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Van, Nguyen Thi Anh. "ECONOMIC LAW REFORM IN VIETNAM : BEFORE AND AFTER WTO ACCESSION." Center for Asian Legal Exchange (CALE), Nagoya University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20342.
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Van, Nguyen Thi Anh. "An Overview of Vietnam Enterprise Law." 名古屋大学大学院法学研究科, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/5970.
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Bui, Ngoc Son. "Confucianism and constitutionalism in Vietnam." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197124.
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Early twenty first century Vietnam has witnessed the emergence of constitutional discourse in line with some ideas and institutions of western liberal constitutionalism. This movement has unfortunately led the constitutional discourse to underestimation of the relevance of the local culture.
In Vietnam, Confucianism is an integral component of the national culture. It has a long tradition and has continued to influence on different aspects of the modern society in the nation. As constitutionalism must be ultimately underpinned by culture values and political tradition, the relations of Confucianism to the promotion of constitutionalism in Vietnam should be taken into account.
This account adopts a balanced approach to the relationship between Confucianism and constitutionalism. It supports the integrationist approach, which attempts to marry the best elements of Confucianism with the best elements of western constitutionalism to produce a distinctive form of constitutionalism suitable to the local context. However, to carry out the integrationist project, it is important to determine what can be integrated, and to do this, the integrationist approach must be combined and balanced with the indigenist and critical approaches. On the side of Confucianism, it is necessary to identify constitutionalist elements, and this requires us to, from an indigenist perspective, discover constitutionalist values in the Confucian tradition. On the side of western constitutionalism, it is necessary to, from a critical view, identify its disadvantages and advantages so as to select the most suitable elements for the integrationist project.
General speaking, this study defends the thesis of the positive relationship of Confucianism to constitutionalism with particular reference to the case of Vietnam. The study firstly systematically discovers classical philosophical foundations of Confucian constitutionalism. It then examines the practice of Confucian constitutionalism in imperial Vietnam. Subsequently, it demonstrates the antecedent projects of integration of Confucianism with Western constitutionalism in the modern history of Vietnam. Finally, the study contemplates the possibility of further integration of Confucianism and western constitutionalism in contemporary Vietnam by proposing the Constitutional Academy as a mixed model of constitutional enforcement.
This inquiry is significant in several ways. Firstly, it contributes to our better understanding of the history and development of Confucianism, constitutionalism, and their relationship in Vietnam. Secondly, it can further enhance the scholarship of the intellectual foundations and experimentations of constitutionalism in pre-modern East Asia. Finally, the findings in this study can have implications for further reflection on the global expansion of western liberal constitutionalism in non-western contexts, and the prospects of constitutionalism in an East Asian Confucian context.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Law<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Linde-Rahr, Martin. "Household economics of agriculture and forestry in rural Vietnam /." Göteborg : Dept. of Economics [Nationalekonomiska institutionen], Univ, 2002. http://www.handels.gu.se/epc/data/html/html/PDF/LindeRahrdissNEpdf.pdf.
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Tran, Kien. "The history of intellectual property law of Vietnam, 1945-1994." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6953/.
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This thesis centres on the principal question of the existence of intellectual property law between 1945 and 1994 in Vietnam, and related issues that flow therefrom. A common orthodoxy held that there was no real intellectual property law in the country until the early 1980s, and that the law has been a feature of the Vietnamese legal system only since 1981. This common belief is shared by an absolute majority of scholars, lawyers, and practitioners, both domestic and foreign, who have studied the intellectual property law of Vietnam. This thesis will seek to disprove that belief by drawing on extensive archival evidence, to reconstruct, for the first time, a unique, ignored system of laws regulating copyright, patent, and trade mark, among other kinds of intellectual property protection, in existence between 1945 and 1994. In fact, the existing system of intellectual property law was composed of two main sources. The first component part is comprised of a large corpus of colonial laws from France and a small number of indigenous provisions developed by local governments modelled after the French laws, as well as a unique and local common law practice in relation to intellectual property rights which has been recorded since the seventeenth century. This part of the system dated as far back as 1864 and lasted theoretically until 1955 within the context of a colonial and semi-feudal society. The second part, addressed in the principal part of this thesis, is the theory and practice of socialist law. This part was introduced into Vietnam as early as 1945. At first, it was a supplementation to the established, continued body of colonial laws but, subsequently, from the late 1950s, it evolved to become the principal system, replacing the old laws within the framework of socialist legality, upholding the dictatorship of the proletariat and a centrally planned economy. Since 1986, Vietnam has embarked on a radically different route to develop intellectual property law in compliance with various bilateral and international intellectual property and free trade treaties. Consequently, this socialist intellectual property law was finally displaced as of 1994, as the result of various reforms driving the country towards a market-based economy under a rule of law state.
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Okulicz, Danisz. "Essays in law and economics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667985.
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En esta tesis se investigará el rol de la información asimétrica en el mercado de los servicios legales. En particular, se estudiará cómo los agentes individuales desinformados interactúan con abogados y agentes corporativos en el sistema de justicia civil.
En el capítulo 1, se estudiará el problema clásico de negociaciones previas al juicio entre el demandante, quien está desinformado sobre el resultado del potencial juicio, y el demandado, que es capaz de predecirlo. Contribuyo a las fuentes ya existentes, proponiendo que el demandante contrate un abogado para recibir consejos no vinculantes, no verificables durante la negociación. Me parece que el resultado de la negociación depende en gran medida de si el abogado o el demandante están más dispuestos a resolver el caso mediante un juicio. Además, muestro que, aunque un contrato que alinea perfectamente los incentivos del demandante y el abogado es siempre factible, nunca es óptimo. Si el valor esperado de la compensación es alto, entonces el contrato óptimo es un salario por hora. En caso contrario, un contrato de tarifa contingente sería el indicado.
En el capítulo 2, analizo cómo influyen las inquietudes profesionales en la elección de los agentes económicos sobre los casos realizados. Por ejemplo, cómo influyen estas en la decisión de un abogado sobre escoger o no un caso. Propongo un modelo en el que un agente caracterizado por su nivel de habilidad decide si realizar una tarea de dificultad aleatoria. Comparo el funcionamiento de un agente superior y el de uno menor. El agente superior está principalmente interesado en el pago monetario, pero el agente menor, le preocupa también la opinión del mercado sobre su nivel de habilidad. El mercado observa el resultado del caso, pero no su dificultad. Demuestro que el agente menor se enfrenta a un compromiso entre aparentar éxito mediante la elección de casos fáciles y aparentar experiencia completando todos los casos que recibe. Típicamente, la segunda impresión persiste, y el agente menor realiza más tareas que un agente superior. Propongo que el pago monetario del agente se determine de forma endógena mediante contratación con un principal. Demuestro que el principal está en mejores condiciones cuando se enfrenta con un agente menor, ya que es capaz de explotar sus inquietudes profesionales y reducir el precio ofrecido.
