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Tran Thi, Le Thanh. "Lao culture in the novel "Plains of jars" by Trinh Thanh Phong." SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF TAN TRAO UNIVERSITY 4, no. 10 (2021): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51453/2354-1431/2018/194.
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Trinh Thanh Phong is one of the typical writers of prose in Tuyen Quang. At the age of sixty five, he has not only contributed much good writing such as novels, poems and stories, for Tuyen Quang literature in particular and Vietnamese literature in general, but also has won awards abroad. “Land at Plains of Jars” is a novel which got Dong Duong Award in the Mekong River Literature Prizes. These were the friendship prizes among Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia awarded in Phnom Penh city in 2008. This paper addresses issues concerning the cachet of Laos culture (especially in friendship between Laos and Vietnam), base on the novel “Plains of Jars”..
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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Dr Yoky Matsuoka, Vice President Technology, Nest Labs." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 41, no. 6 (2014): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-09-2014-0389.
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Purpose – This article is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned entrepreneur regarding the evolution, commercialization and challenges of bringing a technological invention to market. Design/methodology/approach – The interviewee is Dr Yoky Matsuoka, the Vice President of Nest Labs. Matsuoka describes her career journey that led her from a semi-professional tennis player who wanted to build a robot tennis buddy, to a pioneer of neurobotics who then applied her multidisciplinary research in academia to the development of a mass-produced intelligent home automation device. Findings – Dr Matsuoka received a BS degree from the University of California, Berkeley and an MS and PhD in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She was also a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Brain and Cognitive Sciences at MIT and in Mechanical Engineering at Harvard University. Dr Matsuoka was formerly the Torode Family Endowed Career Development Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Washington (UW), Director of the National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering and Ana Loomis McCandless Professor of Robotics and Mechanical Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University. In 2010, she joined Google X as one of its three founding members. She then joined Nest as VP of Technology. Originality/value – Dr Matsuoka built advanced robotic prosthetic devices and designed complementary rehabilitation strategies that enhanced the mobility of people with manipulation disabilities. Her novel work has made significant scientific and engineering contributions in the combined fields of mechanical engineering, neuroscience, bioengineering, robotics and computer science. Dr Matsuoka was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in which she used the Genius Award money to establish a nonprofit corporation, YokyWorks, to continue developing engineering solutions for humans with physical disabilities. Other awards include the Emerging Inventor of the Year, UW Medicine; IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Early Academic Career Award; Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers; and numerous others. She leads the development of the learning and control technology for the Nest smoke detector and Thermostat, which has saved the USA hundreds of billions of dollars in energy expenses. Nest was sold to Google in 2013 for a record $3.2 billion dollars in cash.
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de Laurido, Lourdes E. Soto, Walter R. Frontera, and Aracelis Huertas. "4143 HiREC Endowment: Building Models in Research Capacity for Infrastructure Sustainability and Productivity." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (2020): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.214.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Improve infrastructure, resources, partnerships, and metrics to enhance the research environment for Hispanic researchers as a Minority Serving Institution. To support the research infrastructure in our Campus to encourage a research culture of sustainability and productivity. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Development of four research capacity-building models to enhance the pathway of junior researchers as independent researchers:1. MSc Phase I-Scholar Award 2 years in a Post Doctoral Master in CTR ; 2. Advanced CTR Award 1 year to support research infrastructure development in submitting a grant to NIH with the mentoring of a Visiting Endowed Chair; 3. Mini Infrastructure Research Award 1 year provides funds to increase research productivity; 4. Award on Excellence in CTR recognizes a faculty member with a distinguished research portfolio that support HiREC Career Coach and Mentoring approach. HiREC targets junior faculty, early and mid-career researchers from our two partners Schools. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: HiREC has been recognize as support for research infrastructure development. Since 2011, 10 MSc Phase I-Scholar Awards have been granted increasing the pool of trained Hispanics researchers in P. R., the Advanced CTR Award of $50,000 each, from March, 2019, was granted to 2 women researchers from the SoM and 2 Visiting Endowed Chair were accepted as candidates. The Mini Infrastructure Research Award, since 2017, supported the development of 2 Science labs, data analysis, 3 peer review publications and other research capacity building. Two researchers from the SoM were honored with the HiREC 2018 Award on Excellence in CTR heighten the institutional recognition of top researchers’ endeavors. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: It’s imperative to pursue specific strategies that lead to successful research capacity-building models. By acknowledging institutional research infrastructure needs, trendy scientific and technological knowledges and researchers’ needs, HiREC have been able to successfully accomplish its mission. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: Authors have no conflict of interest in this research.
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Anonymous. "Dr Jeffrey Robin Receives ISRS Lans Award." Journal of Refractive Surgery 11, no. 4 (1995): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1081-597x-19950701-05.
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Friedrich, M. J. "2012 Lasker Awards Laud Seminal Work in Transplantation, Molecular Motors." JAMA 308, no. 15 (2012): 1512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.13119.
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Loeb, Josh. "Millions awarded to boost APHA labs." Veterinary Record 190, no. 5 (2022): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vetr.1535.
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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Dr Esben Ostergaard, inventor, co-founder and CTO of Universal Robots." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 42, no. 2 (2015): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-12-2014-0438.
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Purpose – This paper, a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal, aims to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned entrepreneur regarding the evolution, commercialization and challenges of bringing a technological invention to market. Design/methodology/approach – The interviewee is Dr Esben H. Ostergaard, inventor, co-founder and chief technology officer of Universal Robots. From building his first robot to solve a local industrial problem at the age of four, to building the world’s first collaborative robot company, Dr Ostergaard shares his lifelong ventures as a robot scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. Findings – Dr Ostergaard received degrees in computer science, physics and multimedia at Aarhus University in Denmark, and a PhD in robotics from the University of Southern Denmark. While at Aarhus, Dr Ostergaard pursued his hobby of robot football, and in 1998, his team STATIC became the world champion of the Federation of International Robot-soccer Association (FIRA). Dr Ostergaard held research positions at the University of Southern California (USC) Robotics Labs and at the Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Tsukuba/Tokyo. During the years 2001-2005 as a researcher and assistant professor in robotics and user interfaces at University of Southern Denmark, he created the foundation for a reinvention of the industrial robot. This led him to found Universal Robots in 2005 with two of his research colleagues. Originality/value – From a young child who played with LEGOs until he got a Commodore 64, Dr Ostergaard has always been interested in robotics. His unique multidisciplinary education and multicultural research experiences helped him to pioneer a new multi-axis, lightweight industrial robot and launch the successful company, Universal Robots, which has grown from its three co-founders to nearly 150 employees, with more than 4,000 collaborative robot applications installed in over 50 countries worldwide. Dr Ostergaard has over 30 patents and has received many awards, including the 2012 IEEE-IFR Invention and Entrepreneurship Award (IERA), the 2013 Japanese Institute Good Design Award, the 2013 Robotics Business Review Game Changer Award and the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year 2012 in Region Funen.
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Weeramantry, Romesh, and Mahdev Mohan. "International Investment Arbitration in Laos: Large Issues for a Small State." Journal of World Investment & Trade 18, no. 5-6 (2017): 1001–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340069.
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Abstract Laos is no stranger to international investment arbitration. Despite its status as one of Southeast Asia’s least developed countries, it has had an Investment Law for more than two decades and is also a party to several bilateral and Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)-related investment agreements. More recently, two investment treaty claims have been made against it, one of which has given rise to an award challenge that went all the way to Singapore’s highest court. This article will examine the history, evolution and current iteration of Laos’ relationship with international investment law and focus on the two investment treaty claims instituted against Laos. The article concludes with an appraisal of Laos’ need to maintain its investment treaty programme, despite the difficulties that may have arisen as a result of it being a respondent in investment treaty arbitrations.
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Hiscott, Laura. "The laser physicist unlocking navigation technology." Physics World 35, no. 4 (2022): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/35/04/18.
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Lia Li is an award-winning start-up founder bringing optomechanical sensors to consumers. She talks to Laura Hiscott about a childhood spent in university labs, the switch from academia to business and using LIGO-style technology to help us navigate where global navigation satellite systems can’t.
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Henderson, Alastair. "Enforcement of Arbitral Awards in Indochina—Law, Practice, and Alternatives." Journal of International Arbitration 26, Issue 6 (2009): 841–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2009044.
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This article surveys the enforcement of arbitration awards in five Southeast Asian nations: Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and Myanmar. Each has large and urgent needs for foreign investment but each presents a legal system with a less than spotless record for effective and transparent investment protection. The article reviews current laws and the extent to which practice follows the law. In light of the conclusion that law and practice are often not aligned across the region, it concludes with a short discussion of the implications and possible alternatives for those affected.
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Repousis, Odysseas G. "State Succession and Devolution Agreements Revisited: A Note on Sanum v. Laos." Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 21, no. 1 (2018): 353–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13894633_021001012.
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In a recent judgment, the Singapore Court of Appeal quashed a prior judgment of the Singapore High Court, which had decided to set aside an arbitration award on the basis that the China–Laos bilateral investment treaty (bit) does not apply to Macao. The judgment of the Court of Appeal is significant inasmuch as it involves a thorough examination of the international law principles governing the law of State succession in respect of part of territory, the relative effect of treaties in the context of devolution agreements, and the relationship between the critical date rule (or intertemporal principle) and the interpretive norm of subsequent agreement or practice. Above all, the dialogue between the Singaporean courts and the arbitral tribunal (whose award was sought to be set aside) raise a number of interesting issues in respect of the territorial application of investment treaties in general and Chinese investment treaties in particular. It also bears noting that this dialogue and its impact on future cases has to be filtered through subsequent developments, most notably a statement issued by China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the effect that the Court of Appeal judgment was incorrect.
