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1
Sgarbi, Marco. "Aristotle and the People: Vernacular Philosophy in Renaissance Italy." Renaissance and Reformation 39, no. 3 (January 14, 2017): 59–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v39i3.27721.
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The essay focuses on vernacular Aristotelianism in Renaissance Italy, which began to gain currency in the 1540s, just as the vernacular was beginning to establish itself as a language of culture and the Counter-Reformation was getting underway. With over three hundred printed and manuscript works, the statistics of this phenomenon are impressive. Even so, the vulgarization of Aristotle in the Italian Renaissance has never received the scholarly attention it deserves. The paper examines (1) the identity of the recipients of Aristotle’s vulgarizations, (2) the meaning of the process of vulgarization, and (3) the conception of knowledge that such writings brought to the culture of the Cinquecento. The purpose is to show that (1) vernacular renderings of Aristotle’s works were aimed at the “people,” including “idiots” (men lacking culture or knowledge of Latin), “simpletons,” “ignorants,” and “illiterates” as well as princes, men of letters, women, and children, (2) vulgarization was not simply a matter of disseminating, simplifying, and trivializing knowledge, and (3) vulgarization upheld the notion of widespread knowledge.
L’article se concentre sur l’aristotélisme vernaculaire en Italie de la Renaissance, qui s’est grandement développé au cours des années 1540, au moment où la langue vernaculaire s’est imposée comme langue de culture alors que la Contre-Réforme débutait. Avec plus que quatre cent oeuvres imprimées ou manuscrites, les chiffres de ce phénomène sont impressionants. Malgré tout, la vulgarisation d’Aristote pendant la Renaissance italienne n’a jamais reçu l’attention savante qu’elle mérite. L’article examine 1) l’identité des destinataires des vulgarisations d’Aristote 2) le sens du processus de vulgarisation, et 3) la conception de la connaissance que représentent ces textes dans la culture de Cinquecento. L’objectif est de démontrer que les traductions vernaculaires des oeuvres d’Aristote s’adressaient au peuple, y compris les “simples” (les hommes sans culture ni connaissance du latin), les nigauds, les ignares, et les illettrés ainsi que les princes, les hommes de lettres, les femmes, et les enfants, 2) la vulgarisation n’était pas une affaire simple de dissémination,qui simplifie et fait circuler le savoir, et 3) la vulgarisation sert l’ambition d’une circulation des savoirs
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Prus, Robert. "Engaging Love, Divinity, and Philosophy: Pragmatism, Personification, and Autoethnographic Motifs in the Humanist Poetics of Brunetto Latini, Dante Alighieri, and Giovanni Boccaccio." Qualitative Sociology Review 10, no. 3 (July 31, 2014): 6–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.10.3.01.
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Although the works of three early Italian Renaissance poets, Brunetto Latini (1220-1294), Dante Alighieri (1265-1321), and Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375), may seem far removed from the social science ventures of the 21st century, these three Italian authors provide some exceptionally valuable materials for scholars interested in the study of human knowing and acting. As central participants in the 13th-14th century “humanist movement” (in which classical Greek and Latin scholarship were given priority in matters of intellectual development), Brunetto Latini, Dante Alighieri, and Giovanni Boccaccio helped sustain an analytic focus on human lived experience. Most of the materials addressed here are extensively fictionalized, but our interests are in the sociological insights that these authors achieve, both in their accounts of the characters and interchanges portrayed in their texts and in their modes of presentation as authors. Although lacking the more comprehensive aspects of Chicago-style symbolic interactionist (Mead 1934; Blumer 1969) theory and research, these early Renaissance texts are remarkably self-reflective in composition. Thus, these statements provide us with valuable insights into the life-worlds of (a) those of whom the authors speak, (b) those to whom the authors address their works, and (c) the authors themselves as people involved in generating aspects of popular culture through their poetic endeavors. More specifically, these writers enable us to appreciate aspects of pragmatist emphases on human knowing and acting through their attentiveness to people’s perspectives, speech, deliberation, action, and interaction. In addressing affective relationships, introducing generic standpoints, and considering morality as community matters, these materials offer contemporary scholars in the social sciences some particularly instructive transhistorical and transcultural comparative and conceptual reference points. Inspired by the remarkable contributions of the three 13th-14th century Italian poets and some 12th- 13th century French predecessors, the Epilogue direct specific attention to the ways in which authors might engage poetic productions as “producers” and “analysts” of fictionalized entertainment.
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Coppens, Christian. "'For the Benefit of Ordinary People': the Dutch Translation of the Fasciculus medicinae, Antwerp 1512." Quaerendo 39, no. 2 (2009): 168–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006909x439377.
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AbstractThe article deals with the Dutch translation of the Fasciculus medicinae based on the Latin edition, Venice 1495, with the famous woodcuts created in 1494 for the Italian translation of the original Latin edition of 1491. The woodcuts are compared with the Venetian model. New features in the Antwerp edition include the Skeleton and the Zodiac Man, both originally based on German models. The text also deals briefly with other woodcuts in the Low Countries based on these Venetian illustrations. The Appendices provide an STC of all the editions and translations based on the Venetian edition and a stemma.
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Whitton, Christopher. "Latin Literature." Greece and Rome 67, no. 2 (October 2020): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001738352000011x.
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First up, a brace of major Teubner editions. Marcus Deufert's De rerum natura marks a significant moment in Lucretian studies. I suspect that most people, at least in the Anglosphere, are still using Cyril Bailey's venerable Oxford Classical Text (revised in 1922) for everyday reading, if not the equally antique Loeb (W. D. Rouse, 1924). In broadest outline, text-critical views haven't changed much since: a ‘closed’ tradition, in which two Carolingian manuscripts rejoicing in the workaday names Oblongus and Quadratus are prime witnesses, but often problematic ones; a mass of manuscripts from Renaissance Italy, which editors consult primarily for conjectures. But the last century has seen plenty of important work, and Deufert can report more precisely on the various corrections made in O and Q; affirm that all Italian manuscripts descend from O, and give them a stemma; pan many more humanist conjectures; wade in the muddy river (xxi) of modern interventions; and offer his own solutions to, or non liquet on, textual problems small and large. The result is a text with plenty of novelties (and many questions left open), and an edition with a very different look.
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Gomez Gane, Yorick. "Ital. ammazzare (con considerazioni su stramazzare, mattare, mazzare)." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, no. 2 (June 8, 2018): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0034.
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AbstractThe Italian verb ammazzare ‘to kill (someone), usually in a violent way’ is explained by Italian historical and etymological lexicography as a verb originally indicating a homicide committed with a club (Italian mazza). On the basis of historical linguistic examples it is instead here ascribed to the act of striking animals with a club during slaughter, where the verb would then assume (for the immediate correspondence between the action and its purpose) the general meaning of ‘killing (an animal)’ (subsequently being referred to people). The article then briefly discusses the etymology of the Italian verb stramazzare ‘to strike down to the ground violently’, which may also be ascribed to animal slaughter, and finally the origin of the ancient Italian verbs mattare and mazzare ‘to kill’, as well as their possible Latin bases *mattare/*mattiare.
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Martinez, Juan R. "“This is an Italian Church with a Large Hispanic Population”: Factors and Strategies in White Ethno–Religious Place Making." City & Community 16, no. 4 (December 2017): 399–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12270.
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This paper examines how a group of white ethnic, mostly Italian American, Catholics participate in ethno–religious place making in a predominantly Latino church. In light of a growing number of Latino parishioners, white ethnic church members engage in place making activities to ascribe a white ethno–religious identity to place. Drawing on participant observations, interviews, and archival documents, I examine the impetus behind, and strategies used, in making ethno–religious place. I find that place attachment and group threat drive white ethnics to make place. They do so by employing strategies of place making, place marking, and place marketing. The findings point to the importance of using place as a focal point of social analysis and understanding how people make place.
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Crifò, Francesco. "Popular lexicon of Greek origin in Italian varieties." Lexicographica 33, no. 2017 (August 28, 2018): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2017-0008.
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AbstractGreek-speaking people have been sailing the Mediterranean for millennia. At various stages of their development from Latin, the Romance languages have been influenced by their idiom. In Italy and in its islands, this role has been particularly evident due to the many rich and culturally active colonies in Southern Italy before and during the Roman period on the one hand, and through the later Byzantine occupation, which lasted several centuries in some areas, on the other. In this article, after a brief summary of the historical background (2.), the characteristics of the lexical borrowings from Greek in the local idioms of Southern (3.) as well as of Central and Northern Italy (4.) will be sketched. Here and there, and in the conclusions (5.), the status quaestionis and the latest orientations of the research will also be broadly outlined.
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Crifò, Francesco. "Popular lexicon of Greek origin in Italian varieties." Lexicographica 33, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lexi-2017-0008.
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AbstractGreek-speaking people have been sailing the Mediterranean for millennia. At various stages of their development from Latin, the Romance languages have been influenced by their idiom. In Italy and in its islands, this role has been particularly evident due to the many rich and culturally active colonies in Southern Italy before and during the Roman period on the one hand, and through the later Byzantine occupation, which lasted several centuries in some areas, on the other. In this article, after a brief summary of the historical background (2.), the characteristics of the lexical borrowings from Greek in the local idioms of Southern (3.) as well as of Central and Northern Italy (4.) will be sketched. Here and there, and in the conclusions (5.), the status quaestionis and the latest orientations of the research will also be broadly outlined.
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Szada, Marta. "The Missing Link: The Homoian Church in the Danubian Provinces and Its Role in the Conversion of the Goths." Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum / Journal of Ancient Christianity 24, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 549–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zac-2020-0053.
