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Journal articles on the topic 'Lava lizards'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

HervÍas-Parejo, Sandra, Ruben Heleno, Beatriz Rumeu, Beatriz Guzmán, Pablo Vargas, Jens M. Olesen, Anna Traveset, Carlos Vera, Edgar Benavides, and Manuel Nogales. "Small size does not restrain frugivory and seed dispersal across the evolutionary radiation of Galápagos lava lizards." Current Zoology 65, no. 4 (August 10, 2018): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoy066.

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AbstractFrugivory in lizards is often assumed to be constrained by body size; only large individuals are considered capable of consuming fruits, with the potential of acting as seed dispersers. However, only one previous study has tested the correlation of frugivory with body and head size at an archipelago scale across closely related species. All nine lava lizards (Microlophus spp.) were studied on the eleven largest Galápagos islands from 2010 to 2016 to investigate whether frugivory is related to body and head size. We also tested whether fruit abundance influences fruit consumption and explored the effect of seed ingestion on seedling emergence time and percentage. Our results showed that across islands, lava lizards varied considerably in size (64–102 mm in mean snout–vent length) and level of frugivory (1–23%, i.e., percentage of droppings with seeds). However, level of frugivory was only weakly affected by size as fruit consumption was also common among small lizards. Lava lizards consumed fruits throughout the year and factors other than fruit abundance may be more important drivers of fruit selection (e.g., fruit size, energy content of pulp). From 2,530 droppings, 1,714 seeds of at least 61 plant species were identified, 76% of the species being native to the Galápagos. Most seeds (91%) showed no external structural damage. Seedling emergence time (44 versus 118 days) and percentage (20% versus 12%) were enhanced for lizard-ingested seeds compared to control (uningested) fruits. De-pulping by lizards (i.e., removal of pulp with potential germination inhibitors) might increase the chances that at least some seeds find suitable recruitment conditions. We concluded that lizards are important seed dispersers throughout the year and across the whole archipelago, regardless of body size.

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2

TORRES-CARVAJAL, OMAR. "A new species of lava lizard (Iguanidae: Tropidurinae: Microlophus) from the Galápagos." Zootaxa 5428, no. 1 (March 20, 2024): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.1.2.

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Following Darwin’s visit to the Galápagos in 1835, the species of lava lizards inhabiting the archipelago were scientifically described in the remaining decades of the 19th century. Notably, only a single species was found on each of the surveyed islands, with different species on most islands. Many species have also expanded their distributions onto surrounding islets. Based on morphological and genetic evidence, I describe herein a new species of lava lizard from the 0.8 km2 Gardner islet located 8 km east of the southern island of Floreana. The new species is most similar in morphology and coloration to its sister taxon M. grayii from Floreana and nearby Champion, Caldwell, and Enderby islets. Genetic distances, haplotype networks, reciprocal monophyly and differences in scale counts support recognition of specimens from Gardner as a new species. Finally, I discuss a potential biogeographic scenario leading to the evolution of the new species described in this paper.

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3

Kizirian, David, Adrienne Trager, Maureen A. Donnelly, and John W. Wright. "Evolution of Galapagos Island Lava Lizards (Iguania: Tropiduridae: Microlophus)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32, no. 3 (September 2004): 761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.04.004.

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4

Clark, David L., Joseph M. Macedonia, John W. Rowe, Kendall Kamp, and Carlos A. Valle. "Responses of Galápagos Lava Lizards (Microlophus bivittatus) to Manipulation of Female Nuptial Coloration on Lizard Robots." Herpetologica 73, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-16-00056.

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5

HERVÍAS‐PAREJO, Sandra, Manuel NOGALES, Beatriz GUZMÁN, María del Mar TRIGO, Jens M. OLESEN, Pablo VARGAS, Ruben HELENO, and Anna TRAVESET. "Potential role of lava lizards as pollinators across the Galápagos Islands." Integrative Zoology 15, no. 2 (March 2020): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12386.

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6

Clark, David L., Joseph M. Macedonia, James C. Gillingham, John W. Rowe, Heather J. Kane, and Carlos A. Valle. "Why Does Conspecific Display Recognition Differ Among Species of Galápagos Lava Lizards? A Test Using Lizard Robots." Herpetologica 72, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-15-00040.

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7

Jordan, M. A., R. L. Hammond, H. L. Snell, H. M. Snell, and W. C. Jordan. "Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from Galapagos lava lizards (Microlophus spp.)." Molecular Ecology Notes 2, no. 3 (September 2002): 349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00247.x.

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8

Tanner, Dawn, and Jim Perry. "Road effects on abundance and fitness of Galápagos lava lizards (Microlophus albemarlensis)." Journal of Environmental Management 85, no. 2 (October 2007): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.08.022.

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9

Krohn, Alexander R., Eveline T. Diepeveen, Ke Bi, and Erica Bree Rosenblum. "Local adaptation does not lead to genome‐wide differentiation in lava flow lizards." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 12 (May 29, 2019): 6810–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5231.

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10

Pfaffenberger, Gary S., Troy L. Best, and Derik de Bruin. "Helminths of Collared Lizards (Crotaphytus collaris) from the Pedro Armendariz Lava Field, New Mexico." Journal of Parasitology 72, no. 5 (October 1986): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3281489.

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11

Burger, Joanna. "Colony and Nest Site Selection in Lava Lizards Tropidurus spp. in the Galapagos Islands." Copeia 1993, no. 3 (August 18, 1993): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1447237.

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12

JORDAN, M. A., H. L. SNELL, H. M. SNELL, and W. C. JORDAN. "Phenotypic divergence despite high levels of gene flow in Galápagos lava lizards (Microlophus albemarlensis)." Molecular Ecology 14, no. 3 (February 7, 2005): 859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02452.x.

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13

Benavides, Edgar, Rebecca Baum, Heidi M. Snell, Howard L. Snell, and Jack W. Sites, Jr. "ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF GALÁPAGOS LAVA LIZARDS (TROPIDURIDAE:MICROLOPHUS): SPECIES DIVERSITY AND COLONIZATION OF THE ARCHIPELAGO." Evolution 63, no. 6 (June 2009): 1606–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00617.x.

