Academic literature on the topic 'Latin grammarians'
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Journal articles on the topic "Latin grammarians"
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Zago, Anna. "Mytacism in Latin grammarians." Journal of Latin Linguistics 17, no. 1 (2018): 23–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joll-2018-0002.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the different definitions of the so-called mytacism in Latin grammarians (from the early imperial period to twelth-century treatises), starting from an assessment of the textual basis of their statements. Mytacism is a vitium orationis which affects the phonetic realization of the final group vowel + [m] when followed by another vowel; mytacism also raises various phonetic and rhetorical issues such as weakening of the sound [m], nasalization of the preceding vowel, elision and hiatus. Two competing theories in modern scholarship (weak nasal consonant versus nasalized vowel) try to explain the pronunciation of the final group vowel+[m] followed by another vowel; however, ancient grammar does not possess a theoretical and terminological framework stringent enough to give an accurate phonetic description of this sound. Finally, the paper argues that mytacism is a linguistic mistake associated with the ancient perception of word boundary; its varying definitions allow us to recognize at least an elementary “phonological awareness” in ancient grammatical doctrines.
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Pultrová, Lucie. "Ancient Latin grammarians on suppletion." Journal of Latin Linguistics 20, no. 1 (2021): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joll-2021-2018.
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Abstract The term “suppletion”, introduced by Osthoff (1899. Vom Suppletivwesen der indogermanischen Sprachen. Heidelberg: Universitätsbuchdruckerei Hörning), was traditionally used to refer to an inflectional paradigm containing forms based on two or more etymologically different stems. In the last decades, however, it has been argued that etymology does not contribute to our understanding of the phenomenon, and it should be strictly defined on synchronic terms: simply as the peak point on the formal irregularity scale, regardless of the actual origin of the irregularity. Under this approach, all forms reported by speakers as two potentially different lexical items are considered to be suppletive. To be able to determine what users of a living language consider to be a case of suppletion, it is possible to analyze data collected from speakers. The situation is considerably more difficult for dead languages, which however have played an important role in the debate and provided many of the canonical examples. As a closest equivalent to eliciting the required information from a native speaker, the informed but from the present-day perspective naïve expressions of linguistic introspection in the works of Late Latin Grammarians, namely their use of specific terms (defectivum, anomalum, inaequale) to refer to different degrees and lexical examples of irregularity, are highly valuable, as it also may reflect the difficulties confronted by non-native learners.
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Walvoort, Hendrik Christiaan. "Declension of the Latin present participle in connection with its syntactico-semantic use." Journal of Latin Linguistics 17, no. 1 (2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joll-2018-0001.
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AbstractThis paper deals with the declension of the Latin present active participle (ppa), which shows several inconsistencies: the ablative singular for instance may end in -eor in -i(sapiente, sapienti) and the genitive plural may end in -umor -ium(sapientum, sapientium). Some grammarians, notably modern ones, assume that there are syntactico-semantic considerations or circumstances, leading to ablative -eending when verbal force is intended (such as in the ablative absolute) or substantival force, and to -iending when there is nominal, notably adjectival force. I have investigated whether ancient, medieval and modern grammarians treat such a phenomenon. In addition, I looked for inconsistencies in the grammarian’s own ppa declension from this syntactico-semantic point of view. It turns out that ancient and medieval grammarians do not formulate declension of the ppa according to its syntactico-semantic function, with the exception of the anonymous author of theArs Ambrosiana, nor do they decline their own ppa’s according to a conventional rule of this kind. This calls for other explanations regarding the declensional inconsistencies observed. Some of the ppa forms may reflect a temporary phenomenon which would have disappeared in due course through diachronic evolution and paradigm leveling. Some forms may have persisted because of their frequency and idiomatic force or because of the compelling analogy with other words and phrases. But these ppa declensional variations do not appear to conform to a syntactico-semantic rule.
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Jones, Christopher P. "Grammarians and Emperors." Mnemosyne 75, no. 1 (2022): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-bja10136.
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Abstract The Greek γραµµατικός combined several functions: as editor and expounder of texts, linguist, librarian, lecturer, courtier and sometimes as ambassador for his monarch or city. In due course Latin-speaking grammatici applied philological skills developed at Alexandria to their own literature, and served as librarians in the great libraries of the imperial period. The present paper studies some Greek γραµµατικοί active in Rome, particularly Alexander of Cotiaeon, appointed by Antoninus Pius as tutor to the princes Marcus and Lucius, and also the teacher of Aelius Aristides. As Aristides’ tribute to him shows, Alexander was not only a notable critic and influential teacher, but acted as a benefactor (εὐεργέτης) of his native city, in this respect comparable to the sophists who were his contemporaries.
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Kaster, Robert A. "The Insular Latin Grammarians. By Vivien Law." Historiographia Linguistica 12, no. 3 (1985): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.12.3.10kas.
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Chernysheva, Vlada A. "The Concept of Inchoativity in Works of Latin Grammarians." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 466 (2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/466/5.
