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1
Grice, Christine. "Interview: Gender Imbalance in the Law." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v45i3.4951.
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Following the release of the Auckland Women Lawyers' Association funded research Women's career progression in Auckland law firms: Views from the top, views from below, the Executive Director and past-President of the New Zealand Law Society, Christine Grice, did some research into the situation of women QCs. She explored the issues facing senior women lawyers in an interview with Kathryn Ryan on "Nine to Noon" on 10 March 2014. On 6 June 2014, the 14 new QCs announced, included four women, with the Attorney-General saying: "I am aware there are very talented women in the profession who remain reticent about putting their names forward and I hope to see increasing numbers represented in the future."
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Jialu, Song. "The Development of Contemporary Women’s Issues." SHS Web of Conferences 155 (2023): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315502014.
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With the rapid development of the world economy, human thinking and ideas are also progressing. Today’s society should break the gender dichotomy and popularize women’s right to education. Compared with the feudal society, women’s issues in today’s society have made great progress, but there are still some serious social problems. This paper discusses women’s issues in education, reproduction and gender, and how contemporary women’s issues have evolved. In order to solve the problem of women, we should first eliminate the influence of the patriarchal culture. Although gender culture has a certain lag, its development needs the joint efforts of the whole society. After the whole society generally pays attention to women’s issues, there will be more outstanding women, which is more conducive to the development of the society.
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Kiram, Muhammad Zawil. "Gender and Family in Modern Acehnese Society." Jurnal Sosiologi USK (Media Pemikiran & Aplikasi) 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 126–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jsu.v14i1.16794.
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Since it was declared as one of the crucial issues in the Sustainable Development Goals agenda by the United Nations, gender equality has entered every country including in the Acehnese family. As a province that implements Islamic law and rich in local wisdom, Aceh has its own perspective in responding to the issue of gender equality. Although in the past (in terms of religion and culture) Aceh recognized the existence of the same position between men and women in the family, in its implementation gender equality has not achieved completely. The cultural shift and understanding of Acehnese society towards gender, which is considered as an ideology from the West, has become one of the big walls in the realization of gender equality in the family. The culture of the society that stigmatizes men as weak people if they are involved in domestic affairs also plays a major role. In addition, the most influential thing is the absence of gender-based education both in families and social institutions in Acehnese society, therefore the generation that grows continues to develop with the same understanding as their predecessors which resulted in the discourse of gender equality in modern Aceh society being a mere delusion.
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Brown, Julie C. "Exploring Contemporary Issues in Genetics & Society." American Biology Teacher 75, no. 9 (November 1, 2013): 692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2013.75.9.11.
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In this two-part activity, high school biology students examine human karyotyping, sex-chromosome-linked disorders, and the relationship between biological sex and gender. Through interactive simulations and a structured discussion lab, students create a human karyotype and diagnose chromosomal disorders in hypothetical patients, as well as formulate a scientifically based argument distinguishing biological sex from gender. This activity reinforces biology concepts such as DNA structure and function, meiosis, and the inheritance of traits. In their arguments, students integrate prior knowledge with science content. This lesson connects the world of science with issues important in their own lives.
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Nugraheni, Laksana Arum, Asmin Fransiska, and Putu Devi Kusumawardani. "The dynamics of customary inheritance law from the perspective of gender equality in Klungkung District-Bali." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, no. 1 (February 14, 2022): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i1.1601.
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The current development and reform in society and government at the local and national levels have made customary law less strict than before. These developments influence also the inheritances law based on customary law. Inheritance disputes or their unequal distributions impacted the marginalization of certain groups, such as women or girls. There has been a shift in the opinion among society regarding women's inequality related to access to inheritance. Several developments of the notion of gender equality have been and are being stipulated in laws and regulations. The gender dimension interacts with other social values in society, and it is related to the social structure as a whole. This research aims to shed a light on the dynamics of customary inheritance law in terms of women's inheritance rights with the perspective of gender equality in Klungkung, Bali. The issues that will be explored are related to the inheritance law focusing on access to civil rights, i.e. women's inheritance rights, after the Decision of Bali MUDP Number 01/Kep/Psm-3/MDP Bali/X/2010 and the Supreme Court Jurisprudence Number 3/Yur/Pdt/2018 was issued. This study was conducted through juridical and sociological methods. From the sociological perspective of gender based on the critical paradigm, the power relations based on gender and social reality among women and men can be analyzed. The gender relations according to the sociological analysis are not only the social relations among women and men but also the power relations in social life. Primary data was collected using interviews and observations in 3 (three) sub-districts in Klungkung, Bali, and secondary data was obtained through a literature review of gender and customary inheritance law.
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Khairulina, Nailia, and Hanna Dubova. "Gender and Law Culture of Future Law Enforcement Specialists." Education and Pedagogical Sciences, no. 2 (177) (2021): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2747-2021-2(177)-35-46.
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The article considers the semiotic nature of gender and law culture, focuses on the synthetic nature of this term, and provides alternative definitions of such concepts as «gender» and «culture». Highlighting the essence of the proposed word from a semiotic perspective, the authors of the article give examples of the main elements that form the paradigm of gender and law culture. The practical part of the article is devoted to analyzing the proposed phenomenon as a psychological and pedagogical problem. Taking into account that modern conditions of social development are associated with changing social and economic, and criminal complications, as a result of which society is interested in the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies operating based on legality, humanism, transparency, the presumption of innocence, resilience, the subject matter of the research is viewed as undeniably topical today. The analysis of the scientific literature in gender and law made it possible to specify the concept of «gender and law culture of future law enforcement professionals», which, in particular, refers to the issues of forming a gender culture of future law enforcement professionals. It is considered to be an integral quality of personality determined by the specifics of law enforcement, reflecting comprehensive knowledge of the nature and legal regulation of gender aspects in current Ukrainian legislation and readiness to ensure further functioning of gender-sensitive practices and principles of non-discrimination in law enforcement activities based on legal attitudes and compliance with official duties.
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Pajvančić, Marijana. "Gender mainstreaming in social and economic development." Tehnika 76, no. 6 (2021): 821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2106821p.
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Public policies in the field of gender equality start from the multisectoral nature of this area, which requires the integration of a gender perspective into public policies in all areas of social life. It is also the obligation of the state prescribed by the Constitution of Serbia to pursue a policy of equal opportunities and take measures in order to create an environment in which women and men equally decide on issues important for their position and the development of society. In this context, the new approach to public policies in which the development of society is projected and measures important for overcoming the gender gap and achieving gender equality are reflected through two indicators, which are listed in this paper. Starting from these premises, the new Law on Gender Equality and the National Strategy for Gender Equality link gender equality to development issues as a factor in encouraging the overall development of society, which includes sustainable development for all. These policy documents set the framework and opportunities for comprehensive gender mainstreaming in areas where this has been lacking so far.
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Araviashvili, Maia. "GENDER ASPECTS OF INHERITANCE MANAGEMENT IN GEORGIA CULTURAL PRACTICES VS LAW REGULATIONS." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 9, no. 3 (December 20, 2014): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pmc/14.09.183.
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After gaining independence in 1991 Georgia adopted the new constitution, received liberal laws and joined international conventions, which formally guarantee gender equality. However, law regulations do not come in accordance with cultural values, and are not shared by society. Consequently, the problems of gender inequality are still vital issues in Georgian society. Traditionally, informal practice of dowry giving protected women and gave them independence in a new family. Nowadays, in Georgia a daughter and a son formally have equal access to their parent’s inheritance, but there are very rare cases when a woman demands her part of it. This is not justified by society to contend for the inheritance with a brother. Formal institutions are not strong to prevent this economic form of domestic violence. The methodology of the research is complex: expert interviews were recorded and analyzed, to study data about the inheritance registration and court records pertaining to inheritance litigations, the method of content analysis was used; apart from this, ethnographic resources and surveys were examined. The findings of the proposed research article provide a complex picture of this really vital problem still affecting the post-soviet Georgian society. Key words: culture, gender, inheritance, law, and management
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Rayaprol, Aparna, and Sawmya Ray. "Understanding Gender Justice." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 17, no. 3 (October 2010): 335–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097152151001700302.
