Dissertations / Theses: 'LAW / Intellectual Property / Trademark'

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Ekrt, Ondřej. "Trademark and Design Protection of Applied Art." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352497.

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The aim of the thesis is to analyse suitability of trademarks and designs for protection of products’ appearance, name its advantages and disadvantages and identify and discuss conditions that must be fulfilled for an appearance of a product to be protected by each of the two mentioned types of protection. The thesis further aims to ascertain whether it is, in general, more difficult to obtain a trademark or a design protection of products bearing in mind difficulties that may arise during the registration process. The thesis focuses mainly on the European Union trademarks and Community designs. Further, the scope of protection conferred by both instruments is analysed and evaluated and it should be determined which type of protection confers a wider protection on its owner. The thesis also aims to respond a question “which of the analysed intellectual property law instruments is more suitable and favourable for protecting an appearance of products.” Therefore, based on this thesis, users of trademarks and designs should be able to decide which of these two types of protection they should use in order to protect their products or products of their clients.

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Wokekoro, Victor Dike, and Bekibele Onome White. "Intellectual Property Protection : an External Factor that Influences a Foreign Company’s Market Entry Mode into a Prospective Market." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5216.

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Intellectual Property Protection is been understood in this paper as IP laws and enforcement of these laws in order to protect intellectual property rights. The goal of this research work is to understand how Swedish companies view issues regarding to Intellectual Property Protection (IPP) and how it influences a foreign company?s market entry mode. In order to achieve this objective, the Nigerian market situation and its? laws that govern IPP will be used to analyzed this issue. This paper argues that IPP is an important factor that influences a company?s entry mode and this argument finds IP laws and enforcement as two variables that influence the market while the market situation influences the foreign company. In carrying out this research literature was reviewed and interviews carried out. The research methodology section has presented a qualitative research and explains the nature of the interview stages that have been used to achieve the goals concerning the findings of the empirical data. A qualitative method was adopted by carrying out in-depth semi-structured interviews. The empirical data collected from the investigation were gathered and analyzed based on the research questions. The findings show that IPP of a host market influences a potential foreign company through the market situation that is also influenced by IP laws and enforcement. The outcome of these findings argues that the Swedish companies that were interviewed in this research will enter the Nigerian market through an intermediary mode. This has been based on the current IPP system of Nigerian.

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Miggels, Alvizo Romano. "An analysis of trademark infringement by dilution under South African law." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7329.

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Magister Legum - LLM
The rights relating to a trademark are said to be found in the fact that proprietors have acquired goodwill and a repute in their mark. Trademark law has always protected that aspect of what a trademark embodied, inter alia, to serve as a symbol of where a product originates from and guarantee quality by the setting the registered trademark proprietor’s goods apart from those of his competitor. The dilution of a trademark is one of the most challenging issues facing the sphere of trademark law in South Africa. Trademark proprietors have in the past relied successfully on primary and secondary or extended infringement. There has, however, been a dearth of cases on infringement by dilution thus far. The research in this study will primarily take the form of an evaluation of the development of the anti-dilution action and why there is dearth of successful cases in South Africa. Trademark proprietors are at risk of suffering financial loss if they are not able to protect their marks from dilution. The thesis will make recommendations whether the dilution provision contained in the Act need reform or whether the approach to the application of the anti-dilution provisions by our judiciary needs to change.

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Kusumadara, Afifah. "Analysis of the failure of the implementation of intellectual property laws in Indonesia." University of Sydney. Law, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/820.

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For the past two decades, intellectual property law has been the fastest growing and most dynamic field in Indonesia. But, despite impressive and extensive legal reform conducted by the Indonesian government in the area, intellectual property laws remain very difficult to enforce. Ignorance of intellectual property law is widespread within the country and protection of intellectual property rights is both practically and legally weak.

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Jungmann, Nina. "Comparative advertising between the conflicting priorities of fair competition, trademark holder's rights and consumer information under South African law compared to the European and German approach on this issue." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20877.

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The dissertation addresses the legal conflict which is related to the legitimacy of comparative advertising. The national legal system has the task to balance antagonistic interests of trademark proprietors, advertisers, consumers and the public at large. The thesis examines the South African, the European and the German legal system implemented a legal balance and presents consequences, commonalities and differences. After starting with an historical overview on comparative advertising in South Africa and the Advertising Standards Authorities' self-regulating system, the Common law of Unlawful Competition will be addressed with regard to its influences on comparative advertising. Further, the thesis deals with the South African Trade Mark Act and its interpretation of infringement in terms of comparative advertising. Also considering European jurisdiction will be considered. The European approach on trade marks and comparative advertising will be presented as it leads to the German approach on comparative advertising and served as inspiration for the South African Trade Marks Act. The manner of implementation of European Directives influencing comparative advertising in German national law will be examined. Hereby, the distinctive characteristics which are required for comparative advertising as well as the special statutory mentioned cases in which it is unlawful will be presented. The high level of legal differentiation shall be emphasized since this may lead to differences compared to the South African law. Finally, I will compare how South African law and German law approach the subject comparative advertising. Especially the influences of Common law and statutory law on unlawful competition will be compared and evaluated. It shall be presented which consequences can arise out of different systematic approaches in this field of law. Additionally, the differences in the legal approaches on trade mark infringement will be highlighted in respect of presenting whether they cause actual consequences for the final legal valuation of comparative advertising. Furthermore, the commonalities concerning the purpose of encouraging comparative advertising will be addressed.

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Hemerly, Henrique. "The Impact of Database Querying Exactitude in Intellectual Property Law Practice in Brazil." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97032.

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In current business affairs, most executive professions require one or several kinds of data consultation in their practice. Nowadays, the majority of data either is or has been digitalized and digital data is defined as information represented in a discrete and discontinuous manner. For accessibility purposes, data are often stored in databases that organize information via design and modeling techniques to facilitate querying. Data retrieval is crucial and if this process lacks efficacy, users either are presented incomplete information or are forced to perform repetitive queries. Intellectual property (IP) lawyers in Brazil are among that group and must regularly access a private database for trademark information. While it contains all the data they require, the database’s querying mechanisms are not tailored for IP law practice. The existing filters and lack of replacement algorithms often yield incomplete results, increasing time and resources dispended. With millions of dollars in potential lawsuits and work-hours, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether an IP-focused querying system could help mitigate this resource waste, facilitating the trademark comparison work of IP lawyers. For this, a new orthographic and phonetically focused querying logic was implemented. ANOVA tests and a questionnaire were used to compare the existing querying mechanism with the new one in terms of time, work satisfaction and querying accuracy. Results indicate the new querying system significantly decreased the amount of searches needed to execute a complete trademark analysis, while lawyers averaged the same amount of time to complete their work. Lawyers also reported higher work satisfaction levels and perceived increase in work efficiency.

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Nghihalwa, Saima Litauleni. "An analysis of the registration of traditional product names, terms, symbols and other cultural expressions as trademarks in Namibia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12934.

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Includes bibliographical references.
Protection of traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions of indigenous communities is one of the most contentious and complicated issues on both international and national agendas. The historical development of the protection of intellectual property in the wake of the industrial revolution and its subsequent jurisprudential justification, based on private property rights, pushed TK and the practice based on it, outside the purview of the formal intellectual protection regime. There is substantial evidence that TK has in past decades been used in a range of industries and has accordingly led to new products as well as the development of existing products. Evidence of this can be found in the areas of special foods and beverages, the cosmetic sector, personal care, agriculture, horticulture and pharmaceuticals. Industries sometimes make use of this knowledge to formulate new products, which they do in a slightly different manner so as to market the products as their own. Currently, there are certain products in Namibia that use the traditional terms of products as trademarks. Despite the fact that some of these terms are not registered with the Ministry of Trade and Industries, these owners enjoy common law protection under trademark law. This is especially so for well-known products such as Omaere milk, which is a product of the Namibia Dairies (Pty) Ltd. The term Omaere is used by the OvaHerero and OvaHimba speaking communities of Namibia and Botswana to refer to traditionally processed curdled milk. The Namibian Dairies (Pty) Ltd has been making use of this name for one of their curdled milk products for more than 15 years. During this period the company has done such excessive marketing of the product that this name has come to be regarded as their trademark. Reviewing it from this perspective, one can conclude that no-one else could use this name to refer to their milk products, as it has come to be considered as a product of the Namibia Dairies.