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Abstract Frequently, studies focusing on the fourth-century Trinitarian controversy stop at the 380s and emphasize the importance of the Council of Constantinople and the Council of Aquileia in 381, and the end of Italian rule of the last Homoian emperor, Valentinian II. In very common interpretation, these events mark the virtual end of the Latin Homoianism—its final extirpation. This thesis mightily influenced the modern thinking about Christianization of the Goths and other barbarian peoples. The process was conceptualized as an “ethnic switch” —the people of non-Roman ethnicity embraced the religion while the Romans completely abandoned it. Thereby, the disavowed Roman heresy changed into the creed able to preserve ethnic difference under the Roman pressure of acculturation. In the present paper, I challenge this interpretation. I argue that the Latin Homoian Church survived long into the fifth century and had an active role in the process of converting the Goths into the Homoian Christianity. I also call into question the role of Wulfila as the Apostle of the Goths directly involved in their Christianization in the 370s, the controvertible image created by the fifth-century church historians. By these means, I aim at dismissing a vision of Christianization of the Goths relying on the solitary mission of a single person. The Goths did not cling to Homoianism because it kept them apart from the Roman neighbours and let preserve their traditions. Quite opposite, in the era of the emperor Valens it was an act of political loyalty to the Roman Empire which later under the formative influence of the Latin Homoian Church transformed into the religious identification founded on the concept of Catholicity—quality of being universally right in the matter of faith—and not on ethnic exclusivism.
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Fort, Giovanni. "I germanismi nello spazio linguistico della penisola italica: superstrato prodotto dalla migrazione; ambito di analisi diacronica, diatopica, e stilistica; strumento per la didattica." Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 10, no. 1 (November 7, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bells.v10i1.1454.
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Germanic peoples appear strongly on the stage of history during late antiquity. With the advent of so-called “Barbarian Invasions” (or “folk migrations”, if the perspective is that of the invaders), raids by Germanic tribes gradually turn into migrations of ethnic groups settling in the areas they strike. With the fall of the Empire and the creation of Barbarian Kingdoms, this phenomenon leads to lasting effects on local languacultures. In the Italian peninsula, Goths, Langobards, and Franks, impacted the evolution of vulgar Latin, leaving visible traces in the Italian language.
The Germanic element of Italian vocabulary is represented by a multitude of toponyms and anthroponyms; it characterises specific lexical areas, and is observable in basic vocabulary and derivational morphology. These elements (systematically collected within the LEI project) are an extremely interesting object of study, on several levels.
In a diachronic perspective: analysing their presence at different stages, and as an instrument for dating.
In a diatopic perspective: as a criterion of dialectological analysis, also frequently linked to geosynonyms and so-called “parole bandiera”. (Besides also being a differentiating criterion between romance languages).
In a sociolinguistic and stylistic perspective: considering the value of a Latin or a Germanic equivalent, in context.
It is moreover ultimately relevant to consider an approach involving Germanic elements in Italian as an effective pedagogical tool. They can prove extremely useful, not only in educating about the history of the languaculture of the Italian peninsula, but also in teaching basic language-competence, and in the expansion of vocabulary, exploiting intercomprehension in learners with a Germanic mother tongue in general, and a Scandinavian one in particular (and vice versa).
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Alves, Vicente Paulo, Francine Golghetto Casemiro, Bruno Gedeon de Araujo, Marcos André de Souza Lima, Rayssa Silva de Oliveira, Fernanda Tamires de Souza Fernandes, Ana Vitória Campos Gomes, and Dario Gregori. "Factors Associated with Mortality among Elderly People in the COVID-19 Pandemic (SARS-CoV-2): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 8008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158008.
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The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the factors associated with the mortality of elderly Italians diagnosed with coronavirus who resided in institutions or who were hospitalized because of the disease. Methods: A systematic review following the recommendations of The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was carried out, utilizing the PEO strategy, i.e., Population, Exposure and Outcome. In this case, the population was the elderly aged over 65 years old, the exposure referred to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the outcome was mortality. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI/PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were used until 31 July 2020. Results: Five Italian studies were included in this meta-analysis, with the number of elderly people included varying between 18 and 1591 patients. The main morbidities presented by the elderly in the studies were dementia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and hypertension. Conclusions: The factors associated with the mortality of elderly Italian people diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 who lived in institutions or who were hospitalized because of the disease were evaluated. It was found that dementia, diabetes, chronic kidney disease and hypertension were the main diagnosed diseases for mortality in elderly people with COVID-19.
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Pierini, Francesco. "Multilingualism and Englishization in international business communication: the case of some Italian wine producers." English Today 32, no. 1 (December 10, 2015): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078415000528.
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It goes without saying that a common culture and a common language make trade easier between individuals and countries, and for this reason the human being has always tried to find a way to communicate with foreign people in order to buy and sell goods and services. But learning as many languages as the market requires has always been a rather difficult issue, so since ancient times some languages have played the role oflingua franca. Throughout history there have been variouslingua francasin the world, used as working languages or bridge languages, based on the prestige and economic relevance of some countries in particular phases of history, as is the case with Latin in the Roman Empire; in the Eastern provinces of the Empire Greek served the same purpose (De Houwer & Wilton, 2011).
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Fiore, Vito, Andrea De Vito, Nicholas Geremia, Petrana Martineková, Elija Princic, Sergio Babudieri, and Giordano Madeddu. "High-risk sexual behavior and HIV/STDs cascade of care in migrants: results from an Italian dedicated outpatient clinic." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 15, no. 02 (March 7, 2021): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.13346.
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Introduction: Ethnical segregation and migration influence sexual health. Differences in sexual networks and the risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) between racial/ethnic minorities and the native population have been described in the literature.
Methodology: We collected data on sexual behavior and physical examination. Basing on CDC 2015 guidelines on STDs, anamnesis, and clinical features, screening for HIV/STDs was proposed.
Results: We enrolled 209 migrants, the median age was 32.5 (26-40) years, and 146 (69.9%) were male. The most represented nationalities were Nigerian, Senegalese, and Somali, with 85 (40.7%), 68 (32.5%), and 16 (7.7%) people, respectively. Twenty-two (10.5%) patients referred perianal/genital lesions, 6 (2.9%) abdominal/pelvic discomfort, and 183 (87.6%) were asymptomatic. Almost all symptomatic patients accepted the tests. 52/183 (28.4%) asymptomatic subjects accepted the tests, and only 24/52(46.2%) performed them. Among symptomatic patients were 6 (24%) HBsAg positivities and one (4%) HCV infection. Four (16%) people had latent syphilis; in 12 (48%) people, HPV-related genital warts were present, 7 (28%) people had Molluscum contagiosum, and 6 (24%) women had pelvic inflammatory diseases. Among patients referring no symptoms, there were 10 (41.7%) HBsAg positivities, one (4.2%) HIV infection, four (16.7%) latent syphilis, one (4.2%) HPV-related genital infection, and one (4.2%) PID. Being Nigerian and having symptoms were associated with a more high acceptance of the STDs test. Having a high-risk behavior was significantly associated with the development of at least one STD.
Conclusions: migrants have high-risk sexual behavior. Despite this, they have a low perception of HIV/STDs risk and healthcare needs. Particular attention should be given to improve access to HIV/STDs services that provide screening and treatment and increase the perception of healthcare needs.
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Mirzakhmedov, Khurshid Abdirashidovich. "New threats in the spiritual life of the youth." Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership), no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-01-2104-05.
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The article considers new non-traditional types of mass culture that hinder the formation of the spiritual and moral life of the youth. In the era of market economy and transformation of national values and ideals, there is a need to improve the tolerant attitude of mass culture. We often hear from TV screens, from leading politicians, the word «tolerance» or «toleration in various guises and meanings of socialization of young people», which we were not familiar with until recently. In many cultures, the concept of «tolerance» is characterized by a kind of synonym for toleration: Latin-tolerantia; Portuguese-tolerância; Italian-tolleranza; Dutch-tolerantie; Uzbek-bag'rikenglik and sabr-toqatlilik. Sociological analyses show that some types of modern non-traditional forms and patterns of culture have a negative impact on the spiritual and moral life of the younger generation. In our opinion, it is tolerance that has become the basis for the spread of new types of mass culture among young people. Starizm (translated from English «stars», means celebrity cult) causes young people to have new artifi cial idols to copy. Kitsch — hack, tasteless, «cheap». Flash mob — a pre-planned mass gathering. Vandalism was manifested in the past in the destruction of national historical monuments, which passes into the area of the spiritual life of the population, especially young people. We stand in solidarity with those specialists who are in favor of the expediency and consistency of the work carried out among young people. However, the most important innovative method that ensures the effectiveness of educational work, as we think, is the revival of the traditional social status and function of the family. The family as a traditional institution has been modernized to the detriment of national peculiarity and ideals. The work on the formation of tolerance in modern society should be associated not only with the training of young people in specific skills of tolerant behavior, but also with the formation of certain personal qualities. It is about self-esteem and the ability to respect the dignity of others; the awareness that each person is diverse in their manifestations and is not like others; a positive attitude towards oneself and representatives of other peoples and other cultures.
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Bernardino Ambrosio, Victoria, Sofía Hernández Santiago, Fernanda López Olvera, Sofía Berenice Orta Reyna, and María De los Ángeles Pérez Rosas. "Acciones Preventivas en la vida sexual de los estudiantes de Enfermería." Revista CuidArte 1, no. 1 (February 23, 2012): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fesi.23958979e.2012.1.1.69060.