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The Indian Constitution is a woman-friendly document but institutionalised patriarchy in society at large has made it quite difficult to practice gender equality in courts. The women’s movements in India have been battling with the courts for more than three decades on issues related to various forms of violence against women in both public and private spheres. In this article, the focus is on understanding the perceptions of the lawyers who have been fighting cases related to gender justice as well as working towards changing the law itself. Feminist lawyers have been an integral part of the women’s movement in India and have helped achieve the passage of new laws. The study highlights the problems faced by lawyers and their sense of the challenges involved.
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Kashyap, Amit, and Mohd Jameel. "ACHIEVING GENDER EQUALITY, ECONOMIC JUSTICE AND COMPETITION LAW IN INDIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i3.2018.1498.
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The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) on gender equality can be achieved by mainstreaming a gender perspective and promoting women's economic empowerment. Punjab has almost become synonymous with the low status of women, patriarchal society, feudal customs and values, social polarization along caste lines, high illiteracy, and poverty. The secondary status of women in Punjab coupled with an oppressive caste system and grinding poverty has robbed the women of their rights and a life of dignity, which were envisaged by the framers of the Constitution. The issue of gender equality has acquired a global character, and therefore, there is a need for the Civil Society to actively participate and enable the women to fight for their rights. The United Nations has included the issue of gender mainstreaming in the Millennium Declaration and 'promoting gender equality and empowerment of women' is one of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Improved gender sensitivity could be achieved by adopting a proactive approach towards achieving gender economic justice. Therefore achieving gender equality requires two complementary approaches--mainstreaming a gender perspective and promoting women's economic empowerment.
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SUSILO, EDI, AHMAD ZAHRO, BUDI SANTOSO, and SULTANA MH FARADZ. "Gender Decision Dilemma of Disorders of Sex Development 20222022 (Khunsa) in Islamic Law with Medical Approach." International Journal of Islamic Thought 6 (June 1, 2022): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24035/ijit.21.2022.224.
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Disorder of Sex Development defined as congenital conditions in which the development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sex is atypical. In Islam, gender decision of khunsa is difficult since it still relies on the traditional approach of observing how people urinate and observing the physical features that emerge, whereas gender identity must be determined early because it affects every day worship activities. The goal of this research is to use a medical method to examine the renewal of khunsa gender determination in Islam. The descriptive qualitative analysis method is used in this study. The findings of this study suggest that in Islam, determining khunsa gender through a medical approach is warranty. In Islam, the importance of gender identity is particularly significant in issues of worship, such as congregational prayers, inheritance, aurat limitations, and marriage. Understanding and adjustment of medical diagnosis issues, community culture, and religious law need to be synchronized to improve the quality of life for people with gender ambiguity that do not deviate from religious principles and can be accepted in society without discrimination. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study of combine Islamic law and modern medicine.
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Campbell, Nancy D., and David Herzberg. "Gender and Critical Drug Studies." Contemporary Drug Problems 44, no. 4 (November 16, 2017): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450917738075.
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This introduction to conjoined special issues of Contemporary Drug Problems and Social History of Alcohol and Drugs, the journal of the Alcohol and Drugs History Society, began with a 2015 symposium at the Baldy Center for Law and Social Policy at the University at Buffalo (SUNY), organized by co-editors Nancy D. Campbell and David Herzberg. The symposium called for incorporating gender analysis into the rapidly developing scholarship on drug use, drug trade, drug science, drug treatment, and drug policy in the United States. The special issues showcase articles that are part of a vibrant body of historical, sociological, and anthropological scholarship that explores the differential effects of drug policy, focusing on how gender—in dynamic relationship to race, class, and sexuality—is integral to virtually every aspect of drug crises including (but not limited to) the relationship between drug policy, drug treatment, and the development of mass incarceration. Gender matters at every level from the intimate and highly personalized to the broad cultural and political forces that disparately apportion vulnerability within drug commerce and the U.S. prison–industrial complex.
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Manapsal, Jessie D. "Legal Bases and Issues Concerning Gender and Development in the Philippines." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 1, no. 3 (May 31, 2019): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2019.1.3.12.
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The cry and fight for equality among humans can be seen even during time immemorial. The sex clash between the male and female remains the society's problem wherein the female class is regarded as the weak genus compared to the male species. The females are left to take care of the menial household duties, wherein it is for the taking care of the children, the husband and the family as a whole. The duties of the female class may not be disregarded because they perform one of the most important parts of molding the society for the better future as Agoncillo, 1990, “Women before the coming of the Spaniards enjoyed a unique position in society that their descendants during the Spanish occupation did not enjoy. Customary laws gave them the right to be equal to men, for they could own and inherit property, engage in trade and industry, and succeed in the chieftainship of a barangay without a male heir. Then, too, they have the exclusive right to give names to their children. As a sign of deep respect, the men, when accompanying women, walked behind them”. The historian's note plays an important role in reaping and re-empower the women as acknowledged by no less than the supreme law of the land, which is the 1987 Philippine Constitution. This paper aims to revisit and be reminded about the roles of women in society and how it may even further encourage professional treatment in the workplace and in society; specifically, it will look into: What is the meaning of gender and development? What are the legal bases that support the program of government for gender and development programs? How may the government protect the rights of women? The findings of the study: The government must monitor the implementation of the laws. The government and civil society must collaborate to further promote women’s rights. The government must make sure that the distribution of positions in the government is through merit and fitness. The government must be vigilant for female overseas workers and should see to it that they are not being exploited or their rights are violated by foreign employers. The government should invite the participation of all sectors in the proper observance and implementation of the laws, rules and regulations that promote Gender equality The study presented the legal bases through the available data, primarily government documents. The scope of the research concentrates on the policies affecting the rights and interests of women to compare and analyze through the records and media interviews. A case study is appropriate for this study because researchers have used the case study research method for many years across a variety of disciplines. Social scientists, in particular, have made wide use of this qualitative research method to examine contemporary real-life situations and provide the basis for the application of ideas and extension of methods.
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Jaunait, Alexandre. "Investigating gender in a world of gender consciousness." Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 153, no. 1 (January 2022): 8–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07591063211061759.
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For better or worse, it has become difficult to conduct research in the social sciences without encountering gender, even well beyond fields that specifically focus on it. Since the advent of gender studies as a discipline, the concept has gained momentum both as a social fact and structure of social action, and as the analytic category through which these are conceptualised. This special issue of the BMS is embedded in the idea that the analysis of gender itself is indissociable from the history of the concept, and that the increasing spread of this notion throughout society has an impact on the way(s) gender is investigated. In the space of just a few decades the world has evolved from one in which researchers were working to give consistency to a nameless force, to one which is now gender conscious, where gender is mobilised, criticised, claimed, resisted, and debated. In a gender conscious world, the rules of research are changing. The notion of gender consciousness that is proposed here borrows carefully from research in the sociology of law developed under the name legal consciousness studies (LCS). The fact that there are different definitions of gender that compete with each other does not prevent us from considering that there is gender, and we may even consider that the proliferation of definitions participates in the stability of the social phenomenon we are studying, just as, for the theorists of LCS, the multiple representations of the law contribute to its hegemony. One of the central issues here is the problematization of the dialectic between categories of practice and categories of analysis, with a focus on the methodological and epistemological questions of these studies. This ‘return to the field’ will provide answers to these questions, beginning with a personal summary overview of what feminist epistemologies (I) and feminist methodologies (II) have contributed to social sciences, before moving on to contemporary research questions that emerge through the prism of gender consciousness (III).
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Opromolla, Adriana. "Law, Gender and Religious Belief in Europe: Considerations from a Catholic Perspective." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 9, no. 2 (April 11, 2007): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x07000324.
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In the teaching of the Catholic Church, the institution of marriage derives directly from God, for common good and for the good of spouses and children. Human authorities are called upon not to transform its characteristics and to avoid any attempts to distort them. However, the Church is today confronted with a changing understanding of the notion of ‘gender’ and with new considerations about the meaning of ‘marriage’ on behalf of parts of society and of political institutions. Based on an overview of the recent legislative and political proposals concerning family issues at the European level, this article aims to assess what model of family the Member States of the European Union are developing, and how the traditional concept of marriage could be influenced by this evolution.
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Styazhkina, S. A. "GENDER CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN's CRIME." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 31, no. 5 (October 12, 2021): 904–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2021-31-5-904-910.
