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Journal articles on the topic 'Law enforcement – Vocational guidance'
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1
Miloradova, N. E. "Problematic issues of vocational guidance and professional selection of candidates for service in the agencies of the National Police of Ukraine." Law and Safety 70, no. 3 (November 27, 2018): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2018.3.04.
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The author of the article has presented the results of the analysis of national approaches to the implementation of vocational guidance work among young people for the selection of police specialties. On this basis the author has singled out problematic issues in each of the vocational guidance areas (professional information, professional counseling, professional selection and professional adaptation).
A number of general problems of vocational guidance among young people has been considered. The author has emphasized the general and special shortcomings in the organization and conduction of vocational guidance in regard to professional choice in general and professions related to the service in the units of the National Police of Ukraine, in particular. The general shortcomings include both the peculiarities of the organization of vocational guidance (lack of a unified system of vocational guidance work, insufficient level of interaction between the participants in the process of vocational guidance, lack of an individual, differentiated and phased approach to each individual while implementing professional choice, etc.) and its content component (low level of awareness of children, parents and teachers regarding the existing social professional inquiry; improper attention to the motivational component of the profession selection, etc.). The special shortcomings include the following: lack of awareness among young people about the peculiarities of different specialties (an investigator, an employee of operational units, a district police officer, etc.); lack of opportunity to try themselves in different types of law enforcement activities within the framework of interaction, for example, between district police station, educational institution, school and parents; insufficient use of media opportunities to adequately cover various aspects of police activities.
The author has emphasized the necessity of creating an effective strategy of vocational guidance and qualitative selection procedure, referral and enrollment of young people to higher educational institutions with specific learning conditions.
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V.V., Zotov. "LEGAL DIRECTION OF CAREER GUIDANCE WORK OF YOUTH AND CHILDREN'S PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS." “Educational bulletin “Consciousness” 23, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2686-6846-2021-23-8-11-17.
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Introduction: the article discusses the features of the activities of children's public organizations focused on attracting children and adolescents to participate in public life of a law enforcement orientation. The purpose of this work is to identify the features of the activities of children's public organizations focused on attracting children and adolescents to participate in public life and professional law enforcement activities. Methods: using the methods of analysis and synthesis, content analysis, the author investigated the issues of vocational guidance work of youth and children's public associations of the Yaroslavl region and their role in the formation of a conscious choice of the future professional activity of adolescents, as well as the prevention of juvenile delinquency and child neglect. Results: today, state bodies and public associations are implementing various measures to ensure a happy and safe childhood, being one of the main priorities of national importance in our country. The most comfortable for a teenager to start social activities is his participation in projects of children's public organizations. At this stage, communicative motivation becomes the main one: the desire to communicate with interesting active peers, to demonstrate their own talents and achievements, to acquire new knowledge, skills and abilities in a democratic form. Children's public organizations contribute to the formation of a socially active personality of a growing citizen and help the professional self-determination of young people. Conclusions: the author concluded that the career guidance work of children's public organizations aimed at attracting children and adolescents to participate in public life and professional law enforcement activities can reduce the number of minors brought to criminal responsibility and helps the social and professional self-determination of young people. In the modern world young people are the most socially active group and strategic resource of society.
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Zakharina, I. A., А. G. Zakharina, and P. M. Martyn. "Content aspects of vocational and applied physical training of future law enforcement officers by means of health fitness." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 2(146) (February 17, 2022): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2022.2(146).09.
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The article examines the use of the CrossFit system as a means of health fitness training in vocational and applied physical training of future law enforcement officers. It was found that CrossFit training complexes should be designed taking into account the level of physical fitness of cadets and must be included in the content of physical training classes for law enforcement officers. CrossFit develops in a balanced way all the components of physical fitness of an individual including cardio-respiratory endurance, performance, strength, flexibility, speed, power, coordination, accuracy, balance, and agility. An experimental program based on cross-fit exercises was presented, which consisted of five blocks. It was pointed out that vocational and applied physical training of law enforcement officers (military officers, firefighters, and officers of various law enforcement agencies) in the United States, Canada, Europe is carried out using health fitness training, in particular the CrossFit system.
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Ellman-Golan, Emma. "Saving Title IX: Designing More Equitable and Efficient Investigation Procedures." Michigan Law Review, no. 116.1 (2017): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.116.1.saving.
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In 2011, the Department of Education’s Office of Civil Rights (OCR) issued guidance on Title IX compliance. This guidance has resulted in the creation of investigative and adjudicatory tribunals at colleges and universities receiving federal funds to hear claims of sexual assault, harassment, and violence. OCR’s enforcement efforts are a laudable response to an epidemic of sexual violence on college campuses, but they have faced criticism from administrators, law professors, and potential members of the Trump Administration. This Note suggests ways to alter current Title IX enforcement mechanisms to placate critics and to maintain OCR enforcement as a bulwark against sexual violence on college campuses.
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Smith, Melanie. "Inter-institutional Dialogue and the Establishment of Enforcement Norms: A Decade of Financial Penalties under Article 228 EC (now Article 260 TFEU)." European Public Law 16, Issue 4 (December 1, 2010): 547–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2010039.
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This article is concerned with the system of enforcement of Member State obligations in the European Union (EU). It will focus upon the final limb of the enforcement system, the financial sanctions, and will evaluate its evolution since the initial judgment against Greece in 2000. The discussion will centre upon the behaviour of the two key institutions in the enforcement process, the Commission and the Court of Justice, by analysing the practice and policy of these institutions. It will argue that the Commission and Court have had to devise an enforcement policy in a unique regulatory system, which is a regulatory system where the legislator has provided no guidance to the institutions responsible for the execution of enforcement policy as to its objectives or methodology. This regulatory gap has produced some interesting inter-institutional dialogue between the Court and Commission that has not occurred in the earlier phase of the enforcement process, despite a similar lack of legislative guidance. The inter-institutional dialogue has increased the transparency and efficiency of imposing financial sanctions, which has moulded it into a potentially significant deterrent to non-compliance. Deploying this approach in the earlier phase of the enforcement process could significantly increase the transparency and efficiency of the macro system of enforcement.
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Nurhayati, Umi Wahyu, Amin Purnawan, and Ira Alia Maerani. "Law Enforcement Against Liquor Circulation." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 2, no. 1 (March 10, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v2i1.4151.
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The problem in this research are: enforcement of the circulation of the liquor and the constraints of the enforcement of the circulation of liquor. Based on the results of the study concluded that: The police in law enforcement there are two (2) actions that persuasive action and repression which has its own purpose. In a persuasive action the police take preventive where often do counseling, provide guidance to the public about the dangers of alcohol. And invite various parties such as RT, RW, community leaders participated sertaandil in helping oversee the circulation of alcohol in their area. Constraints experienced as an investigator in conducting criminal investigations liquor circulation happens, is as follows: 1) Internal factors. In carrying out the investigation on the crime of liquor one such constraints is the current infrastructure of the police in tackling the crime of trafficking of liquor due to the lack of laboratory criminals who facilitate the investigation, because this place is useful as a means to prove with the naked eye between liquor original or fake. Lack of socialization conducted by the police. 2) external factors. This factor is of a society, of public awareness is relatively low which affects the smoothness in investigating criminal offenses circulation of alcohol, lack of awareness of the consequences of alcohol.�Keywords: Law Enforcement; Circulation; Liquor.
