Relevant bibliographies by topics / Law, baltic states

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Law, baltic states'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Law, baltic states"

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Lagzdiņa, D. "Baltic States ·Daiga Lagzdiņa." European State Aid Law Quarterly 21, no. 1 (2022): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/estal/2022/1/12.

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Kirchner, Stefan, and Medy Dervovic. "Almost Arctic?: Protecting the Baltic marine environment through international law." Strani pravni zivot, no. 4 (2021): 551–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spz65-34644.

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The Baltic Sea, the heart of the Baltic region, is one of the most polluted seas worldwide. For the countries of the Baltic region, the relative importance of the Baltic Sea varies, but all coastal states of the Baltic Sea use the sea and influence it through their manifold activities. The protection of the Baltic Sea therefore is a shared concern for the coastal states. This shared concern has led to the emergence of a specific international legal régime governing the Baltic Sea. In this text, current threats to the Baltic Sea's natural environment and the international legal measures that are taken to protect the sea are described, in particular with a view to possible improvements. Particular emphasis will be placed on the northernmost part of the Baltic Sea, the sub-Arctic Bay of Bothnia that faces particular environmental challenges.
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Driessen, Bart. "Slav non-citizens in the Baltics." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 2, no. 2 (1994): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181194x00030.

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AbstractThis study argues that customary international law obliges the Baltic states to accept the Slav populations as an integral part of the Baltic peoples. The history and collapse of the Soviet Union has produced large groups of Slav immigrants to remain in the Baltic states. They are not automatically granted citizenship rights in Estonia and Latvia, as they have to prove to qualify for naturalisation. People descending from the inter-War citizenry do ipso facto qualify for citizenship. First the nature of the coming-to-independence of the Baltic states is analysed, after which the law on self-determination is investigated. The de facto recognition of the Soviet annexation by most of the international community is seen as the watershed as far as the status of the Baltic states is concerned; from then on they were for all practical purposes part of the Soviet Union. Following an analysis of the applicable norms of customary international law, a scrutiny of relevant Baltic legislation is presented.
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Mälksoo, Lauri. "Soviet Genocide? Communist Mass Deportations in the Baltic States and International Law." Leiden Journal of International Law 14, no. 4 (December 2001): 757–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156501000371.

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The present article deals with international law problems that have arisen in the process of legal clarification of the state crimes committed during the Soviet occupation in the three Baltic states. Following the restoration of their independence in 1991, the Baltic states have sought to establish the historical truth about the mass crimes committed during the Nazi and Soviet occupations – Estonia's International History Commission recently published its first report which is analyzed in this article. Moreover, the courts in the Baltic states have convicted deporters of 1941 and 1949 for crimes against humanity and/or genocide. By discussing different definitions of ‘genocide,’ the author attempts to answer the question whether the general context of the Stalinist mass repressions in the Baltic states permits to qualify the occupant's policy as ‘genocide.’
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Macalister-Smith, Peter. "History of International Law in the Baltic States." Baltic Yearbook of International Law Online 5, no. 1 (2005): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221158905x00070.

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Klevas, Valentinas, Dalia Streimikiene, and Ramute Grikstaite. "Sustainable energy in Baltic States." Energy Policy 35, no. 1 (January 2007): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2005.10.009.

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Karski, Karol. "‘IUS POSTLIMINII’ JAKO PODSTAWA UZNANIA CIĄGŁOŚCI PRZEDWOJENNYCH I DZISIEJSZYCH PAŃSTW BAŁTYCKICH." Zeszyty Prawnicze 14, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2014.14.1.01.