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Solanke, Oluwatosin Modupe. "Proposed amendments for consideration in the review of the copyright and trademarks protection for the digital environment in Nigeria." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13037.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis considers the manner in which Nigerian intellectual property law regulates the digital environment. The main question it asks is whether existing intellectual property law adequately balances and protects the rights of rightholders and users in the digital environment.

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Alharbi, Meshal Nayef. "Trademark and patent disputes in Saudi Arabia : an analysis of private international law." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13858.

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The subject of the conflict of laws and arbitration in intellectual property rights is a complicated topic to research, because the normal rules of private international law and arbitration can be affected by the special characteristics of patents and trademarks. Some rules of these subjects might need to be reformed and in some cases there are principles that should be created to successfully handle cross-border disputes concerning patents and trademarks. Establishment of a special court with supranational jurisdiction may be required to resolve these types of disputes. Recently, this subject has been given enormous attention around the world. While the academics, legislators and forums in developed states have broadly discussed the subject of conflict of laws and arbitration in intellectual property rights, in Saudi Arabia, it has not been given noticeable attention. This thesis intends to make a significant contribution to Saudi law and provide appropriate approaches on the subject of conflict of laws and arbitration in intellectual property rights. The topics which will be covered in this thesis are the rules of international jurisdiction, the rules of choice of law, the rules for enforcement of foreign judgments and the rules of arbitration. The modification and the enhancement of the rules of private international law and arbitration established in Saudi law will be recommended and the arguments for each suggested approach will be presented.

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Wahlberg, Sara. "Särskiljningsförmåga hos geografiska namn : En varumärkesrättslig studie." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-106954.

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Enligt grundregeln i 1:5 2 st. 1 p. varumärkeslagen (2010:1877) (VML) är varukännetecken som endast består av tecken eller benämningar som visar en varas eller tjänsts geografiska ursprung inte särskiljande och uppfyller därmed inte kraven för att kunna varumärkesregistreras. Ett varumärke får heller inte registreras om det är ägnat att vilseleda allmänheten i fråga om varans eller tjänstens geografiska ursprung, 2:7 1 st. VML. Dessa två hindrande faktorer har genomsyrat den länge strikta bedömningen av geografiska namns särskiljningsförmåga som genom praxis de senaste åren lättats upp. Det råder dock alltjämt osäkerhet för i vilka fall ett varumärke innehållande ett geografiskt namn uppfyller kraven för registrering. Varumärkesrätten har under de senaste åren genomgått en stor förändring. Tidigare krävdes starka bevis på flerårig inarbetning för att kunna erhålla ensamrätt till varumärke innehållande geografiska namn alternativt att känneteckensinnehavaren använde sig av namn på exempelvis berg eller floder som knappast kunde utgöra ett geografiskt ursprung för en vara eller tjänst. Det starka frihållningsbehovet med tanken att geografiska namn ska kunna användas fritt av alla har dragits tillbaka något, till förmån för möjligheten att registrera varumärken och därmed erhålla ensamrätt till vissa beteckningar. Den ensamrätt som erhålls vid registrering av ett beskrivande ord såsom ett geografiskt namn är dock begränsad, eftersom vissa beskrivande begrepp såsom geografiska namn ska kunna brukas av alla. Konflikten mellan varumärkesintrång och användande av delar av annans varumärke i enlighet med god affärssed är därför något svårdefinierad. Från att i princip endast vara möjligt att få registrering genom inarbetning eller vid användning av mycket okända geografiska namn eller osannolika ursprungsangivelser fäster man idag stor vikt vid bedömningen av om det finns ett samband mellan varumärkets berörda varor eller tjänster och den geografiska platsen. Det görs också en helhetsbedömning för att avgöra märkets särskiljningsförmåga.

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Pettersson, Martin. "®-symbolen : Klargörande om registrerat varumärke." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1053.

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Trademarks are distinguishing marks that are used by companies to highlight their goods or services to separate them from other companies. In Sweden, trademarks are protected by a certain Trademark Law called Varumärkeslagen. The law is a result of many years of improvements from earlier trademark laws. Since Sweden is member of the European Union, its laws are affected and in many cases inferior to laws of the Union. A new Trademark Law is about to be implemented in Sweden, thanks to a directive from the European Union.

When a trademark is registered it is possible to use the symbol ® along with the trademark. This symbol indicates that the good or service can be trusted and also tells other companies that the trademark can be protected from possible infringements. Originally the symbol comes from American trademark law and in the USA there are certain regulations on how to use the symbol, regulations that we don’t have in Sweden or Europe.

However, trademark registrations are done approximately in the same way in USA, Sweden and EU. In the USA an application is sent to USPTO which is correspondent to PRV in Sweden and OHIM in the EU. There are certain conditions that need to be fulfilled before and registration can take place and these conditions are also very similar if we compare the different systems. There are different systems for registration of trademarks, except the national systems. If you want to register a trademark in the EU there’s a certain system and if you’re looking to get a registration outside the Union you can do this through another system.

Occasionally, some companies use the ® symbol without actually having a registration in the country where the good or service is promoted and sometimes they don’t even have a registration at all, in any country. When this happens, these companies are most often suited in court. One of these cases occurred in Germany in 1989. A German company had been marketing a blood filter that was imported from Italy. The trademark was registered in Italy but not in Germany and another operator on the German reacted. The German court found that the use of the ® symbol without a German registration was improper but considered that a prohibition might be restrictive to the principle of free movement of goods in the EU. This consideration proved to be accurate after a decision from the EU court of the. There are further cases like this one from the market courts of Sweden and Finland but in these particular cases there were no registration existing at all, not in any country. The courts passed sentence on these companies for misleading advertising.

It has been proven that cases like these are not always easy to settle since national laws are affected and sometimes controlled by laws or directives of the EU. Hopefully, the new harmonized marketing law will make it easier further on. Still, there are no regulations on the use of the ® symbol in Sweden or the EU and since it seems to cause problems, if not very often, I think it would be good to introduce some common rules for this.

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Borneika, Nikas. "Erdviniai prekių ženklai ir dizainas: tarpusavio santykio problema." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110124_131605-37686.

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Darbe analizuojamas erdvinio prekių ženklo ir dizaino tarpusavio santykis. Ši analizė paremta dviejų skirtingų pramoninės nuosavybės objektų apsaugos sistemų palyginimu. Tema yra aktuali tuo, jog prekių ženklo apsauga, kaip ir dizaino apsauga, yra galima prekės išoriniam vaizdui, t.y. erdvinei formai. Dėl šios priežasties, gamintojui, norinčiam teisinėmis priemonėmis apsaugoti savo produkto formą, atsiranda kelios galimybės. Tinkamai pasirinkti apsaugos kelią yra svarbu dėl to, jog nuo šio pasirinkimo gali priklausyti objekto apsaugos apimtis. Iš kitos pusės teorijoje pripažįstama, jog dizaino ir prekių ženklo apsaugos objektai vis dėlto privalo būti atriboti, kadangi abi apsaugos sistemos paremtos skirtingais tikslais, kurie iš esmės siejasi su pagrindiniais intelektinės nuosavybės teisės principais – užtikrinti skirtingų interesų pusiausvyrą. Teigiama, jog, neesant aiškios takoskyros, ši pusiausvyra gali būti greitai pažeista. Siekdamas išsiaiškinti šias problemas autorius gilinasi į prekių ženklo bei dizaino apsaugos teisinio reguliavimo ypatumus, t.y. reikalavimus objektams, suteikiamas teises, teisių pažeidimo nustatymo kriterijus, apsaugos terminą bei tam tikras teisės aktuose nustatytas išimtis. Išanalizavus teisinį reguliavimą, išaiškėja pagrindiniai dizaino ir prekių ženklo apsaugos privalumai ir trūkumai, bei erdvinio prekių ženklo ir dizaino atribojimo klausimai.
This paper concentrates on analysis of a correlation between three-dimensional trademark and design. Such an analysis is based on a comparison between separate systems of industrial property protection. The relevance of a subject is that trademark protection, as well as design, can be achieved on the same object – three-dimensional shape of an article. For that reason, proprietor has a several possibilities when he seeks a legal protection for a shape of product. It is important for proprietor to make a reasonable decision because the scope of protection may depend on which way of protection will be chosen. However, it is recognized that the trademark and design objects of protection has to be delimitated. It is argued that such an overlap between three-dimensional trademark and design jeopardizes the basic principles of an intellectual property law which is a balance of different public interests. In order to clarify these problems author analyzes the legal framework of trademark and design, i.e. requirements for objects, rights given by registration, test of infringement, term of protection and certain exclusions from registration. Such a review of a legal regulation will reveal the basic advantages and disadvantages of these different registration systems and help to resolve the issues of delimitation of three-dimensional trademarks and design.