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Van Rhee, Remco. "Participatory Enforcement of Judgments and other Enforceable Instruments: Best European Practices." Access to Justice in Eastern Europe 5, no. 2 (April 3, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-5.2-n000216.
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Mediation in the context of the enforcement of judgments and other enforceable documents should be distinguished from the broader and more general question of whether or not enforcement agents may serve as mediators. In Europe, there are some jurisdictions where enforcement agents may indeed serve as mediators. This does not necessarily mean that in these jurisdictions enforcement agents use mediation in ongoing enforcement procedures executed under their supervision (the latter is qualified as ‘post-judicial mediation’ or ‘participatory enforcement’). In actual fact, examples of post-judicial mediation are scarce or non-existent even though they are discussed in literature. As will be shown in the present contribution, ‘post-judicial mediation’ is often not conceived as mediation in the strict sense (i.e. the bringing about of an amicable settlement under the guidance of a neutral mediator), but as a series of activities aimed at providing efficient and effective enforcement services. It is often better to refer to ‘post-judicial mediation’ as ‘participator enforcement’ or ‘amicable enforcement’. Best practices in participatory enforcement are the central topic of the present contribution.
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Nance, Dale A. "Guidance Rules and Enforcement Rules: A Better View of the Cathedral." Virginia Law Review 83, no. 5 (August 1997): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1073717.
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Mreła, Aleksandra, and Oleksandr Sokolov. "APPLICATION OF FUZZY AGGREGATION NORMS IN VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE FOR LAW GRADUATES." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 83 (December 25, 2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2018.83.0.125.
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Schrock, Steven D., and Gerald Ullman. "Spacing of Law Enforcement Pullout Areas in Highway Work Zones." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1824, no. 1 (January 2003): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1824-05.
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Law enforcement presence in work zones has long been recognized as one of the most effective speed-reduction methods available to transportation officials. Unfortunately, the design of many work zones makes effective enforcement difficult. Work zones that have no emergency shoulders on either side of the roadway are especially problematic. Incorporating enforcement pullout areas into construction phasing plans has been suggested as a way to improve enforcement activities. However, no guidance had been available on how frequently such enforcement areas should be incorporated. Research was conducted to determine law enforcement and contractor opinions on acceptable spacing criteria for pullout areas in a highway work zone. Two sets of surveys were made by using the Delphi method to solicit the opinions of law enforcement officers and roadway contractors regarding the relative difficulty or effectiveness of pullout areas located at various spacings through a long work zone. The Delphi method was used to quickly bring these groups to consensus. Construction contractors generally were against placing pullout areas closer than 2 mi apart. By contrast, law enforcement officers indicated that at spacing greater than 3 mi, the pullout area would not be useful for traffic enforcement. The results indicate that enforcement pullout areas in work zones should be spaced approximately every 2 to 3 mi or, as an alternative, work zones that eliminate emergency shoulders that are adequate for enforcement purposes should be no longer than 3 mi.
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Petit, Nicolas. "From Formalism to Effects? The Commission’s Communication on Enforcement Priorities in Applying Article 82 EC." World Competition 32, Issue 4 (December 1, 2009): 485–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2009051.
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The purpose of the present article is to offer thoughts on the ‘Guidance Communication on the Commission’s Enforcement Priorities in Applying Article 82 of the EC Treaty’ and, in particular, to review the requirements which the Commission must meet in Article 82 EC cases when it purports to apply the Communication’s economics-oriented, effects-based. In addition, this article seeks to assess whether the Communication’s effects-based approach really entails a paradigmatic shift toward increased competition economics, comparable to the (r)evolution that has taken place in other areas of EC antitrust enforcement since the early 2000. It comes to the conclusion that while the Communication marks a welcome economic sophistication of the Commission’s Article 82 EC enforcement policy, it nonetheless often fails to go beneath the surface of modern antitrust economics and thus provide only limited guidance to firms and their counsels.
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Suwardi, Suwardi. "Synchronization of Notary Supervision by Notary Supervision Assembly in Law Enforcement." Sultan Agung Notary Law Review 3, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/sanlar.3.1.363-375.
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The Notary Institution, one of the social institutions in Indonesia, arises from the need in human relations that requires a means of evidence regarding the civil law relationship that exists and or occurs between them. The authority of a notary is regulated in Article 1 number 1 of Act No. 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Act No. 30 of 2004 concerning the Position of a Notary (hereinafter abbreviated as UUJN) which states that: "Notary is a public official who is authorized to make authentic deeds and has other powers as referred to in this Law or based on other laws." In line with the Notary's accountability for his authority, and compliance with that authority, legal certainty must be guaranteed with a continuous and effective supervision and guidance. There are currently two notary supervision and guidance institutions in Indonesia, namely the Notary Supervisory Council and the Notary Honorary Council.
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Kurmashev, S. M., and A. B. Chernykh. "Protection Issues of Labor Rights of Citizens Obtaining a Second Higher Education and Combining Work and Training." Sociology and Law, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/2219-6242-2021-1-94-103.
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The article deals with the fact that retraining and a second higher education are increasingly in demand among working citizens. According to the authors, obtaining a second higher education, as well as obtaining a new professional qualification, for a working person is associated with difficulties that arise when combining work and training. At the same time, obtaining higher education while working is also associated with the solution of regulatory and law enforcement issues of compliance with labor rights, which have an ambiguous interpretation by lawyers and an ambiguous law enforcement practice. In addition to the main guarantees in the field of obtaining a second higher education, the authors of the article investigate the issues of the ratio of vocational education and vocational retraining, as well as some difficulties associated with the confirmation of higher education. There is an attempt to summarize the materials available in this area and formulate some recommendations for those who are just thinking about this issue or are already being trained.
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Korneeva, M. P. "FACTORS OF ORGANIZATION OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN LAW-ENFORCEMENT UNITS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." Вестник Сибирского юридического института МВД России, no. 2 (2019): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51980/2542-1735_2019_2_120.
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Fogleman, Valerie. "The contaminated land regime: time for a regime that is fit for purpose (Part 1)." International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 6, no. 1/2 (April 8, 2014): 43–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-08-2013-0034.
