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1
Harvey, Nicola Ann. "The Legal Classification of Cryptocurrency in South African Law: An Argument for Classification as Currency." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31461.
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Cryptocurrency - and indeed the underlying blockchain technology in general - have the potential to become a dominant method of effecting the transfer of value in a manner that fundamentally shifts the way in which electronic transactions take place. South Africa is a strong emerging market with the potential to attract substantial investment in new technologies should its regulatory response to such innovation remain principled. The primary purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the most appropriate classification of cryptocurrency in South African law. The research is qualitative in nature. It considers selected aspects of the existing legislative framework and scholarly opinion in determining whether cryptocurrency is best classified as property or as currency. The necessary corollary of this research focus is to consider the fundamental importance of such a classification for legal policy design generally, and the practical effects thereof. This dissertation hypothesises that the value of the blockchain technology lies in its commercial viability and its potential scalability, particularly in the African context. Thus, the required objective of regulatory intervention should be to preserve the commercial viability of cryptocurrency and avoid stifling technological advancement, whilst simultaneously ensuring the protection of vulnerable users. The conclusion is that cryptocurrency is best classified as foreign currency. This dissertation acknowledges that although it is possible to fit such a classification into existing legislative frameworks, a more specialised structure is ultimately required. Additionally, it raises concern about the harm caused by reactive regulatory intervention and instead recommends a principled policy approach, cognisant of the need for maturation of the technology.
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Noor, Azman Bin Mohd. "Rape in Islamic law : problems of classification and adjudication." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29300.
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This research attempts to investigate rape as a crime according to Islamic criminal law. There have been many controversial issues pertaining to the notion of rape, its penal classification, punishment, adjudication and remedies for the victim. Rape in classical Islamic law has been seen as a crime correlated with zinā and as such should be treated similar to zinā in collecting evidence for prosecution as well as punishment. However, some modern scholars have suggested that rape is actually closer to hirāba on the basis that there are concepts of hirāba such as physical assault in rape. Interestingly, taking different classification of perceiving rape will leave open consequences of prosecution, proving and punishing. This research examines the appropriate punishment for rapists, issues of modern development in prosecution of rape, legal procedures, the rights of the accused as well as the rights of the victim based on the opinions and arguments of classical and modern Muslim jurisprudents from various schools of law.
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Zamir, Singer Noam Ziso. "Classification of conflicts in cases of foreign intervention in civil wars." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283965.
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Henderson, John. "A description of common law as a moving classification system." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433060.
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Laprise, Gisèle. "Contrats de distribution intégrée : classification et contenu." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56898.
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The distribution of products and merchandises can be done in various modes. The mode aimed by this study is the "integrated" distribution. It brings together a manufacturer and merchants who are linked by contract. The object of the latter is to oblige the merchants to buy, exclusively or not, the manufacturer's goods for reselling on their behalf. This resale is organized by the manufacturer who dictates to them the obligations concerning the sale and the maintenance of the goods.Those obligations engender contractual relationships on a regular basis between the parties which are essential for the commercial survival of the resalers. In fact, the latter put their enterprise of distribution at the manufacturer's disposal. Thus, the parties adhere to a same procedure of distribution because the manufacturer can follow his goods from the production to the consumption stage.
The preliminary chapter of this thesis specifies and elaborates the terminology in Quebec Law on the usual terms relative to those contracts. This was rendered necessary because of the influence of American terminology on the subject. This work naturally led to an historic overview of the contracts of integrated distribution in five major juridical systems: United States, England, Canada, France and Quebec.
The first chapter's purpose is to establish a classification of those contracts which are proteiforms. To this end, we used two types of criterion of classification, namely the economical criteria and the juridical criteria. The economical criteria will study the economic activity aimed by those contracts and the form of economic concentration which they represent. Our juridical criteria will analyse the clause of exclusivity and the clause of control.
Having thus established the criteria of classification, we will then, in a second chapter, examine the obligational content of the contracts of integrated distribution. These can be divided in two main categories according to whether they possess or not a clause of territoriality. Contracts that do not have a clause of territoriality can be divided between those which have or do not have the exclusivity of supply.
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Irish, Maureen 1949. "The harmonized system and tariff classification in Canada /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70330.
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This thesis examines the principles of tariff classification in Canadian customs law. Tariff appeals prior to implementation of the Harmonized System in January 1988 are analyzed. The General Rules for Interpretation of the Harmonized System are then discussed. The thesis throughout is that interpretation should not be limited to physical characteristics such as material composition. The naming of goods requires a contextual approach to interpretation which also takes into account their use in application.
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Szesnat, Felicity. "The applicability of the law of armed conflict regimes : the classification of armed conflicts in international law." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701646.
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Treaty rules governing the classification of armed conflicts have been said to give rise to problems in both theory and .practice. This requires examination, as classification determines the specific set of ius in bello rules which must be applied to a particular armed conflict. If classification rules are problematic, the treaty and/or customary rules critical to the protection of victims and the conduct of hostilities may not be applied. This thesis first examines the treaty classification system to determine its legal coherence and practical workability. Each category within this system is considered in order to identify the criteria and sub-criteria which need to be satisfied for cl situation to fall within it. In doing so, treaty negotiation records and commentaries, State practice, court judgments and commentators' writings are analyzed. The thesis also investigates whether certain types of armed conflicts fall outside the current system. Second, it determines whether there is a customary classification system, an issue which rarely receives attention. It is also examined for legal coherence and practical workability. . It is concluded that, in the main, the treaty classification system is legally coherent and workable in practice, although there are legal grey areas which require attention. It also concludes that there is a customary classification system, albeit one which is still emerging. Although this system clearly recognizes a distinction between international and non-international armed conflicts, whether there is more than one threshold for non-international armed conflicts is unclear. In addition, some of the criteria and sub-criteria are not clearly ascertainable, and their scope is also frequently unclear. These issues notwithstanding, assertions that the treaty classification system is inherently problematic are argued to be unfounded. The reluctance by some States to acknowledge that they are engaged in particular types of armed conflicts leads to a proposal that an independent, authoritative and contemporaneous mechanism for classification determination is desirable.
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Scott, Megan Beullah. "The classification of nature for share proceeds, case law vs S9C." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4550.
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Castillo, Freyre Mario. "On obligations and their classification." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108646.
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It’s impossible to conceive the human being without the Law of Obligations. This branch ofCivil Law allows persons to satisfy their needs,reason why it’s important to study it carefully.In this article, the author presents us an introductory study of what obligations are, as well as their diverse classification. Without a doubt, this is a mandatory reading for all lawyers and Law students.Es imposible concebir al ser humano sin el Derecho de las Obligaciones. Esta rama del Derecho Civil permite que las personas puedanver satisfechas sus necesidades, por lo que es importante estudiarla con cuidado.En el presente artículo, el autor nos presenta un estudio introductorio sobre qué son las obligaciones, así como su variada clasificación. Sin duda un material de lectura obligatoria paratodos los abogados y estudiantes de Derecho.
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Amajuoyi, Ugochi Christine. "Online peer-to-peer lending regulation : justification, classification and remit in UK law." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/28035.
