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Journal articles on the topic 'Law – Middle East – Sources'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Papi, Ramin, Sara Attarchi, Ali Darvishi Boloorani, and Najmeh Neysani Samany. "Characterization of Hydrologic Sand and Dust Storm Sources in the Middle East." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (2022): 15352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215352.

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Due to diverse hydroclimatic conditions and human interventions, the Middle East hosts a variety of active sources of sand and dust storms (SDS). Discrimination of different types of SDS sources is the most important factor for adopting optimal mitigation measures to combat SDS. This study employed a binary mask-based modeling framework to identify Middle East SDS sources. Accordingly, using time series of remotely sensed data of land surface and atmospheric aerosol parameters, SDS sources covering an area of 1 million Km2 were identified with an overall accuracy of 82.6%. Considering the type

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Badawy, Tarek. "The General Principles of Islamic Law as the Law Governing Investment Disputes in the Middle East." Journal of International Arbitration 29, Issue 3 (2012): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2012016.

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The recent collapse of certain Arab regimes and the subsequent rise to power of Islamic parties that call for the general application of Islamic law (sharia) will certainly generate debates about the compatibility of sharia with modern principles of justice. The uncertainty surrounding the seriousness of these politicians' calls and the general lack of knowledge about sharia among western lawyers and investors increase the worries of foreign companies regarding their projects in the Middle East. This article provides its readers with information about the principles of contract law under shari

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Painter, Kenneth. "The Traprain Law Treasure and ‘Irish Pirates’." Antiquaries Journal 92 (July 5, 2012): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581512000121.

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The treasure of Roman Hacksilber from Traprain Law, a massive hill fort east of Edinburgh, has been interpreted since its publication in 1923 by Alexander Curle as an illustration of the last days of Roman Britain, and as having been broken up by Irish pirates or raiders in or about ad 405. The attribution resulted from an attempt to link historical or semi-historical sources, in particular about the Irish hero Niall of the Nine Hostages and St Patrick, with an archaeological discovery. Modern scholarship, however, has shown that Niall and St Patrick are to be dated to the middle or late fifth

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Shakhatreh, Hisham. "COMPARISON OF COMMERCIAL DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS IN JORDAN AND THE MIDDLE EAST." Public Administration and Law Review, no. 2(18) (June 30, 2024): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36690/2674-5216-2024-2-51-66.

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This article provides a comprehensive comparison of commercial dispute resolution mechanisms across Jordan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Egypt. With the increasing globalization of business and the growth of foreign investments in the Middle East, an effective and efficient legal framework for dispute resolution is critical. The primary goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive comparative analysis of commercial dispute resolution mechanisms in Jordan and key Middle Eastern countries, with the aim of understanding their impact on the business climate and investor co

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Ahmed, Faiz. "Courts and Constitutions in South Asia and the Global South: A View from the Middle East." Law and History Review 41, no. 2 (2023): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073824802200058x.

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AbstractNot long ago, the study of comparative law in U.S. law schools was dominated by North American and European constitutional systems. Thanks to the contributions of a new generation of legal historians, including those canvassed in this special issue, the landscape is changing. In this special issue, scholars of courts and constitutions in twentieth century Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burma, India, and Nepal have come together to share novel sources, perspectives, and analyses of significant constitutional experiments in the Global South, specifically twentieth century South Asia. This afte

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Peerenboom, Randall. "China and the Revolutions in the Middle East and North Africa." Middle East Law and Governance 3, no. 1-2 (2011): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633711x591549.

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The 2011 revolutions in the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) led to considerable hope for some people that China would experience a similar political uprising, as well as considerable anxiety for the ruling regime. The government’s immediate response was to downplay the risk of a similar event occurring in China by distinguishing between China and MENA, while at the same time cracking down on activists and other potential sources of instability—including attempts to organize popular revolutionary protests in China. Although the government has so far managed to avoid a similar uprising, n

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Kadarudin, Kadarudin. "PORTRAITS IN INDONESIA: INTERNATIONAL REFUGEES FACE UNCERTAIN FUTURE (A STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW)." Veritas et Justitia 4, no. 1 (2018): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25123/vej.2920.