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‘IUS POSTLIMINII’ AS THE GROUNDS FOR THE RECOGNITION OF CONTINUITY BETWEEN THE PRE-WAR AND THE PRESENT-DAY BALTIC STATESSummaryPostliminium was applied to describe the status of a Roman citizen who was taken captive during a war and then regained his freedom. If he managed to return from captivity, then the moment he crossed the border of the Roman state, legally his rights and legal relationships were restored (though with some exceptions). This institution has become part of international law and has developed a life of its own. Hardly anyone remembers the Roman origins of many legal constructs, though they are still in force. This is the strength of Roman law. One of the examples of the application of Roman law constructs may be observed in the Baltic States, which were annexed by the USSR in 1940. Due to the change in international law which occurred at the turn of the 1920s and 30s in outcome of the Briand-Kellogg Pact, the acquisition of territory as a result of the use of military force in contravention of its provisions was no longer admissible. In 1991 the Baltic States regained their independence. By proclaiming it, they took the position that they were continuing their inter-war statehood and that all the international agreements they had concluded until 1940 were still valid. The present-day Baltic States are not regarded as legal successors of the USSR. This means that a state conforming to international law has been restored and an end put to an illegal occupation. The example of the Baltic States shows that ius postliminii is a permanent feature of the international legal order. Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia may have lost their independence for 50 years, but subsequently they returned as states to the international community. They are regarded as identical with those states which were annexed during the Second World War by the USSR. They have been restored and continue to exercise all the rights and obligations they had before 1940.
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Alijeva, Lilija. "Left Behind? A Critical Study of the Russian-speaking Minority Rights to Citizenship and Language in the Post-Soviet Baltic States. Lessons from Nationalising Language Policies." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 24, no. 4 (November 3, 2017): 484–536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02404004.

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Minority rights protection is widely discussed in relation to diversity management stability within a state. Yet the case of Russian-speaking minorities in the post-Soviet Baltic States has been a challenging example to analyse because of the sensitivity of language issues. This article discusses Baltic States’ language policies that impact the Russian-speaking minority’s language rights, argued here to be the focal point for minority identity formation inclusion into society. While international law continues to be mostly silent regarding minority language rights, kin-states, in this case Russia, direct their interest towards its supposed kin-nationals abroad, which leads to rising levels of concerns for Baltic States’ governments because this interest has led to conflict in other post-Soviet states. This article argues that the situation in the Baltic States is unique, recommends amending domestic language policies to achieve effective minority integration, inclusion, accommodation, generating stable democratic rule.
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Jürine, Anni, Djuddah Leijen, Diāna Laiveniece, Jolanta Sinkuniene, Christer Johansson, and Nicholas Groom. "Academic Writing in the Baltic States." Educare - vetenskapliga skrifter, no. 1 (September 28, 2021): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/educare.2021.1.3.

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In the project Bwrite (Academic Writing in the Baltic States: Rhetorical Structures through Cultures and Languages), we aim to address the lack of an empirically grounded holistic understanding of non-Anglophone writing traditions by mapping the academic writing traditions in the national languages of the Baltic States: Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian. We aim to achieve this by using machine learning and other computational methods (both quantitative and qualitative) for capturing writing tradition features at scale. By identifying and studying those features, we will not only create a body of knowledge on writing tradition(s) of the Baltic States, but the project will also provide a methodological basis for studying writing traditions elsewhere.
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Canfield, Jeffrey Lee. "The independent Baltic states: Maritime law and resource management implications." Ocean Development & International Law 24, no. 1 (January 1993): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908329309545995.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Law, baltic states"

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Green, Elisabet. "Law Enforcement Cooperation in the Baltic Sea States." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Euroasian Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112885.

