Academic literature on the topic 'Lattice structures'

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Journal articles on the topic "Lattice structures"

1

Pan, Chen, Yafeng Han, and Jiping Lu. "Design and Optimization of Lattice Structures: A Review." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 13, 2020): 6374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186374.

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Cellular structures consist of foams, honeycombs, and lattices. Lattices have many outstanding properties over foams and honeycombs, such as lightweight, high strength, absorbing energy, and reducing vibration, which has been extensively studied and concerned. Because of excellent properties, lattice structures have been widely used in aviation, bio-engineering, automation, and other industrial fields. In particular, the application of additive manufacturing (AM) technology used for fabricating lattice structures has pushed the development of designing lattice structures to a new stage and made a breakthrough progress. By searching a large number of research literature, the primary work of this paper reviews the lattice structures. First, based on the introductions about lattices of literature, the definition and classification of lattice structures are concluded. Lattice structures are divided into two general categories in this paper: uniform and non-uniform. Second, the performance and application of lattice structures are introduced in detail. In addition, the fabricating methods of lattice structures, i.e., traditional processing and additive manufacturing, are evaluated. Third, for uniform lattice structures, the main concern during design is to develop highly functional unit cells, which in this paper is summarized as three different methods, i.e., geometric unit cell based, mathematical algorithm generated, and topology optimization. Forth, non-uniform lattice structures are reviewed from two aspects of gradient and topology optimization. These methods include Voronoi-tessellation, size gradient method (SGM), size matching and scaling (SMS), and homogenization, optimization, and construction (HOC). Finally, the future development of lattice structures is prospected from different aspects.
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Horváth, Eszter K., Sándor Radeleczki, Branimir Šešelja, and Andreja Tepavčević. "A Note on Cuts of Lattice-Valued Functions and Concept Lattices." Mathematica Slovaca 73, no. 3 (June 1, 2023): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ms-2023-0043.

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ABSTRACT Motivated by applications of lattice-valued functions (lattice-valued fuzzy sets) in the theory of ordered structures, we investigate a special kind of posets and lattices induced by these mappings. As a framework, we use the Formal Concept Analysis in which these ordered structures can be naturally observed. We characterize the lattice of cut sets and the Dedekind-MacNeille completion of the set of images of a lattice valued function by suitable concept lattices and we give necessary and sufficient conditions under which these lattices coincide. In addition, we give conditions under which the lattice of cuts is completely distributive.
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Maskery, Ian, Alexandra Hussey, Ajit Panesar, Adedeji Aremu, Christopher Tuck, Ian Ashcroft, and Richard Hague. "An investigation into reinforced and functionally graded lattice structures." Journal of Cellular Plastics 53, no. 2 (July 28, 2016): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021955x16639035.

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Lattice structures are regarded as excellent candidates for use in lightweight energy-absorbing applications, such as crash protection. In this paper we investigate the crushing behaviour, mechanical properties and energy absorption of lattices made by an additive manufacturing process. Two types of lattice were examined: body-centred-cubic (BCC) and a reinforced variant called BCC z. The lattices were subject to compressive loads in two orthogonal directions, allowing an assessment of their mechanical anisotropy to be made. We also examined functionally graded versions of these lattices, which featured a density gradient along one direction. The graded structures exhibited distinct crushing behaviour, with a sequential collapse of cellular layers preceding full densification. For the BCC z lattice, the graded structures were able to absorb around 114% more energy per unit volume than their non-graded counterparts before full densification, 1371 ± 9 kJ/m3 versus 640 ± 10 kJ/m3. This highlights the strong potential for functionally graded lattices to be used in energy-absorbing applications. Finally, we determined several of the Gibson–Ashby coefficients relating the mechanical properties of lattice structures to their density; these are crucial in establishing the constitutive models required for effective lattice design. These results improve the current understanding of additively manufactured lattices and will enable the design of sophisticated, functional, lightweight components in the future.
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Guerra Silva, Rafael, María Josefina Torres, Jorge Zahr Viñuela, and Arístides González Zamora. "Manufacturing and Characterization of 3D Miniature Polymer Lattice Structures Using Fused Filament Fabrication." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040635.

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The potential of additive manufacturing to produce architected lattice structures is remarkable, but restrictions imposed by manufacturing processes lead to practical limits on the form and dimension of structures that can be produced. In the present work, the capabilities of fused filament fabrication (FFF) to produce miniature lattices were explored, as they represent an inexpensive option for the production of polymer custom-made lattice structures. First, fused filament fabrication design guidelines were tested to assess their validity for miniature unit cells and lattice structures. The predictions were contrasted with the results of printing tests, showing some discrepancies between expected outcomes and resulting printed structures. It was possible to print functional 3D miniature open cell polymer lattice structures without support, even when some FFF guidelines were infringed, i.e., recommended minimum strut thickness and maximum overhang angle. Hence, a broad range of lattice structures with complex topologies are possible, beyond the cubic-type cell arrangements. Nevertheless, there are hard limits in 3D printing of miniature lattice structures. Strut thickness, length and orientation were identified as critical parameters in miniature lattice structures. Printed lattices that did not fully comply with FFF guidelines were capable of bearing compressive loads, even if surface quality and accuracy issues could not be fully resolved. Nevertheless, 3D printed FFF lattice structures could represent an improvement compared to other additive manufacturing processes, as they offer good control of cell geometry, and does not require additional post-processing.
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Abusabir, Ahmed, Muhammad A. Khan, Muhammad Asif, and Kamran A. Khan. "Effect of Architected Structural Members on the Viscoelastic Response of 3D Printed Simple Cubic Lattice Structures." Polymers 14, no. 3 (February 5, 2022): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030618.