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This paper discusses the issue of refugees from an international law perspective. It is known that Indonesia is not a party to either the 151 Refugee Convention as well as the 1967 Protocol, but mostly as transit country house a number of refugees running away from conflict areas in Myanmar, the Middle East and Afghanistan. This legal research employs a juridical normative method. By tracking down and analyzing all relevant legal sources it is revealed that Indonesia’s treatment of refuges is based on the general obligation to protect and honor human rights (on the basis of international minim

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Iannario, Eleonora. "Shaping Citizenship in a Globalized World." McGill GLSA Research Series 2, no. 1 (2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/glsars.v2i1.181.

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Citizenship and membership in a nation state may constitute a significant element of identity. Every society looks for the legitimacy of the principles governing it within its own origins. Therefore, cultural diversity is synonymous with juridical and ethical difference, which can range from the recognition of several sources of legitimacy of law to a different relationship between these sources. In the legal sphere, each society’s constant pursuit of its own origins has its greatest expression in the rules of citizenship chosen. For example, the provision of citizenship tests within the EU Me

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OMRAN, Hossein. "Transformation of Ukraine’s trade relations in the Middle East and Africa." Foreign trade: economics, finance, law 122, no. 3 (2022): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2022(122)10.

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Introduction. On February 24, 2022, the territory of Ukraine was attacked by the Russian Federation, and for the fourth month the country’s economy has been under the destructive influence of this aggression. Problem. At the stage of post-war reconstruction, which begins in various regions of Ukraine as soon as active hostilities cease, it will be important to restore the stable functioning of Ukrainian industries and return to international markets of major domestic exporters. Increasing the effectiveness of foreign trade is one of the main sources of financial resources to fill the budgets

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Badar, Mohamed, Masaki Nagata, and Tiphanie Tueni. "The Radical Application of the Islamist Concept of Takfir." Arab Law Quarterly 31, no. 2 (2017): 134–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-31020044.

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The ideology and actions of certain militant groups in the Middle East are often condemned as a perversion of Islamic precepts. In order to achieve a theologically ideal society, these groups espouse takfirism, a minority ideology that endorses violence, and in particular advocates the killing of other Muslims who are declared to be unbelievers. These groups justify their words and deeds with direct quotations from the Qur’an and the Sunna, which are the sources of Islamic law (Shari‘a), as well as by citing historical precedents such as the Khawarij movement and Ibn Taymiyya’s fatawa. This ar

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Tsiouri, Vasiliki, Konstantinos E. Kakosimos, and Prashant Kumar. "Concentrations, sources and exposure risks associated with particulate matter in the Middle East Area—a review." Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 8, no. 1 (2014): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-014-0277-4.

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12

Dannies, Kate, and Stefan Hock. "A Prolonged Abrogation? The Capitulations, the 1917 Law of Family Rights, and the Ottoman Quest for Sovereignty during World War 1." International Journal of Middle East Studies 52, no. 2 (2020): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074382000001x.

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AbstractThe 1917 promulgation of a new Ottoman family law is recognized as a landmark moment in the history of Islamic law by scholars of women and gender in the Middle East. Yet the significance of the 1917 law in the struggle over religious jurisdiction, political power, and Ottoman sovereignty has been overlooked in the scholarship on both Ottoman legal reform and World War 1. Drawing on Ottoman Turkish, German, French, and English sources linking internal interpretations of the law and external reactions to its passage, we reinterpret adoption of the family law as a key moment in the geopo

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Vasilyeva, Irina N., Tatyana P. Rebrova, and Olga V. Li. "Directions of scientific cooperation and peculiarities of cultural exchange between Russia and the countries of the Middle East and the Mediterranean based on the materials of modern analytics." SCIENCE SPACE 1, no. 4 (2024): 736–50. https://doi.org/10.33873/3034-4379.2024.1-4.736-750.

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Russia has to participate in the struggle for cultural influence, which is escalating all over the world, and promote its values and ideas. In this context, the relevance and importance of cultural and humanitarian cooperation with the countries of the Middle East and the Mediterranean is increasing. The article identifies key problems and makes recommendations for improving this cooperation. Methods. The key directions and nature of scientific and technological promising research projects in the states of the Middle East and the Mediterranean are identified based on the study of the database

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DUGARD, JOHN. "The Future of International Law: A Human Rights Perspective – With Some Comments on the Leiden School of International Law." Leiden Journal of International Law 20, no. 4 (2007): 729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156507004396.

