Reshetnikova, Irina, Raila Garipova, and Eduard Baibakov. "Latex Allergy in Health Professionals: Specific Aspects of Diagnostics." BioNanoScience 9, no. 3 (April 26, 2019): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12668-019-00634-y.
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Taylor, James S., and Yung-Hian Leow. "Cutaneous Reactions to Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 73, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 427–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547600.
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Abstract The three major adverse cutaneous reactions to rubber include natural rubber latex allergy, irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. An overview of relevant aspects of the types of natural and synthetic rubber, rubber production, and specific chemicals used in compounding and vulcanization, as well as latex proteins is essential to an understanding of these reactions. Natural rubber latex allergy is a type I, IgE mediated, immediate hypersensitivity reaction to one or more proteins present in natural rubber latex with clinical manifestations ranging from contact urticaria to allergic rhinitis, asthma, and anaphylaxis. Over the past decade, natural rubber latex allergy has become a major medical, occupational health, and medicolegal problem. Individuals at highest risk are patients with spina bifida and health care workers. Diagnosis is based largely on clinical history and examination, and serologic and intracutaneous testing. Irritant contact dermatitis is non-immunologic and is the most common cutaneous reaction to rubber. Cumulative exposure to low-grade irritants impairs the barrier function of the skin and allows penetration of potential irritants and allergens. Diagnosis is based on history of exposure to known irritants, cutaneous examination, and exclusion of allergy. Allergic contact dermatitis is a type IV cell mediated, delayed hypersensitivity reaction which occurs primarily from exposure to rubber chemicals either directly or from residual amounts present in rubber products. Most cases present with an eczematous dermatitis, but purpura, lichenoid dermatitis, and depigmentation occasionally occur. Diagnosis is made on the basis of history, examination, and epicutaneous patch testing with rubber chemicals and rubber products. Treatment is with allergen and irritant avoidance and substitution, environmental control, personal protective equipment and topical and systemic pharmacologic therapy. A unified approach is needed in the diagnosis and treatment of adverse cutaneous reactions to rubber and it is important to remember that some patients may have both contact dermatitis and natural latex allergy. Determining the bioavailability and elicitation threshold of rubber allergens may be helpful in reducing allergic reactions from consumer and industrial rubber products.
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Komiewicz, Denise M., Nantiya Chookaew, Maher El-Masri, Kim Mudd, and Mary Elizabeth Bollinger. "Conversion to Low-Protein, Powder-Free Surgical Gloves: Is it Worth the Cost?" AAOHN Journal 53, no. 9 (September 2005): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990505300904.
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This study was conducted to determine changes in overall costs associated with conversion to powder-free gloves including cost of workers' compensation cases for natural rubber latex (NRL)-related symptoms and health care workers' glove satisfaction. The study, a 2–year, longitudinal design with retrospective and prospective aspects, was developed to determine health care worker use of powder-free, low-protein NRL gloves, sensitization, cost, and glove satisfaction. Informed consent was obtained from 103 health care workers. Prior to glove conversion, nearly one-half (44%, 36 of 82) of the operating room staff reported symptoms related to NRL exposure. At the end of the 14–month data collection period, only 27% (22 of 82, McNemar test = .007) reported symptoms related to NRL exposure. Additionally, a cost savings of $10,000 per year for gloves was evident with reports of increased user satisfaction. This study demonstrated that conversion to the use of powder-free, low-protein NRL gloves not only reduces health care worker NRL symptoms, but also positively affects the costs of glove purchases and workers' compensation.
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da Silva Souza, Bruna, Ana Clara Silva Sales, Francisca Dayane Soares da Silva, Thalis Ferreira de Souza, Cleverson Diniz Teixeira de Freitas, Daniel Fernando Pereira Vasconcelos, and Jefferson Soares de Oliveira. "Latex Proteins from Plumeria pudica with Therapeutic Potential on Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 19 (December 28, 2020): 2011–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557520666200821121903.
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Liver disease is global health problem. Paracetamol (APAP) is used as an analgesic drug and is considered safe at therapeutic doses, but at higher doses, it causes acute liver injury. N-acetyl-p- Benzoquinone Imine (NAPQI) is a reactive toxic metabolite produced by biotransformation of APAP. NAPQI damages the liver by oxidative stress and the formation of protein adducts. The glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the only approved antidote against APAP hepatotoxicity, but it has limited hepatoprotective effects. The search for new drugs and novel therapeutic intervention strategies increasingly includes testing plant extracts and other natural products. Plumeria pudica (Jacq., 1760) is a plant that produces latex containing molecules with therapeutic potential. Proteins obtained from this latex (LPPp), a well-defined mixture of chitinases, proteinases proteinase inhibitors have shown anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antidiarrheal effects as well as a protective effect against ulcerative colitis. These studies have demonstrated that LPPp acts on parameters such as Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and TNF- α IL1-β levels. Since oxidative stress and inflammation have been reported to affect the initiation and progression of liver injury caused by APAP, it is suggested that LPPp can act on aspects related to paracetamol hepatoxicity. This article brings new insights into the potential of the laticifer proteins extracted from the latex of P. pudica and opens new perspectives for the treatment of this type of liver disease with LPPp.
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Dias, Luciana S., Jonatas C. Caldeira, Luiz G. S. R. Bauzer, and José B. P. Lima. "Assessment of Synthetic Membranes for Artificial Blood Feeding of Culicidae." Insects 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12010015.
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Potential pathogen transmission through hematophagy in Culicidae is a major public-health problem, and several studies have been performed to better understand this phenomenon. Research on these insects often requires the maintenance of colonies in the laboratory. Due to the hematophagic habits of these organisms, blood must be provided in order to guarantee the reproduction of individuals that constitute the colonies. Some species of mammals and birds are used as a direct blood source in many laboratories. Due to current bioethical parameters, the direct use of animals has been replaced by artificial blood feeding by using synthetic membranes to simulate animal skin. In this study, the efficiency of collagen and latex in the artificial feeding of mosquitoes of the Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus species was evaluated and compared with Parafilm®, a standard membrane that is frequently used for this purpose. Important aspects of the feeding and reproduction of these insects were considered. For both species, latex showed the poorest performance. Collagen membrane performed well in most parameters, but was not as efficient as Parafilm® for fecundity in Aedes aegypti, and for the percentage of engorged females in Culex quinquefasciatus. We concluded that, although collagen is more resistant and easier to handle, Parafilm® was the most efficient among the three evaluated membranes for the artificial blood feeding of mosquitoes.
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Senekane, Mpinane Flory, Agnes Makhene, and Suzan Oelofse. "Methodology to Investigate Indigenous Solid Waste Systems and Practices in the Rural Areas Surrounding Maseru (Kingdom of Lesotho)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 5355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105355.