En el capítulo 3, estudio cómo se forman las demandas por litigios colectivos, y cómo el demandado puede intervenir en el proceso. En los litigios colectivos, el resultado del juicio depende del número de litigantes. Propongo un modelo dinámico de litigio, en el que el demandado se enfrenta a la llegada de los demandantes con el tiempo. Demuestro que cuando todos demandantes deciden estratégicamente sobre la presentación de la demanda y la resolución del caso, el demandado puede evitar completamente la formación de un colectivo. Sin embargo, si algunos demandantes se unen exógenamente al colectivo y el demandado mantiene información privada sobre el alcance del daño, entonces las negociaciones previas al juicio con los demandantes estratégicos pueden fallar, y el litigio colectivo puede tener éxito. Analizo el papel de acuerdos secretos en este contexto. Demuestro que la disponibilidad de acuerdos secretos perjudica el proceso de aprendizaje de algunos demandantes y disminuye sus pagos. Además, el demandado, puede también perder en la disponibilidad de acuerdos privados.<br>In this thesis, I investigate the role of information asymmetries on the market for legal services. In particular, I study how uninformed individual agents interact with lawyers and corporate agents in the civil justice system.
In Chapter 1 I study a classical problem of pretrial negotiations between a plaintiff who is uninformed about the outcome of a potential trial and a defendant who is able to predict it. I contribute to the existing body of the literature by allowing the plaintiff to contract an attorney and receive unbinding, unverifiable advice during the negotiation. I find that the outcome of the negotiation strongly depends on whether the attorney or the plaintiff are more willing to resolve the case by a trial. Moreover, I show that even though a contract that perfectly aligns the incentives of the plaintiff and the attorney is always feasible, it is never optimal. If the expected value of the compensation is high then the optimal contract is an hourly wage. In the opposite scenario, a contingent fee contract is optimal.
In Chapter 2 I analyze how career concerns influence the economic agents' choice of performed tasks. For example, how they influence a lawyer's decision on whether to take a case. I propose a model in which an agent characterized by a skill level decides whether to perform a task of random difficulty. I compare the behavior of a senior and a junior agent. A senior agent is primary interested in the monetary pay-off, but the junior agent is also concerned with the market's belief about his skill level. The market observes the outcome of the task, but not its difficulty. I show that a junior agent faces a trade-off between appearing successful by cherry-picking only the simplest tasks and appearing experienced by performing any task received. Typically the second effect prevails and a junior agent performs more tasks than a senior agent. I allow for the monetary payoff of the agent to be endogenously determined by contracting with a principal. I show that the principal is better-off when dealing with a junior agent, since she is able to exploit his career-concerns and cut the offered price.
In Chapter 3 I study how the collective litigation suits are formed, and how the defendants can interfere in this process. In collective litigations the outcome of the trial depends on the number of litigants. I propose a dynamic model of litigation in which a defendant faces the arrival of plaintiffs over time. I show that when all plaintiffs strategically decide on filing the suit and settling the case, the defendant can completely avoid the formation of a collective. However, if some plaintiffs exogenously join the collective and the defendant holds private information about the scope of the harm then pretrial negotiations with strategic plaintiffs may fail, and the collective litigation may succeed. I analyze the role of secret settlements in this context. I show that availability of private settlements harms the learning process of some plaintiffs and diminishes their payoffs. Moreover, the defendant may also lose on the availability of private settlements.
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Givati, Yehonatan. "Essays in Law and Economics." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10782.
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Part I examines the consequences of an organizational reform in Israel that transferred the responsibility for housing arrestees from the police to the prison authority. Using the staggered introduction of the reform in different regions of the country, we show that the reform led to an increase in the number of arrests and to a decrease in the number of reported crimes, with effects concentrated in more minor crimes. The reform also led to a decrease in the quality of arrests, measured by the likelihood of indictment following an arrest. These findings are consistent with the idea that the reform externalized the cost of housing arrestees from the Police's perspective, and therefore led to an increase in police activity. Part II examines why some countries mandate a long maternity leave, while others mandate only a short one. We incorporate into a standard mandated-benefit model social tolerance of gender-based discrimination, showing that the less tolerant a society is of gender-based discrimination, the longer the maternity leave it will mandate. Relying on recent research in psychology and linguistics we collected new data on the number of gender-differentiated personal pronouns across languages to capture societies' attitudes toward gender-based discrimination. We first confirm, using within-country language variation, that our linguistic measure is correlated with attitudes toward gender-based discrimination. Then, using cross-country data on length of maternity leave we find a strong correlation between our language-based measure of attitudes and the length of maternity leave. Part III examines why plea bargaining is commonly employed in some countries, while its use is heavily restricted in others. I develop a model in which a social planner, who minimizes the social harms from punishing the innocent and not punishing the guilty, decides on the optimal scope of plea bargaining. The model shows that a lower social emphasis on ensuring that innocent individuals are not punished leads to a greater use of plea bargaining. Using new cross-country data on social preferences for punishing the innocent versus not punishing the guilty and a new coding of plea bargaining regimes, I find results that are consistent with the model's prediction.<br>Economics
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Yang, Crystal Siming. "Essays in Law and Economics." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10834.
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This dissertation consists of three papers relating to the field of Law and Economics. The first two papers examine the impact of increased judicial discretion on both racial disparities and inter-judge disparities in the federal criminal justice system. The third paper analyzes the effects of OSHA programs on workplace safety, wages, and employment. The common thread throughout this work is a focus on how legal actors and institutions affect substantive outcomes of individuals.<br>Economics
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Graham, Bradley J. "Essays in law and economics." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3303824.
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Miller, Alan Daniel McAfee R. Preston McAfee R. Preston. "Essays on law and economics /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2009. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05292009-171353.
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Solis, Gary Dean. "American military justice and the law of war : a case study of military law in Vietnam." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1322/.
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During the Vietnam War, in Son Thang hamlet, a five-man American patrol murdered sixteen Vietnamese noncombatant women and children. The crime was discovered and the five apprehended. International treaties define much of the law of war. That law requires apprehension and trial of those committing "grave breaches." The manner of their prosecution is undefined. The research question, resolved through examination of the Son Thang incident and its subsequent prosecutions, is whether the United States, through its military justice system, meets its obligations under customary law of war. The study is unique in illustrating the law of war from treaty, to application, through appeal. Also examined are jurisdictional bases, the vitality of the defense of obedience to orders, and whether a good faith effort was made to prosecute the suspects - and whether good faith translated into effective prosecutions. The case offers a unique opportunity to observe U.S. military criminal process. A grave breach was committed at Son Thang, although the victims' status, citizens of a co-belligerent, placed even that in issue. But prosecution clearly was required. Before those prosecutions are detailed, the sources and history of law of war are noted, their translation into military law traced. Application of the law of war at Nuremberg is related, as it is in Vietnam. Employing interviews and trial records, the Son Thang events are described and juxtaposed with aspects of today's law of war and U.S. military law embodied in the Uniform Code of Military Justice. In assessing that Code's effectiveness, its procedural aspects are briefly compared with civilian models. Appellate resolutions of the Son Thang cases are discussed, their results compared to similar prosecutions and sentences. Finally, recommendations are offered to improve prosecution of war crime cases in future wars and to enhance compliance with the laws of war.