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This article touches upon the idea of inchoativity in the works of Roman grammarians. It aims to observe the development of the usage of the term inchoativus in the Roman grammatical tradition. The study is based on Latin grammatical treatises dating back to the 3rd-7th centuries A.D., the most part of which was published by Heinrich Keil in the second half of the 19th century. Besides Keil's edition, the article refers to recent editions of grammatical treatises. The study was conducted using three digital textual databases including Corpora Corporum, Digital Library of Latin Texts, and PHI Latin Texts. The Latin adjective inchoativus (or inco-hativus, а less common spelling), which literally means ‘inceptive, initial', is attested in three meanings and is used in collocations concerning verbal tense, verbal inflection, and conjunctions respectively. The first two usages were widespread and refer to verbal categories, while the last one is attested only once. The article is divided into two parts. The first one discusses collocations with types of verbal tense such as gradus ‘grade, degree', distantia ‘distance', differentia ‘difference', discertio ‘difference', species ‘aspect' and tempus ‘tense' itself. The second part deals with Roman grammatical categories including forma ‘form', qualitas ‘quality', species ‘aspect', genus ‘voice', figura ‘figure'. The study draws a conclusion that the adjective inchoativus/incohativus is used with categories of tense and aspect only in the works of early grammarians including Probus, Sacerdos, Diomedes, Charisius, and PseudoProbus. However, these grammarians also mention this term with regard to verb forms ending in -sco. Mostly, inchoativity is bound with the Roman verbal category of forma, which can be observed in the works by Dositheus, Phocas, Eutyches, Audax, Pseudo-Victorinus, Donatus and his commentators Sergius, Servius, Pompeius, Cledonius, and Julian of Toledo, and species (Macrobius, Priscian), which is not to be confused with the species of tense mentioned above. Pseudo-Asper is the only Roman grammarian who exceptionally puts inchoativity into the category of figura and spells inchoativus as incohativus. If the category of forma is absent, inchoativity is reckoned to be a verbal quality (Diomedes). Inchoativity is included into the category of voice in case voice is regarded as a subcategory of quality (Sacerdos, Pseudo-Probus, and Cledonius). In respect to forms ending in -sco, inchoativity is a manifestation of the so-called grammatical category of quality.
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Oniga, Renato, and Alessandro Re. "L’analyse synchronique des composés nominaux du latin hier et aujourd’hui." L'antiquité classique 86, no. 1 (2017): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/antiq.2017.3907.
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Synchronical Analysis of the Nominal Compounds in Latin : Yesterday and Today – The study of nominal compounds in classical antiquity shows some similarities with contemporary linguistics, especially generative grammar. Ancient grammarians wished to develop a synchronic typology based on the inflectional features of the two members of the compound and the presence of the derivation. The introduction of syntactic criteria and the identification of the special characteristics of bahuvrīhi compounds are the main achievements of the Indian grammarians. Starting from a fundamentally Sanskrit typology, Latin linguistics in the 19th and 20th century attempted to develop new theories.
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Poppe, Erich. "Latin grammatical categories in the vernacular." Historiographia Linguistica 18, no. 2-3 (1991): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.18.2-3.02pop.
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Summary The grammatical category ‘declension’ cannot be applied to Welsh substantive nouns since they have one form only for the singular and the plural respectively. But some Welsh grammarians of the 16th and 17th centuries tried to use this category to classify substantive nouns by proposing new definitions, based on the system of plural formation (Robert 1567) or on the system of initial mutations (Rhys 1592; Salesbury 1593). The latter approach formed a short-lived ‘paradigm’ in Welsh grammaticography with a dynamism of its own. It became divorced from the classification of nouns only and was applied to all words which undergo initial mutations (Davies 1621). The history of the definitions of declension in Welsh grammaticography is thus an instructive example of the changes grammatical categories can undergo when applied to a specific vernacular and of the creativity of the vernacular grammarians.
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Hovdhaugen, Even. "Genera verborum quot sunt?" Historiographia Linguistica 13, no. 2-3 (1986): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.13.2-3.10hov.
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Summary This article is a study of how Roman grammarians treated a specific grammatical problem, viz., the description and classification of verbal gender in Latin. The results show that various theories were put forward and various possibilities for systematizing and explaining the data were proposed in the works of the grammarians of the 3rd and 4th centuries. Out of the discussion of these grammarians there emerged in the works of the grammarians of the 5th and 6th centuries (notably Phocas, Pompeius, and Priscian) a rather adequate description. While morphological and semantic criteria were intermingled in the earlier period, later grammarians kept them apart. We also find a tendency towards a more theoretical and less data-oriented linguistics. The picture emerging from this in scope rather limited study deviates to some extent from the theories proposed by Bar-wick (1922) concerning the history of Roman linguistics.
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Mari, Tommaso. "The Grammarian Consentius on Errors Concerning the Accent in Spoken Latin." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (2020): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.54.
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Summary:The 5th-century Gaulish grammarian Consentius wrote an extensive treatise on errors in spoken Latin. In the Roman grammatical tradition, errors in single words are deemed to arise by means of the improper addition, removal, substitution, and misplacement of one of the constitutive elements of the word (letter, syllable, quantity, accent, and aspiration). Late grammarians assumed that the four catego- ries of change applied to accents too, but only Consentius provided an example for each of these cases. However, his discussion poses some problems. The examples of removal, substitution and misplacement of an accent all concern the word orator and present oddities such as a circumflex accent on the antepe- nultimate syllable; they were clearly made up for the sake of completeness and have no bearing on our understanding of Vulgar Latin. On the other hand, the example of addition of an accent is tríginta, with retraction of the accent on the antepenultimate syllable; this must be genuine and fits in well with current reconstructions of most Romance continuations of Latin triginta (Italian trenta, French trente, etc.) and other vigesimals (uiginti, quadraginta, etc.).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Latin grammarians"
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Debouy, Estelle. "Édition critique, traduction et commentaire des fragments d' Atellanes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100156/document.