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Despite its benefits, online peer-to-peer lending bears the risks associated with traditional forms of institutionalised lending. However, because individuals have taken over the role of the institutional lender, and the institutional participant in this form of lending takes a step back by acting only as an intermediary between the borrowers and lenders, ordinary individuals are left to bear the type of risks that institutions have traditionally borne, but without the same means of doing so. There has been little academic analysis of the role and form that regulation should take in the regulation of peer-to-peer lending and most discussions centre on the American regulatory experience. This thesis sets out to examine the theoretical classification of online peer-to-peer lending and the theoretical and practical justifications for regulating it. The aim is to ascertain the most appropriate way to regulate peer-to-peer lending, taking into account the underlying conceptual model which underpins it. The study adopts a theoretical analysis of P2PL participants and regulation based on the concepts of consumer protection and paternalism. It includes a doctrinal analysis of the UK peer-to-peer lending legislation and regulation to identify, describe and explain the rules pertaining to the industry. It also uses a comparative approach to compare P2PL with existing forms of financial lending and similar (dis)intermediated forms of transacting between individuals to show that online peer-to-peer lending is a unique form of intermediated transaction. The thesis argues that it is important that regulation displays an understanding of the underlying conceptual framework of the business model it aims to regulate. In doing so, it also argues that the peer-to-peer lending users are more than just ‘consumers’. They demonstrate a shift in the conception of individuals from consumers to prosumers because they participate in the production side of the services they receive. It goes further than existing discussions of prosumption by positing the concept of the ‘lendsumer’ to give a more accurate account of the role and experiences of peer-to-peer lenders and the effect this has on their transactional relationships and the risks they face because of this role. Based on this analysis, the thesis shows that the UK regulatory regime has limited suitability because it lacks awareness of the underlying prosumption model of peer-to-peer lending, focusing only on the business-to-consumer aspects. Consequently, it does not resolve all the issues resulting from the tripartite, participatory nature of the peer-to-peer lending transaction. In light of these findings, the thesis proposes the regulatory use of two main concepts and highlights their implications for peer-to-peer lending regulation. The first is the ‘lendsumer’ as a new paradigm of the consumer which has implications for the regulatory protections afforded to the P2P lenders. The second is the use of gatekeeper liability, adapted to online peer-to-peer lending, as a way to affect these protections in light of the particular vulnerabilities and risks experienced by the peer-to-peer lender.
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Moran, Marcus. "Joint-Employer Classification| NLRB Polarization in the Administration of Contingent Employee Labor Rights." Thesis, State University of New York Empire State College, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10607958.
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The National Labor Relations Act sets forth limited definitions of what it means to be an employer and an employee in the twentieth-century industrial economy, and bestows on the National Labor Relations Board the authority to classify employees and employers. The past half-century has witnessed the growth of triangular staffing arrangements such as franchises, independent contractors, temporary help services firms, and a service sector in which many contingent workers may not qualify as employees, leaving them unprotected by the Act. By examining Board decisions addressing joint-employer and independent contractor status since 1960, this paper has identified increased polarization—the tendency of Democratic and Republican Board members to vote in opposing, and often politicized directions—in Board decisions classifying employers and employees. The findings suggest that in determining worker eligibility for protection under the Act, the Board is more polarized than at any point in 50 years.
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Salmons, David. "The overlapping of legal concepts : a legal realist approach to the classification of private law." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3227/.
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The main aim of this research is two-fold; firstly, these chapters will seek to demonstrate the unreliability of theoretical or abstract approaches to legal reasoning in describing the law. Secondly, rather than merely providing a deconstruction of previous attempts to classify private law, the chapters attempt to construct an overlapping approach to classification. This represents a new way of classifying private law, which builds on the foundations of the lessons of legal realism and explains how classification can accommodate overlaps to assist in identifying the core elements of private law reasoning. Following the realist tradition, the thesis argues for narrower formulations of the concepts of property, contract and tort. It is then argued that within these narrower concepts, the law is made more predictable and clearer. Importantly, adopting the overlapping analysis, we can explain the areas that we have removed from property, contract and tort as overlaps with these core concepts. The purpose is to recognise that legal concepts can be best understood as links between facts and judicial decision making, and the best way to achieve this is to reject discrete categorisation and, instead, to recognise the overlapping of legal concepts.
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Banks, Theodore L. "Compliance : the new international law." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-176433.
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Theodore Banks is a partner at Scharf Banks Marmor LLC in Chicago, and President of Compliance & Competition Consultants, LLC. He is the editor of the Corporate Legal Compliance Handbook, published by Wolters-Kluwer, and an adjunct professor at Loyola University Chicago School of Law, where he teaches corporate compliance. This article is based on a presentation to the University of Denver Sturm College of Law (March 2015).
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Bittmann, Folker. "Internal investigations under German Law." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-176443.
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Folker Bittmann is a chief prosecutor and has served as head of the Public Prosecutor’s Office in Dessau-Roßlau, Germany since 2005. Prior to his current position, he worked as a lawyer in Heidelberg, a prosecutor in Darmstadt and Frankfurt, and a chief prosecutor in Halle/Saale. He is the editor and author of a handbook on criminal insolvency law, as well as an author of various articles on property law, white-collar crime, and criminal procedure law. Additionally, he is an advisor to an association on white-collar crime (Wirtschaftsstrafrechtliche Vereinigung e.V.) and is a member of the practice group of the Center for Criminal Compliance at the University of Gießen.
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Ahmed, Mukarrum. "A comparative study of the fundamental juridical nature, classification and private law enforcement of jurisdiction and choice of law agreements in the English common law of conflict of laws, the European Union private international law regime and the Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230177.
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During the course of this PhD thesis, it will be argued that it is misconceived to think of jurisdiction and choice of law agreements as unilaterally enforced domestic private law obligations within an English 'dispute resolution' paradigm because multilateral private international law rules are essentially secondary rules for the allocation of regulatory authority which may not permit a separation of functions or the relative effect of such agreements. In other words, a multilateral system for the public ordering of private law will assume priority over or trump the existence of the private law rights and obligations of the parties to the jurisdiction and choice of law agreement and the unilateral enforcement of such rights via anti-suit injunctions and the damages remedy. Otherwise, the private law enforcement of the mutual contractual obligation not to sue in a noncontractual forum attributed to an exclusive jurisdiction agreement may operate as a 'unilateral private international law rule' with a controversial and confrontational allocative function of its own. It may lead to the 'privatization of court access' by dubiously perpetuating and prioritizing the unilateral private ordering of private law over the multilateral public ordering of private law. Moreover, the enforcement of jurisdiction and choice of law agreements by private law remedies within a multilateral system will necessarily distort the allocative or distributive function of private international law rules by giving precedence to the redistributive will of the parties premised on principles of corrective justice inter partes of questionable applicability. International structural order is compromised in the unilateral private law enforcement of jurisdiction and choice of law agreements as such enforcement gives rise to a clash of sovereign legal orders and also the possibility of 'regime collision' by interfering with the jurisdiction, judgments and choice of law apparatus of foreign courts which a multilateral conception of private international law is supposed to prevent in the first place. However, this PhD thesis will argue that outside the confines of the EU private international law regime, the variable geometry that is characteristic of the international commercial litigation sphere may not impede the separation of functions within such agreements. Whether an English court ought to grant a pragmatic private law remedy enforcing such agreements is of course another matter. Ultimately, a more comprehensive concept of transnational justice in private international law disputes informed by methodological pluralism needs to be developed. A notion of transnational justice which seeks to simultaneously balance the competing demands of the notion of 'conflicts justice' which prioritizes ex ante multilateral allocative imperatives and the idea of an ex post material justice between the litigating parties in the individual instance.
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DiDomizio, Richard, Afina Lupulescu, and Martin E. Glicksman. "Simulation of Fick’s verification of the 2nd law." Diffusion fundamentals 4 (2006) 2, S. 1-14, 2006. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14275.
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Adolph Fick’s original diffusion experiments used two vessels containing water and salt to establish a steady-state concentration gradient that demonstrated the validity of what is now called Fick’s second law of diffusion. The first vessel had a cylindrical shape
creating a linear gradient. The second vessel was shaped like a funnel having a correspondent variable flow area. Using Fick’s second law, general solutions for any shape of the vessel are developed for steady diffusion in two and three dimensions, respectively. Two dimensional random walks were performed via computer simulations, and the numerical results are compared to continuum theory. Provided that a sufficiently large number of steps are simulated to allow the random walkers to traverse the total diffusion path, good agreement is achieved between discrete “molecular” motions (random walk) and the classical continuum description provided by
scalar field theory (partial differential equations).