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Solid waste management (SWM) is the greatest challenge facing environmental protection and human wellbeing in the rural communities of Maseru (Kingsom of Lesotho). A lack of formal waste management (WM) systems in rural areas of Maseru have resulted in different indigenous systems and practices of SWM. Direct observation and descriptive designs will be employed. This is a mixed methods study of qualitative, quantitative and, non-experimental. We obtained data sets from existing official census and statistics of Maseru. We sampled 693 participants from total population of 6917. We received ethical clearance from Research Ethics committee of Health Sciences at the University of Johannesburg, we recruited six field workers. We have preventive equipment (sanitizers, masks, and sterile latex gloves) for COVID-19 infections in place; we have specific design on caps, masks and bags that will identify field workers as they collect data. We will train field workers, administer questionnaires, interview, and observe participants. STATKON will analyse data. The research will share the results with the Ministry of Environment and the community in Lesotho. The results will also be used to educate the rural communities on improved WM. Where weaknesses are identified, mitigation measures can be evaluated and implemented to rectify the negative aspects and improve the systems and practices. The rural communities face challenges such as waste collection services and sanitation facilities and this fact points out that there is a gap in SWM, which favours the existence of indigenous systems and practice of SWM.
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Nanath, Krishnadas. "LifeSpring Hospitals: a social innovation in Indian healthcare." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111123362.
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Subject area Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP); social innovation and business modeling. Study level/applicability Undergraduate and graduate level management/business school students. It can be taught in marketing management and entrepreneurship/innovation courses. Case overview LifeSpring Hospitals Pvt. Ltd is an expanding chain of hospitals that provide high quality health care to lower-income women and children across Andhra Pradesh. It is a 50-50 equity partnership between Hindustan Latex Ltd and the Acumen Fund. LifeSpring has demonstrated exceptional management principles, some of them being the most innovative and attractive ones. The entire focus of LifeSpring is on one particular niche: maternal care. Some argue about its strategy of not adopting diversification, but LifeSpring has proved its point by actually turning out to be a profitable business. The strategy of focusing on one niche has led to reduction in cost in terms of specialized doctors and the range of equipment needed to serve. Adding to the strategic strength of LifeSpring, its operations (management) is perfectly aligned with the organization's vision and quality is achieved via highly standardized procedures for maternal care service. Expected learning outcomes This case will cover two important aspects of BOP and social innovation. MBA students will investigate an innovative business model and apply their analytical skills to analyse the sustainability of the model. Supplementary materials Teaching notes and exercise for class-based discussion.
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Panaccione, Daniel G., and Christine M. Coyle. "Abundant Respirable Ergot Alkaloids from the Common Airborne Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 6 (June 2005): 3106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.6.3106-3111.2005.
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ABSTRACT Ergot alkaloids are mycotoxins that interact with several monoamine receptors, negatively affecting cardiovascular, nervous, reproductive, and immune systems of exposed humans and animals. Aspergillus fumigatus, a common airborne fungus and opportunistic human pathogen, can produce ergot alkaloids in broth culture. The objectives of this study were to determine if A. fumigatus accumulates ergot alkaloids in a respirable form in or on its conidia, to quantify ergot alkaloids associated with conidia produced on several different substrates, and to measure relevant physical properties of the conidia. We found at least four ergot alkaloids, fumigaclavine C, festuclavine, fumigaclavine A, and fumigaclavine B (in order of abundance), associated with conidia of A. fumigatus. Under environmentally relevant conditions, the total mass of ergot alkaloids often constituted >1% of the mass of the conidium. Ergot alkaloids were extracted from conidia produced on all media tested, and the greatest quantities were observed when the fungus was cultured on latex paint or cultured maize seedlings. The values for physical properties of conidia likely to affect their respirability (i.e., diameter, mass, and specific gravity) were significantly lower for A. fumigatus than for Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, and Stachybotrys chartarum. The demonstration of relatively high concentrations of ergot alkaloids associated with conidia of A. fumigatus presents opportunities for investigations of potential contributions of the toxins to adverse health effects associated with the fungus and to aspects of the biology of the fungus that contribute to its success.
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Oswald, Frank, and Hans-Werner Wahl. "Housing and Health in Later Life." Reviews on Environmental Health 19, no. 3-4 (July 1, 2004): 223–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2004-19-3-405.
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Abstract The goal of this paper is to compile recent data on the housing and health in old age, with special emphasis on geropsychological and gerontological studies. The authors first introduce their understanding of both housing and health. Second, theoretical models that are important to understand better the relation between housing- and health-related outcomes are incorporated into an analytic scheme. Third, data on objective and subjective aspects of housing in old age in relation to healthrelated outcomes are presented. Among the objective functional housing aspects are healthrelevant micro-environmental indicators like housing hazards and amenities, retrofitting and assistive devices, as well as meso- and macroenvironmental indicators like housing type, neighborhood conditions, or urban-rural differences. Relocation is a classic field in environmental gerontology in which drastic environmental change has been linked to health outcomes. Among subjective housing aspects are residential satisfaction, housing-related control beliefs, and meaning of home. Direct health-related outcomes, such as physical and mental diseases and functional limitations, as well as indirect health-related outcomes like satisfaction or well-being receive attention. We conclude with a discussion addressing the environment and health dynamics of aging in the future.
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Jin, Bora, and Elizabeth A. Roumell. "“Getting Used to It, but Still Unwelcome”: A Grounded Theory Study of Physical Identity Development in Later Life." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 10, 2021): 9557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189557.
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Given the global trends toward an aging society and the increased desire for healthy aging in late life, this study examines older adults’ perceptions of aging and their physical identity through their engagement in physical activities. Adopting a grounded theory, we interviewed 15 individuals aged 65 years and older, who were involved in physical activities on a regular basis. This study provided a final model depicting (a) divergent and convergent modes of strategies and socioemotional aspects of physical identity development in later life and (b) different strategies employed between younger-old versus older-old age groups and between participants who have underlying health conditions and those who do not. These findings add a contextual explanation of identity development in later life and stress the recurring process of physical identity development.
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Gostin, Lawrence O. "Public Health, Ethics, and Human Rights: A Tribute to the Late Jonathan Mann." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 29, no. 2 (2001): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2001.tb00330.x.