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The aim of the present study is to investigate a multilateral law enforcement cooperation, theBaltic Sea Task Force, and explain some of the factors that may be the reasons for itssuccessful implementation. Choosing to see the Baltic Sea Task Force framework similar toan attempt to create a cooperation forming one international epistemic community fromseveral national ones, I investigate how and to what extent knowledge has been transferredbetween the communities, and how this was planned for in the original mission mandate. Iinvestigate problems of knowledge transfer across the network of communities (national lawenforcement agencies). Since knowledge is context based, the specific context encodes theknowledge, reflecting the nature of the subject area and the community’s norms and values.Explicit knowledge needs embedded tacit understanding to fully work. In turn, embeddednessneeds trust, common processes, joint norms and values. Consequently, there must also be atransfer of these norms and values in order for the embeddedness to take place. I investigatehow this context-dependent knowledge is received, and how such decoding is assisted by theframework. Where decoding seems to have been slow, I examine possible reasons for this,and study how the framework has dynamically altered its modi operandi to achieve itspurpose. I conclude that the Baltic Sea Task Force framework’s enterprise policy contains abroad and holistic perspective, conforming to definitions of a holistic epistemic community.

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Ziemele, Ineta. "State continuity and nationality in the Baltic states : international and constitutional law issues." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275338.

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Pilybaitė, Indrė. "Konstitucinės justicijos institucijos Baltijos šalyse (Estija, Latvija, Lietuva)." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070104_201731-70757.

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In this work author pursuing to compare Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian institutions of the constitutional justice, bring out similarities and differences. To take notice of place of these institutions in states government system, method of formation, judge status, jurisdiction of institutions, process basic features, and determined judgments legal force. Of every democratic countries law systems fundament is constitution, so it is very important to guarantee the supremacy of law. Undoubtedly institutions of constitutional justice takes up one of the important place in assurance of constitutional conformity in state. author analyses institutions which implement constitutional control in most related neighbor countries: Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. In Lithuania and Latvia to fulfill this function there are established special institutions – Constitutional courts, meanwhile in Estonia this function is dedicated to supreme instance of common court system – Supreme Court, and if to make clear, one of constituent part of this court – Constitutional Review Chamber. Also, the fundamental models of constitutional justice and it's variety, and the history of constitutional justice institutions in Baltic states were discussed in brief in this work. Author analyses, why these institutions are considered to be a part of common court system. Basing on descriptive, comparative and analysis method were investigated the order of these institution formation, legal status of judges, the... [to full text]
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Santa, Marisa. "Construction de l'identité individuelle : jeux d'entente et de concurrence entre l'état civil et la "Comédie Humaine" de Balzac." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.harmatheque.com.bases-doc.univ-lorraine.fr/ebook/balzac-et-la-construction-de-l-identite-individuelle-jeux-d-entente-et-de-concurrence-entre-l-etat-civil-et-la-comedie-humaine-66358.