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Романенко, Є. О., Катерина Дмитрівна Янішевська, Екатерина Дмитриевна Янишевская, and Kateryna Dmytrivna Yanishevska. "Щодо історичних аспектів зародження засобів індивідуалізації учасників цивільного обороту." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/78899.

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Сучасне цивільне законодавство регулює відносини, пов'язані з використанням значної кількості об‘'єктів, що застосовуються учасниками цивільного обороту, для виокремлення себе та результатів своєї діяльності. Для правової охорони окремих з них використовуються норми права інтелектуальної власності та конструкція виключних прав. Так, відповідно до ст. 420 Цивільного кодексу України до об‘єктів інтелектуальної власності належать, зокрема, комерційні (фірмові) найменування, торговельні марки та географічні зазначення [1]. Наведені позначення виконують ідентифікуючу функцію та дістали у правовій науці узагальнюючу назву «засоби індивідуалізації учасників цивільного обороту, товарів і послуг». Історія виникнення та нормативного оформлення засобів індивідуалізації учасників цивільного обороту товарів та послуг розглядається в юридичній науці неоднозначно. Дана обставина обумовлюється широким діапазоном поглядів вчених на питання черговості появи різних видів ідентифікуючих позначень та різницею у трактуванні моменту зародження окремих засобів індивідуалізації у межах значних історичних періодів.

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Pokhrel, Lok Raj. "Appropriation of Yoga and Other Indigenous Knowledge & Cultural Heritage: A Critical Analysis of the Legal Regime of Intellectual Property Rights." restricted, 2009. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07092009-145552/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2009.
Title from file title page. Gregory C. Lisby, committee chair; Kathryn Fuller-Seeley, Svetlana V. Kulikova, committee members. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 22, 2010. Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-167).

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Benaired, Abdelghani. "La protection des marques en Algérie : propositions pour une modification du droit de marque." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0004.

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En Algérie, la protection des marques est mise à l’épreuve par différentes formes d’atteintes, favorisant ainsi, un sentiment d’insécurité juridique très profond. Ce travail de recherche a vocation à effectuer une étude du droit positif algérien afin d’évaluer les dispositions relatives à la protection de la marque et d’en cerner les dispositions lacunaires pour tenter d’apporter des solutions. Nous allons analyser l’existence juridique de la marque afin de comprendre quand le titulaire bénéficie d’une protection sur sa marque, pour ensuite, exposer les instruments prévus dans la législation pour mettre en œuvre cette protection accordée à la marque avant et après son enregistrement. Tel est l’objet de la première partie. Nous allons ensuite dans la seconde partie étudier la protection de la marque au regard du droit comparé en analysant des notions et des principes prévus dans des droits étrangers, tels que l’acquisition de la protection de la marque par l’usage, la protection des marques non visuelles et le risque d’association dans l’esprit du public des consommateurs. Nous nous sommes également intéressés à la recherche d’un système procédural plus complet que celui déjà adopté en droit algérien. Serait important un recours judiciaire contre le refus d’enregistrement et de la procédure d’opposition contre les demandes d’enregistrement de marques, deux procédures négligées en droit algérien. Pour à la fin tenter de chercher une meilleure protection de la marque notoire, afin de proposer ces notions et principes, après avoir tenté de les adapter à la situation en Algérie, comme solutions pour rendre le droit positif algérien plus efficace et complet
In Algeria, trademark protection is put to the test by various forms of infringement, thus favoring a very deep sense of legal uncertainty. This research is intended to carry out a study of Algerian positive law in order to evaluate the provisions relating to the protection of the brand and to identify the incomplete provisions to try to provide solutions. We will analyze the legal existence of the mark in order to understand when the holder benefits from a protection on his mark, then to expose the instruments envisaged in the legislation to implement the protection granted to the mark before and after its registration, which is the purpose of the first part. In the second part, we will study the protection of the brand with regard to comparative law by analyzing concepts and principles provided for in foreign rights, such as the acquisition of trademark protection by use, the protection of non-visual marks and the risk of association in the minds of the consumers. We are also interested in the search for a more complete procedural system than that already adopted in Algerian law. It would be important to have a judicial appeal against the refusal of registration and the opposition procedure against trademark applications ; two procedures neglected by the Algerian legislator. In the end, we try to seek a better protection of the well-known brand, to propose these concepts and principles, after trying to adapt them to the situation in Algeria, as solutions to make Algerian positive law more effective and complete

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Garbuz, Cristina. "Pharmaceutical Trademarks : What should we know about them?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323928.

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Rejanovinschi, Talledo Moisés. "The «Andean judge» in intellectual property issues: application to the Peruvian case." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116321.

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This paper emphasizes the role of Andean Tribunal of Justice, however disagrees with criteria used to recognize administrative entities such as «national judge» or «Andean judge». If we apply the Tribunal criteria, several administrators of justice in Intellectual Property will be exempt of collaborating with Andean integration.
El presente documento enfatiza el rol del Tribunal de Justicia de la Comunidad Andina pero discrepa de los criterios establecidos para reconocer a las entidades administrativas como «juez nacional» o «juez andino». Si se sigue el criterio del Tribunal, diversos administradores de justicia en propiedad intelectual se considerarán exonerados de colaborar con la integración andina.

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Shay, Richard Michael. "Users' entitlements under the fair dealing exceptions to copyright." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71691.