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Gehlen, H., C. Thöne-Reineke, R. Merle, S. Pichon, and H. Linnenbrügger. "Is a mounted award ceremony in equestrian sport relevant to animal welfare?" Animal Welfare 31, no. 4 (2022): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.31.3.005.
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Severe accidents befalling both horses and riders have been observed during award ceremonies in equestrian sports. We hypothesised that such ceremonies and subsequent laps of honour pose a significant risk to the well-being of horses, riders and third parties. Tournament riders' opinions were sought and analysis of accidents undertaken via an online questionnaire completed by 700 tournament riders participating in dressage and showjumping in Germany. While 31.3% of the riders reported feeling tense themselves during award ceremonies, greater tension was reported in the warm-up area and throughout the competition itself. In contrast, 48% of horses were at their most tense at award ceremonies and displayed the greatest amount of stress during the lap of honour. Sixty percent of survey participants felt award ceremonies created an increased risk of injury with riders citing stressed horses as being the principal cause. Only risks associated with the warm-up area were noted by a greater proportion of riders (66.6%). The most frequent cause of accidents at award ceremonies was deemed to be kicks. Horse participation at award ceremonies was deemed to be important for spectators and sponsors and, although over half the riders were in favour of compulsory participation with a horse, they expressed the desire for exceptions to be permissible by judge(s). This study supported the hypothesis that mounted award ceremonies have a negative impact on horse welfare.
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Kudryavtsev, Vasily. "Corporation Bell Labs is a factory of scientific innovations." Science Management: Theory And Practice 3, no. 1 (2021): 136–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2021.3.1.8.
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The results of scientific research and development have become the basis for the development of the economy, the most important factor in increasing its competitiveness, the foundation of modern technologies. Therefore, the problem of effective organization of scientific research and the effectiveness of their financing is extremely urgent. The study of the evolution of organizational forms of science allows us to conclude that in firms that do not have government funding, scientific research at the Nobel level is often carried out. The story of the creation of one of these organizations, the world famous Bell Labs corporation, which is a real incubator of progressive scientific and technical ideas, is told. Over the years, Bell Labs employees have made a number of grandiose discoveries: the detection of cosmic radio emission, the invention of a point-contact transistor, quartz clocks, charge-coupled devices, the creation of information theory, the UNIX operating system, programming languages C, C ++, etc.Considerable attention is paid to describing the scientific and technical results of Bell Labs employees who have become Nobel, Turing, Emmy and Grammy laureates, as well as holders of the US National Medal of Technology and Innovation and the IEEE Medal of Honor. In conclusion, some other scientific achievements of Bell Labs employees that have not received the above awards are discussed. The experience of studying the history of the creation and functioning of this company can be useful when organizing innovative research centers in our country.
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LOEW, ELLIS. "A tribute to William N. “MAC” McFarland (1926–2004)." Visual Neuroscience 24, no. 3 (2007): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523807070034.
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On August 31, 2004 William N. “MAC” McFarland died in Mt. Vernon, Washington just 11 days shy of his 79th birthday. He was into his second post-retirement professorship (from Cornell and USC) at the Friday Harbor Labs of the University of Washington. Rather than the usual CV with a list of awards and accomplishments, of which Mac had many, I would like to posit the following question, “Why should Mac be honored in this issue?” To those of us who knew and worked with him, the fact that he was “Mac” says it all. However, to those who did not know him, more justification is needed.
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Dumberry, Patrick. "State Succession to BITs in the Context of the Transfer of Territory of Macao to China: Lessons Learned from the Sanum Saga." Journal of International Arbitration 35, Issue 3 (2018): 329–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2018018.
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This article examines the Sanum award and two decisions of Singapore courts dealing with the question of whether the China-Laos bilateral investment treaties (BIT) extended to Macao after the cession of this territory to China in 1999. The award and the decisions provide the first comprehensive analysis regarding the question of state succession to BITs. The article examines how these decisions have analysed the ‘moving treaty frontiers’ principle and the different exceptions set out under Article 15 of the 1978 Vienna Convention on Succession of States to Treaties in the specific and unique context of a cession of territory. These decisions also contain the first assessment of the territorial scope of application of Chinese BITs regarding Special Administrative Regions (SAR) after their handover to China. The article discusses the likely impact of the findings of the award and the decisions on the application of other Chinese BITs to the territory of Macao and that of Hong Kong.
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Alonso Rodriguez, Araceli. "Using the Arts to Spread Health, Peace and Community Wellbeing in Rural Kenya." Araucaria, no. 48 (2021): 417–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2021.i48.19.
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This article tells the empirical story of women from seven villages of Kwale, the most southeastern county in the Coast Province of Kenya that borders with Tanzania –Lunga Lunga, Godo, Perani, Umoja, Maasailand, Mpakani and Jirani– as they searched for community health, equity, gender equality and peace on their own terms. This article shows that creative health initiatives can be successfully used as mechanisms for peace building. Since 2010, the Nikumbuke-Health by All Means (N-HbAM) projects from the University of Madison-Wisconsin in the United States, have trained 57 health promoters and 32 female actors on disease prevention and health promotion that have outreached approximately 120,000 inhabitants around the county enhancing unity in diversity, and breaking down the walls of ethnic hostilities and prejudice. Because of its low cost and high effectivity, the United Nations awarded N-HbAM2 the 2013 Public Service Award as a model of best practice in gender, community development and sustainable wellbeing
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Braun, Hayley A., Christi M. Kay, Patricia Cheung, Paul S. Weiss, and Julie A. Gazmararian. "Impact of an Elementary School-Based Intervention on Physical Activity Time and Aerobic Capacity, Georgia, 2013-2014." Public Health Reports 132, no. 2_suppl (2017): 24S—32S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354917719701.
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Objectives: The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the impact of a 1-year elementary school physical activity intervention on changes in teacher-reported school-based physical activity time and (2) assess the relationship between these changes and changes in student aerobic capacity. Methods: HealthMPowers, a nonprofit organization, provided a multicomponent physical activity intervention to 3479 students in 39 schools in Georgia during 2013-2014. HealthMPowers administered a survey to faculty members before (August 2013) and after (May 2014) the intervention to measure student physical activity times. The organization collected pre- and post-intervention Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) laps (a measure of aerobic capacity that awards 1 lap for each completed 20-meter lap) for 2342 fourth-grade students. We performed linear regression to determine the relationship between school-level changes in teacher-reported school-based physical activity time and student aerobic capacity. Results: The weekly estimated teacher-reported time in physical activity increased by 39 minutes from pre- to post-intervention: 21 minutes for recess, 17 minutes for classroom, and 1 minute for physical education. The mean number of student PACER laps increased by 3 laps from pre- to post-intervention, and 1515 of 2342 (65%) students increased the number of PACER laps completed. We observed a positive association between school-level changes in school-based physical activity time and school-level changes in PACER laps ( r = 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-0.46). Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for more prospective research into multicomponent physical activity interventions. Rigorous testing, including randomized controlled trials of large-scale implementations, is needed to examine how these school-based interventions might be used to improve the physical activity and fitness of larger populations of children.
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Lupp, Gerd, Aude Zingraff-Hamed, Josh J. Huang, Amy Oen, and Stephan Pauleit. "Living Labs—A Concept for Co-Designing Nature-Based Solutions." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (2020): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010188.
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Living Labs are recognized as a progressive form to foster innovation and the strengthening of collaborative planning. The concept has received strong attention by the European Union (EU) research and innovation agendas recently. This contribution investigates how a Living Lab approach could be used for the design and implementation of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS). NBS are gaining acceptance as a more sustainable solution for reducing the exposure to natural hazards and vulnerability to events, such as increased flooding in changing climate. However, a lack of collaborative approaches hinders their broader implementation. A literature review on the theoretical aspects of the Living Labs concept in the context of NBS is conducted, and we compare the theoretical findings with practices that were observed by case studies implementing NBS in a collaborative manner. The Isar-Plan River Restoration in Munich, Germany, and the Mountain Forest Initiative (Bergwaldoffensive). Both of the case studies have already started well before the concept of Living Labs gained wider popularity. Both award-winning cases are recognized good practice for their exemplary in-depth stakeholder involvement. The paper discusses the concepts and approaches of Living Labs and reflects on how it can serve and support in-depth participatory stakeholder involvement.
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Cozma, Raluca, and Tom Hallaq. "Digital Natives as Budding Journalists: College TV Stations’ Uses of Twitter." Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 74, no. 3 (2018): 306–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077695818805899.
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This content analysis examines how award-winning student-run TV stations use Twitter to promote their work and to communicate with followers on campus and beyond. As digital natives and budding professionals, broadcast journalism students should showcase some of the best practices in social-media use. Variables under scrutiny include levels of activity and interactivity on Twitter feeds, popularity of accounts, and focus of tweets. The findings are alarming and suggest that journalism education lags behind shifts in the industry.
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Rodriguez, Mercedes, Luis Miguel Sanchez, Eugenio Cejudo, and Jose Antonio Camacho. "Variety in local development strategies and employment: LEADER programme in Andalusia." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 1 (2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/106/2018-agricecon.
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For the period 2007–2013 LEADER became the fourth axis of rural development policy. One of the main characteristics of LEADER is that it adopts a bottom-up approach. Local Action Groups (LAGs) have to define and implement area-based local development strategies (LDSs). In this paper, we examine the relationship between variety in the LDSs implemented by LAGs and employment safeguarding over the programming period 2007–2013 in Andalusia, the most populated region of Spain. Firstly, we construct several indicators to capture differences in the number of projects carried out, the grants awarded, the investments made and the safeguarded employment. Secondly, we carry out an exploratory factor analysis. We use cluster analysis to classify LAGs applying similar LDSs. The results obtained show that there is no ideal strategy for employment safeguarding and that spending high amounts of money in a few numbers of projects does not guarantee success. Thus, most LAGs do not show any clear specialisation pattern but obtain moderate results in terms of employment safeguarding. This supports the idea that LAGs need to have sufficient flexibility to find a balance among the different objectives of the rural development policy and to translate this balance into the funding of projects.