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In the past fifty years there have been changes in relation to the nature and sources of international law. Academic lawyers have welcomed these changes, which show a movement away from strict consent as the basis of international law. States and government law advisers have adopted a more conservative approach and emphasize the importance of consent as a basis for international law. Different approaches are apparent in the practice of the Human Rights Council. The Council has focused on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, much to the annoyance of Western states. The developing world sees the

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Ghazali, Bello Abubakar. "Islamisation And Democratic Transition In The Post- Revolution Egypt." International Journal of Social Sciences and Economic Review 1, no. 1 (2019): 29–34. https://doi.org/10.9116/ijsser.2019.1.1.05.

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<strong>Purpose of the study:</strong>Centrally, this article aims at exploring the effects of the convulsion toward Egyptian domestic politics and democratic transition. However, it tries to examine whether the spring was for a political freedom or a merely evasive move to saddle brotherhood on governorship. <strong>Methodology:</strong>Qualitative data analysis is the approach applied while carrying out this study. Various books, journals and research reports on Egyptian as well as Middle Eastern politics were consulted as sources of information. Current political events in Egypt and other n

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Novikova, Ramilya G. "ISLAM AND GENETICS: RELIGIOUS, ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES." RUDN Journal of Law 23, no. 4 (2019): 565–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2019-23-4-565-585.

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The rapid development and achievements of science and technology provides people to improve their lives. Over the past 10 years, genetic researches have grown significantly. Today they are the subject of debate not only by doctors, lawyers, but also theologians. Currently, legislation of countries in Middle East regulates genomics and genetic research differently. Countries are having orient towards religion and therefore pay more attention in these countries to the ethical regulators of Islam besides only legal regulation of genomics (humans, animals, plants, i.e. all living things). Ethical

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Zhang, Jide, Mushtaq Ahmad, Tufail Muhammad, Furqan Syed, Xu Hong, and Muhmmad Khan. "The Impact of the Financial Industry and Globalization on Environmental Quality." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (2023): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021705.

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of financial development, globalization, and pollution in six MENA countries from 1971 to 2015. Many prior studies empirically explored numerous factors determining environmental quality/pollution across the world. As far as the region of North Africa and the Middle East is concerned, the majority of previous studies ignored the combined role of globalization and financial development in predicting environmental quality using carbon emissions (CO2). Furthermore, we aimed to assess the legitimacy of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) t

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Herdiansyah, Sri Hidayanti, and Muannif Ridwan. "Ijtihad Kontemporer Perspektif Yusuf Al-Qardhawi." Jurnal Indragiri Penelitian Multidisiplin 2, no. 2 (2022): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.58707/jipm.v2i2.212.

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This paper examines the contemporary ijtihad methodology from the perspective of a well-known Islamic law expert from the Middle East, Yusuf Al-Qardhawi through his writing entitled Al-Ijtihad fi al-Shari'at al-Islamiah ma'a Nazharat Tahliliyah fi al-Ijtihadi al-Mu. 'ashir (Ijtihad in Islamic Shari'ah: Focus on Contemporary Ijtihad Analysis). The research method used in this paper is a literature review method by directly referring to primary sources with direct analysis of the books written above as well as studies or opinions of other figures regarding the book. In this study it was found th

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Szunomár, Ágnes, and Tamás Peragovics. "The Chinese model of development: A special East-Asian path of development for avoiding the middle-income trap?" Intersections 8, no. 3 (2022): 169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v8i3.929.

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Over the past couple of years, China has made formidable efforts to shift to new sources of economic growth, modernise the structure of its economy, accumulate human capital, and boost local innovation in order to graduate to a high-income economy. However, the pace of growth has slowed down in the past few years, entailing the risk of the country being stuck in a so-called middle-income trap (MIT). This paper reviews China's chance of avoiding the MIT by analysing four groups of factors – three quantitative and one qualitative – and using Japanese and South Korean development as reference poi

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Zaitseva, Daryna, Kerry Cheesma, and Sara Fathala. "Accuracy of Gluten-Free Food Labeling in Europe and the Middle East Compared to the United States." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac071.006.