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Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
Includes bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis analyses current South African copyright law to ascertain the proper interpretation and application of the fair dealing provisions contained in the Copyright Act 98 of 1978. Copyright law ensures that authors’ works are not used without their consent, which they can grant subject to compensation or conditions attached to the use. Fair dealing exceptions allow the general public to use copyright works for certain purposes without the copyright owner’s consent and without paying compensation. These provisions are intended to balance copyright owners’ interests with the interest that members of the public have in using copyright works for socially beneficial purposes. These provisions typically allow the use of a copyright work for the purposes of research or private study, personal or private use, criticism and review, and news reporting. Unfortunately there is no South African case law concerning the fair dealing provisions, and the application of these exceptions remains unclear. This study aims to clarify the extent of application of the fair dealing exceptions to copyright infringement so that courts may be more willing to consider foreign and international law and in doing so develop South African intellectual property law. The social and economic policy considerations underlying the fair dealing exceptions are considered to determine their function. International conventions relating to copyright and neighbouring rights are examined, specifically the provisions allowing exceptions to copyright. The legislation and case law of Australia and the United Kingdom are analysed to determine the proper interpretation and application of these statutory defences. This knowledge is then used to inform South African law. The Copyright Act 98 of 1978 does not contain a fair dealing exception for parody and satire. Australian legislation does contain such an exception, and it is analysed in that context. An exception for parody is proposed for South African law, and the need for and application of this provision is considered. The constitutionality of the proposed exception is evaluated in terms of its impact on the constitutional property rights of copyright owners.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek Suid-Afrikaanse outeursreg om die behoorlike uitleg en toepassing van die “billike gebruik”-bepalings in die Wet op Outeursreg 98 van 1978 te bepaal. Outeursreg beskerm die werk van ŉ outeur teen ongemagtigde gebruik van haar intellektuele eiendom. Gebruik kan deur die outeur gemagtig word, òf teen vergoeding òf onderhewig aan bepaalde voorwaardes. Artikels 12-19B (die billike gebruik-bepalings) van die Wet op Outeursreg laat ander toe om sekere werke te gebruik sonder die toestemming van die eienaar van die werk en sonder om vergoeding te betaal. Die bepalings streef om ŉ balans te tref tussen die belange van die outeur en die belange van die publiek. ŉ Werk mag volgens hierdie bepalings tipies gebruik word vir die doeleindes van navorsing of private studie, persoonlike of private gebruik, beoordeling of resensie, of om nuus te rapporteer. Daar is tans geen Suid-Afrikaanse regspraak rakende hierdie uitsonderings nie, en hul toepassing is dus onseker. Hierdie tesis beoog om die werking van die billike gebruik-bepalings duidelik uiteen te sit om hoër gewilligheid in howe te skep om internasionale en buitelandse reg toe te pas, en sodoende Suid-Afrikaanse immateriële goederereg te ontwikkel. Die sosiale en ekonomiese beleidsoorwegings wat die bepalings ondersteun word geanaliseer om die doel daarvan te bepaal. Internasionale outeursreg-verdragte word bespreek om ŉ raamwerk vir die uitsonderings te skep. Wetgewing en regspraak van Australië en die Verenigde Koninkryk word ondersoek, en die kennis wat daar opgedoen word, word toegepas op die Suid-Afrikaanse bepalings. Die Wet op Outeursreg 98 van 1978 bevat geen uitsondering vir die doeleindes van parodie en satire nie. Die Australiese Wet op Outeursreg 63 van 1968 bevat wel so ŉ uitsondering, en dit word in hierdie verband beoordeel. ŉ Uitsondering vir parodie en satire word voorgestel en oorweeg in die konteks van Suid-Afrikaanse outeursreg. Die grondwetlikheid van die voorgestelde uitsondering word bepaal na aanleiding van die impak wat dit sal hê op outeurs se eiendomsreg.

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Wijesinghe, Sanath Sameera. "Towards global policy coherence for tobacco plain packaging: Examining the challenges for low-and middle-income countries." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/213227/1/Sanath%20Sameera%20Wijesinghe_Wijesinghe%20Arachchilage_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis examines the implementation gap of tobacco plain packaging measures between low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries, looking at the likely challenges that low- and middle-income countries face in implementing plain packaging measures. The thesis identifies three key challenges: resource constraints, intense tobacco industry interference and the threat of litigation for purported breaches of intellectual property rights. This thesis makes strong recommendations for how the global community and international law and policy can support low- and middle-income countries that want to implement tobacco plain packaging measures.

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Demirdag, Serap. "Harmonisation In European Union On Industrial Property Rights Protection Procedures: Effects On Turkey Within The Framework Of Customs Union." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604962/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims at answering two questions under the topic of Harmonisation of Industrial Property Rights Protection Procedures in the European Union. The questions researched are: &ldquo
What are the current systems of Industrial Property Rights protection in the world, in the European Union and Turkey?&rdquo
and &ldquo
Is there a way for Turkey to be included within the EU Industrial Property protection system in the future while still being under the relation of Customs Union?&rdquo
. To answer these questions current systems of Industrial Property Rights protection in the world, in European Union and Turkey is briefly analyzed and following this analysis, a proposal for a closer cooperation in Industrial Property protection system of Turkey with the European Union is given backed up with a comparison of statistical data of EU, Turkey and candidate countries.

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21

Maslauskaitė, Eglė. "Intelektinės nuosavybės teisių (IPR) muitinis užtikrinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20100224_134005-74323.

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Baigiamojo magistro darbo tema - „Intelektinės nuosavybės teisių muitinis užtikrinimas“. Darbe keliama problema – intelektinės nuosavybės teisės pažeidimų skaičiaus augimas. Pastebėtina, jog, esant prastai ekonominei padėčiai, intelektinės nuosavybės teisių pažeidėjai pradėjo klastoti ne tik prabangos prekes. Patekusios į rinką klastotos prekės gali pakenkti vartotojui. Tačiau esant blogai ekonominei padėčiai, valstybės institucijoms gaunant mažesnį finansavimą nei įprastai, gali iškilti šių teisių užtikrinimo problema. Darbe keliama hipotezė: Didėjant Lietuvos muitinės veiklos efektyvumui ginant intelektinės nuosavybės teises bei stiprinant kovą prieš klastojimą ir piratavimą, nėra pasiekiamas laukiamas ekonominis efektas. Darbo tikslas: atskleisti intelektinės nuosavybės teisių muitinio užtikrinimo savitumus ir pateikti pasiūlymus dėl veiklos ekonominio efektyvinimo. Darbo uždaviniai: apibūdinti intelektinės nuosavybės svarbą tarptautinėje prekyboje; Išanalizuoti intelektinės nuosavybės apsaugos teisės aktus tarptautiniu ir nacionaliniu lygmeniu bei apžvelgti institucijas, atsakingas už jos įgyvendinimą; apžvelgti muitinės priežiūros priemones, taikomas intelektinės nuosavybės teisių apsaugos srityje; atlikti intelektinės nuosavybės teisių muitinio užtikrinimo Lietuvoje analizę; atliktos analizės pagrindu suformuoti išvadas ir pasiūlymus. pateikti intelektinės nuosavybės teisių muitinio užtikrinimo perspektyvas . Magistro baigiamąjį darbą sudaro keturios dalys:... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
In order the subjects of intellectual property could participate actively in the international trade, and seeking to avoid unfair competence, their rights must be protected. To this purpose international organizations have been established and a number of international conventions have been signed. Customs plays a very important role while protecting the property that participates in the international trade. The topic of the final master’s thesis is “Customs Protection of Intellectual Property Rights”. The problem raised in the thesis is the increment in number of violation of intellectual property right. It should be noted that in the presence of depressed economic situation the violators of intellectual property rights started falsifying not only luxury goods. Falsified goods, which enter the market, may make harm to the consumers. However, in the presence of depressed economic situation and when national authorities receive lower financing than usually, there may arise a problem of intellectual property rights protection. The thesis has raised hypothesis: While the activity effectiveness of Lithuanian customs is increasing, having protection the rights of intellectual ownership and strengthening the high against falsification and piracy, the expected economic effect is not achieved. The aim of the thesis is to reveal how effectively and economically the Customs of the Republic of Lithuania protects intellectual property rights. The objectives of the thesis are as... [to full text]

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22

Fung, Pak Tim. "Patent and trade mark laws of the People's Republic of China." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38627784.

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23

Antons, Christoph Hubert Jakob. "Intellectual property law in Indonesia /." The Hague [u.a.] : Kluwer Law International, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/31965043X.pdf.

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24

Moore, Adam D. "A Lockean Theory of Intellectual Property." Connect to resource, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1214419634.

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25

Soepboer, Mick. "Libertarian views on intellectual property law." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4557.

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During the elections for the European Parliament in June 2009, an unknown party in Sweden turned out to be very successful. The Pirate Party, campaigning for patents to be scrapped and copyright to last just five years instead of 70, received 7% of the votes in the Scandinavian country, giving the party the right to a seat in the Parliament in Brussels. These modern day pirates are most successful in Sweden, but similar parties exist in the United States and a number of European countries as well. In modern society, copyrights, patents, and other forms of intellectual property play a bigger role in normal life than they did one or two decades ago. This development makes people more aware of all the effects of intellectual property theory and policy cause. It also brings up the discussion concerning whether the original goals of the policies are still being pursued properly. Is the chosen path in IP law still a valid one in this digital age or is it time to rethink the structure?

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26

Maldent, Anne-Sophie. "Analyse économique de la marque et du délit d'achat de contrefaçon." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2024.