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Purpose – The purpose of this article is to examine the regime to remediate contaminated land in the UK set out in Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 and to analyse the UK Government's intent and objectives in introducing the regime. The legislative provisions and the statutory guidance that accompanies that legislation are then analysed to determine whether those objectives could have been met. Design/methodology/approach – A research approach was taken to trace the legislative history of Part 2A and to analyse the statutory provisions and the statutory guidance. The approach included researching Parliamentary debates on the statute, consultations on the statutory guidance, other information published by the UK Government, commentaries on the regime, and contaminated land regimes in other jurisdictions. Findings – The paper found that the introduction of a contaminated land regime that delegates primary implementation and enforcement authority to local authorities, and that severely limits their discretion in doing so, has resulted in a regime that has proven to be unworkable in practice and that has failed to meet its objectives. Originality/value – The article is the first paper to examine the legislative intent and objectives behind Part 2A and to analyse their effect on the provisions in the statute and the statutory guidance and their implementation and enforcement.
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Ritonga, Muhammad Soleh. "Demokrasi dan Penegakan Hukum dalam Wawasan Al-Qur’an." alashriyyah 7, no. 02 (October 16, 2021): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53038/alashriyyah.v7i02.131.
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Islam is a religion that regulates people's lives. This includes democracy and law enforcement. In democracy there are several views of Muslim experts, some accept but on the condition that the power is not absolute in the hands of the people, and there are also those who reject it altogether. In the ulama democracy accepted in Islam is deliberation and consensus in matters that are in accordance with religious rules. In Islamic democracy, it is very radicalism. This can be seen from the views of some scholars of Tafsir regarding Surah Al-Baqarah verse 143 that Islam is not exceeding the limit. Meanwhile, good law enforcement can be created because of a well-executed democracy. In Islam, law enforcement is a profession that is not easy. There are criteria and ethics for judges as law enforcers so that the law can produce a fair law. In the enforcement of the law must glorify God's commandments and have a sense of compassion or concern and a deep sense of justice that is shown. Democracy and law enforcement in the perspective of the Qur'an there are ethics that must be done, so that democracy and law enforcement cannot be separated from religion as secular views separate religion from worldly problems. Religion with the guidance of the holy book Al-Qur'an plays an important role in guiding democracy and good law enforcement.
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Choi, Yo Sop. "The Enforcement and Development of Korean Competition Law." World Competition 33, Issue 2 (June 1, 2010): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2010022.
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Competition law and policy in the Republic of Korea (‘Korea’) have been developing since the first legislation in 1980, focusing on prohibiting unfair business practices. The Korean competition authority has heavily relied on legal provision on unfair business practices rather than unfair concerted practices, or abuse of market dominance in its enforcement. This provision is unique, giving the Korean competition authority full power in its implementation of law. However, implementation of this legal provision is very unclear, since it can be used as a catch-all provision. This article discusses of crucial problems in Korean competition law and critically analyses current implementation. It then suggests amendments to provisions on unfair business practices. This article adopts a categorization approach based on market share threshold, by looking at other competition regimes’ legal techniques and re-examining them in the Korean context. This article argues that simplified language through clear market power presumption, by means of a market share threshold test, provides concrete guidance for competition law in the civil law system. The Korean competition authority will subsequently narrow the scope of the provision on unfair business practices and develop implementation of law based on anti-competitive agreements and abuse of market dominance.
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Kim, Robert. "Under the Law: Civil rights enforcement in education: The federal role." Phi Delta Kappan 102, no. 3 (October 26, 2020): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721720970707.
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Robert Kim provides an overview of the work of the Department of Education’s Office of Civil Rights (OCR), which is responsible for enforcing civil rights laws prohibiting discrimination. They achieve this in three ways: (1) The Civil Rights Data Collection, a database containing information on school climate, teacher and staff capacity, and other measures; (2) civil rights policy guidance, which informs schools about the rules and regulations they must follow; and (3) investigations of civil rights violations in public schools.
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Wardhaugh, Bruce. "Enforcement of Competition Law in Times of Crisis: Is Guided Self-Assessment the Answer?" YEARBOOK OF ANTITRUST AND REGULATORY STUDIES 15, no. 25 (November 2022): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1689-9024.yars.2022.15.25.3.
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One common criticism of the EU’s competition regime is that it hinders adequate mitigation of crises by preventing a collaborative response to the problem. We suggest that this view is incorrect. We suggest that a collaborative response is unlikely to effectively mitigate most problems. Yet some forms of cooperation can facilitate a crisis solution. These may be at the margin of legality, giving uncertainty as to whether the proposed practice is permitted. With the possibility of significant penalties for competition infringements, most undertakings will not engage in such cooperative practices. There are significant legal and institutional impediments to providing this Guidance. Such gaps lead to uncertainty found in the nature of the EU competition rules and in NCA practice. We argue that the means forward is with greater engagement and guidance by the Commission and NCAs.
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Wetson. R., Andri. "Law Enforcement Obstacle Against Online Gambling at Lampung Regional Police." Ius Poenale 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/ip.v2i2.2232.
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Easy access to the world of information technology currently impacts the rise of cybercrime, including the crime of online gambling. Many efforts have been made by the government and law enforcers, including, in this case, the police, to prevent and take action against this online gambling crime, either block sites that are gambling arenas or improve the national security system to stop these gambling sites. This research aims to look at law enforcement against online gambling crimes in Bandar Lampung City and determine the factors that became an obstacle in law enforcement of online gambling crimes at Lampung Regional Police. This research method uses a normative juridical approach. Based on the discussion and research results, law enforcement against online gambling crimes in Bandar Lampung City is carried out by applying the instrument of Article 303 of the Criminal Code rather than Article 27 Paragraph (2) Jo. Article 45 of the ITE Law. The research also shows the factors that became an obstacle in law enforcement of online gambling crimes at Lampung Regional Police are: (1) Longer Detention Period for Online Gambling Crimes in the Criminal Code Instruments than the Gambling Control Act, (2) Lack of Investigators' Awareness in Information Technology, (3) Use of Electronic Evidence Requires Expert Information is inhibiting law enforcement against online gambling crimes in Bandar Lampung. Suggestions from the research are to conduct information technology guidance training to the Bandar Lampung Police Investigation and Criminal Unit.
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Svetlichny, Evgeny, Olga Panova, and Nadezhda Nefedova. "Key factors for improving the effectiveness of professional training of police officers to use firearms." KANT 36, no. 3 (September 2020): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2020-36.70.
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The article considers the issues of determining the factors affecting the quality of the performance of their professional functions by the police. The necessity of creating a flexible universal system of professional training for law enforcement officers of Russia, taking into account the peculiarities of their operational activities, is substantiated. Gaps in the organization of vocational training are noted and ways to address them are indicated.
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Badenhoop, Nikolai. "Private Law Duties Deriving From EU Banking Regulation and its Individual Protection Goals." European Review of Contract Law 16, no. 2 (June 5, 2020): 233–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2020-0013.