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Abstract Objectives Gluten is a protein complex found in wheat, barley, and rye, as well as a few foods that do not contain these grains. It is important for those with gluten intolerance, especially with Celiac disease, to avoid gluten cross-contamination and be skeptical of the gluten levels in food products advertised as “gluten-free”. Previous work in this lab has shown that roughly 32% of labeled “gluten-free” products in the United States (n = 223) have more gluten in them than is allowed by law (68% were properly labeled). The current study was designed to investigate the reliability of

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Polat, Oğuz, and Zeynep Reva. "LEGAL DIMENSION OF CHILD MARRIAGES IN TURKEY: COMPARED WITH THE EASTERN EUROPE AND MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 4 (2020): 338–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i4.2019.916.

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Child marriage is defined as a marriage before the age of 18. In many countries, a significant number of girls still marry before the age of 18. The country governments and international communities are increasingly aware of the negative impacts of child marriages, but the actions to end the practice is still limited. Child marriage threatens particularly girls’ lives and health, and it limits their future prospects. Early marriages are not considered as a "problem" by the majority of the society where as it is a phenomenon that has been existing for long years in our country. It is obse

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Oğuz, Polat, and Reva Zeynep. "LEGAL DIMENSION OF CHILD MARRIAGES IN TURKEY: COMPARED WITH THE EASTERN EUROPE AND MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 7, no. 4 (2019): 338–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2667712.

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Child marriage is defined as a marriage before the age of 18. In many countries, a significant number of girls still marry before the age of 18. The country governments and international communities are increasingly aware of the negative impacts of child marriages, but the actions to end the practice is still limited. Child marriage threatens particularly girls’ lives and health, and it limits their future prospects. Early marriages are not considered as a "problem" by the majority of the society where as it is a phenomenon that has been existing for long years in our country.

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Юнусов, А. А., М. А. Юнусов, and А. Г. Ахвердян. "FROM ANCIENT NATURAL AND SOCIAL VALUES TO THE STATE-LEGAL CIVILIZATION." Теория государства и права, no. 1(21) (February 25, 2021): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47905/matgip.2021.21.1.011.

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Аннотация. Право и государственные институты существовали не все- гда. Чтобы прийти к такому цивилизационному состоянию данные ценности развивались несколько тысячелетий. Примерно семь тысяч лет тому назад возникли первые государственные формирования на Ближнем Востоке. Право приобретало свое современное качественное состояние, опираясь на обычаи, традиции, морально-этические нормы, естественно-нравственные источни- ки общества. Позже они стали координироваться и возводиться в ранг рели- гиозных канонов. После длительного эволюционного развития социочеловече- ские нормы выражались в праве, зак

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Sahner, Christian C. "Zoroastrian law and the spread of Islam in Iranian society (ninth–tenth century)." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 84, no. 1 (2021): 67–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x21000021.

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AbstractThis article explores three important Zoroastrian legal texts from the ʿAbbasid period, consisting of questions and answers to high-ranking priests. The texts contain a wellspring of information about the social history of Zoroastrianism under Islamic rule, especially the formative encounter between Zoroastrians and Muslims. These include matters such as conversion, apostasy, sexual relations with outsiders, inheritance, commerce, and the economic status of priests. The article argues that the elite clergy responsible for writing these texts used law to refashion the Zoroastrian commun

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Astourian, Stephan H. "Armenian Genocide Studies: Development as a Field, Historiographic Appraisal, and the Road Ahead." Genocide Studies International 15, no. 2 (2023): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/gsi-2023-0001.

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This essay is a survey of the field of Armenian Genocide studies, which outlines its academic development over the past sixty years and the conditions of its production. The latter refers to the state-sponsored denial of the Armenian Genocide by Turkey, and to the collusion, or at least acquiescence, of some Middle East studies scholars or organizations with such a denial. The essay assesses the state of the current historiography and the issue of access to the main relevant archival sources. Finally, it points to some of the current debates and gaps in the existing literature, and possibly to

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Dobaev, Igor, Andrei Dobaev, and Tatiana Ignatova. "CRIMINOLOGICAL FEATURES OF FINANCIAL OPERATIONS BY THE HAVALA SYSTEM." Russia and the moslem world, no. 3 (2020): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rmw/2020.03.10.