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Le sujet sur lequel porte cette thèse de doctorat est l’atellane. La première partie de la thèse consiste à présenter ce genre, ce qui a conduit l'auteur à s’intéresser à sa place et à son statut, à la lumière de ce qu’écrit Tite-Live notamment. Puis est proposée une interprétation des fragments qui nous sont parvenus : l'auteur montre que si l’atellane emprunte au théâtre d’Aristophane ou de Plaute notamment, elle a aussi son originalité propre. Après cette étude générale, la thèse présente l'histoire du texte. Comme aucun manuscrit des auteurs d’atellanes n'a été conservé, c'est uniquement par la tradition indirecte qu'il est possible de reconstituer ce que furent ces pièces atellanes : l'auteur a donc étudié cette tradition qui est essentiellement grammaticale, car c'est dans les travaux des grammairiens d'époque tardive, et presque exclusivement chez Nonius, que se trouvent des citations des auteurs d'atellanes. La thèse présente ensuite l’édition critique des fragments de Pomponius et Novius, avec, en regard, la première traduction en français de ces pièces dont il ne reste environ que trois cents vers au total. Contrairement aux éditions précédentes, l'auteur de cette thèse a fait le choix d’un apparat critique positif constitué à partir de la consultation de tous les manuscrits de Nonius. La dernière partie de la thèse est consacré au commentaire de ces fragments<br>The field which this thesis covers is the so-called Atellana fabula. In the first part of it, which is an overall presentation of the particular genre, such questions as the one of the position of the Atellana with respect to other similar genres are addressed in the light of Livy’s texts among others. Then an interpretation of the fragments that came to us is proposed: it is put forward that the Atellana had original characteristics whatever it may have borrowed from the plays of Aristophanes or Plautus among others. After this overall presentation of the Atellanae, the historical study of the text and its tradition is proposed. As the text itself of the Atellanae is not given in any manuscript, one only may rely on indirect tradition to restore fragments of those plays. Most of this tradition is found in the works of the grammarians of later antiquity, especially in Nonius, where almost all of the quotations of Atellanae that came to us are preserved. Then a new critical edition of Pomponius’ and Novius’ fragments is proposed, along with the first translation into French of these plays of which no more than three hundred lines are preserved. Contrary to the previous editions of these fragments, this one presents a positive apparatus criticus, which includes the readings from the manuscripts of Nonius which all have been directly collated. Finally a new commentary on the fragments is proposed
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Bramanti, Andrea. "Nuova edizione critica e commento delle Artes grammaticae (libri I-II) di Plozio Sacerdote e dei Catholica Probi." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL022.
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Quoiqu’il soit le premier grammairien arrivé à nous, auteur de trois livres presque entièrement conservés, Marius Plotius Sacerdos, maître d’école à Rome à la fin du IIIe siècle ap. J.-C., pour longtemps a été négligé. Maintenant, l’étude de l’entière tradition manuscrite, incluant pour la première fois les contributions des copies humanistiques, a permis de dépasser les limites de l’édition de Keil et d’établir une nouvelle édition critique des deux premiers livres de sa grammaire ainsi que celle des Catholica Probi, en tant que forme parallèle et séparée du deuxième livre. Comme d’habitude, dans l’introduction on fournit les informations sur l’auteur et, à travers l’analyse structurale du texte, on chercher de présenter l’œuvre de Sacerdos comme la première tentative de construire une grammaire scolaire systématique. Le copieux commentaire veut mener à une compréhension exhaustive des textes, envisagent les implications de doctrine grammaticale, les problèmes textuels, les relations avec les autres grammairiens ainsi qu’avec la tradition exégétique antique<br>Despite of being the first grammarian who have come to us, author of three almost complete grammatical books, for long time Marius Plotius Sacerdos, teacher in Rome in the end of third century AD, has been neglected. At present, the study of the complete manuscript tradition, including for the first time the contribution of humanistic copies, has made it possible to overcome some defects of Keil’s edition and to provide a new critical edition of the first two Sacerdos’ books and of the Catholica Probi, which are a well-known stand-alone version of the second book. As is customary, the introduction gives the information about life of the author and, by means of analysis of the structure of the text, tries to show this work as the first attempt to produce a systematic school handbook. The extensive commentary wants to be an exhaustive guide for the texts, which treats the implications of grammatical doctrine, the textual problems, and the connections with other grammarians and the ancient exegetical tradition
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El, Matouni Fatima. "Diomede grammatico : fonti, tradizione manoscritta, circolazione e ricezione della sua opera. Edizione critica di una sezione del capitolo ‘De verbo’ (GL I 364-388)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUL102.pdf.