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Sausverde, Erika. "Lars Erik Blomqvist (1942 07 03 ‒ 2021 10 10)." Slavistica Vilnensis 66, no. 2 (2021): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/slavviln.2020.66(2).79.
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Lars Erik Blomqvist was an outstanding Swedish Slavist and celebrated translator of Russian literature. He was awarded numerous prizes for his work as a translator, honored as the best lecturer at Uppsala University, bestowed the degree of doctor honoris causa by Stockholm University, and was one of the founders of the celebrated seminar at Södertörn University focused on the translation of prose and poetry. He translated the works of Bulgakov, Erenburg, Leonov, Aitmatov, Pristavkin, Pjecuch, Pilnyak, Grossman, Bitov, and many others, including the works of Russian classics — Radischev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Sologub. One of the highlights of his translations is the anthology of Russian poetry Från Derzjavin till Brodsky (1989), which was a joint project with Hans Björkegren. Lars Erik visited Vilnius University numerous times, where he gave lectures and master classes on the translation of fiction.
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Dixit, Aparna, and Anita Shukla. "Understanding Concepts of Physics through Virtual Labs during Lockdown." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 13, no. 01 (2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v13i01.4.
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In the past years, virtual lab software applications seem to be adopted everywhere in the education world. Physical Labs play a vital role in the learning of physics. This study aims to introduce a systematic platform of experiments that are practically not possible to conduct in our physical labs. Here, we are presenting an overview of virtual labs in the field of relativity. Here, the user can experience real-time relativity (RTR) while sitting in the classrooms. Keeping in mind that students get the full liberty of committing mistakes, we are designing the experiment in the same manner. An evaluation system is being introduced to monitor the understanding of students in the respective lab. This evaluation system consists of pre and pro-test. These tests consist of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and problems on the particular subject area. After successful completion of the experiment, Users get awarded a certificate to merit his/her performance. This paper presents the virtual lab concept on time dilation effect and ultimately simulates the same in a relativistic virtual environment. In the future, the same method could be employed to study other relativistic phenomena virtually using a virtual lab.
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Hori, Rie S. "Progress and problems of gender equality in Japanese academics and geosciences." Advances in Geosciences 53 (September 4, 2020): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-195-2020.
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Abstract. In its gender equality status, Japan lags behind the European Union (EU) and other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Only 16.7 % of academic staff in national universities are women. Although there has been a slow improvement during the last 45 years, the percentage of female staff remains particularly low in the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields. In 2018, female stuff accounted for only 12.3 % in agriculture, 8.7 % in science, and 6.2 % in engineering. The number of female graduate students and the number of female members of the Japanese geoscience societies have been steadily increasing since the 1998 campaign that increased the total number of graduate school places. However, low representation of females in academic job positions, as well as among the recipients of academic awards, suggests that a strong unconscious bias against women still exists in Japan. Continuing public attention to these issues is essential for the improvement of the situation.
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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Dr Ken Goldberg, Professor, Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, UC Berkeley; Inventor and Artist." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 46, no. 2 (2019): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-02-2019-0026.
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Purpose The following article is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business, and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry PhD and inventor regarding his pioneering efforts and the commercialization of bringing a technological invention to market. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Dr Ken Goldberg, an inventor working at the intersection of art, robotics, and social media. He joined the UC Berkeley faculty in 1995 where he is the UC Berkeley William S. Floyd Jr Distinguished Chair in Engineering and recently served as Chair of the Industrial Engineering and Operations Research Department. He has secondary appointments in UC Berkeley’s Electrical Engineering/Computer Science, Art Practice and the School of Information. Goldberg also holds an appointment at the UC San Francisco Medical School’s Department of Radiation Oncology where he pursues research in medical robotics. Goldberg is Director of the CITRIS “People and Robots” Initiative and the UC Berkeley’s Laboratory for Automation Science and Engineering (AUTOLAB) where he and his students research machine learning for robotics and automation in warehouses, homes, and operating rooms. In this interview, Goldberg shares some of his personal and business perspectives from his career-long pursuit of making robots less clumsy. Findings Goldberg earned dual BS degrees in Electrical Engineering and Economics from the University of Pennsylvania in 1984, and MS and PhD degrees in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1990. Goldberg also studied at Edinburgh University and the Technion. From 1991-95 he taught at the University of Southern California, and in fall 2000, he was visiting faculty at the MIT Media Lab. Goldberg and his students pursue research in three primary areas: Geometric Algorithms for Automation, Cloud Robotics, and Robot Learning. Originality/value Goldberg developed the first complete algorithms for part feeding and part fixturing, and developed the first robot on the Internet. His inventions have been awarded nine US Patents. Goldberg has published over 250 peer-reviewed technical papers and edited four books. He co-founded and served as Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering (T-ASE). He is also Co-Founder of the Berkeley AI Research (BAIR) Lab, the Berkeley Center for New Media (BCNM), the African Robotics Network (AFRON), the Center for Automation and Learning for Medical Robotics (CAL-MR), the CITRIS Data and Democracy Initiative (DDI), Hybrid Wisdom Labs, and Moxie Institute. He has presented over four hundred keynote and invited lectures. Goldberg's artwork, closely linked with his research, has appeared in over seventy venues. Ken was awarded the Presidential Faculty Fellowship in 1995 by Bill Clinton, the Joseph Engelberger Robotics Award in 2000, elected IEEE Fellow in 2005, and selected by the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society for the George Saridis Leadership Award in 2016.
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Gargano, Giuseppe. "The Bottom-Up Development Model as a Governance Instrument for the Rural Areas. The Cases of Four Local Action Groups (LAGs) in the United Kingdom and in Italy." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 9123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169123.
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The present research which originates from the author’s PhD dissertation awarded at the School of Politics of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne in 2019, explores the comparative evolution of rural development policies and Local Action Groups (LAGs) in the United Kingdom (Argyll and the Islands LAG—Scotland and Coast, Wolds, Wetlands and Waterways LAG—England) and in Italy (Delta 2000 LAG—Emilia-Romagna Region and Capo Santa Maria di Leuca LAG—Puglia Region) in a multi-level governance framework. LAGs and in particular their public–private local partnerships have become common practice in the governance of rural areas. This governance operates within the European Union LEADER approach as a tool designed to generate the development of rural areas at local level. In order to establish the implications of the LAG practices, the following main objectives for this research have been established: (1) to explore the utility of EU strategies for rural development; (2) to explain how LAGs structure, institutional arrangements and working are positioned in the layers of MLG framework; (3) to carry out a comparative evaluation of the LAGs working in the different nations and their subnational contexts. Some significant findings from the case studies are summarized in relation to these themes: the key characteristics and the outcomes associated with the LAG working mechanisms and what do we draw about the emergence, operation and performance of local partnerships. The core argument of the research is that the partnership approach has given the rural development actors a governance platform to help increase beneficial interactions and economic activity in each of these LAGs, but it is the bottom-up leadership of key local actors, seizing opportunities provided by the EU funding, which have been the most important factors for the LAG successes.
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Ayuso, Luis. "What future awaits couples Living Apart Together (LAT)?" Sociological Review 67, no. 1 (2018): 226–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026118799053.
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In recent years there has been increased interest in couples Living Apart Together (LAT) within the sociology of the family in Europe. One of the main questions concerns understanding their evolution over time. Given the lack of longitudinal data, the present study focuses as a proxy to study the perception LATs hold of their future and the influencing factors. Based on data from the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS), a sample of 5253 people in LAT relationships was taken from seven European countries. The results show that the future intentions of these couples are conditioned by the understanding of the family in different European countries, the age of its members and, above all, the social pressure exerted by family and friends to live together and/or marry.
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McCullagh, Peter. "John Wilder Tukey. 16 June 1915 – 26 July 2000." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 49 (January 2003): 537–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2003.0032.
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John Wilder Tukey was a scientific generalist, a chemist by undergraduate training, a topologist by graduate training, an environmentalist by his work on Federal Government panels, a consultant to US corporations, a data analyst who revolutionized signal processing in the 1960s, and a statistician who initiated grand programmes whose effects on statistical practice are as much cultural as they are specific. He had a prodigious knowledge of the physical sciences, legendary calculating skills, an unusually sharp and creative mind, and enormous energy. He invented neologisms at every opportunity, among which the best known are ‘bit’ for binary digit, and ‘software’ by contrast with hardware, both products of his long association with Bell Telephone Labs. Among his legacies are the fast Fourier transformation, one degree of freedom for non-additivity, statistical allowances for multiple comparisons, various contributions to exploratory data analysis and graphical presentation of data, and the jackknife as a general method for variance estimation. He popularized spectrum analysis as a way of studying stationary time series, he promoted exploratory data analysis at a time when the subject was not academically respectable, and he initiated a crusade for robust or outlier-resistant methods in statistical computation. He was for many years a scientific adviser to Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon. A 1965 report he wrote was the impetus leading to Congressional action that created the Environmental Protection Agency, and a later 1976 report (4)* confirmed the threat of halocarbons to stratospheric ozone. His work for the State Department on the Nuclear Weapons Test Ban Treaty led him to develop data-analytic tools to distinguish explosions from earthquakes. Evidence of his influence can be seen in a wide areas of science and technology, from oceanography to seismology, from topology to sampling and statistical graphics. Among many honours, he was awarded the S.S. Wilks award of the American Statistical Association in 1965, the Medal of Honour of the Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers in 1982, and the US National Medal of Science in 1973.