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Certaines histoires font froid dans le dos. Un vieil homme apparaît dans l’étude d’un avoué pour réclamer l’identité d’une gloire de l’Empire de Napoléon Bonaparte : le colonel Chabert. Or, celui-ci est mort ; les vivants le disent sur la foi de l’état civil qui le dit sur la foi de témoins. A ces vérités, le vieux monsieur oppose le réel de sa vie et fait vaciller l’évidence. Dans le silence de la nuit, le récit de ce revenant fait apparaître les faibles contours de l’image du glorieux colonel. Il demande à être reconnu, cet homme qui va apprendre qu’une identité ne se réclame pas, elle se construit. Il avait pourtant bien commencé, amenant son corps mutilé et, avec lui, le récit ; il aurait pu continuer en acceptant la seule voie possible pour décrocher le Colonel Chabert du tableau des morts illustres : la transaction. Etre Chabert mais abandonner certains éléments de sa trajectoire. L’identité du vieux monsieur ne nous est donnée ni par le roman qui l’a créé ni par le droit qui a tué Chabert parce que le droit et la littérature proposent des solutions pour construire une vérité qui ne sera toujours qu’incertaine. L’identité d’un individu ne se situe pas ailleurs que dans les récits d’une culture, et le jeu consiste à s’ajuster sans cesse dans la rencontre entre tous les discours qui désignent. L’un d’eux est celui du droit, il pose les critères qui font exister et qui individualisent. Le droit et La Comédie humaine de Balzac se rejoignent alors en un point qui les confond pour raconter ces histoires saisissantes où l’identité se joue entre les deux, faisant ainsi du droit et de la littérature des domaines propices au regard de l’anthropologue
Some stories send a chill down one’s spine! An old man appears at an attorney’s office claiming the identity of glory of Napoleon Bonaparte’s Empire: the colonel Chabert. However, Chabert is dead; the living declared his death after the register of vital statistics based, in turn, on testimonies. With his claim, the old man opposes acknowledged truth and his own reality, throwing doubt upon evident facts. In the silence of the night, the faint contours of the glorious colonel emerge from the story narrated by this ghost asking for recognition but he will learn that identity is not something that springs up upon demand but must be built up. Yet he made a good start by bringing in his mutilated body and his story. He could have followed the only possible way of taking Chabert off the list of the glorious dead by accepting a settlement where he could continue being the colonel provided he erases parts of his history. The old man’s identity is given neither by the novel which created him nor by law, that law responsible for his death, as the only answers to be found in both law and literature are acknowledged facts which always remain questionable. An individual’s identity is embedded in the story of a culture and the game consists in always making adjustments within the meeting point of all designating discourses. One of these is that of law: it sets the criteria allowing existence itself and from which individualization can occur. So we can say law and Balzac’s «Human Comedy» merge together into a new common space in wich seizing stories are narrated and where the construction of individual identity takes place. This singular relationship between law and literature sheds a new light upon them, thus making them subjects to be studied from an anthropological point of view
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Lue, Yueh-Shian, and 呂岳憲. "The Analysis of the Independent Movement of the Baltic States - Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. From the Point of View of International Law." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59692178752418577611.

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碩士
淡江大學
俄羅斯研究所
82
The principle of the right of people ''s selt -determination is being discussed for decades .some scholars consider it as one kind of political thought or theory but others might allege the right of people''s self-determination as one formal principle of internationa law. one of the main purposes of this thesis is to analyse the coner and practice of the right of people''s self-determination. by using indepedent movement of the formet soviet Baltic states -lithuania, Latvia and Estonia for examples, first to confirm the principle of people''s self-determination is surely contain the nature and condit of being aprinciple of international law. on the other hand, by anything the international law.this thesis try to find the law and the basis of the indepedent movement that happened in 1990''s. 　　Besides,this thesis uses the traditional research methods-historical and material analysing approach to descript and nalyz the origin, national development and the incorporation of the Baltit to analyzing the incorporation in 1940 is "annexation "or "voluntary merger "in internztional law.
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Dittmer, Stephanie. "Die Politisierung der ethnischen Differenz." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B526-6.

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Books on the topic "Law, baltic states"

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Kerikmäe, Tanel, Kristi Joamets, Jānis Pleps, Anita Rodiņa, Tomas Berkmanas, and Edita Gruodytė, eds. The Law of the Baltic States. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54478-6.

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S, Pacy James, ed. Diplomats without a country: Baltic diplomacy, international law, and the Cold War. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2001.

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Butkus, Zigmas A. The annexation of the Baltic States by the USSR. [Washington, D.C: Law Library, Library of Congress, 1989.

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European Workshops on the Law of the Sea (1st 1996? Honolulu, Hawaii and Ebenhausen, Schäftlarn, Germany). The Baltic Sea: New developments in national policies and international cooperation. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1996.

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Hebenton, Bill. Assessing international assistance in law enforcement: Themes, findings and recommendations from a case-study of the Republic of Estonia. Helsinki: European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI), 2001.

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Illegal annexation and state continuity: The case of the incorporation of the Baltic states by the USSR : a study of the tension between normativity and power in international law. Leiden: M. Nijhoff Publishers, 2003.

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Ziemele, Ineta. State continuity and nationality: The Baltic States and Russia : past present and future as defined by international law. Leiden: M. Nijhoff, 2005.

