Journal articles: 'Laundry Detergent'

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Vukanac, Ivana, Aleksandar Kandic, Mirjana Djurasevic, Bojan Seslak, Igor Celikovic, Aleksandar Jevremovic, and Suzana Bogojevic. "Radionuclide content in laundry detergents commercially available on the Serbian market and assessment of radiological environmental hazards." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 32, no. 4 (2017): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1704366v.

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Laundry detergents are chemicals widely used in everyday life, and in numerous industry branches. In order to perceive the radiological aspect of environmental pollution by wastewater, the analysis of laundry detergents available on the Serbian market was undertaken. Laundry detergent samples were measured by means of gamma spectrometry and the results are presented in this paper. Analysis of the obtained activity concentrations showed that laundry detergents in Serbia mostly fulfill the international recommendation and requirements regarding the phosphate content. Besides that, the content of the detected radionuclides in laundry detergent samples indicates the minor radiological risk to the environment via wastewaters.

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Johnson, Mary B., Elaine Cella, Amanda Pessler, Dan B. Dillard, and Andy Sullivan. "Enhancing Patient Compliance for Usage of Laundry Detergents Free of Dyes and Perfumes: Potential Impact of Better Cleaning Performance." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 4, no. 3 (May 8, 2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.4.3.4.

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Sensitive skin, an often self-reported condition, is characterized by an unpleasant sensory experience to a variety of consumer products. Certain ingredients in consumer products, such fragrances and dyes, are believed to exacerbate skin sensitivities. Due to an increased prevalence of people reporting sensitive skin, a variety of consumer products are formulated for people with this condition. A segment of commercially marketed laundry detergents, commonly known as free detergents, have been formulated without dyes and perfumes to accommodate skin sensitivities. In the US and Canada respectively, 80% and 97% of dermatologist recommend the use of free detergents for their patients with sensitive skin. However, consumers have expressed dissatisfaction with free detergents, with 39% reporting they are not satisfied with their free detergent’s cleaning performance. When people switch from the leading free laundry detergent, they will switch to a non-free detergent 60% of the time, going against dermatologist recommendations and potentially further aggravating their skin sensitivities. Recently, a survey of US households with sensitive skin showed that 98.8% said that they would be more likely to consistently use a detergent that cleans better. Herein are reported data showing Tide Pods Free & Gentle outperformed other free detergents in cleaning across a wide variety of laundry stains and in SEM visual analysis of soil residues on fibers. It is postulated that the better cleaning detergent may help drive patient compliance with dermatologist recommendations for usage of a free detergent for their patients with sensitive skin.

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Nisa, Adninda Huda, Mela Firdaust, and Bayu Chondro Purnomo. "DESKRIPSI KUALITAS DAN KUANTITAS LIMBAH CAIR USAHA LAUNDRY DI KELURAHAN SUMAMPIR KECAMATAN PURWOKERTO UTARA KABUPATEN BANYUMAS TAHUN 2018." Buletin Keslingmas 38, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/keslingmas.v38i2.4875.

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Background The development of laundry business in the increasingly rapid in Sumampir village make the aquatic environment in the region to be foamy and overgrown with microalgae. Research purposes to describe and to know the quality and quantity of waste water of laundry in Sumampir Village. Type of research, descriptive research. The subjects 9 laundry business, parameters measured are phosphate content of waste water, detergent type, detergent composition, detergent dosage, volume of waste water, frequency of waste water disposal and waste water management from laundry business.The results 89% of laundry business with average phospate 0,76 mg/L (content appropriate) and 11% laundry business with phosphate level of 5.84 mg/L (did not appropriate), 67% of the laundry business used liquid detergent, soft and matic top load type and 33% of respondents used powder detergent, hard and matic front load, 44% of respondents did not use detergents according to the type of washing machine. Detergent composition used by laundry business that is 25% Total Surfactant, Antibacterial Agent, Sodium Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate and Natrium Carbonate 20%. The majority of the detergent dosage used by the laundry business is 23 ml. The average volume of waste water produced from 9 laundry business 1038.57 liters/day. Average frequency of waste water disposal from 9 laundry business 13 times/day and 100% laundry business does not manage the waste water and does not have a waste water treatment facilities. Conclusion, the quality and quantity of wastewater at laundry business in Sumampir Village is at risk of environmental pollution

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X.Cai, X. Cai, and Sergei Ostroumov. "NEW EXAMPLE OF USE OF LENS CULINARIS FOR PHYTOASSAY OF ECOTOXICITY OF CHEMICALS." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 11, no. 01 (February 28, 2021): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/1101202117.

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Previously, toxicity of some synthetic detergents (including laundry detergents) to the plant seedlings of several species of terrestrial higher plants was discovered in research conducted at Moscow University by S.A.Ostroumov. A new example of toxicity of a laundry detergent to plant seedlings was found in this study. The synthetic detergent tested, namely the liquid laundry detergent (LLD) “Blue Moon”, which was manufactured by Blue Moon Group Co, Ltd (Guangzhou, China), produced noticeable phytotoxic effects on the plant seedlings of the terrestrial higher plant Lens culinaris. This detergent at the concentrations 0.5 % - 1% induced a pronounced decrease in the average root length of the seedlings of Lens culinaris. The concentration 5% was lethal to Lens culinaris. Keywords: ecotoxicity, detergent, bioassay, terrestrial higher plants, plant seedlings, root elongation, phytotoxicity, environmental toxicology, Lens culinaris

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Hu, Shan, Bo Zhang, and Yi Xu. "Using electric flocculation to treat domestic laundry wastewater with different types of detergents." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126104008.