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Le présente thèse, qui constitue une première étape vers une nouvelle édition de l''Ars grammatica' de Diomède, propose le texte critique et le commentaire d'une partie du premier livre de ce manuel, correspondant à la discussion sur la formation du parfait, les verbes défectifs et certains verbes irréguliers (GL I 364, 10-388, 10). L'introduction, organisée en cinq chapitres, aborde premièrement les questions relatives à l'auteur (chapitre I) et à l'ouvrage en général, puis elle donne un aperçu de sa structure et de son contenu, en accordant une attention particulière aux caractéristiques liées à la destination de manuel, conçu pour un public hellénophone, dont le latin n'était pas la langue maternelle (chapitre II). Le troisième chapitre est consacré à la tradition manuscrite de l'Ars, avec un premier recensement des témoins qui le conservent en entier, en partie ou sous forme d'extraits, et une description des manuscrits sur lesquels la 'recensio' a été fondée. Les liens textuels entre eux sont ensuite discutés et une hypothèse de reconstruction du stemma des manuscrits est proposée. Le chapitre se termine par une étude sur l'histoire de la circulation du texte de Diomède qui présente certains moments de sa diffusion dans le Moyen Âge, ainsi que sa redécouverte à l'époque humaniste. Le quatrième chapitre de l'introduction est spécifiquement consacré à l'étude de la partie de l'œuvre dont l'édition est proposée, avec des aperçus sur les sources qui s'y trouvent et sur l'utilisation d'exemples rares présentant un très grand intérêt. Le cinquième chapitre concerne les critères de l'éditoriaux. Le texte critique, qui correspond aux pages 364-388 du volume I des 'Grammatici Latini' de Keil, est suivi d'un commentaire qui aborde des problèmes textuels et philologiques et qui, en même temps, approfondit la doctrine de Diomède sur certaines questions de morphologie verbale, en la comparant avec le reste de la littérature grammaticale de l'Antiquité tardive et du début du Moyen-Âge<br>This work, which is intended as a first step towards a new edition of Diomedes' 'Ars grammatica', offers the critical text and commentary of a portion of Book I of this manual, corresponding to the dissertation about the formation of the perfect, defective verbs and some irregular verbs (GL I 364, 10-388, 10). The introduction, organized in five chapters, offers first of all some issues concerning the author (chapter I) and his work in general, and an overview of its structure and contents, with particular attention to the characteristics related to its destination as a manual conceived for a Greek-speaking audience, for whom Latin was not the mother tongue (chapter II). The third chapter is devoted to the manuscript tradition of the 'Ars', with a census of the witnesses that preserve it in full, in part or in the form of extracts, and a description of the manuscripts on which the 'recensio' is based. The textual relationship between them is then discussed and a hypothesis of the reconstruction of the 'stemma codicum' is offered. The chapter closes with a history of the circulation of Diomedes' text that illuminates some moments of its early medieval diffusion, as well as its rediscovery in the humanistic age. The fourth chapter of the introduction is specifically dedicated to the section of the work of which the edition is offered, with insights into the sources found there and an exploration of the use of literary 'exempla', that deserve interest since they are very rare. The introduction closes with a formulation of the criteria of the critical edition. The critical text, corresponding to pages 364-388 of volume I of Keil's 'Grammatici Latini', is followed by a commentary that discusses textual and philological problems and at the same time deepens Diomedes' doctrine on certain questions of verbal morphology, comparing it with the rest of late antique and early medieval grammatical literature
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Bodin, Camille. "Servius, commentaire sur "l’Énéide" de Virgile (livre V) : introduction, traduction, annotation et commentaire." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCC018.
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Rédigé vraisemblablement à la fin du IVe siècle, à une époque où l’enseignement traditionnel des écoles romaines se maintient et où le paganisme cherche à conserver sa place face au christianisme, le commentaire de Servius à l’Énéide de Virgile, dont le livre V fait l’objet du présent travail, est une œuvre particulièrement importante. Il est destiné à ouvrir à ses auditeurs (les élèves de la classe de Servius), puis à ses lecteurs, la possibilité de mieux comprendre le texte virgilien, et il offre au spécialiste moderne de multiples traces de rites, croyances, pratiques et récits mythologiques qui, sans la richesse de ses développements, resteraient inconnus. Le commentateur laisse parfois percevoir au fil de ses remarques sa vision de l’époque de Virgile et de la sienne propre, et il livre aussi des éléments d’information concernant la réception de l’Énéide dans l’Antiquité tardive. L’intérêt de l’ouvrage est doublé du fait que s’y sont entremêlés ensuite des ajouts d’origines diverses transformant pour ainsi dire le commentaire de Servius en un second commentaire, connu sous l’appellation de « Servius Danielis », présent dans certains manuscrits médiévaux. C’est pour toutes ces raisons que nous proposons, après une introduction consacrée à ses thématiques centrales, une traduction complète de ce double commentaire servien au livre V de l’Énéide de Virgile, en accompagnant et documentant cette traduction par les notes nombreuses et détaillées que réclament la richesse et la complexité de ce travail caractéristique des savants que l’Antiquité appelait des « grammairiens »<br>Most certainly written at the end of the 4th century, at a time when traditional teaching from roman school persists and when paganism tries to keep its position facing Christianity, Servius’ Commentary on Virgil’s Aeneid, whose book V is the subject of this study, is a particularly significant work. It is intended to permit the listener (Servius’ students), then the reader, to better understand Virgil’s text and offers to modern specialists many vestiges of rituals, beliefs, practices and mythology’s stories that, without the richness of its body, certainly wouldn’t be known nowadays. The commentator sometimes suggests, throughout his remarks, the vision he has of the Virgil’s time as being his own time and he also gives some information about the Aeneid’s reception in the last Antiquity. The interest of the book is doubled because the text is mixed with elements from diverse origins; it turned the commentary into a second one, known as “Servius Danielis” text and present in some manuscripts. That is why we offer, after an introduction devoted to the main themes of the book, a complete translation of this double servian commentary at the Virgil Aeneid, book 5; this translation goes with many detailed commentaries needed due to the richness and the complexity of expert’s typical work which Antiquity called “grammarian”
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Desiderio, Janyce. "La notion d’archaïsme chez les grammairiens latins ; avec une édition commentée de l’œuvre fragmentaire de Flavius Caper." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040196.