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The late Jonathan Mann famously theorized that public health, ethics, and human rights are complementary fields motivated by the paramount value of human well-being. He felt that people could not be healthy if governments did not respect their rights and dignity as well as engage in health policies guided by sound ethical values. Nor could people have their rights and dignity if they were not healthy. Mann and his colleagues argued that public health and human rights are integrally connected: Human rights violations adversely affect the community's health, coercive public health policies violate human rights, and advancement of human rights and public health reinforce one another. Despite the deep traditions in public health, ethics, and human rights, they have rarely cross-fertilized—although there exists an important emerging literature. For the most part, each of these fields has adopted its own terminology and forms of reasoning. Consequently, Mann advocated the creation of a code of public health ethics and the adoption of a vocabulary or taxonomy of “dignity violation”.
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Zarwan, Zarwan, and Edwarsyah Edwarsyah. "Pelatihan Penyusunan Gizi Seimbang Bagi Pelatih Pplp Sumatera Barat." Jurnal Berkarya Pengabdian Masyarakat 1, no. 1 (May 20, 2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jba.v1i1.14.
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Nutritional status is the state of health of an individual or group that is determined by the degree of physical need for energy and other nutrients obtained from food and food whose physical impact is set anthropometrically. A person who has a good nutritional status will grow and develop well and healthy, if a person is healthy he will certainly carry out his daily tasks well, good nutritional status is also an important requirement in achieving optimal health, not only marked by the appearance good but also mental and emotional. High and low nutritional status of a person is determined by the intake of food consumed, good nutritional intake is set according to predetermined standards. A good coach will always pay attention to the athlete's condition from all aspects, one of which is from the nutritional aspect. However, not all trainers understand how to regulate balanced nutrition for athletes. That is why there is a need for balanced nutrition management training for trainers which later is expected to be used for athlete nutrition regulation.
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Petrou, Stavros. "Health economic aspects of late preterm and early term birth." Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 24, no. 1 (February 2019): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2018.09.004.
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Toyama, Masahiro, Masahiro Toyama, and Heather R. Fuller. "WHICH ASPECTS OF HEALTH PREDICT LATE-LIFE SOCIAL INTEGRATION OVER TIME?" Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S618—S619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2305.
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Abstract Associations between late-life social integration and health have been found to be reciprocal. The present study focuses on the direction of health predicting social integration as it is not yet fully understood how different aspects of health may affect social integration. Using two-wave data from a community-based sample (N = 413, mean age 80 at baseline), the present study investigates whether depressive symptoms, chronic health conditions, functional limitations, and self-rated health independently predicted multiple dimensions of social integration over two years. The results of multiple regression and path analyses indicated that self-rated health was the most consistent predictor for social integration over time as the other health measures predicted no or fewer dimensions of social integration. Subjective perception of health appeared to have greater implications for social integration over time than more objective health symptoms/conditions. These findings highlight the important role of subjective health for maintaining late-life social integration.
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Ringold, Debra Jones, and John E. Calfee. "The Informational Content of Cigarette Advertising: 1926–1986." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 8, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391568900800101.
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A content analysis of 568 cigarette ads during 1926–86 found that most explicit claims (i.e., statements) are about health, construction, and taste. Consistent with theoretical predictions, and contrary to popular belief, health claims emphasized the negative health aspects of smoking, except when prevented by regulation. Moreover, emphasis in health claims corresponded to the dominant smoking-and-health fears of the time. Health-related claims came in two major waves, first in the late 1920s through the early 1950s, reaching a peak during the cancer scare of the early 1950s, and then again after 1966, when the FTC first allowed tar and nicotine claims, and later required tar and nicotine information and health warnings.
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Soumya, Chippagiri. "The primary health care: true advocate of health." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 4211. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204398.
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The health care delivery system in India faces challenges due to disparity in geographical, cultural and economic aspects. Nonetheless, health is an issue which brings all humans under one umbrella. It is primary health care that lays the foundation on which health of the people are built and protected. Realizing the strengthens of the primary health care system is of utmost importance especially in the era of vaccinations and disease eliminations. This requires for the health system to move towards mass approach and heath protection concept sooner than later. And what better way than the primary health care system?
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Owen, Roger. "The rapid growth of Egypt’s agricultural output, 1890–1914, as an early example of the green revolutions of modern South Asia: some implications for the writing of global history." Journal of Global History 1, no. 1 (March 2006): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022806000052.
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The article uses comparative Indian material from British India and later, the Pakistani Punjab to ask new questions of the standard accounts of Egypt’s post-1890 cotton boom. It also argues for the particular relevance of the rich Punjabi green revolution data to the Egyptian case, and more generally, for the rewards to be obtained from an academic dialog between selected aspects of late nineteenth and of late twentieth century globalization. Topics analyzed include the impact of the various agricultural revolutions on social and regional inequalities, the issue of sustainability, the role of experts and the impact on health of long-term environmental degradation.
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Whitfield, Keith E., Lea Bromell, Gary Bennett, and Christopher L. Edwards. "Biobehavioral Aspects on Late-Life Morbidities." Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics 29, no. 1 (November 1, 2009): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0198-8794.29.57.
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C. N., Prof OkonkworOby. "ISSUES IN HEALTHY AGEING AMONG AFRICAN RURAL WOMEN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 6 (June 30, 2015): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i6.2015.3000.
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Life expectancy has increased considerably and people are continually getting aware of the need to stay young, healthy, active and alive. In order to achieve these as one ages, we need to adopt a healthy life style and diet suitable for each stage of later life. The African culture has its uniqueness due to many factors including the extended family system (EFS) where one is totally dependent on the off-spring and relatives at old age. On the other hand women generally live longer than men thereby creating a situation that provides more old women and widows in the society. Furthermore, the same African culture (like the Igbos of Nigeria) do not encourage old widows to remarry or socialize, thereby placing more economic, socio-psychological and health challenges on the aged women especially in the rural setting where the younger ones have abandoned their villages to migrate to urban areas. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issues of healthy aging among the African rural women. It is never too early or too late to work for healthy aging. Therefore, the health, social, psychological, economic and emotional aspect of life-style adjustment for aging .gracefully and happily shall be discussed. The paper ends with functional recommendations as strategies to equip individuals with useful skills for healthy, happy, active life as one ages.
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Hanson, M. "The birth and future health of DOHaD." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 6, no. 5 (May 25, 2015): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174415001129.
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Professor David Barker, CBE, FRS, made an enormous contribution to biomedical research, which helped to change its direction and assisted translation to clinical medicine in the area of non-communicable disease (NCD). In this paper, I briefly note some of the studies, which led to his work, and describe how the underlying mechanisms came to be investigated by fetal physiologists. This is a unique aspect of the change in scientific emphasis, from a gene-centric and adult lifestyle view of NCD to a more holistic perspective, which placed emphasis on the importance of development that took place in the late 20th century. Early this century, the DOHaD Society was formed: I discuss some aspects of the formation of the Society and note the important role it is now playing in addressing the need to find early-life interventions to reduce NCD. This forms part of the unique legacy that David Barker has left to science and medicine.