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14

Rowe, John W., David L. Clark, Chelsea E. Martin, and Carlos Valle. "Diel and seasonal variations in the thermal biology of San Cristobal Lava Lizards (Microlophus bivittatus)." Journal of Thermal Biology 88 (February 2020): 102518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102518.

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15

Bruinjé, Andre C., Mauricio O. Moura, Bruno S. Maggi, Vinicius A. São-Pedro, Daniel M. A. Pessoa, and Gabriel C. Costa. "Conspecifics of the Striped Lava Lizard are able to distinguish sex and male colour morphs in apparently homogeneous dull dorsal colouration." Amphibia-Reptilia 40, no. 2 (2019): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-20181048.

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Abstract Animal colouration plays a key role in inter and intraspecific interactions, pre-eminently in mate signalling. When multiple types of colouration occur within sexes it is possible that they show alternative reproductive strategies. In lizards, most colouration studies do not incorporate how colour is perceived by conspecifics. Here, we used unbiased colour analysis methods (spectrophotometry and visual modelling) to test for sexual dimorphism and within male dichromatism in the Striped Lava Lizard. We found that males express two distinct colourations that are different from females in several dorsal and ventral body regions. Our results showed UV reflection at the throat, an important body region for signalling. Ventral patches, the coloured badge seen in adult males of Tropidurus spp., have two distinct colour classes within males (Y and B males). Morphs are best discriminated by blue and yellow chroma, and brightness. Body size had little influence on colouration, suggesting that colour may be linked to inheritance rather than growth. Our study clearly shows sexual dichromatism and the existence of colour morphs in this species. Moreover, morph differences in colouration are perceptible by conspecifics. These differences are not only between ventral patches, but also in other body parts such as the dorsum, previously considered as cryptic by human observers. We suggest that colouration at the ventral patches and throat might play a role in intraspecific interactions. Patches increase colour intensity during breeding season and are likely to be costly by pigment-based expression, whereas throat’s UV reflection might have a cost infringed by conspicuousness.

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16

Clark, David L., Joseph M. Macedonia, John W. Rowe, Mark A. Stuart, Darrell J. Kemp, and Terry J. Ord. "Evolution of displays in Galápagos lava lizards: comparative analyses of signallers and robot playbacks to receivers." Animal Behaviour 109 (November 2015): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.08.002.

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17

Jordan, Mark A., and Howard L. Snell. "Life history trade-offs and phenotypic plasticity in the reproduction of Galápagos lava lizards (Microlophus delanonis)." Oecologia 130, no. 1 (January 2002): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420100776.

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18

JORDAN, M. A., and H. L. SNELL. "Historical fragmentation of islands and genetic drift in populations of Galápagos lava lizards (Microlophus albemarlensis complex)." Molecular Ecology 17, no. 5 (March 2008): 1224–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03658.x.

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19

Jordan, Mark, Howard Snell, Jennifer Hollis, and Paul Stone. "Habitat as a source of intrapopulational variation of ornament size in Galápagos lava lizards (Microlophus albemarlensis complex)." Amphibia-Reptilia 29, no. 2 (2008): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853808784125081.

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Abstract Gradients in habitat structure are expected to influence the outcome of selection on traits that contribute to communicative display. Galápagos lava lizards (Microlophus albemarlensis complex) on Isla Plaza Sur in the Galápagos Islands occur across a gradient of vegetative cover. Previous work in this population has shown that traits associated with predator avoidance are magnified in habitats with low vegetative cover. This pattern suggests that predation pressure differs by habitat and thus, may act to select against the elaboration of ornamentation. We measured the size of the chin patch, an ornament known to be used in intraspecific signaling, to test this hypothesis. The area of the chin patch was dependent on both snout-vent length and residual body mass. In contrast to expectation, males had larger chin patches in the sparsely vegetated habitat suggested to have high predation risk. This result raises questions about the presumed survival cost of ornament elaboration.

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20

Macedonia, Joseph M., David L. Clark, Morgan R. Fonley, Isabella Centurione, John W. Rowe, and Carlos A. Valle. "Analysis of Bobbing Displays in Four Species of Galápagos Lava Lizards Using Conventional and Novel Quantitative Methods." Herpetologica 75, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-19-00015.1.

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21

Snell, Howard L., Randy D. Jennings, Heidi M. Snell, and Sylvia Harcourt. "Intrapopulation variation in predator-avoidance performance of Galápagos lava lizards: The interaction of sexual and natural selection." Evolutionary Ecology 2, no. 4 (October 1988): 353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02207566.

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22

MALONZA, PATRICK K., STEPHEN SPAWLS, BRIAN FINCH, and AARON M. BAUER. "A new of species of the Agama lionotus Boulenger, 1896 complex (Squamata: Agamidae) from northern Kenya." Zootaxa 4920, no. 4 (February 2, 2021): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4920.4.5.

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Kenya has a high diversity of agamid lizards and the arid northern frontier area has the highest species richness. Among the Kenyan agama species, Agama lionotus has the widest distribution, occurring from sea level to inland areas in both dry and moist savanna as well as desert areas. This species mostly prefers rocky areas, both in granitic/metamorphic and volcanic rocks, although it also makes use of tree crevices as well as man-made structures. Recently in Marsabit, northern Kenya, a small-sized agama species, distinct from A. lionotus, was collected within a rocky lava desert area. This new species is characterized by its small size (mean SVL ~83 mm) as compared to typical A. lionotus (mean SVL ~120 mm). Past studies have shown the value of adult male throat coloration for the identification of species within the A. lionotus complex. Herein we also highlight female dorsal color pattern, which is a key character for distinguishing the new species from others in the group, including the similar A. hulbertorum. As in A. lionotus, displaying adult males have an orange to yellow head, a vertebral stripe, a bluish body coloration and an annulated white/blue tail. But the most diagnostic character is the coloration of females and non-displaying males, which exhibit a series of regular pairs of dark spots along the vertebrae as far posterior as the tail base. In addition, females have a pair of elongated orange or yellow marks on the shoulders and another on the dorsolateral margins of the abdomen. This study shows that more cryptic species in the Agama lionotus complex may still await discovery. The new species was found inhabiting dark desert lava rocks but should additionally be present in suitably similar sites in the northern frontier area. This underscores the need to re-examine populations of Agama lionotus from different microhabitats in this country.