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Based on the study of numerous foreign and domestic sources, the authors of this article determine the essence of financial transactions through the hawala system. It has been revealed that this system is historically determined in nature, it was used, first of all, in the countries of the Near East, Middle East and South Asia in foreign trade operations in the framework of various directions of the so-called Silk Road. This system is also practiced in our days, however, in a slightly modified form, since globalization processes fixed in recent decades throughout the world have influenced its

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Ed.daran, Driss. "The Legality of Drone Use Under International Humanitarian Law: Theoretical Perspectives and Case Law Insights." Access to Justice in Eastern Europe 8, no. 2 (2025): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-8.3-r000101.

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Background: Modern warfare is increasingly characterised by the use of drone technology to manage and operate aerial systems for surveillance and target identification. Initially, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were primarily used for surveillance. However, their active involvement in military operations has raised significant legal questions regarding their status under International Humanitarian Law (IHL). The expanded use of drone strikes beyond conventional war zones has brought to light critical issues related to state sovereignty, the principle of distinction, and the principle of propo

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Voumik, Liton Chandra, Shohel Md. Nafi, Festus Victor Bekun, and Murat Ismet Haseki. "Modeling Energy, Education, Trade, and Tourism-Induced Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Hypothesis: Evidence from the Middle East." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (2023): 4919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15064919.

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Global warming has become the main concern in the present world. This research takes a comprehensive look at the interconnections between tourism, gross domestic product (GDP), renewable energy, fossil fuels, education, trade, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the Arab Peninsula. Including these variables, the research also checks the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis by analyzing the top 10 tourist destinations from 1997 to 2019. Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Bahrain, Oman, Lebanon, and Egypt round out the top 10 countries in Arab in terms

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I., Kukushkin. "Sintashta as a Cultural and Historical Phenomenon of the Bronze Age." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 33, no. 3 (2021): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(3).-03.

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The Sintashta culture is the most controversial ethno-cultural formation of the Bronze Age, formed in the Ural-Kazakhstan steppes. It appears suddenly and is located on the territory of the Southern Trans-Urals. Fortified settlements and burial grounds of this culture spread in a wide strip along the eastern slopes of the Ural Range. The specificity of fortified urban-type settlements, uncharacteristic for the steppe zone of Eurasia, allowed researchers to conclude that they were imported from other regions where they had been originally developed and canonized. In this regard, the most probab

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Zhou, Yongshen, Aihua Fu, and Xiaojie Zhao. "Jurassic Source Rock Characteristics and Resource Evaluation in Junggar Basin." International Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies 3, no. 1 (2024): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/ijnres.v3n1.08.

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Junggar Basin is one of the important petroliferous basins in China. Based on sedimentology, palaeogeography, geochemical characteristics, tectonic thermal evolution and other aspects, this study analyzes the characteristics and distribution law of source rocks, and predicts the total oil and gas resources of Jurassic in the basin. Middle and Lower Jurassic is the main hydrocarbon source rock strata of Jurassic, and a large set of thick coal and dark mudstone are developed on delta, shore-shallow lake and deep lake facies in the basin, among which Badaowan Formation is 200 ~ 800 m thick; Xisha

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Kukić, Filip, Aspen Streetman, Nenad Koropanovski, et al. "Operational stress of police officers: A cross-sectional study in three countries with centralized, hierarchical organization." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 16, no. 1 (2021): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/paab065.

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Abstract Law enforcement is a stressful occupation with both work-related and social-related stressors. Too much stress can negatively affect behaviours, mental states, and job performance. Centralized police organizations limit officers’ individual autonomy, likely increasing stress. This study examined differences in occupational stress in two different European countries and one Middle East country. Participants were 351 male police officers from Serbia (n = 130, age 36 ± 8 years), Russia (n = 121, age 22 ± 4 years), and Lebanon (n = 100, age 36 ± 6 years) who completed the 20-item Operatio

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Petit, J. R., N. I. Barkov, J. P. Benoist, et al. "Holocene Climatic Records From Antarctic Ice." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500009289.

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The climate of the Holocene is, for continental regions from middle and low latitudes, relatively well documented from pollen studies and other sources. To obtain a global picture, these data must be supplemented by climatic series from polar regions. Such information may be extracted from δD or δ18O ice-core profiles but the interpretation of these isotopic records suffers some limitations, (1) because, expected temperature changes being small, they can be obscured by noise effects in the isotope-temperature relationship, and (2) because they can be influenced, especially in coastal regions,

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Petit, J. R., N. I. Barkov, J. P. Benoist, et al. "Holocene Climatic Records From Antarctic Ice." Annals of Glaciology 14 (1990): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500009289.