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">La falta de responsabilidad, en los jóvenes, para llevar a cabo las acciones preventivas en su vida sexual, se mantiene como un problema de gran interés para la salud pública.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Objetivo: Identificar si los estudiantes de la Licenciatura en enfermería de 7º y 8º semestre, realizan acciones preventivas en su vida sexual.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Metodología: Estudio observacional, protectivo, transversal y descriptivo. De un total de 112 universitarios de la Licenciatura en Enfermería, se tomó una muestra de 63 estudiantes, a los cuales se les aplicó un instrumento de valoración basado en la una encuesta de salud y hábitos sexuales (2004), se obtuvieron datos en percentiles; posteriormente, se realizó el análisis de los datos y se hizo la correlación de las variables: edad y número de parejas sexuales, con un nivel de significancia de 0.18</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Resultados: El 90.5% de nuestra muestra, considera que cuenta con los conocimientos necesarios y que se aplican las medidas preventivas, de los cuales, el 47.6% asiste a revisiones médicas como medida de precaución. Sin embargo, al menos el 14.2% ha presentado un embarazo no planeado y el 3.1% una infección de transmisión sexual.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Conclusiones: La falta de aplicación de las acciones preventivas, se debe, a la falta de responsabilidad de cada universitario, ya que no solo se cuenta con la información y los conocimientos fundamentales aplicables a su vida, sino también, por ser promotores de la salud.</span></span></span></p><p> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US">SUMMARY</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US">The lack of responsibility in young people, to carry out the preventive actions in its sexual life, stays like a problem of great interest for the public health.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US">Objective: To identify if the students of the of 7<sup>th</sup> and 8<sup>th</sup> semestrial degree, to make preventive actions in their sexual life.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US">Methodology: Observational, protective, crossectional and descriptive study. From a total of 112 college students of the Degree in Infirmary, a sample was taken from 63 students, to whom were applied to an instrument of valuation based on a survey of health and their sexual habits. </span></p><p> </p>
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Shpak, Larisa Yu. "Roman sculptural portrait and votive portrait of the Roman republic time (preliminary comparative data on composite portraits)." Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), no. 3 (September 14, 2021): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32521/2074-8132.2021.3.096-108.
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The materials for the composite portraits were images from electronic antique collections of museums, image banks and catalogs. To obtain visual images of the studied groups, the composite portrait method was used in a digital program. Results and discussion. Unlike the roman sculptural portrait of the 1st century BC, which has a specific purpose and real prototypes, prototypes of votive terracotta heads of the 3rd – 1st centuries BC can be both real people and typified model-forms. The main differences between the composite roman portraits from the etruscan-italic votives relate to the orbital part of the face, the nose width and the upper lip hight. The composite images of the roman votives of Latium are similar to the composite roman sculptural portrait in the nose width. The morphological differences between the votive portrait and the Roman republican sculptural portrait can be a reflection of really different anthropological types, which does not except the presence of the cumulative (Greeks, Etruscans, Latins) canon of morphological form in votive portraits. Conclusion. The early Roman portrait, represented by two distinctive forms of portraiture, reveals different anthropological types. The extent to which a possible morphological canon of votive heads gifts is influenced by Greek prototypes can be determined by comparison with a composite Greek portrait.
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Yusim, Mark. "“Status Rei Publicae”: from the History of Concepts and Institutions." ISTORIYA 13, no. 1 (111) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018842-5.
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In the Modern Times European political thought definitively adopted the term which goes back to the Latin “status” and translates in Russian as «государство». It signifies the institute of public authority present in one or another form to every people reached a determined stage of evolution. The history of the concept “state” by itself and the establishing of corresponding terminology, including that of different forms of rule, were often discussed and continues to be discussed in modern works on the history and politology. Controversial are the questions on the impact of preceding epochs on the conception of the state and on its definition in the Early Modern Times, in particular in Italian political thought at the beginning of 16th century; such questions will be dealt with in this contribution.
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Proskurin, Sergey, and Anna Proskurina. "Ethnogonic Texts in the Indo-European Tradition." Ideas and Ideals 14, no. 1-2 (March 25, 2022): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2022-14.1.2-317-331.
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This article examines the texts of the Indo-European tradition, which narrate about the myths of the origin of peoples. Thus, a segment of the Anglo-Saxon runic series correlates with Tacitus’s description of the origin of the Ingevon tribe. As a result, the parameters of the ethnically derived text are reconstructed. The parameters explain the choice of the sequence of the runes of the Anglo-Saxon Futhark. The restored text testifies that the Ingevons, who had the totem deity Ing, lived on the shores of the Ocean, and this was their homeland. Ethnogonic texts also tell about the correlation of totem and ethnonym in past eras. The German influence on the choice of the ethnonym Rus, determined by the alliterative connection of the name of the country with the name of Rurikovich, has been explained. The Rurikovich themselves came from the name of the Rhos tribe. Many ethnogonic texts are associated with sacrificial rituals. In this context, of interest is the name Italia, which takes its origin in the sacred texts of the high sacred style. The most ancient Indo-European inscription in the Lusitanian language, written in a high style and telling about the origin of the Veaminikori tribe, is analyzed. The choice of the names of sacred animals is contrasted with the profane names of the Latin prayer to the god Mars. The suouetaurilia prayer bears witness to the repertoire of sacrificial texts about dairy animals. As a result, it becomes clear that the name Italy is derived from the name uitulus in a high sacred style. Thus, the thematic contours of Indo-European texts containing ethnogonic myths about the origin of peoples are revealed. The boundaries between cultures are erased, and the Indo-European prototext comes to the fore, giving impetus to the genesis of ethnonyms, the naming of totems, as well as the names of their own tribal leaders. Thus, we can conclude that the sacred names of young dairy animals are represented in the Lusitanian language. In the rite of sacrifice, the scale of high style is attested. The name Italia refers precisely to the solemn sacred layer of vocabulary, but already as the implicit name of a Latin prayer to the god Mars. In the proportions of a proper name, rules for handling a name are incorporated, which vary from tradition to tradition. Attention is drawn to the special nature of ethnogonic texts that shed light on the origin of peoples. Cultural boundaries can be the limit that generates recognizable patterns that migrate from culture to culture.
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Acconcia, Valeria. "Superare il guado. Riflessioni su archeologia, storia sociale e modelli di autorappresentazione delle disparità: alcuni esempi dalle comunità antiche e moderne." Ex Novo: Journal of Archaeology 6 (February 11, 2022): 125–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/vol6isspp125-157.
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Starting from personal observations about contemporary expressions of gender / age / status-based exclusion and disparity, the paper aims at synthetizing the most relevant theoretical issues about possible ways of self-representation in “traditional” and ancient societies, through the analysis of case-studies from pre-roman communities in Central Italy, focusing on the role of the individuals, as they emerge mainly from the funerary record. After a brief review of the research history, the paper analyses the differences between the Middle-Thryrrenian peoples (as Etruscans, Faliscans and Latins) and those settled along the Middle-Adriatic coast. The formers are characterized by princely burial habits, which probably reflect the role of exceptionally rich individuals (both males and females); on the other hand, in the “Italic” regions of Abruzzo and Molise, the archaic communities seem to be organized on an egalitarian basis and with a lower visibility for adult women, although this may reflect a “contrastive” intent, emphasizing the differences with the wealthy Tyrrhenian lifestyle.
Then, the paper outlines cases of inequality and abuse from the Veneto region and from Etruria and Latium vetus, connecting them also to the phenomenon of ancient and modern slavery and evidencing the impact of individual suffering as a possible incentive towards social change.
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Cuevas Guajardo, Leticia, and Dulce María Guillén Cadena. "Breve historia de la Enfermería en México." Revista CuidArte 1, no. 1 (February 23, 2012): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fesi.23958979e.2012.1.1.69068.
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Los aztecas vivían en el México precortesiano, eran politeístas, ellos sostenían la visión de que los acontecimientos astronómicos podían afectar las funciones corporales, y a la inversa, el comportamiento humano podía afectar el equilibrio y la estabilidad del universo. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">La religión azteca combinaba la religión del Estado con el shamanismo. La enfermedad era el resultado de un mal vivir.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><em style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Ticitl</em><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;"> era el hombre o la mujer que se dedicaba a la atención de los enfermos (enfermera). </span><em style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Tlamatqui-ticitl</em><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;"> era la partera. La enfermera administraba brebajes, ponía lavados intestinales, curaba dando fricciones, colocaba férulas, vigilaba los </span><em style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">temaxcalli</em><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;"> (baños de vapor para que sudando se alejaran los malos humores).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">En el momento en el que se da el encuentro de dos mundos vemos que se inicia en México una nueva etapa histórica, y con esto una nueva manera de practicar la enfermería que ha llegado en nuestros días hasta su profesionalización.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">SUMMARY</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US">The aztecs lived during the pre-columbian period, they used to practice the polytheism and their religion combined beliefs of the state with the shamanism. The aztecs believed that the astronomical events could affect bodily functions, and viceversa, the human behavior could affect the balance and stability of the universe. The illness was considerated as a consequence of a bad behavior. <em>Ticitl </em>was the person </span>(woman or man) who used to take care of sick people. <em>Tlamatqui-ticitl</em> was a midwife. The nurse gave brews, cleansed the patient’s intestines, gave a rub to heal, put splints and checked the temaxcalli (steam baths) because they thought the sweat would help to avoid bad mood. The encounter of two worlds shows a new era in Mexico, as well as in Nursing field, because nowadays it’s considerated as a profession.</p><p> </p>
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Classen, Albrecht. "Miracles of the Virgin in Middle English, ed. and trans. by Adrienne Williams Boyarin. A Broadview Anthology of British Literature. Peterborough, Ont., 2015, 164 pp., 12 b/w ill." Mediaevistik 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_291.
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The admiration and worship of the Virgin Mary in the Middle Ages was simply paramount, both in clerical and in secular literature, in the visual arts, and in music. Mary <?page nr="292"?>appears countless times in legendary literature, and so also in Middle English. She might produce miracles and help miserable people in need if they pray hard enough. Those stories were ubiquitous all over medieval Europe, as Williams Boyarin comments, referring to Latin, French, Anglo-Norman, Provençal, Italian, Spanish, Castilian, Arabic, and Ethiopean (10). I wonder, however, what the difference between Spanish and Castilian might be, and why German, French (Gautier de Coincy) or Swedish, Polish or Czech texts are missing entirely in this list. Nevertheless, the focus of the present book rests on Middle English examples, such as those contained in The South English Legendary, in the Vernon Manuscript, and in the collection produced by the printer Wynken de Worde in 1496.