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En deux parties distinctes mais complémentaires, ce travail se présente comme le parallèle dans le domaine grammatical des recherches menées sur l’archaïsme dans la rhétorique et la littérature latines. Nous analysons tout d’abord la manière dont les grammairiens latins, de Varron à Priscien, considèrent ce phénomène, dans le cadre de la définition de la langue latine correcte (Latinitas). Les questions du recours aux archaïsmes dans l’usage et de l’autorité des auteurs littéraires anciens, telles que l’on peut les retrouver dans les textes du corpus des grammatici Latini, sont au centre de notre étude. Nous proposons ensuite pour la première fois une édition avec traduction et commentaire critique des fragments de Flavius Caper, grammairien de la fin du IIe siècle après J.-C. : cette époque marquant la diffusion d’une mouvance stylistique et littéraire archaïsante, l’examen du point de vue d’un grammairien sur la langue latine contemporaine se révèle primordial pour comprendre l’évolution de la pensée linguistique antique. L'édition des fragments du De Latinitate et du De dubiis generibus de Caper nous donne par ailleurs l'occasion de réfléchir aux problèmes des sources et de la transmission des textes, aussi bien grammaticaux que littéraires, ainsi que d'effectuer un commentaire analytique sur un auteur à tort négligé et qui, par sa réception, a joué un rôle de premier plan dans la tradition artigraphique tardo-antique<br>Organised in two complementary parts, the present research follows up, in the grammatical tradition, on other studies led on archaism in the fields of Latin rhetoric and literature. The first part deals with the way in which Latin grammarians, from Varro to Priscian, apprehend the notion of archaism, within the definition of what they consider to be the correct Latin language (Latinitas). The study is focused on both the main issues of the use of archaisms in the current usage, and the ancient poets’ and prose writers’ authority, as noticeable in the grammatici Latini corpus. In the second part, an edition of Flavius Caper’s grammatical fragments, with a French translation and critical commentary, is proposed for the first time. Caper is a scholar of the end of the 2nd century AD, an era especially known for the diffusion in the literary circles of an archaizing stylistic tendency. Consequently, examining the point of view of a grammarian on the linguistic usage of his time appears crucial to understanding the evolution of linguistic thought in Antiquity. The edition of Caper’s fragmentary De Latinitate and De dubiis generibus gives us the opportunity to reflect upon sources and transmission of grammatical and literary texts. Finally, the comments made on the work of a still unrecognised scholar should highlight the importance of his treatises in the late antique grammatical tradition
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Campanholo, Priscila de Oliveira. "Os comentários de Sérvio Honorato ao \"Canto VI\" da Eneida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8143/tde-16022009-144550/.
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A noção de comentário está intrinsecamente ligada ao trabalho de editar textos, que era feito em bibliotecas antigas, como a de Alexandria, e aos compêndios de gramática, que sistematizavam os conceitos utilizados para a leitura dos textos. Além disso, esse material de anotações e explicações era utilizado no ambiente escolar, como um apoio elucidativo de passagens obscuras, de palavras e costumes antigos, de mitos e histórias e de usos gramaticais, por exemplo. Entre os autores que passaram pelo crivo dos comentadores e que, então, faziam parte do programa escolar, está Vergílio, como nos indica Quintiliano, na Instituição Oratória. Assim, os Comentários de Sérvio Honorato ao Canto VI, da Eneida nos possibilitam conhecer um pouco do trabalho feito nas bibliotecas, acerca das edições e leituras dos textos, dos autores estudados nas escolas e da forma como eles eram lidos. De modo mais específico, esses Comentários trazem-nos informações valiosas sobre costumes, histórias e a filosofia que vigoraram entre os mais antigos<br>The notion of commenting is intrinsically related to the work of editing texts developed in ancient libraries, such as the Alexandria Library, and to grammar textbooks, which systematized concepts used in text reading. These notes and explanations were also used in schools as a support to clarify obscure passages, words and ancient customs, myths, tales and grammatical usages, for instance. Among the authors examined by commentators and who were on the syllabus at the time is Vergil, as Quintilian quotes in Institutio Oratoria. So the commentaries of Servius Honoratus on Aeneid \"Book VI\" enable us to acquire some knowledge on the work developed in libraries involving editions and the readings of texts, the authors who were studied in schools, taking into consideration the way they were read at that time. Particularly, these Commentaries give us some precious information on a set of topics invaluable for the members of that ancient society
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Boikou, Angeliki. "Aux origines de "l'expressionnisme" dans la littérature latine : reconstitution et analyse des poèmes de Laevius et de Matius." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL135.