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Dans la mesure où la marque facilite le choix des consommateurs dans le spectre des variétés et qualités des produits, elle s'avère indispensable pour l'allocation efficace des ressources dans le processus productif, devenant ainsi un actif important des entreprises, au point qu'il existe désormais un « marché » sur lequel se rencontrent une offre et une demande de marques. En ce sens, le travail de recherche s'articule sur l'analyse économique de l'offre par les entreprises et les contrefacteurs et la demande de marques par les consommateurs. D'abord, il s'agit de démontrer que l'offre de marque est assimilable à un moyen de différenciation de l'entreprise sur un marché concurrentiel. La marque apparaît comme un vecteur important de l'activité entrepreneuriale, source de croissance. Ensuite, une autre partie de la recherche est consacrée à l'analyse de la marque du côté de la demande, et notamment à un aspect particulier de la demande de marque qui réside dans la demande de contrefaçon de marques. Nous proposons un modèle théorique d'achat de contrefaçons de marque avec un mécanisme de théorie des jeux sur la formation d'une norme sociale. Enfin, la présente étude tente de démontrer que les comportements de consommation de contrefaçon restent largement influencés par le cadre légal qui régit la contrefaçon de marque, et que l'efficacité des politiques de lutte contre ce phénomène est affectée par un élargissement du marché de la contrefaçon, lequel résulte de l'expansion croissante des nouvelles technologies et du développement de la consommation en réseau
To the extent that brandname facilitates consumer choice in the spectrum of varieties and qualities of products, it is a determining factor of the efficient allocation of resources in the production process, thus becoming an important corporate asset, up to the point that there is now a "market" of brands where meet supply and demand for brands. Thus, this research is based on an economic analysis of the supply of brands by firms and counterfeiters and the demand for brands by consumers. First, it is to show that supplying a brand is comparable to a means of differentiating the firm in a competitive market, and the mark appears as an important driver of entrepreneurial activity and a source growth. Then, another part of the research is devoted to the analysis of the mark on the demand side of the market, including a particular aspect of the demand for trademark which is the demand for trademark infringement. We build a theoretical model of purchasing counterfeited brands with a mechanism of game theory on the formation of a social norm. Finally, we attempt to show that counterfeit consumption behavior remains largely influenced by the legal framework governing trademark infringement, and that the effectiveness of policies to fight against this phenomenon is affected by an expansion of the market counterfeiting, which results from the increasing expansion of new technologies and the growth of consumption in the network

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27

Fraessdorf, Henning. "Intellectual property in standards." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78214.

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Standards are complex phenomena that exist in almost every area of human life, whether in the form of language, stock scenes in literature and films, computer user interfaces or protocols that allow data transfer over the internet. They are important building blocks for any form of human activity. Property rights in standards, provided by the laws of intellectual property, can foster their development by giving incentives to create technologies or works that are capable to become standards; but property rights can also impede further innovation since they allow the owner to exclude others from the use of the protected standard. Furthermore, standards are perceived to offer higher returns in form of royalties than "regular" technologies. In this context, standardization has been used as an argument to reduce the scope of protection for standard technologies with respect to computer user interfaces.
The thesis evaluates the soundness of a general argument of standardization for weaker protection in intellectual property law. It elaborates the arguments that are put forward to justify weaker protection in standards regarding the characteristics of standards and standardization as well as the justifications for intellectual property. It analyses the applicability of trademark, copyright and patent law to both already existing as well as developing standards. In particular, the concepts of genericness and descriptiveness in trademark law, the merger and scenes a faire doctrines in copyright law and the doctrines of patent misuse and patent abuse in patent law are discussed.

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28

Bhattacharya, Raja. "Intellectual property rights in outer space." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78203.

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Private entities, investing billions of dollars, as a matter of reasonable commercial corporate expectations, want to be protected against undue use, exploitation and copying of their technology and inventions which they have put into their space ventures (often termed as 'theft') by any third party. States, to secure an environment friendly to such generation, use and transfer of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in outer space, have initiated applying and/or extending their national IP laws into outer space either in form of a statute or a multilateral agreement. This may have both commercial and political significance.
This thesis deals with IP issues in international perspective (with reference, however, to some leading national IP legislation when and where it is necessary) with special reference to the contemporary legal regime governing outer space. While emphasizing the existing legal regime relating to IPRs in outer space, it explores the possibility of commercial exploitation of IPRs made in space and on ground through the existing international trade system. The increasing importance of cooperation between the World Intellectual Property Organization and World Trade Organization in this regard is also examined, against the back drop of space activities and the outer space legal regime relating to IPRs. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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29

Fonseca, Da Silva Antonio Carlos. "Limiting intellectual property : the competition interface." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1997. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1693.

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This is a study of legal limits of the exercise of intellectual property, with emphasis on chip designs. In Part One, the focus is on the economics of innovation dynamics and the nature of the social bargain underlying intellectual property. It analyses the function of intellectual property and the structure of protection of chip designs under the US chip law, the IPIC Treaty and the Agreement on TRIPS. It suggests that while protection of intellectual property is designed to promote technical innovation and enhance competition in the public favour, the innovation process is carried out in conditions of increasingly imperfect competition. On these grounds, a point is made to limit the exercise of proprietary rights in the welfare/efficiency perspective. Part Two addresses the treatment of legal limitations. An analysis is made concerning the evolution of the safeguarding provisions on which unauthorised use of copyright and patent in the British legal system relies. These safeguards, structured within the intellectual property law, have gradually been developed to also rely on a resurgent competition legislation, which has been considerably used by OECD countries to order the exercise of proprietary rights. The ability of modem competition law to induce an intellectual property order, and the features of the adjudicatory process of non-voluntary licences over UK patents are also examined. From the findings the emergence of; namely, a safeguarding policy is identified. The conceptualisation of this institutional policy, aiming at efficiency and welfare objectives related to the exercise of proprietary rights, is a central theme. It shows that safeguarding provisions intrinsic to intellectual property law is insufficient to pursue these objectives, and holds that to protect intellectual property without an effective control of anti-competitive practices is a distorting and unsustainable legal policy.

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30

Pamp, Caroline. "Intellectual property in science /." Stockholm : Jure Förlag, 2010. http://www.hgu.gu.se/Files/fakultetskansli/abstract/Spikblad%20Caroline_Pamp.pdf.

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31

Azmi, Ida Madieha Bt Abdul Ghani. "Intellectual property laws and Islam in Malaysia." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1418.

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This study is undertaken on the premise that Islam and Islamic law is to be taken into serious consideration in any future legislative reform of laws in Malaysia. Islam being the religion of the country and the strong religious sentiment of the Muslims (who form the majority in Malaysia) cannot be overlooked or dismissed lightly by the legislators in Malaysia. Reformation of intellectual property laws is timely, as we are now approaching to the dateline set by GATF-Trips agreement which aim is to improve our standard of intellectual property protection. This study seeks to analyze and evaluate the current legislation pertaining to intellectual property in Malaysia in terms of the philosophy and rules governing the existence, ownership and exercise of these rights and their consistency and inconsistency with Islam and Islamic law. The main objective of this study is to prove that a coherent and logical conceptual framework of ownership of intellectual property can be derived from an Islamic perspective which not only offers the basis of rights but also defines the scope of these rights. From the point of ownership of rights, support can be obtained from the normative framework of property rights within the traditional classification of 'mal' (property) and 'haqq al-milkiyyah' (ownership rights) under Islamic law. From the point of exercise of rights, the exact scope can be defined from the analysis of fundamental concepts which have been developed by Muslim jurists. It has been established that Islam and Islamic law offers a sound and systematic paradigm, which in deeper analysis, can satisfy both our current obligations under international treatises, as well as our responsibility to practise our religion to the fullest.

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32

Johnson, Phillip Michael. "Private international law, intellectual property and the Internet." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2005. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1829.