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AbstractEU regulation both affects private law and increasingly relies on private law mechanisms to ensure its proper enforcement. Prominent examples are competition and capital markets regulation. In contrast, EU prudential regulation of commercial banking predominantly relies on public enforcement via supervisory authorities. This is astonishing given that the protection of individual bank customers emerges as a leitmotiv of EU banking regulation. CRD IV and CRR as the main legislative acts of EU commercial banking regulation strongly promote the goals of depositor and investor protection. More explicitly, the Consumer Credit Directive and the Consumer Mortgage Credit Directive introduced the duty of responsible lending towards consumers. Where the individual bank customer enjoys regulatory attention, but is not protected by public supervisory authorities, private law is best placed to fill the enforcement gap. In light of CJEU guidance, this contribution argues that the current EU banking regulation is open for and even requires private law remedies to enforce individual protection goals. Suitable instruments are contract interpretation, contract nullity and damages.
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Manchikatla, Anil Kumar, and Rajesh H. Acharya. "Insider trading in India – regulatory enforcement." Journal of Financial Crime 24, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-12-2015-0075.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effectiveness of insider trading enforcement actions in India and international dimensions. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on the insider trading regulations and amendments made during the period 1992-2015. Findings The notable observation of the study is the dearth of insider trading conviction and the paucity of prosecution for insider trading offences in India. It is difficult to resist the conclusion that surveillance and enforcement matter more than the drafting of the relevant statutes and regulations in emerging markets. Whereas, developed countries have a better record of prosecution than emerging markets. Research limitations/implications Future research may explore the factors that hinder effective regulation and recommend new methods to increase the impact of Securities and Exchange Board of India insider trading regulation. Originality/value The current paper presents guidance for the foreign institutional investors, regulators and market participants on insider trading regulation and prosecution in India.
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Andersen, Susan, Veronica Pisinger, Morten Hulvej Rod, and Janne Tolstrup. "Associations of school tobacco policies and legislation with youth smoking: a cross-sectional study of Danish vocational high schools." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e028357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028357.
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BackgroundIn vocational high schools, the prevalence of smoking is high (nearly 40% daily smoking in Danish vocational high schools). Schools are increasingly adopting school tobacco policies (STPs) and a national law on smoke-free school grounds has been implemented. Our objective was to explore the extent of STPs in vocational schools and examine the association of STPs and smoke-free school grounds legislation with student smoking.MethodsWe used data from the cross-sectional Danish National Youth Study 2014, including 5013 vocational high school students (76% male) at 40 campuses. Implementation of STPs was measured by questionnaires to principals and field observations of smoking practices were conducted. Logistic regression models assessed whether STP characteristics were associated with students’ current smoking (ie, daily and occasional) compared with non-current smoking. Negative binominal regression models assessed cigarettes per day among daily smokers.ResultsSchools covered by the national law on smoke-free school ground had more comprehensive STPs than schools not covered by the law. Student smoking was observed on 78% of campuses, with less visibility of smoking in schools covered by the national law (69% vs 83%). Current smoking was lower for students attending a school covered by the national law (OR=0.86, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.97). Students who attended schools that allowed teacher–student smoking were more likely to smoke (OR=1.13, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.27).ConclusionsA law on smoke-free school grounds was associated with less current smoking in vocational high schools, while school norms that are supportive of teacher-student smoking were associated with greater odds of current smoking. Visibility of student smoking was less prevalent at schools covered by the law on smoke-free school grounds; nevertheless, the visibility of smoking was high. Better enforcement or an extension of the current law on smoke-free school grounds is recommended.
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Putrijanti, Aju. "Judicial Activism in Judge’s Verdict to Law Enforcement of Environment." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 03018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020203018.
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Law enforcement to protect the environment as lay in Act Number 32 Year 2009 of Protection and Management of Environment, can be make from administrative, penal and private law. Government that includes legislative, executive and judicative has role and responsibility to perform welfare for citizen. The administrative lawsuit goes to Administrative Court, follows the Act Number 5 Year 1986 of Administrative Court for procedural process. This research based on normative legal research, which is descriptive analysis. Also using conceptual and statute approach, and research data used are literature and secondary data. The good understanding of principle of good environment, become important for judge and government to do their duties to protect the environment. Judge has an important role in law enforcement due to protection of environment, by using judicial activism. Through judge’s verdict, judge has to conceive wisely the importance of environment and the principle of good environment governance. Government should be based on environment ethic as a guidance to make, prepare the regulations, permissions due to protection of environment. Antroposentris and biosentris approach might be used to prepare the green regulations and green permissions.
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Boekestein, Tom L. "Making Do With What We Have: On the Interpretation and Enforcement of the EU’s Founding Values." German Law Journal 23, no. 4 (May 2022): 431–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2022.33.
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AbstractArticle 2 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) solemnly proclaims that the EU is founded on the respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights. Yet, a growing body of case law concerning rule of law backsliding continuously reminds us of the lack of a dedicated functional mechanism to remedy this. We are left with a fragmented understanding of the founding values and a patchy framework for their enforcement: whilst there is increasing guidance on judicial independence and the rule of law, no founding value has been defined comprehensively. The legal classification of the founding values is equally unclear, as is their position in the EU’s constitutional framework. This paper makes do with what we have, to offer systematic, normative, and substantive clarifications on Article 2 TEU. Systematically, it places the founding values in the constitutional context of the EU’s and Member States’ legal orders and discusses their autonomy, interpretation, and function. Normatively, this paper objects to the direct enforcement of the founding values by reference to their constitutional significance and over-constitutionalization. Substantively, it favors the indirect enforcement of the founding values and explores the connections between Article 2 TEU and other Treaty provisions.
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(Leich), Marian Nash. "Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law." American Journal of International Law 92, no. 2 (April 1998): 243–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2998034.
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In January 1998, the Department of State released its Publication 10518, Consular Notification and Access: Instructions for Federal, State, and Local Law Enforcement and Other Officials Regarding Foreign Nationals in the United States and the Rights of Consular Officials to Assist Them. Prepared in the Office of the Legal Adviser, the booklet contains “instructions and guidance relating to the arrest and detention of foreign nationals, deaths of foreign nationals, the appointment of guardians for minors or incompetent adults who are foreign nationals, and related issues pertaining to the provision of consular services to foreign nationals in the United States.” The foreword points out that cooperation of federal, state and local law enforcement agencies in ensuring treatment of foreign nationals in accordance with the instructions not only will permit the United States to comply with its consular legal obligations domestically, but also will help ensure that the United States can insist upon “rigorous compliance by foreign governments with respect to United States citizens abroad.”
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Lyesnikova, Maryna. "DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL VOCATIONAL (VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL) EDUCATION SYSTEMS." Educational Analytics of Ukraine, no. 5 (2021): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2021-5-79-90.