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Three-dimensional printed polymeric lattice structures have recently gained interests in several engineering applications owing to their excellent properties such as low-density, energy absorption, strength-to-weight ratio, and damping performance. Three-dimensional (3D) lattice structure properties are governed by the topology of the microstructure and the base material that can be tailored to meet the application requirement. In this study, the effect of architected structural member geometry and base material on the viscoelastic response of 3D printed lattice structure has been investigated. The simple cubic lattice structures based on plate-, truss-, and shell-type structural members were used to describe the topology of the cellular solid. The proposed lattice structures were fabricated with two materials, i.e., PLA and ABS using the material extrusion (MEX) process. The quasi-static compression response of lattice structures was investigated, and mechanical properties were obtained. Then, the creep, relaxation and cyclic viscoelastic response of the lattice structure were characterized. Both material and topologies were observed to affect the mechanical properties and time-dependent behavior of lattice structure. Plate-based lattices were found to possess highest stiffness, while the highest viscoelastic behavior belongs to shell-based lattices. Among the studied lattice structures, we found that the plate-lattice is the best candidate to use as a creep-resistant LS and shell-based lattice is ideal for damping applications under quasi-static loading conditions. The proposed analysis approach is a step forward toward understanding the viscoelastic tolerance design of lattice structures.
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6

Majari, Parisa, Daniel Olvera-Trejo, Jorge A. Estrada-Díaz, Alex Elías-Zúñiga, Oscar Martinez-Romero, Claudia A. Ramírez-Herrera, and Imperio Anel Perales-Martínez. "Enhanced Lightweight Structures Through Brachistochrone-Inspired Lattice Design." Polymers 17, no. 5 (February 28, 2025): 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17050654.

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Lattice structures offer unique mechanical properties and versatility in engineering applications, yet existing designs often struggle to balance performance and material efficiency. This study introduces the brachistochrone curve as a novel framework for optimizing lattice geometries, enhancing mechanical behavior while minimizing material usage. Using finite element simulations and compressive testing of 3D-printed samples, we analyzed the mechanical response of brachistochrone-based (B-) and standard lattice structures (diamond, IWP, gyroid, and BCC). We investigated the scaling behavior of the volume-to-surface area ratio, incorporated fractal dimension analysis, and compared experimental and numerical results to evaluate the performance of B-lattices versus standard designs (S-). Our findings indicate that brachistochrone-inspired lattices enhance mechanical efficiency, enabling the design of lightweight, high-strength components with sustainable material use. Experimental results suggest that B-gyroid lattices exhibit lower stiffness than S-gyroid lattices under small displacements, highlighting their potential for energy absorption applications.
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Echeta, Ifeanyichukwu, Xiaobing Feng, Ben Dutton, Richard Leach, and Samanta Piano. "Review of defects in lattice structures manufactured by powder bed fusion." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 106, no. 5-6 (December 30, 2019): 2649–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-04753-4.

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AbstractAdditively manufactured lattice structures are popular due to their desirable properties, such as high specific stiffness and high surface area, and are being explored for several applications including aerospace components, heat exchangers and biomedical implants. The complexity of lattices challenges the fabrication limits of additive manufacturing processes and thus, lattices are particularly prone to manufacturing defects. This paper presents a review of defects in lattice structures produced by powder bed fusion processes. The review focuses on the effects of lattice design on dimensional inaccuracies, surface texture and porosity. The design constraints on lattice structures are also reviewed, as these can help to discourage defect formation. Appropriate process parameters, post-processing techniques and measurement methods are also discussed. The information presented in this paper contributes towards a deeper understanding of defects in lattice structures, aiming to improve the quality and performance of future designs.
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Liu, Tinghao, and Guangbo Hao. "Design of Deployable Structures by Using Bistable Compliant Mechanisms." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (April 19, 2022): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050651.

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A deployable structure can significantly change its geometric shape by switching lattice configurations. Using compliant mechanisms as the lattice units can prevent wear and friction among multi-part mechanisms. This work presents two distinctive deployable structures based on a programmable compliant bistable lattice. Several novel parameters are introduced into the bistable mechanism to better control the behaviour of bistable mechanisms. By adjusting the defined geometry parameters, the programmable bistable lattices can be optimized for specific targets such as a larger deformation range or higher stability. The first structure is designed to perform 1D deployable movement. This structure consists of multi-series-connected bistable lattices. In order to explore the 3D bistable characteristic, a cylindrical deployable mechanism is designed based on the curved double tensural bistable lattice. The investigation of bistable lattices mainly involves four types of bistable mechanisms. These bistable mechanisms are obtained by dividing the long segment of traditional compliant bistable mechanisms into two equal parts and setting a series of angle data to them, respectively. The experiment and FEA simulation results confirm the feasibility of the compliant deployable structures.
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Guo, Zhengjie, Yuting Ma, Tayyeb Ali, Yi Yang, Juan Hou, Shujun Li, and Hao Wang. "Enhanced Compressive Properties of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Gradient Lattice Structures." Metals 15, no. 3 (February 21, 2025): 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15030230.