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Wood, James W., Patricia L. Johnson, and Kenneth L. Campbell. "Demographic and endocrinological aspects of low natural fertility in highland New Guinea." Journal of Biosocial Science 17, no. 1 (January 1985): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000015479.
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SummaryThe Gainj of highland Papua New Guinea do not use contraception but have a total fertility rate of only 4·3 live births per woman, one of the lowest ever recorded in a natural fertility setting. From an analysis of cross-sectional demographic and endocrinological data, the causes of low reproductive output have been identified in women of this population as: late menarche and marriage, a long interval between marriage and first birth, a high probability of widowhood at later reproductive ages, low effective fecundability and prolonged lactational amenorrhoea. These are combined with near-universal marriage, a low prevalence of primary sterility and a pattern of onset of secondary sterility similar to that found in other populations. Of all the factors limiting fertility, by far the most important are those involved in birth spacing, especially lactational amenorrhoea.
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Besser, Lilah M., Willa D. Brenowitz, Oanh L. Meyer, Serena Hoermann, and John Renne. "Methods to Address Self-Selection and Reverse Causation in Studies of Neighborhood Environments and Brain Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 6484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126484.
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Preliminary evidence suggests that neighborhood environments, such as socioeconomic disadvantage, pedestrian and physical activity infrastructure, and availability of neighborhood destinations (e.g., parks), may be associated with late-life cognitive functioning and risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (ADRD). The supposition is that these neighborhood characteristics are associated with factors such as mental health, environmental exposures, health behaviors, and social determinants of health that in turn promote or diminish cognitive reserve and resilience in later life. However, observed associations may be biased by self-selection or reverse causation, such as when individuals with better cognition move to denser neighborhoods because they prefer many destinations within walking distance of home, or when individuals with deteriorating health choose residences offering health services in neighborhoods in rural or suburban areas (e.g., assisted living). Research on neighborhood environments and ADRD has typically focused on late-life brain health outcomes, which makes it difficult to disentangle true associations from associations that result from reverse causality. In this paper, we review study designs and methods to help reduce bias due to reverse causality and self-selection, while drawing attention to the unique aspects of these approaches when conducting research on neighborhoods and brain aging.
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Eriksson, Johan G. "Developmental pathways and programming of diabetes: epidemiological aspects." Journal of Endocrinology 242, no. 1 (July 2019): T95—T104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-18-0680.
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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major, rapidly increasing global public health challenge. The major risk factors for T2D include overweight and obesity, lifestyle-related factors and genetic factors. Early life exposures shape the developmental trajectories and alter susceptibility to T2D. Based on epidemiological studies it has been suggested that fetal undernutrition plays a role in the etiology of T2D. A low birth weight has been considered a proxy for fetal undernutrition. A meta-analysis reported that a 1 kg increase in birth weight is associated with a roughly 20% lower risk of T2D. Although fetal life is of major importance for future health, the period spanning the first 1000 days of life, is characterized by great plasticity and largely influencing later health. Different growth trajectories during this time period have also been associated with an increased risk of T2D. Studies assessing the association between age at BMI rebound in childhood and later risk for T2D have reported a fivefold difference in T2D according to age at BMI rebound. Developmental and epidemiological cohort studies focusing on T2D have major public health implications supporting a paradigm shift; a shift from focusing upon risk factor modification in adult life to adopting a life course perspective when studying T2D. This paradigm shift will not only help us in getting a better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying T2D, but it will also open new possibilities and opportunities in the prevention of T2D and related disorders.
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Nascimento, Rodolfo Gomes, Ronald Oliveira Cardoso, Denise Siva Pinto, and Celina Colino Magalhães. "Por entre pontes e rios: a imersão nos papeis ocupacionais de idosos ribeirinhos amazônicos/Between bridges and rivers: immersion in the occupational roles of elderly amazonian rivers." Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 3, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto19292.
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Esta criação foi inspirada nos registros fotográficos obtidos no processo de pesquisa de doutorado sobre interações ecológicas entre as condições de saúde e fragilidade, o modo de vida e o contexto ribeirinho amazônico. A abordagem transcultural adotada neste percurso de pesquisa permitiu a utilização de técnicas diferenciadas como a de fotografia. Assim, o acervo de imagens construído e posteriormente analisado de forma crítica e contextualizada pelos pesquisadores auxiliou na compreensão de diversos aspectos subjetivos envolvendo, especialmente, o modo de vida e os papeis ocupacionais desses idosos. Uma das principais percepções alcançadas foi o intenso desempenho das funções cotidianas, quase sempre moldadas por aspectos culturais muito peculiares, o que revelou tanto a preservação da funcionalidade desses idosos, quanto dos papeis ocupacionais nos ambientes domiciliares e/ou sociais, apontando para um envelhecimento nitidamente ativo às margens dos rios amazônicos. Abstract This creation was inspired by the photographic records obtained in the doctoral research process on ecological interactions between health conditions and fragility, the way of life and the Amazonian riverside context. The cross-cultural approach adopted in this research allowed the use of different techniques such as photography. Thus, the collection of images constructed and later analyzed in a critical way and contextualized by the researchers helped in the understanding of several subjective aspects involving, especially, the way of life and the occupational roles of these elderly people. One of the main perceptions reached was the intense performance of everyday functions, almost always shaped by very peculiar cultural aspects, which revealed both the preservation of the functionality of these elderly people and the occupational roles in the home and / or social environments, pointing to a marked aging active on the banks of the Amazonian rivers.Keywords: Health Behavior; Healthy Aging; Photography; Aged; Riverside
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Fider, Carla R. A., Jerry W. Lee, Peter C. Gleason, and Patricia Jones. "Influence of Religion on Later Burden and Health of New Black and White Caregivers." Journal of Applied Gerontology 38, no. 9 (April 6, 2017): 1282–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464817703017.
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Objective: We assessed the relationship between positive aspects of religiosity and reduced stress in caregivers, and negative aspects of religiosity and increased caregiver burden. Method: Using data from the Biopsychosocial Religion and Health Study, we performed multiple linear regression analysis on 584 caregivers. Results: Mental health, but not physical health, was predicted by caregiver burden. Caregivers who viewed God as loving and not controlling and felt a sense of community with their church family had less burden. Caregivers who engaged in negative religious coping had a greater decline in mental health than those who saw God as loving and not controlling and who gave emotional support to others. Discussion: Some aspects of religion appear to play an important role in alleviating the mental stresses of being a caregiver.