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Laundry wastewater contains a large number of surfactants, suspended solids and other pollutants, and the COD value is high. If the wastewater is discharged into the water without harmless treatment, it will cause serious environmental pollution. The electrocoagulation process was selected as a promising environmentally friendly technology for treating domestic laundry wastewater. In this paper, the contribution of the liquid and powder detergents to the composition of domestic laundry wastewater was investigated. Combination of stainless steel and aluminum anode electrodes were compared. The effect of electrolysis time and current density on the removal of COD, LAS and turbidity of liquid detergent and powder detergent laundry wastewater were evaluated. The experimental results showed the electrocoagulation process has significant removal. It was found that the electrolysis time in 25 minute, current density in 5 mA/cm2 had optimum efficiency when considering efficient removal and economic energy consumption. For Liquid detergent laundry wastewater, COD, LAS and turbidity removal rates were 84%, 93% and 96%. For powder detergent laundry wastewater, COD, LAS and turbidity removal efficiency were 80%, 83% and 91%, respectively. Energy consumption in the optimum conditions for liquid detergent and powder detergent laundry wastewater by electrocoagulation were 7.324KWh/m3, 3.642KWh/m3, respectively, while using combination of stainless steel and aluminum anode electrodes equals 1 to 1.

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Jasman, Jasman, and Anselmus Kabuhung. "Pemanfaatan Batu Kapur Dan Tempurung Kelapa Dalam Pengolahan Limbah Detergen." Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan 10, no. 1 (September 13, 2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47718/jkl.v10i1.881.

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Disposing of detergent waste into water bodies, both rivers and sea will affect biota in water, as the results of stated that the effect of laundry waste on nila mortality has a significant influence and differences in each concentration. A research on the design of appropriate technology for processing laundry waste (detergent) is required by using a combination of limestone and coconut shell filter media. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of limestone and coconut shell filter media to reduce detergent content, pH and TSS in wastewater. Quasi-experimental research methods with pre-test and post test design. Population and research samples are waste taken from laundry waste. The research data will be analyzed univariately in a descriptive and bivariate form with statistical analysis using the T-test. The results of the study laundry processing (detergent) using limestone and coconut shell media can reduce the content of detergents (39.75% - 67.14%), pH (0.89% - 4.68%) and TSS (0.00% - 96.72%). T test results show that there are very significant differences before and after treatment, meaning that waste treatment can reduce the content of detergents in laundry wastewater.

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Moss, M. A. J., G. M. Baillely, and A. Busch. "Laundry detergent composition." Zeolites 18, no. 1 (January 1997): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-2449(97)85043-9.

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Settimi, Laura, Felice Giordano, Laura Lauria, Anna Celentano, Fabrizio Sesana, and Franca Davanzo. "Surveillance of paediatric exposures to liquid laundry detergent pods in Italy." Injury Prevention 24, no. 1 (February 10, 2017): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042263.

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ObjectiveTo analyse paediatric exposures to pod and traditional laundry detergents in Italy and changes in exposure trends.MethodsAnalyses of a series of patients aged <5 years and exposed to laundry detergents between September 2010 and June 2015, identified by the National Poison Control in Milan.ResultsIn comparison with patients exposed to traditional laundry detergents (n=1150), a higher proportion of those exposed to pods (n=1649) were managed in hospital (68% vs 42%), had clinical effects (75% vs 22%) and moderate/high severity outcomes (13% vs <1%). Exposure rates were stable over time for traditional detergents (average 0.65 cases/day), but an abrupt decline in major company pods was seen in December 2012, 4 months after the introduction of opaque outer packaging (from 1.03 to 0.36 cases/day and from 1.88 to 0.86 cases/million units sold). The odds of clinical effects was higher for exposure to pods than for traditional detergents (OR=10.8; 95% CI 9.0 to 12.9). Among patients exposed to pods, the odds of moderate/high severity outcomes was four times higher for children aged <1 years than for the other age groups (OR=3.9; 95% CI 2.2 to 7.0). Ten children exposed to laundry detergent pods had high severity outcomes while no children exposed to traditional laundry detergents developed high severity effects.ConclusionsThe study confirms that exposure to laundry detergent pods is more dangerous than exposure to traditional detergents. In Italy, 4 months after the introduction of opaque outer packaging by a major company, product-specific exposure rates decreased sharply, suggesting that reducing visibility of laundry detergent pods may be an effective preventive measure. Further efforts are needed to improve safety.

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Afreen, Sadia. "Developing A New Combination And Proportion Of Chemicals For The Production Of Laundry Detergent At Low Cost In Context Of Bangladesh." Journal of Chemical Engineering 26 (March 24, 2012): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v26i1.10184.

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This work proposes a new combination and proportion of chemicals available in the local market to prepare laundry detergent at low cost in context of Bangladesh. The proposed formula ensures good foaming and washing quality of the detergent that can compete the existing other laundry detergents in the market. The pH of the product is maintained at 10 which is close to that of other detergent powder being sold in market now. The cost analysis in accordance with the proposed formula shows that the production of 1 kg detergent powder costs 20-25 BDT; therefore, can be sold at a price lower than the other detergents available in market. The proposed formula can reduce the selling price of the detergent at 40-45 BDT, whereas the other companies are selling it from 50-140 BDT in the market. This offers a new scope to produce laundry detergent at a very low cost as well as good washing performance of the product using the locally available chemicals in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v26i1.10184 JCE 2011; 26(1): 50-53

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Mulyasari, Tri Marthy. "EFFECTIVENESS OF "SM" TOOL TO REDUCE DETERGENT LEVELS IN LAUNDRY WASTEWATER." Buletin Keslingmas 39, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/keslingmas.v39i4.6587.