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Manvar, Amar, and Sammy Ho. "EUS-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy with Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent (LAMS) for Management of Pyogenic Liver Abscess: Presidential Poster Award." American Journal of Gastroenterology 113, Supplement (2018): S965—S966. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201810001-01684.
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Mutinda, Gladys, and Zhimin Liu. "On the Roles of World-Class Universities and the Sustainability Agenda in Africa: A Case Study of Two Universities in South Africa and Egypt." Higher Education Studies 11, no. 4 (2021): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v11n4p70.
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In the past decade, the World Class University discussion has become rampant due to the integral role that higher education plays in any economy's aspiration to compete globally while still pursuing sustainability. This article reports on a study that explored the roles played by world-class universities (WCUs) in fostering sustainability initiatives and practices in the African context. The article harnesses a document review approach that facilitates in-depth document analysis using two world-class institutions in Africa: The University of Cape Town in South Africa and American University in Cairo in Egypt as case studies. This study finds that world-class institutions in the two countries have rigorous, comprehensive sustainability organisations, synthesised and adopted from international agreements and concepts. The sustainability organisation is characterised by a less hierarchical approach to its management and leadership. Sustainability in research is fostered through environmental research and other key research areas such as food and medicine. Sustainable teaching is fostered through living-learning labs, redesigned curriculums, targeted degree programs and lecturer development through training and awards as incentives. Tangible, sustainable technology and innovation initiatives are also evident. This article comprehensively establishes the links and roles played by WCUs in fostering sustainability. It aids potential WCUs in Africa to understand and adopt sustainable initiatives within different and dynamic institutional contexts.
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Harrison, Jon F., Jennifer S. Nichols, and Allison C. Whitmer. "Evaluating the impact of physical renovation, computerization, and use of an inquiry approach in an undergraduate, allied health human anatomy and physiology lab." Advances in Physiology Education 25, no. 4 (2001): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advances.2001.25.4.202.
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This paper describes and evaluates a major renovation of a human anatomy and physiology lab for allied health students. A Howard Hughes Medical Institute award funded an extensive collaboration between faculty involved in teaching the course and faculty with expertise in industrial and furniture design. The resulting physical lab has unique features designed to improve work in groups, student movement, and integration of computers with wet laboratories. The anatomy curriculum was switched from fetal pig dissections to the use of human cadavers, computer animations, and plastic models. An inquiry approach was integrated into the physiology curriculum. Student attitude surveys suggest that the physical and curricular changes resulted in a significant increase in student learning. An experiment designed to specifically test the effect of new vs. old equipment did not support a benefit to new equipment independent of changes in the lab physical environment and curriculum. Because the improvements in student attitude surveys occurred in the physiology but not the anatomy labs, we suggest that at least a portion of the increase is due to the institution of the inquiry approach.
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Little, Dan. "(Organic and Biological Electrochemistry Division Manuel M. Baizer Award) A Perspective on Organic Electrochemistry." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 42 (2022): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01421826mtgabs.
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Manuel Baizer’s profound influence upon electrochemistry is undeniable. He was a pioneer and a visionary whose influence and insights continue to permeate scientific thought. During his lifetime Baizer frequently expressed frustration at the slow pace at which electrochemistry’s attributes were accepted and utilized by the broader community of organic chemists. Even now, despite a tremendous surge and a steady increase in the number of researchers who are exploring the breadth of the field, the rate of its inclusion in textbooks lags far behind – a situation that appears to be on the cusp of a most appropriate change. I was fortunate to have Manuel Baizer as my colleague at UCSB. His optimism, drive, curiosity and interest in the field was contagious. Without doubt, his arrival on the UCSB campus provided the spark needed to turn my passing interest into action. Several co-directed students and research projects resulted including, for example, work involving electrogenerated bases, the generation and utilization of superoxide, as well as various intramolecular electroreductive processes and their application to the total synthesis of natural products. Today’s presentation will focus upon examples of these efforts and will then turn to ongoing research in the area of mediated electron transfer chemistry.
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Slichter, Sherrill J., Larry J. Dumont, Jose A. Cancelas, et al. "Treatment of Bleeding in Severely Thrombocytopenic Patients with Transfusion of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) Cryopreserved Platelets (CPP) Is Safe - Report of a Phase 1 Dose Escalation Safety Trial." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.1030.1030.
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Abstract Availability of platelets (plts) is severely limited by shelf life in some military as well as civilian settings. Additionally, some bleeding, thrombocytopenic patients do not have a therapeutic response to a standard plt transfusion. Methods for cryopreservation of apheresis plts for up to two years in 6% DMSO at <-65°C (CPP) have been developed and evaluated by in vitro assays and by in vivo infusions in non-human primates, in a few controlled human trials, and in field military operations. However, FDA has not yet approved CPP for routine use. Autologous radiolabeled CPP in healthy volunteers (n=32) had average plt recoveries of 33 ± 10% and survivals of 7.5 ± 1.2 days, and these results were 52 ± 12% and 89 ± 15%, respectively, of the same volunteers' fresh radiolabeled plts. The in vitro phenotype of CPP showed higher granule secretion, phosphotidylserine expression, and plt microparticles and poorer responses to common plt agonists compared to standard room temperature stored plts. These data suggest that transfused CPP might lead to an accelerated and enhanced clotting process in vivo. Our objective was to evaluate the safety of transfused CPP in a Phase-1 dose escalation trial. Eligibility criteria were hospitalized thrombocytopenic hematology/oncology patients with active World Health Organization (WHO) Grade 2 or greater bleeding that was, in most patients, uncontrolled by standard plts, no history of unprovoked thrombotic events, and no indication of active DIC. Fifty-nine patients consented and 28 were transfused with ½ CPP unit (n=5), one CPP unit (n=7), two CPP units (n=6), and three CPP units (n=6). One thawed single apheresis CPP unit contained 2.5 x 1011 ± 4.2 x 1010 plts in 50 ± 4 ml. In addition, one standard apheresis plt unit was randomly given to patients enrolled in each cohort (n=4). The study conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki and was listed on clinical trials.gov (NCT02078284). Patients were monitored for six days post-transfusion for adverse events (AEs) including clinical assessments for signs or symptoms of thrombosis and specific laboratory assays: prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), D-dimer, fibrinogen, prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 (F1+2), antithrombin, thrombin antithrombin (TAT), thrombin generation (TGT), and thromboelastography (TEG). All safety data were reviewed by an independent data safety monitoring committee prior to escalation to the next higher dose cohort. No thrombotic events occurred after transfusion of CPP units. Five serious AEs were reported, and none were associated with the CPP transfusion but, rather, were related to worsening of the patients' underlying medical conditions. Of 38 AEs, 5 were, at least, possibly related to a CPP transfusion and included DMSO skin odor following a ½ CPP unit and three CPP units (n=2), mild fever and chills in the same patient after one CPP unit (n=2), and moderate headache the next day following transfusion of three CPP units (n=1). As expected in this clinically-ill patient population, D-dimer, fibrinogen, F1+2, aPTT, and TAT averaged higher than the upper limit of normal prior to transfusion and remained similar following transfusion. TGT and TEG were suppressed pre-transfusion and were improved towards normal levels following transfusion of either CPP or standard plts. There was no induction of a post-transfusion hypercoagulable state in any patient based on laboratory results. Modest increases in corrected plts count increments (x 103/mm3) were observed following CPP transfusion (one CPP unit gave CCI's of 2.3 ± 3.5; two CPP units 4.2 ± 2.8; and three CPP units 5.6 ± 2.3) compared with 21.1 ± 3.6 after one unit of standard apheresis plts. Notably, all patients had stabilization or improvement of their bleeding following a CPP transfusion including one patient with Grade 4 CNS bleeding who had resolution of neurologic symptoms with no further plt transfusions, and four patients (17%) had WHO bleeding downgraded. In conclusion, the infusion of up to three sequential units of CPP in patients with severe thrombocytopenia and active bleeding was safe without any evidence of thrombotic complications despite CPP having a procoagulant phenotype resulting from the cryopreservation process. CPP may be efficacious to stop bleeding in thrombocytopenic patients as suggested by stabilization or downgrading of WHO bleeding grades. Phase 2/3 efficacy clinical trials are now indicated. Disclosures Slichter: NHLBI / NIH: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Cerus Corporation: Research Funding; Terumo BCT: Research Funding; Cellphire: Research Funding; Department of Defense / US Army Medical Research and Material Command: Research Funding; Megakaryon: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Stock options. Dumont:US Army Medical Research and Material Command (Award W81XWH-15-C-0047) / Department of Defense: Research Funding. Cancelas:New Health Sciences, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; US Army Medical Research and Material Command (Award W81XWH-15-C-0047) / Department of Defense: Research Funding; National Institutes of Health: Research Funding; Terumo BCT: Research Funding; Cerus Corporation: Research Funding; Haemonetics, Inc.: Research Funding; Citra Labs, Inc.: Research Funding; Cellphire, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; William & Lawrence Hughes Foundation: Research Funding; Leukemia & Lymphoma Society of North America: Research Funding. Gernsheimer:Department of Defense: Research Funding; NHLBI / NIH: Research Funding. Szczepiorkowski:Fresenius Kabi: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Grifols: Consultancy, Research Funding; Terumo BCT: Consultancy; Cerus Corporation: Research Funding; Erydel: Research Funding; Citra Labs: Research Funding; US Army Medical Research and Material Command (Award W81XWH-15-C-0047) / Department of Defense: Research Funding; American Association of Blood Banks: Other: President-Elect. Dunbar:Verax Biomedical: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; US Army Medical Research and Material Command (Award W81XWH-15-C-0047) / Department of Defense: Research Funding. Jones:US Army Medical Research and Material Command (Award W81XWH-15-C-0047) / Department of Defense: Research Funding. Rugg:US Army Medical Research and Material Command (Award W81XWH-15-C-0047) / Department of Defense: Research Funding. Prakash:US Army Medical Research and Material Command (Award W81XWH-15-C-0047) / Department of Defense: Research Funding. Hmel:US Army Medical Research and Material Command (Award W81XWH-15-C-0047) / Department of Defense: Research Funding. Ransom:US Army Medical Research and Material Command (Award W81XWH-15-C-0047) / Department of Defense: Research Funding.