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Arber, Sara, Jenny Hislop, Marcos Bote, and Robert Meadows. "Gender Roles and Women's Sleep in Mid and Later Life: A Quantitative Approach." Sociological Research Online 12, no. 5 (September 2007): 182–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1609.
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Women in mid and later life report particularly poor quality sleep. This article suggests a sociologically-informed quantitative approach to teasing out the impact of women's roles and relationships on their sleep, while also taking into account women's socio-economic characteristics and health status. This was accomplished through analysis of the UK Women's Sleep Survey 2003, based on self-completion questionnaires from a national sample of 1445 women aged over 40. The article assesses the ways in which three central aspects of women's gender roles: the night-time behaviours of their partners, night-time behaviours of their children, and night-time worries – impact on women's sleep, while also considering how disadvantaged socio-economic circumstances and poor health may compromise women's sleep. Using bivariate analysis followed by hierarchical multiple regression models, we examine the relative importance of different aspects of women's gender roles. The key factors implicated in the poor sleep quality of midlife and older women are their partner's snoring, night-time worries and concerns, poor health status (especially experiencing pain at night), disadvantaged socio-economic status (especially having lower educational qualifications) and for women with children, their children coming home late at night.
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Kandel, Isack, and Joav Merrick. "Late Termination of Pregnancy. Professional Dilemmas." Scientific World JOURNAL 3 (2003): 903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2003.81.
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Abortion is an issue as long as history and hotly debated in all societies and communities. In some societies and countries it is legal, while other countries have no legal basis, and some countries have made it a crime. Today up to 90% of abortions take place in the first trimester, about 9% in the second trimester, and the rest in the third trimester.This paper deals with the issue of late termination of pregnancy, the practical medical aspects, legal issues, international aspects, and the dilemma for the professional.In early history, abortion was accepted by clergy and societies, but in recent history it is more restricted and in some countries prohibited. It does not seem that restriction leads to a lower abortion rate, but rather an active contraceptive policy, campaign, and availability to prevent pregnancies that are unwanted. In countries where abortion is restricted, the trend has been an increase in illegal abortion that leads to unsafe abortion with complications, permanent injuries, and maternal mortality.Unsafe and illegal abortion is a public health concern that governments should try to prevent and instead find ways to strengthen their commitments toward better and safer health and family planning services for women.Late termination of pregnancies is an issue of grave concern with many practical medical aspects, ethical questions, and professional dilemmas. This is especially of concern because of the viability of the fetus and should only take place in order to prevent harm to the physical and mental health of the mother or due to an anomaly or disability of the fetus.
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Arborelius, Elisabeth, and Ditte Lindell. "Psychological Aspects of Early and Late Discharge after Hospital Delivery." Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 17, no. 1 (April 1989): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/140349488901700115.
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Thambirajah, M. S. "Developmental dyslexia: clinical aspects." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 16, no. 5 (September 2010): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.108.006239.
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SummaryDevelopmental dyslexia (reading disability) is a specific impairment in learning to read that affects 3–6% of school children in English-speaking countries. It is overrepresented in clinical populations referred to child and adolescent mental health services because of its high comorbidity with conduct disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and other developmental disorders. Clinicians may fail to identify it unless they maintain a high degree of awareness and make specific inquiries. A three-stage approach (routine screening, in-depth examination and referral for further testing) is described. The features of dyslexia and the clues to its diagnosis are discussed. A number of simple tests for identifying it are available and familiarity with these should improve diagnostic accuracy. In addition to treating psychiatric comorbidity, the clinician can help the child by working with educational professionals to ensure that educational needs are met. Evidence-based early interventions are available. Later reading interventions improve reading but rarely bring about normalisation.
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Park, John M., and Michael G. Holliday. "Occupational-health Aspects of Marine Oil-spill Response." Pure and Applied Chemistry 71, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199971010113.
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Introduction: This chapter addresses chemical aspects of occupational health and marine oil-spill response and is restricted to exposures to crude oil in its various forms. Thus in-situ burning of oil is included, but ancillary chemicals such as surfactants or bioremediation agents are not. The content of this chapter is largely based on the literature published after 1985, the date of a comprehensive review conducted by Politzer et al. [1985] for the American Petroleum Institute, and on a review carried out for the Marine Spill Response Corporation early in 1993 [Holliday and Park, 1993].Concern about health and safety is a normal part of every oil spill. In general, safety is easier to understand and address than are concerns about exposure to crude oil and other chemicals which might be used in the response. At one level, human exposure can be addressed through the enforcement of very conservative requirements for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). In the real world, however, conditions at a spill site make the use of such equipment inconvenient or even hazardous, and so the goal becomes to balance the risk from exposure with the appropriate level of PPE.While oil-spill cleanup is a comparatively new aspect of occupational-health practice, and dates from the formalization of response measures by companies and national and international agencies (something that occurred over the last 30 years), exposure to crude oil itself is a "mature" occupational-health matter. Workers have been exposed, both by inhalation and dermally, to the effects of crude oil for the past century. The exposure of response workers during the early phases of the oil-spill response can be likened to that experienced by oil-well-drilling crews and, to a lesser extent, by oil-well-maintenance personnel or fighters of oil-well fires. In contrast, exposures in the later stages of the cleanup are less clearly related to occupations within the oil industry. The crude oil will have been altered by weathering, and exposure to cleanup chemicals (e.g., dispersants, bioremediation agents) will become relatively more prominent. Such substances are beyond the scope of this chapter, and in any event, few data are available on the compositions or mammalian toxicity of dispersants. Although there are frequent references to toxicity in connection with dispersants, these invariably seem to refer to ecotoxicity. Human hazard does not appear to be an issue. For example, in a recently published paper entitled, "Effectiveness and safety of biosurfactants as agents of oil spill response" [Lepo et al., 1997], "safety" refers to possible toxicity to crustaceans and fish.
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Wolf, Alexander Karsten, Heike Thiele, Markus Haar, Stefanie Kortekamp, and Andrea Braun von Reinersdorff. "Formalization of informally acquired competences as part of academic certificate programs in healthcare – “prototype” of a model / Formalisierung informell erworbener Kompetenzen im Rahmen akademischer Zertifikatsprogramme im Gesundheitsbereich – „Prototyp“ eines Modells." International Journal of Health Professions 3, no. 1 (May 10, 2016): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijhp-2016-0007.