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Cette étude vise à reconstituer les origines d'une tendance de la littérature latine que l'on qualifie souvent d'« expressionnisme » et à analyser les œuvres fragmentaires de deux poètes peu connus, Laevius et Cn. Matius, dont nous sont parvenus une cinquantaine d'extraits environ. Le poète Laevius est présenté par les sources comme l'auteur des Erotopaegnia, un recueil lyrique de poèmes d'amour en mètres divers. Le terme paegnia fait penser aux Παίγνια que Philétas de Cos avait composés au IIIe s. av. J.-C. Quant à Matius, il traduit en latin l'Iliade d'Homère et écrit des mimiambes, à l'instar du poète alexandrin Hérondas. Nos connaissances sur la poésie de la fin du IIe et du début du Ier siècle av. J.-C., qui a précédé l'avènement des néotériques, sont rudimentaires, notamment en raison de la perte presque totale des textes de cette époque. Ce qui nous reste se limite à de courts fragments isolés de leur contexte et conservés dans les œuvres des érudits, des lexicographes, des commentateurs et des grammairiens de l'époque impériale. La présente étude propose une nouvelle édition et une traduction française des fragments de Laevius et de Cn. Matius, accompagnées d'une analyse métrique et d'un commentaire linguistique et interprétatif de leurs recueils. Une attention particulière est portée au style et à la langue de ces extraits, dans le but de démontrer que la poésie de Laevius et de Matius reflète un moment transitoire et expérimental dans la littérature latine. Ces auteurs partagent un intérêt pour les formes expressives, telles que les archaïsmes, les néologismes, les hapax legomena et les composés originaux, faisant de la langue un outil au service de l'expressivité. Laevius et Matius tiennent une place originale dans l'histoire de la littérature latine : ils développent des thèmes célèbres mais les présentent selon des perspectives nouvelles, anti traditionnelles et antihéroïques, comme dans la poésie alexandrine ; ils introduisent des éléments lyriques et sentimentaux et annoncent les poètes néotériques comme Catulle, sans pour autant s'identifier à ceux-ci. La dernière partie de cette étude explore les modalités de transmission et de circulation des fragments de Laevius et de Matius, en analysant les contextes dans lesquels leurs vers ont été cités. Cette enquête constitue un facteur fondamental dans la reconstitution des œuvres de ces poètes, car elle contribue tant à la solution de problèmes éditoriaux délicats qu'à la restitution de l'histoire et de la postérité de ces textes à l'époque impériale<br>This study aims to reconstruct the origins of a trend in Latin literature usually called “expressionism”, engaging in the analysis of the works of Laevius and Matius, two minor poets of the late Republic, whose works have survived only in fragmentary form. The ancient sources identify Laevius as the author of the Erotopaegnia, a collection of lyric love poems composed in various metres. The term paegnia, featuring in the title, most probably evokes the Παίγνια of Philitas of Cos, a collection of short light poems dating back to the early 3rd century BCE. Matius, on the other hand, is considered among the first Latin poets to translate the Iliad in hexameters, whereas he has also composed mimiambs in the manner of the Alexandrian poet Herodas. More generally, our knowledge of Latin poetry from the late second and the early first centuries BCE remains limited, primarily due to the almost entire loss of the poetic texts written in this period. Indeed, the only literary evidence comes from small poetic fragments preserved by imperial scholars, mainly by critics, lexicographers, commentators and grammarians. This study proposes a new edition and a French translation of the surviving fragments of Laevius and Cn. Matius, along with a metrical, linguistic, and interpretative commentary. Special attention is given to the stylistic features of their poetry, to demonstrate that their verses reflect a moment of transition and deliberate experimentalism in Latin literature. Both Laevius and Matius exhibit a common interest in peculiar linguistic forms, such as archaisms, neologisms, hapax legomena and original compounds, which they combine in the most expressive and surprising way. While they draw inspiration from well-known mythological themes, they reinterpret these narratives from a different perspective, focusing, as the Alexandrian poets before them, on the un-heroic and unconventional aspects of these stories. Moreover, Laevius and Matius are among the first Latin poets who explored lyric and emotional themes. Although they foreshadow the poetry of Catullus and the other neoterics, they don't entirely identify with them.The final chapter of the present thesis sheds light on the different ways of transmission of Laevius' and Matius' fragments, exploring the grammatical, lexicographical and antiquarian contexts in which their verses were cited. This investigation is particularly interesting because it contributes to the solution of various editorial problems and helps us understand how poetic collections circulated in late Antiquity
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SPANGENBERG, YANES ELENA. "Commento al lessico sintattico greco-latino di Prisciano." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/930515.
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La tesi consiste in un commento filologico e linguistico alla seconda metà del libro XVIII dell'Ars grammatica di Prisciano (GL III 278-377), i cosiddetti Atticismi, che concludono l'opera e la cui nuova edizione critica è stata recentemente pubblicata dalla Prof.ssa Michela Rosellini (2015). Questa sezione finale dell'Ars consiste in un lessico sintattico bilingue: una serie di costrutti greci (per lo più verbali), derivati da una fonte lessicografica atticista, vengono messi a confronto con i corrispettivi latini allo scopo di perfezionare la competenza linguistica dei lettori che aspirano a un compiuto bilinguismo.
Nel commento continuo alle singole voci del lessico affronto gli aspetti tradizionalmente trattati negli studi sull'opera del grammatico di Prisciano (indagine delle fonti, problemi critico-testuali, uso delle citazioni di autori sia greci che latini, questioni di dottrina grammaticale) e sviluppo quelli emersi dalle più recenti ricerche sul lessico sintattico che la conclude (disomogeneità redazionali e problemi di incompiutezza, confronto con la glossografia bilingue e con la lessicografia greca).<br>My dissertation is a linguistic and textual commentary on the second half of book 18 of Priscian's Ars grammatica (GL III 278-377), the so-called Atticismi, which conclude such work and whose new critical edition has been recently published by Michela Rosellini (2015). This final section of the Ars consists of a bilingual syntactical lexicon: a series of Greek (mostly verbal) constructions, drawn out from a Greek lexicographical source, is compared with the corresponding Latin expressions. Aim of the Atticismi is to improve the linguistic competence of readers seeking a complete bilingualism.