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Lattice structures are widely used in the aerospace and biomedical fields, due to their lightweight, high specific strength, large specific surface area, good biocompatibility, etc. However, the balancing of the weight and the mechanical properties remains a challenge in designing lattice structures. Combining experiments and simulations, the present work first designs and evaluates the mechanical properties of uniform and gradient topology-optimized Ti-6Al-4V lattices with the same overall porosity of 84.27%, employing finite element simulations. Then, laser powder bed fusion technology is used to fabricate the uniform and gradient Ti-6Al-4V lattices, and their compressive performance is tested. The results indicate that, under longitudinal compression, the gradient lattice structure exhibits good layer-by-layer collapse deformation behavior, achieving better comprehensive performance than the uniform lattice structure. While under horizontal compression, the deformation behavior of the gradient lattice structure is similar to that of the uniform lattice structure, and the deformation is mostly randomly distributed. The cumulative energy absorption of the gradient lattice structure increased by approximately 20% compared with that of the uniform lattice structure. The results provide a technical basis for the integrated design of structural and functional components for aerospace applications.
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Lan, Tian, Chenxi Peng, Kate Fox, Truong Do, and Phuong Tran. "Triply periodic minimal surfaces lattice structures: Functional graded and hybrid designs for engineering applications." Materials Science in Additive Manufacturing 2, no. 3 (September 27, 2023): 1753. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/msam.1753.

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In this work, we propose the strategies for designing radial graded sheet-based gyroid lattice and the approach to hybridizing solid-network-based gyroid lattice and primitive lattice. The elastic property of triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) sheet-based gyroid lattice structures was explored. We also conducted numerical analysis to investigate the effect of functionally graded sheet-based gyroid lattices on the implant application, and explored the elastic properties of the uniform gyroid lattice parametrically with different relative densities based on the representative volume element model. Analytical equations based on the Gibson-Ashby model were generated to predict the elastic properties. Compressive tests on the samples fabricated by the Stratasys J750 were conducted to validate the feasibility of applying hybridization of different types of lattices. A comparison between radial hybrid primitive-gyroid and gyroid-primitive lattices revealed that the compressive behavior of gyroid-primitive was strengthened. We also found that the gyroid-primitive lattice could achieve auxetic compressive behavior. In conclusion, the numerical analysis illustrates that the application of the functional graded gyroid lattices can relieve the stress shielding effect as well as protects the bone from damage. The hybridization of different lattices can not only strengthen the mechanical properties of TPMS structures but also create a counter-intuitive deformation response.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lattice structures"

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Hou, An. "Strength of composite lattice structures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12475.

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Obiedat, Mohammad. "Incrementally Sorted Lattice Data Structures." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3732474.

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Data structures are vital entities that strongly impact the efficiency of several software applications. Compactness, predictable memory access patterns, and good temporal and spacial locality of the structure's operations are increasingly becoming essential factors in the selection of a data structure for a specific application. In general, the less data we store and move the better for efficiency and power consumption, especially in infrastructure software and applications for hand-held devices like smartphones. In this dissertation, we extensively study a data structure named lattice data structure (LDS) that is as compact and suitable for memory hierarchies as the array, yet with a rich structure that enables devising procedures with better time bounds.

To achieve performance similar to the performance of the optimal O(log(N)) time complexity of the searching operations of other structures, we provide a hybrid searching algorithm that can be implemented by searching the lattice using the basic searching algorithm when the degree of the sortedness of the lattice is less than or equal to 0.9h, and the jump searching algorithm when the degree of the sortedness of the lattice is greater than 0.9h. A sorting procedure that can be used, during the system idle time, to incrementally increase the degree of sortedness of the lattice is given. We also provide randomized and parallel searching algorithms that can be used instead of the usual jump-and-walk searching algorithms.

A lattice can be represented by a one-dimensional array, where each cell is represented by one array element. The worst case time complexity of the basic LDS operations and the average time complexity of some of the order-statistic operations are better than the corresponding time complexities of most of other data structures operations. This makes the LDS a good choice for memory-constrained systems, for systems where power consumption is a critical issue, and for real-time systems. A potential application of the LDS is to use it as an index structure for in-memory databases.

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Kouach, Mona. "Methods for modelling lattice structures." Thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Avd.), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260498.

