Academic literature on the topic 'Law and environmental licensing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Law and environmental licensing"
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Raetzke, Christian. "Nuclear law and environmental law in the licensing of nuclear installations." Nuclear Law Bulletin 2013, no. 2 (March 17, 2014): 55–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/nuclear_law-2013-5jz742tm0b7l.
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Mendez, Gabriel De Pinna, and Ricardo Abranches Felix Cardoso Júnior. "Obstacles to municipal environmental licensing - Analysis of the main difficulties and obstacles in the environmental licensing procedures of municipalities." Ciência e Natura 40 (May 11, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x29442.
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Environmental licensing is one of the main instruments of the National Environmental Policy, mainly due to its nature of prevention of the significance of environmental damages. After the enactment of complementary law no. 140/11, municipalities were given the explicit competence to license enterprises and activities whose environmental impact is classified as local, provided they have a qualified technical body and a municipal environmental council. After almost six years of enforcement of the aforementioned complementary law, it is verified that most municipalities have not yet been able to implement an efficient and effective environmental licensing system, configuring themselves as mere emitters of environmental licenses. The main problems encountered in municipal environmental licensing are addressed in this paper, such as inconsistencies in the definition of competence of the licensing body, deficiencies in the normative framework, mainly regarding legislation on land use and occupation (zoning), low technical capacity and Lack of independence of municipal environmental agencies, excessive bureaucracy and high processing time, as well as lack of transparency and social control. The analysis of these obstacles points to the need for improvements and effective changes in municipal environmental systems, making environmental licensing play the role of collective protection.
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C. M. S. Braga, Rafael, and Fernando Veloso-Gomes. "Environmental Licensing as an Instrument for the Environmental Management of Brazilian Public Ports." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062357.
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Port environmental management initiatives have not yet been properly implemented in Brazilian public ports, and when they exist, they are still very fragmented and are not based on techniques of planning or environmental management, but instead are only intended to answer the minimum requirements of the legal licensing process for construction and port operation. The purpose of this article was to analyze if environmental licensing can be considered an environmental management tool for Brazilian public ports. For this, exploratory research with a qualitative focus was carried out in the 37 Brazilian public ports, regarding the current situation of environmental licensing. It was concluded that the environmental licensing of public ports in Brazil is still a long process and associated with a lot of unpredictability, where some ports, after many years, do not even have the proper operating licenses and the environmental management of most public ports is still insufficient or even non-existent. In this context, environmental licensing can be considered a management tool; however, it cannot be replaced by the planning and constant improvement of environmental compliance—both those provided for by law and other environmental regulatory mechanisms—at a national and international level.
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Monteiro, Nathalie Barbosa Reis, and Elaine Aparecida da Silva. "Environmental licensing in Brazilian's crushed stone industries." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 71 (July 2018): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2018.04.003.
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Brown, James, and Andrew Farmer. "The use of fisheries licensing in environmental integration." Ocean & Coastal Management 50, no. 1-2 (January 2007): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2006.08.015.
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Zou, Zongbao, Fan Wang, Xiaofan Lai, and Jingxian Hong. "How Does Licensing Remanufacturing Affect the Supply Chain Considering Customer Environmental Awareness?" Sustainability 11, no. 7 (March 29, 2019): 1898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071898.
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As sustainability issues are receiving increasing attention in society, in recent years many manufacturers have been adopting remanufacturing via technology licensing. This paper uses a game theory approach to investigate this strategy of a manufacturer under a closed-loop supply chain consisting of one supplier, one manufacturer, and one third-party remanufacturer (TPR), with the consideration of customer environmental awareness. In particular, the supplier supplies the components to the manufacturer and the manufacturer adopts technology licensing remanufacturing via the TPR. We explicitly characterize the reactions between the supplier and the manufacturer as being in equilibrium after adopting the technology licensing. We find that only when remanufacturing is a potential threat to the supplier is the performance of the supply chain improved and the double marginalization effect effectively eliminated. Moreover, remanufacturing by technology licensing only increases the profit of the manufacturer, but decreases the profit of the supplier. Interestingly, contrary to traditional wisdom, the existence of remanufactured products does not reduce the quantity of new products. Furthermore, remanufacturing by technology licensing may not always improve the environment, but customers in the market have environmental awareness that facilitates remanufacturing.
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Crifasi, Cassandra K., Elizabeth M. Stone, Beth McGinty, Jon S. Vernick, Colleen L. Barry, and Daniel W. Webster. "Differences in public support for handgun purchaser licensing." Injury Prevention 26, no. 1 (September 6, 2019): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043405.
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ObjectiveTo assess whether there are differences in support for handgun purchaser licensing.MethodsWe used data from four waves of online, national polling on gun policy. To estimate differences in support for licensing across groups, we categorised respondents by whether they personally owned a gun, lived in a state with handgun purchaser licensing or lived in a state regulating private sales without a licensing system.ResultsEighty-four per cent of adults living in states with licensing supported the policy compared with 74% in states without the law (p<0.001). Seventy-seven per cent of gun owners living in states with licensing supported the policy vs 59% of gun owners in states without licensing (p<0.001).ConclusionsSupport for licensing among gun owners living in states with these laws, many of whom have presumably gone through the process, was much higher than gun owners in states without such laws.
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Thomé, Romeu, and José Cláudio Junqueira Ribeiro. "COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AS A GUARANTEE DEMOCRATIC MECHANISM OF ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS." Veredas do Direito: Direito Ambiental e Desenvolvimento Sustentável 13, no. 25 (May 10, 2016): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v13i25.682.
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This paper aims to analyze the mechanisms of popular participation in environmental impact assessment as a result of the application of the democratic principle in environmental field. It is found that, in Brazil, despite already covered by the environmental standards in force, popular participation is limited to specific times of the licensing procedure, weakening its role of supporting decision-making by the Government and hindering the adoption of measures socially and environmentally fair. One of the premises of a Democratic and Environmental rule of law is that citizens have the right (and duty) of actively participate in making decisions that may affect the environmental balance. Therefore, it is necessary the improvement and expansion of participation mechanisms in the analysis procedures of environmental impact assessment.
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Mulyadi, Mulyadi, Fahrul Siregar, and Inayatullah Abdul Hasyim. "ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND DAMAGE CONTROL THROUGH MANAGEMENT OF LICENSING AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL." DE'RECHTSSTAAT 4, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jhd.v4i2.1535.
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The objectives to be desired in this study are to analyze and assess control to pollution and environmental damage through management of permits in Bogor Regency, and explain administrative claims for business licenses and/or activities that have already been revoked, if the business already has a business license and/or activity is not in accordance with Article 121 of the Environmental Protection and Management Law. One of the instruments in an effort to prevent pollution and environmental destruction is environmental permits, as stipulated in Article 1 point 35 of Law No. 32 of 2009 which is then regulated in Government Regulation No. 27 of 2012 concerning Environmental Permits. In this provision there are two types of permits, namely environmental permits. The research method used is an empirical normative juridical research method with the consideration that the starting point of the research is analysis of legislation governing licensing. The results of this study illustrate that environmental permits are one of the instruments in efforts to prevent pollution or damage to the environment, to realize the goals of environmental protection and management, especially in the use of the environment associated with environmental permits. Implementation and enforcement of permits will affect the pollution and damage to the existing environment. Therefore local governments are required to enforce environmental law in implementing policies or licensing related to the environment, even if various efforts need to be made, including revocation of licenses and use of criminal channels for those who do not heed destruction and pollution.