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United States. President (1989-1993 : Bush). Independence for the Baltic States: Message from the President of the United States transmitting a report on U.S. government actions in support of the peaceful restoration of independence for the Baltic States, pursuant to Public Law 101-309, (104 Stat. 265). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Hough, William J. H. The annexation of the Baltic States and its effect on the development of law prohibiting forcible seizure of territory. New York, N.Y: New York Law School, 1985.

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Frydman, Roman. The privatization process in Russia, Ukraine and the Baltic States: Economic environment, legal and ownership structure, institutions for state regulation, overview of privatization programs, initial transformation of enterprises. Budapest: Central European University Press, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Law, baltic states"

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Herm, Marek, Kristi Joamets, Marko Kairjak, Tanel Kerikmäe, Helen Kranich, Kaido Künnapas, Ramon Loik, et al. "Public Law." In The Law of the Baltic States, 41–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54478-6_2.

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Grünberg, Edgar, Kristi Joamets, Rene Lauk, Priidu Pärna, Margus Poola, and Addi Rull. "Private Law." In The Law of the Baltic States, 101–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54478-6_3.

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Badovskis, Māris, Jautrīte Briede, Edvīns Danovskis, Kristīne Dupate, Annija Kārkliņa, Kārlis Ketners, Valentija Liholaja, Anita Rodiņa, and Kristīne Strada-Rozenberga. "Public Law." In The Law of the Baltic States, 191–275. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54478-6_5.

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Damane, Linda, Jānis Kārkliņš, Inese Lībiņa-Egner, Vadims Mantrovs, Daina Ose, Martins Osis, Jānis Rozenfelds, Kalvis Torgāns, and Kristīne Zīle. "Private Law." In The Law of the Baltic States, 277–355. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54478-6_6.

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Bartninkas, Marius, Mindaugas Bilius, Paulius Čerka, Tomas Davulis, Edita Gruodytė, Aušra Kargaudienė, Linas Meškys, Dainius Raižys, and Tomas Veršinskas. "Lithuanian Public Law." In The Law of the Baltic States, 407–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54478-6_8.

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Astromskis, Paulius, Jurgita Grigienė, Julija Kiršienė, Aušrinė Pasvenskienė, Evaldas Rapolas, Siuzana Ščerbina-Dalibagienė, Jurgita Spaičienė, and Vigintas Višinskis. "Lithuanian Private Law." In The Law of the Baltic States, 471–534. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54478-6_9.

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Berkmanas, Tomas, Marius Jonaitis, Saulė Milčiuvienė, Birutė Pranevičienė, Stasys Šedbaras, Violeta Vasiliauskienė, and Evelina Žurauskaitė. "General Frameworks of Lithuanian Law." In The Law of the Baltic States, 359–406. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54478-6_7.

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Evas, Tatjana, Thomas Hoffmann, Kristi Joamets, Tanel Kerikmäe, Ramon Loik, Katrin Nyman-Metcalf, Aleksandr Popov, and Sandra Särav. "General Frameworks." In The Law of the Baltic States, 3–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54478-6_1.

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Buka, Arnis, Irēna Kucina, Jānis Lazdiņš, and Daiga Rezevska. "General Frameworks." In The Law of the Baltic States, 151–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54478-6_4.

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Bukovskis, Karlis. "The Four Stages of State Rebuilding in the Baltic States Since 1990." In State-Building, Rule of Law, Good Governance and Human Rights in Post-Soviet Space, 17–32. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003198024-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Law, baltic states"

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Mantrov, Vadim, Ramunas Birstonas, Janis Karklins, Aleksei Kelli, Irene Kull, Arnis Buka, Irena Barkane, and Zanda Davida. "The Implementation of the New Consumer Sales Directives in the Baltic States: A Step Towards Further Harmonisation of Consumer Sales." In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.36.