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The application of lattice structures have become increasingly popular as additive manufacturing (AM) opens up the possibility to manufacture complex configurations. However, modelling such structures can be computationally expensive. The following thesis has been conducted in order for the department of Structural Analysis, at SAAB in Järfälla, to converge with the future use of AM and lattice structures. An approach to model lattice structures using homogenization is presented where three similar methods involving representative volume element (RVE) have been developed and evaluated. The stiffness matrices, of the RVEs, for different sizes of lattice structures, comprising of BCC strut-based units, have been obtained. The stiffness matrices were compared and analysed on a larger solid structure in order to see the deformational predictability of a lattice-based structure of the same size. The results showed that all methods were good approximations with slight differences in terms of boundary conditions (BCs) at the outer edge. The comparative analyses showed that two of the three methods matches the deformational predictability. The BCs in all methods have different influences which makes it pivotal to establish the BCs of the structure before using the approach presented in this thesis.
Ökad implementering av gitterstrukturer i komponenter är ett resultat av utvecklingen inom additiv tillverkning. Metoden öppnar upp för tillverkning av komplexa strukturer med färre delmoment. Dock så uppkommer det svårigheter vid simulering av dessa komplexa strukturer då beräkningar snabbt tyngs ner med ökad komplexitet. Följande examensarbete har utförts hos avdelningen Strukturanalys, på SAAB i Järfälla, för att de ska kunna möta upp det framtida behovet av beräkningar på additivt tillverkade gitterstrukturer. I det här arbetet presenteras ett tillvägagångsätt för modellering av gitterstrukturer med hjälp av represantiva volymselement. Styvhetsmatriser har räknats fram, för en vald gitterkonfiguration, som sedan viktats mot tre snarlika representativa volymselement. En jämförelseanalys mellan de olika styvhetsmatriserna har sedan gjorts på en större och solid modell för att se hur väl metoderna förutsett deformationen av en gitterstruktur i samma storlek. Resultaten har visat att samtliga metoder är bra approximationer med tämligen små skillnader från randeffekterna. Vid jämförelseanalysen simulerades gitterstrukturen bäst med två av de tre metoder. En av slutsatserna är att det är viktigt att förstå inverkan av randvillkoren hos gitterstrukturer innan implementering görs med det tillvägagångssätt som presenterats i det här examensarbetet.
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Pugh, David John Rhydwyn. "Topological structures in lattice gauge theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279896.

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Papachristou, Petros G. "Probabilistic relaxation for square lattice structures." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241395.

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AGUILERA, JEAN RODRIGO FERREIRA. "LIGHT LATTICE STRUCTURES UNDER WIND ACTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10538@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
No projeto de estruturas treliçadas esbeltas, um ponto relativamente em aberto é quanto à resposta dinâmica dessas torres sob ação do vento. Já foram observadas várias ocorrências de queda de torres por tais efeitos no Brasil e ultimamente, essas incidências vêm aumentando, trazendo diversos transtornos e prejuízos significativos à sociedade e às empresas concessionárias. Nesse contexto, brotam dois aspectos centrais: a modelagem da estrutura e a discretização da ação do vento. A montagem desses dois cenários é feita com base em um modelo numérico, no SAP2000, de uma torre de 73,75 m de altura da linha de transmissão LT - 103, na Amazônia, e uma torre de TV com 192 m de altura, localizada em Brasília-DF, ambas no Brasil. Para avaliação da excitação do vento, é utilizada a norma brasileira NBR 6123. Em estudo preliminar, propõe-se uma forma de representação simplificada das forças do vento sobre a torre, de modo a serem utilizadas resultantes por módulos, convenientemente distribuídas por seus nós principais, visando-se quer a resposta estática, quer a dinâmica. A torre de TV é ensaiada sob a ação de pulsos isolados do vento de projeto e por sucessões diversas desses pulsos com o intuito de simular rajadas de vento. Investiga-se também, para a ação de ventos normalizados extremos, a resposta linear e não-linear P-Delta do sistema. Em consequência, identificam-se pontos de insuficiência estrutural e, para as ações extremas, ensaiam-se recursos mecânicos para controle dos deslocamentos e esforços máximos produzidos pela ação estática e dinâmica do vento.
The dynamic response of slender latticed tower structures under wind excitation is still an open point in the design of such systems. In Brazil, an expressive number of accidents have been registered, in the last few decades, and a large number of material and financial losses have been equally reported, for both people and industrial plant owners. In the structural analysis scenario, two central points dominate the structural engineer concerns: the modeling of the structure and of the wind action. Two tower models are used, a 73,75m high transmission line trussed structure, LT 103, settled in the Brazilian Amazon Basin and a 193m tall trussed TV tower, built in Brasilia-DF. The wind action on the tower members is computed according to the brazilian recommendation, NBR- 6123. In a preliminary study, a simplified procedure is proposed to evaluate the wind forces on the LT-103 tower sections and to conveniently distribute them on the main tower model nodes (joints). The TV Tower is evaluated under the static and dynamic action of the wind forces, either by isolated pulses or by a train of them to model a wind gust. The tower response is computed under a linear and non-linear P-Delta behavior; some faulting spots are identified in the response reports and a combined vibration control solution is proposed incorporating steel tendons conjugated with multiple tuned mass absorbers. A comparison is also made with the NBR 15307 recommendation and a couple of comments are addressed to those who may intend to apply this regulation to investigate the behavior of slender trussed tower structures.
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Leung, Anthony Chi Hin. "Actuation properties of kagome lattice structures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613328.