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Wood, Daniel, Elisa Capuzzo, Damien Kirby, Karen Mooney-McAuley, and Philip Kerrison. "UK macroalgae aquaculture: What are the key environmental and licensing considerations?" Marine Policy 83 (September 2017): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.021.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Law and environmental licensing"
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Cunha, Tadeu Henrique Lopes da. "A efetivação dos direitos sociais por meio da atuação preventiva: a exigência de licenciamento social para a instalação de indústrias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-12022014-160504/.
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Este estudo tem por objeto a efetivação dos direitos sociais por meio da atuação preventiva do Poder Público. Os direitos sociais fazem parte dos direitos fundamentais, posições jurídicas de suma relevância no ordenamento jurídico, objetivando à concretização da dignidade humana. Os direitos sociais são direitos fundamentais referentes à concretização da justiça social por meio da transformação das estruturas sociais e, por isso, sua não observância ou violação representa sério desrespeito aos princípios fundantes do Estado Democrático de Direito. Atualmente, os mecanismos jurídicos existentes, de forma geral, priorizam a atuação repressiva do Estado. Logo, a atuação em defesa dos direitos sociais (deveres de proteção do Estado), normalmente, acontece posteriormente à não observância ou violação do direito. O presente estudo, então, propõe a atuação preventiva do Poder Público para a efetivação de direitos sociais, considerando-se que esta forma de atuação pode ser uma forma de concretização de direitos fundamentais, pois visa a evitar o desrespeito a tais direitos, sendo, por via oblíqua, uma forma de sua efetivação. Nesse sentido, defende-se a utilização de instrumentos jurídicos de caráter preventivo existentes no âmbito do Direito Ambiental para a tutela de direitos sociais, mais especificamente, do licenciamento ambiental, que, no caso seria chamado de licenciamento social para os casos de instalação de indústrias.The aim of this study is the fulfillment of social rights through preventive action of the Government. Social rights are part of fundamental rights, legal positions of utmost relevance in the legal system, aiming the achievement of human dignity. Social rights are fundamental rights relating to the achievement of social justice through the transformation of social structures and, therefore, your non-compliance or violation represents serious disrespect to the founding principles of the Democratic State of Law. Currently, the existing legal mechanisms, in general, prioritize the repressive actions of the state. Therefore, the acting in defense of social rights (state duties of protection) usually happens after the non-compliance or violation of right. Then, this study proposes the preventive action of the Government for the realization of social rights, considering that this mode of working can be an achievement of fundamental rights, because it aims to prevent disrespect of such rights, and, aslant, a form of its implementation. In this sense, advocates the use of legal instruments of preventive character existing under Environmental Law for the protection of social rights, more specifically, the environmental licensing, which in this case would be called social licensing for cases of installation of industries.
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Dias, Eugênia Antunes. "Desculpe o transtorno, estamos em obras para melhor servi-lo! a educação ambiental no contexto da apropriação privada da natureza no licenciamento ambiental." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2014. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/6019.
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A apropriação privada e degradante da natureza é desigual, pois exclui as classes oprimidas, fenômeno denominado de injustiça ambiental. A natureza é privatizada via licenciamento ambiental, mediante atuação articulada entre Estado e capital, respaldados pelo mito do Desenvolvimento Sustentável promotor da aliança impossível entre crescimento e proteção ambiental, discurso amortecedor de resistências e maquiador de impactos e conflitos ambientais, processo que desenha a crise ecológica e sua relação direta com o modelo hegemônico capitalista. Valendo-se do método dialético, mediante revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa documental em documentos públicos relativos ao processo licenciamento ambiental da duplicação da rodovia BR-116/392 no RS, de informativos produzidos pelo licenciado (DNIT) e de jornais locais, a pesquisa objetivou identificar limites e potencialidades da Educação Ambiental (EA) na gestão ambiental pública como medida mitigadora e compensatória de impactos ambientais e sociais, e suas implicâncias na participação das comunidades atingidas para o controle social do Estado e na distribuição do ônus e do bônus de obras e/ou atividades efetivas ou potencialmente poluidoras, na perspectiva do enfrentamento da injustiça ambiental. Para tanto, especificidades da EA neste cenário foram identificadas e relacionadas com a sua potência em manter (EA Conservadora) ou superar a injustiça ambiental e a degradação na natureza (EA Transformadora) aproveitando-se do caráter contraditório do Estado. Destacou-se a influência do Liberalismo e do Neoliberalismo no arcabouço legal brasileiro, apontando o papel contraditório e atuante do Estado frente aos ímpetos da acumulação do capital concluindo-se que as políticas ambientais, onde está inserida a EA, em geral não tem obtido êxito em mitigar e/ou compensar a crise ecológica na escala necessária, mas tão somente regular a degradação e a apropriação privada da natureza, reificando quem ganha e quem perde neste processo. Por fim, são apontados aperfeiçoamentos a EA vinculada ao licenciamento ambiental.
The private appropriation of nature and degrading is uneven, as it excludes the oppressed classes, called environmental injustice phenomenon. Nature is privatized via environmental licensing by the articulation between state and capital, backed by the myth of Sustainable Development promoter alliance impossible between growth and environmental protection, shock resistance and speech makeup of environmental impacts and conflicts, a process that draws the ecological crisis and its direct relationship with the hegemonic capitalist model. Making use of the dialectical method, through literature review and documentary research in public documents relating to the licensing process of doubling the highway BR- 116/392 in RS, licensed by the produced information (DNIT) and local newspapers, the survey aimed to identify limits and potential of environmental education (EE) in public management as mitigation and compensatory measure environmental and social impacts and their implications on the participation of affected communities for social control of the state and distribution of the burden and the bonus works and/or effective activities or potentially polluting, in view of the environmental injustice confrontation. Therefore, specific EE in this scenario were identified and related to its power to keep (EE Conservative) or exceed environmental injustice and degradation in nature (EE Manufacturing) taking advantage of the contradictory character of the state. Highlighted the influence of liberalism and neoliberalism in the Brazilian legal framework, pointing the contradictory and active role of the state to the front of capital accumulation outbursts concluding that environmental policies, where it operates the EE in general has not been successful to mitigate and/or compensate for the ecological crisis on the scale required, but only regulate the degradation and the private appropriation of nature, reifying who wins and who loses in this process. Finally, improvements are pointed EE linked to environmental licensing.
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SERRA, REYNALDO C. "Licenciamento de reatores: proposta de uma estrutura regulatória integrada com abordagem em qualidade e meio ambiente para reatores de pesquisa no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23656.
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Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Bustamante, Maria Magalhães de. "Licenciamento como instrumento de regulação ambiental no Brasil: análise crítica da proposta do novo marco regulatório." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18430.