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Qingzhi, Zhang, Yang Yacheng, Qi Yaoyuan, and Lei Jiasu. "Science-Based Innovation in China: A Case Study of Artemisinin from Laboratory to the Market." Journal of Industrial Integration and Management 03, no. 02 (2018): 1850011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424862218500112.
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Science-based innovation emerged from novel and discontinuous innovations which provoked irreversible yet significant changes in science and technology. This research investigated the commercialization process of artemisinin, a typical science-based innovation in China. Due to her research involvement with artimisinin (qinghaosu), Tu Youyou received the 2011 Lasker Award in clinical medicine and the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura. In this paper, the authors reviewed the process of artemisinin’s innovation from labs in a research institute to its entrance into the market. Based on the research, we reached the following conclusions. First, during the process of science-based innovation, a “new technology platform” might be established and a series of applications might be invented. Second, the extensive cooperation among research institutions and companies played a vital role in the science-based innovation. Third, the science-based innovation emerged through multidisciplinary research teams as well as contacts among scientists with cross-fields expertise. Fourth, for science-based innovation, early research funding mainly relied on public funds. During the commercialization stage, corporate funding plays a major role. Fifth, a clear research objective, an overall planning, coordination, and the stability of policies were also important factors in the entire science-based innovation process.
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Rezk, Amir N., Eliza Reed, and David L. Diehl. "Afferent Limb Syndrome Treated with EUS Guided Gastrojejunostomy Using a Lumen-Apposing Self-expanding Metal Stent (LAMS): 2016 ACG Presidential Poster Award." American Journal of Gastroenterology 111 (October 2016): S723—S724. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201610001-01560.
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Savinell, Robert F. "(Vittorio de Nora Award) Electrolytes: Discovery to Fundamentals, and Fundamentals to Discovery." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 3 (2022): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-013479mtgabs.
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I am humbled to be among the prominent scientist, engineers, and inventors who have been past ECS Vittorio De Nora Awardees. I have met with Professor De Nora on several occasions, and will share some anecdotes of these encounters throughout my presentation and give some historical perspectives. As you can imagine, because of my personal encounters with Professor De Nora and my long-time affiliation with the ECS, this Award is special to me. In this presentation I will talk about three different types of electrolyte systems that we have addressed over the years. One of my earlier projects was researching the performance factors of the all iron flow battery. This approach to energy storage was actually a direct outcome of Professor De Nora’s push to develop a large flow battery at the Diamond Shamrock Corporation. The effort was driven by the need for large-scale energy storage for power plant load leveling. Of course, the motivation of the all iron approach was that it is a simple redox system with the prospective for low cost and sustainable reactants. We published our experimental findings in 1981 in JES1. After a long hiatus of work on this system, it started to become of interest again about a decade ago with labs and companies pursuing this chemistry. We then introduced the concept of a slurry electrode for the all-iron flow battery, and pursued its development. The slurry electrode/electrolyte system facilitated the design to separate power capacity from energy capacity. I will talk about some of the key experimental observations and analysis with the slurry electrode, and the future prospects for an all-iron slurry energy storage system. The second system I will discuss is the proton conducting high temperature polymer membrane of PBI doped with phosphoric acid, which we introduced in the early 1990s2. Similar to the discovery of the DSA electrode invented by Henri Beer (1980 Vittorio De Nora Awardee) which De Nora is credited for commercializing, the PBI/PA system is an example of chance discovery. The PBI/PA discovery motivated several decades of research, and now is a commercial product. I will tell the story about the origin of the concept (with Professor Ernest Yeager, the 1995 Vittorio De Nora Awardee) and its discovery, and then summarize some of the advances made over the years. Finally, I will talk about the most recent research on electrolytes that I am involved in. There has been a long standing need for advancing the fundamental science for the discovery of new electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage systems including redox flow batteries and electrochemical capacitors; and also for electrochemical processes and devices such as energy conversion, metal deposition, separations and sensors. For example, by specifically designing new electrolytes with higher concentrations of electrochemically active species, low flammability and tunable transport properties, substantial improvements could be realized in (i) energy and power density, (ii) safety and reductions in environmental impact, and (iii) performance of energy storage systems. Our current research focus is on developing the fundamental underpinnings of three materials approaches: deep eutectic solvents (DESs), microemulsions, and nanoparticle organic hybrid materials (NOHMS). I will describe these three materials systems which have molecular and messo-scale structure that influence transport and interfacial properties. The goal of our activity is to develop an understanding of (i) structure-property relationships, (ii) transport mechanisms, (iii) interfacial electrode-electrolyte structure and its evolution, (iv) electron and ion transfer reactions in these structured materials systems, and (v) how these structures and properties can be tailored at the atomistic level to advance performance in electrochemical energy storage systems and electrochemical processes. In order to accomplish this goal, we have assembled a research team consisting of key researchers, students, and postdocs from seven academic institutions and one national lab, all having unique and specialized expertise and facilities. This team forms the DOE Emerging Frontier Research Center on Breakthrough Electrolytes for Energy Storage (EFRC-BEES)3. In this talk, I will address a couple of the approaches we are taking and what we learned about these materials systems as electrolytes4. Finally, I would like to thank the many colleagues and friends who have collaborated with and supported me over the past four to five decades, and especially all of my students and postdocs that I had the pleasure to work with. References: 1. Electrochem. Soc., 128, 18-25 2. Electrochem. Soc., 142, L121-L123 (1995). 3. https://engineering.case.edu/research/centers/breakthrough-electrolytes-for-energy-storage 4. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=vjZ_8v8AAAAJ&hl=en
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Tsuji, Masatsugu, Yasushi Ueki, Hidenori Shigeno, Hiroki Idota, and Teruyuki Bunno. "R&D and non-R&D in the innovation process among firms in ASEAN countries." European Journal of Management and Business Economics 27, no. 2 (2018): 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejmbe-02-2018-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify factors promoting innovation in the framework of R&D based on surveys conducted on firms in five ASEAN countries, Indonesia, Laos, Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach The analytical method divided sample firms into two categories, namely, “the R&D group” and “non-R&D group.” The analysis attempts to identify which of the internal capabilities, consisting of technology, human factors and organization factors, promote innovation. Ordered probit analysis is employed. Findings Findings from the estimations indicate that the two groups pursue product innovation differently. The R&D group promotes innovation by cross-functional teams of production, engineering, and marketing and IT use, whereas the non-R&D group promote product innovation by HRD programs for workers, group awards for suggestions or QC, and ISO9000 series. Research limitations/implications The number of samples related to the non-R&D group is too small to conduct statistical analysis. External linkages played an important role in the authors’ previous studies. The introduction of external linkages into the model may yield different results, though the analysis would become more complex. Practical implications The results of this paper provide the solid basis of policy to promote innovation and upgrading SMEs in the region. Social implications Many ASEAN SMEs successfully achieve innovation without owning specified in-house departments or sections to conduct R&D. Originality/value The features of this paper lie in the original firm-level survey data and rigorous estimation method using ordered probit analysis, which are new to this literature.
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Parajuli, D., G. C. Kaphle, N. Murali, and K. Samatha. "Structural Identification of Cubic Aluminum and Non-Cubic Titanium using X-Ray Diffractometer." Journal of Lumbini Engineering College 4, no. 1 (2022): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/lecj.v4i1.49369.
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The unknown crystalline samples like minerals, inorganic compounds etc. are identified mostly with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD). More than 25 Nobel prizes have been awarded to the works based on it. The identification of the solids are essential for the research in various streams of science like Material, Environmental, Geo, Engineering and Biology. The XRD is based on Bragg’s law. The diffraction pattern obtained after passing the X-ray through interatomic slit is the main source of the structure. It was first demonstrated by Max von Laue (1912). The XRD is now attached with instrumental and computational tools. This paper focus on different steps for the indexing of an X-ray diffraction pattern, identifying the Bravais lattice, and calculating the lattice parameters of the cubic (Al) and non-cubic (Ti) system that are the starting elements we have used for the preparation of MXene. We have used the experimental and mathematical ways for the determinations of the intended structural values. The values obtained were in well agreement with the standard data.
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Lustig, Frantisek, Jiri Dvorak, Pavel Kuriscak, and Pavel Brom. "Open Modular Hardware and Software Kit for Creations of Remote Experiments Accessible from PC and Mobile Devices." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 12, no. 07 (2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v12i07.5833.