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Plavinskaia, Nadezda. "La fortune éditoriale du Nakaz de Catherine II en Europe du XVIIIe siècle." Diciottesimo Secolo 7 (November 18, 2022): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ds-13185.
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The Instruction of Catherine II (the Nakaz, 1767) represented an original attempt of the Russian supreme power to introduce certain ideas of the European Enlightenment into the practice of national legislation. The ‘philosophical’ origins of the Nakaz, which incorporated broad borrowings from Western eighteenth-century thinkers, ensured the empress’s work a place among the most liberal texts of the Russian Enlightenment and promoted its spread beyond borders. In the last third of the XVIII century more than thirty editions of the Nakaz in several languages – German, English, French, Italian, Dutch, Polish, Romanian, Swedish, Greek and Latin – circulated in Europe. Such editorial activity attested the great interest of the public opinion in the reforms announced by Catherine II at the beginning of her reign. Nevertheless, the Nakaz translations were not without consequence to the original text, having caused its modifications. An additional point is that most of these translations were initiated or supported by the people connected with Russia by their functions or by their interests.
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Eckerman, Chris. "LUCRETIUS' SELF-POSITIONING IN THE HISTORY OF ROMAN EPICUREANISM." Classical Quarterly 63, no. 2 (November 8, 2013): 785–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838813000268.
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At Book 5.324–37, the DRN’s narrator says that the world is young, claims that the nature of the world has been understood only recently (with the advent of Epicureanism), and asserts that he is either the ‘very first’/‘most pre-eminent’ or, as I suggest here, ‘among the first’/‘among the most pre-eminent’ to turn (vertere) Greek Epicureanism into Latin. It is the last of these three claims that concerns us:denique natura haec rerum ratioque repertast 335nuper, et hanc primus cum primis ipse repertusnunc ego sum in patrias qui possim vertere voces.Commentators and translators persistently interpret the phrase primus cum primis at line 336 to mean ‘the very first’, taking cum primis as an intensifier of primus and providing primus with a temporal denotation. A comment by Reid is typical: ‘The phrase cum primis, as used by [Lucretius], has lost its literal sense, and means “particularly”, “especially”’. It is not immediately clear, however, whether one should choose the temporal (‘first’) or qualitative (‘pre-eminent’) denotation for primus or whether one should allow ambiguity and grant that some readers may interpret the adjective temporally while others may interpret it qualitatively. I suggest that the passage primus cum primis ipse repertus | nunc ego sum in patrias qui possim vertere voces means ‘I myself have now been discovered to be a pre-eminent person, among pre-eminent people, of the type who is able to turn this (i.e. the ratio mentioned in the previous line) into our native tongue’. Cum primis should be understood literally, following standard Latin grammar, as an ablative construed with cum denoting accompaniment rather than as an intensifier. While Leonard and Smith suggest that ‘the phrase cum primis … seems to have originated in the idea of accompaniment and implicit comparison’, here I show that the prepositional phrase cum primis retains its original meaning of accompaniment in Lucretius. As I shall argue, we should be sceptical of commentators who exhort us to interpret cum primis at 5.336 as an intensifier, since the phrase makes good sense, following standard Latin grammar, as an ablative of accompaniment, and Lucretius’ use of the phrase cum primis elsewhere is always qualitative, never temporal. Moreover, several scholars have used 5.336 to date early Italian Epicureans, including C. Amafinius, and the interpretation of 5.336, accordingly, affects Lucretius’ temporal position, as well as, perhaps, his intellectual engagement in relation to Italian Epicureans. There is, then, much at stake in the interpretation of 5.336, since the narrator may be found to be either honest or not (depending on how one interprets 5.336), when he positions Lucretius in relation to the translation of Epicureanism into Latin.
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Bertalot, Valdo. "Il Nuovo Testamento Greco-Latino-Italiano – Conferenza Episcopale Italiana, Roma, 2020." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 27, no. 3(53) (September 21, 2021): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.27.2021.53.03.
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On the same day of the United Nations International Translation Day, the 30th of September 2020, Il Nuovo Testamento Greco-Latino-Italiano was published by the Italian Catholic Bishops’ Conference (CEI), a date chosen by the United Nations in honor of St. Jerome. The publication of the NTGLI presents two specific innovations: 1. at a ‘textual’ level for the most recent editions of the New Testament used (The Greek New Testament-5th Revised edition; Nova Vulgata, Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio, Editio typica altera; La Sacra Bibbia - Versione ufficiale della Conferenza Episcopale Italiana) and 2. at a ‘cultural’ level for the cooperation among different Christian confessions in Bible translating. In 1988 the Conferenza Episcopale Italiana initiated an extensive and in-depth revision of the CEI1971-74 Bible based on the most recent critical editions of the original Hebrew and Greek texts. The new CEI Bible was published in 2008. Created for the liturgical use, with its 1971-74 edition the CEI Bible became the reference text, almost a new Vulgata. The NTGLI is a strategic tool for future translations of the New Testament in the 4,000 languages without a Bible translation, also aiming to contribute to the affirmation of peace for humanity, as stated in the United Nations Charter: “United Nations Charter, Chapter I, Purposes and Principles, Article 1: The Purposes of the United Nations are: To maintain international peace and security...[and] to develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples…”
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Sparacino, Antonina, Valentina Maria Merlino, Simone Blanc, Danielle Borra, and Stefano Massaglia. "A Choice Experiment Model for Honey Attributes: Italian Consumer Preferences and Socio-Demographic Profiles." Nutrients 14, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 4797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14224797.
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Honey production is currently experiencing a great deal of media attention, with many positive attributes of this hive product emerging. The purpose of the study is to investigate consumer preference and what key information informs people’s purchase of honey. This study is based on consumer surveys and experimental evaluation. First of all, the relative importance assigned by consumers to 12 honey product attributes was defined by using the best–worst scaling (BWS) methodology. Secondly, the latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify different honey consumers based on preferences. The findings demonstrate that “health aspects” and “organoleptic compound” are the main categories of information that consumers tend to research. The sample segmentation defined four different consumer clusters: people who value health, sustainability, organic sourcing and quality. Additionally, socio-demographic characteristics such as age, education level and profession also played a part on consumer choice and the characterisation of each cluster. This study can contribute to fostering good nutrition and improving sustainability within communities.
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Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Rocco Spagnuolo, Gabriella Antonucci, Rosa Daniela Grembiale, Cristina Cosco, Francesco Salvatore Iaquinta, Vanessa Funari, Stefano Dastoli, Steven Nistico, and Patrizia Doldo. "Psychometric evaluation of an Italian custom 4-item short form of the PROMIS anxiety item bank in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: an item response theory analysis." PeerJ 9 (October 27, 2021): e12100. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12100.
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Background There has recently been growing interest in the roles of inflammation in contributing to the development of anxiety in people with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID). Patient-reported outcome measures can facilitate the assessment of physical and psychological functioning. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)’s Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) is a set of Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) that cover physical appearance, mental health, and social health. The PROMIS has been built through an Item Response Theory approach (IRT), a model-based measurement in which trait level estimates depend on both persons’ responses and on the properties of the items that were administered. The aim of this study is to test the psychometric properties of an Italian custom four-item Short Form of the PROMIS Anxiety item bank in a cohort of outpatients with IMIDs. Methods We selected four items from the Italian standard Short Form Anxiety 8a and administered them to consecutive outpatients affected by Inflammatory Bowel disease (n = 246), rheumatological (n = 100) and dermatological (n = 43) diseases, and healthy volunteers (n = 280). Data was analyzed through an Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis in order to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian adaptation of the PROMIS anxiety short form. Results Taken together, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Factor analysis suggest that the unidimensionality assumption of the instrument holds. The instrument has excellent reliability from a Classical Theory of Test (CTT) standpoint (Cronbach’s α = 0.93, McDonald’s ω = 0.92). The 2PL Graded Response Model (GRM) model provided showed a better goodness of fit as compared to the 1PL GRM model, and local independence assumption appears to be met overall. We did not find signs of differential item functioning (DIF) for age and gender, but evidence for uniform (but not non-uniform) DIF was found in three out of four items for the patient vs. control group. Analysis of the test reliability curve suggested that the instrument is most reliable for higher levels of the latent trait of anxiety. The groups of patients exhibited higher levels of anxiety as compared to the control group (ps < 0.001, Bonferroni-corrected). The groups of patients were not different between themselves (p = 1, Bonferroni-corrected). T-scores based on estimated latent trait and raw scores were highly correlated (Pearson’s r = 0.98) and led to similar results. Discussion The Italian custom four-item short form from the PROMIS anxiety form 8a shows acceptable psychometric properties both from a CTT and an IRT standpoint. The Test Reliability Curve shows that this instrument is mostly informative for people with higher levels of anxiety, making it particularly suitable for clinical populations such as IMID patients.
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Tryfonova, Hanna Valeriivna, and Iryna Mykolaivna Terentieva. "Problems of Italian Toponyms Translation in the Ukrainian Language." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 14, no. 24 (2021): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2021-14-24-163-170.