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Environmental licensing, in recent years in Brazil, has been the center of the great public debates, exceeding the juridical-environmental field. As a main instrument of the National Environmental Policy, responsible for making the protection of natural resources compatible with the demands imposed by the development of economic activity, the instrument assumed an excessive role in the environmental regulator sphere. However, criticism regarding the instrument is constant, especially in relation to the delay in conducting the procedure and excess of bureaucracy that might jeopardize new investments of projects that would leverage the country´s economic development. In this sense, in spite of specific problems that could compromise the effectiveness of the regulatory instrument, there are a series of structural and instrumental deadlocks that exceed its scope. Nevertheless, discussions on the subject are limited to changing the environmental licensing procedure, through reform proposals that seek to make licensing more flexible. The analysis undertaken in this dissertation intends to consider the structural aspects of the National Environmental Policy, as well as the main obstacles faced by environmental licensing procedure, in order to confirm the hypothesis of the lack of effectiveness of the regulatory instrument. The present work also intend to analyse critically the main legislative proposal regarding environmental licensing procedure, aiming to verify if this proposal has the potential to give greater effectiveness to the regulatory instrument.
O licenciamento ambiental, nos últimos anos no Brasil, vem ocupando a pauta dos grandes debates públicos, exorbitando a seara jurídica ambiental. Como instrumento principal da Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente, responsável por compatibilizar a proteção dos recursos naturais às demandas impostas pelo desenvolvimento da atividade econômica, o instrumento assumiu protagonismo excessivo na esfera regulatória ambiental. No entanto, as críticas ao instrumento revelam-se constantes, sobretudo no que se refere à morosidade e ao excesso de burocracia na condução do procedimento, inviabilizando o aporte de novos investimentos para projetos que alavancariam o desenvolvimento econômico do país. Nesse sentido, em que pese a existência de problemas específicos que comprometem a efetividade do instrumento regulatório, há uma série de impasses de ordem estrutural e instrumental que exorbitam o seu escopo. Todavia, as discussões referentes ao tema limitam-se à alteração de sua regulamentação, mediante propostas de reforma que visam flexibilizar o licenciamento sob o pretexto de solucionar o impasse ambiental. A análise empreendida na presente dissertação pretende considerar os aspectos estruturais da Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, bem como os principais obstáculos enfrentados na condução do licenciamento ambiental, a fim de confirmar a hipótese da falta de efetividade do instrumento regulatório decorrente destes aspectos. Pretende-se ainda analisar criticamente o Substitutivo ao Projeto de Lei Geral do Licenciamento Ambiental, no objetivo de constatar se a proposta normativa confere maior efetividade ao instrumento regulatório.
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Milaré, Lucas Tamer. "O licenciamento ambiental: contribuições para um marco legislativo à luz do pacto federativo ecológico instituído pela Lei Complementar 140/2011." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18870.
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In Brazil, the environmental licensing process entered, in an innovative way, the gates of the environmental control agencies in the states of Rio de Janeiro (1975 ) and São Paulo (1976 ) and, only since 1981, with the enactment of the National Environmental Policy though Law 6,938/1981 and the creation of the National Environmental System - SISNAMA, has developed a national coverage. It is through this instrument that the Public Power, when examining the submitted projects, check their suitability to the principles of National Environmental Policy, assess the positive and negative consequences of their implementation, in terms of environmental aspects, in the view of the sustainable development, and decides by the authorization of their implementation, formulating the necessary requirements to minimize their negative environmental impacts and to maximize its positive impacts. Throughout its application, however, there have been dissatisfactions of all types. The main complaints relate to the excess of rules related to the matter, many outdated and inaccurate, the high costs, delays and excessive bureaucracy to obtain environmental licenses. For this reason, there should be no delay in the adoption of measures necessary for its improvement, because, as it is well known, there are many opportunities at the moment related to the growth of our economy, but there are also many obstacles that need to be overcome for the achievement of this goal. Among them is the need for more stable regulatory and institutional environments, providing greater legal certainty and less bureaucracy, favorable to the performance of the productive sector and the growing demand for investment in all productive sectors. Indeed, in a globalized world, Brazil, to be able to compete, must reduce its production costs and develop its capacity to technological innovation, in addition to overcome structural bottlenecks, such the ones related to the infrastructure area, which will be possible solely with the efficiency of the licensing process, which, unfortunately, in the the view of many, is nothing but a stubborn obstacle to development. Within this context, our commitment, far from any pretense, focused - based on indicators of qualified sources: World Bank, Secretariat of Strategic Affairs of the Presidency, the National Industry Confederation, the Brazilian Association of State Entities Environment and Legislative Advisory Chamber of Deputies – in the identification of the main structural problems of environmental licensing process in Brazil, with the objective to present, de lege ferenda, contributions to its improvement. Thus, in the course of our investigations, surrounded with a myriad of innovative legislative proposals already under way in Congress, we seek not just point the fragmentation and non-systemicity of existing rules, but mainly the opportunity to approve a legal instrument that will the discipline, in the light of new ecological federal pact established by Complementary Law 140/2011, the general rules for environmental licensing, capable, in short term, to guide an uniform environmental management system for the entire country
No Brasil, o licenciamento ambiental entrou, pioneiramente, pelas portas dos órgãos de controle ambiental dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro (1975) e de São Paulo (1976), e somente em 1981, com a promulgação da Lei da Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente- PNMA pela Lei 6.938/1981 e a criação do Sistema Nacional de Meio Ambiente- SISNAMA, passou a ter abrangência nacional. É por meio deste instrumento que o Poder Público, ao examinar os projetos a ele submetidos, verifica sua adequação aos princípios da PNMA, avalia as consequências positivas e negativas de sua implantação, em termos ambientais, tendo em vista o desenvolvimento sustentável, e decide pela autorização ou não de sua implantação, formulando as exigências cabíveis para minimização de seus impactos ambientais negativos ou maximização de seus impactos positivos. Ao longo de sua aplicação, no entanto, surgiram insatisfações de toda sorte. As principais reclamações relacionam-se com a pletora de normas, muitas ultrapassadas e imprecisas, a reger o assunto, os altos custos, a demora e o excesso de burocracia para a obtenção das licenças ambientais. Por esta razão, não se deve retardar a adoção das medidas necessárias para o seu aperfeiçoamento, pois, como é notório, muitas são as oportunidades que, no momento, se entreabrem para o crescimento de nossa economia, mas muitos também são os obstáculos que precisam ser ultrapassados para o atingimento de tal desiderato. Entre eles está a necessidade de ambientes regulatórios e institucionais mais estáveis, que proporcionem maior segurança jurídica e menor burocracia, favoráveis a atuação do setor produtivo e à demanda crescente por investimentos em todos os setores produtivos. Deveras, em um mundo globalizado, o Brasil, para que tenha condições de competir, deverá reduzir seus custos de produção e desenvolver capacidade de inovação tecnológica, além de superar gargalos estruturais, como, por exemplo, os da área de infraestrutura, o que só será possível com a eficiência do processo de licenciamento ambiental, que, infelizmente, ao ver de muitos, não passa de um obstáculo teimoso ao desenvolvimento. Dentro desse contexto, o nosso empenho, longe de qualquer pretensão de engenho, centrou-se – com base em indicativos de qualificadas fontes: Banco Mundial, Secretaria de Assuntos Estratégicos da Presidência da República, Confederação Nacional da Indústria, Associação Brasileira de Entidades Estaduais de Meio Ambiente e Consultoria Legislativa da Câmara dos Deputados – na identificação dos principais problemas estruturais do licenciamento ambiental no País, com vistas a apresentar, de lege ferenda, contribuições para o seu aprimoramento. Destarte, no curso de nossas investigações, embaladas por uma miríade de inovadoras proposições legislativas já em curso no Congresso Nacional, buscamos não apenas apontar a fragmentação e a assistematicidade das normas vigentes, mas, principalmente, a oportunidade de aprovação de um Diploma Legal que venha a disciplinar, à luz do novo pacto federativo ecológico estabelecido pela Lei Complementar 140/2011, as normas gerais para o licenciamento ambiental, capaz, no curto prazo, de orientar um sistema de gestão ambiental uniforme para todo o País
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Furuiti, Naoka Sera. "A atuação do Ministério Público no licenciamento ambiental de empreendimentos de geração de energia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-11022011-081356/.