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Introduction: The use of detergent every year is increasing in line with the population growth rate in Indonesia. The impact of excessive use of detergent will result in pollution and damage to ecosystems and aquatic biota. The nature of detergents is to damage microorganisms. The dominant laundry waste comes from softeners and detergents. The research aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the "SM" tool to reduce detergent levels in laundry wastewater. Methods: This type of research was pre-experimental with a one-shot case study design. The independent variable was a tool to recycle laundry liquid waste into clean water "SM." The dependent variable was the detergent level (MBAS). The sample came from the laundry in the Kecamatan Baturraden area. Replication was carried out six times. Analyzing differences in detergent levels before and after being treated with the "SM" tool. The analysis used a paired T test. Result and discussion: The experimental results showed the “SM” tool could treat 960 liters of wastewater/day. The physical quality of the water after being treated using the “SM” tool, the water was colorless or clear, but it still smelled slightly fragrantly. The average level of detergent level checks before processing was 2.52 mg/L and after processing was 0.01 mg/L. The effective detergent parameter (MBAS) decreased by 99.51%, categorized as quite effective. The analysis using the paired T Test showed the p value of 0.239 with the lower and upper values being at one pole, meaning there was a significant difference between detergent levels before and after being processed utilizing the "SM" tool. Conclusion: Detergent levels (MBAS) after processing met the chemical quality requirements of clean water in accordance with Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 32 of 2017 concerning Environmental Health Quality Standards and Water Health Requirements for Sanitation Hygiene, Solus Per Aqua and Public Bathing Needs.

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Beuhler, Michael C., Payal K. Gala, Heather A. Wolfe, Peter A. Meaney, and Fred M. Henretig. "Laundry Detergent “Pod” Ingestions." Pediatric Emergency Care 29, no. 6 (June 2013): 743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pec.0b013e318294f3db.

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Lim, Rodrick, and Karen E. Forward. "Laundry Detergent Pod Ingestion." Pediatric Emergency Care 29, no. 9 (September 2013): 1053–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pec.0b013e3182a36217.

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Chauhan, Mamta, Rajinder Singh Chauhan, and Vijay Kumar Garlapati. "Evaluation of a New Lipase fromStaphylococcussp. for Detergent Additive Capability." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/374967.

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Lipases are the enzymes of choice for laundry detergent industries owing to their triglyceride removing ability from the soiled fabric which eventually reduces the usage of phosphate-based chemical cleansers in the detergent formulation. In the present study, a partially purified bacterial lipase fromStaphylococcus arlettaeJPBW-1 isolated from the rock salt mine has been assessed for its triglyceride removing ability by developing a presoak solution so as to use lipase as an additive in laundry detergent formulations. The effects of selected surfactants, commercial detergents, and oxidizing agents on lipase stability were studied in a preliminary evaluation for its further usage in the industrial environment. Partially purified lipase has shown good stability in presence of surfactants, commercial detergents, and oxidizing agents. Washing efficiency has been found to be enhanced while using lipase with 0.5% nonionic detergent than the anioinic detergent. The wash performance using 0.5% wheel with 40 U lipase at 40°C in 45 min results in maximum oil removal (62%) from the soiled cotton fabric. Hence, the present study opens the new era in enzyme-based detergent sector for formulation of chemical-free detergent using alkaline bacterial lipase.

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Stevens, Daryl, Peter Dillon, Declan Page, Michael Warne, and Guang Guo Ying. "Assessing environmental risks of laundry detergents in greywater used for irrigation." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2011.027.

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The objective of this study was to assess the environmental risk posed to Australian and New Zealand ecosystems by the presence of powdered laundry detergents in greywater used for irrigating gardens. Fifty powdered laundry detergents were assessed and all contained hazards which posed moderate to very high risks from increased alkalinity, sodicity and salinity to plants and soils when used at manufacturer-recommended doses and the resulting greywater used for irrigation. A number of detergents had phosphorus and boron concentrations considered to be a high risk for a number of plants. Risk to groundwater quality was also evaluated and found to potentially be a tighter constraint than risk to plants and soil where irrigation reuse is extensive in arid areas. A detergent environmental performance index was composed on risks assessed for three scenarios to compare with a washability performance index for the same powders. Only one detergent exceeded the 80% environmental index (100% = low risk from all hazards assessed) and maintained wash performance above 85%. The analysis suggests that for poorly drained soils greywater reuse is not recommended for most of the powdered laundry detergents evaluated. However the methodology may provide a basis for environmental labelling of detergents.

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YONEYAMA, Yuji. "Environment Activities of Laundry Detergent." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 85, no. 1 (2012): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai.85.14.

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Quail, M. Thomas. "Preventing laundry detergent pod toxicity." Nursing 48, no. 5 (May 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000531886.37396.ac.

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Kalak, Tomasz, Krzysztof Gąsior, Daria Wieczorek, and Ryszard Cierpiszewski. "Improvement of washing properties of liquid laundry detergents by modification with N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate sulfobetaine." Textile Research Journal 91, no. 1-2 (June 28, 2020): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517520934161.

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Detergency of commercial liquid detergents before and after modification with SB3C16 (5%, m/m) sulfobetaine (N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate) was examined using colorimetric analysis based on a CIELab system. The EMPA 101 standard cotton fabric soiled with carbon black and olive oil was used in washing tests under the following experimental conditions: the concentration of liquid laundry detergents 1.25–50 g/L, 30 min washing cycle, water hardness 5.35 mval/L, 40℃, 200 rpm. Results of physicochemical analysis of color, form, odor, pH, viscosity, density and content of anionic surfactants in detergents, as well as construction parameters of tested cotton fabrics, showed compliance with the requirements of standards and manufacturers’ declarations. The studies revealed that increasing the concentration of laundry detergent solutions caused a gradual increase in foaming power and detergency. Modification with SB3C16 positively improved washing ability and the maximum values were achieved at 23.7% (m-L1, 50 g/L) and 37% (m-L2, 40–45 g/L), respectively. Detergency efficiency was improved by 6.86% (m-L1) and 10.72% (m-L2) on average. EMPA 101 fabrics before and after washing were subjected to microscopic observations, which showed no serious damage to the fibers, but only slight loosening of individual fibers. In summary, the results clearly indicate that SB3C16 sulfobetaine favorably improves washing performance and can be successfully used in liquid laundry detergents due to its good surface properties.

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Klint, Erik, and Gregory Peters. "Sharing is caring - the importance of capital goods when assessing environmental impacts from private and shared laundry systems in Sweden." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 26, no. 6 (April 8, 2021): 1085–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-021-01890-5.