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The article deals with the issues of criminological characteristics of female crime, analyzes the data of official statistics. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the causes and conditions of female crime. The paper substantiates the need to study women's crime, study its causes and conditions. The peculiarities of women's crime are determined by the gender status and the role of women in modern society. In this regard, the article analyzes the social characteristics and psychological characteristics of women in modern Russia. Special attention is paid to the prevention of women's crime. It is proposed to develop a national program for the prevention of women's crime. The program should be comprehensive in nature, and also contain a system of interaction between various bodies and services in the prevention of women's crime, ranging from educational institutions to law enforcement agencies.
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Golovinova, Yulya V. "GENDER EQUALITY AS A BASIS FOR HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE AND SOCIETY: SOCIAL AND LEGAL ASPECT." Society and Security Insights 4, no. 4 (January 22, 2022): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/ssi(2021)4-08.
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Within the framework of this publication, an urgent problem is considered - gender equality as a platform for full-fledged sustainable and harmonious development of the state and society in the brow. The author focuses on two aspects, sociological and legal. The article examines the phenomenon of gender equality using the achievements of gender sociology as a special sectoral sociological discipline that studies the processes of development and social interaction of male and female communities. However, the investigated issues are also cognized taking into account the achievements of the theory of law and state and the science of constitutional law. In our opinion, such a positive heuristic synthesis allows us to study the subject of the publication - the principle of gender equality. By the purpose of the work, the author understands an attempt to identify and show social and legal mechanisms that make it possible to eliminate gender asymmetry in relations that are currently demarcated by gender. The publication established that an illegitimate encroachment restricting human rights is a flagrant injustice. In this capacity, equality as a principle of law is nothing more than the ideal of a just structure of the state and society, which is characterized by the comprehensive implementation and protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen. Therefore, equality canonizes parity in the relationship between the individual and the state, discrimination on the part of state bodies with this interpretation is excluded.
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Shcholokova, Olga, Olena Karpenko, Zhanna Petrochko, Vira Kuzmenko, and Tetyana Holubenko. "Effectiveness of Gender Education in Ukraine as the Implementation of the Principle of Gender Parity." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 20, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 306–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.20.11.17.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate gender stereotypes and prejudices that negatively affect women and men. It is important that students be aware of gender issues and are able to critically reflect on their own prejudices and gender "matrices" of the education system in the context of ‘gender v sex’. A questionnaire was the main method of data collection. A sociological survey, "Students on the problems of gender equality" was conducted at V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University (Ukraine). The survey was conducted based on a three-level probability sample, which ensures the representativeness of the data. The effectiveness of aspects of gender education in secondary schools and higher education institutions has been assessed. At school, the problems of gender equality are not discussed enough; more than 80% of all respondents did not learn anything at school on this topic. Every third student discussed the issues of gender parity in the university classes. As a rule, this was done in general courses (sociology, philosophy, law), as there are no special disciplines on gender parity in society. The study reached the conclusion that respondents were unfamiliar with gender issues, so they might sometimes not see (perceive) certain gender prejudices and oppression in a student body, which encourages more attention to the development of gender-oriented disciplines of Ukrainian universities.
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Onishchenko, Nataliia. "Contemporary gender context: novelties, perspectives, discussions." Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no. 3 (November 10, 2020): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.3.2020.01.
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The current development of gender issues is characterized by many discussions. Among the issues discussed the most, of course,are: preventing and combating discrimination against women belonging to vulnerable groups, gender-based violence and its relationshipto the social role of the individual, beating gender stereotypes, constructing gender equality, access to justice, and recent eventsrelated to the Biarritz Partnership.
It should be noted that freedom, equality, honor, dignity is the best “guidelines” of the democratic status of an individual in mo -dern society. Legal criteria indicating the content of these categories, their completeness and development, in accordance with Europeanstandards, should be the focus and matter of honor for legal scholars and practitioners. And this leads to the successful polylogue of thestate, civil society and an individual. The construction of gender equality is determined by the state of human rights protection, and genderrights are no exception.The nature of law and human nature have always been and now are of interest, being discussed in philosophy, politics, sociologyand legal doctrine. Today, these discussions are widespread in civil society.High-quality, detailed study of the gender aspect in legal regulation, improvement of means and mechanisms to intensify genderrelations, their adequate use in the legal field will give opportunities for improving the effectiveness of regulatory influence on civilsociety and will reach a new level of legal form. In Ukrainian legislation, gender relations are regulated by constitutional norms, normsof a sectoral nature, a special law and by-laws.This provides an opportunity to speak about the system of laws governing gender relations. It is also legitimate to state that theselaws take a certain place in the system of national legislation and of international law. This leads to the conclusion about the possibilityof conflicts in law and the need to develop ways to overcome them.In this context, one should draw attention t to the Biarritz Partnership, which was launched by the leaders of the G7 at the summitin Biarritz on 25 August 2019 under the lead of French President Emmanuel Macron.Ukraine obtained the status of a member of the Biarritz Partnership, the international initiative of equal rights and opportunities.This accession was initiated by the First Lady in December 2019. It has been repeatedly emphasized that this is another step towardsequality in a broad sense, regardless of gender, age, culture, or mental differences. Ukrainian authorities have undertaken obligationsin five areas:– developing barrier-free public space, friendly to families with children and low-mobility groups;– teaching the principles of equality between women and men to children;– preventing violence;– reducing the pay gap between women and men;– creating more opportunities for men to care for children.
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Golovinov, A. V., and Yu V. Golovinova. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENSURING GENDER EQUALITY AND ANTI–DISCRIMINATION REGULATIONS: GENERAL ISSUES." Russian-Asian Legal Journal, no. 3 (October 18, 2022): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/ralj(2022)3.9.
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The purpose of the article is to show and analyze the vector of the latest approach to the internationallegal regulation of the institution of women’s rights. The authors note constructive attempts to strengthenthe legal status of women in modern society at the level of UN conventions and declarations. The authors come to the conclusion that in modern international human rights law, as well as in thelaw-making and human rights activities of the UN, there is a tendency towards a more detailed regulationof certain social, economic, cultural, political and other rights of women on a democratic basis, whichcontributes to combating discrimination in regarding women.The article shows that the negative external factors caused by pandemics and cataclysms weaken thespeed of decision-making in the development of the legal policy of gender equality. Today we have to observea situation that is characterized by an abundance of international standards in the field of gender equality,but at the same time the achievement of gender equality remains a very slow process.
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Mikeladze, Madona, and Inga Shamilishvili. "Gender Issue in Georgian General Education Institutions." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTILINGUAL EDUCATION VII, no. 2 (December 29, 2019): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22333/ijme.2019.14006.
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Gender Equality is one of the principles of functioning democratic society. It is clear that this principle should be integrated into the education system itself. Georgia, as in the State, has taken on commitment to establishing gender equality in the education system in recent years. “The Georgian Law on Gender Equality” (Chapter 2, Article 6) separates the equality guarantees in relation with education. “The State Action Plan for Gender Equality” determines the whole spectrum of measures for achieving gender equality in education. However, everyday practice is far from the desirable situation because of not understanding equality principles. The school, as one of the most important institutions of gender socialization, can create the conditions for the development of children of both sexes, as well as it can become the factor of the gender inequality and transmission. Gender inequality within the education system can be seen in the aspects such as education policy and development strategy, institutional aspects, educational programs and content of textbooks, teaching approaches, assessment forms, organizing physical environment, etc. Of course, it is of great importance that the gender-character of formal and informal relations of the subjects involved in the education process, i.e. the specificity of relations among teachers, administration and pupils. The study provides an analysis of teacher behavior, gender attitudes and stereotypes towards the children of different sexes as well as the gender sensitivity of teachers, pupils and parents in Georgian educational space.
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Aspihan, Muhammad Noor. "PENGARUH GENDER DALAM REFORMASI KEADILAN." Mitsaqan Ghalizan 1, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/jmg.v1i1.2873.