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AbstractThe health care sector is facing many aspects of transformation. One aspect amongst others herein is an alteration of qualification profiles. Universities have to focus on both aspects determining future qualification profiles and increasing permeability between educational systems in a sense of optimally intermeshing competences that have been acquired at universities and those that have been acquired outside of them. This leads to the question how to create university certificate programs that offers two aspects: academic qualification on the one hand and on the other hand a possibility to identify, evaluate and certify non-formally and informally acquired competences of participating students. The ultimate goal is to identify and evaluate a person´s overall competence in a clearly defined thematic context, whereat competences that have been acquired outside universities will play an important role. Competences that have been certified by these academic programs may be used later for crediting purposes. In this report an initial prototype is being presented. It defines itself mainly as additional novel way of discussing crediting concepts.
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Souza, Clélia Marta Casellato de, Lilian Maria Cristofani, Ana Lucia Beltrati Cornacchioni, Vicente Odone Filho, and Evelyn Kuczynski. "Comparative study of quality of life of adult survivors of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia and Wilms’ tumor." Einstein (São Paulo) 13, no. 4 (October 30, 2015): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3231.
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Abstract Objective To analyze and compare the health-related quality of life of adult survivors of acute lymphocytic leukemia and Wilms’ tumor amongst themselves and in relation to healthy participants. Methods Ninety participants aged above 18 years were selected and divided into three groups, each comprising 30 individuals. The Control Group was composed of physically healthy subjects, with no cancer history; and there were two experimental groups: those diagnosed as acute lymphocytic leukemia, and those as Wilms’ Tumor. Quality of life was assessed over the telephone, using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Results Male survivors presented with better results as compared to female survivors and controls in the Vitality domain, for acute lymphocytic leukemia (p=0.042) and Wilms’ tumor (p=0.013). For acute lymphocytic leukemia survivors, in Social aspects (p=0.031), Mental health (p=0.041), and Emotional aspects (p=0.040), the latter also for survivors of Wilms’ tumor (p=0.040). The best results related to the Functional capacity domain were recorded for the experimental group that had a late diagnosis of acute lymphocytic leukemia. There were significant differences between groups except for the Social and Emotional domains for self-perceived health, with positive responses that characterized their health as good, very good, and excellent. Conclusion Survivors of acute lymphocytic leukemia showed no evidence of relevant impairment of health-related quality of life. The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (via telephone) can be a resource to access and evaluate survivors.
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Hodgdon, Barbara, and Jen Wong. "The Impacts of Discrimination and Filial Caregivers’ Age on Aspects of Physical Health." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1159.
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Abstract Filial caregivers (e.g., individuals caring for a parent or parent-in-law) are a part of the growing number of family caregivers in midlife and late adulthood. The responsibilities that filial caregivers navigate in midlife and late adulthood may expose them to multiple types of discrimination that may decrease their physical health, though this relationship has been understudied. As numbers of family caregivers grow, it is important to examine the potential vulnerability of younger and older filial caregivers’ physical health in the context of discrimination. Informed by the life course perspective, this study compares the physical health of younger (aged 34-64) and older (aged 64-74) filial caregivers who experience discrimination. Filial caregivers (N=270; Mage=53; SD=9.37) from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS-II) Survey reported on demographics, family caregiving, daily discrimination, self-rated physical health, and chronic conditions via questionnaires and phone interviews. Regression analyses showed no differences between younger and older adults’ self-rated physical health or average chronic conditions. However, moderation analyses revealed that younger filial caregivers who experienced greater discrimination reported poorer self-rated physical health than their older counter parts as well as younger and older filial caregivers who experienced less discrimination. Additionally, younger caregivers with greater discrimination exposure exhibited more number of chronic conditions as compared to other caregivers. The study results highlight the impact of the intersection between filial caregivers’ age and discrimination on physical health. Findings have the potential to inform programs that could promote the health of filial caregivers in the face of discrimination.
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PETTIGREW, SIMONE, ELISSA BURTON, KAELA FARRIER, ANNE-MARIE HILL, LIZ BAINBRIDGE, PHIL AIREY, GILL LEWIN, and KEITH D. HILL. "Encouraging older people to engage in resistance training: a multi-stakeholder perspective." Ageing and Society 39, no. 8 (April 10, 2018): 1806–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x1800034x.
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AbstractResistance training is an important aspect of healthy ageing, yet participation rates are especially low among older people. Strategies are needed to ensure resistance training programmes are attractive to and appropriate for this target group. To inform the development of such strategies, individual interviews (N = 42) and focus groups (four groups, N = 37) were conducted with 79 Western Australians representing four stakeholder groups: instructors who deliver resistance training programmes to older people, health practitioners, policy makers and seniors. Results indicate that the need for personalised attention in the establishment and maintenance phases of a resistance training programme can constitute both a positive and negative aspect of older people's experiences. The negative aspects were identified as a series of tensions between the need for personalised attention and (a) the desire to participate in physical activity within social groups, (b) a preference for activity variation, (c) a dislike for large centres where personalised guidance is often available yet the surroundings can be considered unappealing, (d) cost issues and (e) the need for flexibility in attendance. Recommended strategies for overcoming these tensions include disseminating information about the benefits of resistance training in later life to increase motivation to participate, identifying additional methods of integrating resistance training into group exercise formats, making gyms more attractive to older people and providing non-gym alternatives for resistance training.
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Zhuravleva, V. I., V. S. Kuryatnikova, and F. M. Sabirova. "Clinical aspects of the use of the drug Depo-Provera." Kazan medical journal 79, no. 4 (July 15, 1998): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj64483.
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Family planning and maintaining the health of women are the most important problems of modern medicine. The high frequency of abortions and complications associated with them make it urgent to find the most effective and safe methods of preventing pregnancy, including through reliable and safe contraception in women of late reproductive age.
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Mund, Marcus, and Franz J. Neyer. "Loneliness effects on personality." International Journal of Behavioral Development 43, no. 2 (October 3, 2018): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025418800224.
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Individuals feel lonely when they perceive a discrepancy between their desired and their actually experienced quantity and quality of social relationships. Prior research has demonstrated the importance of loneliness for various health-related aspects. In the present article, we extend the existing literature on loneliness by investigating its role for predicting personality traits and their development from late adolescence to early midlife. Using data from a representative German sample ( N = 12,402) sampling individuals from three different birth cohorts, we found loneliness to predict the levels of all Big Five traits except openness five years later. The effects of loneliness on the development of neuroticism and extraversion reached statistical significance but were only marginal in terms of effect size. Furthermore, we found that a self-regulatory focus geared to the prevention of negative events mediated the effects of loneliness on later levels of the Big Five.
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Tinti, Maria Giulia, Angelo De Cata, and Vincenzo Carnevale. "Nutritional aspects of bone health: Not only a matter of vitamin D." Beyond Rheumatology 1, no. 1 (May 6, 2019): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/br.2019.2.