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The entry campaign for vocational education institutions in Ukraine traditionally starts in May-June and lasts until 1 September, but enrolment is not interrupted throughout the calendar year. During 2011-2020, there was a steady decline in the number of students and trainees admitted to vocational education institutions. The main reason for the considerable reluctance of young people and adults to acquire working professions is the false stereotype of its prestige. As a result of the admission campaign launched in 2021, for the first time in the last ten years, there has been an increase in the number of entrants to vocational education institutions. New entrants are offered integrated, consolidated professions that will help them to acquire wide-ranging qualifications and competencies. The article ranks the most popular integrated professions among this year's entrants. Factors contributing to the prestige of vocational education were identified. In particular, vocational guidance is being actively provided to young students and the number of Training аnd Practical Centres is increasing. The process of optimizing the network of vocational education institutions will also enhance the prestige and competitiveness of vocational education. The study found that Lviv, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Odesa, Zaporizhzhia, Vinnytsіa, and Kyiv are the leaders in terms of the number of persons admitted to vocational institutions, the number of Training аnd Practical Centres established, the number of dual vocational training students. The main direction of further increase in the number of entrants to vocational education institutions is the adoption of the new Law of Ukraine "On Vocational Education" in the draft of which changes are proposed regarding the image of vocational education, as well as the terminology, content and mechanisms of functioning have been updated.
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Lyesnikova, Maryna. "DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL VOCATIONAL (VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL) EDUCATION SYSTEMS." Educational Analytics of Ukraine, no. 5 (2021): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2021-5-79-90.
Full textAbstract:
The entry campaign for vocational education institutions in Ukraine traditionally starts in May-June and lasts until 1 September, but enrolment is not interrupted throughout the calendar year. During 2011-2020, there was a steady decline in the number of students and trainees admitted to vocational education institutions. The main reason for the considerable reluctance of young people and adults to acquire working professions is the false stereotype of its prestige. As a result of the admission campaign launched in 2021, for the first time in the last ten years, there has been an increase in the number of entrants to vocational education institutions. New entrants are offered integrated, consolidated professions that will help them to acquire wide-ranging qualifications and competencies. The article ranks the most popular integrated professions among this year's entrants. Factors contributing to the prestige of vocational education were identified. In particular, vocational guidance is being actively provided to young students and the number of Training аnd Practical Centres is increasing. The process of optimizing the network of vocational education institutions will also enhance the prestige and competitiveness of vocational education. The study found that Lviv, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Odesa, Zaporizhzhia, Vinnytsіa, and Kyiv are the leaders in terms of the number of persons admitted to vocational institutions, the number of Training аnd Practical Centres established, the number of dual vocational training students. The main direction of further increase in the number of entrants to vocational education institutions is the adoption of the new Law of Ukraine "On Vocational Education" in the draft of which changes are proposed regarding the image of vocational education, as well as the terminology, content and mechanisms of functioning have been updated.
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YARKOV, V. V. "CLASS ACTIONS IN CIVIL PROCEDURE: ENFORCEMENT ISSUES." Herald of Civil Procedure 11, no. 5 (December 30, 2021): 86–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24031/2226-0781-2021-11-5-86-106.
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The issues of legal regulation and the first experience of law enforcement of class actions on the example of chapter 22.3 of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation are considered. Despite the generally unified legal regulation of class proceedings in arbitration and civil proceedings, in the practice of courts of general jurisdiction there are specific issues that need to be addressed. In article value of unity of all conditions of qualification of the declared requirements as the class action is underlined, and also consequences of non-compliance of conditions of certification are revealed. Attention has been drawn to the necessity of application of the general rules of action proceedings along with the special rules of chapter 22.3 of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in consideration of class actions. Also within the framework of this study the author concludes that each new legal institute raises a number of controversial issues in the process of law enforcement. And that is why it is very important to refer to the general provisions of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, developed under the guidance of Professor M.K. Treushnikov, which allow to find the best solution for this or that problem of legal regulation and law enforcement.
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Bu, Qinxiu. "Chinas Dual Enforcement System regarding Resale Price Maintenance Agreements." World Competition 38, Issue 2 (June 1, 2015): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2015017.
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RPM can be both beneficial and harmful to competition in various circumstances. RPM has been scrutinized with the subject of private litigation in the US, the EU and China regarding whether RPM is per se illegal or subject to the rule of reason. China's dual-mode regulatory scheme provokes more challenges and further complicates foreign companies' global expansion strategies. Following a review of the US and EU approaches to RPM, the article examines the landmark case of Ruibang v. J&J, which provides clarity and in-depth guidance on the unique Chinese system. It is argued that these administrative and legal uncertainties may not be addressed until a new judicial interpretation is provided by the Supreme People's Court.
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Petrakova, A. S. "The use of basic methodological concepts in the process of vocational training of persons, first recruited into the service of internal affaires bodies under conditions of departmental university of the Ministry of Internal Affaires of Russia." Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly, no. 10 (October 2020): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/am.10-20.060.
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Researched is the problem of professional training of persons, recruited for the first time in the internal affairs bodies as prerequisite for provision of the law enforcement system with competent personnel, who qualitatively fulfill their duties to ensure protection of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens. That’s why the training of persons, recruited for the first time in the internal affairs bodies, is of paramount importance for the state. At the same time, the process of training police officers in departmental university has a number of specific features that distinguish it from training in educational organizations of civilian profile, incl. indivisibility of teaching and service, as well as orientation towards diligence and discipline. The purpose of this study was to analyze the process of vocational training of persons first recruited into service of internal organs, from the point of view of using elements of basic methodological concepts known to pedagogical science. As a result of the analysis, it can be argued, that methodological basis for training law enforcement specialists is largely eclectic and combines, to one degree or another, features of all the basic concepts. And although the system of vocational training for persons first recruited into service of internal affairs bodies is built quite clearly and in many ways effective, it still lacks flexibility and adaptability to dynamic changes in external environment.
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Kaplan, Matthew E., Alan H. Paley, and Jonathan R. Tuttle. "SEC enforcement actions getting up close and personal." Journal of Investment Compliance 17, no. 1 (May 3, 2016): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-02-2016-0008.
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Purpose To alert public company management and directors to several recent SEC enforcement actions involving executives and other senior personnel arising out of securities law violations. Design/methodology/approach Reviews a series of enforcement actions against four chief executive officers, four chief financial officers, an audit committee chair, and one outside auditor (BDO USA LLC) and five of its partners arising out of securities law violations by four different corporations (MusclePharm Corporation, Bankrate, Inc., KIT Digital, Inc. and General Employment Enterprises, Inc.). Each of the actions involved financial reporting and disclosure violations. Also highlights the need for directors and senior management to maintain a sharp focus on their company’s controls and disclosure practices. Findings The SEC’S actions may portend renewed determination by the agency to hold executives and directors, as well as outside professionals, accountable for securities fraud and disclosure violations committed by corporations. Originality/value Practical guidance from experienced securities lawyers.
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Hüschelrath, Kai. "The Costs and Benefits of Antitrust Enforcement: Identification and Measurement." World Competition 35, Issue 1 (March 1, 2012): 121–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2012007.