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Eriksson, Annika, and Margareta Przedpelska. "The Impact of Swedish Investment and Trade on Labour Conditions in Vietnam : A Case-Study of ABB, Ericsson and IKEA in Vietnam." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1045.
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<p>This thesis examines labour conditions in Vietnam, and the impact of Swedish investments and trade on these conditions. The thesis is a qualitative investigation that includes a theoretical and an empirical part. The theories we use are international trade theory, focusing on comparative advantage and the Heckscher-Ohlin theory. We also utilise Solow’s growth model and the theory about FDI. The concept of social dumping and the effect of imposing a social clause is also discussed. We are using the ILO’s eight core conventions about minimum standards on labour conditions as a measuring instrument. Three Swedish lead multinational corporations have been chosen for the investigation, namely ABB, Ericsson and IKEA. Swedish companies currently have only small investments in Vietnam, but co-operation between the two countries have existed for a long time. Sweden is known to have good labour conditions and it is interesting to see if these are transferred through the Swedish companies. To investigate the labour situation in Vietnam, we have also conducted interviews with people working on these issues at ministries, UN organisations and representatives for trade unions.</p>
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Vu, Van Ngoc. "Reforming company law relating to directors' duties and responsibilities in Vietnam." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597095.
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Good corporate governance and the protection of investors are key elements in the development of the capital market and economy of any country. Countries must compete to attract capital both from abroad and at home for the purpose of economic development. An economy where directors are not accountable to the company and its shareholders are able to appropriate the assets of minority shareholders will clearly not be an investor's first choice of destination. The law on directors' duties, among other mechanisms, is one tool for the promotion of good corporate governance and the protection of investors. However, most studies on the law on directors' duties are based on developed jurisdictions 'with different economic, social, legal and cultural characteristics from the developing countries. This thesis seeks to present the subject from the perspective of Vietnam, a developing nation in transition from a centrally planned economy to a market based economy,. The research studied the law on directors' duties in two of the most developed countries in the world, the UK and the US, with the aim of better understanding how they have regulated this issue and what lessons can be learnt from their experiences. The research also examined the current company law relating to directors' duties and responsibilities in Vietnam and investigated the understanding of directors' duties among some of the country's directors, scholars, judges, lawyers and investors in order to evaluate the current law and its enforcement, and to gauge their opinions as to how the law on directors' duties could be improved in the future. The research answers the following questions: first, is the existing law relating to directors' duties and liabilities in Vietnam sufficient? Second, if the law is not sufficient, how can it be modified? Finally, and based partly on the answers to the first two questions what form should Vietnamese law on directors' duties and liabilities take in the future? The research found that breach of directors' duties is common in Vietnam and that the two most common abusive actions by directors (and majority shareholders of the same company as well) are (i) the issuing of the company's new shares in breach of the law and the company's charter, at the risk of compromising the interests of minority .shareholders, and (ii) disloyal acts, including exploitation of the company's corporate opportunities and involvement in self-dealing transactions. The research also established that the current law on directors' duties in Vietnam is neither suitable nor sufficient to reduce agency problems in Vietnam. The law on directors' duties is general, vague and unenforceable in practice. The thesis proposes recommendations on how the company law relating to directors' duties and responsibilities should be reformed in the future, as a driving force for the promotion of corporate governance and economic development in Vietnam.
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Nguyen, Huu Mai, and Serene Sirikhoon. "Cosmetic market in Vietnam." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-802.
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<p>Introduction: Among the Asia Pacific markets, Vietnam is the fastest growing market. However, despite the high growth, the competition in Vietnam is stiff as the main competitor as Unilever, L’Oreal, Johnson & Johnson and P&G occupy the market. Therefore, cosmetic company need effective marketing plan to cope with strong competition.</p><p>Problem Statement: “How can cosmetic companies successfully plan a marketing strategy in the Vietnamese cosmetic market for its skin care product line?”</p><p>Purpose: To study (1) Market’s environment which includes economic, legal, and culture aspects; (2) Market’s Competition which includes marketing strategy of existing cosmetic companies; and (3) Consumers’ demands which contains demographic, psychographic elements and marketing mix.</p><p>Research tools: Interview, field study and secondary data</p><p>Finding & analysis: The market environment in Vietnam in term of economic, legal and culture is favorable. The consumers demand in skin care products of the Vietnamese is increasing. However, the competition is high. Therefore, the newcomer should be competitor oriented.</p><p>Recommendation: However, there are some sections that are less competitive: (1) low price moisturizing, (2) low price acne products and (3) low-price, middle-price and high-price suncare products. The cosmetic company should design their marketing mix to serve this section.</p>
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Hoang, Bach. "Machines Are Taking Your Jobs, Not Vietnam: Regional Automation Vulnerability in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2136.
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This thesis investigates factors that explain for the variation in automation vulnerability of American metropolitan statistical areas. The rapid pace of technological innovation, exemplified by the pursuit of automated vehicles in recent years, is creating growing unease in their power to replace human employment. In certain respects, machines are much more productive and overall better workers than human beings. Decreasing cost in computer capital is also making automation investment more affordable than ever before. However, this is only part of the story. The study attempts to quantify and visualize the variation in regional technological exposure and determine whether industrial and socioeconomic characteristics can reveal an area’s vulnerability.
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Wohlschlegel, Ansgar. "The economics of corporate bankruptcy law." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96600664X.
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Lem, Jacklin Chou. "Essays in empirical law and economics/." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62398.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>This dissertation, which is a collection of three essays, uses empirical methods to study questions at the intersection of law and economics. The first chapter, co-authored with Joshua Fischman, explores how supervision by an administrative appeals court, the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), influences the exercise of discretion of lower court immigration judges in asylum cases. The second chapter studies whether career concerns influence judicial decision-making within the context of asylum adjudication in immigration courts. The final chapter investigates how expansions in the right to counsel impacted criminal defendants, with particular focus on the Supreme Court's 1963 decision in Gideon vs. Wainwright.<br>by Jacklin Chou Lem.<br>Ph.D.