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23

Ali, Jason R., and Uwe Fritz. "Origins of Galápagos’ land-locked vertebrates: what, whence, when, how?" Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 134, no. 2 (August 18, 2021): 261–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab085.

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Abstract Based on a synthesis of new molecular phylogenetic data, a detailed review is presented for the origins of the Galápagos’ native land-locked vertebrates [42 species; 11 clades: geckos (3), lava lizards (2), giant tortoises (1), iguanas (1), racer snakes (1) and oryzomyine rodents (3)]. Nine groups have roots in coastal Ecuador and Peru and would have been transported to the archipelago on rafts, many on the Humboldt Current. Inferring the sources of the giant tortoises, which probably floated over unaided, and the iguanas is more challenging because their closest living relatives occupy ground remote from the Pacific. Acknowledging uncertainties with the age-dating of both the phylogenetic tree nodes and the landmass emergences, seven, probably eight, of the colonizations likely involved beachings on the modern-day islands within the last 4 Myr. Three, possibly four, of the earlier arrivals may have been on now-submerged landmasses that were created by the Galápagos volcanic hotspot. Alternatively, the true sister taxa of the Galápagos species could be extinct and these colonizations, too, are more recent. This is likely for the giant tortoises. The assembled data set hints at the oldest/youngest clades showing the highest/lowest levels of diversification, although other factors also exert an influence.

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24

Heleno, Ruben H., Jens M. Olesen, Manuel Nogales, Pablo Vargas, and Anna Traveset. "Seed dispersal networks in the Galápagos and the consequences of alien plant invasions." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1750 (January 7, 2013): 20122112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2112.

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Alien plants are a growing threat to the Galápagos unique biota. We evaluated the impact of alien plants on eight seed dispersal networks from two islands of the archipelago. Nearly 10 000 intact seeds from 58 species were recovered from the droppings of 18 bird and reptile dispersers. The most dispersed invaders were Lantana camara , Rubus niveus and Psidium guajava , the latter two likely benefiting from an asynchronous fruit production with most native plants, which facilitate their consumption and spread. Lava lizards dispersed the seeds of 27 species, being the most important dispersers, followed by small ground finch, two mockingbirds, the giant tortoise and two insectivorous birds. Most animals dispersed alien seeds, but these formed a relatively small proportion of the interactions. Nevertheless, the integration of aliens was higher in the island that has been invaded for longest, suggesting a time-lag between alien plant introductions and their impacts on seed dispersal networks. Alien plants become more specialized with advancing invasion, favouring more simplified plant and disperser communities. However, only habitat type significantly affected the overall network structure. Alien plants were dispersed via two pathways: dry-fruited plants were preferentially dispersed by finches, while fleshy fruited species were mostly dispersed by other birds and reptiles.

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25

Robert, Belema, Nioking Amadi, Chidinma Charity Amuzie, and Adaobi Patricia Ugbomeh. "Endo-Helminth Fauna of the Rainbow Lizard (Agama Agama)." Journal La Lifesci 1, no. 5 (December 26, 2020): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallalifesci.v1i5.244.

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This parasitological study was carried out between February and May 2019 to determine the prevalence and intensity of helminthiasis in the rainbow lizard (Agama agama) in Okrika, Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and fifty-one (151) specimens made up of 93 males and 75 females were caught by a local netting system during the day and anaesthesized with chloroform. Samples were collected from two stations (Ogoloma-Ama and Oba-Ama). After dissection, the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, rectum, liver, lungs, urinary bladder, heart and body cavity were searched for helminths using conventional methods. Five species of helminths belonging to Nematoda - Strongyluris brevicaudata, Parapharyngodon awokoyai, encysted Ascaridida larva, Cestoda - Oochoristica sp. and Trematoda - Mesocoelium spp - were recovered from infected lizards. Helminths infected one hundred and twenty-three (123) (82%) of the lizards. In Oba-Ama, forty-five (45) (76.3%) out of 59 and in Ogoloma-Ama, seventy-eight (78) (84.8%) out of 92 were infected with helminths. By abundance, in both locations, the males were more infected than their female counterparts with a prevalence of 51(93%) and 72(75%) (P<0.05), respectively. This study has revealed the helminth parasites infecting the agamid lizard of Rivers State, Nigeria. It has also shown some unidentified species of Mesocoelium and Oochoristica sp. Additionally the trapping system used was also found to be effective and efficient.

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26

Jones, HI. "Gastrointestinal Nematodes in the Lizard Genera Tiliqua and Cyclodomorphus (Scincidae) in Western-Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 40, no. 2 (1992): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920115.

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Nine species of nematode were recovered from the gastrointestinal tract of 82 lizards in the genus Tiliqua and 41 lizards in the genus Cyclodomorphus (Scincidae) in Western Australia. Parapharyngodon fitzroyi, sp. nov. possesses lateral alae in males and a prominent postanal cone bearing two very small papillae. There is no sclerotised V-shaped accessory piece, and the spicular pouch opens immediately posterior to the anus. The female's tail is rounded with a small slightly posteriorly-directed terminal spike. This nematode possesses some characteristics of Thelandros, and it is suggested that the taxonomic criteria differentiating these two genera have yet to be clarified. P. fitzroyi occurred at low prevalence and generally low intensity in Tiliqua multifasciata and Cyclodomorphus branchialis in the centre and north of the State. Thelandros trachysauri exhibited morphological variability, with two spicule lengths in males, and a wide range in tail lengths in the female. This species predominated at high intensity in Tiliqua rugosa in the south ana west, and Pharyngodon tiliquae occurred at high intensity and prevalence in Tiliqua occipitalis.,Tiliqua multifasciata and Cyclodomorphus branchialis throughout the State. Despite extensive sympatry between two pairs of these oxyurid species, and a limited area of sympatry between all three, these nematodes did not occur concurrently in the same individual to any significant extent. Abbreviata antarctica occurred at high prevalence and intensity in T. occipitalis in the south and west of the State. Encysted physalopterid larvae were only seen in the stomachs of T. multifasciata, in central and northern areas. Other species recorded were Abbreviata tumidocapitis (larva only), Kreisiella lesueurii, Pseudorictularia disparilis, Physalopteroides filicauda and Maxvachonia brygooi. Differences in the nematode communities in these four lizard species can be related to host diet, geographical range of host and of nematode (possible environmental constraints on the free-living stages), and perhaps inherent insusceptibility to infection.