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Intellectual property is a territorial right; yet despite this there are a number of international treaties mandating standards. Historically, this has allowed private international law and intellectual Property to ignore each other. With the advent of the Internet this benign neglect has not only ended, but there has been a flood of new ideas on reconciling the territoriality of intellectual property with the global nature of the Internet. These new approaches attempt to deal with the problems associated with international intellectual property litigation - the uncertainty of which law applies, multiplicity of claims andforum shopping - each of which increases the cost for both users and proprietors of intellectual property. This thesis examines these approaches, using wealth maximisation and economic efficiency, and determines that none of themfits within the constructs of an efficient solution. However, the proposalfor a single applicable law, enabling consolidation, is seized upon as efficient. It then follows that the principle of consensual exchange, enabling private parties to agree which court has jurisdiction and which law applies (rather than States mandating these matters), is the efficient solution to the selection problem. This consensual exchange proposal contains two paradigms - the bilateral and the unilateral - which in turn are broken down into ten propositions. The bilateral paradigm permits parties to select not only the jurisdiction to adjudicate the dispute, but also the universal applicable law. The unilateral Paradigm uses the doctrine actor sequitur forum rei, with the universal applicable law being selected ex ante by the proprietor. Finally the propositions are placed within the context of international, regional and domestic law (of the four target jurisdictions: England and Wales, the United States, France and Germany) and questions of compatibility are assessed.

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33

Hackett, Petal Jean. "Essays on intellectual property rights policy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7934.

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This dissertation will take a theoretical approach to analyzing certain challenges in the design of intellectual property rights (`IPR') policy. The first essay looks the advisability of introducing IPR into a market which is currently only very lightly protected - the US fashion industry. The proposed Innovative Design Protection and Piracy Prevention Act is intended to introduce EU standards into the US. Using a sequential, 2-firm, vertical differentiation framework, I analyze the effects of protection on investment in innovative designs by high-quality (`designer') and lower-quality (`mass-market') firms when the mass-marketer may opt to imitate, consumers prefer trendsetting designs and firms compete in prices. I show that design protection, by transforming mass-marketers from imitators to innovators, may reduce both designer pro ts and welfare. The model provides possible explanations for the dearth of EU case law and the increase in designer/mass-marketer collaborations. The second essay contributes to the literature on patent design and fee shifting, contrasting the effects of the American (or `each party pays') rule and English (or `losing party pays') rule of legal cost allocation on optimal patent breadth when innovation is sequential and firms are differentiated duopolists. I show that if litigation spending is endogenous, the American rule may induce broader patents and a higher probability of infringement than the English rule if R&D costs are sufficiently low. If, however, R&D costs are moderate, the ranking is reversed and it is the English rule that leads to broader patents. Neither rule supports lower patent breadth than the other over the entire parameter space. As such, any attempts to reform the US patent system by narrowing patents must carefully weigh the impact on firms' legal spending decisions if policymakers do not wish to adversely affect investment incentives. The third and final essay analyzes the effects of corporate structure on licensing behaviour. Policymakers and legal scholars are concerned about the potential for an Anticommons, an underuse of early stage research tools to produce complex final products, typically arising from either blocking or stacking. I use a simple, one-period differentiated duopoly model to show that if patentees have flexibility in corporate structure, Anticommons problems are greatly reduced. The model suggests that if the patentee owns the single (or single set) of essential IPR and goods are of symmetric quality, Anticommons issues may be entirely eliminated, as the patentee will always license, simply shifting its corporate structure depending on the identity of the downstream competitor. If the rival produces a more valuable good, Anticommons problems are reduced. Further, if the patentee holds 1 of 2 essential patents, the ability to shift its corporate structure may reduce total licensing costs to rival firms. However the analysis offers a cautionary note: while spin-offs by the patentee help to sustain downstream competition, they may restrict market output, and therefore welfare. Thus the inefficiency in the patent system may be in the opposite direction than is currently thought - there may be too much technology transfer, rather than too little.

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34

Ang, Steven. "The moral dimensions of intellectual property rights." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9008.

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The Moral Dimensions of Intellectual Property Rights explores the various aspects of IPRs in which moral evaluation and claims play a role. According to R M Hare, moral concepts and reasoning are characterized by the universalization of prescriptions. Universalization links the various dimensions in a way that rationally forces us to revise the moral basis of the various claims we make for, about and of IPRs, and ultimately provides grounds for their reform. The method of reflective equilibrium is focused in the first place on Hare’s meta- ethics, to derive a reformulation which is herein called fundamental prescriptivism. This requires a foundational set of moral principles to work. Our expectation that moral principles and values must serve to guide us, and resolve conflict between us, with objective rational force, provides the basis for adopting such a set of fundamental prescriptions. These sum up in the equal right to freedom and well- being as the ultimate basis for moral evaluation of our institutions. An implication of this right is that property in IPR systems must be balanced with participation rights (moral and legal) of the public to a public domain which allows individuals to have access to, and use, objects of intellectual property. When, in seeking reflective equilibrium, this is applied to the various aspects of IPRs, the result is an exploration of the inter-connectedness of following: justification of IPRs based on this equal right to freedom and well-being; explanation of the function of, and justification for, the presence of moral concepts and terms in national and international IPR rules; the commitments implied by use of these moral ideas for our obligations in respect of the way we enjoy, exploit and enforce our IPRs, and, ultimately, our duty to reform of IPRs in ways that respects the participation rights implied by this principle.

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35

Chung, Shang-pei. "Patents as property in Taiwanese jurisprudence : rebuilding a property model for patents." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8381.

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The reconciliation of patents within the Taiwanese Law of Things has received negligible attention from legal scholars. The primary reason for this is the hesitation, by courts and scholars alike, to construct a new property paradigm, referring instead to treat patents under the existing rules on physical things. This dominating stance has had an impact on the manner in which Taiwanese courts adjudicate on the nature of patents, and dealings therewith. The aim of the thesis is to show that this stance is theoretically illogical. The underlying issue is the different classification of patents within the civil and common law systems. The study employs a historical and comparative law methodology in order to inform an intra-law solution to the problem of how to overcome the classification dilemma. It does this by critically analysing the evolution of patent categorisation as personal property in common law and, by employing this foundation, seeks to distinguish the substantial differences in the concept of property between the common and civil law traditions. In light of these differences, and to establish a consolidated way of reconciling patents into the current Taiwanese legal framework, the thesis further analyses the similarity of the property notion under English common law and Taiwanese customary law, both of which are shaped by exclusion rules. The hypothesis is that ownership of land within these two systems, in similar with that of patents, was not an absolute and outright ownership of land governed by inclusion rules, but was instead a freehold which granted intangible rights that could be divided by the duration of the holding. It is suggested that a theoretically more coherent property model can be achieved by adopting this approach, and analogising patents to the tenure systems that existed within both English common law and Taiwanese customary law. To this end, the thesis proposes to contextually rebuild the property model for patents within Taiwanese law by the insertion of five new reform clauses into the Patent Act and the Civil Code.

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36

Owens-, Richards Marilee. "The collateralisation and securitisation of intellectual property." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/24716.

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Intellectual Property (IP) is becoming an increasingly important source of collateral in debt-based financial transactions. This thesis will show that IP and financing are intrinsically linked. They both can be used to drive company growth. When the two interact a virtuous growth spiral can form. It will be shown that IP can be used to obtain financing which allows for company growth and the creation of more IP rights. The new IP rights then allow the IP owner to obtain more financing. The pattern of growth can continue in this pattern. However, due to the legal complications the formation of such a growth spiral is hindered. The thesis examines how security interests in intellectual property right are treated in secured finance law and IP law in the US and the UK. It will show that there is a conflict between laws particularly in the perfection and priority of such security interests. The conflict between the two sources of law makes it difficult to determine where a security interest must be registered in order to be perfected. The conflict also creates conflicting registers for such interests. Due to conflicting registration provisions it is also difficult to determine the priority of conflicting security interests in an IP right. Additionally, IP laws are often inadequate for determining issues on perfection and priority. The thesis will offer suggestion on legal reforms which will best alleviate the legal problems of taking security in an IP right.

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37

Anderson, Jane Elizabeth Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "The production of indigenous knowledge in intellectual property law." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20491.