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Abstract Purpose Previous studies on environmental impacts from domestic laundry have tended to focus solely on private washing machines and detergent. However, public procurement guidelines about the construction of laundry spaces may also be important. This article aims to expand the scope of previous work so that it also includes tumble drying and the building space. By doing this, we examine the potential for shared systems (which are common in Sweden) to reduce the environmental impacts of laundry activities, in comparison with consumer choices associated with machine operation (i.e., wash temperature and amount of detergent). Methods An LCA model was created using product information data from the European Union. Emissions from building use were taken from Swedish cradle-to-grave reports on energy-efficient buildings. The resulting model was run with additional sensitivity analysis of the variables, and the associated emissions from each of the scenarios were calculated. Results and discussion On average, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for private laundries in Sweden were estimated to be 190 g CO2 eq./kg laundry (washed and dried). If a shared laundry was used instead, the resulting emissions decreased by approximately 26%. The greatest contribution to GHG emissions was the use of detergent (22–33% of total emissions), followed by capital goods (11–38% of total emissions). Conclusion Deciding to construct shared laundries in newly built apartment buildings in Sweden, rather than in-unit machines, would reduce the emissions from domestic laundry for these tenants by approximately 26%. This is because materials used for manufacturing whitegoods, as well as the emissions associated with the building itself, play a much bigger role than previously thought. Additionally, since the cleaning efficiency of warm water and some of the components used in detergents rises with temperature, emissions from domestic laundering could for some consumers be reduced further by washing at higher temperature but with less detergent. This pattern could be seen in Sweden within regions with hard water, where the emissions from domestic laundry could be reduced by 6–12%.

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Hossain, MS, MS Rana, A. Sarkar, and T. Khandaker. "Comparative analysis of some Bangladeshi detergents." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 52, no. 4 (December 6, 2017): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v52i4.34818.

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Laundry detergents are widely used in domestic, industry and other sectors everyday all over the world. It consists of different chemical components; surfactants, phosphate, builders, bleaches, optical brighteners, anti-redepositing agents, enzyme, perfume and color. Among these ingredients, surfactants and phosphate are considered as hazardous materials. With this view, composition, critical micelle concentration, and dissolved oxygen (DO) level in aqueous solution of some laundry detergents available in Bangladesh such as Chaka, Keya, Rin, Jet and Smart were determined and try to analyzed the chemical contribution of laundry detergents to pollute the environment. For Smart and Rin, the surfactant and phosphate amount were maximum, while it was minimum in Chaka and Jet respectively. The DO level was minimum in Smart and maximum in Jet. The results indicated that Jet is the effective laundry detergent in both cleaning and environmental aspect.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(4), 321-324, 2017

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Handley, Heather G., and Lynn Rolland Hovda. "Risks of exposure to liquid laundry detergent pods compared to traditional laundry detergents in dogs." Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 31, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vec.13057.

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Crutcher, T., J. D. Sauer, and K. R. Smith. "Granular laundry detergent and detergent builder containing no phosphate." Zeolites 15, no. 2 (February 1995): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-2449(95)90096-9.

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Fadillah, Wanda Rizki, Willy Darma Kusuma, Fauziah Fauziah, Wahyu Ananda, and Sanri Sunervia Damanik. "PENERAPAN METODE ELECTRE DALAM MEREKOMENDASIKAN DETERGENT TERBAIK PADA USAHA LAUNDRY." Jurnal Teknologi Informasi MURA 10, no. 1 (June 6, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32767/jti.v10i1.311.

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AbstrakDeterjen dan laundry adalah dua hal yang saling berkaitan, dimanausaha laundry dapat berjalan dengan ada nya deterjen yang membantu proses pencucian. Pemilihan deterjen yang tepat adalah tugas dari pengusaha laundry untuk mendapatkan hasil cucian dengan kualitas yg baik dan memuaskan konsumen. Apabila kepuasan konsumen sudah tercapai kemungkinan besar usaha laundry akan berjalan dengan lancar.Sistem pendukung keputusan merupakan suatu sistem yang mampu memberikan suatu gambaran keputusan dari keadaan yang ada. Dan sistem ini di terapkan pada usaha laundry untuk menentukan deterjen terbaik demi kelancaran usaha laundry tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah ELECTRE. Metode ini di pilih karena mampu melakukan penyeleksian alternatif terbaik dari beberapa alternative.Dimana sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 5 merk detergent dengan kriteria penilaian adalah popularitas, harga, kualitas, dan lokasi promosi. Dan penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mencari nilai bobot untuk setiap atribut, kemudian melakukan proses perangkingan yang akan menetukan alternatif terbaik, yaitu deterjen terbaik untuk usaha laundry. Kata kunci:Deterjen,Laundry, Electre,Sistem Pendukung Keputusan

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Rathinamoorthy, R. "Performance analysis of Polyvinylpyrrolidone." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 31, no. 5 (September 2, 2019): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-12-2018-0155.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the performance analysis of Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) – Chitosan composite dye transfer inhibitor (DTI) for household laundry. The developed composite DTI is tested against different commercial dyes and detergent powders normally used in the household laundry for its performance. Design/methodology/approach The DTI article is tested for its performance against five commercial dyes and five commercial detergent compositions. The dye re-deposition behaviour of the control fabric was measured in terms of the colour difference (ΔE) values. The influence of PVP on the washing efficiency of detergent was evaluated against tea, coffee and juice stains. Findings The results showed that there is an excellent performance of the developed product noted in terms of DTI performance against reactive, basic and sulfur dyes. The DTI product showed a significantly (p<0.05) less performance against acid and direct dyes. There is no significant differences noted in the stain removal efficiency of the detergent in the presence of PVP in the wash liquor (p>0.05). Originality/value The usage of DTI polymer in the household laundry has no significant influence on the detergents performance in terms of stain removing efficiency. The DTI polymer’s function in the wash liquor depends up on the type of polymer used, as they are sensitive to the type of detergent compositions used and the type of dyes bleeds in the wash liquor.