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Hammetter, Christopher Ian. "Designing pyramidal lattice structures for energy absorption." Thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3602080.

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Applications for energy absorption materials range from athletic equipment, to vehicle crumple zones, to blast protection for military vehicles and personnel. Many energy absorption structures employ stochastic foams because of their plateau-like stress-strain response that allows for the absorption of large amounts of energy at relatively low stresses over large compressive strains. Periodic lattice structures, when properly designed, provide the same capabilities as stochastic systems, but with a more tailorable response that provides potential for improved specific strength and energy absorption. The present dissertation provides an in-depth study of the pyramidal lattice: one particular periodic structure that strikes a good compromise between performance and manufacturability. Through finite element and analytical modeling, this study identifies key parameters of the geometry, boundary conditions, and parent material properties that determine the compressive stress-strain response of the structure. In conjunction with experimental investigations, these models are used to understand and determine the potential for improving the response of the as-manufactured polymeric pyramidal lattice structures through additional heat treatment and filling the lattice void-space with stochastic foam. Finally, additional models are developed to understand and predict the structural rate effects that arise from inertial stabilization of strut buckling during dynamic loading. Particular emphasis is given to the effects of yield strain and density of the parent material on failure modes and dynamic response. In addition to providing a strong basis for the design of pyramidal lattice materials, this work provides useful insight into the design of energy absorption materials in general.

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Novak, Jurica. "Simulated mesoscopic structures in a ferroelastic lattice." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621535.

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Craig, Adam Patrick. "Novel structures for lattice-mismatched infrared photodetectors." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/82854/.

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Using the interfacial misfit (IMF) array growth mode, GaSb p-i-n diodes were grown on Si and GaAs lattice-mismatched substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) under optimised growth conditions. For the sample grown on Si, an AlSb nucleation layer was used to reduce the occurrence of twinning defects. In addition to the samples grown on mismatched substrates, an equivalent structure was further grown on a native GaSb substrate, for comparison. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to demonstrate that the layers were fully relaxed, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging showed arrays of 90° misfit dislocations with measured periodicities in agreement with atomistic modelling. However, after processing, device dark current densities of 0.9 Acm^-2 and 0.18 Acm^-2 were recorded for the sample grown on Si and the sample grown on GaAs, respectively, at -1.0 V and 300 K. These were compared to the sample grown on native GaSb, which had a dark current density of 0.01 Acm^-2 under the same conditions. Furthermore, TEM analysis revealed relatively high threading dislocation densities (TDDs) of ~10^8 cm^-2. It was proposed that not all the interfacial strain could be accommodated by the IMF arrays, since the array periods (9:8 for AlSb/Si and 13:14 for GaSb/GaAs) were not in exact agreement with ratio of the lattice constants (of AlSb to Si and GaSb to GaAs), i.e. a population of 60° misfit dislocations was still formed. It was therefore decided to investigate the use of nBn detector structures as lattice mismatched photodetectors. Using a design based on an InAsSb bulk-material absorber, a comparison was again drawn between two samples, one grown on mismatched GaAs and a second grown on native GaSb. This time, device dark current densities were found to be relatively similar when comparing the two samples (1.6×10^-5 Acm^-2 vs 3×10^-6 Acm^-2 at 200 K). D^* performance figures were also found to be within one order of magnitude (1.5×10^10 cmHz^1/2 W^-1 vs 9.8×10^10 cmHz^1/2 W^-1 at 200 K). Furthermore, diffusion limited performance was exhibited at all temperatures tested, so that the effects of Shockley Read Hall (SRH) generation were established to be absent (or at least much less significant). It was also found that absorption layer doping of around ~4×10^17 cm^-3 was necessary to ensure diffusion limited performance for the sample grown on GaAs and that, with this modification, diffusion limited performance was achieved even for a sample with a highly lattice-mismatched absorption layer (with higher Sb content and longer cut-off wavelength).While nBn detector structures offer very low dark currents, it will sometimes be necessary to have a detector which is sensitive to very weak signals. In telecoms applications, avalanche photodiode (APD) structures are often used as receivers for long-haul fibre optic systems. However, relatively few avalanche photodiode designs exist for wavelengths beyond 1.55 μm. Two novel separate-absorption-and-multiplication (SAM) APD structures were therefore demonstrated based on the IMF growth mode. In particular, by transitioning the lattice from 5.65 Å to 6.09 Å, it was possible to combine GaSb absorption layers with GaAs and (for improved noise performance) Al0.8Ga0.2As multiplication layers. Multiplication profiles were established using capacitance voltage modelling (together with ionisation coefficients from the literature) and excess noise measurements were then carried out. Through the presence of 1.55 μm photocurrent, it was confirmed that absorption took place in the GaSb regions, with transport to the p-n junction (in the multiplication region) taking place by diffusion. Through measurements showing 0.2
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Books on the topic "Lattice structures"

1

Zhu, K. Nonlinear dynamic analysis of lattice structures. Brisbane: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, 1992.

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Zhu, K. Nonlinear dynamic analysis of lattice structures. Brisbane: Universityof Queensland, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1990.