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27

Stone, Paul A., Howard L. Snell, and Heidi M. Snell. "Behavioral Diversity as Biological Diversity: Introduced Cats and Lava Lizard Wariness." Conservation Biology 8, no. 2 (June 1994): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1994.08020569.x.

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28

Rai, Santosh, Deepak Madi, Shivanand Pai, and Shrikala Baliga. "Unusual Larva in the CSF and Unique MRI Findings in a Case of Eosinophilic Meningitis." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 4 (December 31, 2014): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2156-7514.148303.

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Eosinophilic meningitis may be caused by non-infectious and infectious agents. Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the commonest causative agent of eosinophilic meningitis. Rats are the primary hosts of this parasite. Humans get infected by ingestion of raw or inadequately cooked hosts (snails or monitor lizard) or food contaminated with the infective third-stage larvae. A 16-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with history of fever, headache, and altered sensorium. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed unique findings. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination showed eosinophilia and the CSF wet mount identified a larva. Patient history revealed ingestion of monitor lizard 2 weeks prior to onset of symptoms. Hence, a diagnosis of eosinophilic meningitis caused by A. cantonensis was made. He was treated with oral albendazole and steroids, resulting in gradual improvement. A. cantonensis as a cause of eosinophilic meningitis is a possibility in patients who present with headache and vomiting after eating raw meat (monitor lizard). To the best of our knowledge, this is a very rare case being reported from India where the larva was identified during the microscopic examination of the CSF.

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29

Coelho, Felipe Eduardo Alves, Andre Carreira Bruinjé, and Gabriel C. Costa. "Ethogram With the Description of a New Behavioral Display for the Striped Lava Lizard, Tropidurus semitaeniatus." South American Journal of Herpetology 13, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2994/sajh-d-17-00101.1.

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30

Do Nascimento, J. M., J. A. De Araújo-Filho, N. K. S. Sampaio, S. V. Brito, and W. O. Almeida. "Description of the egg and larva of Raillietiella mottae (Pentastomida: Raillietiellidae)." Helminthologia 57, no. 3 (August 5, 2020): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0028.

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SummaryIn the current study, the structural characteristics of the egg and larva of the pentastomid Raillietiella mottae (Almeida, Freire, & Lopes 2008), are described and compared with those of other pentastomids. The eggs and larvae were obtained from lizards Phyllopezus periosus (Rodrigues 1986) and Phyllopezus pollicaris (Spix 1825) which were collected in the environmental protection area of Cachoeira de Missão Velha, Ceará state, northeastern Brazil (7° 13’ S; 39° 08’ W). Following collection, the specimens were transported to the Laboratorio de Zoologia (LZ-URCA) and deposited in terrariums to obtain the feces, which were collected and analyzed for the presence of pentastomid eggs. The eggs found were typical of the genus Raillietiella, differing from those of other genera due to the lack of an outer fl exible membrane. The larva had two pairs of limbs, each with a pair of terminal hooks. The limbs were unsegmented, ventrally curved, and supported by conical muscle structures with visible segmentation. The tail was bifurcate, and each section had a terminal bristle. Information on egg and larval morphology can be useful in the identification of genera and species. The current study provides a description of the eggs and embryos of a Pentastomida species from the Neotropical Region.

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31

Hardwick, Kayla M., Jeanne M. Robertson, and Erica Bree Rosenblum. "Asymmetrical mate preference in recently adapted White Sands and black lava populations of Sceloporus undulatus." Current Zoology 59, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/59.1.20.

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Abstract Speciation can proceed rapidly when natural and sexual selection act in concert. For example speciation can be accelerated when traits that confer a selective advantage in a particular habitat also influence mate preference. Studying parallel but evolutionarily independent instances of ecological divergence can illuminate the interaction between natural and sexual selection during speciation. Locally adapted populations of the eastern fence lizard Sceloporus undulatus have recently evolved in three different habitats in the Chihuahuan desert: blanched color morphs occur on the gypsum dunes of White Sands, melanic color morphs occur on the Carrizozo lava flow, and brown color morphs occur in the surrounding desert scrubland. In addition to differences in cryptic dorsal coloration, populations also differ in the size and color of ventral patches used for social signaling. This system therefore provides an opportunity to investigate the interplay of natural and sexual selection during rapid ecological speci-ation. We used mate preference experiments to determine whether locally adapted populations may exhibit the early stages of behavioral reproductive isolation. We observed an asymmetrical mate preference in this system; White Sands males preferentially courted local females, while males from dark soils and black lava populations did not exhibit a preference for local mates. We also found that female behavior and ventral patch phenotype were associated with male courtship. Our results suggest that the observed preference for local mates evolved at White Sands, and we discuss the possible link between local adaptation and traits involved in mate preference in this system.

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32

Ortiz, M. A., J. M. Boretto, C. Piantoni, B. B. Álvarez, and N. R. Ibargüengoytía. "Reproductive biology of the Amazon Lava Lizard (Tropidurus torquatus) from the Wet Chaco of Corrientes (Argentina): congeneric comparisons of ecotypic and interspecific variations." Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 7 (July 2014): 643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0002.