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Yuliana, Yuliana, Markus Heryanto Langsa, and Alfhons D. Sirampun. "AIR LIMBAH LAUNDRY : KARAKTERISTIK DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR." Jurnal Natural 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/jn.v16i1.48.

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At present the laundry business is one of the promising businesses with targeted consumers from the upper middle class who do not have much time to wash clothes at home. Like other industries, laundry also produces wastewater that can have a negative impact on the environment if it is not managed properly. This study characterizes laundry wastewater and looks at its effect on the quality to the groundwater/wells close to the laundry business. Water samples include TSS, TDS, Turbidity, pH , COD, BOD, Phosphate, and Detergent parameters analyzed according to SNI and/or the HACH method (DR3900). Characterization of the laundry wastewater samples show a high level of detergent and phosphate parameters ranging from 27,7-39,4 mg/L and 6,1-27,1 mg/L, respectively with the highest levels corresponds to Laundry wastewater samples at Jalan Baru. The detergent and phosphate contents in all well water samples are still below the required quality standard. Although the concentrations of parameters analysed in the laundry wastewater are very high and above the guidance, it is obvious from the well water samples results that there is no effect of laundry waste waters to the quality of ground waters.

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Wulandari, P. P., M. T. Adiwibowo, A. S. Redjeki, M. Ibadurrohman, and Slamet. "Synthesis of Eco-Friendly Detergent Based on Crude Palm Oil and Titania Nanoparticles." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 10 (August 30, 2019): 2394–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21984.

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In this work, we report the synthesis of eco-friendly detergent from crude palm oil and titania. Crude palm oil was converted into methyl ester sulfonate through esterification, transesterification and followed by sulfonation process. As-produced methyl ester sulfonate was characterized with Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LCMS) and surface tension analysis. Detergents were synthesized by dispersing titania nanoparticles into methyl ester sulfonate solution, forming a nanofluid. Stability and detergency of the nanofluidic detergents were then evaluated. The results showed that the nanofluid detergents were stable in the presence of 0.1 wt % titania and the photocatalytic activity of titania nanoparticles improved the ability of nanofluidic detergents to remove dirt as well as degrading the surfactant residues in the laundry waste stream.

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TADENUMA, Hirohiko. "The Cleaning Performance of Laundry Detergent." Oleoscience 8, no. 11 (2008): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.8.487.

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Howieson, Alan J., Oliver J. H. Harley, and Eunan P. Tiernan. "Laundry detergent and possible nonaccidental injury." European Journal of Emergency Medicine 14, no. 3 (June 2007): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mej.0b013e3280148a7c.

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Schneir, Aaron B., Landen Rentmeester, Richard F. Clark, and F. Lee Cantrell. "Toxicity Following Laundry Detergent Pod Ingestion." Pediatric Emergency Care 29, no. 6 (June 2013): 741–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pec.0b013e318294eb1d.

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Valdez, Amanda L., Marcel J. Casavant, Henry A. Spiller, Thiphalak Chounthirath, Huiyun Xiang, and Gary A. Smith. "Pediatric Exposure to Laundry Detergent Pods." Pediatrics 134, no. 6 (November 10, 2014): 1127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-0057.

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Fontane, Emily. "Ingestion of Concentrated Laundry Detergent Pods." Journal of Emergency Medicine 49, no. 1 (July 2015): e37-e38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.01.007.

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Him, Nik Raikhan Nik, and Nurul Shafika Azmi. "Potential of a Novel Thermotolerant Lipase Bacillus stearothermophilus nr22 (Lip.nr-22) as Additive in High Temperature Operated-Neutral pH Liquid Detergent." Key Engineering Materials 735 (May 2017): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.735.136.

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Enzyme-added detergent must have the capability to operate at high temperature to support the enzyme proteins to clean soiled-fabrics at optimum conditions. Lipase from Bacillus stearothermophilus nr22 (Lip.nr-22) has improved the oil removal from soiled-cotton fabric by 38.8-51.4% in 4 types of local commercial detergents. The later was the oil removal from an unrevealed detergent. The optimum conditions were 108U/ml Lip.nr-22 in 0.1M, pH 7.0, washing temperature and washing time interval as 80°C and 40 min, respectively; shaking wash at 300 rpm and percentage of detergent concentration as 0.5. Lip.nr-22 is a very potential enzyme in high temperature-neutral pH operated laundry detergent formulations. It has exhibited a very excellent thermostability at 80°C, was very stable with surfactants, commercial detergents as well as with oxidizing agents (H2O2, NaBO3H2O and NaClO). Lip.nr-22 as additive in detergent formulation is a promise for better detergent formulation.

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Lakdawala, N., J. Pham, M. Shah, and J. Holton. "Effectiveness of Low-Temperature Domestic Laundry on the Decontamination of Healthcare Workers' Uniforms." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 32, no. 11 (November 2011): 1103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/662183.

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Objective.Most professionals in the healthcare environment wear uniforms. For the purpose of this study, we concentrated on nurses' uniforms. In the United Kingdom, many nurses are expected to launder their uniforms at home by using a domestic washing machine that frequently has low-temperature wash cycles. We have investigated whether the use of low-temperature wash cycles results in a microbiologically acceptable product to wear on the wards.Methods.We have assessed the bioburden on uniforms before and after laundry and the effectiveness of low-temperature wash cycles and ironing on removal of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Acinetobacter baumannii. We did not assess the role of tumble drying.Results.We demonstrate contamination of uniforms by gram-negative bacteria after wash, the removal of MRSA at low-temperature wash cycles in the presence of detergent, and the eradication of gram-negative bacteria after ironing.Conclusions.Our conclusions are that laundry in a domestic situation at 60°C (140°F) for 10 minutes is sufficient to decontaminate hospital uniforms and reduces the bacterial load by more than 7-log reduction, that items left in the pockets are decontaminated to the same extent, that the addition of either a biological detergent or a nonbiological detergent is beneficial in removing MRSA from experimentally contaminated swatches, and that uniforms become recontaminated with low numbers of principally gram-negative bacteria after laundry but that these are effectively removed by ironing.