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<p class="Abstract">The goal of this paper is to introduce <em>open </em>modular <em>hardware </em>and <em>software </em>system “iSES Remote Lab SDK” (iSES – internet School Experimental Studio) designed for easy creation of real remotely controlled laboratories (RCL) that are accessible from PC, tablets and mobile phones. Open modular system “iSES Remote Lab SDK” consists of approx. 20 freely distributable JavaScript objects in a commented source code. Widgets are highly configurable and provide many well documented options and allow to build a complex measurement and control interface with data and video transfer. Open modular system “iSES Remote Lab SDK” can communicate with different measurement platforms (ISES, Arduino are ready; CMA CoachLab, Vernier etc. are tested), and also common universal measurement devices with a COM or USB port, further universal rotation and linear motion stepper motors, etc.). We will introdukce our 18 online advanced remote labs. Any user may have an access to the RCL on PC and mobile devices (iPad, smart phone, etc.) as well. Even non-programmers can build up a simple RCL and publish it in 15 minutes on the Internet! System “iSES Remote Lab SDK“ has obtained the GOLC Online Laboratory Award 2016 in the category Remote Controlled Lab [1].</p>
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Badmus, O. O., K. M. Eveker, and C. N. Nett. "Aircraft Engine Committee Best 1993 Paper Award: Control-Oriented High-Frequency Turbomachinery Modeling: General One-Dimensional Model Development." Journal of Turbomachinery 117, no. 3 (1995): 320–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835666.
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In this paper, an approach for control-oriented high-frequency turbomachinery modeling previously developed by the authors is applied to develop one-dimensional unsteady compressible viscous flow models for a generic turbojet engine and a generic compression system. We begin by developing models for various components commonly found in turbomachinery systems. These components include: ducting without combustion, blading, ducting with combustion, heat soak, blading with heat soak, inlet, nozzle, abrupt area change with incurred total pressure losses, flow splitting, bleed, mixing, and the spool. Once the component models have been developed, they are combined to form system models for a generic turbojet engine and a generic compression system. These models are developed so that they can be easily modified and used with appropriate maps to form a model for a specific rig. It is shown that these system models are explicit (i.e., can be solved with any standard ODE solver without iteration) due to the approach used in their development. Furthermore, since the nonlinear models are explicit, explicit analytical linear models can be derived from the nonlinear models. The procedure for developing these analytical linear models is discussed. An interesting feature of the models developed here is the use of effective lengths within the models, as functions of axial Mach number and nondimensional rotational speed, for rotating components. These effective lengths account for the helical path of the flow as it moves through a rotating component. Use of these effective lengths in the unsteady conservation equations introduces a nonlinear dynamic lag consistent with experimentally observed compressor lag and replaces less accurate linear first-order empirical lags proposed to account for this phenomenon. Models of the type developed here are expected to prove useful in the design and simulation of (integrated) surge control and rotating stall avoidance schemes.
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Jepsen, Martin, Matilda Palm, and Thilde Bruun. "What Awaits Myanmar’s Uplands Farmers? Lessons Learned from Mainland Southeast Asia." Land 8, no. 2 (2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8020029.
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Mainland Southeast Asia (MSA) has seen sweeping upland land use changes in the past decades, with transition from primarily subsistence shifting cultivation to annual commodity cropping. This transition holds implications for local upland communities and ecosystems. Due to its particular political regime, Myanmar is at the tail of this development. However, with Myanmar’s official strategy of agricultural commercialization and intensification, recent liberalization of the national economy, and influx of multinational agricultural companies, the effects on upland land transitions could come fast. We analyze the current state of upland land use in Myanmar in a socio-economic and political context, identify the dynamics in three indicator commodity crops (maize, cassava, and rubber), and discuss the state driven economic, tenurial and policy reforms that have occurred in upland areas of mainland Southeast Asian countries in past decades. We draw on these insights to contextualize our study and hypothesize about possible transition pathways for Myanmar. The transition to annual commodity cropping is generally driven by a range of socio-economic and technical factors. We find that land use dynamics for the three indicator crops are associated with market demand and thus the opening of national Southeast-Asian economies, research and development of locally suitable high yielding varieties (HYVs), and subsidies for the promotion of seeds and inputs. In contrast, promotion of HYVs in marginal areas and without adequate agricultural extension services may results in agricultural contraction and yield dis-intensification. The environmental impacts of the transition depend on the transition pathway, e.g., through large-scale plantation projects or smallholder initiatives. The agricultural development in upland MSA follows a clear diffusion pattern with transition occurring first in Thailand, spreading to Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. While these countries point to prospects for Myanmar, we hypothesize that changes will come slow due to Myanmar’s sparse rural infrastructure, with uncertainty about tenure, in particular in areas still troubled by armed conflicts, and unwillingness of international investors to approach Myanmar given the recent setbacks to the democratization process.
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BECKMANN, S., and C. G. GREVELDING. "Paving the way for transgenic schistosomes." Parasitology 139, no. 5 (2011): 651–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011001466.
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SUMMARYIn parasitological research, significant progress has been made with respect to genomics and transcriptomics but transgenic systems for functional gene analyses are mainly restricted to the protozoan field. Gene insertion and knockout strategies can be applied to parasitic protozoa as well as gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi). By contrast, research on parasitic helminthes still lags behind. Along with the major advances in genome and transcriptome analyses e.g. for schistosomes, methods for the functional characterization of genes of interest are still in their initial phase and have to be elaborated now, at the beginning of the post-genomic era. In this review we will summarize attempts made in the last decade regarding the establishment of protocols to transiently and stably transform or transfect schistosomes. Besides approaches using particle bombardment, electroporation or virus-based infection strateies to introduce DNA constructs into adult and larval schistosome stages to express reporter genes, first approaches have also been made in establishing protocols based on soaking, lipofection, and/or electroporation for RNA interference to silence gene activity. Although in these cases remarkable progress can be seen, the schistosome community eagerly awaits major breakthroughs especially with respect to stable transformation, but also for silencing or knock-down strategies for every schistosome gene of interest.
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Tajti, János, Délia Szok, Aliz Nyári, and László Vécsei. "CGRP and CGRP-Receptor as Targets of Migraine Therapy: Brain Prize-2021." CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 21, no. 6 (2022): 460–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527320666211011110307.
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Background : Migraine is a highly prevalent primary headache with an unclear pathomechanism. During the last 40 years, numerous hypotheses have arisen; among them, the theory of the trigeminovascular system is the primary one. It serves as a skeleton in successful preclinical studies and in the development of effective therapeutic options for migraine headache. Objective : The brain prize (awarded annually by the Lundbeck Foundation) is the most prestigious tribute in neuroscience. The winners in 2021 were Lars Edvinsson, Peter Goadsby, Michael Moskowitz and Jes Olesen. They are the fathers of migraine pathomechanism, which led to revolutionary new treatments. This review summarizes their landmark findings. Methods : Data related to this topic were reviewed from PubMed records published between 1979 and May 2021. Searches were based on preclinical and clinical studies in the covered field. The findings were listed in chronological order. From a therapeutic perspective, only randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis were discussed. Results: The calcitonin gene-related peptide-related pathogenesis of migraine is based on the activation of the trigeminovascular system. The therapeutic triad for migraine is triptans, gepants, and calcitonin gene-related peptide-targeted monoclonal antibodies. Conclusion: In the past 40 years, the systematic work of leading headache scientists has resulted in robust theoretical and therapeutic knowledge in the preclinical and clinical study of migraine.
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Kucukal, Erdem, Aaron Wolfe, Ryan Kocevar, et al. "Hypoxic Storage of Red Blood Cells: Assessment of Adhesion Properties Using a Standardized Endothelium-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Platform." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (2021): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-151270.
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Abstract Background: Blood transfusions are routine medical procedures in which stored blood or blood products (i.e., red blood cells, RBCs) are given to the patient to prevent adverse health outcomes due to acute or chronic anemia. The current regulations require RBCs to be stored at 4 ºC not more than 42 days before a transfusion. However, RBCs undergo extensive rheological changes during storage and may contribute to complications associated with transfusion. Hemanext has recently introduced an innovative storage system to ameliorate such storage lesions, in which RBCs are stored in a hypoxic environment, and thus they are exposed to much lower oxidative stress during storage. In this study, we report the changes in adhesion properties of stored RBCs to human endothelial cells following a 42-day storage in normoxia vs hypoxia, using a standardized endothelialized microfluidic platform: Endothelium-on-a-chip. Methods: Two units of 1-day old blood type O positive leukocyte reduced RBCs in additive solution were pooled and divided into equal aliquots (300mL each) A and B. Unit A was stored under conventional normoxic storage condition at 4°C for 42 days. Unit B was deoxygenated so that the percent oxygen saturation of the hemoglobin was less than 20%. The deoxygenated RBCs were stored in an oxygen impermeable storage bag for 42 days at 4°C. Adhesion levels were tested at the beginning (baseline, Week 1) and the end of the storage period (Week 6). To conduct the adhesion experiments, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were first cultured within microfluidic channels under flow for at least 48 hours. Next, the HUVECs were treated with 40 µM heme for 4 hours at 37 ºC [1]. RBCs were centrifuged to remove the storage buffer and resuspended in basal cell culture medium (EGM, Lonza, Morristown, USA) supplemented with 10 mM HEPES at a hematocrit of 40%. A 15 µl of RBC solution was then injected over heme-activated HUVECs at a shear stress of 1 dyne/cm 2 followed by a 10-minute rinse with fresh basal culture medium to remove non-adherent RBCs. At the end of the experiment, adherent erythrocytes were manually quantified. Control experiments were conducted with non-activated HUVECs. Results: We found that RBCs that were stored under conventional normoxic condition displayed higher adhesion to heme-activated HUVECs than hypoxic condition as illustrated in Figure 1A and 1B. The baseline adhesion levels (Week 1) to non-activated HUVECs (control) were negligible (Fig. 1C, normoxia: 13±6; hypoxia: 18±10, p&gt;0.05) while both cell populations had considerable adhesion levels to heme-activated HUVECs at baseline (Fig. 1C, normoxia: 372±59; hypoxia: 335±37). Following a 6-week storage, adhesion of RBCs stored in normoxia to heme-activated HUVECs was higher compared to those stored in hypoxic conditions while the p-value was not significant, which was likely due to the limited sample size (Fig. 1C, 1782±519 vs 594±55, p=0.08, N=3). These results suggest that storage-mediated RBC adhesion to heme-activated HUVECs may be ameliorated by the novel hypoxic-storage condition. Discussion: This study showed a decrease in the adhesion of hypoxic RBCs to heme-activated HUVECs when compared to conventionally stored RBCs for transfusion. This result suggests that hypoxic RBCs may reduce the risk of developing vaso-occlusion (VOC) after RBC transfusion in patients such as in sickle cell disease where adhesion to heme-activated HUVECs has been implicated in the pathogenesis of VOC [1]. Acknowledgements: This work was funded by Hemanext. The authors would like to thank the Ohio Third Frontier Technology Validation and Start-up Fund (TVSF) and National Science Foundation Phase-I Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) award, which supported this work in part. Stored RBCs were donated by Hemanext. Reference: 1. Kucukal, E., et al., American Journal of Hematology, 2018. 93(8): p.1050-1060 Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Kucukal: BioChip Labs: Current Employment, Patents & Royalties. Kocevar: BioChip Labs: Current Employment. Nayak: BioChip Labs: Current Employment. Sowemimo-Coker: Hemanext: Current Employment. Zak: BioChip Labs: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; XaTek: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; TecTraum Inc: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Omert: Hemanext: Current Employment. Gurkan: Biochip Labs: Patents & Royalties; Hemex Health, Inc.: Current Employment, Patents & Royalties; Dx Now Inc.: Patents & Royalties; Xatek Inc.: Patents & Royalties.