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Schulze, Christian [Verfasser]. "Retrieval and Classification of Visual Information -- Supporting Law Enforcement Investigations of Child Sexual Abuse / Christian Schulze." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1120764149/34.
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Wakefield, Yvonne. "The Classification, for purposes of the calculation of taxable income, of land and assets incidental to land, that are used as trading stock." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4574.
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In calculating the taxable income of a taxpayer, items of income and expenditure are classified as being either capital or revenue in nature, and are treated differently according to such classification. Over the years, a debate has emerged regarding the classification of items of income that are either part of the ground or accede to it, but which are treated by the taxpayer as trading stock. The debate extends to the classification of items of expenditure laid out in the production of income and for the purposes of trade, but which relate to land or things adhered to land. Items forming the subject matter of the discussion include sand, stone, coal, trees and other plants to be used not for the sale or use of their fruit, but for sale or use themselves
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Strijdom, Glyniece Candice da Costa. "The duplication in the classification of funeral insurance and its effect on the policyholder: A comparative study." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78732.
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"Death is inevitable. A funeral, in one form or another, regardless of culture or religion, is inevitable. Obtaining insurance cover for a funeral is usually easy, generally affordable, and most importantly: based on an inevitability.
It is therefore not surprising that funeral insurance is a considerable portion of Life Insurance business in South Africa. Countless South Africans ensure that, even if they have no other insurance policies in place, they have, at the very least, funeral cover for themselves or their loved ones.
In terms of the Insurance Act 18 of 2017, there are a total of nine classes of Life Insurance Business, namely: Risk, Fund Risk, Credit Life, Funeral, Life Annuities, Individual Investment, Fund Investment, Income Drawdown and Reinsurance. Funeral cover can be underwritten under either the Risk class or the Funeral class of Life Insurance Business.
The classes of Life Insurance Business have various prudential and market conduct standards that need to be adhered to. Although some of these standards are constant throughout the various classes, there are some standards that differ. The mini-dissertation explores these differences, as well as what effect these differences would have on the public.
In essence, the author discusses the two classes in which funeral insurance
can be underwritten, the various standards that are applicable to the two classes, as well as whether or not the choice of class would ultimately affect the policyholder, and if so, if said effect is to the policyholder’s detriment."Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Fries, Martin. "Private law compliance through smart contracts?" Universität Leipzig, 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21214.
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Smart contracts allow for automated compliance with contractual rules. They derive their “smartness” from an execution software that catches the most typical defaults and responds by mechanically triggering a compensation payment or another prearranged consequence. Through this self-enforcement mode, smart contracts are able to save time and effort that is associated with more customary rights enforcement mechanisms. Now, whereas compliance with in-house rules or corporate governance standards is common today, compliance with contract law only occurs on a voluntary basis. This might, however, change if businesses should be obliged to automatically meet customer claims through smart contracts. On the basis of a sample case, this article examines the pros and cons of smart consumer contracts and carves out the most suitable applications of smart contracts as a means to ensure private law compliance.
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Amecke, Nicole, André Heber, and Frank Cichos. "Distortion of power law blinking with binning and thresholding." AIP Publishing, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21262.
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Fluorescence intermittency is a random switching between emitting (on) and non-emitting (off) periods found for many single chromophores such as semiconductor quantum dots and organic molecules. The statistics of the duration of on- and off-periods are commonly determined by thresholding the emission time trace of a single chromophore and appear to be power law distributed. Here we test with the help of simulations if the experimentally determined power law distributions can actually reflect the underlying statistics. We find that with the experimentally limited time resolution real power law statistics with exponents αon/off ≳ 1.6, especially if αon ≠ αoff would not be observed as such in the experimental data after binning and thresholding. Instead, a power law appearance could simply be obtained from the continuous distribution of intermediate intensity levels. This challenges much of the obtained data and the models describing the so-called power law blinking.
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Glicksman, Martin Eden, Richard DiDomizio, and Afina Lupulescu. "Theory and simulation of Fick’s historical verification of the 2nd law." Diffusion fundamentals 2 (2005) 3, S. 1-2, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14332.
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Bennett, Mikayla Anne, and Mikayla Anne Bennett. "Expanding the "particular social group" classification in asylum law: an analysis of matter of A-R-C-G-." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626761.
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This legal note will analyze the repercussions stemming from the Matter of A-R-C-G- in
asylum law. This case allowed women who had endured domestic violence to receive asylum in
the United States under the particular social group classification. Part I will discuss the facts and
analysis in the Matter of A-R-C-G- case as decided by the Board of Immigration Appeals. Part II
will analyze the particular social group classification and its evolution over time. This part will
also compare the elements of domestic violence in Matter of A-R-C-G- to the particular social
group requirement so as to explain how to apply for asylum under this label. Part III will
hypothesize how the precedent set by this case could be expanded to allow women persecuted by
gang violence to successfully apply for asylum in the United States.
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Hellsten, Jacob. "Klassficering av förmögenhetsöverföringar inom bolagssektorn : ur ett civilrättsligt och skatterättsligt perspektiv." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2459.
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There exist a number of different types of value transfers between companies in a group. Most of these transfers are undertaken on the basis of private law. These transfers also give rise to tax law consequences. Taxation is normally based on how the classifications of transfers are made in private law, which means that there exists a relation between private law and tax law. Despite this relation, the classification is not always made in the same way in private law and tax law. The reason for that is the different purposes of the two rule complexes, purposes that are not always compatible. Tax law terms have to, to some extent, be adaptable to different circumstances. If not, the taxation will not be enough functional or effective. Deviation from civil law terms is however sometimes made without any evident motive.
The thesis treats various problems created by the use in tax legislation of terms that originally belong to private law. The terms that are considered each represent a certain legal act; they all have their own characteristics that as well have proved to vary depending on the context and the underlying legal interests that need to be fulfilled. My objective has been to identify variations and to find the causes of them. The thesis reveals many variations and differences between civil law and tax law regarding the classification of value transfers.
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Moinester, Murray, Eliezer Piasetzky, and Jörg Kärger. "Testing the (time)1/4 quartic root diffusion law of ceramics rehydroxylation." Diffusion fundamentals 24 (2015) 35, S. 1, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14550.
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Perez, Tiffany A. "The elephant in the virtual law classroom." Universität Leipzig, 2021. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74488.
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Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, law schools had to pivot to virtual legal education
quickly. In the wake of the pandemic, scholars have eagerly written about the dos
and don’ts of the virtual law classroom. Although some articles have represented
the law students’ perspective and some have represented the law professor’s
perspective, none have done both in an attempt to create empathy and bridge the
gap between what students’ desire, and what law professors are currently
providing, and what good virtual legal education requires. As such, based on several
interviews with law professors and students, this Article begins by describing one
online Contracts class first from the professor’s point of view and then from the
student’s point of view. The professor and students’ different perceptions of the
same class are then analogized to John Godfrey Saxe’s poem The Blind Men and
the Elephant. Then, using the Kübler-Ross Grief Cycle as a vehicle to build
empathy and understanding, this article attempts to demonstrate the similarities
that exists between students and professors’ feelings about online virtual
education, namely that both professors and students alike are avidly grieving a
common loss: in-person, Socratic law school days of old. As such, they are both
experiencing denial and anger about their situations. In keeping with one of the key
strategies recommended by the Mayo Clinic for overcoming denial in grief, this
article “journals” their realities and provides both the student and professor perspective in the hopes that, by doing so, it will rid the misconceptions and bridge
the way for a new type of virtual legal education to be created—one that meets
(and/or exceeds) both professors’ and students’ expectations.