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Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como o Ministério Público brasileiro tem exercido a função inovadora que lhe foi atribuída pela Constituição Federal de 1988 para zelar pelo efetivo respeito dos Poderes Públicos e dos serviços de relevância pública ao direito constitucional do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, especificamente no tocante à sua atuação em processos de licenciamento ambiental. Para tal fim, adotou-se a metodologia de estudo de caso, com o levantamento de dados junto aos órgãos oficiais (Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo, Secretaria de Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo, Poder Judiciário, Ministério de Minas e Energia, Agência Nacional de Energia e Eletricidade) e entrevistas com atores representativos dos segmentos envolvidos ou com o caso estudado, associado à revisão legislativa e bibliográfica. O caso concreto foi escolhido a partir da delimitação do recorte geográfico e temporal: as pesquisas limitaram-se ao Estado de São Paulo, aos processos de licenciamento conduzidos pela Secretaria de Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo e à atuação do Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo, no período compreendido entre 2001 e 2006. Verificou-se que, especialmente a partir da Constituição Federal de 1988, as atribuições e prerrogativas do Ministério Público brasileiro, sem similares no sistema político de outros Estados ocidentais, conferiram-lhe o papel de promover a coercibilidade das normas de proteção ambiental e, ainda, atuar em foro alternativo ao Poder Judiciário para o gerenciamento de conflitos ambientais. Restando incontroversa a relevância de sua atuação na proteção do meio ambiente, constatou-se que, no tocante à fiscalização de processos de licenciamento ambiental conduzidos pelo órgão licenciador, na prática essa atuação acaba por ensejar novos conflitos com a Administração Pública, com reflexos sobre os atores envolvidos com o projeto sob discussão no processo de licenciamento ambiental. Propostas para seu equacionamento são analisadas neste trabalho.This research seeks to evaluate how the District Attorney Office of Brazil (Ministério Público) has been performing the innovating function of watching over the effective respect of the Public Power and relevant public services regarding the constitutionally right to an ecologically-balanced environment, attributed to it by the Federal Constitution of 1988, wish specific focus on environmental licensing processes. With such purpose, based on the case study methodology, a collection of data within official bodies (District Attorney of São Paulo State, Environmental Protection Agency of the State of São Paulo, Judiciary Power, Mine and Electricity Ministry, National Agency of Energy and Electricity) has been performed, as well as interviews with representative players of the involved segments, legislative and bibliographic reviews. Choice of case study was determined by the scope definition of space and time: researches were limited to the State of São Paulo, to the environmental licensing procedures conducted by the State Environmental Protection Agency and the performance of the District Attorney of São Paulo State, in the period comprehended between 2001 and 2006. Main findings include the fact that, due to the unique role of responsibilities and authority given to the District Attorney Office of Brazil by the Federal Constitution of 1988, it is responsible to promote the effectiveness of the environmental protection legislation as well as acting alternatively to the Judiciary System in the resolution of environmentally-based conflicts and the uncontroversial relevance of its role on the protection of the environment. However, when analyzing its role on the monitoring of environmental licensing processes conducted by the administrative licensing authorities, it was also identified that new conflicts with the Public Administration arise, with reflexes on all actors involved in the environmental licensing process. Purposes for its solution are analyzed in this work.
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Soares, Alexandre Silva. "JUSTIÇA, AMBIENTE E ETNICIDADE: O controle judicial das licenças ambientais lesivas a grupos étnicos." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2015. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/663.
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-06The dissertation investigates the criteria used by the judiciary for the trial of disputes concerning the environmental licensing of projects identified as harmful to ethnic groups, especially indigenous and quilombo communities. By adopting as theoretical works of François Ost, Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu, we proceeded to initially examine the construction of the legal discourse on the environment, from the examination of the legal and constitutional order; then proceeded to the examination of the theme of ethnic identities in the Constitution, as well as its relationship with the protection of the environment, specifically analyzing the environmental licensing instrument, about the administrative actions of control of natural resources, along with the legalization public policies on the environment. We conducted case studies of three projects (HPPs Belo Monte, Teles Pires and the transposition of the river São Francisco) from the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court brasilian, proposing to reflect on the decision criteria effectively adopted.
A dissertação investiga os critérios utilizados pelo Poder Judiciário para o julgamento dos conflitos relativos ao licenciamento ambiental de empreendimentos apontados como lesivos a grupos étnicos, especialmente indígenas e remanescentes de comunidades de quilombos. Ao adotar como referenciais teóricos as obras de François Ost, Michel Foucault e Pierre Bourdieu, procedeu-se inicialmente à análise da construção do discurso jurídico sobre o meio ambiente, a partir do exame do ordenamento jurídico-constitucional; em seguida, procedeu-se ao exame do tema das identidades étnicas na Constituição de 1988, bem como sua relação com a proteção ao ambiente, especificamente analisando o instrumento do licenciamento ambiental, quanto à atuação administrativa de controle dos recursos naturais, ao lado da judicialização de políticas públicas em matéria de meio ambiente. Realizouse o estudo de casos de três empreendimentos (UHEs Belo Monte, Teles Pires e a Transposição do rio São Francisco) a partir da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal, propondo-se a reflexão sobre os critérios decisórios efetivamente adotados.
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Artigas, Priscila Santos. "Contribuição ao estudo das medidas compensatórias em direito ambiental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-15052013-163336/.