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This article systematizes the methods and problems of translating Italian toponyms into the Ukrainian language. It was determined that toponyms can be reproduced in different languages, basing on certain similarities in the sounds or graphics. It’s appropriate to convey sound similarities by transcription or reproducing the sound form by using letters. Graphic similarities should be transliterated by letters. It’s possible to apply the method of modification, which adapts the toponym to the grammatical system of the translation language. There are cases of using of the traditional name when it comes to historical traditions and the international importance of the place-name. It’s appropriate to reproduce Italian toponyms (oikonyms) by transcoding, using transcription, which will provide the adequate perception of toponyms. The resources of the Ukrainian language fully allow transmitting the sounds of Italian toponyms. Some geographical names of Italian cities and regions are translated according to agreed tradition. For example, Firenze – Флопенція, Napoli – Неаполь, Roma – Рим, Sicilia – Сицилія, Sardegna – Сардинія, Puglia – Апулія. The article also identifies the features of the formation and use of Italian place-names. It’s revealed that toponyms are at the crossroads of history, culture and language. Within translation studies, toponyms should be analyzed taking into account the significations they convey. Toponyms can be important evidence about the type of settlement or the presence of certain animals or plants in certain territory. Toponyms can also indicate historical events and social changes in a particular area. The article determines that Italian toponyms take origin from the pre-Latin language and testify to the influences of the Celtic language in northern Italy and the Greek language caused by the colonization in southern Italy, Sicily and parts of Sardinia. Toponyms document the influences of different peoples who came to Italy and were present on its territory. The naming of geographical objects, like any other reality, is due to the ability to read the linguistic nominative code. When giving a name, a person belonging to a certain language community will refer to the words and traditions of his native language.
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Hochdorn, Alexander, Alexia Oliveira, Giulia Lorenzoni, Andrea Francavilla, Solidea Baldas, Paola Berchialla, Alessandra Oliveira, Vicente Paulo Alves, Dario Gregori, and Danila Azzolina. "Monitoring Public Perception of Health Risks in Brazil and Italy: Cross-Cultural Research on the Risk Perception of Choking in Children." Children 8, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8070541.
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One of the most relevant public health issues among pediatric injuries concerns foreign body (FB) aspiration. The risk perception of choking hazards (CH) and risk perception, in general, are complex multifactorial problems that play a significant role in defining protective behavior. Risk prevention policies should take this aspect into account. A lack of scientific knowledge of FB injury risk perception may be evidenced in Brazil and other newly developed countries. This study aims to characterize the differences and peculiarities in risk perception of CH between Italian and Brazilian populations. The risk perception among adults in Italy and Brazil between September and October 2017 was investigated in a survey. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis was carried out to identify the latent components characterizing the risk perception in Italian and Brazilian population samples. The most relevant dimension characterizing risk perception is the “Professional–educational status and the related perception of Risk” (13% of factorial inertia). The Italians identify batteries and magnets as the most dangerous choking risks (20% of responses). On the other hand, Brazilian people, mainly manual laborers (22%) with secondary or primary education (94%), perceive coins as the most dangerous items (30% of responses, p < 0.001). Socio-economic issues characterize the subjective risk perception of Italian and Brazilian survey respondents. In this framework, data-driven prevention strategies could be helpful to tailor intervention strategies to the cultural context to which they are addressed.
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Ricucci, Roberta. "In the Shadow of Bell Towers: The Use of Religious Capital among Christian-Catholic Second Generations in Italy." Social Inclusion 4, no. 2 (April 19, 2016): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i2.496.
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Evidence from some contemporary ethnic groups suggests that ethnic religion may play a strong role in the lives of second generation members. This is evident in recent studies on Muslims living in Europe. But Europe's immigrant population is not just Muslim in origin. Migratory flows from Latin America, the Philippines and Eastern Europe (i.e. Romania or Ukraine) bring people from Catholic and Christian countries to Europe. And—as in the Italian case—these groups are now the majority among the whole immigrant population. Consequently, the almost exclusive focus on the Islamic component has allowed little investigation of the increase of the Christian-Catholic component. The paper describes and compares the religious paths of immigrants’ youth from Peru, the Philippines and Romania, considering the following questions: How do they interact with/develop their religious identity? Is this generation seeking less visible, less participatory means of contact with the church to better integrate with their peers? Or, on the contrary, do they choose, strategically, to reinforce the Catholic part of their identity in order to succeed better in the integration process in a Catholic country?
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Fiume, Giovanna. "Soundless Screams: Graffiti and Drawings in the Prisons of the Holy Office in Palermo." Journal of Early Modern History 21, no. 3 (June 6, 2017): 188–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342544.
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The discovery of graffiti in the early years of the twentieth century by the folklorist Giuseppe Pitré left by prisoners of the tribunal of the Spanish Inquisition in Palermo has been followed by more extensive investigations in recent years. These images and words have added a concrete and particular dimension to Sicily’s position at the crossroads of the Mediterranean. As well as images of saints and naval battles are to be found inscriptions not only in Italian, Sicilian and Latin but also in English and Hebrew. This article cross references this visual and textual evidence with the relevant archives of the tribunal in order to provide a powerful microhistory of suffering and resilience in this most inhospitable of environments. The result adds a new dimension to our understanding of the prison’s organization, judicial proceedings and the impact of the inquisition on the lives and consciences of those people from all over Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, who found themselves unwilling denizens of what must have been perhaps the most international community of prisoners in the early modern Christian world.
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Caprara, Gian Vittorio, Patrizia Steca, Guido Alessandri, John R. Abela, and Chad M. McWhinnie. "Positive orientation: explorations on what is common to life satisfaction, self-esteem, and optimism." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 19, no. 1 (March 2010): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00001615.
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Aim– Literature documents that the judgments people hold about themselves, their life, and their future are important ingredients of their psychological functioning and well-being, and are commonly related to each other.Methods– We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) under the classical test theory, regression analysis, and a cross national design.Results– This study provides new findings attesting to the hypothesis that evaluations about oneself, one's life, and one's future rest on a common mode of viewing experiences which we named “Positive Orientation”.Conclusions– Results from an Italian and a Canadian study are resented, attesting to a latent dimension that lies at the core of positive evaluations and that corroborates the utility of the new construct as a critical component of individuals’ well-functioning.Declaration of Interest:This study was partially supported by Grants from the MIUR, 2002 and 2005, and by a Grant from the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 2002 to Gian Vittorio Caprara. Authors declare “no potential conflict of interest”.
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Pieraccini, Paolo. "Catholic Missionaries of the ‘Holy Land’ and the Nahda." Social Sciences and Missions 32, no. 3-4 (November 12, 2019): 311–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748945-03203020.
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Abstract At the beginning of the twentieth century, some Palestinian and Lebanese Salesians, influenced by the Arab Renaissance movement, began to claim the right to oppose the ‘directorships’ of the institutes of the Don Bosco Society in Bethlehem and the surrounding area. They also began to request better recognition of their native language, in schools and within the religious community. They clashed with their superiors who, in the meantime, had signed an agreement with the Salesian government in Rome, committing them to developing the Italian language in their teaching institutes. The struggle became particularly fierce after the Holy See rebuked the Palestinian religious congregations for teaching the catechism and explaining the Sunday Gospel to people in a foreign language and urged them to do so in Arabic. The clash caused a serious disturbance within the Salesian community. Finally, after the First World War, the most turbulent Arab religious were removed from the Society of Don Bosco. All converged in the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, where they continued forcefully (but in vain) to put forward their national demands. This article is based on several unpublished sources.
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Cavicchiolo, Elisa, Maurizio Sibilio, Fabio Lucidi, Mauro Cozzolino, Andrea Chirico, Laura Girelli, Sara Manganelli, et al. "The Psychometric Properties of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3): Factorial Structure, Invariance and Validity in the Italian Context." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041937.
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Background: Motivation to engage in physical activity plays a central role in ensuring the health of the population. The present study investigated the psychometric properties and validity in Italy of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3), a widely used instrument for assessing individuals’ motivation to exercise based on self-determination theory (SDT). Methods: A large sample (N = 2222; females = 55.4%; Mage = 36.4 years, SDage = 13.9, min = 20, max = 69) of young people, and middle aged and older adults completed the Italian translation of the BREQ-3, also indicating their intentions to exercise in the following weeks. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the posited six-factor structure of the BREQ-3 fitted the data well (CFI = 0.96; RMSEA = 0.05; SRMR = 0.04) and provided evidence for full measurement invariance across gender and different age groups. The construct validity of the BREQ-3 was supported by the latent correlations among the subscales, which were consistent with the quasi-simplex pattern theorized by SDT. The overall level of self-determination and the intention to exercise were positively correlated, providing evidence for the criterion validity of the scale. Conclusions: The Italian version of the BREQ-3 has proved to be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the behavioral regulation of exercise in individuals with different demographic characteristics.
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Samoggia, Antonella, Giulia Grillini, and Margherita Del Prete. "Price Fairness of Processed Tomato Agro-Food Chain: The Italian Consumers’ Perception Perspective." Foods 10, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10050984.
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Food consumers are increasingly searching for emotions and values when purchasing and consuming food. They search for products that ensure social and environmental sustainability, in addition to more common extrinsic product attributes, such as price, packaging, origin, and brand. In particular, there is increasing interest towards product price fairness. The current study aims at exploring consumers’ perception and understanding of price fairness, focusing on the processed tomato products agro-food chain. The study interviewed 832 people. Data were collected through an online questionnaire with the support of Qualtrics software, and data elaboration was carried out with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The elaboration includes an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to identify existing latent factors in the consumers’ perception of enabling agro-food system elements influencing farmers’ reception of fair prices. Then, factor mean values were cross-analysed with socio-economic characteristics and processed tomato consumption habits with Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results support the idea that consumers are limitedly aware of the processed tomato agro-food chain dynamics and consider farmers as the most unfairly remunerated partner. Women and frequently purchasing consumers of processed tomato products believe farmers should be treated more fairly. There is a difference between what consumers perceive as fair price distribution and actual price distribution among processed tomato chain actors. Further studies may focus on how fairness attribute impacts on consumer purchasing behaviour.
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Rickford, John R. "‘Me Tarzan, you Jane!’ Adequacy, expressiveness, and the creole speaker." Journal of Linguistics 22, no. 2 (September 1986): 281–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222670001080x.