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Venter, Cindy Michelle. "An assessment of the South African law governing breach of contract : a consideration of the relationship between the classification of breach and the resultant remedies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49835.
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Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African system of breach of contract recognizes several distinct forms of breach. each encompassing its own set of requirements. Before one is able to determine the outcome and accordingly the rights of each contracting party in respect of an alleged breach of contract. the factual situation must be fitted into one of the recognized forms of breach. This has resulted in a highly complex system of breach of contract and resultant remedies. The existence of a direct relationship between the form of breach present in a factual situation and the remedies available to the innocent party is a fundamental premise of South African law and one that is often accepted without much investigation. This thesis investigates the extent of this interdependence and to establish whether this intricate system is necessary from a practical and a theoretical point of view. To this end. the thesis examines the less complex system of breach of contract as embodied in the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods C·CISG'·) which has been widely adopted in international trade. and which has provided a template for the reformation of various national systems of law. This study concludes that the South African approach to breach of contract and remedies is in need of reform. and that a unitary concept of breach could provide a basis for both a simplification and modernization of our law.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse Kontraktereg erken verskeie verskyningsvorms van kontrakbreuk, elk met sy eie besondere vereistes. Ten einde die uitkoms van probleemsituasies waarin kontrakbreuk beweer word te bepaal en derhalwe die regte van die betrokkenes uit te kristalliseer. moet die feitestelonder die een of ander vorm van kontrakbreuk tuisgebring te word. Hierdie benadering het 'n besonder komplekse stelsel van kontrakbreuk en remedies tot gevolg. 'n Fundamentele uitgangspunt van die Suid-Afrikaanse stelsel is dat daar Il direkte korrelasie bestaan tussen die tipe van kontrakbreuk wat in 'n bepaalde geval teenwoordig is en die remedies waarop die onskuldige party kan staatmaak. Hierdie siening, wat meerendeel sonder bevraagtekening aanvaar word, vorm die fokuspunt van hierdie ondersoek. Die oogmerk is om die praktiese nuttigheid en teoretiese houbaarheid van die benadering vas te stel. As 'n vergelykingspunt neem die tesis die vereenvoudigde sisteem van kontrakbreuk beliggaam in die Verenigde Nasies se Konvensie aangaande die Internasionale Koopkontrak ("CISG"). Hierdie verordening geniet wye erkenning in die Internasionale Handel en het alreeds die grondslag gevorm van verskeie inisiatiewe vir die hervonning van Il aantal nasionale regstelsels. Die gevolgtrekking is dat die Suid-A frikaanse benadering tot kontrakbreuk en die remedies daarvoor hervorming benodig en dat die opvatting van 'n sg uniforme kontrakbreuk as 'n basis kan dien vir die vereenvoudiging en modernisering van ons reg.
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Beke, Dezső L., and Zoltán Erdélyi. "On the validity of the Einstein’s Relation and the Fick I Law on the nanoscale: On the validity of the Einstein’s Relation and the Fick I Law on thenanoscale." Diffusion fundamentals 2 (2005) 43, S. 1-16, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14375.
Full textAbstract:
The classical Einstein’s relation for the Brownian migration has a mesoscopic character and it deteriorates when e.g. diffusion in
solids is considered in the nanoscale (i.e. if the diffusion distance is comparable with the atomic spacing). This behaviour is strongly
related to the well-known diffusion paradox, predicting infinitely fast diffusion kinetics at short times (distances). Indeed, according to the Fick I law the gradient is infinite if there is a discontinuity in the density at the beginning (which is the case in typical interdiffusion measurements). In this paper these questions and a possible resolution of the above paradox will be discussed on the basis of results obtained in our Laboratory.
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Le, Sagère Laurie. "Du régime de l'auto-entrepreneur vers un droit de l'auto-entrepreneuriat." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD034.
Full textAbstract:
Le régime de l’auto-entrepreneur connaît depuis sa création un succès considérable en termes d’adhésions. Mais son principe phare de simplification en fait sa propre faiblesse. D’un régime social et fiscal incitatif constituant une alternative au chômage, l’auto-entrepreneuriat suscite aussi la tentation de l’abus. A l’examen attentif de ses motivations et de la réalisation économique de son projet-entrepreneurial, la réalité de l’auto-entrepreneur émerge. A l’image d’entrepreneur autonome libre de ses choix se superposent les nécessités d’un travailleur, employeur de lui-même et de nul autre, employé de lui-même à défaut de l’être par un autre. Après avoir analysé les séductions et les travers du régime, l’étude propose de sécuriser l’auto-entrepreneuriat en explorant les potentialités du droit du travail à l’accueillir. L’observation des dispositifs similaires des voisins européens dresse une perspective plausible d’émergence d’un droit de l’auto-entrepreneuriat dès lors qu’il n’attente pas à celui des autres acteurs économiques, en premier lieu celui des salariésSelf-employment scheme have been considerably successful since their introduction. However, its flagship principle of simplification is also its main weakness. While self-employment schemes provide social and fiscal alternatives to unemployment, they can also be easily abused. The reality of self-employment emerges from an assessment of a project’s motivating factors and of its economic implementation. The image of an autonomous entrepreneur with freedom of choices becomes superimposed with the needs of a worker, employing himself and nobody else, employed by himself and not by someone else. After having analyzed the appeals and faults of self-employment scheme, this study proposes more secure self-employment principles by exploring the potential of its inclusion in labour law. An observation of similar mechanisms in neighboring European countries suggests a plausible perspective for the emergence of stronger self-employment right, as long as this does not violate the rights of other economic actors, primarily that of salaried employees.The image of an autonomous entrepreneur with freedom of choices becomes superimposed with the needs of a worker, employing himself and nobody else, employed by himself and not by someone else
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Basilio, Bernardo I. "Knowledge-based classification scheme for regulating the flow of hazardous materials through tunnels." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91097.
Full textAbstract:
Safety is a major concern for tunnel operators. Local authorities responsible for tunnel facilities are concerned with developing restrictions for hazardous materials passing through the facility that will reduce the risk of death and injury, to an extent that these restrictions do not burden commerce unnecessarily.
Hazardous material regulatory controls for tunnels are extensive, detailed, and subject to constant changes. The general lack of expertise in tunnel personnel and the lack of a scientific basis leading to the development of these regulations have created problems to local tunnel authorities when updating the restrictions, or when faced with new materials introduced by the industry. Traditionally, most regulatory restrictions enforced both at the federal and the local level are based exclusively on subjective estimation by a panel of experts and on political influence. Experts, however, are not readily available and are expensive to maintain. The need for immediate decisions has constrained tunnel operators to rely on their own intuition in addressing real time transport safety problems in tunnel facility.
To address some of these problems, this research investigates the application of knowledge engineering tools to develop a consultative regulatory control system. Specifically, this study presents a structural framework for developing a knowledge-based expert system as an aid to decision-making in tunnel transport safety.
The regulatory problem is modeled as a classification type of problem, which lends itself neatly to an expert system application. Heuristic problem solver which is commonly used in solving classification problem involves the systematic matching of the attributes of an unknown entity to a set of pre-defined solutions. For this study's application, the regulatory groupings inherent in existing tunnel regulations are the basis for developing the solution space. The computer program developed uses knowledge which specifies the appropriate regulation applicable to a new commodity based on the material's physical and chemical properties.M.S.
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Caspar-Bures, Bettina. "The criminal responsibility of associations under Austrian Law." Universität Leipzig, 2020. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72842.
Full textAbstract:
The Austrian Act of Corporate Criminal Liability came into force on January 1, 2006.