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Este trabalho estuda o instituto das medidas compensatórias como uma nova obrigação imposta pelo direito aos empreendimentos com potencial de causar impactos negativos ao meio ambiente. A pesquisa do tema se deu de forma crítica, enfrentando as contradições do sistema econômico vigente. Verificou-se que as medidas compensatórias emergiram da mais evidente crise ambiental ou à crescente escassez dos recursos naturais, buscando, ao mesmo tempo, a proteção ambiental e a manutenção do sistema de mercado. Procurando a melhor funcionalidade das medidas, pretendeu-se demonstrar que elas não se equiparam a uma forma de reparação por dano futuro, tampouco se enquadram necessariamente em uma espécie tributária; podem, como quis o Supremo Tribunal Federal, ser chamadas de compartilhamento de despesas entre o Poder Público e os empreendedores pelos custos da utilização dos recursos naturais no processo produtivo. Na verdade, em razão de serem dotadas das características da transversalidade e da interdisciplinaridade, as medidas compensatórias apresentam-se com diversas facetas, podendo mostrar características predominantes de mecanismos de comando e controle, como também de instrumentos econômicos. Assim, concluiu-se nesta tese ser um instituto híbrido, não enquadrável em uma categoria jurídica estanque. Verificou-se, ainda, ser necessária uma análise estrutural a fim de serem eficazes. Nesse sentido, propôs-se a sua instituição por normas primárias, nas quais se fixem padrões mínimos e com critérios objetivos de aplicação. Para tanto concluir, o estudo partiu dos debates já travados, tanto pela jurisprudência quanto pela doutrina, acerca da constitucionalidade, metodologia de cálculo e natureza jurídica de uma das medidas compensatórias, chamada compensação ambiental, instituída pela Lei nº 9.985/2000 (Lei do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação-SNUC). A partir daí, buscou-se demonstrar o processo subjacente à edição de normas ambientais, recaindo nos princípios do Direito Ambiental, dentre eles o importante princípio do poluidor-pagador, cuja premissa é internalizar os custos pela utilização dos recursos naturais no processo produtivo, para não serem assumidos pelo Poder Público e por toda a coletividade. Ainda, buscou-se diferenciar os conceitos de dano ambiental e de impacto negativo ao meio ambiente, porquanto as medidas compensatórias visam a compensar o meio ambiente pelos impactos negativos, significando uma perda aceita, prevista e gerenciada; o dano ambiental, por sua vez, é algo intolerável, indesejado e, por isso, objeto de reparação civil objetiva, de responsabilidade administrativa e, ainda, da penalização criminalThis paper studies the institution of compensatory measures, considered as a new obligation imposed by law for projects with the potential to cause adverse environmental impacts. The theme was investigated critically, facing the contradictions of the current economic system. In this regard, we verified compensatory measures instituted to cope with an increasingly apparent environmental crisis and the growing shortage of natural resources, while seeking environmental protection and maintenance of the market. In the search for a better functionality of the measures, we sought to demonstrate that they do not represent a form of compensation for future damages, nor do they necessarily fall within the range of any legitimate taxation. In fact, these measures were adopted by the Supreme Court more as a sharing of costs between government and entrepreneurs for the use of natural resources in the production process. Fundamentally, the compensatory measures of this instrument, equipped with characteristics of transversality and interdisciplinarity, present different aspects, which can deploy features to carry out command and control mechanisms, as well as economic instruments. Our thesis has therefore led us to the conclusion that this instrument is not readily classifiable under any isolated legal category, and should be looked upon as a hybrid mechanism. Nevertheless, we considered that a structural analysis was necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the measures. In this respect, we proposed it be instituted on primary norms, with the establishment of minimum standards and objective application criteria. This required starting with debates conducted in jurisprudence and doctrine over the constitutionality, method of calculation, and legal nature of a compensatory measure called environmental compensation, established by Law No. 9.985/2000 (Law of the National System of Conservation Units, SNUC). From there, we sought to demonstrate the process behind the issuing of environmental standards falling within the principles of environmental law; among which the important polluter pays principle, which is premised on the environmental externalities of economic activities that use natural resources, and prevents that pollution costs be borne by Government and, ultimately, by the whole community. We went on by delimiting the concepts of environmental damage and negative environmental impact, considering that compensatory measures aim at providing compensation for adverse impacts, which signify accepted, provided and managed losses. Environmental damage, in turn, is something unacceptable and undesirable, and must therefore be subject to civil liability, as well as criminal penalties.
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Morais, Filipe de. "Gestão do patrimônio arqueológico em contexto minerário: construindo um modelo a partir do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6816.
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Previous issue date: 2015-08-12Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
This dissertation, entitled Management of Archaeological Heritage in a Mining Context: Building a Model from the Brazilian Legal System", aims to propose a technical-scientific model for environmental licensing of potentially harmful mining activities regarding the speleological heritage in cases where it contains evidence of archaeological materials (lithics, ceramics, hearths or rock art) showing the presence of ancient indigenous occupations. Based on discussion of the theoretical, conceptual, methodological and legal bases, the text focuses on the possible interaction between the speleological comprising aspects of the physical and biotic environment, as natural environmental assets and the archaeological heritage comprising the signatures anthropogenic the past, such as cultural environmental assets. From this point of view, we propose a technical-scientific model for cultural resource management studies linked to environmental licensing of mining activities that may impact the natural cavities as natural and cultural environmental assets
Esta dissertação de mestrado intitulada Gestão do Patrimônio Arqueológico em Contexto Minerário: construindo um modelo a partir do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro tem por objetivo construir e propor um modelo técnico-científico para o licenciamento ambiental de empreendimentos minerários potencialmente lesivos ao patrimônio ambiental espeleológico qualificado pela presença de evidências ou indícios de materiais arqueológicos (líticos, cerâmicas, estruturas de combustão ou arte rupestre) que demonstram a presença de antigas ocupações indígenas. A partir da discussão das bases teóricas, conceituais, metodológicas e jurídicas, o texto foca a interação possível entre o patrimônio espeleológico que compreende os aspectos do meio físico e biótico, como bens ambientais naturais e o patrimônio ambiental arqueológico que compreende as assinaturas antrópicas do passado, como bens ambientais culturais. A partir dessa colocação, é proposto um modelo técnico-científico para os estudos de arqueologia preventiva vinculados ao licenciamento ambiental de empreendimentos minerários que possam impactar as cavidades naturais como bens patrimoniais ambientais naturais e culturais
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Falcão, Cristina. "Construção de grandes empreendimentos hidrelétricos: aspectos regulatórios, ambientais e principiológicos: o caso da UHE São Manoel." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18077.
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A partir de um trabalho descritivo e analítico da estrutura regulatória destinada ao planejamento da expansão da capacidade de geração de energia hidrelétrica e da inserção do paradigma ambiental em tais políticas, tendo como balizador um caso concreto ‒ a construção da UHE São Manoel ‒ esta dissertação almeja questionar se os caminhos trilhados pelos órgãos públicos responsáveis pelo planejamento do setor elétrico e pela avaliação de impactos ambientais causados pela implantação de grandes empreendimentos hidrelétricos são capazes de sustentar a deferência técnica necessária ao desenvolvimento regular dos projetos definidos e desenhados para a expansão da capacidade de geração de energia hidrelétrica. Mais do que a correção técnica dos estudos desenvolvidos, a crença da sociedade na imparcialidade dos órgãos públicos envolvidos em todo o longo processo técnico (de engenharia e ambiental) para instalação de empreendimentos hidrelétricos ‒ pressupondo-se que não haja a contaminação por decisões políticas anteriores ‒ é essencial para que se garanta estabilidade ao processo de expansão almejado pelo Poder Público. Assim, no decorrer deste estudo se questiona a existência de um procedimento administrativo eficaz ‒ seja na fase de planejamento, seja no processo de licenciamento ambiental ‒ para prevenção de controvérsias entre os vários interessados no processo de licenciamento ambiental. Por fim, ao analisar ações judiciais que discutem o processo de licenciamento ambiental da UHE São Manoel, identifica-se que as questões técnicas são relegadas a segundo plano, dando-se ênfase à utilização de princípios constitucionais e ambientais utilizados para justificar qualquer argumento ‒ seja a favor, ou seja contra ‒ em relação à construção de uma usina hidrelétrica.