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Cioranescu, D. Homogenization of reticulated structures. New York: Springer, 1999.

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Beckh, Matthias. Hyperbolic structures. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2014.

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Noor, Ahmed Khairy. Continuum modeling of large lattice structures: Status and projections. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1988.

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M, Mikulas Martin, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. Continuum modeling of large lattice structures: Status and projections. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1988.

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West, Harry H. Analysis of structures: An integration of classical and modern methods. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1989.

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nonlinear Coherent Structures in Physics and Biology (1993 Bayreuth, Germany). Nonlinear coherent structures in physics and biology. New York: Plenum Press, 1994.

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Karl-Heinz, Spatschek, Mertens Franz-Georg, North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division., and NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nonlinear Coherent Structures in Physics and Biology (8th : 1993 : Bayreuth, Germany), eds. Nonlinear coherent structures in physics and biology. New York: Plenum Press, 1994.

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Cohen, K. Passive damping augmentation of flexible beam-like lattice trusses for large space structures. Haifa, Israel: Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lattice structures"

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Loeb, Arthur L. "Lattices and Lattice Complexes." In Space Structures, 123–25. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0437-4_15.

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Nakazawa, Naoya, and Hiroshi Nakazawa. "Lattice Structures." In Random Number Generators on Computers, 33–44. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003410607-4.

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Norris, Andrew N. "Pentamode Lattice Structures." In Dynamics of Lattice Materials, 179–98. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118729588.ch8.

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Cioranescu, Doina, and Jeannine Saint Jean Paulin. "Lattice-Type Structures." In Homogenization of Reticulated Structures, 71–142. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2158-6_2.

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Al-Rabadi, Anas N. "Reversible Lattice Structures." In Reversible Logic Synthesis, 150–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18853-4_6.

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Challapalli, Adithya, and Guoqiang Li. "Structural Optimization of Lattice Structures." In Artificial Intelligence Assisted Structural Optimization, 84–112. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003400165-5.

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Redfield, R. H. "Surveying Lattice-Ordered Fields." In Ordered Algebraic Structures, 123–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3627-4_6.

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Darnel, Michael R. "Totally Ordered Structures." In Theory of Lattice-Ordered Groups, 137–62. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003067337-5.

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Palm, Günther. "Order- and Lattice-Structures." In Novelty, Information and Surprise, 207–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29075-6_15.

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Palm, Günther. "Order- and Lattice-Structures." In Information Science and Statistics, 235–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65875-8_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lattice structures"

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Fry, A. T., L. E. Crocker, P. Woolliams, M. Poole, A. Koko, and C. Breheny. "Tensile Property Measurement of AlSi10Mg Lattice Structures - From Single Strut to Lattice Networks." In AM-EPRI 2024, 207–18. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2024p0207.

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Abstract At present there is no recognized standard test method that can be used for the measurement of the tensile properties of additively manufactured lattice structures. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a methodology that would enable this material property to be measured for these geometrically and microstructurally complex material structures. A novel test piece has been designed and trialed to enable lattice struts and substructures to be manufactured and tested in standard bench top universal testing machines and in small scale in-situ SEM loading jigs (not reported in this paper). In conjunction with the mechanical tests, a finite element (FEA) modelling approach has been used to help cross validate the methodology and results, and to enable larger lattice structures to be modelled with confidence. The specimen design and testing approach developed, is described and the results reviewed for AlSi10Mg.
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Chen, Jiangce, Martha Baldwin, Sneha Narra, and Christopher McComb. "Multi-Lattice Topology Optimization With Lattice Representation Learned by Generative Models." In ASME 2024 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2024-145592.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are often capable of fabricating geometries that are more complex than traditional manufacturing methods. A notable innovation enabled by AM is the fabrication of multi-lattice structures, an advanced design concept featuring an array of heterogeneous lattices in the mesoscale that are arranged to achieve a diverse distribution of material properties at the macroscale. Compared to uniform lattice structures, multi-lattice structures permit greater design freedom and a larger design space, which makes it possible to achieve superior structure performance. However, the expanded design space introduces a substantial increase in the complexity of multi-lattice structure design. There is still lack of an optimization framework that can maximize the physical properties of the macro-structures through fully exploiting lattice diversity while ensuring lattice connectivity. To solve these challenges, this paper introduces a multi-scale topology optimization (TO) framework for multi-lattice structures which simultaneously optimizes the structure topology at macroscale and the lattice heterogeneity at mesoscale. The distribution of the pseudo-densities and lattice parameters are represented by neural networks (NNs) whose weights and biases are the design variables. The spatial gradients of NN over the physical domain reflect the dissimilarity of adjacent lattices. So, the connection between the lattices can be implicitly constrained by restricting the spatial gradients of NNs. The diversity of the lattices is guaranteed through a generative lattice model which is trained over a large lattice dataset and is embedded into the optimization framework. The performances of various NN types are compared, and we found that Fourier Neural Operators (FNOs) have the best flexibility in balancing the lattice diversity and local connectivity. In the design problems of structural compliance minimization under complex loading conditions, our results show that the multi-lattice TO structures achieve a higher stiffness-to-weight ratio than normal TO structures.
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Sundararaman, Venkatesh, Matthew P. O'Donnell, Isaac V. Chenchiah, and Paul M. Weaver. "Topology Morphing Lattice Structures." In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-67531.