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The article assesses the costs and benefits of antitrust enforcement. The analysis commences with an investigation of why competition is typically worth protecting, followed by a collection of empirical evidence, which shows that competition actually needs protection by antitrust policy in order to hinder firms to permanently abuse market power to the detriment of consumers. In a complementary third step, it is assessed whether the benefits of antitrust enforcement likely exceed its costs. In this respect, the article provides guidance to the identification and measurement of the various cost and benefits components that need to be taken into account. A particular focus lies on an assessment of two identified options to measure the benefits of antitrust enforcement: An intervention-based approach, which tries to quantify the benefits created by interventions of the competition authority, and a deterrence-based approach, which tries to quantify the extent to which the threat of antitrust interventions alone forecloses the use of anticompetitive strategies by firms.
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Peace, Breon S., Jennifer Kennedy Park, Robin M. Bergen, and Nowell D. Bamberger. "CFTC’s demanding new cooperation guidelines for companies and individuals." Journal of Investment Compliance 18, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-06-2017-0031.
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Purpose To explain and analyze two Enforcement Advisories that set forth the factors the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission Division of Enforcement may consider in assessing cooperation by companies and individuals in the context of CFTC enforcement proceedings. Design/methodology/approach Explains the background, including the 2007 Enforcement Advisory for Companies. Explains the 2017 Enforcement Advisory for Companies and the parallel Enforcement Advisory for Individuals, including policy-based considerations and factors such as the materiality, timeliness, nature, and quality of a company’s cooperation; the value of a company’s cooperation to the Commission’s broader law enforcement interests; and the company’s culpability, culture and other relevant factors. Provides examples of uncooperative conduct. Discusses a broader trend among enforcement authorities in the US and abroad of setting higher cooperation standards. Findings The new Advisories make clear that merely complying with requests for information from the CFTC staff will not be sufficient; a company or individual seeking cooperation credit as part of a resolution with the CFTC must go above and beyond its legal obligations in order to qualify for such credit. Originality/value Practical guidance from experienced white collar defense, regulatory enforcement, civil litigation and arbitration lawyers.
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Ренат Зинурович, Усеев,. "SOURCES IN LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES OF CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS WHEN IMPLEMENTING EDUCATIONAL INFLUENCE IN RELATION TO CONVICTS TO IMPRISONMENT." Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, no. 5(51) (December 20, 2022): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2022.51.5.011.
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Источники в правоприменительной деятельности исправительных учреждений при реализации основных средств исправления осужденных достаточно многообразны. Сегодня источниками правоприменения в процессе воспитательного воздействия в отношении осужденных к лишению свободы (за исключением вопросов общего и профессионального образования осужденных, их профессионального обучения, они автором не рассматриваются) выступают как нормы закона, так и подзаконные нормативно-правовые акты. Вместе с тем в отдельных случаях (социальная и психологическая работа) закон является источником правоприменительной деятельности исправительных учреждений в сфере воспитательного воздействия в отношении осужденных к лишению свободы. Некоторые ведомственные нормативно-правовые акты в сфере регулирования и конкретизации отдельных элементов воспитательного воздействия в отношении осужденных нуждаются в анализе и обоснованной систематизации с учетом вида правоотношений. Отдельными неформальными источниками правоприменительной деятельности в процессе воспитательного воздействия в отношении осужденных к лишению свободы выступают методические и практические рекомендации ФСИН России. Цель работы - определить основные источники правоприменительной деятельности в исправительных учреждениях в процессе воспитательного воздействия в отношении осужденных к лишению свободы, показать проблемы при их применении и возможные пути решения. Методами исследования в представленной статье являются общие методы (описание, сравнение), общенаучные методы (диалектологический метод: анализ, синтез, системно-структурный метод), специальные методы (сравнительно-правовой, формально-юридический). Выводы и результаты представленной работы определяются достижением ее целей. Sources in the law enforcement activities of correctional institutions in the implementation of the main means of correction of convicts are quite diverse. Today, law enforcement issues in the process of educational influence in relation to convicts to imprisonment (with the exception of issues of general and vocational education of convicts, their vocational training, they are not considered by the author) are both norms of law and by-laws. At the same time, in some cases (social and psychological work), the law does not act as a source of law enforcement activities of correctional institutions in the field of educational influence in relation to convicts to imprisonment. Some departmental regulatory legal acts in the field of regulation and specification of certain elements of educational influence in relation to convicts need to be analyzed and substantiated systematization taking into account the type of legal relations. Separate informal sources of law enforcement activities in the process of educational influence in relation to convicts to imprisonment are methodological and practical recommendations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The purpose of the work is to determine the main sources of law enforcement activities in correctional institutions in the process of educational influence in relation to convicts to imprisonment, to show problems in their application and possible solutions. The research methods in the presented article are general methods (description, comparison), general scientific methods (dialectological method: analysis, synthesis, system-structural method, special methods (comparative legal, formal legal). The conclusions and results of the submitted work are determined by the achievement of its goals.
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Bal, Aleksandra. "Developing a Regulatory Framework for the Taxation of Virtual Currencies." Intertax 47, Issue 2 (February 1, 2019): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2019019.
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This article reviews virtual currency regulations in five selected countries (Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, the United States and the Unites Kingdom), develops a methodology for creating an effective regulatory framework for the taxation of virtual currencies, and makes recommendations for the improvement of certain characteristics of the existing income tax systems that currently struggle with the enforcement of tax compliance obligations regarding transactions in virtual currencies. The author advocates the use of legislation to clarify the fundamental aspects of virtual currency transactions together with more detailed non-binding interpretative guidance that can be quickly adapted to changing circumstances. Enforcement and monitoring measures by tax authorities should not target an infinitely large number of unidentified individuals but a much smaller number of operators providing exchange services and wallet providers. A third-party reporting regime for virtual currency intermediaries should be aligned with the existing reporting obligations for anti-money laundering purposes.
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Furse, Mark. "Merger Control in China: Four and a Half Years of Practice and Enforcement A Critical Analysis." World Competition 36, Issue 2 (June 1, 2013): 285–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2013019.
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This article looks back at developments in the Chinese merger control regime from its entry into force until January 2013.The decisions published by the Ministry of Commerce are analysed, with particular reference to the imposition of remedies. The relevant guidance, and its development in the light of decisions is also considered, along with the broader enforcement patterns, including the extent to which decisions have involved non-Chinese parties. The argument is made that whilst there have been very significant steps taken in the development of the regime, there remain areas of concern, including the intrusive behavioural nature of the majority of remedies, the lack of clarity as to the operation of the substantive test, and a perceived imbalance in the targets of enforcement.
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Hidayat, Fahrul Rizki, Lalu Sabardi, and Kurniawan Kurniawan. "The Role and Function of Supervision from the Notary Supervisory Board in Dealing with Violations of Ethics and Notary Position in Mataram City." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i3.832.