From a descriptive and analytical work of the regulatory structure built to planning the expansion of the hydroelectric power generation capacity and the insertion of the environmental paradigm in such policies, having as a focal point a concrete case - the construction of the HPP São Manoel, this dissertation aims to question whether the paths taken by public agencies - responsible for planning the electric sector and assessing the environmental impacts caused by the implementation of large hydroelectric projects - are capable of sustaining the technical deference necessary for the regular development of projects defined and designed for the expansion of hydropower generation capacity.More important than the technical correction of the studies carried out by public branchs, is the society's belief in the impartiality of the studies involved in the whole technical process (engineering and environmental) for the installation of hydroelectric projects, assuming that there is no contamination by political decisions. This belief is essential to guarantee stability to the expansion process desired by the Government. Thus, in the course of this study, is questioned the existence of an effective administrative procedure, either in the planning phase or in the environmental licensing process, to prevent controversy among the various stakeholders in the environmental licensing process. Finally, analyzing lawsuits that discuss the environmental licensing process of the HPP São Manoel, we identify that technical issues are relegated to the background, with emphasis on the use of constitutional and environmental principles, which are used to justify any argument, whether in favor or against, the construction of a hydroelectric plant.
Books on the topic "Law and environmental licensing"
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Great Britain. Department of the Environment. Waste Management Licensing (fees and charges) Scheme 1994. [London]: [Department of the Environment]c[1994], 1994.
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Agency, Ireland Environmental Protection. Integrated pollution control licensing. Ardcavan, Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.
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Agency, Ireland Environmental Protection. Report on IPC Licensing and control 1997. Ardcavan: Environmental Protection Agency, An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil, 1998.
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Agency, Ireland Environmental Protection. Report on IPC Licensing and control 1998. Johnstown Castle Estate, Co. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency, An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil, 1999.
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Report on IPC Licensing and control 1996. Ardcavan: Environmental Protection Agency, An Chníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil, 1997.
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Agency, Ireland Environmental Protection. Report on IPC licensing and control 1995. Ardcavan: Environmental Protection Agency, An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comshaoil, 1996.
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Report on IPC licensing and control 2000. Johnstown Castle Estate, Co. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency, An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil, 2001.
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Agency, Ireland Environmental Protection. Report on IPC Licensing and control 1999. Johnstown Castle Estate, Co. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency, An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil, 2000.
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Agency, Ireland Environmental Protection. Integrated pollution control licensing. Ardcavan: Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.
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Agency, Ireland Environmental Protection. Integrated pollution control licensing: BATNEEC guidance note for electroplating operations. Wexford: Environmental Protection Agency, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Law and environmental licensing"
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DiMatteo, Larry A. "Intellectual Property Rights and Licensing." In International Business Law and the Legal Environment, 553–616. fourth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003036289-20.
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Dombert, Matthias. "Poland as an example for the harmonization of European law — the environmental and planning law requirements for the licensing of intensive animal farms." In Environmental Protection in the European Union, 15–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09714-4_2.
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Deveaux, Tim. "Housing licensing." In Bassett’s Environmental Health Procedures, 349–59. Ninth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Routledge, [2020]: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429060847-13.
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Kianzad, Behrang. "Compulsory Licensing." In Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, 1–4. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_772-1.
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Harrison, I. H. "The Licensing System." In The Law on Medicines, 45–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4141-0_4.
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Maume, Philipp. "Compulsory Licensing in Germany." In MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 95–120. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54704-1_6.
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Beales, J. Howard. "Licensing and Certification Systems." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law, 1236–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74173-1_234.
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Shan, Xiaoguang. "Compulsory Licensing in Chinese Patent Law." In Patents and Technological Progress in a Globalized World, 127–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88743-0_11.
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Kamøy, Kristin. "Licensing systems and ensuring compliance." In Diversity of Law in the United Arab Emirates, 106–29. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429325175-8.
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Köklü, Kaya. "Individual Licensing of Copyrighted Works." In MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 177–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53809-8_10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Law and environmental licensing"
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Rotaru, Ioan, and Adrian Jelev. "Public Debates: Key Issue in the Environmental Licensing Process for the Completion of Cernavoda 2 NPP." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4525.
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Societatea Nationala “NUCLEARELECTRICA” S.A., the owner of Cernavoda NPP, organized, in 2001, several public consultations related to environmental impact of the completion of the Cernavoda 2 NPP, as required by the Romanian environmental law, part of project approva. Public consultations on the environmental assessment for the completion of the Cernavoda NPP - Unit 2 took place between 15.08.2001–21.09.2001 in accordance with the provisions of Law No. 137/95 and Order No. 125/96. Romanian environmental legislation, harmonization of national environmental legislation with European Union, Romanian legislative requirements, information distributed to the public, issues raised and follow-up, they all are topics highlighted by this paper and they are addressing the environmental licensing process of the Cernavoda 2 NPP.
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Engelhardt, H. J., M. Kreienmeyer, C. Lerch, N. Mu¨ller-Hoeppe, R. Ko¨ster, G. Eilers, and J. Preuss. "A Constitutive Law of Salt Concrete Used for Closure of an LILW-Repository." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4570.
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The Repository of LILW Radioactive Waste Morsleben (ERAM) is located in the Federal State Saxony Anhalt, Germany. After an operational phase of about 20 years it is now under licensing for closure. As the repository was erected in a former salt mine, there exists a void volume of approx. 6 million m3. Consequently, a closure concept was developed serving three main functional requirements: stabilization, limitation of leaching processes and sealing. It relies on a comprehensive backfilling of the openings using two mixtures of salt concretes. The concretes will be used to backfill cavities as well as to construct seals. As the salt concretes are used in the sense of a mass concrete the heat of hydration induces thermal restraint stresses inside the concrete bodies and the neighboring rocks. To show the integrity of the geological and technical barriers thermo-mechanical computations were carried out. In the numerical code which is used for safety analyses a so-called hydration model was implemented describing the evolution of strength and Young’s modulus of the concretes in relation to the degree of hydration. The hydration model includes a transformation of the temperature-dependent setting process from real time into an equivalent age, which is equal to the setting time at a temperature of 293 K. Thereafter, a coupling of the equivalent age to the degree of hydration leads to a temperature-independent description of the setting process. As the hydration of concretes strongly correlates with the amount of the generated hydration heat, the model parameters were derived from laboratory tests including measurements of the adiabatic temperature rise.
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Park, JooWan, Chang-Lak Kim, Jin Beak Park, Eun Yong Lee, Youn Myoung Lee, Chul Hyung Kang, Wei Zhou, and Matthew W. Kozak. "An Integrated Safety Assessment System for Near-Surface Disposal of Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste in Korea." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4616.
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An integrated safety assessment system to be used for evaluation of near-surface disposal concept has been developed within the framework of safety assessment methodology taken for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste disposal in Korea. It is to provide an evaluation of the safety of the disposal system in a clear, comprehensive and well-documented manner, and to integrate the results into a defensible package showing reasonable assurance of compliance with regulatory requirements for licensing application. This system is made up of two key components, a system-level safety assessment code and an input database/quality assurance module for safety assessment, which both are interfaced with each other.
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Kugel, Karin, Peter Brennecke, Stefan Steyer, Detlef Gruendler, Wilma Boetsch, and Claudia Haider. "Characterization of Radioactive Wastes With Respect to Harmful Materials." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96134.