Since then, associations can be penalized for judicially criminal acts of their decisionmakers and / or employees. A criminal liability of the association presupposes that
the offense was committed in favor of the association and, that the criminal offense
violates the duties determined by the association (association duties).
In the case of a violation against the VbVG, the court will impose an association fine,
which depends on the annual yield of the association. In addition, an instruction can
be issued for compensation for damage.
In 2018 there were counted 341 preliminary investigations against associations, of
which only 28 resulted in an indictment. Only in five cases, there was a conviction,
and an association fine was imposed.
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Eklind, Anna. "Företags investeringsutgifter för datorprogram : en inkomstskatterättslig analys." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1861.
Full textAbstract:
The legal situation of companies costs for investing in computer software in an income tax law perspective is described by a tax law guidance that generelly acount these costs according the principles of research and development. If there is any reason to classify the costs differently, it could mean that immediate deduction not will be allowed. For this reason it is important to establish what the legal situation would be in a more nuanced tax law classification. The tax law categories that will be analysed in the thesis are research and development, inventories, intangible assets, stocks and ongoing projects. The purpose of this thesis is mainly to give examples of what such an income tax law classification can look like.While dealing with the problems of classifying the costs some situations of competition will occure. My conclusion is that it is important to bring out the multiplicity and the comlpexity that marks the legal situation in question. In each specific case yet some situations can occure that I haven’t been close to border on. The income tax law classification of companies costs in computer software shall be descided with the very purpose of the specific investment in mind and as only parameter.
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Braga, Raquel Xavier Vieira. "Investigando a operatividade das imunidades tributárias." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/152874.
Full textAbstract:
A presente dissertação examina o instituto jurídico da imunidade tributária. Para tanto, dedica-se na primeira parte à sua definição, razão pela qual analisa o uso da palavra imunidade, preparando o trabalho para investigar a espécie normativa na qual a imunidade tributária está inserida. A partir de então, analisa a forma de atuação da norma imunizante. Compreendidos o conteúdo, os fundamentos e as características das imunidades, realiza a definição conceitual de imunidade tributária, o que permite partir para segunda parte do trabalho: seu estudo classificatório. Nele, investiga-se a operatividade das imunidades tributárias da seguinte forma: primeiramente, é examinada a forma de direcionamento da norma; em segundo lugar, analisa-se como a norma imunizante se manifesta no texto constitucional; em terceiro lugar, reflete-se sobre a abrangência da norma quanto às espécies tributárias e às situações as quais a norma alcança; num quarto momento, investiga-se a força normativa das imunidades tributárias para, na quinta etapa, debruçar-se sobre a eficácia normativa da imunidade tributária; e, por fim, o trabalho analisa o seu modo de interpretação, examinando os critérios sistemáticos que controlam a interpretação da norma imunizante.This paper examines the legal institute of tax immunity. In order to do such, it dedicates on the first step to define tax immunity, which reason is to analyse the use of the word immunity to investigate the type of standard which tax immunity is inserted. As a result, it analyses the acting form of the immunizing rule. After understanding the content, the aims and the characteristics of the immunities, this work defines the concept of the tax immunity which leads to its classificatory study, the second step of this paper. This study investigates the operativity of the immunities in this way: first, examines the direction’s form of the rule. Second, analyses the rule’s manifestation in constitutional terms. In a third moment, reflects about the rule’s coverage related to taxes sorts and the situations which the rule achieves. Moreover, investigates the rule’s strength of the tax immunity. Furthermore, examines the efficacy of the tax immunity. Finally, the analysis is focused on its interpretation type, that investigates the systematic criteria which controls the interpretation of the immunizing rule.
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Schneider, Hendrik. "Rezension zu: Legal upheaval : a guide to creativity, collaboration, and innovation in law / Michele deStefano. Chicago 2008. ISBN 781641051200." Universität Leipzig, 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32047.
Full textAbstract:
Founder and Content Curator of CEJ, Michele DeStefano recently published her new book
Legal Upheaval: A Guide to Creativity, Collaboration and Innovation in Law, adressing
the overthrow in the market for legal services and the associated challenges for the sector.
Michele DeStefano is the founder and director of LawWithoutWalls and a Professor of
Law at Miami Law. She is an expert in entrepreneurship in the law. Her scholarship
focuses on the growing intersections between law and business and legal entrepreneurship.
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Surendranath, Anup. "Judicial discourse on India's affirmative action policies : the challenge and potential of sub-classification." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:69493f4c-a6e3-48df-bee1-08bc3c8f4a41.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is primarily concerned with the distribution of quotas in higher education and public employment within identified beneficiary groups. In a system of quotas based on preferential treatment of groups, the question about which members of the group must benefit over others is a crucial one. One of the main themes in the thesis is to critically analyse the judicial understanding about the nature of these groups. The homogeneity (in backwardness) that is attached to beneficiary groups in differing degrees is challenged in the thesis using the examples of Scheduled Castes and Muslims within the Other Backward Classes category. The differences within beneficiary groups have great significance for the fairness of India’s reservation policies. By ignoring internal differences, the most marginalised groups are left behind in terms of accessing the benefits of reservations. I have argued that any attempt to address the issue of sub-classification must begin by recognising multiple axis of marginalisation within the framework of intersectionality. This lack of sufficient engagement with the issue of sub-classification highlights the failure of the Supreme Court of India to develop a normative framework within which reservations might be viewed. This lack of normative clarity informs spheres of reservations like higher education and public employment along with according homogenous treatment to beneficiary groups internally. The Supreme Court has viewed reservations in higher education and public employment as essentially performing the same function. I have argued that reservations in these spheres perform different functions and the resulting obligations on the state in terms of constitutional justifications must also differ. While the demands for sub-classification present an opportunity to make distribution of reservations fairer, it also exposes the limitation of reservations as a tool of social transformation.
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Bhusal, Dharma Raj. "Economic Crime : Law and Legal Practice in the context of Nepal." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200901495.