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Herein we describe the reproductive biology of a population of the Amazon Lava Lizard (Tropidurus torquatus (Wied-Neuwied, 1820)) from Corrientes, northeastern Argentina (Wet Chaco). We describe the male and female reproductive cycles, minimum body size for adults, reproductive output, mean relative clutch mass, fat body cycles, and sexual dimorphism. Our results were compared with data on the reproductive biology of Brazilian populations of T. torquatus and congeneric species. In Corrientes, males of T. torquatus exhibited a continuous reproductive cycle, but with annual variation of testicular parameters associated with spermatogenic activity. In contrast, females were reproductive only from winter to summer (July–February), laying at least two clutches each of six eggs, on average, per reproductive season. The relative clutch mass and egg size values in Corrientes were the highest reported for the species. The annual cycle of energy storage (as fat bodies) was inversely correlated with reproductive activity in both sexes. Males differed from females in snout–vent length, head size, interlimb length, and tail length. We observed interpopulational differences in relative clutch mass, egg volume and mass, incubation period and hatching time, and the minimum body size for sexual maturity probably as a result of phenotypic plasticity or adaptation to local environmental conditions and likely both.

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Владимировна Шалаева, Татьяна. "Anthroponimical Motivation in Animal Names (on the material of Slavic Linguistic Atlas); original title: Антропонимическая мотивация в названиях животных (на материале «Общеславянского лингвистического атласа») [Antroponimčeskaja motivacija v nazvanijax." Slovene Linguistic Studies 15 (November 7, 2023): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/15.1.02.

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The materials of Slavic Linguistic Atlas lexical and word-formation series enable to research not only the vocabulary of the Slavic languages and their semantic and word-formation phenomena but also motivational models of nomination. Their consideration in the frames of one thematic group with the usage of linguistic geography methods enables to make conclusions on the inner form of some words whose origin is disputable. For instance, the first volume of the atlas Animal World includes significant number of animal names derived from human names. Their analysis has resulted in some etymological versions concerning the Slovene word martȋnček ‘lizard’ and Ukrainian ра́влик, ла́врик ‘snail’. The first one, as well as Chroat. martinak, martinčec ‘cliff lizard’, is offered to derive from cognate names of insects and worms who live in grape vines and bunches: cf. Slov. martȋnec ‘grape worm’, martinec ‘caterpillar of grape tortrix’, martíncelj ‘grape vine worm’, хорв. martinac ‘grape tortrix’. They in their turn may be the derivatives of the name Martin as it is known that on St. Martin’s Day (November 11) viticulturists and vintners are celebrated. So we can make a careful assumption that the fauna representatives were named after him. As for the relation of the meanings ‘worm’, ‘insect (its larva)’ and ‘lizard’, it is proved by language material. Namely, Slavic Linguistic Atlas includes numerous examples of the meanings ‘lizard’ and ‘worm’ combination in one word. Concerning Ukr. ра́влик, ла́врик ‘snail’, arguments for the relation with the name Лавр are given. In particular, there is a regular coincidence of snail and ladybird names: cf. ‘ladybird’ – (petr)-ik-ъ (Belarus.), (ivan)-ьč-ik-ъ, (van)-ьk-a (Rus.), (lavrjen)-ъk-ъ (Pol.); ‘snail’ – (petr)-ik-ъ (Ukr.), (ivan)-ьč-ik-ъ (Ukr., Rus.), (ivan)- ьk-a (Ukr.), (lavr)-ik-ъ (Ukr.). Moreover, these lexical groups are united by the names of cattle: cf. ‘snail’ – korv-uš-ьk-a, vol-ik-ъ (Rus.), vȏlek (Slov.), elen-ь (Rus.); ‘ladybird’ – korv-uš-ьk-a, bož-ьj-A korv-uš-ьk-a, bog-ov-A korv-uš-ьk-a (Rus.), bož-ьj-Ь vol-ik-ъ, bož-ьj-Ь vol-ьk-ъ (Slov.), elenь, elen-ъk-a (Ukr.). So we can suppose that the names with the stems korv-, vol- and elen-, common for snail and lizard, resulted in the further convergence of their nominations and in the shift of ladybird names related to the anthroponyms Петр, Иван and Лавр (Лаврентий) towards snail.

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Bırlık, S., H. S. Yildirimhan, N. Sümer, Y. Kumlutaş, Ç. Ilgaz, S. H. Durmuş, Ö. Güçlü, and K. Candan. "Helminth fauna of Lebanon Lizard, Phoenicolacerta laevis (Gray, 1838), (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Southern Turkey." Helminthologia 53, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2016-0016.

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SummaryIn the years 2010 and 2014, fifty-four samples ofPhoenicolacerta laevisfrom eight localities in Adana (n=6) and Hatay (n=48) were collected and examined for helminth parasites. New host and locality records were recorded. As a results of present study, three species of Digenea,Sonsinotrema tacapense, Prosthodendrium chilostomum, Brachylaimasp. (metacercaria); two species of Cestoda,Oochoristica tuberculataandMesocestoides sp. and four species of Nematoda,Skrjabinodon medinae, Spauligodon sp.,Thubunaea sp. and a larva of the AscaridiidaeAscarididaegen.sp. were reported for lizard samples. We document new host records for all of helminth species reported here.Sonsionotrema tacapense(Digenea), andThubunaea sp. (Nematoda) are recorded for the first time from Turkey. There are, to our knowledge, no reports of helminths forP. laevisin Turkey and also from its range.

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Adeyekun, A. L. "Flora and fauna of mosquito breeding sites in Akoko South West Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria." Tropical Freshwater Biology 30, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tfb.v30i1.3.

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This research was carried out between January and July 2021 in Akoko South West Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Three sites in each of the eight towns of the Local Government Area were visited and sampled to determine and evaluate the relationship between mosquito species and biotic factors in the mosquito breeding environment. At each site mosquito larvae were collected and flora and fauna at each site were identified. The flora identified included grasses, green Algae, Pride of Barbados and others, while the fauna identified included Damsel flies, Dragon flies, Tadpoles, Midges, Lizard. The Damsel flies, Dragon flies and Tadpoles dominate the fauna distribution chart while Green Algae has the highest percentage of the flora distribution chart followed by grasses and pride of Barbados with the least percentage. The correlation coefficient indicated a positive relationship between larva density and flora while larva density and fauna showed some negative relationship. Adequate understanding of vector ecology is needed to control mosquito particularly in deploying environmental modification around host settlements. This understanding will better serve over deployment of chemicals into such sites that may affect non-targeted organisms.