In the running commentary on each entry of the lexicon I focus both on the aspects traditionally dealt with in the studies on Priscian's work (Quellenforschung, textual criticism, usage of Greek and Latin literary quotations, linguistic theory) and on the issues pointed out by the most recent inquiries about the Atticismi (redactional unevenness, lack of completeness, comparison with bilingual glossography and Greek lexicography).
Books on the topic "Latin grammarians"
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Zago, Anna. The Latin of the grammarians: Reflections about language in the Roman world. Brepols Publishers, 2016.
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Pellizzari, Andrea. Servio: Storia, cultura e istituzioni nell'opera di un grammatico tardoantico. L. S. Olschki, 2003.
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Pellizzari, Andrea. Servio: Storia, cultura e istituzioni nell'opera di un grammatico tardoantico. L.S. Olschki, 2003.
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G, Taiphakos Iōannēs, ed. The origins of European scholarship: The Cyprus Millennium International Conference. F. Steiner Verlag, 2005.
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Probert, Philomen. Latin Grammarians on the Latin Accent. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841609.001.0001.
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Latin Grammarians on the Latin Accent offers a fresh perspective on a long-standing debate about the value of Latin grammarians writing about the Latin accent: should the information they give us be taken seriously, or should much of it should be dismissed as copied mindlessly from Greek sources? This book focuses on understanding the Latin grammarians on their own terms: what do they actually say about accents, and what do they mean by it? Careful examination of Greek and Latin grammatical texts leads to a better understanding of the workings of Greek grammatical theory on prosody, and of its interpretation in the Latin grammatical tradition. It emerges that Latin grammarians took over from Greek grammarians a system of grammatical description that operated on two levels: an abstract level that we are not supposed to be able to hear, and the concrete level of audible speech. The two levels are linked by a system of rules. Some points of Greek thought on prosody were taken over onto the abstract level and not intended as statements about the actual sound of Latin, while other points were so intended. This book largely sets aside the question whether the Latin grammarians tell us the truth about the Latin accent, focusing instead on understanding what they actually say. But it begins to offer some answers for those wishing to know when to ‘believe’ Latin grammarians in the traditional sense, by showing which of their statements are intended—and which are not intended—as statements about the actual sound of Latin.
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Latin Grammarians on the Latin Accent: The Transformation of Greek Grammatical Thought. Oxford University Press, 2019.
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Suetonius. The Lives Of The Twelve Caesars: Grammarians And Rhetoricians. Kessinger Publishing, 2004.
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Farriss, Nancy. Language Barriers under Siege. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190884109.003.0005.
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The program and techniques of language acquisition undertaken by the colonial church relied mainly on the missionary linguists and the young Indian tutors they recruited. Together they devised orthographies in the Latin alphabet for hundreds of indigenous languages, an alphabet that gradually replaced the native systems of glyphs for recording information. Within decades, well in advance of European grammarians and lexicographers, they had also produced dictionaries and grammars for all the major and many of the minor vernacular languages, along with catechisms and other devotional literature. Generations of clergy would depend on these written aids, which continue to serve as landmarks in the history of linguistics.
Book chapters on the topic "Latin grammarians"
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Versteegh, Kees. "Grammarians and Diglossia." In Documenter et décrire les langues d’Asie : histoire et épistémologie. Société d’histoire et d’épistémologie des sciences du langage, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4000/138mn.
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Collecting linguistic data in a diglossic speech community poses a special challenge for grammarians because of the socially sensitive variation between a High and a Low variety. In Ferguson’s (1959a) original definition only those cases counted as diglossia in which the varieties belonged to the same language. Later definitions expanded the scope to include communities where non-cognate languages serve as High and Low variety, which are much easier to keep apart for both speakers and grammarians. In this paper I explore how Latin and Arabic grammarians dealt with the linguistic variation in their speech community. They regarded all variation as part of one language; yet, in their description of the language they limited themselves to data from the High variety, which was the only one recognized by them as correct speech. Even when they referred to speech errors, they did not target the Low colloquial, but mistakes made in writing by semi-literate users of the High variety.
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Van Rooy, Raf. "Complexity or copia?" In Simplicité et complexité des langues dans l’histoire des théories linguistiques. Société d’histoire et d’épistémologie des sciences du langage, 2023. https://doi.org/10.4000/132jy.
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In this paper, I argue that sixteenth-century grammarians did not operate with a concept of linguistic complexity. Instead, in their intuitive comparisons of languages, they started from the widespread humanist concept of copia, “abundance”. Focusing on contrastive discussions of Latin and Greek, I aim to illustrate how the copia concept structured their assessment of these and other languages, especially the European vernaculars. In Latin-versus-Greek contrastive descriptions, found especially often in Greek grammars of the time, Greek usually emerged as the most copious language due to such “extra” categories as the article, dual, aorist, and middle voice. There were, however, respects in which Latin enjoyed more copia, such as certain nominal forms of the verb and the ablative case. Finally, I offer some reflections on the relationship of the copia concept to modern notions of “complexity” and “difficulty”, arguing for the importance of factoring in cultural circumstances in complexity research.