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Although linguists like to claim that all human languages are equal in a general sense, differing from systems of animal communication in possessing ‘design features’ like arbitrariness and productivity (Hockett, 1958), they sometimes join non-linguists in expressing the view that some languages are inadequate with respect to the cognitive or expressive resources which they offer their speakers. In the Middle Ages, this charge was commonly levelled against the European vernaculars, and it was sometime before Spanish and Italian were recognized as having autonomous grammatical and lexical resources comparable in regularity and power to classical Greek and Latin (Scaglione, 1984). By the middle of the twentieth century, following on the descriptive work of Boas, Sapir and others, the notion that the languages of ‘primitive’ peoples were fundamentally inadequate had also been eroded, at least in linguistics, anthropology, and other academic circles (Kay & Kempton, 1984:65). Yet, as Hall (1966:106) notes, there is still one group of languages which constitutes the ‘last refuge’ of the concept of inadequate grammatical or lexical resources: pidgins and creoles.
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Rigaux, Maxim, and Stijn Praet. "Editorial Note." Journal of Latin Cosmopolitanism and European Literatures, no. 2 (November 26, 2019): iv—v. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/jolcel.v2i0.15635.
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The image on the cover of this second issue of JOLCEL shows a detail from the so-called Franks Casket, an early eight-century Anglo-Saxon chest made out of whale’s bone, possibly designed to hold a psalter. This artefact constitutes a truly breath-taking nexus of cultural traditions, juxtaposing tableaus as varied as Romulus and Remus being suckled by the shewolf, the mythical Germanic Wayland the Smith at work on his anvil, and the Adoration of the Magi. The scene which has been reproduced here depicts the consequences of the Roman emperor Titus’ sacking of the city of Jerusalem. The inscription in the upper righthand margin starts out in the Latin tongue and script: “hic fugiant hierusalim” (“Here flee from Jerusalem…”). This phrase is then continued vertically, still in Latin but rendered in Anglo-Saxon runes: “ᚪᚠᛁᛏᚪᛏᚩᚱᛖᛋ,” which can be transcribed as “(h)abitatores” (“…its inhabitants”). If we also were to take a look at the left side of this panel (not included here), we would encounter further runic inscriptions in Anglo-Saxon that describe the ancient siege itself. Clearly, Latin and its cultural past are being represented here as being part of a larger and more complex whole, a whole in which, at first sight, they do not even seem to occupy a central position.
This leads us to the present volume’s overarching topic, ‘Latin on the margins’, which has its earliest origins in the Telling Tales Out of School-conference organised by RELICS in 2017. It might come as a surprise to the reader that, only having arrived at our second issue, we turn to the aspect of Latin on the margins. However, by placing these topics at the centre of our journal, and in dialogue with texts that are traditionally considered key texts of the Latin tradition, we seek to reconsider the aspect of centre versus margin in Latin literature, with a particular focus on how education in Latin played a crucial role in this.
Indeed, the three articles we present to the reader in this issue deal with texts that are generally viewed as examples of the use of Latin in the margins. The margins in question are either geographical ones (Tlatelolco in Mexico City) or chronological ones (nineteenthcentury Sweden). This issue hopes to show that what we have come to define as ‘marginal’ is only a question of perspective. In the formation of writers that we consider today to be at the margin of the Latin tradition, Latin education still was—or had recently become—a central element.
Andrew Laird (Brown University) and Heréndira Tellez Nieto (Cátedras Conacyt), in their respective articles, draw attention to the College of Tlatelolco, located in Mexico City. The use of Latin for the instruction of the Nahua peoples was never regarded as a ‘marginal’ phenomenon; on the contrary, Latin was a crucial medium to enhance mutual understanding, which in turn created a new and vibrant dynamic, far from Europe. This explains how Tlatelolco became a new centre for the study of the Latin language and its literatures, in interaction with the indigenous traditions of native Mexicans.
Chronologically and geographically, nineteenth-century Sweden is, undoubtedly, at the margin of the Latin tradition; but, as Arsenii Vetushko-Kalevich (Lund University) explores in his article, for someone like Carl Georg Brunius, author of the longest Latin poem ever written in Sweden, the attempt to rewrite Nordic mythology in classical Latin hexameters probably felt more like a natural reflex than as an anachronism. By reinterpreting the classical echoes in the epic De diis arctois as more than mere “metrical necessities,” Vetushko-Kalevich seeks to give new meaning to the poem.
Finally, in his illuminative response to the articles of this issue, Alejandro Coroleu (ICREA—Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) reflects more deeply on the consequences of this thinking in terms of what he calls “beyond Europe, beyond the Renaissance, and beyond the vernacular.” He makes a plea for the inclusion of these texts that are usually left out of the picture, in order to get a better insight in the aspects which make the Latin tradition a cosmopolitan one.
The second issue of JOLCEL focuses on texts from the (early) modern period, but intentionally goes beyond those of the Italian humanist ideals. The articles analyse the use of Latin in contexts where the idea of translatio imperii is at first sight no longer a logical one: the Latin tradition has to impose itself on already existing traditions, such as the Nahua mythology or Nordic sagas. Interestingly, this imposition soon shifts to a renegotiation of the hierarchy of traditions. Latin, then, becomes a medium in which new traditions emerge.
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Stracqualursi, Luisa, and Patrizia Agati. "Covid-19 vaccines in Italian public opinion: Identifying key issues using Twitter and Natural Language Processing." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): e0277394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277394.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed society and people’s lives. The vaccination campaign started December 27th 2020 in Italy, together with most countries in the European Union. Social media platforms can offer relevant information about how citizens have experienced and perceived the availability of vaccines and the start of the vaccination campaign. This study aims to use machine learning methods to extract sentiments and topics relating to COVID-19 vaccination from Twitter. Between February and May 2021, we collected over 71,000 tweets containing vaccines-related keywords from Italian Twitter users. To get the dominant sentiment throughout the Italian population, spatial and temporal sentiment analysis was performed using VADER, highlighting sentiment fluctuations strongly influenced by news of vaccines’ side effects. Additionally, we investigated the opinions of Italians with respect to different vaccine brands. As a result, ‘Oxford-AstraZeneca’ vaccine was the least appreciated among people. The application of the Dynamic Latent Dirichlet Allocation (DLDA) model revealed three fundamental topics, which remained stable over time: vaccination plan info, usefulness of vaccinating and concerns about vaccines (risks, side effects and safety). To the best of our current knowledge, this one the first study on Twitter to identify opinions about COVID-19 vaccination in Italy and their progression over the first months of the vaccination campaign. Our results can help policymakers and research communities track public attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines and help them make decisions to promote the vaccination campaign.
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Ibragimova, Karina R. "Geoffrey Chaucer’s Little Tragedies: the Category of the Tragic in ‘The Monk’s Tale’." Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 13, no. 4 (2021): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2021-4-80-88.
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The article examines the implementation of the category of the tragic in The Monk’s Tale, which is part of The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. The purpose of this work is to clarify the concepts ‘tragedy’ and ‘the tragic’ in the culture of the Late Middle Ages, as well as their interpretation in Chaucer’s oeuvre. The focus is on the specific understanding of these terms in the Middle Ages: since the genre of dramatic tragedy became a thing of the past along with Antiquity, the word ‘tragedy’ began to be used by poets and scribes of the Middle Ages to specify a distinct type of narration that deals with the power of fate as the main theme. The need to identify what works Chaucer used as examples to follow, as well as to study the peculiarity of the category of the tragic in The Monk’s Tale, determined the choice of methods for the analysis of the material. The research employs culture-historical, comparative-typological, and biographical methods of analysis. It has been established that, relying on the Latin (Boethius) and Italian models (Francesco Petrarca, Giovanni Boccaccio), Chaucer perceived ‘tragedy’ as a variation of the ‘fall of princes’ story. Both Chaucer and Boccaccio were interested in the study of earthly life, the search for a connection between human behavior and human fate, and the image of Fortune. However, the Italian poet did not call his works ‘tragedies’, while Chaucer did: his character, the Monk, tells seventeen stories about the victims of Fortune, among which there were both sinners and relatively innocent people. Our analysis has shown that the main point in Chaucer’s understanding of the category of the tragic is the fundamental incomprehensibility of the ways of fate. Focusing on the category of the tragic, Chaucer receives the opportunity to explore the irrationality of human existence.
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Galderisi, S., A. Mucci, D. Gibertoni, A. Rossi, P. Rocca, A. Bertolino, and M. Maj. "Predictors of real-life functioning in subjects with schizophrenia: A 4-year follow-up study." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.135.
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In a cross-sectional study, the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses (INReP) found that variables relevant to the disease, personal resources and social context explain 53.8% of real-life functioning variance in a large sample of community dwelling people with schizophrenia. In a longitudinal study, the INReP aimed to identify baseline predictors of main domains of real-life functioning, i.e. work skills, interpersonal relationships and everyday life skills, at 4-year follow-up. We assessed psychopathology, social and non-social cognition, functional capacity, personal resources, and context-related factors, as well as real-life functioning as the main outcome. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) and latent change score (LCS) model to identify predictors of real-life functioning domains at follow-up and changes from baseline in the same domains. Six-hundred-eighteen subjects took part in the study. Neurocognition predicted everyday life and work skills; avolition predicted interpersonal relationships; positive symptoms work skills, and social cognition work skills and interpersonal functioning. Higher neurocognitive abilities predicted the improvement of everyday life and work skills, as well as of social cognition and functional capacity; better baseline social cognition predicted the improvement of work skills and interpersonal functioning, and better baseline everyday life skills predicted the improvement of work skills. Several variables which predict important aspects of functional outcome of people with schizophrenia are not routinely assessed and are not systematically targeted by intervention programs in community mental health services. A larger dissemination of practices such as cognitive training and personalized psychosocial interventions should be promoted in mental health care.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Gennaro, Alessandro, Matteo Reho, Tiziana Marinaci, Barbara Cordella, Marco Castiglioni, Cristina Liviana Caldiroli, and Claudia Venuleo. "Social Environment and Attitudes toward COVID-19 Anti-Contagious Measures: An Explorative Study from Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 17, 2023): 3621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043621.