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The thesis is an exploration of how indigenous knowledge has emerged as a subject within Australian intellectual property law. It uses the context of copyright law to illustrate this development. The work presents an analysis of the political, social and cultural intersections that influence legal possibilities and effect practical expectations of the law in this area. The dilemma of protecting indigenous knowledge resonates with tensions that characterise intellectual property as a whole. The metaphysical dimensions of intellectual property have always been insecure but these difficulties come to the fore with the identification of boundaries and markers that establish property in indigenous subject matter. While intellectual property law is always managing difference, the politics of law are more transparent when managing indigenous concerns. Rather than assume the naturalness of the category of indigenous knowledge within law, this work interrogates the politics of its construction precisely as a ???special??? category. Employing a multidisciplinary methodology, engaging theories of governmental rationality that draws upon the scholarship of Michel Foucault to appreciate strategies of managing and directing knowledge, the thesis considers how the politics of law is infused by cultural, political, bureaucratic and individual factors. Key elements in Australia that have pushed the law to consider expressions of indigenous knowledge in intellectual property can be located in changing political environments, governmental intervention through strategic reports, cultural sensitivity articulated in case law and innovative instances of individual agency. The intersection of these elements reveals a dynamic that exerts influence in the shape the law takes.

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Tassano, Velaochaga Hebert Eduardo. "The convergence between competition law and intellectual property rights." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116244.

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Indecopi has within its functions the defense of free competition and the protection of intellectual property. This institutional design has the advantage of being able to see more clearly what are the points of convergence between the two subject-matter, harmonize them and achieve the goals they have in common. Within this convergence, there are sensitive issues as the granting of compulsory licenses. In this work, we highlight that compulsory licenses are exceptional measures and, to consider its granting, the State must have a procedure that provides confidence and predictability to citizens and clear definitions of what is meant by public interest, emergency and national security. Finally, it is proposed that the granting of compulsory licenses should be justified by a cost benefit analysis showing that is the best choice.
El Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual (IndecopI) tiene entre sus funciones tanto la defensa de la libre competencia como la protección de la propiedad intelectual. Este diseño institucional tiene la ventaja de permitir apreciar con mayor claridad cuáles son los puntos de convergencia entre ambas materias, armonizarlos y conseguir los objetivos que tienen en común. Dentro de esta convergencia, existen temas sensibles, como el otorgamiento de licencias obligatorias, por lo que en el presente trabajo se destaca su carácter de medida excepcional y se plantea que, para considerar su otorgamiento, el Estado debe contar con un procedimiento que brinde confianza y predictibilidad a la ciudadanía y con definiciones claras sobre qué debemos entender por interés público, emergencia y seguridad nacional. Finalmente, se propone que su otorgamiento tenga justificación en un análisis costo beneficio que arroje como resultado que, en efecto, era la opción más adecuada.

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39

Bornhäusser, Matthias. "The relation between intellectual property law and competition law using the example of standard essential patents." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9219.

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Includes bibliographical references
The aim of this thesis is to take a closer look at the interesting relationship between patent rights and competition law. The focus will be set on European and German law. The reason for it is that the European courts already started to deal with the relation between intellectual property and competition law decades ago and have assumed a leading role in handling the anticompetitive exercise of intellectual property rights. Apart of the European focus the legal situation in South Africa will be elicited as well and, as far as possible, analysed against the background of the European situation.

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40

Nasir, Saeed. "The evolution of global intellectual property instruments into trade related intellectual property rights (TRIPS) and its ineffectiev enforcement in the developed world a case study : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment [sic] of the requirements of the degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil), 2008." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/673.

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41

Kenneally, Michael Edward. "Intellectual Property Rights and Institutions: A Pluralist Account." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11509.

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Debates over intellectual property's justifications tend to treat natural rights and utilitarian accounts as competitors, but they should be seen as complements instead. Lockean and Kantian theories of intellectual property highlight the strong interests that intellectual property creators have in profiting from and exercising some degree of control over their work, but neither theory gives sufficient justification for the full assortment of rights that intellectual property owners have under current law. Utilitarian accounts provide an essential supplement to these natural rights theories by focusing on society's interests in the production of useful information and creative expression, but that does not mean intellectual property law should single-mindedly strive only to maximize social welfare. Developing both natural rights-based and utilitarian justifications, this dissertation advances a pluralist account of intellectual property that understands different features of copyright, patent, and trademark law to be serving different normative interests.
Philosophy

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42

Hickey, Julian James Bernard. "The taxation of intellectual property and commercially valuable knowledge." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312820.

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Delicostopoulou, A. "Intellectual property rights as a barrier to world trade." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286577.

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44

Bouvet, Isabelle. "Certain aspects of intellectual property rights in outer space." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq64265.pdf.

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Divaris, D. E. "Invention as commodity : Intellectual property and free trade." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383126.

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Falcone, Bruno. "Propriedade industrial e defesa da concorrência: experiências estrangeira e brasileira e análise principiológica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5794.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Falcone.pdf: 2322508 bytes, checksum: aa7fd42a85ac89e83485953407c2ac71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-26
In the era of knowledge, by triggering a real technology race by the various economic agents, the industrial property, more than an exclusive right, consists in a powerful instrument of competition. Unfortunately, such a facet of industrial property has never been exploited and disseminated either by the local legal community or national companies. The first one preferred to adopt a position characterized by a strong social appeal (not always technically grounded) and the second ones did not do so because they simply lacked a culture of protection of their intangible assets. A simplistic and perfunctory judgment of the matter may suggest that industrial property and competition law are two areas of Law completely antagonistic and irreconcilable with each other. Such a construction could jeopardize the legal safety that economic agents need to invest in scientific development and technology research. This study therefore aims at examining, in a scientific fashion, the relationship between industrial property law and competition law. First and foremost, an assessment of both foreign and Brazilian experiences will be conducted as a preparatory field for a principiologic analysis of both areas of Law. Once the relevant principles are identified in both foreign and Brazilian experiences according to the deductive method, it will be investigated which principles are either coincident or harmonic and the theoretical formulation of Robert Alexy will be applied to cases of conflict, in order to demonstrate that the relationship between both legal areas is actually harmonic and complementary
entre os vários agentes econômicos, a propriedade industrial, antes de um direito de exclusiva, consiste num poderoso instrumento de concorrência. Esta faceta da propriedade industrial infelizmente não foi, até o momento, explorada e difundida tanto entre a comunidade jurídica local quanto pelo empresariado brasileiro. A primeira preferiu um discurso pautado em forte apelo social (e nem sempre tecnicamente fundamentado); e o segundo não o fez simplesmente porque lhe faltava a cultura da proteção de seu capital imaterial. Uma análise simplista e perfunctória da questão poderia levar ao entendimento de que a propriedade industrial e o direito da concorrência seriam duas áreas da ciência jurídica completamente antagônicas e inconciliáveis, interpretação esta que poderia colocar em risco a segurança jurídica de que os agentes econômicos necessitam para investir em desenvolvimento científico e pesquisa tecnológica. O objetivo do presente estudo consiste, pois, em discorrer, de forma científica, sobre as relações entre direito de propriedade industrial e defesa da concorrência. Proceder-se-á, por primeiro, a um estudo da experiência estrangeira e brasileira como campo preparatório para a análise principiológica. Uma vez identificados os princípios atinentes aos dois campos do direito, extraídos da experiência estrangeira e brasileira segundo método dedutivo, investigar-se-ão quais são coincidentes ou harmônicos e aplicar-se-á a formulação teórica de Robert Alexy aos casos de colisão, a fim de demonstrar que a relação existente entre ambos é, em verdade, de harmonia e complementaridade

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47

Christie, Andrew Frederick. "Intellectual property protection for the design of integrated circuits." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385373.

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48

Davis, Tara M. "International intellectual property rights : effectiveness of incentives for enforcement." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1390656.