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Abstract Planar cellular lattice structures subject to axial compression may undergo elastic bending or buckling of the unit cells. If sufficient compression is applied, the columns of adjacent cells make contact. This changes the topology of the lattice by establishing new load paths. This topology change induces a corresponding shift in the effective stiffness characteristics of the lattice — in particular, the shear modulus undergoes a step-change. The ability to embed adaptive stiffness characteristics through a topology change allows structural reconfiguration to meet changing load/operational requirements efficiently. The concept, of topological reconfiguration, can be exploited across a range of length scales, from (meta-)materials to components. Here we focus on macroscopic behaviour presenting results obtained from finite element analysis that shows excellent correlation with the observed response of 3D-printed PLA lattices. Through a parametric study, we explore the role of key geometric and stiffness parameters and identify desirable regions of the design space. The non-linear responses demonstrated by this topology morphing lattice structure may offer designers a route to develop bespoke elastic systems.
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Ayaz Uddin, Mohammed, Imad Barsoum, Shanmugam Kumar, and Andreas Schiffer. "Enhancing Energy Absorption Capacity of Pyramidal Lattice Structures via Geometrical Tailoring and 3D Printing." In ASME 2024 Aerospace Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ssdm2024-121512.

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Abstract Pyramidal lattice structures have frequently been employed as the core material in the design of sandwich panels due to their impressive weight-specific strength. However, the struts in pyramidal lattice structures bend when subjected to axial, shear, or bending loads, leading to non-uniform stress distributions, especially at low relative densities. The current work introduces a geometrical tailoring scheme that provides the designer with additional parameters that can be adjusted to tune the cross-sectional properties of the lattice struts with the goal of obtaining more uniform stress distributions across their thickness. Specifically, the conventional square and circular pyramidal lattice struts are reshaped into I-beam-like cross-sections, forming a tailored pyramidal lattice. These geometrically tailored pyramidal lattices are 3D printed via the Digital Light Processing (DLP) technique. The quasi-static compressive responses of the lattices are experimentally evaluated in terms of elastic modulus, collapse strength, and energy absorption capacity. Additionally, the collapse mechanisms of the geometrically tailored structures were assessed via a non-linear finite element analysis which was validated against the experimental evidence. The results substantiate the validity of the geometrical tailoring strategy as the reported energy absorption capacity of the tailored pyramidal lattice structure exhibits a significant enhancement up to 64% and 15% respectively. The latter enhancements were attributed to the lateral buckling of struts, prompting the tailored struts to bend sideways during the collapse phase.
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Tang, Tsz Ling Elaine, Yan Liu, Da Lu, Erhan Batuhan Arisoy, and Suraj Musuvathy. "Lattice Structure Design Advisor for Additive Manufacturing Using Gaussian Process." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67282.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) exemplifies the potential of lattice structures to revolutionize structural design. It enables light weight lattice structures to be produced while maintaining the desirable structural performance. Lattice design can vary in different shapes and dimensions. Obtaining the structural performance of a particular lattice structure design is not a straight-forward process. Significant effort is required to perform mechanical testing experiments or to perform finite element analysis (FEA) to characterize the lattice design. In view of that, a guidance system to determine lattice design parameters based on desired functional performance for a specific lattice type is developed, which can be used in interactive design processes and workflows. Homogenization using FEA experiments is applied to characterize the macroscopic lattice structural properties. Mechanical properties of orthotropic cubic lattice f2ccz are estimated. It follows with a design of experiment study to characterize the effective structural properties of 39 lattices with respect to lattice design parameters (unit cell length and strut diameter). A Gaussian process is applied to develop models relating the lattice design parameter to macroscopic structural properties (forward model), and vice versa (inverse model). Both the forward and inverse models are examined and shown to be capable of modeling the FEA experimental dataset of 39 lattices. To illustrate the potential application of the lattice design advisor framework, a structural design use case including lattice part is presented. In the use case, the lattice structure design advisor is proven to be able to estimate an accurate homogenized material property of arbitrary lattice design parameter. This lattice structure design advisor can simplify and streamline the design, modeling and simulation process of lattice-filled structural designs.
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McConaha, Matthew, and Sam Anand. "Design of Stochastic Lattice Structures for Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8439.

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Abstract With recent development of additive manufacturing methods, topology optimization, an increased focus on the generation of designs which maximize material efficiency by lightweighting has gained considerable interest. Lattice structures are one of the popular methods chosen by design engineers for constructing highly complex, functional geometries which are only manufacturable by additive processes. Stochastic lattices have been finding their way into additively manufactured geometries due to their strength at low volume fraction, as well as the ease of implementation with various generative design tools on the market. However, optimization of these stochastic lattices for maximizing part strength and stiffness is a research topic that has been largely overlooked. By tweaking stochastic lattice generation procedures, non-isotropic structures can be generated and these directional strength properties can be exploited. This paper describes a method for homogenizing the effective properties of non-isotropic stochastic lattices generated using stretched Voronoi tessellations, optimization of the stretching aspect ratio and angle within a part design space, and generation of the non-isotropic and smoothly graded Voronoi-based stochastic lattice structures for that design space. The method was applied to a case study of a cantilever beam with nine different Voronoi lattice configurations. Stiffness of parts designed using this procedure was found to be significantly higher than parts designed using an isotropic design.
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Radics, Janos P., and Levente Szeles. "Investigating The Load-Bearing Capacity Of Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures." In 35th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2021-0133.