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Kim, Ellie, Carmy Forney, Kenyatta Viel, et al. "Enrichment of Epstein Barr Virus in patients with Multiple Sclerosis." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (2022): 104.09. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.104.09.
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Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system affecting more than 2 million people worldwide and has been linked with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection. Previous studies by the Kottyan and Weirauch labs show that the EBNA2 protein of both EBV type 1 and 2 binds unique MS risk loci potentially causing changes at the transcriptional level contributing to MS disease progress. We hypothesize that type 1 and type 2 EBV will be detectable in the MS patient samples, and we aim to quantify EBV enrichment and identify EBV type in MS patient-derived blood samples. Analysis by qPCR showed that 30% of the control population (n=10) and 66% of the MS patient population (n=41) had detectable levels of EBV whereas the MS patients had a significantly higher frequency of EBV presence (X2 test p=0.0389). Of the samples that tested positive for EBV, 66% showed presence of type 1 EBV while 33% were unknown without a significant difference between MS patients and control group (X2 test p&gt;0.9999). Due to issues with the limit of detection, droplet digital PCR was assessed for higher sensitivity compared to qPCR, but was found to have a comparable limit of detection to qPCR. To overcome the challenge of detecting low copy number viruses, we look toward targeted DNA capture and next generation sequencing to improve the sensitivity of EBV detection and specificity of EBV typing. Understanding the distribution of EBV types among MS patients would elucidate the precise role of EBV in MS development, potentially leading to improved treatment and prevention methods. Supported by grants from NIH grants R01 HG010730, R01 NS099068, R01 GM055479, and U01 AI130830 to MTW; R01 DK107502, R01 AI148276, U19 AI070235, U01 HG011172, and P30 AR070549 to LCK; R01 AR073228, R01 AI024717, and CCHMC ARC Award 53632 to MTW and LCK.
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Kucukal, Erdem, Aaron Wolfe, Ryan Kocevar, et al. "Assessment of the Effect of Crizanlizumab on Red Blood Cell Adhesion to Endothelial Cells Using a Standardized Endothelium-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Platform." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (2021): 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-151695.
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Abstract Background: Chronic upregulation of P-selectin (P-sel) on blood cells and the endothelium leads to abnormal red blood cell (RBC) adhesion to endothelial cells, significantly contributing to vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Crizanlizumab (criz, a.k.a. SEG101) is a humanized anti-P-sel monoclonal antibody and has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to reduce the frequency of VOCs in SCD patients. Here, we report in vitro assessment of the effect of criz on patient-specific RBC adhesion to heme-activated human endothelial cells using a standardized endothelialized microfluidic platform, the Endothelium-on-a-chip. Methods: Whole blood samples were collected from 13 subjects with SCD (13 HbSS and 1 HbSC) in EDTA vacutainers. RBCs were isolated via centrifugation from whole blood and then resuspended in basal cell culture medium (EBM, Lonza, Morristown, USA) at a hematocrit of 20% buffered with 10 mM of HEPES. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were obtained from Lonza and cultured within the microfluidic channels at 15 dyne/cm 2 for at least 48 hours prior to experiments. For long-term activation, HUVECs were treated with 40 µM heme for 4 hours +/- 100 µg/ml criz for 1 hour followed by injection of blood samples through the microfluidic channels. For short-term activation, blood samples were supplemented with 40 µM heme +/- 100 µg/ml criz and injected through the microfluidic channels for 15 minutes. Thereafter, non-adherent RBCs were rinsed via either only heme-containing EGM or heme- and criz-containing EGM, and the remaining RBCs were quantified based on published methods [1]. Student's t-test was used to calculate statistical significance. Results: We found that 4-hour heme activation of HUVECs resulted in significantly elevated RBC adhesion compared to baseline although adhesion levels were heterogenous among the patient population (Fig. 1A, 1671±522 vs 17±4, p&lt;0.05). Treatment of 4-hour heme-activated HUVECs with criz did not significantly decrease RBC adhesion (Fig. 1A, 1170±413 vs 1671±522, p&gt;0.05), while we observed lower RBC adhesion to criz treated HUVECs for certain subjects (Fig. 1B). By contrast, criz treatment significantly reduced the number of adherent RBCs to 15-min heme-activated HUVECs (Fig. 1C, 135±40 vs 1513±617, p&lt;0.05). Next, we assessed whether criz would disrupt already established adhesive interactions between RBCs and 15-min heme-activated HUVECs. To do so, we first allowed RBCs to adhere to heme-activated HUVECs (for 15-min) and then rinsed the microchannels (at 10 μl/min) via either a heme- or both heme- and criz-containing solution (for 15 min). We then quantified the number of adherent RBCs at min=0 and min=15. While only 10% of the adherent RBCs remained in the microchannels following a 15-minute wash with criz, this ratio was 60% without criz (Fig. 1E). Discussion: Our results show that the magnitude of inhibition of RBC adhesion to HUVECs with criz correlated with the duration of heme-activation (4 hours vs 15 minutes). This is likely due to variable levels of different adhesion molecules on acute or chronically activated HUVECs. For instance, it has been shown that P-selectin is rapidly translocated to the cell surface following heme activation [1], but its concentration on cell surface significantly decays with time. Previous experiments have shown that sickle RBCs can adhere to cell adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 [2], which mechanistically may play a role in the case of a chronically activated endothelium. We are currently exploring whether criz would also reduce RBC adhesion to acutely activated endothelial cells that are under chronic stress. These preliminary results suggest that the Endothelium-on-a-chip, as partner in novel therapeutic studies, could help monitoring dynamics of targeted therapies in SCD patients during drug development and in clinical trials. Acknowledgements: This work was funded by Novartis. The authors would like to thank the Ohio Third Frontier Technology Validation and Start-up Fund (TVSF) and National Science Foundation Phase-I Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) award, which supported this work in part. Crizanlizumab was donated by Novartis. References: 1. Kucukal, E., et al., American Journal of Hematology, 2018. 93(8): p.1050-60 2. Kucukal, E., et al., Blood Advances, 2020. 4(15):3688-98 Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Kucukal: BioChip Labs: Current Employment, Patents & Royalties. Kocevar: BioChip Labs: Current Employment. Nayak: BioChip Labs: Current Employment. Bruederle: Novartis Pharma AG: Current Employment. Zak: XaTek: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; BioChip Labs: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; TecTraum Inc: Current Employment, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Gurkan: Dx Now Inc.: Patents & Royalties; Hemex Health, Inc.: Current Employment, Patents & Royalties; Biochip Labs: Patents & Royalties; Xatek Inc.: Patents & Royalties.
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Williams, Ian, Yan Zhou, Yuxin Zhang, Herman Sung, and Alison Edwards. "Studies of NH--N Hydrogen Bond Chains in Imidazoles by Neutron Diffraction." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314094339.
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Crystals of imidazole compounds typically organize themselves with NH---N hydrogen bonded 1D chains in the absence of other hydrogen bond donor or acceptor groups. The 'synthon' is robust, but can vary considerably in length, which is related to the pKa and the linearity of the hydrogen bond. For symmetric imidazoles with effectively perfect pKa matching of the two N atoms, this implies that many crystals may exhibit statistical disorder of the hydrogen positions. However X-ray studies alone cannot readily distinguish the true extent of this, since unlike carboxylic acid analogues, even fully ordered systems show little difference in the N(1)-C(2) and N(3)=C(2) bond lengths of the imidazole ring. Despite their fundamental nature, surprisingly few neutron studies have been carried out on such NH---N systems and only the parent compound imidazole itself has been examined in depth.[1,2] Herein we report the extension of this to a range of other imidazoles and benzimidazoles. In particular 2-methylbenzimidazole [3] and 2-ethylbenzimidazole are ideal candidates to allow study of bent and linear, ordered and disordered hydrogen bond chains in this family of compounds. Neutron data were collected at low temperature on these and other compounds, using specimens of around cubic 1mm on KOALA Laue neutron diffractometer at the Bragg Institute, Australia. The results support the general findings of related single crystal X-ray studies. However the N-H positions are obtained with good accuracy and correlations of covalent N-H to intermolecular H--N can be made. They also confirm that essentially full ordering of hydrogen bond chains in crystals such as 2-Ethylbenzimidazole (shown in Figure) is possible, with only a single 'negative peak' for the proton position found along the N---N vector. This may have positive implications for the development of such crystals as molecular ferroelectrics. The authors are grateful for an award of beam-time by ANSTO (Proposal 2765).