Full textAbstract:
The doctoral thesis is dealing with the phenomenon of economic crime in the context of Nepal, i.e. a developing country situated between two big emerging States, China and India. The study starts by explaining objectives and methods of the work, then it gives a short overview about the actual social, economic and political situation of Nepal. Chapter 3 concentrates on the definitions of "economic crime" and describes seven different types, starting with corruption and ending with money laundering. The explanation of these various types is completed by sketching the relevant working agencies the task of which is to fight against specific crimes. In the next chapter, the author at first shows the structure of the Nepali legal order and organisation, before he is looking at various laws/acts relating to economic crime. At the end of chapter 4, he is trying to compare those laws and to assess their stringency and efficiency. Chapter 5 deals more detailledly with relevant working agencies and is structured similar to the previous one, i.e. it explains the organisation, task and powers of each agency as well as their cooperation and, at the end, it tries to assess common features, parallels as well as divergencies between them. Chapter 6 is based upon field studies of the author. On the one hand, it shows the results from questionnaires which were handed out to a lot of persons in Nepal and which might give a rather broad impression about various aspects of economic crime in this country. On the other hand, a very prominent case (Governor and Director of Nepal Rastra Bank) is looked at more intensively, and the author has scanned important original documents in order to give a clear account of its main features. At last, by summing up theoretical, normative and empirical components the author has been caused to deliver some proposals of his own for remedies relating to economic crime, in particular concerning improvements of control mechanisms and establishing a single working agency with different departments for the fight against economic crimeDie rechtswissenschaftliche Dissertation befasst sich mit dem Phänomen von "economic crime" (Wirtschaftsstraftaten) im Kontext Nepals, d.h. eines Entwicklungslandes, das zwischen zwei großen Schwellenländern, China und Indien, gelegen ist. Die Untersuchung beginnt mit einer Erläuterung von Zielen und Methoden der Arbeit und gibt dann einen kurzen Überblick über die gegenwärtige gesellschaftliche, wirtschaftliche und politische Lage Nepals. Kap. 3 widmet sich den Definitionen von "economic crime" und beschreibt sieben unterschiedliche Typen, von Korruption bis Geldwäsche. Die Darstellung dieser verschiedenen Typen wird ergäzt durch einen Blick auf die zuständigen staatlichen Stellen, die mit dem Kampf gegen "economic crime" befasst sind. Im nächsten Kapitel zeigt der Verfasser zunächst die Struktur der Rechtsordnung und Staatsorganisation Nepals auf, bevor er sich zahlreichen Rechtsvorschriften bezüglich "economic crime" zuwendet. Am Schluss des 4. Kapitels ist er bestrebt, diese Vorschriften zu vergleichen und ihre Stringenz und Effizienz zu würdigen. Kap. 5 befasst sich ausführlicher mit den zuständigen (Verwaltungs-) Stellen und ist ähnlich aufgebaut wie das vorherige, d.h. es erläutert Aufbau, Aufgabe und Befugnisse jeder Stelle sowie deren Zusammenarbeit und versucht schließlich, Gemeinsamkeiten, Parallelen und Unterschiede zu verdeutlichen. Kap. 6 stützt sich auf Feldstudien des Verfassers. Einerseits zeigt es die Ergebnisse einer Erhebung per Fragebogen auf, den eine Vielzahl von Personen in Nepal erhielten und ausfüllten und durch den wichtige Eindrücke über verschiedene Aspekte von "economic crime" in diesem Land vermittelt werden. Andererseits wird ein überaus prominenter Fall (Gouverneur und Direktor der Nepal Rastra Bank) eigehender erörtert und der Verfasser gibt im Text wichtige Originaldokumente wieder, um die wesentlichen Züge dieses Vorfalls deutlich zu machen. Abschließend stützt sich der Verfasser auf theoretische, normative und empirische Erkenntnisse zur Unterbreitung eigener Vorschläge für Maßnahmen ("remedies") gegen "economic crime", vor allem im Hinblick auf eine Verbesserung der Überwachung und des Vollzugs sowie der Errichtung einer einzigen zuständigen Behörde mit mehreren Abteilungen zum Kampf gegen Wirtschaftsstraftaten
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De, Smet Karel, and Elke Janssens. "Criminal liability of legal entities under Belgian law: A high-level overview." Universität Leipzig, 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36367.
Full textAbstract:
The principle that legal entities can be held criminally liable was first introduced into
Belgian law in 1999. Some 20 years later, Belgian Parliament reviewed the rules, and
adopted a number of significant changes. The present article offers a high-level overview of
the currently applicable legal regime.
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Rwezaura, Bart. "Constraining factors of the adoption of Kiswahili as a language of the law in Tanzania." Swahili Forum; 1 (1994), S. 109-126, 1994. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A10560.
Full textAbstract:
The political and economic problems of language policy in modern Africa have continued to remind us of the unforgettable historical fact of European colonialism. Today there are two major regions of Africa known as Anglo-phone and Franco-phone Africa. Much as many African leaders would have wished to discard the language of the former colonial power and substitute an indigenous language, this was problematic because in many cases there was not a single widely-spoken local language In some cases any attempt to raise the status of one indigenous language into a national language might have provoked wasteful inter-ethnic conflict.
39
Albert, Theresa. "(Book Review) The Client-Centered Law Firm: How to Succeed in an Experience-Driven World." Universität Leipzig, 2020. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70823.
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Schmidt, Christopher. "Allgemeines Verwaltungsrecht, Verwaltungsprozessrecht und Kommunalrecht: Finanzhaie in Ludwigswerk?: Referendarexamensklausur." De Gruyter, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71409.
Full textAbstract:
Die einfach gelagerte Klausur ist im Kommunalrecht verortet, dessen Grundzüge Gegenstand der ersten Prüfung sind. Aufgabenstellung und Lösung orientieren sich an zwei jüngeren Entscheidungen des OVG Münster aus dem Mai 2014, in denen es um die Zulässigkeit von Bürgerbegehren in Bornheim bzw. Schwelm ging1, wobei es für eine gelungene Klausur darauf ankommt, die wesentlichen Probleme zu erkennen und entsprechend zu diskutieren. Zusätzlich sind Problemlagen des allgemeinen Verwaltungsrechts und des Verwaltungsprozessrechts berücksichtigt.
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McKenzie, Lynn Marie. "A new approach to the classification of religious institutes the 1977 Schema and subsequent legal developments especially in light of responses from various English speaking countries /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Kuhn, Anna Kristina, and Marie-Isabel Heinz. "Digitization in the health sector in the trade-off between technical and legislative possibilities and legal limits according to German law." Universität Leipzig, 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32045.
Full textAbstract:
In May 2018, the 121st German Medical Association in Erfurt decided to relax the prohibition
of exclusive remote treatment which had previously been standardized in the Model
Professional Code of Conduct for physicians working in Germany (MBO-Ä). With this,
the German Medical Association has responded to the continuing call for progress and
further development in terms of digitization. Nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered,
such as the implementation and interpretation of the provisions of § 7 para. 4
MBO-Ä in its new wording and their embedding in existing regulations. Data protection,
which defines the legal limits of remote treatment, also plays an important role here.
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Lohse, Christian, and Albrecht Greule. "Vorwort: Namen und Recht in Europa / Names and the Law in Europe, Akten der Tagung in Regensburg, 16. und 17. April 2015 / Conference Papers, Regensburg, 16 and 17 April 2015." Deutsche Gesellschaft für Namenforschung (GfN), 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A17074.
Full textAbstract:
Dass sich Namen und Recht in einem Schnittbereich befinden, wird dann besonders deutlich, wenn man von Namengeboten und Namenverboten, z.B. bei der Benennung von Personen oder Waren, betroffen ist. Erstaunlich ist, dass weder die Rechtswissenschaft noch die Onomastik sich mit dem Schnittbereich gemeinsam und interdisziplinär auseinandergesetzt haben. Dieses Manko wollte die Tagung „Namen und Recht in Europa“ am 16. und 17. April 2015 in Regensburg, gemeinsam veranstaltet von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Namenforschung und dem Arbeitskreis Sprache und Recht der Universität Regensburg, beseitigen.
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Kremer, Dieter. "Grußwort: Namen und Recht in Europa / Names and the Law in Europe, Akten der Tagung in Regensburg, 16. und 17. April 2015 / Conference Papers, Regensburg, 16 and 17 April 2015." Deutsche Gesellschaft für Namenforschung (GfN), 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A17075.
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Eberl, Justus. "Wald in Raum und Öffentlichkeit." BoD - Books on Demand, 2021. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74108.
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Bleicken, Kai Christian, Elisabeth Engels, and Hendrik Schneider. "Between criminal law and corporate social responsibility: Drug Donations to HCPS and HCIS in the Age of the Coronavirus." Universität Leipzig, 2020. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70815.
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Ulčinskaitė, Jurgita. "Klasifikacinių bendrovių vaidmuo ir atsakomybė užtikrinant saugią laivybą." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20061216_095112-20213.
Full textAbstract:
Baigiamajame darbe yra analizuojamas klasifikacinių bendrovių vaidmuo užtikrinant
saugią laivybą, jų atsakomybės pagrindai bei reikšmė ir teisės aktai reglamentuojantys
klasifikacinių bendrovių veiklą.