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Villavicencio, Héctor, Juan Acosta, María Cánovas, and José Marinero. "Thermal ecology of a population of the lizard, Liolaemus pseudoanomalus in western Argentina." Amphibia-Reptilia 28, no. 1 (2007): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853807779799027.

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AbstractThe thermal ecology of the lizard Liolaemus pseudoanomalus was studied at La Laja, Albardón Department, San Juan Province, Argentina. Data were collected every 10 days from August 2000 to August 2001 by randomly revisiting bushes and low flagstones across the study site. Each individual was captured by hand, and the cloacal (Tb), substrate (Ts) and air (Ts) temperatures were measured (to nearest 0.1°C) with a rapid reading Miller-Weber thermometer. Tb was not influenced by season, sex or age group. There was a significant positive linear association between Tb/Ta and Tb/Ts. Tb and SVL were not correlated. The average field temperature of the study species was similar to other Liolaemus in the same geographic province. It is concluded that the thermal strategy of the species was heliothermy and thigmothermy.

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McVicar, Molly, Isabella Rivera, Jeremiah B. Reyes, and Monika Gulia-Nuss. "Ecology of Ixodes pacificus Ticks and Associated Pathogens in the Western United States." Pathogens 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010089.

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Lyme disease is the most important vector-borne disease in the United States and is increasing in incidence and geographic range. In the Pacific west, the western black-legged tick, Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls, 1943 is an important vector of the causative agent of Lyme disease, the spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Ixodes pacificus life cycle is expected to be more than a year long, and all three stages (larva, nymph, and adult) overlap in spring. The optimal habitat consists of forest cover, cooler temperatures, and annual precipitation in the range of 200–500 mm. Therefore, the coastal areas of California, Oregon, and Washington are well suited for these ticks. Immature stages commonly parasitize Western fence lizards (Sceloporus occidentalis) and gray squirrels (Sciurus griseus), while adults often feed on deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and black-tailed deer (Odocoileus h. columbianus). Ixodes pacificus carry several pathogens of human significance, such as Borrelia burgdorferi, Bartonella, and Rickettsiales. These pathogens are maintained in the environment by many hosts, including small mammals, birds, livestock, and domestic animals. Although a great deal of work has been carried out on Ixodes ticks and the pathogens they transmit, understanding I. pacificus ecology outside California still lags. Additionally, the dynamic vector–host–pathogen system means that new factors will continue to arise and shift the epidemiological patterns within specific areas. Here, we review the ecology of I. pacificus and the pathogens this tick is known to carry to identify gaps in our knowledge.

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PINCHEIRA-DONOSO, DANIEL, J. ALEJANDRO SCOLARO, and JAMES A. SCHULTE II. "The limits of polymorphism in Liolaemus rothi: Molecular and phenotypic evidence for a new species of the Liolaemus boulengeri clade (Iguanidae, Liolaemini) from boreal Patagonia of Chile." Zootaxa 1452, no. 1 (April 19, 2007): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1452.1.2.

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Studies conducted over the last few years in Andean boreal Patagonia along the border of Argentina and Chile (36°50’S–37°53’S) have shown that its reptile diversity is comprised of several endemic lizards. Increasing research has led to recognize a number of cryptic iguanian species from previously named taxa. In this area is common the only known Chilean population of the Patagonian Liolaemus rothi, considered as a polymorphic species with wide geographical distribution. In this paper, we provide evidence to support the hypothesis that such population represents a new taxon, herein described as Liolaemus hermannunezi. This new species occurs in the southeastern areas of Laguna del Laja, in the Los Barros and Río de Los Pinos basins of Antuco Volcano (1428–1521 m) in the Bio Bio Region. Liolaemus hermannunezi is closely related to L. rothi, from which is significantly differentiated by molecular variables. In addition, this new species appears to be related to L. loboi and L. sagei, from which differs in having a smaller body size, a distinctive colour pattern and an isolated geographical distribution. Liolaemus hermannunezi is known from the boreal Patagonia of Chile, whereas L. loboi, L. rothi, and L. sagei are endemic to Argentinean Patagonia. The new species is a member of the boulengeri clade, diagnosed by the presence of a patch of abruptly enlarged scales on the posterior medial surface of the thigh, a character that is more conspicuous in adult males. Finally, a phylogenetic hypothesis for 67 Liolaemini taxa based on DNA sequences is presented

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Almeida, Claudio Aguiar. "Documentário e o Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial: o antimilitarismo e o anticomunismo como matrizes sensíveis." Significação: Revista de Cultura Audiovisual 42, no. 44 (December 18, 2015): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-7114.sig.2015.107109.

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<p><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ElectraLTStd';">O texto resenha o livro </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ElectraLTStd'; font-style: italic;">Documentário e o Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ElectraLTStd';">de Cássio dos Santos Tomain, debatendo as estratégias de representação mobi- lizadas pelos </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ElectraLTStd';">filmes </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ElectraLTStd'; font-style: italic;">Rádio Auriverde </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ElectraLTStd';">(Sylvio Back, 1991), </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ElectraLTStd'; font-style: italic;">Senta a pua! </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ElectraLTStd';">(Erick de Castro, 1999), </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ElectraLTStd'; font-style: italic;">A cobra fumou </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ElectraLTStd';">(Viní- cius Reis, 2002) e </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ElectraLTStd'; font-style: italic;">O Lapa Azul </span><span style="font-size: 10.000000pt; font-family: 'ElectraLTStd';">(Durval Jr, 2007). </span></p>

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Halychuk, Oksana, and Oksana Zayachuk. "Ternoshory track as a promising object of tourism of Kosiv district of Ivano-Frankivsk oblast." Науковий вісник Чернівецького університету : збірник наукових праць, no. 826 (November 27, 2020): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/geo.2020.826.89-93.