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Justice is the essence of what society aspires to, moreover justice in the legal aspects. The validity of the approval agreement from the evaluation of existence is appreciated by the court. Therefore, the role of justice is very urgent for the law, especially in Islamic law. In the perspective of Islamic law, gender justice has a unique and complex problem, namely in the Qur’an, An-Nissachapter verse 34, which essentially is to explain the position between men and women associated with various sources of life. Various interpretations of reformist Islamic thinkers led to speculation of ambiguity from the nature of true justice. The difference in defining the essence of justice in gender causes the understanding of the law to vary too, specifically in Islamic family law, the continuation of modern times today which emphasizes a situation in the viewpoint of humanity and human rights. Based on this, it is important to discuss gender related issues in justice reform seen from interpreting the Qur'an inAn-Nissachapter verse 34. The methodology of this research uses objective analysis with hermeneutics, while the data analysis technique used is analysis with qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of this study are to contribute to the understanding that the phenomenon of variations in interpretation of gender often raises contradictions between the doctrine of Religion and the reality of present life, and it seems that the purpose of the law was made not channeled to the lives of the people. With the method of ushulfiqh and hermeneutics to explore the nature of God's texts about gender justice, it is appropriate for the understanding of the text and the context of gender justice to have relations with law and life. The conclusions from this study are expected to provide additional knowledge and reference materials related to understanding gender hermeneutic analysis which is expected to be able to produce a legal reform of various aspects, especially Islamic family law.
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Rionidze, Kh. "THE EVOLUTION OF GENDER EQUALITY INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION." Юридичний вісник, no. 5 (December 21, 2021): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32837/yuv.v0i5.2257.
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The article is devoted to theformation of development and legalregulation of the principle of genderequality in international law, whichis referred to the level of values of theEuropean Union (EU), and also playsan important role for Ukraine due tothe context of European integration.Today, the attitude towards women insociety is significantly different fromthe attitude towards men and thisapplies to different spheres of life:social, political, legal. Thus, politicalgender inequality includes less representation of women in electedpositions and lower representationin political and corporate circles.Gender equality means the existenceof a society in which both women andmen have equal opportunities, rightsand responsibilities in all spheres oflife. Equality between women andmen is equal access to education andhealth care, governance and power forboth sexes, their equal opportunitiesfor financial independence, and therealization of their personal andprofessional needs and interests.One of the most significantdevelopments in international law inthe middle of the twentieth centurywas the consolidation of the principleof non-discrimination and the furtherdevelopment of international andregional legal standards aimed atimproving and protecting the rightsof all women and girls. At the sametime, the protection of women andgirls, as well as men and boys, is firstand foremost the responsibility of thestate. International law establishesthe obligation of states to protecttheir own citizens, including againstgender discrimination. Currently,gender equality is gaining priorityin the activities of internationalorganizations.At the present stage of developmentof society, the issues of genderequalities are not the last place interms of relevance. Gender inequalityslows down the development ofsociety. That is why the achievementof gender equality is now becoming acentral indicator of the developmentof each country
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Gurskiy, Viktor. "A FEMALE POLICE OFFICER IN UKRAINIAN SOCIETY." Law Journal of Donbass 74, no. 1 (2021): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2021-74-1-169-175.
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The article deals with the definition of a female police officer position in Ukrainian society. The position of women who serve in the bodies of the national police of Ukraine and the observance of female police officers’ rights have been investigated. It was clarified that equality is the foundation of a democratic society that strives for social justice and respect human rights. But, unfortunately, for some reasons, women are discriminated almost in all spheres of life. It was noted that our state, being at the stage of formation of a gender society and law in general, has the goal of the European choice, and many steps have already been done for achieving this goal. Ukraine has pledged to fulfill general international duties to ensure gender equality. Having chosen the European vector of development, our state has ratified a number of international documents, one of which was the order of the cabinet of ministers of Ukraine «on the approval of the national plan for the implementation of un security council resolution no. 1325 Women, Peace, Security for the period up to 2020». Аn resolution 1325 is dedicated to those states where armed conflicts take place, therefore this document is relevant for Ukraine. Thus, gender equality is one of the conditions for ensuring social development. For example, the United Nations provides gender-sensitive policing throughout the United Nations police work as an urgent need to address the differentiated security needs of women, men, girls and boys. A positive moment, testifying to the improvement in the field of gender equality, is the constant increase in the number of women in the ranks of the national police of Ukraine. We consider that this fact improves the image and the attitude of citizens towards the police, because women are more trusted than men in some issues. We state that achieving gender equality ensures preventing violence, protecting the rights of all people and the opportunity to make a meaningful contribution to public life. All mentioned above aspects are impossible without women. Therefore, in the future we plan to study this issue in more detail.
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Dunphy, Richard. "Review article: Gender and sexuality in Ireland." Irish Historical Studies 31, no. 124 (November 1999): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400014413.
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Recent years have witnessed a very welcome flourishing of historical and political research on the questions of gender and sexuality in Irish history and Irish society. In particular, the shameful lack (until the publication in 1978 of MacCurtain and Ó Corráin’s pioneering collection of essays) of historical studies of women’s changing roles within, and contributions to, Irish society is now being remedied. No longer can it be said that Irish women are entirely ‘hidden from history’ (to borrow the title of Sheila Rowbotham’s famous 1973 book), although some lacunae in the literature are still noticeable — for example, the problem of lesbian invisibility remains. That said, the present selection of works is impressive in the range of issues, themes and theoretical perspectives it covers. Given that gender and sexuality have featured prominently on the political agenda of the Republic of Ireland since at least the early 1980s, these publications are both timely and much needed.The first title reviewed here, Mary O’Dowd and Sabine Wichert’s Chattel, servant or citizen, is not specifically concerned with Ireland but has a much broader scope. Based on the proceedings of the twenty-first Irish Conference of Historians, it includes essays examining women’s status in Italy, Britain, France, Canada, Poland and the U.S.A., as well as several comparative essays. Among the essays with a specifically Irish theme are three in particular which deserve to be singled out.Donnchadh Ó Corráin’s essay on ‘Women and the law in early Ireland’ makes use of Latin and vernacular legal tracts, contemporary genealogies and (to a lesser extent) vernacular literature to explore themes which include marriage, rights and responsibilities in relation to children, rights of inheritance, and sexual violence against women. Máirín Ní Dhonnchadha singles out the Law of Adomnán of A.D. 697 as a landmark in the written history of women in Ireland. Named after the abbot of Iona and scholar, it is ‘the earliest surviving law concerned primarily with [women’s] welfare, and very probably the first law with this focus to have been enacted in the country’.
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et al., Seo. "Analysis of influence factors on the virtues of democratic citizenship according to individual variables of adolescents." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 9, no. 8 (August 2022): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2022.08.015.
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To lay the foundation for the development of democratic citizens for the youth who will become the leaders of the future society, major areas of democratic civic education have been selected and research conducted on factors affecting the democratic citizenship of the youths of K city located in Gyeonggi-do. In this study, we selected 32 questionnaires from 4 areas based on previous research and carried out a survey on 219 students. The final statistical processing was performed using the SPSS 21 program, and the results were as follows. We analyzed the effects of each of the students’ personal variables such as gender, school performance, parents’ academic background, and interest in social issues, on “human dignity,” “law-abiding spirit,” “rational decision making,” and “sense of community” that are in the realm of democratic citizenship. As a result of the analysis, first, human dignity has a significant effect according to gender and parents' educational background. Second, in the area of law-abiding spirit, only parents' educational background had a significant effect. Third, in the area of rational decision-making, gender and interest in social issues had an effect, and finally, in the area of community consciousness, parents' educational background and interest in social issues had significant effects. This study is meaningful as it found the factors that should be applied when conducting education for the cultivation of democratic citizenship in the future. The justification for practicing democratic citizenship education can be found in democracy itself. No matter how democratic a country is, if it fails to continue cultivating its roots by educating democratic ideals, its democracy will be shaken. Simple indoctrination should be avoided, but it should help students (members of society) develop the determination to uphold the liberal democratic and humanitarian values of human dignity, law-abiding spirit, rational decision-making, and a sense of community.
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Yaroshenko, Oleg M., Kostiantyn Y. Melnyk, Dmytro І. Sirokha, Olena S. Arsentieva, and Irina I. Тeslikova. "Gender Inequality in Social Security on the Basis of the ECtHR Case-Law." Sriwijaya Law Review 6, no. 2 (July 13, 2022): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.28946/slrev.vol6.iss2.1878.pp224-238.