Šio darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti klasifikacinių bendrovių funkcijas ir įrodyti klasifikacinių
bendrovių atsakomybės buvimą ir svarbą siekiant užtikrinat saugią laivybą, aptarti bendrovių
santykį su vėliavos valstybe ir laivų savininkais, aptarti laivų apžiūros ir saugumo sertifikavimo
patikimumą ir klasifikacinės sistemos reformos galimybes. Tikslas buvo pasiektas naudojant
duomenų rinkimo, surinktos informacijos analizės, aprašymo metodais ir siekiant užsibrėžtų
uždavinių.
Analitinėje darbo dalyje gana išsamiai išaiškintos klasifikacinių bendrovių atsiradimo
priežastys, įstatyminės ir klasifikacinės funkcijos, jų skirtumai bei atliekamos inspekcijos.
Aptariama Tarptautinės klasifikacinių bendrovių asociacijos reikšmė, išdėstyti reikalavimai
įgaliotoms pripažintoms organizacijoms. Atskirai aptariama klasifikacinių bendrovių techninių
nuostatų atitikimo tarptautiniams teisės aktams reikšmė ir klasės liudijimų kokybės problema.
Išanalizuotos sutarties, kuri sudaroma tarp valstybės nacionalinės administracijos ir pripažintas
klasifikacinės bendrovės, siekiant jų vardu inspektuoti vėliavos laivus ir išduoti tarptautinėse
konvencijose nustatytus liudijimus, standartinės sąlygos. Aptarta Lietuvos saugios laivybos
administracijos vykdoma įgaliotos klasifikacinės bendrovės veiklos... [to full text]The final thesis analyzes the role of classification societies in ensuring maritime safety, the basis and meaning of their responsibility, as well as legal acts regulating the activity of classification societies. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the functions of classification societies and to prove the existence of their responsibility and the importance of their role in search for maritime safety, to discuss the relationship of such societies with the country the flag of which the ships are flying and with the owners of the ships, to discuss the reliability of ship inspection and safety certification and the possibilities for the reform of the classification system. The aim of the thesis was met by using data collection, analysis of the collected data, description methods and trying to meet the set objectives. A thorough explanation of the reasons for the establishment of classification societies, their legal and classification functions, differences and performed inspections is provided in the analytical part of the thesis. The role of the International Association of Classification Societies and the requirements for authorized accredited organizations are discussed here as well. The importance of the compliance of technical regulations of classification societies with international legal acts and the problem of the class certification quality are dealt with separately. There is an analysis of standard terms and conditions of the agreement that is drawn between the... [to full text]
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Elliesie, Hatem, Peter Scholz, Beate Backe, and Kai Kreutzberger. "Zeitschrift für Recht und Islam (ZR&I)." Gesellschaft für Arabisches und Islamisches Recht e.V, 2017. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A15664.
Full textAbstract:
Die Zeitschrift für Recht und Islam (ZRI) (vormals GAIR-Mitteilungen) ist die Vereinszeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Arabisches und Islamisches Recht e.V. Neben Nachrichten aus dem Verein befasst sich die ZRI vor allem mit neuen Entwicklungen zum und im Recht islamisch geprägter Staaten, gibt einen Überblick über die Gesetzgebung im In– und Ausland, berichtet über aktuelle Rechtsprechung und Fatawa, sichtet jüngst erschienene Literatur und enthält Rezensionen, Tagungsberichte und Aufsätze.
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Elliesie, Hatem, Peter Scholz, Beate Backe, and Kai Kreutzberger. "Zeitschrift für Recht & Islam." Gesellschaft für Arabisches und Islamisches Recht e.V, 2016. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23375.
Full textAbstract:
Eine wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft kann ihren inneren Austausch und ihre Wirkung nach Außen nur sicherstellen, wenn sie ihren Mitgliedern und auswärtigen Interessierten ein zeitgemäßes Diskussionsforum bietet. Angesichts des gestiegenen Bedarfs an zuverlässigen Informationen über das islamische Recht und die rechtlichen Entwicklungen in islamisch geprägten Staaten besteht seitens der GAIR die Notwendigkeit, hierzu einen verantwortungsvollen Beitrag zu leisten. Um dieser Aufgabe gerecht zu werden, wird zukünftig der Schwerpunkt der GAIR-Mitteilungen deutlich stärker auf den fachlichen Diskurs gelegt. Das neue Format deckt neueste Entwicklungen in Gesetzgebung und Rechtsprechung aller Rechtsgebiete im In- und Ausland ab, soweit sie das Recht islamisch geprägter Staaten oder aber Menschen aus solchen Staaten betreffen. Wesentlich ergänzt wird dieses Angebot durch Tagungsberichte, Rezensionen und Aufsätze, in denen auch islamrechtliche Fragestellungen diskutiert werden.:Editorial (5–6)
Zur Rechtsprechung:
KG, Beschluss vom 7. 4. 2015 – Verfahrenskostenhilfe für Antrag auf Zahlung einer Brautgabe von Peter Scholz (7–9)
AG Baden-Baden, Beschluss vom 11. 9. 2015, in Fortführung von AG Darmstadt, Beschluss vom 15. 5. 2014 – Sittenwidrigkeit der Vereinbarung auf Zahlung einer Brautgabe für den Ehevollzug von Peter Scholz (11–14)
Artikel:
Religionsfreiheit im Lichte der Neutralität. Zu den Entscheidungen des Bundes-verfassungsgerichts, des Landesarbeitsgerichts Berlin-Brandenburg, des Verwaltungsgerichts Augsburg und des Europäischen Gerichtshofes zu Musliminnen mit Kopftuch am Arbeitsplatz von Kirsten Wiese (15–41)
Kopftuchverbote für Lehrerinnen im Rückblick von Sabine Berghahn (43–67)
Gerechtigkeit und gutes Leben in der Kopftuchdebatte von Felix Ekardt (69–83)
Zwischen Logozentrismus und Dekonstruktion. Zur Rolle des istiḥsān im System der uṣūl al-fiqh von Rike Sinder (85–105)
Textautorität und Dekanonisierung — Zeitgenössische muslimische Zugänge zum säkularen Topos Menschenwürde im Horizont einer historisch sensibilisierten Exegese des Qurʾān von Rüdiger Braun (107–119)
Das islamrechtliche Genre der themenspezifischen Rechtsliteratur Themenspezifische Rechtsliteratur als gegenwärtiges Phänomen von Noha Abdel-Hady (121–140)
The Approach to Homosexuality in Contemporary Fatāwā: Sexual Practices or Sexual Orientation? von Serena Tolino (141–158)
Die Debatte über weibliche Genitalverstümmelung in ägyptischen Fatwas des 20. Jahrhunderts von Elisabeth Trepesch (159–180)
Rechtswissenschaftliche Argumentationsstrukturen und propagandistische Rhetorik in ʿAbdullāh ʿAzzāms Rechtsgutachten „Die Verteidigung der muslimischen Gebiete ist die oberste individuelle Pflicht“ von Petra Nendwich (181–196)
How Islamic Is the West? Recent Approaches to Determining the “Islamicity” and “šarī ʿa Compliance” of Modern States* von Sarah Albrecht (197–223)
“Paralleljustiz” in Berlin’s Mḥallamī Community in View of Predominately Customary Mechanisms von Mahmoud Jaraba (225–237)
Legal Framework of Doing Business with Iran von Tannaz Jourabchi-Eisenhut (239–249)