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Rahimah, Zikri, Heliyanur Heldawati, and Isna Syauqiah. "PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH DETERJEN DENGAN METODE KOAGULASI-FLOKULASI MENGGUNAKAN KOAGULAN KAPUR DAN PAC." Konversi 5, no. 2 (March 28, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/k.v5i2.4767.

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Abstrak-Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui koagulan kapur atau PAC yang paling efektif pada proses koagulasi-flokulasi dari pengolahan limbah deterjen buatan dan limbah laundry, menentukan massa optimum dari koagulan kapur atau PAC pada pengolahan limbah deterjen buatan dan limbah laundry menggunakan proses koagulasi-flokulasi dan menentukan persen maksimum penurunan BOD dan COD pada limbah deterjen buatan dan limbah laundry menggunakan proses koagulasi-flokulasi. Pada penelitian ini, kami menggunakan metode jartest atau metode koagulasi-flokulasi dengan menggunakan koagulan kapur dan PAC. Metode yang digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar BOD dan COD ialah koagulasi yaitu dicampurkannya koagulan dengan pengadukan cepat 100 rpm selama 1 menit kemudian dengan metode flokulasi yaitu dilakukan pengadukan lambat 40 rpm selama 20 menit dan diendapkan selama 30 menit. Penentuan massa optimum dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan koagulan baik menggunkan kapur atau PAC masing-masing sebanyak 1 gr, 2 gr, 3 gr, 4 gr, 5 gr dalam 150 ml limbah deterjen buatan maupun limbah deterjen laundry. Dari variasi massa koagulan dapat diketahui persen maksimum penurunan BOD dan COD tertinggi terdapat pada koagulan kapur sebesar 12,05% dan 75% pada limbah deterjen buatan pada massa 5 gr, sedangkan pada limbah laundry sebesar 11,57%.dan 78,57% pada massa 5 gr. Kata kunci: koagulasi-flokulasi, limbah deterjen, COD, BOD. Abstract- This research is conducted to find out the effective koagulan lime or PAC in koagulasi-flokulasi process from preparation of waste material detergent product and waste material laundry, to determine optimum mass from koagulan lime or PAC in preparation of waste material detergent product and waste material laundry using koagulasi-flokulasi process and to determine maximum percent the decrease of BOD and COD in preparation of waste material detergent product and waste material laundry. In this research, we used jartest method or koagulasi-flokulasi method by using koagulan lime or PAC. Methode that used to decrease the value of BOD and COD is koagulasi. Koagulasi is mixed koagulan and stir fast 100 rpm for one minute, then with flokulasi method, it is stir slow 40 rpm for 20 minutes and sediment, it for 30 minutes. Determine optimum mass done by add good koagulan using lime or PAC 1 gr, 2 gr, 3 gr ,4 gr, 5 gr, in waste material detergent product and waste material laundry. From the various mass koagulan know that the highest decrease maximum percent of BOD and COD in koagulan kapur is 12,05% and 75% on waste material detergent product in 5 gr mass while waste material laundry is 11,57 % and 78,57% in 5 gr mass. Keywords: koagulasi-flokulasi, waste material detergent, COD, BOD

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KALAK, TOMASZ, ALEKSANDRA GAŁKA, DARIA WIECZOREK, RYSZARD CIERPISZEWSKI, and JOANNA PIEPIÓRKA-STEPUK. "The effect of N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate addition on washing properties of liquid laundry detergents." Industria Textila 72, no. 03 (June 30, 2021): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.072.03.1742.

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The use of colorimetric analysis based on a CIELab system to determine detergency of commercial liquid laundrydetergents before and after modification with SB3C14 sulfobetaine (N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate) is presented. The EMPA 101 standard cotton fabric soiled with carbon black and olive oil was usedin washing tests under the following conditions: temperature 40°C, rotational speed 200 rpm, 30 minute washing cycle,water hardness 5.35 mval/l, the concentration of liquid laundry detergents 1.25–50 g/l. The physicochemical analysis ofcolour, form, odour, pH, density, viscosity and content of anionic surfactants showed compliance with the manufacturers’declarations. The studies demonstrated that with increasing laundry detergent concentration a gradual increase indetergency occurred. At the highest tested concentrations of 50 g/L, detergency of 18.1% and 22.2% for cheaper L1 andmore expensive L2 products was achieved, respectively. Modification with the 5% addition of the zwitterionicsulfobetaine SB3C14 led to an improvement of the washing properties by 4.7% on average. At a concentration of 50 g/l,the modified L1 and L2 solutions demonstrated the highest detergency equal to 22.8% and 35.3%, respectively. Thisproves the existence of synergistic effect by the interaction of all ingredients in the solutions with higher concentrations.Microscopic analysis of EMPA 101 fabrics before and after washing processes showed no serious damage to the fibres,only the presence of slight fraying of individual ones. The results suggest that the SB3C14 sulfobetaine can besuccessfully used in liquid laundry detergents due to its very favourable surface properties

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KALAK, TOMASZ, ALEKSANDRA GAŁKA, DARIA WIECZOREK, RYSZARD CIERPISZEWSKI, and JOANNA PIEPIÓRKA-STEPUK. "The effect of N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate addition on washing properties of liquid laundry detergents." Industria Textila 72, no. 03 (June 30, 2021): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/t.072.03.1742.