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As the European case-law shows, nowadays, there are numerous problems in the social sphere. Accordingly, there appears to be a need to study international regulation of equality and current social security problems to find possible solutions to the existing shortcomings and to strengthen human rights protection. The article aims to analyse the universal international regulation of equality and gender equality, in particular, and to study the problems of gender inequality in social security based on the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) case law to eliminate this discrimination. The leading research method is a legalistic one. It allowed us to analyse the international legislation on gender equality and to look into the ECtHR case law in gender discrimination in social security. It was found that gender inequality in social security is often a result of prior gender-based discrimination in labour relations. Despite the fact that legal acts protect women in cases of inequality, the analysis of the ECtHR case-law permitted us to conclude that men suffer from gender discrimination as much as women. Therefore, it is suggested to adopt legal acts on the equality of men and women in social security to overcome such discriminative practices at the legislative level. It is also recommended to implement the governmental policy on counteracting gender stereotypes in society. The research results can improve national legislation and international legal acts, further research into equality issues, and develop a methodological base for teaching human rights and social security.
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Kravchenko, Oksana, Alla Voitovska, Alina Sarnatska, and Anna Lysenko. "DIRECTIONS OF ACTIVITY OF THE GENDER CENTER IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION." Social work and social education, no. 1 (8) (May 27, 2022): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2618-0715.1(8).2022.262711.
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Educational programs and work programs on available educational content on gender issues are analyzed. The annual reports of the Gender Center are summarized. The content of the official websites of the Free Economic Zone has been studied. Surveys of participants in the educational process were conducted. A structural-functional approach was applied in order to highlight the activities of the Gender Center. Gender education has been implemented, which includes educational activities, dissemination and promotion of gender knowledge and gender culture, promotion of gender self-education through the implementation of non-formal education. Among the general competencies are: 1. The ability to exercise their rights and responsibilities as a member of society, to understand the values of civil (free democratic) society and the need for its sustainable development, the rule of law, human and civil rights and freedoms in Ukraine. Professional competencies include: 11. Ability to provide assistance and support to clients, taking into account their individual needs, age differences, gender, ethnicity and other characteristics. The practical experience of a higher education institution in the implementation of gender education in the training of future social workers is summarized. It was found that the most popular form of non-formal education are training programs, including "Tolerance towards the LGBT community", "Preparing young people for family life". The gender passport is the result of a gender analysis of the community and includes statistics disaggregated by article, as well as data obtained from the analysis of current municipal policies, the activities of local governments. Promising tasks of gender centers in higher education institutions are to substantiate recommendations for the introduction of educational components on gender issues based on the analysis of educational programs.
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Tamerlanovna, Daueva Tamara. "THE INHERITANCE FEATURES AND THE PROPERTY LAW IN THE TRADITIONAL OSSETIAN FAMILY: GENDER PERSPECTIVE." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 15, no. 4 (January 6, 2020): 734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch154734-741.
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Modernization processes cover all aspects of modern Ossetian society. The family, this has led to the transformation of gender roles, traditional gender orders and a radical change in the historically established foundations of the Patriarchal form of the family. This determines the relevance of the study of intra-family relations as an important part of the gender system. In the study of the order of inheritance clearly indicated property relations, social structure and hierarchy of society, as comprehensively fixed economic relations. The article is based on the source, literary material, which allows to reconstruct the intra-family legal culture, position and status of women in the Ossetian family. In scientific circulation introduced new archival materials, mostly court cases on the distribution of property, which clearly show how to resolve intra-family conflicts in inheritance. Ethnographic materials give a description of the property aspects of family and marriage relations: the size of the bride price, the content of the dowry, the property rights of the female part of the family. The author investigates the transformation processes in inheritance, legalization of property rights of women during the introduction of Russian legislation in the region. It is concluded that the issues of family division of property, for the most part, were resolved according to the norms of customary law.
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Behera, Kabiraj. "SOCIAL STIGMA ENGENDERS IDENTITY CRISIS OF TRANSGENDER: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ENQUIRY IN KANDHAMAL AND KHORDHA DISTRICTS OF ODISHA." SOCIETY AND CULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA 2, no. 1 (2022): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/scdi.2022.v02i01.04.
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Most of the people are not aware that the Transgender evolve due to their biological i.e. genetical factors and hormonal changes in the body. Transgender is a social and biological minority or as a concept, denoting the identity crisis and diversity of practices embodied between or beyond the categories of male and female. Transgender people have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from their sex assigned at birth, which is laden by the social stigma at the expression in grown up stage. This resulting tension of identity crisis adversely affects their personal growth and development by arresting themselves when the society as a most oppressed class, denied most of the human rights enjoyed by other humans. Most of the people now in India never realize that Transgender are also part of our society so they should be treated as equal as others in the society. India’s trans-women or transgender community has a long history as long as our civilization. Indian law recognizes trans-women as third gender but still they are struggling for their identity and acceptance by the society. The objectives of the study is to investigate the problem faces by transgender community due to stringent stigma of the binary concept of gender in this globalised society on the grounds of education, political pressure, social acceptance, employment and various other issues in Odisha
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Kahlon, Neena Rosey, and Ravi Inder Kaur. "Disinheritance of Daughters: Saving Tradition or Rejecting Modernity." Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.2.1584.
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Disinheritances of daughters from ancestral property is a well-established social fact as strong as the recognition of their legal right to inheritance; constitutionally and legally. Law, seen as potent tool for social change, attempt to provide equal and dignified claim to daughters Vis a Vis sons, but law does not operate in vacuum. The socio-cultural space regulates it functioning and nature and extent of delivery. However the explicit as well as implicit performance of Hindu Succession Act 1956 (as amended in 2005) within the Indian social space questions the underlining patriarchal structures of Indian society in particular and the larger goal of women emancipation in general. To this end, disinheritance of daughters at once disclose the intricately enmeshed issues of law, society and gender rights to fore front. The present paper is theoretical and attempts to conceptualize the larger issue of disinheritance of daughters within the contrast of tradition and modernity. The paper revolves around how socially non-invocation of inheritance rights confirms to traditional social structure while claiming these rights seems to be a modern phenomenon. The analysis revealed that the process of social change in India has been dominantly gendered and legally backed gender rights have few takers socially. Gendered Socialization, stigmas attached to independence of women and above all the overarching illusion of saving tradition and rejecting modernity emerges out to be the root causes for disinheritance of daughters from ancestral property.
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Garland, Tammy S., Nickie Phillips, and Scott Vollum. "Gender Politics and The Walking Dead: Gendered Violence and the Reestablishment of Patriarchy." Feminist Criminology 13, no. 1 (March 11, 2016): 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085116635269.
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Given that the acclaimed comic book series The Walking Dead allows readers to confront our greatest fears, as civilization has collapsed and zombies proliferate and prey upon the living, the paucity of literature addressing the gender dynamics in such a lawless society is disconcerting. In our analysis of 96 issues of the series, we explore the social construction of gender roles and the context of gendered violence and victimization in this post-apocalyptic world. Moving beyond a narrative analysis, we consider how comic art conveys that even in the zombie apocalypse, the patriarchal structure remains, the realities of sexism and gendered violence endure, and, sometimes, women literally pay with their flesh for trying to break out of stereotypical gendered constructs.
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Priyadarshni and Dr. Sunayana Trisal. "Female Foeticide And Infanticide: A Legal Analysis." Legal Research Development: An International Refereed e-Journal 6, no. III (April 1, 2022): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v6n3.02.
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Women play a pivotal role in the development of the society. They are an integral part of the mainstream development. Nonetheless, the domination of a female continues in many forms from womb to tomb in the society.[1] Declining sex ratio and gender discrimination of the girl-child has become a deep-rooted problem in the society. The main reason being the crime of female foeticide and female infanticide. ‘Female Foeticide’ is the destruction of the female foetus in the mother’s womb and ‘Female Infanticide’ is the killing of the girl-child after her birth. If a girl-foetus escapes foeticide then infanticide is waiting for her after birth. Both, foeticide and infanticide, are socially tolerated problems. The desire of having a male child in family has become anissue of gravest concern, leading to gender discrimination. This paper is an attempt to identify the issues, the Law and its application to come to a relevant conclusion.
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Kuswaya Wihardit. "PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL: SUATU KONSEP, PENDEKATAN DAN SOLUSI." Jurnal Pendidikan 11, no. 2 (August 28, 2010): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/jp.v11i2.561.2010.