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The present article deals with the implementation of the new Consumer Sales Directives (Directives 2019/770 and 2019/771) into the national law of the Baltic States. The topicality of the paper is related to the implementation of the new Consumer Sales Directives into national law in a particular region, i.e., the Baltic States, by analysing implementation approaches and difficulties during the implementation and post-implementation periods from a comparative perspective of all three Baltic states. At the outset, the paper notes the differences in the existing regulation of consumer sales in the Baltic States. Lithuania and Estonia incorporated consumer sales in their civil codifications, whereas Latvia has chosen a different path by regulating consumer sales on the basis of sui generis regulation in the Consumer Rights Protection Law. As a result of such initial situation before the implementation of the new Consumer Sales Directives, different implementation strategies were used in the Baltic States, consequently leading to different consequences and difficulties during the implementation process of the new Consumer Sales Directives. Likewise, the application process of the new Consumer Sales Directives itself has created significant problems and risks. The available legal acts together with their travaux préparatoires in the Baltic States demonstrate the possibility that the new regulation implementing the new Consumer Sales Directives may contradict the existing contract law regulation and data protection law, and have implications thereon.
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Birstonas, Ramunas, Vadim Mantrov, Gaabriel Tavits, and Aleksei Kelli. "Implementation of Trade Secrets Directive in Baltic States: A Step towards Partial Harmonisation." In The 7th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.7.2.28.

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Ciburiene, Jadvyga. "THE CHANGES OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INDEX: THE BALTIC STATES IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN UNION." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on POLITICAL SCIENCES, LAW, FINANCE, ECONOMICS AND TOURISM. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b24/s7.089.

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Birstonas, Ramunas, Vadim Mantrov, and Aleksei Kelli. "The Principle of Appropriate and Proportionate Remuneration in Copyright Contracts and Its Implementation in the Baltic States." In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.30.

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The Digital Single Market Directive 2019/790 constitutes a significant milestone in the field of copyright, especially its provisions aimed to ensure the fair remuneration for authors and performers. This publication focuses on Art. 18 of the Directive, which establishes the principle of appropriate and proportionate remuneration. This principle follows from the general understanding of authors and performers as a weaker bargaining party. Being formulated abstractly, the principle of appropriate and proportionate remuneration leaves broad discretion for its implementation. Therefore, the article presents case studies concerning the implementation of the said principle into national laws of the three Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. The first task is to check the operation of the principle of appropriate and proportionate remuneration in the national legal acts before the implementation of the Digital Single Market Directive. The second task is to compare and assess the prepared national draft legal acts and how they implement this principle. The article concludes that all three Baltic States have chosen a “minimalist” implementation strategy and, as a consequence, the appropriate and proportionate remuneration principle most likely will have no real independent value.
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Karpushkina, Irina. "THE MARKETING MIX IN THE ACTIVITY OF NON-COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS, USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE BALTIC STATES." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on POLITICAL SCIENCES, LAW, FINANCE, ECONOMICS AND TOURISM. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b23/s7.099.

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Mantrovs, Vadims. "Tiešā prasība apdrošināšanas līgumtiesībās un tās regulējuma pilnveides nepieciešamība Latvijā." In Latvijas Universitātes 80. starptautiskā zinātniskā konference. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.07.

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The present article deals with direct claim in insurance contract law in Latvia in conjuncture with a discussion of necessity for its modernization. At the beginning, the article provides review of direct claim in Latvian legal environment by analysing its aim and character. Furthermore, the article analyses regulation of direct claim in Latvian civil liability insurance law, particularly Article 53 of theLatvian Insurance Contract Law, in conjuncture with existing Latvian court practice by providing insight in the perception of Latvian courts in respect of application of this regulation. Likewise, this discussion is carried out closely with analysis of regulation of direct claim in other European countries, especially other Baltic states. The article proceeds with characterising modernization of Latvian civil liability insurance regulation on direct claim. Particularly, the author of the article argues that direct claim should be envisaged in Latvia at least in compulsory insurance by following the modern approach and an example of other European countries including the Baltic states. The article finishes with the conclusion summarising the discussion reflected in the article and emphasising the legislative proposal to express Article 53 of the Latvian Insurance Contract Law in a new wording envisaging direct claim at least in compulsory insurance cases.
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GEMMA, Sergejs, and Zane VĪTOLIŅA. "EUROPE 2020 TARGETS: THE PROGRESS OF THE BALTIC COUNTRIES IN TERMS OF RIS3." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.056.