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The climate of the Holocene is, for continental regions from middle and low latitudes, relatively well documented from pollen studies and other sources. To obtain a global picture, these data must be supplemented by climatic series from polar regions. Such information may be extracted from δD or δ18O ice-core profiles but the interpretation of these isotopic records suffers some limitations, (1) because, expected temperature changes being small, they can be obscured by noise effects in the isotope-temperature relationship, and (2) because they can be influenced, especially in coastal regions,

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de Waart, Paul J. I. M. "Statehood and International Protection of Peoples in Armed Conflicts in the ‘Brave New World’: Palestine as a UN Source of Concern." Leiden Journal of International Law 5, no. 1 (1992): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500001965.

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The East-West detente has uncovered the importance of statehood for the international protection of peoples in international conflicts. The importance becomes obvious from a comparison between the legal position of the Kuwaitis with that of the Kurds and, more in particular, the Palestinians in that respect. The Gulf war urged the Security Council to enforce Iraq's compliance with the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention. The Council has also taken the position that Israel should apply this convention de jure in the 1967 occupied Palestinian territories, albeit lessforcefully. This is partly due to t

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Daroji, Choirul, and Yana Dwi Christanti. "Analisis Sistem Pinjaman Qardhul Hasan Bank Ziska Kabupaten Ponorogo dalam Pandangan Fatwa DSN-MUI." IJoIS: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Studies 3, no. 1 (2022): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.59525/ijois.v3i1.111.

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Ziska Bank is a bank within the meaning of Banking Law no. 10 of 1998 and the Sharia Banking Law no. 21 2008, but Bank Ziska is a financial aid based on Zakat, Infaq, Shodaqoh and other religious social funds. Bank Ziska is an East Java LazisMu program for tasharuf zakat, infaq and shodaqoh funds as well as other religious social funds (Ziska) which are specially managed to empower micro, micro, small businesses and small farmers. The main operation of Ziska Bank is to channel qardul hasan credit to Ziska Bank partners. Ziska Bank is not allowed to raise funds except through Lazismu or Lazismu

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Mulhem, Huda Al, Khadija El Alaoui, and Maura A. E. Pilotti. "A Sustainable Academic Journey in the Middle East: An Exploratory Study of Female College Students’ Self-Efficacy and Perceived Social Support." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (2023): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021070.

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In a society that is set to move from a patriarchal, gender-segregated workforce to one characterized by gender equity, female college students are the focal agents of change. Thus, they were selected to examine the contribution that perceived social support of women toward other women plays in their self-efficacy (i.e., confidence in one’s abilities) and academic performance (as measured by class grades). Self-reports were used to collect information about perceived social support, its nature and sources, and general self-efficacy from a sample of 131 female college students (age range: 18–24

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Kyaw, Moe H., Sophie Bozhi Chen, Shishi Wu, et al. "Systematic Review on Influenza Burden in Emerging Markets in 2018–2023—An Evidence Update to Guide Influenza Vaccination Recommendations." Vaccines 12, no. 11 (2024): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12111251.

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Background: Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness responsible for seasonal epidemics and with potential to cause pandemics. The decline in influenza-related studies published since 2018 resulted in data gaps, particularly in emerging markets. Methods: This systematic review searched for studies in six databases and gray literature sources to define the clinical burden of influenza and influenza-like illness (ILIs) and their associated sequelae among humans across emerging markets. Eligible studies were published in English, Spanish, or Chinese between January 2018 and September 2023 an

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Hamid, Nisar Ahmad, and Esmatullah Asim. "World War I and World War II: Their Effects on the Islamic World and Afghanistan." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 4, no. 5 (2024): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.4.5.27.

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The tremendous effects that World War I and World War II had on the Islamic world are investigated in this research, with a particular focus on Afghanistan. The aftermath of World War I resulted in the breakup of empires, most notably the Ottoman Empire, as well as the restructuring of political boundaries. The study aims to explore and analyze the far-reaching impacts of World War I and World War II on the Islamic world, with a particular focus on Afghanistan. The study seeks to examine how these global conflicts reshaped political, social, and economic dynamics in Muslim-majority regions, le

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-, Abdullah, Syed Shaheer Ali Shah, and MatiUllah Hidayat. "The Nexus of State Recognition Issue in the Context of the UAE-Israel Deal and Pakistan Dilemma." Global Regional Review VIII, no. I (2023): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2023(viii-i).03.