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Indonesia is a plural nation which consists of different ethnics, races, languages, customs, religions, and cultures. Indonesian society is also recognized as multicultural society with diversed background of cultures and religions. Conceptually, multiculturalism refers to country profile as a plural nation and multicultural society. Citizens would appreciate plurality and multiculturalism based on the equity principle.Multiculturalism as a concept of diversity and equity should be accomodated in the national education system. It should be reflected in the curriculum. Besides, the school has opportunity to develop its school curriculum (KTSP) integrating multicultural elements.Citizenship Education subject has the functions to integrate and develop multiculturalism issues in selected topics such as unity, equity, human rights, democracy, justice, and law. Other subjects integrate the issues into the teaching and learning process focusing issues of gender, ethnicity, and religion. Multicultural education is intended for develoving national character which promote students interactivity of different social cultural background. It develops in students emphaty through the observation of their attitude, perceptions, and views. In addition, it also develops student appreciation of multicultural differences, values, dan needs.
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Fotopoulou, Maria. "Book review: Allison McKim, Addicted to Rehab: Race, Gender, and Drugs in the Era of Mass Incarceration (Critical Issues in Crime and Society)." Criminology & Criminal Justice 19, no. 4 (August 8, 2019): 512–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895818822545.
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Koliesnik, Tetiana. "MODERN APPROACHES TO ENSURING GENDER BALANCE IN THE EXERCISE OF THE RIGHT TO WORK." Law Journal of Donbass 73, no. 4 (2020): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2020-73-4-53-59.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the challenges in complying with principles of gender balance in the exercise of the right to work in the framework of international gender standards adopted by Ukraine. Given current development stage of Ukrainian society along with issues of economic stabilization, it is equally important to ensure Ukraine's transition to sustainable social development, which in turn requires public policy making with due regard given to gender component, i.e., evaluation of public policy strategy in terms of gender equality. Shaping and improving public's understanding of the objectives of state policy in the field of gender equality contributes to achieving Global Sustainable Development Goals proclaimed by the UN and supported by Ukraine in accordance with the Decree of the President of Ukraine "On Sustainable Development Goals until 2030". National Action Plan for the Implementing Recommendations Set Out in the Final Observations of UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women to the Eighth Periodic Report of Ukraine on the Implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women for 2021 was approved. According to Global Report of the World Economic Forum, in 2019 Ukraine ranked 59th (out of 153 countries) as to gender gap index. Education and health indicators are high, but political involvement and economic opportunities are declining. Manifestations of inequality, gender discrimination and violence are present in public life - these are gender stereotypes that are often played down in Ukrainian society, which is a negative trend. Along with having strong women's movement and women's organizations in Ukraine, it is necessary to recognize insufficient number of organizations focusing on protection of men's rights, which may be a consequence of de facto absence public discussions about discrimination against men. In view of the above, it should be noted that achieving gender balance is not only an international legal obligation, it is also necessary to achieve the goals of national development of our state. Implementation of basic principles of gender issues is a fundamental factor in protecting labor rights as well as the basis for building a safer society and strengthening the rule of law. Based on the results of the analysis, a number of respective measures aimed at ensuring gender balance in Ukraine were identified. The norms of the current legislation, the ILO Convention and EU anti-discrimination directives related to gender issues are analyzed. Indicators of gender inequality in Ukraine were studied in accordance with UN and the State Statistics Committee data.
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Clark, Brigitte. "A Trans Man as a “Gestational Parent”: Trans Parenting and the Best Interests of the Child." Stellenbosch Law Review 2021, no. 2 (2021): 234–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/slr/2021/i2a3.
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The understanding of gender identities has evolved in response to legislative, policy, political, cultural and social change, but despite these shifts, transgender issues remain under‐explored, and marginalised in South African law and society generally. Transgender is an umbrella term for a person whose gender identity, and gender expression, do not conform to that normatively associated with the gender they were assigned at birth, and for persons who are gender transgressive. Transgender parenting constitutes a direct challenge to “normal” notions of family as transgender parents challenge traditional assumptions about families. Although some jurisdictions have moved beyond gender categories to broader categories of gender‐inclusive parenting, there is no legislative provision in South African law for transgender parents who conceive after having legally transitioned but not having undertaken gender reassignment surgery. After an analysis of recent case law in England and advances in reproductive medical science in this area, this article focuses particularly on whether the registration of trans parents in their chosen legal gender (or as a genderneutral parent) conflicts with the best interests of their children in relation to the lived reality of their children’s lives, the rights of trans parents and children to privacy and family life, and the children’s rights to know their genetic origins. After considering whether the rights of trans parents should be limited in the interests of their children, the article argues that South African legislation and case law should advance beyond the gendered, heteronormative concept of the family currently in operation so as not to limit the rights of trans parents. An administratively coherent system of birth registration that is in the best interests of children could be realised by changing the legal nomenclature to reflect the biological role of the trans parent without the binary connotations of gender.
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Кунц, Елена Владимировна. "Women as law officers and concluded in the criminal justice system." Vestnik Kuzbasskogo instituta, no. 1(42) (March 20, 2020): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53993/2078-3914/2020/1(42)/47-51.
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В статье подвергаются анализу криминологические особенности осужденных женщин, отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы. Обращается внимание на то, что рост криминальной активности женщин связан с ухудшением условий их жизнедеятельности. Анализируется структура преступлений, совершенных женщинами, осужденными к лишению свободы. Отмечается, что действующая система исполнения уголовного наказания в виде лишения свободы не в полной мере основывается на гендерном подходе, связанном с учетом особенностей личности осужденной женщины, причинами совершения ею преступлений. Констатируется необходимость учета этих особенностей в уголовно-исполнительной политике в отношении осужденных к лишению свободы. Women and their place and role in the criminal justice system are of great importance in crime prevention. When analyzing the situation of women in the criminal justice system, particular attention should be paid to a number of aspects, in particular: 1) women as offenders and prisoners; 2) women as victims and victims; 3) women in the criminal justice system; 4) research and policy issues. As part of the administration of justice, women traditionally have a marginal status and are assigned a marginal position in society and in relation to legal systems, which leads often enough so that their specific needs are also considered marginal. It should be recognized that the criminal justice system for the most part is focused on the male half of society and men dominate in them and gender issues are not clearly expressed. This scientific article to some extent makes up for the problem of women as offenders and prisoners.
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Frohmann, Lisa, and Elizabeth Mertz. "Legal Reform and Social Construction: Violence, Gender, and the Law." Law & Social Inquiry 19, no. 04 (1994): 829–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1994.tb00941.x.
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As scholars and activists have addressed the problem of violence against women in the past 25 years, their efforts have increasingly attuned us to the multiple dimensions of the issue. Early activists hoped to change the structure of power relations in our society, as well as the political ideology that tolerated violence against women, through legislation, education, direct action, and direct services. This activism resulted in a plethora of changes to the legal codes and protocols relating to rape and battering. Today, social scientists and legal scholars are evaluating the effects of these reforms, questioning anew the ability of law by itself to redress societal inequalities. As they uncover the limitations of legal reforms enacted in the past two decades, scholars are turning—or returning—to ask about the social and cultural contexts within which laws are formulated, enforced, and interpreted.
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Yusuf, T. A. "The Unknown Woman: Protecting Her Womanity as a Sine Qua Non to Preserving the Family Unit in Nigeria." African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 4, no. 4 (August 23, 2021): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-ay5oljeh.
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The family unit is the basic unit of society and same cannot (literally speaking) be birthed without the woman or its foundation concretized without her nurture. However, it seems from happenings in the Nigerian society that the Nigerian woman is faced with some challenges that endangers her well-being, her role as a vessel of demographic growth and her indispensable nurturing function in the home. Many of these challenges appear to be caused by the masculine gender. Though and sadly so in some cases as would be shown anon, women themselves are the harbinger of some of these problems. Canvassing the emancipation of the woman has been the focus of many female gender rights activists and this paper aims to contribute to same vide an examination of the challenges that face the female folk in Nigeria and in extension the family unit with its negative effects on the larger society from a social cum legal perspective or discourse. The spectrum of this discourse will traverse issues like abandonment, effects of superstitious belief in witchcraft, death in the course of earning a living, break-up of the family unit due to meddlesomeness of third parties, sexual violence against women and alleged complicity of law enforcement agents in shielding its perpetrators and a host of other varied issues.