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The main advantages of the Ternoshory tract as a promising object of a tourist destination are revealed. Own development of a ring tourist route is offered. Introduction. Tourism is one of the most promising sectors of the economy of Kosiv district. Many natural monuments are compactly located in a small area of the district, which is combined with historical, cultural and architectural monuments, are an excellent base for most types of tourism. One of such objects is the Ternoshory tract. It is a forest reserve of local significance, famous for its bizarre stones. Unfortunately, this tourist attraction is not as popular as the Pysanyi kamin or the Sokil`s`kyi khrebet. Presenting main material. Ternoshorsk rock sanctuary is located on the territory of the forest reserve. It is the object of attraction for tourists. The whole Ternoshorsk rock complex has the shape of a quadrangle. Conventionally, all the accumulation of rocks can be divided into three levels. These rocks has great historical significance. Particular attention should be paid to the Ternoshorsky idol or goddess Lada. The stone image of the goddess Lada is 10.4 m high. Perhaps it is the largest among the known and well-preserved statues of the Woman, a reduced copy (1: 100) which is known from Trypillia. There are also other artifacts that are inherent in the sanctuaries (an eight-meter circleis, a stone in the form of a foot, a cave, a tunnel, zoomo phic stones in the form of a lizard's head, a bull, a dog, aneagle, etc). Studies conducted at the Ternoshorsky sanctuary, confirm the calendar and astronomical purpose of the monument) Also here are found several "lines of Power", where are so-called "cupbearers", which were used by pagan priests to offer sun deities. Given the high attractiveness unfortunately, the tract is not popular among tourists, as the object needs more promotion. That is why we have developed a pedestrian circular route. The length of the circular route is 12 km, the duration of the transition is 5 hours. This route is suitable for different age categories, does not involve great difficulties, does not require special training and equipment. The development of tourism is of great importance for the settlements of Yavorov and Snidavka. Many locals have moved to live in the plains of the village, where the best prospects. Older people, very few young people, low birth rate and high unemployment remained here. The development of tourism could stop such a sad trend, increase material well-being and partially solve the problems of rural employment and give impetus to the revival of the village. Conclusions. Ternoshory tract belongs to the objects of the nature reserve fund of the district. Due to its uniqueness and mystique, the rocky cliffs of the tract will be able to attract a large number of tourists, but the object needs more promotion. Therefore, we believe that the developed one-day circular walking route, due to different categories of travelers, because it does not require special training and equipment, will promote this object and open it for those who want to learn more about the Kosiv region.

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Capobianco, Christian M., Emma A. Clarke, Juan Pablo Munoz-Perez, Daniela Alarcon Ruales, Andrea Loyola, Stuart T. Ayala, Alice L. Skehel, Kimberly E. Guzman, Carlos A. Valle, and Gregory A. Lewbart. "Hematology and Biochemistry of the Española Lava Lizard (Microlophus delanonis)." Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery, August 2, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/jhms-d-23-00002.

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This paper presents novel baseline health parameters on the Española lava lizard (Microlophus delanonis). Blood samples and morphological measurements were taken on 51 lizards (21 males, 30 females) captured from three locations on the island of Española. Morphologic parameters measured included body weight, snout-vent length, and temperature. Blood samples were analyzed approximately eight hours after collection using a portable blood analyzer (i-STAT) which measured hemoglobin, total CO2, glucose, lactate, sodium, potassium, and ionized calcium. Hematologic characterization data were obtained using standard laboratory techniques. There were significant differences found in snout-vent length, weight, heart rate, respiratory rate, total CO2, and heterophil percentage between males and females. The data presented here can be used to monitor the health of this population of lava lizards as well as help to understand the health of a related species, the San Cristóbal lava lizard (Microlophus bivittatus), which faces different evolutionary pressures including the presence of humans and feral cats. This study continues to widen our understanding of the Microlophus genus; however, further research should be done to characterize the remaining species that inhabit the islands in the Galápagos archipelago.

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Crespo-Pérez, Verónica. "CANNIBALISM IN A SANTA CRUZ LAVA LIZARD, Microlophus indefatigabilis (Tropiduridae), IN THE GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS." Revista Latinoamericana de Herpetología 6, no. 4 (November 28, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fc.25942158e.2023.4.815.

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In this note, I describe the observation of an adult male of Microlophus indefatigabilis (Santa Cruz Lava Lizard) feeding on a juvenile of the same species. This observation adds to seven previous reports of cannibalism in this species, a behavior that is relatively widely distributed among Microlophus lizards.

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Freitas, Letícia Menezes, Juliana Flávia Ferreira e. Silva Paranaíba, and Fabiano Campos Lima. "Macro- and microscopic brain anatomy of the amazon lava lizard (Tropidurus torquatus) (WIED, 1820)." Ciência Animal Brasileira 24 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v24e-74091e.

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Abstract Reptiles have a key role in understanding amniotes’ reproductive independence of water. Many adaptations arose, including in locomotor patterns and behaviours, and the nervous system adapted to those new habits. We have described the macroscopic anatomy and cytoarchitecture of the Amazon Lava Lizard brain (Tropidurus torquatus), an abundant lizard in South America. Fifteen specimens were captured, euthanized and their brains were dissected, eight of these were processed and stained in haematoxylin-eosin. Their main areas of the brain are the telencephalon and diencephalon, in the forebrain, tectum and tegmentum, in the midbrain and medulla oblongata and cerebellum, in the hindbrain. The main and accessory olfactory bulbs are the most rostral structure of the brain and are composed of six layers. Brain hemispheres compose the telencephalon and are divided in pallium and subpallium. Medial, dorsomedial, lateral and dorsal cortices are part of the pallium. Striatum, pallidum and septum compose the subpallium. The diencephalon is composed of thalamus, epithalamus and hypothalamus. The midbrain has a ventral tegmentum, composed of torus semicircularis and a dorsal 14 layered optic tectum. Most part of the hindbrain is composed of the medulla oblongata, and the cerebellum arises from it, forming a three-layered plate like structure. In general, the brain of Tropidurus torquatus resembles those of other lizards, with its own adaptations.