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The Europe 2020 strategy was proposed by the European Commission with an aim to improve European Union (EU) competitiveness and promote economic growth. For the successful achievement of economic growth using the Smart Specialization Strategy (RIS3) in the EU, the European Commission has set out five interrelated headline targets to be achieved by 2020 in the areas of employment, research and development, climate change and energy, education and poverty and social exclusion. The targets are translated into national targets for each EU Member State; at the same time, they are common goals for all the EU Member States to be achieved through a mix of national and EU actions. The authors of the research used statistical data on the Europe 2020 targets to detect progress or regress in achieving these targets, the accuracy of target value detection and the implementation of RIS3 in the EU. The aim of the research is to evaluate RIS3 progress based on the Europe 2020 targets. The following tasks were set: 1) To calculate progress on each Europe 2020 target for Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania using Eurostat statistical data; 2) To evaluate the calculated data and compare the data with those for the other Baltic States and the EU average; 3) To forecast RIS3 development for the year 2020 in the Baltic States. The research employed the monographic and descriptive methods as well as analysis, synthesis, the graphic method, the data grouping method and forecasting. All the three Baltic States have exceeded their target values on employment and education. Low indicators – just half of the target value – the Baltic States have on the share of the EU’s GDP invested in Research and Development. Other positions such as green energy, poverty and social exclusion mostly show a need for more active and effective action for achieving the Europe 2020 targets.
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Khlopov, A. A. "Legislative features of regulation and state of criminal legal protection information of private character in the Baltic countries." In LEGAL SCIENCE, LEGISLATION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT: TRADITIONS AND NEW EUROPEAN APPROACHES. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-116-9-36.

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Niedzwiedz, Gerd. "Underwater Long-Term Observation at the Largest German Artificial Reef in the Baltic Sea." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92203.

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The Baltic Sea is one of the most frequented regions in the world. The Baltic neighbouring states more and more see the need to adapt their economic interests to the given ecological conditions. This can not always be done sufficiently, which can be seen at the example of coastal fishery in some of these countries. Owing to the critical condition of economically important fish stocks, selective fishing and fish-stock saving measures have become main fields of research. Supported by the European Union and by the federal state government we have tried in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern during the last four years to investigate the effects of an artificial Baltic reef with respect to fishing. For this purpose more than 1300 reef elements — made of a special sort of concrete and having different shapes and size — have been arranged on an area of 200 × 200 m at a water depth of 12 m about 1.5 m away from the coast. Over a period of almost four years different methods and techniques have been applied to observe and record the effects of these structures on the natural environment in a long-term investigation. Continuous video-optical underwater observation using up to nine simultaneously controlled underwater cameras proved to be a special technical challenge. Important results have been gained from a monitoring with research divers and from a defined test and comparison fishing done once every month. Various fishing methods have been applied — also those which are normally not common in that region. A special low-cost variant of a remote controlled underwater stereo photo camera has been developed and built in order to get biometric data of the fish without catching it.
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Mertha Sujana, I. Putu Windu, Sukadi Sukadi, Si Ngurah Ardhya, I. Made Riyan Cahyadi, and Ni Made Widya Sari. "Consensus State of The Hindu Community in Bali." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Law, Social Sciences, and Education, ICLSSE 2021, 09 September 2021, Singaraja, Bali, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.9-9-2021.2313657.

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