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In addendum 4 to the license of the German KONRAD repository, which considers mainly radiological aspects, a water law permit was issued in order to prevent the pollution of the near-surface groundwater. The water law permit stipulates limitations for 10 radionuclides and 2 groups of radionuclides as well as mass limitations for 94 substances and materials relevant for water protection issues. Two collateral clauses, i.e. additional requirements imposed by the licensing authority, include demands on the monitoring, registering and balancing of non-radioactive harmful substances and materials /1/. In order to fulfill the requirements of the water law permit the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) being the operator of the KONRAD repository has developed a concept, which ensures the compliance with all requirements of the water law permit and which provides standardized easy manageable guidance for the waste producers to describe their wastes. On 15 March 2011 the competent water authority, the “Niedersaechsischer Landesbetrieb fuer Wasserwirtschaft, Kuesten- und Naturschutz” (NLWKN) issued the approval for this concept. Being the most essential part of this concept the procedural method and the developed description of non-radioactive waste package constituents by use of standardized lists of materials and containers is addressed and presented in this paper. The waste producer has to describe his waste package in a standardized way on the base of the lists of materials and containers. For each material in the list a comprehensive description is given comprising the composition, scope of application, quality control measures, thresholds and other data. Each entry in the list has to be approved by NLWKN. The scope of the lists is defined by the waste producers’ needs. Using some particular materials as examples, the approval procedure for including materials in the list is described. The procedure of describing the material composition has to be considered in the KONRAD waste acceptance requirements. The respective part of these requirements will be introduced. In order to clarify the procedure of describing waste packages by use of the standardized lists of materials and containers some examples of typical waste package descriptions will be presented.
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Andrei, Veronica, Florin Glodeanu, Ioan Rotaru, and Ioana Daian. "Current Status of the New Spent Fuel Dry Storage Facility in Romania." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1159.
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Abstract The Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), in commercial operation since 1996, produces more than 10% of the electricity produced in Romania. Recently, the Romanian Government declared its commitment for completion of a second reactor of the CANDU design, under construction on the Cernavoda site. The annual spent fuel arising from a CANDU reactor is about 100tU. The current policy for spent fuel management as practiced by the plant owner is to store it in the reactor bay for minimum six years and in a dry storage facility for a minimum of 50 years. For geological disposal of spent fuel, the “wait and see” strategy is considered the best approach, as Romania has a relative low scale nuclear program and wants to benefit by the international progress in this field. The construction of a new spent fuel dry storage facility located in the vicinity of the nuclear power reactor site represents a main priority for the next three years. The site of this facility will accommodate two nuclear units’ inventories of spent fuel for the entire planned lifetime. An international public-limited tender was organized to select the supplier of the dry storage technology in early 2001. The tenderer was asked to propose a proven and licensed technology capable of storing CANDU spent fuel according to specified design parameters and safety and environmental requirements. Design, construction, operation or licensing legal specific requirements for such a facility is generally not established and other already existing national requirements are applicable to a limited degree. Taking into account the different approaches and iterative processes required for Romanian authorities to regulate the nuclear activities for different fields, this paper considers the realistic path forward. The current status and main aspects of the development and licensing of the new nuclear facility in Romania is presented in this paper.
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Wollrath, Ju¨rgen, Ju¨rgen Preuss, Dirk-A. Becker, and Jo¨rg Mo¨nig. "Numerical Assessment of the Long-Term Safety of the Morsleben Repository for Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16346.
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The Morsleben repository has been in operation since 1971 as a repository for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste. Until the end of the disposal phase in 1998 a waste volume of about 37,000 m3 with a total activity of 4.5·1014 Bq was disposed of. Currently, the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) is applying for the licence to finally close the repository. Concerning the possible release of radionuclides to the biosphere, the repository is subject to German radiation protection regulations. Their fulfilment has to be proven by means of numerical calculations as a part of the safety case. A simplified repository model has been developed by GRS and used for calculating the consequences of different scenarios and variants, as well as for a probabilistic uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. The application for licensing is, among others, based on these results. In this paper the main features of the model and the underlying assumptions, as well as the most important calculation results are presented and explained.
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Blommaert, W., K. Mannaerts, S. Pepin, and B. Dehandschutter. "Application of an Environmental Remediation Methodology: Theory vs. Practice—Reflections and Two Belgian Case Studies." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59184.
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Like in many countries, polluted industrial sites also exist in Belgium. Although the contamination is purely chemical in most cases, they may also contain a radioactive component. For chemically contaminated sites, extensive regulations and methodologies were already developed and applied by the different regional authorities. However and essentially because radioactivity is a federal competence, there was also a necessity for developing a legal federal framework (including an ER-methodology [1]) for remediation of radioactive contaminated sites. Most of the so-called radioactive contaminated sites are exhibiting a mixed contamination (chemical and radiological), and hence the development of such methodology had to be in line with the existing (regional) ones concerning chemical contamination. Each authority having their own responsibilities with regard to the type of contamination, this makes it more complicated and time-consuming finding the best solution satisfying all involved parties. To overcome these difficulties the legal framework and methodology — including the necessary involvement of the stakeholders and delineation of each party’s responsibilities — has to be transparent, clear and unambiguous. Once the methodology is developed as such and approved, the application of it is expected to be more or less easy, logic and straightforward. But is this really true? The aim of this document is to investigate as well the impact of factors such as the type of radioactive contamination — levels of contamination, related to NORM activity or not, homogeneous or heterogeneous, the differences in licensing procedures,… — on the application of the developed methodology and what could be the consequences in the long run on the remediation process. Two existing case studies in Belgium will be presented ([2]). The first case deals with a historical radium contaminated site, the second one with a phosphate processing facility still in operation, both with (very) low levels of radioactivity but containing very large volumes of contaminated materials. These case studies will demonstrate that, although the applied methodology will be the same in both cases, the impact of e.g. sampling strategy, scenario definitions, modelisations, final destination of the land, presence of chemotoxic components, dose or risk assessments, uncertainties, derivation of clean-up radionuclide guidelines, stakeholder involvement and waste treatment could be important on licensing, cost-estimate, planning and final outcome of the environmental remediation activities to be executed.
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Alspaugh, Thomas A., and Walt Scacchi. "Licensing security." In 2012 Fifth International Workshop on Requirements Engineering and Law (RELAW). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/relaw.2012.6347799.
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Hanusik, V., Z. Kusovska, J. Moravek, J. Balaz, and O. Chren. "Radiological Impact of Co-Location of the VLLW and LILW Repository at Mochovce Site." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59152.
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JAVYS, the Slovak Nuclear Decommissioning Company, the owner and operator of National Radioactive Waste Repository (NRR) at Mochovce, is planning the enlargement of the existing NRR. The enlargement consists of the construction of new structures (double rows) like the ones existing for Low and Intermediate Level Waste (LILW) and of a new facility for the disposal of Very Low Level Waste (VLLW). A VLLW disposal site is being planned in Mochovce where a LILW disposal site is already located. As a part of ongoing licensing process for this change in utilization of the NRR we have updated the already existing assessment of potential radiological impact to members of the public after closure of the site, both from the migration of leachate in groundwater from the site and from possible inadvertent intrusion into the site, including future residential development on material excavated for the construction of a road. The radionuclides from the groundwater reach the biosphere through a stream flowing into the lake. It is conservatively assumed that individual in the critical group uses biosphere of the lake (for irrigations, fishing and recreation). In the case of unintentional intrusion into the repository, the exposed group consists of a small number of workers who excavate or examine repository materials. The assessment is based on preliminary conceptual design for VLLW module, estimation of future volumes for the different waste classes and their radiological inventories and considers some common aspects and potential interactions between both disposal systems, such as radiological criteria, critical group definition, institutional period, site environment, total activity inventory.