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Social and cultural aspects (i.e., political decision making, discourses in the public sphere, and people’s mindsets) played a crucial role in the ways people responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. Framed with the Semiotic-Cultural Psychological Theory (SCPT), the present work aims to explore how individual ways of making sense of their social environment affected individuals’ perception of government measures aimed at managing the pandemic and the adherence to such measures. An online survey was administered from January to April 2021 to the Italian population. Retrieved questionnaires (N = 378) were analyzed through a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) to detect the factorial dimensions underpinning (dis)similarities in the respondents’ ways of interpreting their social environment. Extracted factors were interpreted as markers of Latent Dimensions of Sense (LDSs) organizing respondents’ worldviews. Finally, three regression models tested the role of LDSs in supporting the individual satisfaction with the measures adopted to contain the social contagion defined at national level, individual adherence to the containment measures and the perception of the population’s adherence to them. Results highlight that all the three measures are associated with a negative view of the social environment characterized by a lack of confidence in public institutions (health system, government), public roles and other people. Findings are discussed on the one hand to shed light on the role of deep-rooted cultural views in defining personal evaluations of government measures and adherence capacity. On the other hand, we suggest that taking into account people’s meaning-making can guide public health officials and policy makers to comprehend what favors or hinders adaptive responses to emergencies or social crises.
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Bonfantini, B., C. Casonato, D. Villa, N. Di Blas, V. Pracchi, and M. Vedoà. "REVEALING THE EVERYDAY LANDSCAPE: INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS FOR HERITAGE EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS. THE SCAR (SCHOOL ACTIVATES RESOURCES) PROJECT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-255-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Italian Plan for Cultural Heritage Education identifies in the training related to cultural heritage the possibility of contributing to the cultural and social improvement of the life of every person, also developing, through a conscious use, the sense of belonging to one or more cultures and territory.</p><p>Given these potentialities, the document reveals a lack of responses to training needs and underlines how the launch of educational courses that put school and university in synergy in the places of culture are among the priorities to be achieved in the period 2016-2018. The Italian Digital School Plan also stresses the importance of a renewed educational approach and effort to promote heritage and provides that all students are offered courses on the digital management of Cultural Heritage. The interest in the heritage, after all, is identified by European policies as part of the right of every citizen to freely participate in cultural life.</p><p>The ScAR (School Activates Resources) project, aims to respond to these requests with an experimental and methodologically innovative action, set in a context rich in critical issues and on a fragile and ScARcely recognized heritage such as that of a part of the Milanese urban periphery. The aim of the project is to promote the shared knowledge of the latent urban patrimony and increase, especially in young people, the sense of belonging to the neighbourhoods, the sense of active citizenship and the responsibility in the common good’s care. Another priority is to provide schools with tools for educational innovation, inclusion, and technological update, to limit early school leaving.</p>
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Sogari, Giovanni, Chiara Corbo, Martina Macconi, Davide Menozzi, and Cristina Mora. "Consumer attitude towards sustainable-labelled wine: an exploratory approach." International Journal of Wine Business Research 27, no. 4 (November 16, 2015): 312–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-12-2014-0053.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate, using an exploratory approach, how environmental values and beliefs about sustainable labelling shape consumer attitude towards sustainable wine. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected with an online survey from 495 Italian wine drinkers in 2013. The survey was advertised through websites, blogs, social networks and emails. Based on background research and literature review, ten hypotheses were tested. Then a structural equation model was constructed using latent variables to test the causal links specified in the model. Findings – The results show that attitude towards sustainable-labelled wine is shaped by both environmental and quality beliefs about sustainable wine, while it is not affected by the economic dimension of sustainability. In addition, age appears to have a slight effect on attitude because young consumers seem to be more interested in sustainability aspects of food products than older people are. Practical implications – The paper suggests that company communication strategies should focus on sustainable issues to meet the requirements of environmentally conscious consumers. At the same time, sustainable certification on wine labels may help wineries to become more competitive using verifiable sustainable claims to differentiate their products. Originality/value – The work adds to the literature on wine marketing by evaluating which variables influence consumer attitude towards sustainable-labelled wine and, at the same time, to what extent sustainable aspects are important during wine purchase.
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Marchese, Valentina, Giorgio Tiecco, Samuele Storti, Melania Degli Antoni, Stefano Calza, Maurizio Gulletta, Francesca Viola, et al. "Syphilis Infections, Reinfections and Serological Response in a Large Italian Sexually Transmitted Disease Centre: A Monocentric Retrospective Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 7499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247499.
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Background: Syphilis infection does not confer definitive and protective immunity against reinfection, and crucial aspects of repeated episodes of syphilis are far from being understood, especially among people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods: In order to explore the burden of syphilis in a large cohort of HIV-negative patients and PLWH, this retrospective study describes the demographics, clinical presentation and treatment outcome of patients with syphilis treated at our clinic from 2013 to 2021. Results: Within the study period, 1859 syphilis episodes (827, 44.5% first infections and 1032, 55.5% reinfections) were recorded. A total of 663 patients, of whom 347 (52%) had PLWH, were considered. Syphilis was mostly diagnosed in males (77%) and European (79%) patients. More than half of syphilis episodes were recorded during the late latent stage (64%) or during follow-up/screening visits for other diseases, while symptomatic stages led to a diagnosis in almost half of HIV-negative patients (p < 0.001). PLWH with syphilis infection were predominantly homo/bisexual (p < 0.001). A significantly higher rate of syphilis reinfection was observed in PLWH, who also demonstrated a higher range of subsequent episodes. The serofast state was found to be similar at the 6- and 12-month follow-up visits. The multivariate analysis carried out in the HIV-positive group showed that an RPR titre >1:16 was an independent predictor for serological non-response. Conclusions: Syphilis reinfections are predominantly diagnosed in HIV-positive MSM. The high rate of asymptomatic presentation among PLWH supports the role of periodical syphilis screening. In PLWH, the only baseline factor associated with an increased risk of non-response was an RPR titre >1:16, while assessment at 12 months after treatment increased the possibility of detecting a serological response, indicating that PLWH have a slower serological response to treatment.
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Bubalo, Djordje. "'Nicolaus Notarius Parserini': A supplement to knowing about the institution of the nomik in medieval Serbia." Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, no. 45 (2008): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi0845231b.
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The sources that refer to nomiks, the notaries of medieval Serbia, are scarce. Therefore, any new item of information discovered about them is invaluable. (All the known data about the nomiks and their documents have been collected and analyzed in the study by Dj. Bubalo, The Serbian Nomiks Special Editions of the Institute for Byzantine Studies of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bk. 29, Belgrade 2004) A document in Latin from Kotor (1368), which I obtained through the kindness of academician Sima Cirkovic, mentions Nicolaus notarius Parserini and his instrumentum publicum. The instrumentum of Nikola the 'notary' is a court ruling pronounced by the Serbian king, Vukasin, in a dispute between two inhabitants of Kotor regarding an unpaid debt. The verdict was pronounced in Prizren on November 1, 1367. In Latin and Italian sources, there is only one instance of a Serbian nomik being called a notary, in a Dubrovnik document dating from 1403 - notar de Nouaberda. Nicolaus notarius Parserini would be the other known case. It is very likely that Nicolaus notarius Parserini was the same person as the Namik? Nikola?d Mat?r? Bozi? prizr?n?sk? (nomik Nikola of the Blessed Virgin of Prizren), known to scientific circles from 1872, when the only surviving document by him was published. The fact that the name, the town and the period are identical, and that the person was a notary, supports this assumption. Nikola was the nomik of the Prizren Metropolitanate. The data in the Kotor document indicates that church nomiks wrote out documents dealing with legal affairs not only connected with the Church but also where the participants were laymen. Before the discovery of this document, by analogy with the competences of the Byzantine church nomiks, the aforesaid was only assumed to be a possibility. The people of Kotor were strictly forbidden by their city statute to take their mutual disputes to the court of the Serbian ruler. That is why the person found guilty in the court of King Vukasin presented a lawsuit against his compatriot in Kotor. The principal evidence of culpability was the verdict pronounced by the court of King Vukasin, which was written in Prizren by the nomik, Nikola. It is known that the documents of the Serbian nomiks had no weight as evidence in the Adriatic coastal communities, where the western type of notary prevailed. Similarly, the people of Kotor were forbidden in their mutual disputes to present Serbian documents as the means of proof. The use of a document written by a nomik, as evidence in the dispute between the two inhabitants of Kotor, did not represent a violation of this ban. The ruling by the court of King Vukasin in this case, did not serve the party in the dispute to prove his rights. Here, it was a kind of corpus delicti, 'an object' that proved culpability.
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Kushch, Tatiana V. "Decline of the Byzantine Thalassocracy." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 22, no. 4 (202) (2020): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2020.22.4.067.
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After 1204, the Byzantine Empire lost control over the Eastern Mediterranean. The restoration of the Empire in 1261, however, did not recover its sea dominance. The Latins, especially the Venetians and the Genoese, who had possessions in the Aegean and the Black Seas and conducted active maritime trade there, established themselves in the region. The importance of sea routes for Byzantium increased dramatically given the territorial dispersion of the Byzantine possessions, the high activity of Europeans in the region, and the growing threat of an Ottoman conquest. This article analyses the specifics of Byzantine sea communications and their role in the fate of the Empire during the period of geopolitical changes between the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Based on written sources, the author examines the condition of the Byzantine fleet, the role of foreigners in ensuring movement within and outside the Empire, and the meaning of the sea communication during the Ottoman sieges of Byzantine cities. The author reveals that the Empire could not provide stable and regular sea contacts between separate parts of its territories and external relations with the West on its own. The decline of the fleet and the lack of material resources forced the Byzantines to use foreign ships as means of transportation. The Italians, especially the Venetians, provided transport to the Byzantine emperors and diplomats who made official trips to the West, transported people and goods within the region, and provided food for the inhabitants of besieged cities. It is concluded that the transport dependence of Byzantium on the Italian maritime republics testified to its economic and political weakness. The loss of control over the sea routes in the Eastern Mediterranean and the degradation of its own transport system contributed to the decline and fall of Byzantium in 1453.