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In every stage of life an adequate intake of several micro- and macro-nutrients can favorably affect bone health. In pre-adult life an adequate consumption of such nutrients is essential to build peak bone mass. Later in life, a correct nutrition has a role in maintaining skeletal mass and blunt menopause- and age-related bone loss. The main involved nutrients are calcium, phosphate, vitamin D and proteins. Recent data also stress the relevance of flavonoids and other micro-nutrients. The skeletal availability of single nutritional factors also relies to their reciprocal proportion in diet composition. An adequate nutrition plays a relevant role in the maintenance of bone health throughout life, but should not be regarded as a treatment for osteoporosis.
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Hodge, James G., Lawrence O. Gostin, Kristine Gebbie, and Deborah L. Erickson. "Transforming Public Health Law: The Turning Point Model State Public Health Act." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 1 (2006): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00010.x.
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Protecting the public's health has recently regained prominence in political and public discussions. Threats of bioterrorism following September 11, 2001 and the deliberate dissemination of anthrax later that fall, the reemergence of novel or resurgent infectious diseases, (such as the West Nile Virus, SARS, influenza, avian flu) and rapid increases in diseases associated with sedentary lifestyles, poor diets, and smoking (e.g., heart disease, diabetes, cancer) have all raised the profile of public health. The U.S. government has responded with increased funding, reorganization, and new policies for the population's health, safety, and security. Politicians and the public more clearly understand the importance of law in improving the public's health. Recognizing that many public health laws have not been meaningfully reformed in decades, law- and policy-makers and public health practitioners have focused on the legal foundations for public health. Laws provide the mission, functions, and powers of public health agencies, set standards for their (and their partners’) actions, and safeguard individual rights.
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Janick, Jules, Marie Christine Daunay, and Harry Paris. "Horticulture and Health in the Middle Ages: Images from the Tacuinum Sanitatis." HortScience 45, no. 11 (November 2010): 1592–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.11.1592.
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Lavishly illustrated late 14th century manuscripts known as the Tacuinum Sanitatis, a guide for healthy living, were based on an 11th century Arabic manuscript known as the Taqwim al-Sihha bi al-Ashab al-Sitta (Rectifying Health by Six Causes) written by the physician and philosopher Ibn Butlan (d. 1063). The expensive, illustrated Tacuinum Sanitatis tomes portray a utopian feudal society in which nobles are engaged in play and romance while feudal laborers work the estate. Rich in horticultural imagery, they include vivid scenes of the harvest of vegetables, fruits, flowers, and culinary and medicinal herbs. Each scene is accompanied by a brief summary of the health aspects of the subject. Although medieval medicine was based on ancient philosophical concepts of Greek sciences, particularly Hippocrates and Galen, these documents connect vegetables and fruits with human health and well-being, similar to modern medicine. Hence, the present-day focus on the connection between horticulture and health can be seen as an extension of ancient and medieval regimens for a healthy lifestyle.
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Norman, RJ, L. Moran, and MJ Davies. "Nutritional aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome." Reproductive Medicine Review 9, no. 2 (March 2001): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962279901000217.
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There is ample evidence from animal and human observations that extremes of body weight influence reproductive processes. Women who are under a certain weight or body mass index are less likely to cycle regularly, have more difficulty in getting pregnant and have smaller babies. Those who are overweight also suffer serious reproductive problems in that they have a greater risk of oligo- or amenorrhoea, infertility and gestational diabetes. Several large epidemiological studies indicate that reproduction is adversely affected by excess weight. Two of the largest studies (Nurses' Health Study and the British Birth Cohort Study) that convincingly show that being overweight impairs menstrual and fertility function indicate that the greater the body weight and body mass index (BMI), the more significant the effect. Being overweight in adolescence appears to affect reproductive function later in life.
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Grinyer, Anne. "Ethical Dilemmas in Nonclinical Health Research from a UK Perspective." Nursing Ethics 8, no. 2 (March 2001): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973300100800205.
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This article examines the ethical dilemmas faced by professional and academic researchers in the health field who undertake nonclinical or social research among patients or staff. The experiences of health researchers and health professionals in the UK are directly relevant to those undertaking similar health-related research in other parts of the world at a time when nonclinical research in health care is becoming widespread in all countries and cultures. This article addresses ethical dilemmas as they relate to researchers’ ability to maintain confidentiality, their commitment to the welfare of respondents, and the tensions that arise from undertaking research for an employer. In addition, the danger of conducting covert research inadvertently may present unexpected ethical problems, which are discussed. Although it is impossible to provide a policy document to address all ethical dilemmas, this article does attempt to address the question of how best to approach health-related research in order to minimize the possibility of running into ethical problems at a later stage.
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Asirot, Mary Grace, Anna Papazyan, and Yeonsu Song. "Positive Aspects of Caregiving Among Family Caregivers of Individuals With Dementia." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1153.
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Abstract Traditionally, caregiving for individuals with dementia has been viewed as a negative experience. Understanding positive aspect of caregiving and related factors is important to improve health among family caregivers. We analyzed baseline data from an ongoing dyadic sleep education trial for individuals with dementia and their caregivers (N=21 dyads; mean age 70.8± 11.1 for caregivers, 80.5± 8.3 for care-recipients). The Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC 9-item) was used to assess subjective satisfaction with caregiving. Other measures included Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), SF-12 Health Survey (SF-12v2), Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Pearson correlations and t-tests were calculated for analyses. Caregivers most frequently endorsed that caregiving enabled them to appreciate life more (n=16 agreed a lot). Caregivers who began providing care within the first few months of the care-recipient needing care (n=16) had greater positive aspects of caregiving than those who started providing care sometime later (n=5) (36.37±7.33 versus 25.8±8.29, p=0.01). Caregivers with higher PAC scores had lower ZBI score (r=-0.49, p=0.02), better mental health on the SF-12v2 (r=0.53, p=0.01), less distress related to care-recipient behaviors on the RMBPC (r=-0.50, p=0.02), and lower PSQI subscale (perceived sleep quality) score (r= -0.46, p=0.04). Findings suggest that higher positive caregiving experience was associated with better mental health and sleep quality, and less burden and distress from the care-recipients behaviors. More research is needed to better understand this relationship and to determine possible interventions to increase positive aspects of caregiving.
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Dickens, Chris M., Linda McGowan, Carol Percival, Barbara Tomenson, Lawrence Cotter, Anthony Heagerty, and Francis H. Creed. "Contribution of depression and anxiety to impaired health-related quality of life following first myocardial infarction." British Journal of Psychiatry 189, no. 4 (October 2006): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.018234.