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Prescott, James J. (James Jondall). "Essays in empirical law and economics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37408.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>This thesis, which consists of three essays, uses empirical methods to study questions in criminal procedure and employment antidiscrimination law. The first chapter measures the consequences for offenders of expanding constitutional criminal jury trial rights. I study the Supreme Court's landmark decision in Apprendi v. New Jersey (2000), which extended beyond-a-reasonable-doubt jury factfinding (and all the costs and complications it entails) to particular facts previously decided by judges using a preponderance-of-the-evidence standard. The limited holding of Apprendi and the calculations required by the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines allow me to compare changes in the sentence lengths of groups of offenders who were differentially affected by the decision. I find that this expansion of jury trial rights benefited criminal offenders, reducing the average sentence for those most affected by more than 5 percent. The second chapter studies the prosecutorial charging response to the Supreme Court's Apprendi decision.<br>(cont.) Using federal arrest, charging, and sentencing data to evaluate prosecutorial behavior, I find evidence that prosecutors reacted to the higher costs of factfinding by reducing the number of counts filed against affected defendants by as much as 10 percent, presumably magnifying the sentence reduction that would have occurred had prosecutors not substituted charging resources toward unaffected defendants. The third chapter, co-authored with Christine Jolls, examines the employment consequences of the American's with Disabilities Act's (ADA) two major features-the discrimination prohibition and the "reasonable accommodations" requirement. Several studies have suggested that the passage of the ADA might have reduced employment opportunities for individuals with disabilities, but which particular feature or features of the ADA, if any, caused this disemployment effect are unknown.<br>(cont.) Using state-level variation in pre-ADA legal regimes to separately estimate the employment effects of the ADA's two substantive provisions, we find strong evidence that the immediate post-enactment employment effects of the ADA are attributable to the reasonable accommodations mandate rather than the firing costs associated with the antidiscrimination provision. Moreover, the pattern of effects across states suggests, contrary to prior findings, that declining disabled employment after the immediate post-ADA period may reflect factors other than the ADA.<br>by James J. Prescott.<br>Ph.D.
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Fischman, Joshua B. "Three essays in law and economics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37411.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-80).<br>The first chapter presents a model of legal interpretation in a hierarchical court. Using a two-level court in which judges have spatial preferences over doctrine, the model examines how appeals, panels, and other structural features of the court affect the incentives of judges and promote uniform interpretation of the laws. The threat of appeal has a moderating influence on judges in the lower court. When the cost of appeal is low, this effect will be stronger, but the lower court will also have less influence on the final decision. Hence, under many conditions, overall uniformity will be maximized at an intermediate cost of review. Factors that may increase the predictability of rulings on the higher court, such as panel size, may weaken the incentives toward moderation on the lower court. The second chapter analyzes judicial decision making in three-judge appellate panels. When judges are ideological but have a preference for consensus, there will be negotiation among the three judges in an effort to reach agreement. This paper constructs a model of judicial negotiation, where judges have preferences on an ideological spectrum and disutility from disagreement.<br>(cont.) The parameters of the negotiation model and the judges' ideological inclinations are then estimated on a data set of sex discrimination cases using maximum likelihood estimation. The results find strong evidence that judges' votes are influenced by their panel colleagues, but that this influence mostly takes the form of outvoted judges joining the majority. However, judges in the minority appear to have a small but significant effect on case outcomes. The third chapter examines the impact of liability law on firms' investments in product safety when such investments take the form of fixed costs and liability does not apply equally to competing products. Using a model with one innovative good and one competitively supplied good, the paper finds that asymmetric liability deters safety innovation when the administration of the tort system is inefficient. When inefficiencies in the tort system are small, however, incentives to develop safer products may be stronger under asymmetric liability.<br>by Joshua B. Fischman.<br>Ph.D.
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Martén, Linna. "Essays on Politics, Law, and Economics." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-282782.
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Essay 1: Several countries practice a system where laymen, who lack legal education, participate in the judicial decision making. Yet, little is known about their potential influence on the court rulings. In Sweden lay judges (nämndemän) are affiliated with the political parties and appointed in proportion to political party representation in the last local elections. This paper investigates the influence of their partisan belonging when ruling in asylum appeals in the Migration Courts, where laymen are effectively randomly assigned to cases. The results show that the approval rate is affected by the policy position of the laymen's political parties. In particular, asylum appeals are more likely to be rejected when laymen from the anti-immigrant party the Swedish Democrats participate, and less likely to be rejected when laymen from the Left Party, the Christian Democrats or the Green Party participate. This indicates that asylum seekers do not receive an impartial trial, and raises concerns that laymen in the courts can compromise the legal security in general.<br>Essay 2: Although economic circumstances have been argued to be a major determining factor of attitudes to redistribution, there is little well identified evidence at the individual level. Utilizing a unique dataset, with detailed individual information, provides new and convincing evidence on the link between economic circumstances and demand for redistribution (in the form of social benefits). The Swedish National Election Studies are constructed as a rotating survey panel, which makes it possible to estimate the causal effect of economic changes. The empirical analysis shows that individuals who experience a job loss become considerably more supportive of redistribution. Yet, attitudes to redistribution return to their initial level as economic prospects improve, suggesting that the effect is only temporary. Although a job loss also changes attitudes to the political parties, the probability to vote for the left-wing is not affected.<br>Essay 3: A well-functioning labor market is characterized by job reallocations, but the individual costs can be vast. We examine if individual's ability to cope with such adjustments depends on their cognitive and non-cognitive skills (measured by the enlistment tests). Since selection into unemployment is a function of skills, we solve the endogeneity of a job loss by using the exogenous labor market shock provided by the military base closures in Sweden following the end of the Cold War. We find, first, that, on average, labor earnings decrease and unemployment and labor-related benefits increase for those affected. Second, there are heterogeneous treatment effects in terms of unemployment; the treated individuals with high non-cognitive and cognitive skills face lower unemployment effects than the treated individuals with low non-cognitive and cognitive skills.
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Dinh, Luong Minh Anh. "L'État et la propriété foncière au Vietnam." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAD001/document.