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Śnieżyńska-Stolot, Ewa. "„Anagramy” Marii Kazimiery Sobieskiej." Terminus 22, no. 3 (56) (2020): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843844te.20.013.12371.
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The “Anagrams” of Marie Casimire Sobieski The “Anagrams” of Marie Casimire Sobieski This article concerns the residence in Rome from 1699 to 1714 of Marie Casimire Sobieski, widow of King John III. She belonged to the Accademia dell’Arcadia with occult tradition, and collected cabbalistic manuscripts which today are held in the Jagiellonian Library (Ms 2284). They include numerology predictions (fols. 160r–162v, 194r) described by the queen as “anagrams”. The deciphering of these predictions by replacing the numbers with the corresponding letters of the Latin alphabet enabled the determination of the names and titles of twenty-one persons. The veracity of the deciphering is confirmed by the first two letters of the name which are placed above each numerological representation and by the year of birth of a given person. In addition to Marie Casimire’s son Jakub Ludwik, these are the relatives of the Sobieski family and people related to it by marriage as well as figures of importance to the political life of the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century. It was the abbot Pompeo Scarlatti, the ambassador of Maximilian Emmanuel, Elector of Bavaria, in Warsaw, who made the queen interested in numerology; he accompanied her on her journey to Italy and remained at her court in Rome. Marie Casimire took an interest in numerology predictions after a tragedy in 1704, when her sons Jakub Ludwik and Konstanty were kidnapped and imprisoned by Augustus II, to be released only two years later. However, the majority of these predictions date from the years 1711–1713. Contrary to the tradition of maintaining secrecy, binding at Italian academies, the queen disclosed some of the methods of numerology prophesying; however, except for one case, she did not reveal the content of the prophecies hidden behind the obtained numbers.
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Marciano, Laura, Emiliano Albanese, Kasisomayajula Viswanath, and Anne-Linda Camerini. "The Protective Role of Social-Oriented Digital Media Use in Children’s and Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction During the Covid-19 Pandemic." European Journal of Health Communication 4, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47368/ejhc.2023.101.
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Covid-19 measures have reduced children’s and adolescents’ life satisfaction (LS), a key indicator of well-being. However, we have limited evidence of the longitudinal associations between changes in LS and different types of digital media use throughout the pandemic. Using data collected in Ticino, Italian-speaking Switzerland from 764 children and adolescents (Mage = 12.51, SDage = 4.00, 52% females) over five months starting from September 2020, the current study investigated temporal variations in LS, and how process-oriented versus social-oriented digital media use predicted LS, controlling for socio-demographic variables. Results of the quadratic latent growth curve model showed a steeper decrease in LS at the beginning of the second wave of the pandemic in Autumn 2020. Process-oriented digital media use predicted lower starting levels (i.e., the intercept) of LS, whereas social-oriented digital media use acted as a protective factor against the initial decrement of LS (i.e., linear slope) and positively influenced the rate of change of LS (i.e., the quadratic slope), pointing towards a faster return to baseline levels. Females, adolescents, participants with low subjective socio-economic status, and non-Swiss participants reported lower levels of LS. Results suggest that when in-person social contacts are compromised, social-oriented use of digital technologies should be promoted in young people to obtain and maintain social contacts that are crucial for LS and their well-being. LS may be conceived as a predisposing condition to accumulate, preserve, and restore mental and social well-being, which, in turn, allow individuals to contribute to their community and society at large.
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Cazes, Hélène. "Représentations des textes et des savoirs chez Charles Estienne : la « vive parole » d’un humaniste." Renaissance and Reformation 40, no. 3 (November 24, 2017): 187–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v40i3.28741.
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Homme aux savoirs multiples et homme de vulgarisation, Charles Estienne (1514–1564) s’intéressa à la traduction et à l’édition théâtrale parallèlement à ses activités éditoriales et scientifiques, tant en latin qu’en français. Non pas en marge, mais au centre d’une carrière consacrée à la parole du partage des savoirs, l’intérêt pour le théâtre de Charles Estienne se manifeste d’abord par la traduction française d’une comédie italienne contemporaine, rééditée au moins deux fois, puis par des éditions annotées pour la jeunesse d’une comédie de Térence, l’Andrie, qui se continuent par la traduction française de cette comédie, accompagnée d’un traité sur les Jeux des Anciens. Ces deux pièces de théâtres sont représentatives de l’entreprise de Charles Estienne visant à rendre accessible à un plus grand public les grandes oeuvres du passé classique comme de la modernité italienne. Surtout, ces textes sont conçus pour la représentation, dans un cadre éducatif mais aussi, simplement, pour le plaisir du spectacle théâtral. La mise en français, mais aussi la mise en lisibilité (par des lexiques, annotations, commentaires, abrègements etc.) paraissent de fait constituer une mise sur scène du texte source, qui sera dit lors de la représentation mais également par son médiateur, le vulgarisateur (qui traduit, édite, rend compréhensible et diffuse). Ainsi, la traduction pour la scène illustre une parole humaniste, de la transmission et du partage des savoirs : une représentation de la reprise et de la vulgarisation.
A man of much learning and a man of popularisation, Charles Estienne (1514–1564) was interested in theatrical translation and edition both in Latin and in French, as well as in many other editorial and scientific activities. Interest in theatre was at the centre of Charles Estienne’s career consecrated to knowledge sharing; it manifested itself first in the French translation of a contemporary Italian comedy, re-edited at least twice. Then he produced several annotated editions for young people of a comedy by Terence, Andria. These were followed by the French translation of this same comedy, accompanied by a treatise on the Jeux des Anciens [Plays of the Ancients]. These two plays are representative of Charles Estienne’s endeavour to make the great works of from classical past as well as contemporary Italy accessible to a wider public. Above all, these texts are designed for performance, in an educational context but also simply for the pleasure of theatrical spectacle. The rendering of the French, and the rendering of readability (through lexica, annotations, commentaries, abridgements etc.) stage the source text, which would be spoken during the performance but also stage its mediator, the populariser (who translated, edited, made comprehensible and disseminated the text). Thus translation for the stage illustrated a humanist position on the transmission and sharing of knowledge: a performance of revival and popularisation.
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Mori, Pierluigi. "Brevi cenni sul rapporto tra turismo e letteratura italiana." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Historia 65, no. 2 (May 26, 2021): 135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbhist.2020.2.08.
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"Brief notes on the relationship between tourism and Italian literature. Using literary sources, the essay covers three points in the relationship between Italians and holidays: the first is the transition from vacation to tourism; the second from summer vacation as a moment of rest (mainly in the countryside) to vacation as an opportunity for fun (mostly at the seaside). In addition to these two, we have a third point: in the second half of the Twentieth century, holidays become a mass phenomenon, no longer elitist as they had been until the first half of the same century. They become something possible for most Italians who, especially in August, leave the cities empty. This historical-sociological parable is revisited through literary testimonies that go back to the roots of the mother literature, the Latin one and then it resumes its path, interrupted in the High Middle Ages, around 1300 in conjunction with the first literary testimonies (the triad Dante, Petrarca, Boccaccio). The vacation phenomenon, intended as staying for the summer months in a villa more or less outside the city walls, finds its maximum expression starting from the 16th century with the Renaissance villas of the aristocracy, until it meets the aspirations of the small nobility and of the upper middle class in the 18th and 19th centuries. Crucial testimony is Carlo Goldoni's “Vacation Trilogy”, a triptych of three comedies that actually constitute a single text portraying the vacation phenomenon as a status symbol far from the motivations of previous centuries (vacation as a moment of peace, ‘’otium’’, rest). During the Nineteenth century, holidays are associated with tourism (especially in the thermal baths and in the mountains), while from the Twentieth century, the favourite option is the seaside. However, another change will characterize the use of leisure in the Twentieth century: the birth of mass tourism. With brief literary notes, we try to explain how in Italy holidays have now turned into something with anxiety-inducing traits, especially among young people and not only, in an almost spasmodic search for fun (with Dionysian and Bacchic traits) at the expense of original motivations (rest, leisure, “otium”) in a relationship in which the “horror vacui” seems to have ousted the “horror pleni”. Keywords: vacation, tourism, holidays, literature, Italy. "
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Halimatusa’diah, Halimatusa’diah. "PERANAN MODAL KULTURAL DAN STRUKTURAL DALAM MENCIPTAKAN KERUKUNAN ANTARUMAT BERAGAMA DI BALI." Harmoni 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32488/harmoni.v17i1.207.
Full textAbstract:
Ahmadiyah events in Cikeusik, Shia in Sampang, until the case of Tanjung Balai, are various events of intolerance that often color the reality of our plural society. However, in some other areas with its diverse community, as in Bali, we can find a society that is able to maintain harmony among its diverse peoples and live side by side. This study aims to describe various factors that support inter-religious harmony in Bali. This review is important to overcome the various religious conflicts that occurred in Indonesia, as well as how to create harmony among religious followers. Using a qualitative approach, this study found that the creation of tolerance and harmony among religious believers in Bali, in addition influenced by historical model, also because Bali has a strong cultural capital and structural capital. Cultural capital in the form of local wisdom that is still maintained and also the harmony agents such as guardians of tradition and FKUB also play a major role in maintaining and creating harmony among religious followers in Bali
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