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Chevillard, Jean-Luc. "Chapter 11. How far are the horizons of descriptive linguistics?" In Studies in the History of the Language Sciences. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.133.11che.
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European missionaries engaged in the linguistic description of 16th–18th c. Tamil Nadu discussed two possible attitudes. Proença (1625–1666), who wrote in Portuguese, thought that the most important task was to concentrate on what is useful pera a pratica “for practical purposes” and wanted to master ordinary language, both (A) in its colloquial forms — including substandard and dialectal variants — and (B) in its more standardized form. Beschi (1680–1747), who wrote in Latin, thought he could become influential by mastering (C) Centamiḻ, the poetic “more elegant” dialect, cultivated for many centuries by traditional grammarians and poets of Tamil Nadu. This article evokes the strategies of Proença, Beschi and others, who navigated the components of Tamil “triglossia”, in which both (A) and (C) can coexist with (B), but not simultaneously. Either (C) is ignored, being considered as “useless for practical purposes”, or (A) is shunned, being considered as “barbaric”.
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Herren, Michael W. "The Hiberno-Latin Poems in Virgil the Grammarian." In Latin Letters in Early Christian Ireland. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003555469-21.
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"5. Latin Grammarians." In Studies in the History of the Language Sciences. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1075/sihols.107.06lat.
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Probert, Philomen. "que, ue, ne, ce." In Latin Grammarians on the Latin Accent. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841609.003.0006.
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Latin grammarians held that the enclitics que, ue, ne, and ce caused the accent of the preceding word to fall on that word’s final syllable, regardless of the quantity of that syllable. Some modern scholars have regarded the grammarians as somewhat inconsistent on this point, or have noted that relevant discussions occur only in late works. But differences of opinion have focused especially on whether to consider the grammarians’ view worth serious attention in the first place. Chapter 6 considers Latin grammarians’ discussions first and foremost on their own terms: what do grammarians actually say about que, ue, ne, and ce, and what do they mean by it? The chapter also returns to the question whether the grammarians are telling us something serious about Latin, and if so for what period of the language.
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Probert, Philomen. "Conclusions." In Latin Grammarians on the Latin Accent. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841609.003.0010.
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Chapter 10 draws the main conclusions together and offers some reflections on the old debate about the value of the Latin grammarians on the Latin accent. The book has largely set aside the question whether Latin grammarians tell us the truth about accents, but it has asked whether Latin grammarians’ statements, when taken on their own terms, are actually intended to pertain to the audible sound of Latin. This book has argued that it depends: some of their statements are so intended, and some are not. To finish with, the discussion is expanded to show how Latin grammarians treated prosody as they treated other aspects of the Latin language too, and how they proceeded as people usually do proceed when they learn techniques for talking about a language from people who use them to talk about a different language.
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Probert, Philomen. "The Latin Circumflex." In Latin Grammarians on the Latin Accent. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841609.003.0008.
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To some scholars, the Latin grammarians’ distinction between acute and circumflex accents for Latin has to be taken seriously. To others, it is a particularly clear example of absurdity inspired by Greek grammarians. Chapter 8 considers the evidence for this doctrine and shows that it has some intriguing characteristics brought out, in part, by grammarians’ discussions of accent mistakes and of the accentuation of Greek words used in Latin. The chapter goes on to argue that at an early stage of the Latin tradition on prosody, learned Romans made sense of the Greek distinction between acute and circumflex accents in such a way that they trained themselves to think they could hear a corresponding distinction in Latin.
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Probert, Philomen. "Some History of Scholarship." In Latin Grammarians on the Latin Accent. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841609.003.0002.
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Modern discussion of the Latin accent can be said to have begun in earnest with the publication of Weil and Benloew’s Théorie générale de l’accentuation latine in 1855. Responses to this work divided scholars strongly into two opposing camps—or rather, they strengthened and extended a pre-existing division into two camps that had originally concerned only the relationship (if any) between Latin metrical forms and the position of the Latin word accent. On closer inspection the two camps turn out to be rather loose alliances, but when the focus is on the Latin accent itself they rally around opposing answers to a central question: did Latin have a pitch accent or a stress accent? Chapter 2 sketches the beginnings of this battle and the main turns it has taken, and then argues that it is a mistake to see ‘pitch or stress accent’ as the crucial question, or even as a meaningful one. Even attempts to offer intermediate views mostly put a misconceived and unhelpful question at the centre of the argument. But if this question can be put to one side, some genuine questions come into view.
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Probert, Philomen. "Latin Proclitics I." In Latin Grammarians on the Latin Accent. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841609.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 considers the late antique evidence for a widespread doctrine of the Latin grammatical tradition: that prepositions, relative pronoun forms, and certain other words have an acute accent on their final syllables, in apparent violation of the usual principles of Latin accentuation. The doctrine belongs to a way of talking about the accentual behaviour of proclitic words: words that are normally pronounced without an accent and form a prosodic unit with what follows. An abstract acute accent is assigned to the final syllable so that this can undergo a rule ‘lulling’ an acute on a final syllable into a grave (non-accent) in connected speech. The lulling rule is borrowed from descriptions of Greek, but we see various efforts to adjust its details so as to avoid results that are not intended for Latin. We also see other ways of saying that proclitic words are normally pronounced without an accent.