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This study discusses the role and function of the Notary Supervisory Board against the notary who violates the code of ethics and notary position. It applies the empirical legal juridical research method that is carried out by examining the conditions in the field related to the implementation of supervision and guidance of notaries by the Supervisory Board in Mataram City. Based on Article 1 paragraph (6) Law on Notary Position, the Notary Supervisory Board is an institution that has the authority and obligation to carry out guidance and supervision of the notary. In carrying out supervision and guidance, the Minister forms a Supervisory Board consisting of 3 (three) levels which include the Regional Supervisory Board in the city/regency, the Provincial Supervisory Board in the province and the Central Supervisory Board in the capital. Each level consists of 9 (nine) different people; each of 3 (three) people came from government, notary, expert/academic elements. The Supervisory Board has very important roles and functions in law enforcement against notaries in their territories in holding hearings to check for suspected violations of the code of ethics and notary position. Law enforcement can be in the form of preventive measures (supervision) and curative steps (implementation of sanctions). Thus, if the notary commits a violation, the Supervisory Board has the right to examine and sanction him/her. Sanctions can be in the form of written warning, temporary dismissal, respectful dismissal and/or disrespectful dismissal.
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Riandini Arief, Andi Nurfajriani, Syukri Akub, and Syamsuddin Muchtar. "Persetujuan Majelis Kehormatan Notaris Wilayah Dalam Pengambilan Minuta Akta Dalam Proses Peradilan." Al-Adalah: Jurnal Hukum dan Politik Islam 4, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 52–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35673/ajmpi.v4i1.213.
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This study aims to examine the importance of the approval of the Regional Notary Honorary Council in taking photocopies of the minuta notary deed for examination in criminal cases carried out by notaries and inspection mechanisms by the Regional Notary Honorary Council in approving alleged criminal acts committed by Notaries. This research is empirical juridical research. The results of the study show that the Honorary Board of Notaries in the South Sulawesi Province still get obstacles in carrying out their duties and functions, especially in giving decisions both in approval and rejection of requests from law enforcement officials. Based on the results of the study the authors inventory the obstacles that come from notaries and law enforcement officials as well as in terms of legal rules. The suggestion in the future is the need for continuous guidance to notaries and law enforcement officials so that both parties can understand their respective positions in carrying out the profession as well as understanding the duties and functions of the Regional Notary Honorary Council.
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Sviridova, Ekaterina A. "Inventions created by artificial intelligence software: problems of law enforcement." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 11 (2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520017527-0.
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The article analyzes the issue of determining the author and patent holder of an invention created by artificial intelligence software. The problem of determining the authorship of objects of patent law created by artificial intelligence is considered from two sides: the definition of the author of an individual under the guidance and control of which artificial intelligence has achieved a patentable result, and the recognition of the status of the inventor for the artificial intelligence itself due to the creative nature of the inventive process. It is proved that the definition of the behavior of artificial intelligence by setting the problem and giving the necessary instructions for its solution leads to the recognition of the person giving such instructions as the inventor of the result, and artificial intelligence makes only a means to achieve the result. It is concluded that in order to recognize the author of artificial intelligence software as the inventor of the result developed by such artificial intelligence, it is not enough for the author to take an indirect part by "training" artificial intelligence algorithms and determining the identified errors in their work. The unpredictability and non-obviousness of the decision-making process by artificial intelligence for the programmer does not allow him to recognize the inventor of the results created by the software. At this stage of the development of artificial intelligence technology, the process of creating an invention by artificial intelligence is proposed to be considered as a revision of the parameters and characteristics existing in this field of technology, and the implementation of a choice from certain categories.
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Suwardi, Suwardi. "THE SYNCHRONIZATION NECESSARY OF NOTARY SUPERVISION BY NOTARY SUPERVISORY AND HONOUR COUNCIL." Jurnal Akta 8, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v8i2.14163.
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In line with the Notary's accountability for his authority, and compliance with that authority, legal certainty must be guaranteed with a continuous and effective supervision and guidance. There are currently two notary supervision and guidance institutions in Indonesia, namely the Notary Supervisory Council and the Notary Honorary Council. This study uses a normative juridical approach, which is a research that is focused on examining the application of norms or norms in positive law. Article 67 paragraph (2) of Act No. 2 of 2014 states that the Notary Supervisory Council shall supervise notaries including the behavior of the notary and the implementation of office by the notary. Meanwhile, the Honorary Council itself only provides guidance and supervision to the extent that it violates ethics. What must be remembered is that the authority possessed by the Notary Supervisory Council looks so 'broad'. This is because the Notary Supervisory Council is not only authorized to carry out guidance and supervision of notaries who violate the provisions of the law. However, the Notary Supervisory Council also provides guidance and supervision of ethical violations as carried out by the Honorary Council. The conclution of this reseach is Synchronization of Notary Supervision by the Notary Supervisory Council and guidance by the Notary Honorary Council in law enforcement is very necessary.
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Rachmayanti, Annisa Ayu. "The Role of The Notary Honorary Assembly in Law Enforcement Following The Change of Article 66 of Law No. 30 Of 2004 on Notary Positions." Authentica 3, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.atc.2020.3.2.57.
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The role and function of the Notary has experienced very rapid progress other than because of the very high community needs but also awareness of legal certainty related to an engagement. Notaries in carrying out their duties and positions are bound by the rules of office and are also bound by a code of ethics as a guide to the behavior of the Notary profession. This supervision is carried out by institutions that have been given the mandate based on applicable laws. The data used are secondary data and primary data as a complement to secondary data. The method used in this research is the normative juridical approach. The research results obtained by the Notary Honorary Council have a role in the supervision, guidance and protection of the notary public. Enforcement of law includes the role of supervision carried out by giving approval or rejection of the summon of the Notary and photocopy of a notary deed due to a request from the investigator or judge. Keywords: Role, Notary Honor Council, Law Enforcement
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Kemp, Katharine. "Strengthening Enforcement and Redress Under the Australian Privacy Act." Global Privacy Law Review 3, Issue 3 (September 1, 2022): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gplr2022016.
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The regulatory regime provided by the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) has long been criticized for its limited effectiveness in providing both remedies for individuals and guidance and deterrence for entities obliged to comply with the statute. Key concerns include the restricted rights of redress for individuals, and the inadequate powers and funding of the federal privacy regulator, the Australian Information Commissioner. In the last three years, the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (ACCC) has begun to take on an important role in advocating for reform of Australia’s privacy law, assessing the potential anticompetitive effects of the data practices of digital platforms, and actively litigating privacyrelated misleading conduct matters under the Australian Consumer Law (ACL). This article describes the contrast in the roles, powers and funding of these two regulators and makes proposals for reform which would assist in providing Australians with appropriate access to justice in directly redressing privacy wrongs beyond organizations’ misleading representations about data practices. Australia, Data Privacy, Privacy Regulators, Enforcement, Redress
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Noviandi, Deni Dwi, and Aryani Witasari. "Sabhara Kudus Police Unit Effort In Combating Adulterated Liquor In Kudus District." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 1, no. 4 (December 23, 2018): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v1i4.4143.