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Mancero, Emilio J., Carlos A. Valle, John W. Rowe, Jennifer A. Moore, and David L. Clark. "Sexual Selection in San Cristóbal Lava Lizards (Microlophus bivittatus): A Test of Male Body Size Using Lizard Robots." Herpetologica 78, no. 2 (May 17, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-20-00058.

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Clark, David L., Joseph M. Macedonia, John W. Rowe, Michaela R. Austin, Isabella M. Centurione, and Carlos A. Valle. "Galápagos lava lizards (Microlophus bivittatus) respond dynamically to displays from interactive conspecific robots." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 73, no. 10 (September 5, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-019-2732-6.

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Härer, Andreas, Alexander A. Mauro, Telma G. Laurentino, Erica B. Rosenblum, and Diana J. Rennison. "Gut microbiota parallelism and divergence associated with colonisation of novel habitats." Molecular Ecology, September 16, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.17135.

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AbstractAn organism's gut microbiota can change in response to novel environmental conditions, in particular when colonisation of new habitats is accompanied by shifts in the host species' ecology. Here, we investigated the gut microbiota of three lizard species (A. inornata, H. maculata and S. cowlesi) from their ancestral‐like habitat in the Chihuahuan desert and two colonised habitats with contrasting geological and ecological compositions: the White Sands and Carrizozo lava flow. The host species and the lizards' environment both shape gut microbiota composition, but host effects were overall stronger. Further, we found evidence that colonisation of the same environment by independent host species led to parallel changes of the gut microbiota, whereas the colonisation of two distinct environments by the same host species led to gut microbiota divergence. Some of the gut microbiota changes that accompanied the colonisation of the White Sands were associated with shifts in diet (based on diet information from previous studies), which is congruent with the general observation that trophic ecology has a strong effect on gut microbiota composition. Our study provides insights into how shifts in host ecology accompanying colonisation of novel environments can affect gut microbiota composition and diversity.

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Clark, David L., Joseph M. Macedonia, Emma E. Neyer, Angela M. E. Mish, John W. Rowe, and Carlos A. Valle. "Display Responses of Galápagos Lava Lizards ( Microlophus bivittatus) to Manipulation of Male Shoulder Epaulets on Conspecific-Mimicking Robots." Herpetologica 79, no. 1 (March 8, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-22-00026.

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Macedonia, Joseph M., David L. Clark, Morgan R. Fonley, John W. Rowe, Emma E. Neyer, Emilio J. Mancero, and Carlos A. Valle. "They Might be Giants: Divergence in Display Structure between Two Island Populations of Galápagos Lava Lizards (Microlophus bivittatus)." Herpetologica 79, no. 4 (December 29, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-23-00011.

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Freitas, Letícia Menezes, Juliana Flávia Ferreira e. Silva Paranaíba, and Fabiano Campos Lima. "Anatomia macro- e microscópica do encéfalo do calango (Tropidurus torquatus) (WIED, 1820)." Ciência Animal Brasileira 24 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v24e-74091p.

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Resumo Os répteis têm um papel fundamental para a compreensão da independência reprodutiva da água que surgiu nos amniotas. Várias adaptações ocorreram, inclusive em padrões e comportamentos locomotores, e o sistema nervoso se adaptou a esses novos hábitos. Descrevemos a anatomia macroscópica e a citoarquitetura do encéfalo do calango (Tropidurus torquatus), um lagarto abundante na América do Sul. Quinze espécimes foram capturados, eutanasiados e seus encéfalos dissecados, oito destes foram processados e corados em hematoxilina-eosina. As principais áreas do cérebro são o telencéfalo e o diencéfalo, na parte anterior do encéfalo, teto e tegmento, no mesencéfalo e bulbo e cerebelo, na parte posterior do encéfalo. Os bulbos olfatórios principais e acessórios são as estruturas mais rostrais do cérebro e são compostos por seis camadas. Os hemisférios cerebrais compõem o telencéfalo e são divididos em pálio e subpálio. Os córtices medial, dorsomedial, lateral e dorsal fazem parte do pálio. Estriado, pálido e septo compõem o subpálio. O diencéfalo é composto pelo tálamo, epitálamo e hipotálamo. O mesencéfalo possui um tegmento ventral, composto de torus semicircularis e um tecto óptico dorsal com 14 camadas. A maior parte da parte posterior do encéfalo é composta pelo bulbo, e o cerebelo surge como uma projeção dessa estrutura, em formato plano, com três camadas. Em geral, o encéfalo de Tropidurus torquatus se assemelha ao de outros lagartos, com suas próprias adaptações.

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Campos, I. H. M. P., C. N. Oliveira, J. V. Araújo-Neto, S. V. Brito, M. C. Guarnieri, and S. C. Ribeiro. "Helminth fauna of Norops fuscoauratus (D’Orbigny, 1837) (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in the Atlantic Forest, northeastern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 82 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.241819.

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Abstract The composition of macro endoparasites associated with the lizard Norops fuscoauratus (Squamata) was analysed in two localities in the Atlantic Forest on the northeast of Brazil between December 2012 and July 2015. 74 specimens of N. fuscoauratus were examined and five species of helminths were reported, being: (a) for the population of Pernambuco: Cystacanth (Prevalence=37.5%), Physaloptera retusa Rudolphi, 1819 (Prevalence=4.16%), larva of flatworm (Prevalence=2.08%), Rhabdias sp. (Prevalence=2.08%) and Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 (Prevalence=2.08%), and (b) of Alagoas: S. oscari (Prevalence=17.85%) and Rhabdias sp. (Prevalence=3.57%). The differences in the composition of endoparasites in the two populations are attributed to individualities of environments occupied by the lizards. The collection period does not influence the abundance of parasites, but when associated with sex, there was a positive correlation with the abundance of helminths, with more females than males being infected with parasites in the rainy season.

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