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La propriété foncière représente une question intéressante et fondamentale au Vietnam. Le rapport à la terre a été encadré de différentes manières tout au long de l’histoire de ce pays, dans les périodes tant féodale que coloniale et socialiste. Les différences au niveau de la conception ainsi que de la technique d’administration des sols à chaque époque expliquent la complexité du droit foncier vietnamien contemporain ; complexité accrue dans un contexte d’économie de marché avec l’orientation socialiste maintenue par le Parti communiste. Cette situation ambiguë renvoie à l’image d’un pays qui est prêt à mettre en place des réformes structurelles, particulièrement dans le secteur économique, sans pour autant rompre avec son idéologie socialiste. La question foncière constitue un axe majeur des problématiques actuelles, au centre desquelles réside la confusion entre la propriété publique et la propriété privée. À la suite de lois foncières et d’amendements divers, notamment après la Constitution de 2013, le droit d’usage foncier et la propriété immobilière des particuliers ont mieux été protégés qu’auparavant. L’État du Vietnam a reconnu la nature réelle du droit d’usage des sols, qui a permis l’émergence d’un marché immobilier dynamique et attractif par les investisseurs nationaux et internationaux. D’autre part, l’urbanisation a conduit à de nombreux bouleversements dans l’usage de la terre en zones rurales. Malgré ses efforts, l’État du Vietnam ne parvient cependant pas à s’adapter aux exigences de ce nouveau contexte. Il s’y développe depuis longtemps des débats sur la propriété foncière, sur la notion de droit d’usage et d’autres éléments en rapport avec la gestion foncière. Les dirigeants tâtonnent et l’administration foncière soulève encore de nombreuses difficultés. L’un des aspects les plus remarquables concerne le maintien de la réquisition foncière, procédure qui implique la précarité du droit d’usage des particuliers.Alors, à qui appartient aujourd’hui la terre au Vietnam ? Est-ce que les composantes du peuple vietnamien, surtout les paysans pauvres, en sont véritablement les maîtres ? Le droit d’usage peut-il être considéré comme l’équivalent d’un droit de propriété au sens du droit français ? Toutes ces interrogations, qui se trouvent au coeur de la présente thèse, conduisent à suggérer une nouvelle réforme du droit vietnamien dans un proche avenir<br>Land ownership is an interesting and fundamental issue in Vietnam. The relationship to the land has been framed in different ways throughout the history of this country, in both feudal and colonial and socialist periods. The differences in design and soil management technique in each period explain the complexity of contemporary Vietnamese land law; increased complexity in a market economy context with the socialist orientation maintained by the Communist Party. This ambiguous situation refers to the image of a country that is ready to implement structural reforms, particularly in the economic sector, without breaking with its socialist ideology. The land issue is a major focus of current issues, at the center of which lies the confusion between public property and private property. As a result of land laws and various amendments, particularly after the 2013 Constitution, land tenure and private property rights have been better protected than before. The State of Vietnam has recognized the real nature of the land use right, which has allowed the emergence of a dynamic and attractive real estate market by national and international investors. On the other hand, urbanization has led to many upheavals in the use of land in rural areas. Despite its efforts, however, the State of Vietnam can not adapt to the demands of this new context. There has been a long history of debates on land ownership, the concept of the right of use and other elements related to land management. The leaders are fumbling and the land administration still raises many difficulties. One of the most remarkable aspects concerns the maintenance of the land requisition, a procedure that involves the precariousness of the right of use of individuals.So, who owns land in Vietnam today? Are the components of the Vietnamese people, especially the poor peasants, really the masters? Can the right of use be considered as the equivalent of a right of property within the meaning of French law? All these questions, which are at the heart of this thesis, lead to suggest a new reform of Vietnamese law in the near future
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Assaf, G. B. "The economics of products liability : An application of economics to law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381769.
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Eriksson, Emma. "En risig marknad? : En analys av rismarknaden i Vietnam ur ett effektivitets- och jämlikhetsperspektiv." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-52501.
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<p>Ris är en mycket viktig vara för Vietnam och dess befolkning. För Vietnams ekonomi har ris en tvådelad roll. Dels är riskonsumtionen bland Vietnams befolkning mycket stor och uppgår till runt 150 kilogram per person och år. Dels är det en av Vietnams viktigaste exportvaror och Vietnam är världens näst största exportör av ris. Hur rismarknaden fungerar är därför mycket viktigt för landet. När priset på ris steg kraftigt under första halvåret av år 2008 resulterade det till en början i att producenterna fick ett högre pris på riset. När priset fortsatte att stiga införde Vietnams regering ett exportstopp för att skydda de inhemska konsumenterna. Detta resulterade i att det inhemska priset minskade och de inhemska producenterna förlorade intäkter.</p><p>Ett växande problem i Vietnam är ojämlikhet mellan stad och landsbygd. Ojämlikheten är nära sammankopplad med rismarknaden eftersom risproducenterna lever på landsbygden. Med anledning av hur Vietnam har påverkats av ett högre pris på ris och den ökande ojämlikheten i samhället syftar uppsatsen till att analysera rismarknaden och hur regleringar påverkar marknaden och dess aktörer ur ett effektivitets- och jämlikhetsperspektiv. För att undersöka detta har en fältstudie i Vietnam genomförts. Kvalitativa intervjuer har utförts på plats i Vietnam för att få information om den rådande situationen. Materialet har sedan analyserats med välfärdekonomiskteori för att uppfylla syftet.</p><p>Resultatet av analysen visar att det inte råder fullständig konkurrens på rismarknaden och att det till stor del beror på de regleringar som påverkar marknaden. Det råder även informationsasymmetri mellan köpare och säljare samt transaktionskostnader i form av många mellanhänder och höga transportkostnader. Regleringarna som påverkar marknaden och dess aktörer är främst reglering av export, markrättigheter och migration. Reglering av export påverkar på kort sikt risproducenterna och landet i stort negativt och riskonsumenterna positivt. På lång sikt påverkas även nettokonsumenterna på landsbygden negativt då det skapar svårigheter för landsbygden att utvecklas. Regleringen av mark påverkar även den landsbygdsbefolkningen negativt och leder till svårigheter att investera i ny teknologi. Det råder utbudsöverskott av arbetskraft på landsbygden och på grund av regleringar är det svårt för arbetskraft från landsbygden att immigrera till städerna, vilket påverkar lönenivåerna på landsbygden negativt. Samtliga av dessa regleringar skapar välfärdsförluster för samhället. Välfärdsvinster och högre effektivitet skulle kunna nås av att förändra regleringarna.</p><p>Ojämlikheten mellan stad och landsbygd är stor och består bland annat av skillnader i inkomst, fattigdomsnivå, regleringar och utbildning. Skillnader i fördelar mellan stad och landsbygd är stora och har varit ihållande över en tid. Det kan antas finnas ett alternativt jämviktsläge där skillnader i fördelar inte är lika stora. Därmed kan det antas existera en ojämlikhetsfälla mellan stad och landsbygd i Vietnam. Eftersom det finns välfärdsförluster och att det därmed råder ineffektivitet på marknaden kan en minskning av ojämlikhet och möjligen ett hävande av ojämlikhetsfällan även leda till effektivitetsvinster.</p>
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Malmsjö, Henrik. "Patent Scope : A Law and Economics Analysis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-238882.
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Bilgel, Firat <1980>. "The Law and Economics of Organ Procurement." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3306/.
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Martinez, Gandara Alejandra <1980>. "The Law and Economics of Eco-labels." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5630/.
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Eco-labels and certification are one of the many environmental policy tools that have been under scrutiny in recent years. This is because the damages of environmental degradation are becoming more apparent over time. Hence there is a pressure to come up with tools that help solve even small parts of the problem. Eco-labels have been around for over 30 years. However the market, the environment and eco-labels have changed drastically during this period. Moreover, in the last 5 years there has been a sudden increase in eco-labels making them more visible in the market and to the average consumer. All this has made evident that little is known about the effectiveness of eco-labels as environmental policy tools. Hence, there is a call to find answers regarding the actual effects of eco-labels on the market and on the environment. While this work cannot address whether eco-labels have an environmental impact it addresses the effects of eco-labels on the markets. Moreover, this work aimed to find the role of law in eco-labelling. In addition, it aims to find a legal solution that would improve the performance of eco-labelling and certification.
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Willén, Jenny. "Handelsliberaliseringens effekter på barnarbete : en studie av empiriska data från Vietnam." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8075.