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Miklos, Alicia Zoe. "Mediated Intimacies: State Intervention and Gender Violence in Nicaragua." Encuentro, no. 100 (May 12, 2015): 6–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/encuentro.v0i100.1903.
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This article forms part of an inquiry about the reach of legislative changes initiated by Law 779 in Nicaragua, the “Integral Law against Violence towards Women”, passed in February 2012. The primary texts I analyze include the legislative debates for the drafting of Law 779, the body of Law 779, the Reform to the law in October 2013, and the Regulations to Law 779, issued through a presidential proclamation in July 2014. I organize my discussion around the most controversial juridical figure in Law 779: that of mediation. Analyzing the trajectory of Law 779 within the Post-war cultural scene in Nicaragua, I conclude that the reinstatement of mediation represents a regressive reaffirmation of patriarchal authority in the guise of community empowerment. The family centered rhetoric of the Regulation to Law 779 signifies capitulation to the most conservative, religious sectors of society and a dramatic reversal of feminist gains towards recognizing women as subjects with rights. These are in fact battles over the cultural interpretation of women’s place, their autonomy, and the troubled reality of the nuclear family and normative social bonds in twenty-first century Central America. They show that women’s autonomy continues to be symbolically coded as dangerous, even as a threat to the collective interests of the family and the nation.
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Hodson, Nathan. "A care ethics approach to the Gender Kidney Donation Gap." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 7-8 (November 1, 2018): 2185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018806337.
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Many studies have shown that women are more likely than men to be living kidney donors, and the discrepancy is particularly marked in heterosexual couples: wives are more likely than husbands to donate a kidney to their spouse. This ‘ Gender Kidney Donation Gap’ can be understood in terms of Carol Gilligan’s claims about gender differences in ethical decision-making style, making it appropriate to analyse responses to this imbalance using an ethic of care. This article centres the vast majority of living donors, those who donate in the context of a significant pre-existing relationship. A cost-neutral approach is unfair on donors who make society richer and healthier by helping a loved one. However, models of kidney sale fail to offer an acceptable alternative, either (a) compelling donors to sell into a pool where they do not know the recipient or (b) allowing affluent individuals unfair access to kidneys. Drawing on surrogacy law in England and Wales, a model of compensation is proposed that includes a range of non-financial benefits. This option celebrates donation and expresses gratitude to all donors while avoiding the pitfalls of the marketplace, with an emphasis on fair treatment of donors. Nevertheless, if more generous treatment led to a 10% increase in directed donation, then it would be equivalent to doubling ‘altruistic’ stranger donations. As long as the Gender Kidney Donation Gap persists, the best response is to minimise the discomfort and disruption caused to donors by their profound act of kindness.
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Othman, Irma Wani, Suwaibah Zakaria, and Mohd Sohaimi Esa. "RECOGNIZING, APPRECIATING AND PRESERVING WOMEN'S RIGHTS: ISSUES, RATIONALES AND CHALLENGES FOR WOMEN IN FACING SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 7, no. 29 (September 29, 2022): 556–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631//ijlgc.729039.
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Article history: Received date: 15.06.2022 Revised date: 20.07.2022 Accepted date: 30.08.2022 Published date: 29.09.2022 To cite this document: Othman, I. W., Zakaria, S., & Esa, M. S. (2022). Recognizing, Appreciating and Preserving Women's Rights: Issues, Rationales and Challenges for Women in Facing Social Responsibility. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication, 7 (29), 556-577. DOI: 10.35631/IJLGC.729039. This work is licensed under CC BY 4.0 The discussion in this paper focuses on issues that increase the awareness and understanding of society on the importance of achieving common equality in a fair way to optimize women's ability to provide a sustainable future for the country. Among issues discussed (i) Career issues halt for highly educated women with families, (ii) The issue of women as victims of domestic violence, (iii) Elimination of gender discrimination in an effort to dignify women, (iv) Confusion over the issue of women's human rights labelled as a family, community and welfare, and (v) Denial of women's entrepreneurial potential and leadership credibility in the national political arena. This paper uses secondary sources, such as research results published in journals, scholarly writing, online news sources, and public forums, to employ a qualitative methodology. The results of the study present information regarding (a) Gender discrimination, cultural clashes and community perceptions, (b) Implementation & enforcement of the Domestic Violence Act 1994, (c) Viability of the National Women's Policy 2009, (d) Strengthening the functions and jurisdictions of the Affairs Unit Woman (EVE). The rationale for preserving women's rights is for the society to be aware of the importance of women in mobilizing the economy, social, and culture. In addition, the recognition and appreciation of women's contributions must continue to ensure a more prosperous, peaceful and prosperous future for the country. The direction for the future undertaking should focus on the significance of women's empowerment in guaranteeing the development of the country which no longer refers solely to economic development but covers development in terms of social, personality and community unity.
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Zharovska, Iryna M., Vitaliy B. Kovalchuk, Nataliya M. Gren, Yaryna S. Bohiv, and Iryna I. Shulhan. "Age discrimination in modern global society." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S3 (October 22, 2021): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns3.1542.
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Human rights discrimination has a destructive impact on legal reality. It demonstrates in different ways. On the modern stage of society development, one of the most common form of discrimination is age discrimination since it concerns all society groups in any country. In science literature, there is no common view on the understanding of age discrimination, that is why its interpretation (as a category that is demonstrated through stereotype, prejudice and age discrimination in its broad sense i.e., all individuals because of age that cause harmful consequences for society and particular individuals) is justified. Monitoring reports, analytical reviews and notes of professional international institutions at the level of UN bodies demonstrate the variable determinants of modern society in the context of aging trends and other related population and legal trends. Comprehensive approach of the survey is conditioned by need in methodical representation of declared problems through definition of economical, cultural, political, legal, social, middle-aged, labor, medical, gender and other agents that are directly related to the guarantee of equality and discrimination issues. Regulatory legal method helps to interpret rules of law in broader context in national legal systems of Albania, Great Britain, Norway, Ukraine, the Czech Republic, Lithuania.
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Sriani, Endang. "Fiqih Mawaris Kontemporer: Pembagian Waris Berkeadilan Gender." TAWAZUN : Journal of Sharia Economic Law 1, no. 2 (September 20, 2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/tawazun.v1i2.4986.
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Justice of inheritance distribution between men and women still became actual and sustainable discussion. Various clasical views that say the distribution of inheritance between men and women is final because it is written in surat an-Nisa’ verse 11 and changing these provisions is deemed deviated from sharia, besides that, contamporary people see this as a rule that is contextualized according to the times. Progressive thinking about the distribution of inheritance was pioneered by gender activists who saw the fiqh of Mawaris still gender biased. Aim of this research was to find out the application of inheritance distribution in accordance with the conditions of Indonesian society by using a gender theory approach. The methodology used in this research is descriptive analytical by focusing on the issue of inheritance distribution 1:2 for men and women. Data analysis is carried out by reviewing the arguments about inheritance with a socio-historical approach. The results obtained from this study are the distribution of inheritance of Classical Islam 1: 2 is not something final, but can change 1: 1 or 2: 1 according to changing conditions of society. The conclusion of this research shows that to find out the purpose of Islamic law, the reader of the text of the postulate must be done contextually to get a law that is just in accordance with the objectives of Islam.
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Grochowina, Grochowina. "Less Favored – More Favored? Women’s Approaches to Property After Re-marriage During the Second Half of the 18th Century." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 44 (October 14, 2005): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v44i3.132988.
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Due to the greater interest in the relationship between gender and history, as it has been emphasized after the “cultural turn” of the 1990s, questions concerning women’s roles in early modern legal practice became an important focus of research, too. First of all, criminal laws came into view: Questions were raised, why women were being hunted as witches, and whether they should be regarded as victims of the legal system. Furthermore, studies asked, how gender was constructed, when, for instance, fornication was being tried at court.
Despite these efforts, research did not focus on civil legal practice with the same inten-sity. It appeared, that corresponding cases were regarded as less spectacular than issues of criminal law. Moreover, the existence of several judicial instruments like the guardianship seemed to have suggested that women could not be regarded as independently acting subjects of law. Instead, they were expelled from early modern legal culture. Nevertheless, it has to be argued, that such an impression is not sufficient enough to understand the relationship be-tween gender and law in the early modern society. In fact, it appears that women were not excluded from civil legal practice at all. Studies on marriage, marriage contracts and inheri-tance of women suggest a different picture.