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The issues of law enforcement in combating adulterated liquor in the Kudus Police Region, There are two (2) ways circulation of liquor law enforcement carried out by the Sabhara Kudus Police unit, namely preventive and repressive. As for preventive measures carried out where possible and still their awareness to obey the law. While repressive action is action taken if preventive measures are not effective, so that the people carrying out the law though involuntarily. While the police in law enforcement there are (two) action that is persuasive and repressive action which has its own purpose.Constraints faced by the Sabhara Kudus Police Unit in combating adulterated liquois related to the limited number of Members of the unit Sabhara Police at the sanctuary that is generally still not satisfactory, not maximum, and uneven steps socialization PERDA (Regional Regulation) conducted at the societal level, so far not uncommon understanding less precise with regard to the procedures or systems at the time of preparation until the determination of regulation efforts Sabhara Police Unit in combating Kudus adulterated liquor in the Kudus Police Region. Effort or attempt Sabhara Police Unit of the Kudus in minimizing the violation is by way of non-judicial and pro justicia. Non-judicial action is accomplished by providing guidance, exhort or guide in order not to repeat the mistakes that have been made that violates local laws. If this action is less provide a deterrent effect and the parties related to underestimate, then the action pro justicia, the actions of pro justicia is taken when actions coaching or non judicial considered insufficient because only given guidance only, then Sabhara Kudus Police Unit may soon crack down and will be brought to trial and be subjected to probation.Keywords: Sabhara Kudus Police Unit ; �Adulterated liquor.
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Tverdokhliebova, N. Ye. "The place of trainings in psychological support of personal transformations of police officers." Law and Safety 71, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2018.4.19.
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The necessity of the development and implementation of trainings in the framework of psychological support of personal transformations of future law enforcement officers for the optimization of their professional and personal development in the process of professional self-actuating has been substantiated.
The author convinces that the essential factor of prevention of personal and professional crises of law enforcement officers is the formed professional identity, which is an integral part of their professional formation. The development of the value sphere of the personality of law enforcement officers helps to optimize their behavior and self-actuating in such spheres of life as occupation, family life, relationships, hobbies. The motivational component is one of the basic in the system of moral regulation of the activities and behavior of professionals and provides a positive attitude to the chosen kind of professional activity, the desire for self-actuating and achievements, moral and professional settings and interests. Motivation acts as a connecting link between true goals, ideals, beliefs of the personality of a cadet and actions, deeds, decisions that he takes.
The psychological support is considered by the author as an integral process of diagnosis, prevention and correction of personal transformations of future law enforcement officers in the process of vocational training, which is carried out in all spheres of their activity in higher educational institutions with specific learning conditions. Trainings as a practice of psychological influence are based on active methods of group work, the use of peculiar forms of learning – knowledge, skills and techniques in the field of communication and future professional activities, diagnosis, prevention and correction.
The author has studied the expediency of using training programs for the development of professional identity, the formation of value regulators of behavior and the motivational sphere of future law enforcement officers in higher educational institutions with specific learning conditions that will increase the efficiency of professional activity and self-actuating of police officers in modern conditions.
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Akman, Pinar. "The Role of Exploitation in Abuse under Article 82 EC." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 11 (2009): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000001579.
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Abstract There is a distinction between exclusionary and exploitative abuse. An exploitative abuse directly harms customers whilst an exclusionary abuse may indirectly harm consumers. Whilst the EC Commission expresses the objective of Article 82 EC as enhancing consumer welfare, its review of the application of Article 82 EC and its 2008 Guidance on enforcement priorities is limited to exclusionary abuses and excludes consideration of exploitative abuses. This chapter argues that exploitation—direct harm to the customer—is a necessary element of an Article 82 EC infringement. However, mere exploitation does not demonstrate harm to competition and without the latter exploitation should not be prohibited by Article 82 EC. It thus advocates a fusion of the exclusionary and exploitative analysis.
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Oppenheimer, Edna, Thuong Nong, Oanh Khuat, Trang Nguyen, Xuan Do, and Van Pham. "Police-mediated legal and social assistance to people who use drugs in two districts in Hanoi, Vietnam." Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 7, Suppl_1 (July 28, 2022): S45—S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.249.
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The Police Mediated Legal and Social Assistance pilot program was piloted in two districts in Hanoi, Vietnam, between 2018 and 2020. It aimed to strengthen the collaboration between law enforcement and the health and labour sectors and to strengthen the capacity of community services to divert people who use drugs from compulsory residential treatment and support them in accessing medical, social, and legal services in their communities. A total of 204 drug users were referred to treatment and support services by the pilot. Of them, 97 (47%) were referred to methadone clinics and 90 (44%) to recovery support programs, including home-based detoxification and voluntary rehabilitation at state-owned centres. Clients were also assisted in accessing ancillary treatment as needed, such as HIV, tuberculosis, hepatitis, mental health, vocational training, legal aid, and social support. Data indicated a high level of satisfaction from all those involved in the pilot. This pilot is the first collaboration aiming to assist drug users, between law enforcement, community organizations, and the health and welfare sectors. It represents a major shift in the evolving drug policy of Vietnam.
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Sekerazh, Т. N. "Psychological Analysis of Informational Materials: Establishing a New Type of Forensic Psychological Evaluation and a New Forensic Science Specialty." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 14, no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2019-14-1-35-43.
Full textAbstract:
The need for the imposition of the new expert specialty stems from the law enforcement agencies’ demand for psychological research of informational materials in cases involving extremism and terrorism display, indecent assaults on the Internet, corruption offences, inducement and instigation of suicide, propaganda of nontraditional sexual relations among minors, propaganda of Nazi symbols and emblems and many others. Formation particularities of the new type of forensic psychological expertise and the new expert specialty ‘Psychological research of informational materials’ in the Russian Ministry of Justice forensic institutions are contemplated. The defnitions of subject and objects of this type of expertise as well as of the term ‘informational material’ are given. In the context of experts’ further vocational retraining problem it is underscored that during the public forensic experts’ preparation for the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Russian Federation Ministry of Justice system an innovative author’s further vocational training programme in expert specialty ‘Psychological research of informational materials’ is used. Meanwhile some non-State organizations, the so-called non-proft organizations, providing educational and certifcation services in the forensic feld apply the same specialty description furnishing non-original content. As a result, the members of law enforcement agencies and judges appointing an expertise form a misconception about the qualifcation of the experts having such certifcates. The unifcation of experts’ training programmes for state and non-state organizations can change the situation and improve the quality of services in forensic psychology as well as the implementation of mandatory experts’ certifcation, training programmes and materials licensing and the governmental control of the certifying organizations.
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Okafor, Kathleen. "Jurisdictional Issues in Debt Recovery Matters." East African Scholars Journal of Education, Humanities and Literature 5, no. 7 (July 3, 2022): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjehl.2022.v05i07.001.
Full textAbstract:
The jurisdiction of debt recovery processes seems clear enough under the Constitution. However, in practice, there is usually some complication and certainty on the matter whenever ancillary orders, third party notices and claims arise from debt recovery. This intellectual sojourn therefore considers cases and legislations on this subject matter. An analysis of the enforcement of court orders nationally and beyond borders is also made and recommendations on the way forward have been proposed for better guidance of Law students, law practitioners and the judiciary.