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Additive manufacturing provides unprecedented design freedom from the product’s external appearance to the internal structure. Additively manufactured parts, objects can be designed with cellular lattice structures as infills. The application of lattice structures can reduce the required amount of material and desired properties can be assigned to certain objects. There are several different lattice structures each with its own unique, exclusive property or properties. In this study a wide spectrum of so called ‘auxetic’ and standard lattice structures will be compared using finite element method and compression laboratory tests. The considered auxetic and non-auxetic cellular structures are based on the result of other researches. Along with the aforementioned existing lattices several new structures were proposed. Nine distinct additively manufactured specimens were compared.
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Leung, Anthony, Digby Symons, and Simon Guest. "Actuation of Kagome Lattice Structures." In 45th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-1525.

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Venugopal, Vysakh, Matthew McConaha, and Sam Anand. "Topology Optimization for Multi-Material Lattice Structures With Tailorable Material Properties for Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2989.

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Abstract Structurally optimized lattices have gained significant attention since the commercialization of additive manufacturing (AM). These lattices, which can be categorized as metamaterials, are used in aviation and aerospace industries due to their capacity to perform well under extreme structural, thermal, or acoustic loading conditions. This research focuses on the design of a unit cell of a multi-material lattice structure using topology optimization to be manufactured using multi-material additive manufacturing processes. The algorithm combined with octant symmetry and support elimination filters yields optimized unit cells with overall reduction in effective coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity with high mechanical strength. Such unit cells can be used in multi-material additive manufacturing to generate lattice structures with optimized structural and thermal properties.
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Abdelaal, Ahmed F., Khaled Al-Athel, Abba Abubakar, Usman Ali, and Syed Sohail Akhtar. "Computational Analysis of the Compressive Behavior of TPMS Graded Lattice Structures Versus Primitive TPM Lattice Structures Produced by Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-113259.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) provides an opportunity to fabricate complex geometries such as lattice structures that have unique mechanical, thermal, and fluid-dynamic properties, which are difficult to achieve using traditional subtractive methods. Lattice structures are utilized in the lightweight of automotive and aerostructures, sandwich cores, energy absorption, and blast protection. To ensure that the lattice-structured parts meet the required design criteria such as stiffness and strength, it is important to predict their mechanical behavior accurately. Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) are widely used for designing lattice structures due to their unique geometric properties. Although graded TPMS lattice structures have been shown to improve their mechanical properties by tailoring their properties across the structure, there is still a lack of understanding of how the graded structure affects their compressive behavior. This study aims to compare the compressive behavior of the Schwarz-diamond (SD) TPMS lattice structures for graded and primitive produced by additive manufacturing. Finite element analysis is used to capture the effect of both lattice structures on the mechanical behavior. This study provides valuable insights into the compressive behavior of SD-TPMS lattice structures and contributes to improved design and optimization techniques for additive-manufactured lattice structures.
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Reports on the topic "Lattice structures"

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Fry, A. T., L. E. Crocker, M. J. Lodeiro, M. Poole, P. Woolliams, A. Koko, N. Leung, D. England, and C. Breheny. Tensile property measurement of lattice structures. National Physical Laboratory, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47120/npl.mat119.

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Williams, James H., and Jr. Wave Propagation and Dynamics of Lattice Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada190037.

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Williams, James H., and Jr. Wave Propagation and Dynamics of Lattice Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada190611.

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Williams, James H., and Jr. Wave Propagation and Dynamics of Lattice Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada170316.

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Skowronski, Marek, and D. W. Greve. Growth of Lattice Matched Nitride Alloys and Structures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada354115.

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Hughes, Nathan. Computed Tomography (CT) Analysis of 3D Printed Lattice Structures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1975633.

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Basseville, Michele, Albert Benveniste, and Alan S. Willsky. Multiscale Autoregressive Processes. Part 2. Lattice Structures for Whitening and Modeling. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada264600.

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Pepi, Marc, Jennifer Sietins, Paul Moy, Vincent Wu, Ray Wildman, Rich Martukanitz, Corey Dickman, et al. Design, Inspection, and Testing of As-Built and Infiltrated Additively Manufactured Aluminum Lattice Truss Structures. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1177016.

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Dervenagas, P. Neutron scattering studies of RENi{sub 2}B{sub 2}C: Magnetic structures and lattice dynamics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/249272.

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Wolf, R. J., and K. A. Mansour. Molecular modeling of metal hydrides: 2. Calculation of lattice defect structures and energies utilizing the Embedded Atom Method. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6335193.

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