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El-Ghandour, Nasser M. F. "Neurosurgical education in Egypt and Africa." Neurosurgical Focus 48, no. 3 (2020): E12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.12.focus19804.
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OBJECTIVEAfrica still significantly lags in the development of neurosurgery. Egypt, located in North Africa, is well-developed in this specialty, with the largest number of neurosurgeons among all African countries. This article provides insight into neurosurgical training in Egypt, the challenges African neurosurgeons are facing, and the requirements needed to enhance neurosurgical education and build up the required neurosurgical capacity in Africa.METHODSThe information presented in the current work was collected from databases of the Egyptian Society of Neurological Surgeons and the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies.RESULTSThere are two types of neurosurgical certification in Egypt. The first type is granted by the universities (MD), and the second is awarded by the Ministry of Health (Fellow of Neurosurgery). The program in both types ranges from 6 to 9 years. The number of qualified neurosurgeons in Egypt constitutes one-third of the total number of African neurosurgeons. There is a significant shortage of neurological surgeons in Africa, and the distribution is entirely unbalanced, with the majority of neurosurgeons concentrated in the North and South regions. The most important challenge facing neurosurgery in Africa is lack of resources, which is considered to be the main obstacle to the development of neurosurgery. Other challenges include the limited number of neurosurgeons, lack of training programs, and lack of collaboration among the different regions.CONCLUSIONSProper collaboration among the different regions within the African continent regarding neurosurgical education will enhance African neurosurgical capacity and make neurosurgery an independent specialty. The definite functional polarity among different regions, regarding both the number of qualified neurosurgeons and the neurosurgical capacity, is an important factor that could help in the development of neurosurgery in this continent.
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Ayers, Katherine E., Christopher Capuano, Marcelo Carmo, et al. "(Energy Technology Division Walter van Schalkwijk Award in Sustainable Energy Technology Address) Low Temperature Water Electrolysis as a Near Term Enabler in Climate Change Mitigation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 1 (2022): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02167mtgabs.
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Generating hydrogen from renewable production methods such as water electrolysis is fundamental to meeting decarbonization goals and mitigating climate change. Regardless of the end market split for hydrogen in ground transportation applications, hydrogen is the major feedstock for industrial chemicals such as ammonia and methanol. The only way to make these processes sustainable is to eliminate carbon dioxide emissions from production of the hydrogen feedstock. Currently, over 95% of this hydrogen is generated from natural gas and other fossil fuels, producing roughly 9 g CO2/g H2. A combination of technologies such as natural gas reforming with carbon capture, utilization and sequestration (CCUS) and water splitting via electrolysis therefore need to be deployed as quickly as possible. In addition, any scheme to convert carbon dioxide to useful chemicals requires a renewable source of hydrogen atoms. So to address both curtailment of ongoing emissions and mitigation of existing CO2 waste streams, renewable hydrogen is a lynchpin for success. Low temperature electrolysis has commercially deployed for decades, making it one of the only water splitting technologies likely to make an impact in the next 5-10 years. Both liquid alkaline electrolyzers (or alkaline water electrolyzers, AWE) and proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE) have been deployed at >10 MW scale, and many companies are actively working to scale manufacturing to gigawatt capacity. While 2050 goals will likely involve implementation of a broader portfolio of technologies, scaling deployment of existing carbon neutral hydrogen technologies provides the greatest long term benefit by reducing overall emissions earlier. We therefore cannot let “perfect [become] the enemy of good”[1] in terms of waiting for the most efficient, lowest cost solution. At the same time, there are significant improvements that can be made in both AWE and PEMWE products, through advanced materials, processes, and automation. The PEMWE technology in particular can leverage much of the investment in PEM fuel cell research and development, although understanding of electrolysis specific materials and processes in ongoing. This talk will focus on the relationships between material research, process development, and understanding of degradation mechanisms in commercializing reliable technology, and the importance of academia, national labs, and industry to work together in this effort. [1] Commonly attributed to Voltaire, and others.
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Puji Dyah Nurhayati, Awik, Shabrina Syifa Ghaissani, Edwin Setiawan, et al. "Produk Herbal Ramah Lingkungan di Desa Oro-oro Ombo- Batu Malang, Provinsi Jawa Timur Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Produktivitas Masyarakat." Sewagati 6, no. 4 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j26139960.v6i4.98.
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Desa Oro-Oro Ombo merupakan salah satu kawasan tersertifikasi pertanian organik di Kota Batu yang memiliki potensi empon empon seperti jahe, laos, kencur, kunyit dan temulawak. Pengembangan potensi empon empon ini sangat menjanjikan karena memilik banyak khasiat untuk kesehatan. Hal ini didukung dengan beredar kabar bahwa virus corona bisa ditangkal dengan ramuan jamu, yang terdiri dari ramuan jahe yang disebut mpon-mpon atau empon-empon. Permasalahan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah bahwa pengolahan empon empon masih sederhana, yaitu hanya dijual dalam kondisi segar ataupun produk jamu. Empon empon hanya dimanfaatkan sebagai tambahan produksi pertanian saja, belum dilakukan pengembangan teknologi untuk membuat produk herbal yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Beberapa produk jamu belum memenuhi standar sesuai standar karena bahan baku produk jamu. Solusi yang diajukan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah Pengembangan Teknologi Pengolahan Produk Herbal Ramah Lingkungan di Desa Oro-oro Ombo- Batu Malang, Provinsi Jawa Timur sebagai usaha peningkatan potensi daerah dan peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat setempat melalui peningkatan pengetahuan, keterampilan pembuatan produk herbal yang ramah lingkungan. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah persiapan, observasi, koordinasi, sosialisasi, penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Target luaran yang akan dicapai dari Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dari ITS ini adalah peningkatan keterampilan dan penghasilan masyarakat melalui pembuatan produk herbal yang ramah lingkungan secara mandiri bahkan bisa menjadi pemasok komoditas herbal ke daerah lain. Produk – produk herbal yang berhasil di produksi oleh tim KKN ABMAS ini meliputi: Sabun Herbal dari Kelor dan Kunyit, Djamoe Imoen sebagai Peningkat Imun Tubuh dari Jahe, Kunyit, dan Serai, Cookies dengan Selai Bunga Belimbing Wuluh, Sinom berpemanis stevia, Herbal Chewy candy, Boba herbal jahe merah, Sabun cair herbal, Produk Susu Temulawak Tubruk dengan menggunakan pemanis alami Stevia. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat inipun berhasil terpublikasi dengan baik melalui beberapa kanal media diantaranya: wesbite metrotimes.news, akun instagram maupun twitter Pusat Kajian KPBI ITS, serta live streaming youtube channel ITS pada saat pelaksanaan BUMDES JATIM AWARD ITS yang dihadiri oleh Bapak Wakil Gubernur Jawa Timur. Kegiatan ini diharapkan mendukung mewujudkan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) dengan efisiensi pemanfaatan potensi empon empon sebagai produksi herbal ramah lingkungan sebagai usaha peningkatan produktivitas masyarakat. Lingkungan pertanian yang bersih, nyaman dan tertata selanjutnya dapat menjadi pionir daerah Wisata Herbal di Desa Oro-oro Ombo- Batu Malang, Provinsi Jawa Timur
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Kojić-Prodić, Biserka. "A century of X-ray crystallography and 2014 international year of X-ray crystallography." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 34, no. 1 (2015): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2015.663.
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The 100<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the Nobel prize awarded to Max von Laue in 1914 for his discovery of diffraction of X-rays on a crystal marked the beginning of a new branch of science - X-ray crystallography. The experimental evidence of von Laue's discovery was given by physicists W. Friedrich and P. Knipping in 1912. In the same year W. L. Bragg described the analogy between X-rays and visible light and formulated the Bragg's law, a fundamental relation, that connected the wave nature of X-rays and fine structure of a crystal at atomic level. In 1913 the first simple diffractometer was constructed and structure determination started by the Braggs, father and son. In 1915 their discoveries were awarded by Nobel prize in physics. Since then, X-ray diffraction has been basic method for determination of three-dimensional structures of synthetic and natural compounds. The three-dimensional structure of molecule defines its physical, chemical, and biological properties. All over the past century significance of X-ray crystallography has been recognized by about forty Nobel prizes. The examples of X-ray structure analysis, of simple crystals of rock salt, diamond and graphite, and then of complex biomolecules such as B12-vitamin, penicillin, haemoglobin/myoglobin, DNA, and biomolecular complexes such as viruses, chromatin, ribozyme, and other molecular machines, have illustrated the development of the method. Among these big discoveries double helix DNA structure is epochal one of 20<sup>th</sup> century. These discoveries together with many others within X-ray crystallography completely changed our views and helped to be developed different new fields of science such as molecular genetics, biophysics, structural molecular biology, material science, and many others. During the last decade, an implementation of free electron X-ray lasers, a new experimental tool, has opened up femtosecond dynamic crystallography. This highly advanced methodology enables to solve the structures and dynamics of the most complex biological assemblies involved in a cell metabolism. The advancements of science and technology over 20<sup>th</sup> and 21<sup>st</sup>centuries are of great influence on our views in almost all human activities. The importance of X-ray crystallography for science and technology advocates for its high impact on a wide area of research and declares it as highly interdisciplinary science. Briefly saying, crystallography defines the shape of our modern world.<p>The essay is far from being complete and it is concentrated on single crystal diffraction. The wide area of X-ray crystallography hardly can be reviewed in a single article. However, it highlights the most striking examples illustrating some of the milestones over past century.</p><p> </p>