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This study tries to investigate the obstacles in the ongoing disputes between Pakistan and UAE over whether or not to recognize Israel as a state. What elements would cause Pakistan to recognize Israel? Considering the significance of the UAE and its agreements with Pakistan skewed the national interests of Pakistan. To explore the bottlenecks in the hurdles of the Middle East spectrum and to evaluate the stance, I used explorative methods to obtain unique and perfect data through thematic techniques. The study's goal is to draw attention to the persistent questions surrounding Pakistan's fore

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Lohvynenko, I. A., and Ye S. Lohvynenko. "The status of women in the Ancient East: peculiarities of marriage and family relations in Mesopotamia." Law and Safety 85, no. 2 (2022): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2022.2.09.

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The main criteria of social differentiation of women in the first state formations of the Middle Ages have been studied. The influence of religion on the formation of understanding of the place and role of women in society has been shown. Peculiarities of marriage and family relations in ancient Mesopotamia have been considered. The factors determining the social hierarchy of women in the ancient civilizations of the Biennial have been determined and analyzed. The causes of temple and street mass prostitution have been clarified. Features of the position of female slaves have been described.&#

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Yevhen, Rominskyi. "Some features of the private treaties of Old Rus of the princely era as sources of law." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 31 (2020): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2020-31-180-190.

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Introduction. The article gives an assessment, from the point of view of law, of the development of the Old Rus private legal acts as a source of law, the attention is drawn to the social and legal causes of its evolution. The aim of the article. The research proposes to apply the existing theoretical developments on the role of the treaty as a source of law in pre- and early-state societies to the information about the private legal acts of Old Rus of the princely era. It also covers the development of written private legal acts in the aforementioned days under the influence of ideas about la

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Potter, William C., and Gaukhar Mukhatzhanova. "Divining Nuclear Intentions: A Review Essay." International Security 33, no. 1 (2008): 139–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2008.33.1.139.

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Although projections of nuclear proliferation abound, they rarely are founded on empirical research or guided by theory. Even fewer studies are informed by a comparative perspective. The two books under review—The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation: Identity, Emotions, and Foreign Policy, by Jacques Hymans, and Nuclear Logics: Alternative Paths in East Asia and the Middle East, by Etel Solingen, are welcome exceptions to this general state of affairs, and represent the cutting edge of nonproliferation research. Both works challenge conventional conceptions of the sources of nuclear weapons de

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Akamov, Abusup'yan Tatarkhanovich, and Aigul' Muratovna Bekeeva. "INFLUENCE OF ARAB-MUSLIM CULTURE ON THE PROCESS OF ORIGIN OF DAGESTAN LITERATURE." Филология: научные исследования, no. 4 (April 2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2022.4.35414.

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The subject of this study is Dagestan literature. Special attention is paid to the first written works in the republic, which appeared under the influence of Arab-Muslim culture. This article examines the influence of Arabic-language culture on the formation of literary traditions of the peoples of Dagestan. Works in Arabic, Persian and Turkic languages in the spiritual literature of Dagestan testify to the centuries-old impact of Eastern culture. The manuscript gives an overview of the first Arabic-language sources written on the territory of Dagestan in the X-XII centuries. With the integrat

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Pashin, Sergey S. "The Kutitskies and Vasichinskies in Galicia in the 15th century: on studying noble families of Rusinian origin." Rusin, no. 67 (2022): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/67/5.

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The article deals with the genealogy of noblemen of Rusinian origin in Galicia, Russian Voivodeship of the Polish Kingdom in the 15th century (the east of Chervonaya (Red) Rus, now Ivano-Frankivsk Region of Ukraine mainly). The author analyses the specificity and flaws of sources on this topic. The high proportion of small landowners of Rusinian origin is emphasized as an important feature of the Galician gentry, which explains why, after the introduction of Polish law (and gentry self-government) in Chervona Rus, the Galician judge and arbitrator were for many years the gentry of Rusinian ori

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Ushurova, S. "Islam and surrogacy." Scientific works "Adilet", no. 4 (2021): 42–51. https://doi.org/10.54649/2077-9860-2021-4-42-51.