Product Liability in the Near and Middle East. A Comparative Study of Egyptian, Qatari and Iranian Law von Nicolas Bremer (251–274)
Liability of Managers and Directors under the Law of the GCC Countries: A Comparative Study of the Liability Regimes Existing in the Gulf Cooperation Council Region Illustrated at the Example of Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates von Nicolas Bremer (275–303)
Buchbesprechungen:
Hans-Georg Ebert / Julia Heilen: Islamisches Recht. Ein Lehrbuch von Peter Scholz (305–307)
Hatem Elliesie / Thilo Marauhn (eds.): Legal Transformation in Northern Africa and South Sudan von Matthias Hartwig (309–314)
Bruno Menhofer / Dirk Otto (Hgg.): Recht nach dem Arabischen Frühling, Beiträge zum islamischen Recht IX von Katrin Seidel (315–321)
Hans-Georg Ebert (Hg.): Beiträge zum Islamischen Recht X von Aouni Shahoud Almousa (323–329)
Mahmoud Bassiouni: Menschenrechte zwischen Universalität und islamischer Legitimität von Assem Hefny (331–333)
Ghassem Ghassemi: Criminal Policy in Iran Following the Revolution of 1979 – A Comparative Analysis of Criminal Punishment and Sentencing in Iran and Germany von Silvia Tellenbach (335–337)
Tagungsberichte:
Tagungsbericht „Interdisciplinary Approaches to Legal Pluralism in Muslim Context“ (6.–7. 10. 2016), Institut für Arabistik und Islamwissenschaft und Exzellenzcluster „Religion und Politik“, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster von Ulrike Qubaja & Yvonne Prief (339–344)
Tagungsbericht Workshop „Islamisches Recht: Methoden und Kontexte“ (14. / 15. 4. 2016), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt von Hakkı Arslan (345–351)
Tagungsbericht: „Zakāt in Deutschland? Ansätze, Ideen und Perspektiven“ (21.–22. 9. 2015), Institut für Islamische Theologie (IIT), Universität Osnabrück von Souheil Thabti (353–355)
Konferenzbericht: „The Reform of Islamic Law“ (9. / 10. 10. 2015), Zentrum für Islamische Theologie (ZITh), Universität Tübingen vonDebora Müller (357–361)
Konferenzbericht: „Bioethik im Islam – Theologische, kulturelle und juristische Perspektiven“ (9.–11. 5. 2016), Institut für Islamische Theologie (IIT), Universität Osnabrück von Samet Balci (363–371)
Conference Report: 2015 Gingko Library – British Institute of Persian Studies Conference: Iran’s Constitutional Revolution of 1906 and the Narratives of the Enlightenment (14.–16. 9. 2015), British Academy, London, UK von Victor Rohm (373–383)
Call for Papers (385–388)
Impressum (389–390)
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Elliesie, Hatem, Peter Scholz, Beate Anam, and Kai Kreutzberger. "Zeitschrift für Recht & Islam: ZR&I." Gesellschaft für Islamisches und Arabisches Recht e.V, 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36328.
Full textAbstract:
Eine wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft kann ihren inneren Austausch und ihre Wirkung nach Außen nur sicherstellen, wenn sie ihren Mitgliedern und auswärtigen Interessierten ein zeitgemäßes Diskussionsforum bietet. Angesichts des gestiegenen Bedarfs an zuverlässigen Informationen über das islamische Recht und die rechtlichen Entwicklungen in islamisch geprägten Staaten besteht seitens der GAIR die Notwendigkeit, hierzu einen verantwortungsvollen Beitrag zu leisten. Um dieser Aufgabe gerecht zu werden, wird zukünftig der Schwerpunkt der Zeitschrift für Recht & Islam deutlich stärker auf den fachlichen Diskurs gelegt. Das neue Format deckt neueste Entwicklungen in Gesetzgebung und Rechtsprechung aller Rechtsgebiete im In- und Ausland ab, soweit sie das Recht islamisch geprägter Staaten oder aber Menschen aus solchen Staaten betreffen. Wesentlich ergänzt wird dieses Angebot durch Tagungsberichte, Rezensionen und Aufsätze, in denen auch islamrechtliche Fragestellungen diskutiert werden. Ab 2010 wird darüber hinaus eine eigene Rubrik „Rechtsvergleichung“ aufgenommen, die theoretisch-methodische Aspekte aufgreifen soll. Im Sinne der wissenschaftlichen Tradition bietet die Zeitschrift für Recht & Islam außerdem die Möglichkeit an, auf jeden erschienenen Aufsatz in der folgenden Ausgabe eine Erwiderung oder Ergänzung einzureichen.:EDITORIAL
RECHTSPRECHUNG & URTEILSBERICHTE
Kilian Bälz: Kuwait’s Court of Cassation Upholds Arbitration Clause in Distribution Agreement (7)
Mehmet Osman Gülyesil: Zur Legitimation eines Kopftuchverbots für eine Beamtin in der Kommunalverwaltung. Besprechung von Verwaltungsgericht Kassel, Urteil vom 28. 02. 2018 – 1 K 2514/17.KS (9)
ARTIKEL
Esnaf Begić: Vom staatsrechtlichen Normativ zum sozialethischen Korrektiv. Die Entwicklung der šarīʿa in Bosnien (15)
Katarzyna Brataniec: Constitutional Reforms in Morocco and Jordan in the Context of the Arab Spring (35)
Christoph Zehetgruber: Islamisches Strafrecht in Deutschland? Betrachtungen aus grund-, menschen- und strafrechtlicher Sicht (51)
Naomi Roth: „the gay self is archipelagic“. Zur Intersektionalität von Nation, Sexualität und Religion in Indonesien und ihrer Wirkung auf homosexuelle Männlichkeiten (63)
Scott Morrison: Some Characteristics of Money in English and Islamic Law (73)
Ruben Kühl: Modernes Sklaventum? Die Rechtsstellung des Gastarbeiters in den Golfstaaten (95)
Constantin Frank-Fahle: German Investments in the Member States of the Gulf Cooperation Council and the German Foreign Tax Act (113)
TAGUNGSBERICHTE
Ahmed M. F. Abd-Elsalam: Bericht zum V. Symposium des Deutschen Forums für Islamisches Recht: Angewandtes Islamisches Recht. Scharia und Gesellschaft, 22. und 23. September 2017, Zentrum für Islamische Theologie, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster (129)
Ibtisam Sadegh & Julie McBrien: Conference Report: Religious Marriages in the Mediterranean, 21–22 March 2018, Malta (139)
Serena Tolino: Conference Report: IX International Conference of Islamic Legal Studies, 6–9 June 2018, Universities of Helsinki & Tampere, Finland (149)
Abdelghafar Salim & Maria G. Nikolova: Conference Report: Law, Islam and Anthropology, organized jointly by the Department Law & Anthropology of the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology (MPI), the Gesellschaft für Arabisches und Islamisches Recht (GAIR), and the Vereniging tot bestudering van het Recht van de Islam en het Midden Oosten (RIMO) 9–10 November 2018, Halle/Saale (157)
REZENSIONEN
Kilian Bälz: Rezension zu Carlo Pohlhausen, Unternehmensfinanzierung am Kapitalmarkt in den arabischen Staaten. Eine rechtsvergleichende Analyse von Aktien-, Anleihe und Hybridemissionen am Beispiel Ägyptens, der Vereinigten Arabischen Emirate, Saudi-Arabiens und Jordaniens, Tübingen 2014 (165)
Kilian Bälz: Rezension zu Andrea Issad: Islamisch inspirierte Testamente, Tübingen 2019 (167)
CALL FOR PAPERS (AUFRUF ZUM EINREICHEN VON BEITRÄGEN) (169)
IMPRESSUM Herausgeber der ZR&I: Zeitschrift für Recht & Islam – Journal for Law & Islam / Redaktionssekretariat der ZR&I – Zeitschrift für Recht & Islam / Redaktionsmitglieder der ZR&I – Zeitschrift für Recht & Islam / Fachgutachter der ZR&I – Zeitschrift für Recht & Islam 10 (2018) / Erscheinungsweise / Inhaltliche Verantwortung / Manuskripteinreichung / Transkription / Zitiervorschlag(173)