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Prince, Robert E., Victor Magnus, and James W. Latham. "Lessons Learned Siting and Successfully Operating Two Large L/ILW Disposal Facilities in the U.S." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4835.
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This paper addresses the experience, knowledge, and expertise that Duratek has acquired while performing environmental remediation at two large low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) disposal facilities in the United States. Environmental remediation and related waste disposal has been the company’s primary line of business line since it was founded in 1969. It has disposed of more than half of the low-level radioactive waste generated in the U.S. over the past thirty years, working with almost every radioactive waste generator in the country. That experience has allowed the company to develop a unique understanding of safe, efficient, and cost-effective LLRW disposal methods. The paper also tracks the history of waste disposal technology at the Barnwell Disposal Site in South Carolina and the U.S. Department of Energy Environmental Restoration Disposal Facility (ERDF) at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. In particular, it describes the evolution of trench design, operations, and disposal procedures for these facilities. It also discusses the licensing of one the most active waste disposal sites in the U.S., the success of which has been assured to customers and stake-holders because of: • Well trained personnel who are dedicated to the design, construction and operation of safe and efficient disposal facilities; • Commitment to strong community relations; • Comprehensive knowledge of proven disposal strategies, technologies, and management practices; • Capability and readiness to respond rapidly to routine and emergency situations; • Established record of comprehensive and responsive communications with regulatory authorities; • Commitment to quality, compliance and personnel health, and safety; and • Financial systems that ensure long-term facilities management.
Reports on the topic "Law and environmental licensing"
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Bagley, Margo. Genome Editing in Latin America: CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003409.
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The power and promise of genome editing, CRISPR specifically, was first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s.i Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life.i In the last few years, we have seen the development of a diverse set of CRISPR-based technologies that has revolutionized genome manipulation.ii Enabling a more diverse set of actors than has been seen with other emerging technologies to redefine research and development for biotechnology products encompassing food, agriculture, and medicine.ii Currently, the CRISPR community encompasses over 40,000 authors at 20,000 institutions that have documented their research in over 20,000 published and peer-reviewed studies.iii These CRISPR-based genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for the breeding of crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly help address the effects of climate change.i These promises however, come along-side concerns of environmental and socio-economic risks associated with CRISPR-based genome editing, and concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with the technological development and are ill-equipped, or not well suited, to evaluate these risks. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) launched an initiative in 2020 to understand the complexities of these new tools, their potential impacts on the LAC region, and how IDB may best invest in its potential adoption and governance strategies. This first series of discussion documents: “Genome Editing in Latin America: Regulatory Overview,” and “CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy” are part of this larger initiative to examine the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. Focusing on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, they set the stage for a deeper analysis of the issues they present which will be studied over the course of the next year through expert solicitations in the region, the development of a series of crop-specific case studies, and a final comprehensive regional analysis of the issues discovered.
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Saha, Amrita, Jodie Thorpe, Keir Macdonald, and Kelbesa Megersa. Linking Business Environment Reform with Gender and Inclusion: A Study of Business Licensing Reform in Indonesia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.001.
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Business environment reform (BER) targets inadequate business regulations. It is intended to remove constraints to business investment, enabling growth and job creation, and create opportunities for international business to contribute to and benefit from this growth. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge of the impact of BER on gender and inclusion (G&I). While a review of existing literature suggests that in general, there is no direct link between BER and G&I, indirect links are likely through the influence of BER on firm performance. Outcomes will be influenced by the differential ways in which women-led firms experience the business environment when compared to their male counterparts, with disparities based on how they are treated under the law, as well as structural and sociocultural factors. The fact that in many countries, female-led firms are fewer and smaller than those of their male counterparts, and may operate in different sectors, also affects these dynamics. This research offers new insights through an in-depth analysis of the impact of the Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (PTSP) or one-stop shop business licensing reform in 2009 on firm performance in Indonesia, and how these impacts vary based on the gender of firm leadership. The results find that on average, firms benefited from improved business performance (sales), as a direct or indirect effect of this reform, as well as an increase in the number of medium and large-scale firms. Outside Jakarta (Bali, Banten, Lampung), women-led firms experienced a small but significant benefit relative to male-led firms, related to both sales and the number of medium and large-scale firms they run. In Jakarta, women-led firms continued to lag behind men and there were no significant effects on employment, and this held across province and gender. These findings are based on an analysis of the PTSP reform using data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), a survey of small, medium and large firms (i.e. with more than four employees) which took place in Indonesia between 2009 and 2015.
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Maurer, Stephen, and Suzanne Scotchmer. Profit Neutrality in Licensing: The Boundary between Antitrust Law and Patent Law. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10546.
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Revesz, Richard, and Robert Stavins. Environmental Law and Policy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13575.
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Cadwell, J. J. Lectures notes for introduction to environmental law. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10154321.
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Cadwell, Jerry J. Lecture Notes for Introduction to Environmental Law. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5173476.
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Boelaert-Suominen, Sonja A. J. International Environmental Law and Naval War Newport paper no. 15. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada422385.
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GONCHAROVA, OKSANA. Electronic methodical manual «Methodological guidelines for the implementation of practical classes in the discipline "Environmental law" for students of the specialty 40.02.02 "Law enforcement" of secondary vocational education institutions». SIB-Expertise, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0442.18052021.
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Guidelines for the implementation of practical classes in the discipline " Environmental Law "are intended for students of the specialty 40.02.02" Law enforcement " of secondary vocational education institutions. The purpose of the guidelines is to provide a clear organization of practical classes in the discipline, to create an opportunity for students who were absent from the practical lesson to independently perform the work, to issue a report and to protect the work in a timely manner.
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Kuiken, Todd, and Jennifer Kuzma. Genome Editing in Latin America: Regional Regulatory Overview. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003410.
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The power and promise of genome editing, CRISPR specifically, was first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s.3 Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life.3 In the last few years, we have seen the development of a diverse set of CRISPR-based technologies that has revolutionized genome manipulation.4 Enabling a more diverse set of actors than has been seen with other emerging technologies to redefine research and development for biotechnology products encompassing food, agriculture, and medicine.4 Currently, the CRISPR community encompasses over 40,000 authors at 20,000 institutions that have documented their research in over 20,000 published and peer-reviewed studies.5 These CRISPR-based genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for the breeding of crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly help address the effects of climate change.4 These promises however, come along-side concerns of environmental and socio-economic risks associated with CRISPR-based genome editing, and concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with the technological development and are ill-equipped, or not well suited, to evaluate these risks. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) launched an initiative in 2020 to understand the complexities of these new tools, their potential impacts on the LAC region, and how IDB may best invest in its potential adoption and governance strategies. This first series of discussion documents: “Genome Editing in Latin America: Regulatory Overview,” and “CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy” are part of this larger initiative to examine the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. Focusing on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, they set the stage for a deeper analysis of the issues they present which will be studied over the course of the next year through expert solicitations in the region, the development of a series of crop-specific case studies, and a final comprehensive regional analysis of the issues discovered.
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Ciurej, Amanda. Finding of No Significant Impact & Tiered Environmental Assessment: Public Law 84-99 Rehabilitation Program Dry Creek Flood Risk Reduction Project Hawarden, Sioux County, Iowa. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada617475.
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