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The use of colorimetric analysis based on a CIELab system to determine detergency of commercial liquid laundrydetergents before and after modification with SB3C14 sulfobetaine (N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate) is presented. The EMPA 101 standard cotton fabric soiled with carbon black and olive oil was usedin washing tests under the following conditions: temperature 40°C, rotational speed 200 rpm, 30 minute washing cycle,water hardness 5.35 mval/l, the concentration of liquid laundry detergents 1.25–50 g/l. The physicochemical analysis ofcolour, form, odour, pH, density, viscosity and content of anionic surfactants showed compliance with the manufacturers’declarations. The studies demonstrated that with increasing laundry detergent concentration a gradual increase indetergency occurred. At the highest tested concentrations of 50 g/L, detergency of 18.1% and 22.2% for cheaper L1 andmore expensive L2 products was achieved, respectively. Modification with the 5% addition of the zwitterionicsulfobetaine SB3C14 led to an improvement of the washing properties by 4.7% on average. At a concentration of 50 g/l,the modified L1 and L2 solutions demonstrated the highest detergency equal to 22.8% and 35.3%, respectively. Thisproves the existence of synergistic effect by the interaction of all ingredients in the solutions with higher concentrations.Microscopic analysis of EMPA 101 fabrics before and after washing processes showed no serious damage to the fibres,only the presence of slight fraying of individual ones. The results suggest that the SB3C14 sulfobetaine can besuccessfully used in liquid laundry detergents due to its very favourable surface properties

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Shah, Lindsey Wilson. "Ingestion of Laundry Detergent Packets in Children." Critical Care Nurse 36, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2016233.

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Ingestion of laundry detergent packets is an important threat to young children. Because of their developmental stage, toddlers are prone to place these small, colorful packets in their mouths. The packets can easily burst, sending a large volume of viscous, alkaline liquid throughout the oropharynx. Ingestion causes major toxic effects, including depression of the central nervous system, metabolic acidosis, respiratory distress, and dysphagia. Critical care nurses should anticipate these clinical effects and facilitate prompt intervention. Increased understanding of the risks and clinical effects of ingestion of laundry detergent packets will better prepare critical care nurses to provide care for these children. (Critical Care Nurse. 2016; 36[4]:70–75)

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Mer, Anjali, Rajesh Samant, and Prabha Padmanabha. "Characterization of commercial detergents and natural cleansing agents with comparison of their potential for biodegradability." International Journal of Advanced Chemistry 6, no. 1 (December 12, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v6i1.8505.

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Background: Commercial detergents are chemical formulations designed to dissolve or disperse grease, grime, and dirt by making them water soluble or suspending it in water. They are best known for their wide use in laundry industry and household cleaning. After use, the wash waters along with the residual detergents are discharged into sewage system and are carried to water bodies, which result in damaging the biodiversity of aquatic environment due to the non-degradable nature of the active detergent matter present in these cleansing agents.Method: A critical analytical study was conducted on the quality of popular detergent powders sold in the Indian market viz. Ariel, Surf Excel, Rin and Tide with respect to their moisture content, active and total alkalinity, active detergent matter, water-insoluble matter, oxygen releasing capacity and pH. Two natural cleansing agents viz. Areetha and Shikakai were tested for the same parameters. Bacterial cultures were isolated from detergent-rich soil in Dhobighat, Mumbai and used to study detergent degradation over a period of time. Methylene Blue Photometric Assay was used to estimate the reduction in active detergent matter.Result and Conclusion: Areetha and Shikakai were found effective as detergents but with certain limitations. Degradation was seen in the commercial detergents over a period of time.

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Riella, L. V., S. Golla, G. Dogaru, H. G. Rennke, and K. Christopher. "Renal cortical necrosis complicating laundry detergent ingestion." Clinical Kidney Journal 2, no. 1 (November 26, 2008): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndtplus/sfn178.

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Kwon, Seok, Daniela Holland, and Petra Kern. "Skin Safety Evaluation of Laundry Detergent Products." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 72, no. 21-22 (November 1, 2009): 1369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390903212675.

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Tokuyama, K., Y. Yoshimura, and K. Umehara. "High-bulk-density granular laundry detergent compositions." Zeolites 11, no. 4 (April 1991): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-2449(91)80338-z.

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Joshi-Navare, Kasturi, Poonam Khanvilkar, and Asmita Prabhune. "Jatropha Oil Derived Sophorolipids: Production and Characterization as Laundry Detergent Additive." Biochemistry Research International 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/169797.

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Sophorolipids (SLs) are glycolipidic biosurfactants suitable for various biological and physicochemical applications. The nonedible Jatropha oil has been checked as the alternative raw material for SL synthesis usingC. bombicola(ATCC22214). This is useful towards lowering the SL production cost. Through optimization of fermentation parameters and use of resting cell method, the yield 15.25 g/L could be achieved for Jatropha oil derived SL (SLJO) with 1% v/v oil feeding. The synthesized SL displayed good surfactant property. It reduced the surface tension of distilled water from 70.7 mN/m to 33.5 mN/m with the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) value of 9.5 mg/L. Keeping the prospective use of the SL in mind, the physicochemical properties were checked along with emulsion stability under temperature, pH stress, and in hard water. Also antibacterial action and stain removal capability in comparison with commercial detergent was demonstrated. SLJO enhanced the detergent performance. Based on the results, it can be said that SLs have utility as fabric cleaner with advantageous properties such as skin friendly nature, antibacterial action, and biodegradability. Therefore SLs are potential green molecules to replace synthetic surfactants in detergents so as to reduce harm caused to environment through detergent usage.

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Pruthi, S., S. Shah, and H. S. Gambhir. "Laundry Blues: a case of methemoglobinemia with laundry detergent and Tylenol ingestion." QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 110, no. 9 (June 16, 2017): 595–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcx117.

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Shafran, A. W., A. Gross, Z. Ronen, N. Weisbrod, and E. Adar. "Effects of surfactants originating from reuse of greywater on capillary rise in the soil." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2005): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0690.