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<p>I uppsatsen har jag undersökt hur sambandet mellan handelsliberalisering och barnarbete ser ut. Uppsatsen inleds med en teori om internationell handel för att tydliggöra vad som sker inom ett land vid en liberalisering av handeln. Därefter presenteras tre olika teorier från mikroteoretiskt nivå som beskriver sambandet mellan handelsliberalisering och barnarbete utifrån olika perspektiv. Varje teori följs upp av ett avsnitt där empiriska data från Vietnam analyseras med hjälp av teorin för att koppla samman teorin med verkligheten. Jag har valt att fokusera på Vietnam för att det är ett bra typexempel av ett u-land som öppnat upp landet för handel med andra länder de senaste årtiondet. Slutligen diskuteras hur väl teorierna förklarar sambandet mellan handelsliberalisering och barnarbete samt vilka aspekter som belyses i respektive teori. Jag kommer fram till att det finns samband mellan handelsliberalisering och en minskning av barnarbete under speciella förhållanden.</p>
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Chang, Howard Fenghau. "Essays in law and microeconomic theory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12880.
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Scroggin, Steven E. "Essays in dynamic uncertainty : behavioral economics, investment theory and law and economics /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3208637.
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Norrlander, Jens, and Anell Per Andersson. "Can Micro Credits Contribute To Poverty Alleviation? : A study of female entrepreneurs in Vietnam." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-976.
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<p>Introduction: Poverty is today a global problem which is getting more and more attention. Organisations as UNDP, OECD and World Bank have a common target of cutting poverty in half by year 2015. But if this target is going to be feasible it is important to understand poverty. Nobel Prize winner Amartya Sen argues that standard of living should be expressed in quality of life not in terms of quantity of goods and other economic factors. Sen has developed theories concerning poverty that is commonly used in today debate. One way to diminish poverty is microfinance. Microfinance is small loans given to poor people as a way for them to start or develop a business of some kind. Microfinance programs often combine the loans with education and social activities. Aim: Investigate if microfinance can contribute to permanent poverty alleviation, develop a model and apply it in rural Vietnam. The following questions will help to achieve our aim: - How do microfinance effect poor women in rural Vietnam? - What happens if one applies Amartya Sen's theories of poverty in rural Vietnam? </p><p>Results: Microfinance is a good tool in the struggle to diminishing poverty. We found many examples where microfinance had improved the women’s life in different areas. But to make the microfinance even more effective it is important it is effective education and right members participating. Under ideal circumstances the process of microfinance work as in the NORAN-model, however in reality it is not so easy. But if you are aware of the problems and try to avoid them, microfinance can help many women. Thus our conclusion is that microfinance certainly can and already do contribute to permanent poverty alleviation.</p>
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Le, Thi Nhat Phuong. "Determinants of dropping out of school : the case of Vietnam." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1102.
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Ferrell, Frank Allen. "Essays in financial regulation and corporate law." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32407.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>In the first essay, we investigate which provisions, among a set of twenty-four governance provisions followed by the Investor Responsibility Research Center (IRRC), are correlated with firm value and stockholder returns. Based on this analysis, we put forward an entrenchment index based on six provisions - four "constitutional" provisions that prevent a majority of shareholders from having their way and two "takeover readiness" provisions that boards put in place to be ready for a hostile takeover. We find that increases in the level of this index are monotonically associated with economically significant reductions in firm valuation, as measured by Tobin's Q. We present suggestive evidence that the entrenching provisions cause lower firm valuation. We also find that firms with higher level of the entrenchment index were associated with large negative abnormal returns during the 1990-2003 period. Furthermore, we find that the provisions in our entrenchment index fully drive the correlation, identified by prior work, that the IRRC provisions in the aggregate have with reduced firm value and lower stock returns during the 1990s. We find no evidence that the other eighteen IRRC provisions are negatively correlated with either firm value or stock returns during the 1990-2003 period. The second essay investigates the effect the imposition of mandatory disclosure in 1964 on over-the-counter firms had on stock volatility, stock returns and stock synchronicity. This study finds that mandatory disclosure is associated with both a dramatic reduction in the volatility of OTC stock returns and with OTC stocks enjoying positive abnormal returns.<br>(cont.) The third essay investigates whether the empirical evidence favors state competition for corporate incorporations. The essay concludes that the existing empirical evidence does not favor state competition. Moreover, data on incorporation choices made by firms supports this conclusion. States with wealth-reducing state antitakeover statutes are not penalized in the market for incorporations. The fourth essay addresses whether dispersion of ownership in the United States can be explained by the U.S. having a strong corporate and securities legal regime. The essay concludes that dispersion of ownership cannot be so explained.<br>by Frank Allen Ferrell.<br>Ph.D.
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Frakes, Michael (Michael D. ). "Essays on malpractice law and physician behavior." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49706.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>This dissertation contributes to an understanding of the manner in which various dimensions of malpractice law shape physician behavior and how this behavior, in turn, impacts health outcomes. In Chapter 1, I explore the association between regional variations in physician practices and the geographical scope of the standards of care to which physicians are held in malpractice actions. To investigate this general association, I explore whether treatment utilization rates in a state converge towards national utilization levels as states abandon the use of "locality rules" to adopt laws requiring physicians to comply with national standards of care. I focus the analysis on the case of cesarean delivery and find robust evidence of convergence in cesarean section utilization, whereby as much as 40 - 60% of the gap between state and national cesarean rates is closed upon the abandonment of a locality rule. In Chapter 2, I estimate the returns to regional cesarean intensities, drawing on an arguably exogenous source of variation in cesarean rates resulting from the adoption of national-standard laws. I first document robust evidence of triage in regional cesarean utilization, whereby physicians in high intensity regions begin to perform cesareans on mothers who are less in need of this intensive delivery alternative. Second, I find no evidence to suggest that an increase in regional cesarean rates otherwise leads to an increase in average neonatal outcomes.<br>(cont.) Third, I find evidence suggesting that increases in regional cesarean rates may be crowding out mothers otherwise in need of cesarean delivery. In Chapter 3, I consider another dimension to malpractice law and estimate the relationship between different levels of malpractice pressure, as identified by the adoption of non-economic damage caps and related malpractice laws, and certain decisions faced by obstetricians during the delivery of a child. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, I find no evidence to support the claim that malpractice pressure induces physicians to perform a substantially greater number of cesarean sections. However, I do find evidence of positive defensive behavior in the utilization of episiotomies during vaginal deliveries and in the durations of maternal lengths of stay.<br>by Michael D. Frakes.<br>Ph.D.
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WANG, Yanchen. "Essays on market competition and law enforcement." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/37.