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In this technological age the distribution of information happens faster and easier than ever before. This ease of transfer of information brings challenges for international intellectual property rights protection. It addresses reasons governments work to increase enforcement and reasons governments do not comply with enforcement protocols. It assesses the pressure international agreements and incentives exert on governments to produce compliance. This paper evaluates 76 countries in three non-consecutive years on their level of enforcement. It includes a discussion of contributing factors to government choice in interaction and enforcement. The question of enforcement incentives is addressed both across time and across countries.
Department of Political Science

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Kellerman, Mikhalien. "The Constitutional Property Clause and Immaterial Property Interests." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6536.

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Thesis (LLD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The question that this dissertation addresses is which immaterial property interests may be recognised and protected under the constitutional property clause and if so, under which circumstances. The question originated in the First Certification case 1 where the court held that the constitutional property clause is wide enough to include property interests that require protection according to international norms. The traditional immaterial property interests or intellectual property rights (patents, copyright, designs and trademarks) are protected as property in private law on a sui generis basis. Since it is generally accepted that the property concept in constitutional law includes at least property rights protected in private law, it is relatively unproblematic to include intellectual property rights under the constitutional property clause. In Laugh It Off v SAB International,2 the Constitutional Court explicitly balanced the right to a trademark with the right to freedom of expression, which is accepted as authority that at least trademarks may be recognised and protected as constitutional property. The other intellectual property rights may most likely be recognised and protected by analogy. Foreign law as well as international law also indicates that intellectual property should be recognised and protected as constitutional property. However, there are other, unconventional immaterial property interests that are not protected as property in private law. Some are protected in private law, but not as property; others originate in public law; and yet others are not protected yet at all. In terms of the Constitution, South African courts may consider foreign law, but must consider international law. This dissertation determines when these interests may be protected as constitutional property by reference to foreign cases from German, American, Australian and Irish law; regional international law, namely European Union cases; and international law. The conclusion is that unconventional immaterial property interests may generally be protected if they are vested and acquired in terms of normal law, have patrimonial value and serve the general purpose of constitutional property protection. Property theories are also useful to determine when immaterial property interests deserve constitutional protection, although other theories may be more useful for some of the unconventional interests. The German scaling approach and the balancing of competing interests is a useful approach for South African courts to help determine the appropriate level of protection for specific immaterial property interests without excluding some at the outset.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die vraag waarmee hierdie verhandeling handel is of belange in immateriële goedere erken en beskerm kan word in terme van die grondwetlike eiendomsklousule en indien wel, onder watter omstandighede. Die vraag het sy ontstaan in die First Certification saak,3 waar die Grondwetlike Hof beslis het dat die eiendomsklousule se omvang wyd genoeg is om belange in eiendom in te sluit wat volgens internasionale norme beskerming verg. Sekere regte in immateriële goedere word op ’n sui generis basis in die privaatreg beskerm, naamlik die regte in tradisionele immaterieelgoederereg kategorieë of intellektuele eiendom (patente, kopiereg, ontwerpe en handelsmerke). Dit is 'n algemene beginsel van grondwetlike eiendomsreg dat die konsep van eiendom minstens belange insluit wat as eiendom in die privaatreg beskerm word. In Laugh It Off v SAB International4 het die Grondwetlike Hof 'n handelsmerkreg opgeweeg teen die reg op vryheid van uitdrukking en hierdeur implisiet erken dat minstens handelsmerke en dalk ook ander intellektuele eindemsregte deur die eiendomsklousule erken en beskerm kan word. Buitelandse reg sowel as internasionale reg dui aan dat intellektuele eiendom grondwetlike beskerming behoort te ontvang. Buiten hierdie belange is daar ook immaterieelgoederereg belange wat nie onder eiendomsreg beskerm word in die privaatreg nie. Sommige van hierdie belange word wel in die privaatreg beskerm, maar dan onder ander areas van die reg as eiendom; ander het hul oorsprong in die publiekreg; en die res word tans glad nie beskerm nie. Die Grondwet bepaal dat howe buitelandse reg in ag kan neem en dat hulle internasionale reg moet oorweeg. Die verhandeling se vraag word beantwoord met verwysing na sake uit die Duitse, Amerikaanse, Australiese en Ierse grondwetlike reg; streeks-internasionale reg van die Europese Unie; en internasionale reg. Die onkonvensionele immaterieelgoederereg belange kan oor die algemeen beskerm word as eiendom indien daar 'n gevestigde reg is, die reg in terme van gewone reg verkry is en die belang die algemene oogmerke van die grondwetlike klousule bevorder. Die teorieë oor die beskerming van eiendom is van nut om te bepaal watter belange beskerm kan word, alhoewel sekere onkonvensionele belange beter geregverdig kan word deur ander tipes teorieë. Die Duitse metode om belange op te weeg kan van besonderse nut wees vir Suid Afrikaanse howe om te bepaal watter vlak van beskerming spesifieke belange in immaterieelgoedere behoort te geniet.

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50

Su, Yii-Der. "Les litiges en matière de marque : contribution à une étude de droit comparé entre la France, la Chine continentale et Taïwan." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA029.

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Le droit de la propriété intellectuelle a connu d’importants développements dans le sillage de la révolution technologique et du phénomène de la globalisation. Le droit de marque confère un monopole au profit de son titulaire, qui lui permet d’établir des liens avec les consommateurs, à travers les produits et les services qui sont revêtus du signe protégé : des liens juridiques et des liens commerciaux par l’effet de la communication, de la publicité, de la transmission de l’image de l’entreprise que celui-ci véhicule. Toutefois, les prérogatives attachées au droit de marque rencontrent des limites inhérentes à tout monopole, à savoir le respect de l’intérêt général, fil un conducteur qui gouverne la procédure d’enregistrement de la marque, au-delà, son maintien en vigueur et la détermination des frontières qui séparent ce qui est permis de ce qui est interdit. S’agissant de s’interroger sur les procédures de règlement des litiges, à l’aune de leur comparaison, entre trois systèmes de cultures juridiques très différentes, à savoir la France « berceau » du droit continental et, du droit administratif d’une part, et, d’autre part, deux entités de tradition juridique divergente - la Chine continentale et Taïwan - , on peut relever un renforcement du pouvoir administratif et en même temps, un mouvement d’harmonisation des règles du contentieux. Le renforcement du pouvoir administratif se manifeste à travers l’extension des compétences en matière de droits de propriété intellectuelle. Ainsi, en Chine continentale, les autorités administratives locales peuvent appliquer les lois administratives pour régler avec célérité les litiges de propriété intellectuelle. En France, le renforcement du pouvoir administratif s’exprime avec la transposition future de la directive de 2015 sur l’harmonisation du droit des marques dans l’Union européenne, qui attribue compétence à l’INPI en matière de déchéance et de nullité des marques, au premier degré. L’harmonisation du droit des marques se révèle avec le renforcement du mécanisme de la retenue en douane en Chine continentale et à Taïwan et, par ailleurs, avec l’instauration de juridictions spécialisées, le législateur taïwanais étant le premier entre les trois systèmes juridiques, à créer une Cour en propriété intellectuelle en 2007
There continues to be significant developments in intellectual property law in the wake of the technological revolution and the globalization phenomenon. This thesis seeks to analyze procedures for settling disputes by comparing three decidedly different judicial systems: France (the « cradle » of Civil law legal system) on the one hand, contrasted with two entities of diverging judicial traditions, namely Mainland China and Taiwan. We will take up two trends in particular: a strengthening of administrative power and at the same time a movement toward harmonizing settlement procedures.The strengthening of administrative power is evidenced by its “specialization” and extension of its competence in the area of intellectual property rights. Thus, in Mainland China local administrative authorities can enforce administrative laws to expediently deal with intellectual property disputes. In France, on the other hand, the growth of administrative power can be seen in the transposing of the 2015 future directive regarding the harmonization of trademarks within the European Union, which attributed competence to the INPI for the first degree examination in the revocation and invalidity procedures.The harmonization of trademarks is also visible in the introduction of a reinforced “customs seizure” mechanism in Mainland China and Taiwan. Furthermore, with the establishment of specialized courts, the Taiwanese legislature became the first of the three justice systems to create an intellectual property court in 2007

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'LAW / Intellectual Property / Trademark'

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