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Greywater is all domestic wastewater excluding toilet effluents. Detergents contain surfactants, which account for the highest concentration of organic chemicals in average domestic wastewater. Accumulation of surfactants in greywater-irrigated soils was determined in three household gardens. The effect of surfactants on capillary rise in loess and sand was then tested in the range of concentrations found in the garden soils. The capillary rise of freshwater in sieved oven-dried soil mixed with different concentrations of laundry detergent solution (10% w/w moisture content) was determined. In a second setup, the soil was mixed with freshwater and the rising solution contained different concentrations of detergent solution. The introduction of laundry solution to the soils caused a significant decrease in the capillary rise over the range of concentrations that is found in greywater-irrigated soils. The effect was more noticeable in the sand than in the loess. Interestingly, in the second setup, the capillary rise of the laundry solutions in the sand was almost similar to that of freshwater, whereas in the loess the capillary rise was significantly reduced. It is suggested that accumulation of surfactants in the soil might form water repellent soils that have a significant effect on agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability.

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King, Margaret M., and Evelyn M. Sabino. "An Overview of the Use of XRD as a Tool in the Total Analysis of Powdered Household Laundry Detergents." Advances in X-ray Analysis 33 (1989): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800019911.

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Manufacturers of household laundry products and laundry detergent builders want to know the exact formularies used in prospective customers' and competitive product lines. No convenient source exists for this information because published formularies are numerous and differ widely, (See Table 1.)

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Mousami Shankar, A., Dr G.V.D. Sirisha, and Dr K. Vijaya Rachel. "Laundry Detergent Compatibility of Papain Like Protease Purified From Piper Betel Leaves." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.3 (June 21, 2018): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.3.14506.

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Enzymes have wide applications in detergent industry from early 1900’s. Mostly, clothes are soiled by protein based grime. Most of the detergents have either amylase / protease. Various sources were scrutinized for potent protease activity and Betel leaves were selected, the enzyme was then isolated, purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation, DEAE-Cellulose and gel permeation chromatographic techniques. The enzyme was monomeric in nature with a molecular mass of 38kDa as determined by native PAGE and SDS-PAGE. The enzyme shows maximum activity at 60oC and pH 4.0. The Km and Vmax of the enzyme were 4x10-3M and 54µmol/min/mg respectively. The enzyme was categorically inhibited by PCMB and iodo-acetamide suggesting it to have papain like nature. The stability of the enzyme is assessed over the stretch of alkaline pH and temperature. This evaluation validates the stability of the enzyme and its use in detergent formulations. It was evident that after adding the enzyme preparation the stains (tea, chocolate, blood) were removed much better than that of the controls, which affirms that papain like enzyme from betel leaves, enhances detergent activity.

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Miao, Hong Chao, Wei Shen, and Cai Di Xu. "Research of Antibacterial Properties about Liquid Detergent on the Surface of the Silk Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.148.

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The researchers of liquid detergent are most focused on detergency in the past, and the research on antibacterial activity of liquid detergent is rare. This research choose famous and common brands liquid laundry detergent in the market and studied their antimicrobial properties, test their antibacterial properties on the surface of the natural fiber fabric about Staphylococcus aureus (positive) and Escherichia coli (negative), analysis the antibacterial effect of the various brands, and the consumers have more reliable basis for purchase such goods. The antibacterial rate of liquid detergent against Galanz negative bacteria (E. coli) is generally higher, but the antibacterial rate against Galanz positive bacteria (S.aureus) is not good. The brand of Lan Yue Liang has excellent performance in this experiment, the antibacterial rate against E. coli and S.aureus reached to 96.25% and 95%.

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Read, Jennifer. "“Let us heed the voice of youth”: Laundry Detergents, Phosphates and the Emergence of the Environmental Movement in Ontario." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 7, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031109ar.

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Abstract This paper uses the 1960s detergent debate to examine the shift to environmental attitudes in Ontario. The first phase of the detergent issue began in 1963 and addressed excessive foaming in the province's water created by detergent residues. The Ontario Water Resources Commission ignored protest from municipal governments and allowed the manufacturers to resolve the problem on their own. In 1969, the environmental phase of the issue began when phosphate-based detergents were blamed for the dwindling quality of Great Lakes water. The appearance of strong advocacy groups, especially Pollution Probe from the University of Toronto, marked this stage. Pollution Probe used science and strong media relations to mobilise public support to ban phosphate-based detergents. The paper assesses the success of strategies employed during both phases of the debate and ties that to the emergence of environmental attitudes among the public.

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Jacksch, Susanne, Dominik Kaiser, Severin Weis, Mirko Weide, Stefan Ratering, Sylvia Schnell, and Markus Egert. "Influence of Sampling Site and other Environmental Factors on the Bacterial Community Composition of Domestic Washing Machines." Microorganisms 8, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010030.

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Modern, mainly sustainability-driven trends, such as low-temperature washing or bleach-free liquid detergents, facilitate microbial survival of the laundry processes. Favourable growth conditions like humidity, warmth and sufficient nutrients also contribute to microbial colonization of washing machines. Such colonization might lead to negatively perceived staining, corrosion of washing machine parts and surfaces, as well as machine and laundry malodour. In this study, we characterized the bacterial community of 13 domestic washing machines at four different sampling sites (detergent drawer, door seal, sump and fibres collected from the washing solution) using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and statistically analysed associations with environmental and user-dependent factors. Across 50 investigated samples, the bacterial community turned out to be significantly site-dependent with the highest alpha diversity found inside the detergent drawer, followed by sump, textile fibres isolated from the washing solution, and door seal. Surprisingly, out of all other investigated factors only the monthly number of wash cycles at temperatures ≥ 60 °C showed a significant influence on the community structure. A higher number of hot wash cycles per month increased microbial diversity, especially inside the detergent drawer. Potential reasons and the hygienic relevance of this finding need to be assessed in future studies.

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Gaw, Christopher E., Henry A. Spiller, Marcel J. Casavant, Thitphalak Chounthirath, and Gary A. Smith. "Safety Interventions and Liquid Laundry Detergent Packet Exposures." Pediatrics 144, no. 1 (June 3, 2019): e20183117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3117.

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Forrester, Mathias B. "Surveillance detection of concentrated laundry detergent pack exposures." Clinical Toxicology 50, no. 9 (October 18, 2012): 847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2012.731511.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Laundry Detergent'

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