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My Ph.D. dissertation contains both theoretical and empirical studies on market competition and law enforcement. The first study, entitled “Piracy, Counterfeiting, and Market Competition”, is a theoretical study and investigates the economic consequences of intellectual property law enforcement by looking at two types of intellectual property infringement, piracy and counterfeiting. To investigate how the market power changes in the presence of piracy, we start with a static model made up of two horizontally and vertically differentiated goods, genuine product and pirated product. The representative consumer's utility is a function of the consumption of the two goods. The consumer can choose to buy one out of the two differentiated goods but faces a potential legal cost if he purchases the pirated product. The legal cost is exogenous and decided by the policy maker. We show that, as the level of law enforcement enhances, the substitutability between genuine product and pirated product decreases, and the market power of the genuine product producer increases. This makes the two products less likely to belong to the same antitrust relevant market, confirming the conjecture raised by Lin (2018). Next, we explore how anti-counterfeiting efforts under the intellectual property law affect market competition, by setting up a two-stage game made up of four firms: two branded firms and two counterfeiters. In the first stage, each branded firm can take anti-counterfeiting effort independently and simultaneously, which only affects its corresponding counterfeiter. In the second stage, four firms compete in the Cournot’s framework. We show that two branded firms’ decision variables are strategic substitutes, and the negative externality exists for branded firm to take anti¬-counterfeiting efforts. Due to the negative externalities, we confirm that the private anti-counterfeiting efforts chosen by branded-good producers are higher than the industrial optimum. The second study, entitled ^The Volcker Rule, Bank Stability and Bank Liquidity^, is an empirical study and focuses on the latest bank regulation, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. Specifically, we focus on section 619of Dodd-Frank Act, which is commonly known as “Volcker Rule” and imposes restrictions on banks’ ability to engage in proprietary trading activities. Using the passage of the Volcker Rule as an exogenous shock, we employ the difference-in¬differences analysis to investigate the effect of Volcker Rule on bank risk and liquidity creation. We find a significant reduction on proprietary trading among regulated bank holding companies (BHCs). In the meantime, we find that the enforcement of Volcker Rule induces a significant increase in liability-side liquidity creation and a decrease in the off-balance sheet liquidity creation. Our findings shed light on the trade-off of Volker Rule implementation in the United States.
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Combs, Arthur. "Rural economic development as a nation building strategy in South Vietnam, 1968-1972." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2859/.
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Lanneau, Régis. "les fondements épistémologiques du mouvement Law & Economics." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00498026.
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La présente thèse vise à montrer que l'analyse économique du droit est une philosophie du soupçon, un système logique d'interprétation des phénomènes juridiques qui peut nous apporter des connaissances si nous prenons bien en compte sa qualité de système d'interprétation. Les propositions économiques étant largement analytiques, elles peuvent nous informer uniquement par les questions qu'elles suscitent. Le raisonnement économique est tout d'abord un code de perception qui se fonde sur deux concepts : la rationalité et l'efficience. Ce code de perception nous donne des intuitions qui « semblent » pertinentes pour l'étude du droit (à la fois sur ce qu'est le droit l'approche du raisonnement juridique). Se pose alors la question de ce qui fait la « validité » des connaissances proposées. Des considérations a priori ou des considérations empiriques semblent insuffisantes pour rendre compte de la pertinence de ce type d'analyse. Nous proposons finalement une approche en termes de renversement : ce n'est qu'en que le code n'est qu'un code et en confrontant ses propositions à d'autres points de vue que nous pouvons espérer gagner des « connaissances ». L'analyse économique du droit pose aussi la question de l'analyse juridique du droit.
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Pacces, Alessio Maria. "Featuring control power : corporate law and economics revisited /." Rotterdam : Erasmus Universiteit, 2008. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00217932.pdf.
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Nicolaides, Phedon. "Essays on law and economics of state aid." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=13483.
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Morriss, Andrew Pettit. "The law and economics of employment at will." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11926.
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Lanneau, Régis. "Les fondements épistémologies du mouvement Law & Economics." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100180.
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La présente thèse vise à montrer que l'analyse économique du droit est une philosophie du soupçon, un système logique d'interprétation des phénomènes juridiques qui peut nous apporter des connaissances si nous prenons bien en compte sa qualité de système d'interprétation. Les propositions économiques étant largement analytiques, elles peuvent nous informer uniquement par les questions qu'elles suscitent. Le raisonnement économique est tout d’abord un code de perception qui se fonde sur deux concepts : la rationalité et l'efficience. Ce code de perception nous donne des intuitions qui « semblent » pertinentes pour l'étude du droit (à la fois sur ce qu'est le droit et sur l'approche du raisonnement juridique). Se pose alors la question de ce qui fait la « validité » des connaissances proposées. Des considérations a priori ou des considérations empiriques semblent insuffisantes pour rendre compte de la pertinence de ce type d’analyse. Nous proposons finalement une approche en termes de renversement : ce n'est qu'en saisissant que le code n'est qu'un code et en confrontant ses propositions à d'autres points de vue que nous pouvons espérer gagner des « connaissances ». L’analyse économique du droit pose aussi la question de l’analyse juridique du droit<br>The following thesis demonstrates that economic analysis of law is a suspicion philosophy, an interpretative system of legal phenomena which brings knowledge if, and only if, we take into account its interpretative nature. Economic propositions are mainly analytical, they leads to knowledge through the questions they raise. Economic reasoning is a “code”, a way to interpret the outside world, which uses two main concepts: rationality and efficiency. This code leads to insights that “seem”to be relevant for the study of law (for understanding the concept of law and legal reasoning). However, how is it possible to say that we are learning something? Both a priori considerations and empirical testing seem to be insufficient to qualify its results. In this thesis, we advocate for a new approach of its results that I will call “renversement” [reverse analysis]: it is only if we consider the code as a code and with a comparison of its results to the results of other points of view, that it is possible to learn something. It also shows that economic analysis of law raises the question of the nature of a legal analysis of law
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León, Hilario Leysser L. "El efímero encanto de “nuestro” Law and Economics." IUS ET VERITAS, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122919.
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Este artículo es un testimonio que presenta una reflexión hecha a título personal por el autor, la cual aborda de manera crítica el rol que el Análisis económico del Derecho ha venido desarrollando en la formación de abogados en las facultades de Derecho de nuestro país. Asimismo, opina que esta corriente se ha alejado de sus postulados lógicos iniciales para terminar siendo no más que un débil sostén del liberalismo económico, lo cual ha despojado de sentido al Análisis económico del Derecho en el Perú. This paper is a testimony, which displays the author’s personal opinion on the role that Law and economics has been developing in the way future lawyers are being academically trained in our Law schools. Also, the author expresses that this current of thought has disentangled itself from its original postulates to support the pillars of economic liberalism, which has left Law and economics at a loss of purpose in our country.
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Kessler, Daniel P. "Essays on the empirical analysis of accident law." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11659.
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Davies, Sara Ellen. "Legitimising rejection : international refugee law in Southeast Asia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19072.pdf.
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Nieberding, James Francis. "The anticompetitive nature and political economy issues of current U.S. antidumping law." Connect to resource, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261501232.
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Bergling, Per. "Legal reform and private enterprise : the Vietnamese experience." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ., Dep. of Law, 1999. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/321764609.pdf.