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BackgroundThe extent to which depression impairs health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the physically ill has not been clearly established.AimsTo quantify the adverse influence of depression and anxiety assessed at the time of first myocardial infarction and 6 months later, on the physical aspect of HRQoL 12 months after the infarction.MethodIn all, 260 in-patients, admitted following first myocardial infarction, completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Medical Outcomes Study SF–36 assessment before discharge and at 6- and 12-month follow-up.ResultsDepression and anxiety 6 months after myocardial infarction predicted subsequent impairment in the physical aspects of HRQoL (attributable adjusted R2=9%, P<0.0005). These negative effects of depression and anxiety on outcome were mediated by feelings of fatigue. Depression and anxiety present before myocardial infarction did not predict HRQoL 12 months after myocardial infarction.ConclusionsDetection and treatment of depression and anxiety following myocardial infarction improve the patient's health-related quality of life.
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Murphy, Coleen, and Saul Villeda. "Cognitive Aging: New Insights Into How Our Brains Age." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2626.
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Abstract Maintaining quality of life with age is as important as slowing human aging. Slowing cognitive decline will be a critical aspect of keeping older adults healthy as we extend lifespan. To that end, identifying the molecular regulators of neuronal health, including learning and memory, in model systems that can later be applied to humans is an important step. In this symposium, we will hear about work on cognitive decline and its prevention being done in a variety of model systems.
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Cullum, C. M., R. K. Heaton, M. J. Harris, and D. V. Jeste. "Neurobehavioral and neurodiagnostic aspects of late-onset psychosis." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 9, no. 5 (January 1, 1994): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/9.5.371.
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EDMONDSON, RICCA. "Wisdom in later life: ethnographic approaches." Ageing and Society 25, no. 6 (April 22, 2005): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x04003320.
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The concept of wisdom, popularly associated with the idea of old age, was neglected during the 20th century. It has recently revived as a matter of academic concern, but remains imperfectly understood. This article therefore begins to explore both the concept of wisdom and some forms we might expect wise behaviour to take. It emphasises the contemporary relevance of historical approaches through an examination of Hebrew and Greek writing on wisdom. Recent contributions from psychology develop aspects of these traditions; but studying wisdom ethnographically also substantially expands our understanding of what wisdom is. An ethnographic interview from Austria exemplifies social as well as psychological aspects of wisdom, showing that part of the meaning of wisdom resides in its effects on a social setting. Aspects of discourse in rural Ireland, when interpreted in the light of maxim-related wisdom traditions, extend this claim, showing more about how wise interventions activate wisdom in the society surrounding them. Other ethnographic cases also develop this notion of wisdom as based on social interaction, by exploring its effects. If we face the methodological challenges entailed in tracing wisdom ethnographically, we enhance our understanding of the concept itself and stress the fruitfulness of the idea of wisdom as an attainment of the lifecourse.
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HARPER, SARAH. "Ageing 2000—questions for the 21st century." Ageing and Society 20, no. 1 (January 2000): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x99009265.
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‘Ageing of the population is … one of the most important socioeconomic challenges … for the 21st Century’ Andrej Wojrczak, Director, WHO Centre Health Development, Japan.This statement (WHO 1998: 5), reflects the growing awareness among politicians, policy makers and the general public of issues which have been recognised by gerontologists for the past 30 years or so. In both developed and less developed countries, demographic transition and the shift in the age structure of the population is now being publicly recognised as having fundamental implications for everyone in society. As British gerontology enters a new century, the time appears ripe to reflect on past achievements and highlight some future questions. In the following discussion I consider ageing and later life, discussing both societal and individual ageing, and the experiences, needs and contributions of those in later life. The paper focuses on social gerontology, defined as social, behavioural, historical, demographic and economic aspects of the study of ageing and later life, including the interface of these with health and health services. It thus touches upon medical and biological aspects only when they are of appropriate relevance.
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Puchkova, A. N., and M. G. Poluektov. "Sleep as a biological rhythm: clinical aspects." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 2 (March 22, 2021): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-2-56-61.
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Insomnia is a widespread disorder affecting not only sleep quantity and quality, but also daytime well-being and performance, as well as having a negative impact on physical and mental health. Many people have problems falling asleep and maintaining sleep that do not reach the clinical criteria of insomnia. For all the prevalence of such sleep disorders, specialists often overlook a fundamentally important factor that affects sleep and wakefulness cycle, ease of falling asleep and daytime performance. These are circadian rhythms of the body under the control of the biological clock.This review highlights the specifics of the human biological clock and its relationship to insomnia and complaints of poor sleep. The phenomenon of the human chronotype as a set of individual preferences in sleep-wake rhythm is considered. Late chronotype, tat tends to wake up late and be active in the evening turns out to be the most vulnerable to the appearance of complaints of poor sleep and development of insomnia. This result is typical for different age groups. The reason for problems sleep for the late chronotype is the need to adjust to social demands and to fall asleep and wake up too early relative to the phase of one’s own circadian rhythm.Circadian rhythms may contribute to the formation and maintenance of insomnia. Both chronic and acute insomnia may have a chronobiological component that is not always considered. Late chronotype may be a factor further exacerbating the course of insomnia. The regularity of circadian rhythms may also be impaired in insomnia.The importance of the biological clock in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness also explains the successful approach to insomnia treatment with melatonin, which plays an important signaling role in the circadian regulation of the body.
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Freitag, Simone, Elmar Braehler, Silke Schmidt, and Heide Glaesmer. "The impact of forced displacement in World War II on mental health disorders and health-related quality of life in late life – a German population-based study." International Psychogeriatrics 25, no. 2 (September 24, 2012): 310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610212001585.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Long-term effects of World War II experiences affect psychological and physical health in aged adults. Forced displacement as a traumatic event is associated with increased psychological burden even after several decades. This study investigates the contribution of forced displacement as a predictor for mental health disorders and adds the aspect of health-related quality of life (QoL).Method: A sample of 1,659 German older adults aged 60–85 years was drawn from a representative survey. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), somatoform symptoms, depressive syndromes, and health-related QoL were assessed as outcome variables. Chi-square and t-test statistics examined differences between displaced and non-displaced people. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the impact of forced displacement on mental health disorders and QoL.Results: Displaced people reported higher levels of PTSD, depressive and somatoform symptoms, and lower levels of health-related QoL. Displacement significantly predicted PTSD and somatoform symptoms in late life, but not depressive disorders. Health-related QoL was predicted by forced displacement and socio-demographic variables.Conclusion: Forced displacement is associated with an elevated risk for PTSD and somatoform symptoms and lowered health-related QoL in aged adults. Its unique impact declines after including socio-demographic variables. Long-term consequences of forced displacement need further investigations and should include positive aspects in terms of resilience and protective coping strategies.