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Today, the total number of Muslims in the world is over 1.7 billion people, and this is 28% of the total population of the Earth. Islam, being one of the most widespread world religions, has its own principles and guidelines governing all spheres of public relations. In Islamic society, the personal and social life of a Muslim, his attitude and practical approach to health, illness, life and death are determined by the teachings of Islam. Thus, for many Muslims, religious beliefs are the strongest factor influencing decision–making, in particular with regard to health and reproduction. Current

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Hasnita, Hasnita, Muhammad Yusra, and Rifki Dermawan. "Pertimbangan Amerika Serikat Menjatuhkan Sanksi Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanction Act (CAATSA) ke Turki Tahun 2020." Palito 3, no. 01 (2024): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.25077/palito.v3i01.255.

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This research aims to explain and analyze the reasons behind the United States' considerations before imposing CAATSA sanctions on Turkey in 2020. The issue in this study arises when Turkey, a member of the United States military alliance, decides to engage in military cooperation with Russia concerning the purchase of the Russian S-400 missile system. As a result of this action, the United States issued a policy by excluding Turkey from the F-35 program. This US policy was sufficient to address US concerns about the Russian S-400 missile, which, according to the United States, could jeopardiz

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Wu, Qiuyi. "Theoretical Evaluation of Photovoltaic Thermal Water Source Heat Pump, Application Potential and Policy Implications: Evidence from Yangtze River Economic Belt, China." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (2023): 13638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813638.

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In the context of carbon neutrality, making full use of renewable energy is the key to further improve China’s development index. Within China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt, solar energy and river water, as clean and abundant sources of renewable energy, have garnered increasing. In this paper, a solar energy and surface water driven cogeneration system model is developed by TRNSYS to provide users with heat, cold and electricity. Six representative cities located along the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt were selected to evaluate and analyze the energy-savi

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Akrami, Mohammad, Alaa H. Salah, Akbar A. Javadi, et al. "Towards a Sustainable Greenhouse: Review of Trends and Emerging Practices in Analysing Greenhouse Ventilation Requirements to Sustain Maximum Agricultural Yield." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (2020): 2794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072794.

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Cultivation in open fields mainly depends on the location and time of farming, which itself highly depends on the quality and quantity of water for irrigation, weather conditions and soil characteristics. Water resources are highly dependent on the limited freshwater resources from the groundwater system, or rainwater. Countries in MENA (the Middle East and North Africa) rely mostly on desalination technologies for agriculture, due to water scarcity. Therefore, greenhouse (GH) agriculture can be developed to succeed in dealing with the water scarcity and provide sufficient sources of agricultu

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Parray, Tauseef Ahmad. "A Survey of Four Indo-Pakistani Scholars’ Perspectives on the Islam-Democracy Discourse." American Journal of Islam and Society 29, no. 1 (2012): 146–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v29i1.1221.

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In contemporary times, the relationship between Islam and democracy –democracy and its Islamic heritage and the process of democratization inMuslim societies, and other related themes – is a hotly debated and discussedtopic. Throughout the Muslim world – from South, Southeast and CentralAsia to Middle East and North Africa – Muslim thinkers have undertakenthe effort of working within and cooperating with existing political regimesand authorities ‒ from republics, monarchies and authoritarian dictatorshipsto pluralistic and relativity homogeneous societies. With the desirefor democratization, a

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Al-Khalaifah, Hanan, and Saif Uddin. "Assessment of Sargassum sp., Spirulina sp., and Gracilaria sp. as Poultry Feed Supplements: Feasibility and Environmental Implications." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (2022): 8968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148968.

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Eutrophication, coupled with ocean acidification and warming, results in an increased concentration of marine algae, severely impacting some regions. Several algae are a rich source of protein and minerals. Marine algae are rich in bioactive molecules with antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and antimicrobial properties. These properties make them attractive for usage in the pharmaceutical industry. This study evaluated Sargassum sp., Spirulina sp., and Gracilaria sp. for use as poultry feed. Chemical analyses show that crude protein (CP) in analyzed algae was 9.07–63.63%, with a fib

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