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Abrams, David S. "Essays on the economics of law, crime and discrimination." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34509.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>This dissertation presents work empirically investigating various aspects of the criminal justice system. Chapter one, coauthored with Chris Rohlfs, examines the judicial bail-setting process and the defendant decision to pay bail. Optimal bail-setting rules must balance the tradeoffs between costs to defendants and costs to society. This chapter develops a model of optimal bail that incorporates the cost of jailing the defendant, the private cost to the defendant from being incarcerated, the cost of crime, and the costs that arise when defendants abscond. The model is empirically calibrated using data from a randomized experiment. The randomized experiment allows the use of defendants' bail posting decisions to estimate their subjective values of freedom. Our estimates suggest that high-risk defendants would be willing to pay $300 to $1,000 for 90 days of freedom. We find the socially optimal level of bail to be substantially lower than levels currently set by judges. Aggregating nationally, we find that the total social benefit of reform would be on the order of $10 billion per year. Chapter two, coauthored with Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan, is a study of the impact of defendant race on interjudge sentencing disparity, which seeks to add to the knowledge of the role of race in the courtroom.<br>(cont.) This chapter attempts to determine whether the legal system discriminates against minorities by addressing a related question: do judges differ in how they sentence minorities? This approach avoids the difficulty of systematic racial differences in case characteristics by exploiting the random assignment of cases to judges. We measure the between judge variation in the ratio of African-American to White defendant sentence lengths and incarceration rates. In our data set, which includes all felony cases in Cook County, Illinois from 1985-2005, we find large between-judge variation. We also find that judge characteristics, such as age, and the judge's previous work experience as a prosecutor or defender all predict their racial gap in sentencing. Chapter three presents evidence regarding the deterrent effect of incarceration. Knowing the magnitude of the deterrent effect of incarceration on crime is crucial to optimal policy setting. In this chapter I make use of sentence enhancements in gun robbery sentence lengths caused by add-on gun laws to attempt to estimate this impact. Since defendants subject to add-ons would be incarcerated in the absence of the law change, the short-term effect will be solely deterrent.<br>(cont.) I take advantage of the temporal variation in the passage of these laws in different states to identify the causal impact of the law change. I find that add-on gun laws result in a significant reduction in gun robberies, approximately 5% within the first three years of passage, for the average add-on gun law. The results are robust to a number of tests, and do not appear to be due to a large spillover to other types of crime.<br>by David S. Abrams.<br>Ph.D.
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Petkun, Jonathan Blake. "Essays on the law and economics of public institutions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127036.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, May, 2020<br>Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>This thesis consists of three chapters on the legal and economic organization of large-scale public institutions. Each chapter uses the tools of applied microeconomics in order to explore how the legal and organizational structure of public institutions affects the behavior of actors inside and outside of the organization as well as the quality of public goods provided. In other words, my thesis asks the question: how well do our public institutions function, or for whom do they function? Chapter 1 focuses on the inner-workings of the United States civil justice system; chapters 2 and 3 focus their attention on the U.S. military. In Chapter 1 I study a procedural reform in the U.S. federal trial courts. Re-cent court reform efforts in the U.S. and elsewhere have focused on speeding up what are perceived to be slow and burdensome civil justice systems.<br>I study a Congressionally-enacted reform known as the "six-month list," which uses social pressure to incentivize federal judges to decide cases more quickly. I construct an original dataset of nearly 500,000 federal district court motions--representing the approximate universe of summary judgment motions in federal civil cases for the period 2004-2014--and I exploit quasi-random variation in exposure to the six-month list in order to assess the causal effects of the six-month list on both the speed and quality of adjudications. My results indicate that the six-month list does indeed improve speed, though the effect is heterogeneous across judges, with judges who are young, non-white, or female being among the most responsive. Meanwhile, I find only mixed evidence of effects on the quality of adjudications. I interpret these results as consistent with a model of judicial behavior that Chapter 2 maintains a focus on public sector personnel policy, bit it shifts con-texts from the U.S.<br>courts to the U.S. military. In this chapter, which is the product of joint work with Christina Patterson and William Skimmyhorn, we study how the structure of common retention incentives affects employee quality in the U.S. military. This complements the existing literature on the determinants of public sector worker quality, which has primarily focused on levels of compensation rather than the structure of personnel policy and other non-wage incentives. We combine administrative data with quasi-random variation to find that low-ability soldiers are relatively more responsive to both lump-sum bonuses and early retirement benefits, and both effects are large enough to lower the organization's average ability level. We provide suggestive evidence that neither access to credit nor differences in personal discount rates explain these selection patterns.<br>In Chapter 3, joint with Paul Goldsmith-Pinkham, we assess the potential for pecuniary externalities relating to military housing allowances. In providing housing to its troops, the U.S. military chooses between direct in-kind provision (i.e. on-base barracks and family housing) and cash transfers (i.e. lump-sum housing allowances). In areas with a high military share of the overall population, military housing policies can have potentially significant impacts on the local civilian housing market. Anecdotally, some worry that military housing allowances drive up local housing prices, making it difficult for civilians to compete with their military neighbors for affordable housing. We combine panel data on the evolution of ZIP code-level military housing allowances and rental and house prices with plausibly exogenous changes to the military's housing allowance formula in order to identify pecuniary externalities.<br>We find suggestive evidence that increases to local military housing allowance rates generate sizeable pecuniary effects, with a 1% increase in military housing allowances leading to a 0.25% increase in local house prices in areas with a nearby military base.<br>byJonathan Blake Petkun.<br>Ph. D.<br>Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics
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Nguyen, Quan H. "The social structures of contracts : a case study of the Vietnamese market /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/0002265.
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Cumming, Douglas J. "Empirical essays on agency costs in law and economics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0014/NQ45694.pdf.
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Crawford, Keith. "The law and economics of orderly and effective insolvency." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13372/.
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What is effective insolvency law? Effective insolvency laws play an important role in the health of an economy, and particularly upon the framework of investment decisions. Understanding how this works is particularly relevant during a period of financial crisis. International Monetary Fund and World Bank guidelines for “Orderly and Effective” insolvency laws were intended to encourage law reforms that would stimulate investment by improving returns to investors in the event of insolvency. The guidelines were strongly influenced by an efficiency approach to insolvency. This approach posits that absolute priority for secured creditors is allocatively efficient and therefore the best means to achieve maximum social welfare. The guidelines also drew heavily on the principles and practices of ‘creditor friendly’ English law, seen by some as a paragon of efficient insolvency. But how accurate is this appraisal of English law or the impact of efficient insolvency? The Enterprise Act 2002 sought to develop a rescue culture by improving inclusivity and increasing distribution of both control and returns amongst stakeholders. Instead of reducing overall returns, as an efficiency model would suggest, research into insolvency outcomes suggests that the revised administration procedure may provide better returns to all groups of creditors, including secured creditors. This thesis uses empirical data to explore the limitations of an efficiency approach to insolvency, and explain why in a developed legal regime inclusivity improves returns by increasing the likelihood of effective rescue. The changes in English law are reflective of an increased private sector investment in informal workouts and a growing emphasis on reputational and relationship concerns. An element of redistribution and inclusivity will provide better global returns to investors than a slavish approach to secured creditor priority.