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Buonamano, Roberto. "Reconciling Pluralistic Democracy and Religious Freedom in European Human Rights Law: A Jurisprudential Balance in Search of Principles." Religion & Human Rights 14, no. 3 (December 11, 2019): 169–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18710328-13021149.
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Abstract This article examines some of the structural and systemic issues associated with the relationship between pluralistic democracy and religious freedom within the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. These include the problematic aspects of the doctrine of State neutrality, and the function of secularism in the understanding of “democratic society”. It assesses the principal jurisprudential mechanisms utilised in religious freedom cases—namely, the notion of “public order”, the association of secularism with gender equality, the principles of the “minimum requirements of life in society”, and the margin of appreciation in the context of democratic legitimation. As the article demonstrates, the Court’s approach to negotiating the appropriate balance between pluralistic democracy and religious rights is marred by a reluctance to clearly elucidate the principles involved in the implementation of democratic values under the Convention when considering the means of protecting and limiting the freedom of religion.
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Sugianto, Fajar, Vincensia Esti Purnama Sari, and Graceyana Jennifer. "KETIMPANGAN HAK BERBASIS GENDER DALAM HUKUM WARIS ADAT SUKU LAMAHOLOT." DiH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 17, no. 2 (July 7, 2021): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/dih.v17i2.4854.
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AbstractThis writing is intended to convey the analysis and critiques on issues and situations of the Lamaholot inheritance customary law must not only be under the ancestor's values that developed in the society but also following the development of the society that has gone through modernization and emancipation, which has resulted in equal positions between men and women in every aspect of human life. Through juridical normative research method, and the emphasis on the Lamaholot tribe, it is found that there are an imbalance position and rights between male and female successor, where the right to inherit is only owned by the male successor. This creates an injustice for the female successor, which fundamentally violates the concept of inheritance in the Indonesian Civil Law Code as the national guidelines of the private sphere of society. The existence of law has greatly impacted human life because where there are humans, that is where the law is. The law will only be classified appropriate if it achieves legal objectives, namely justice, legal certainty, and legal benefit. One of the spheres of human life which are also regulated by law is in the process of inheritance by the predecessor to the successor. This inheritance then enters the realm of private law, which is still dominated by customary law. Customary law as a form of cultural diversification of Indonesia and a core element of the development of the national law itself is still upright and implemented in the practice of inheritance. As a result, it can be concluded that gender-based rights disparities are evident in the socio-cultural life of the Lamaholot indigenous tribe. Thus, through this research, two paths should be implemented by the state. The first one is to approve the Bill on the Protection of Customary Law Communities as an instrument that will act as the implementative boundaries for the implementation of customary law and the second one is to accommodate customary law into Regional Regulations (Peraturan Daerah) as a form of preservation of the customary values of each tribe so that they are in line with the applicable positive laws without eliminating the uniqueness of each basic cultural values of each region.Keywords: customary law; Lamaholot tribe; inheritance AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengkritik masalah dan situasi pengaturan pewarisan hukum adat Lamoholot yang sepatutnya tidak hanya sesuai dengan nilai-nilai nenek moyang yang berkembang di masyarakat, tetapi juga sesuai dengan perkembangan masyarakat yang telah melalui modernisasi dan emansipasi dalam masyarakat yang melahirkan kesetaraan kedudukan antara laki-laki dan perempuan dalam setiap lini kehidupan manusia. Metode yang digunakan ialah yuridis normative untuk menelaah kritis pada sistem waris adat suku Lamaholot, justru ditemukan adanya ketidakseimbangan kedudukan dan hak atas ahli waris yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki dan perempuan, dimana hak atas waris hanya dimiliki oleh ahli waris yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki saja. Tentunya hal ini menimbulkan sebuah ketidakadilan bagi ahli waris yang berjenis kelamin perempuan, dimana turut melanggar konsep pewarisan yang dianut dalam KUHPerdata selaku kaidah pedoman nasional yang mengatur ranah privat masyarakat. Eksistensi hukum sangat berdampak terhadap kehidupan manusia, sebab dimana ada manusia, disitulah hukum berada. Hukum baru dikatakan baik dan pantas bila mencapai tujuan hukum, yakni keadilan, kepastian dan kemanfaatan hukum. Salah satu lingkup kehidupan manusia yang juga diatur oleh hukum ialah dalam proses pewarisan oleh pewaris terhadap ahli waris. Pewarisan ini kemudian masuk ke dalam ranah privat hukum, yang mana kini masih didominasi pengaturannya oleh hukum adat. Hukum adat sebagai wujud diversifikasi budaya bangsa Indonesia dan unsur inti dari pembangunan hukum nasional pun masih tegak berdiri dan terlaksana dalam pewarisan adat tersebut. Alhasil, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ketimpangan hak berbasis gender pun begitu jelas nampak dalam kehidupan sosial-budaya masyarakat adat Lamaholot. Dengan demikian, melalui penelitian ini pun didapati dua jalan yang sepatutnya dilaksanakan oleh negara yaitu pengesahaan RUU Perlindungan Masyarakat Hukum Adat sebagai instrumen yang menggariskan batasan-batasan implementatif terhadap pemberlakuan hukum adat dan diakomodirkannya hukum adat ke dalam Peraturan Daerah (Perda) sebagai wujud pelestarian nilai-nilai adat setiap suku agar selaras dengan hukum positif yang berlaku tanpa menghilangkan keunikan dari setiap nilai-nilai dasar kebudayaan masing-masing daerah.
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Mamay, Evgeny, and Julia Ermakova. "The Development of Regulation of the Family and Marriage Institutions in Russia in the Context of the Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights." Legal Concept, no. 2 (July 2020): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2020.2.21.
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Introduction: the institution of marriage is the pillar of every society and state and forms their material, spiritual, psychological and even ideological basis. The state is inextricably linked with the family and marriage. Changing each of the elements of this interaction leads to the radical changes in the entire system, so the state must regulate these social institutions in a certain way. Modern Russia strives to achieve a reasonable balance of human rights and freedoms, develop a democratic society and work closely with the international community while preserving the established moral foundations and traditional values related to the institution of the family and marriage. The purpose of the publication is to determine the current state and prospective vectors of development of the state policy in relation to the institution of marriage. The research methodology is based on the use of the logical, dialectical techniques and methods of scientific knowledge, the comparative legal and legal-technical analysis of the texts of laws and other documents. Results: the paper analyzes the scientific literature, the Russian and foreign legislation, the international legal acts and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in order to determine the efficiency of the state policy in this area, establish the criteria for achieving a sufficient balance between the non-interference of the state in the gender issues and maintaining the institution of traditional marriage in Russia. The conducted research of the issue suggests that in general, the legislation of the Russian Federation concerning the family and marriage relations is quite stable, but in response to the challenges of modern times, it is undergoing a certain reform. Conclusions: the practice of implementing the European Convention on Human Rights requires that the Russian legislation be seriously reformed in terms of regulating the gender issues and marital and family relations. In recent years, the Russian Federation has repeatedly lost cases in the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), without being able to defend the fairness of its position. According to the authors of the publication, the solution to this problem is possible by reviewing certain international obligations of Russia in the context of their interpretation of the ECHR, as well as forming a consolidated position in Russian society regarding the institution of traditional marriage and the gender relations. These changes should be reflected in both the domestic legislation and the legalized law enforcement practices. The authors consider the achieved level of tolerance of Russian law regarding the institutions of the family and marriage to be extremely sufficient for the preservation and sustainable development of Russian society.
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Gunnarsson, Åsa, and Eva-Maria Svensson. "Gender equality in the Artic and North; socio-legal and geopolitical challenges." Nordic Journal on Law and Society 1, no. 01-02 (September 26, 2017): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njolas.v1i01-02.23.
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This first issue of the Nordic Journal on Law and Society (NJOLAS) is dedicated to the theme of gender in the Artic. The articles are the result of research carried out by members of a transnational, socio-legal and interdisciplinary network on gender studies on women’s every-day life in Arctic and Northern Regions.
Together, the articles form a socio-legal contribution to fill an identified knowledge gap about gender equality in the Arctic and in the geopolitics of Arctic.