Relevant bibliographies by topics / Law, nicaragua

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Law, nicaragua'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Law, nicaragua"

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Grossman, Nienke. "Territorial and Maritime Dispute." American Journal of International Law 107, no. 2 (April 2013): 396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.107.2.0396.

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On November 19, 2012, the International Court of Justice rendered its judgment in a dispute involving territorial and maritime claims raised by Nicaragua against Colombia in the Caribbean Sea. The Court considered Nicaragua’s requests for a declaration of Nicaraguan sovereignty over seven disputed maritime features and delimitation of a single maritime boundary between the continental shelves and exclusive economic zones appertaining to Nicaragua and Colombia. The Court awarded all disputed territory to Colombia and delimited the maritime boundary between the states’ continental shelves and exclusive economic zones by using a novel mix of weighted base points, geodetic lines, parallels of latitude, and enclaving.
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Bederman, David J. "Border and Transborder Armed Actions (Nicaragua v. Honduras), Jurisdiction and Admissibiuty." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 2 (April 1989): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202749.

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On July 28, 1986, the Republic of Nicaragua filed an application instituting proceedings against the Republic of Honduras in the International Court of Justice. Nicaragua alleged that Honduras had allowed armed bands, known as contras, to operate from its territory to the detriment of Nicaraguan sovereignty, that Honduran military forces had directly participated in attacks on Nicaragua and that the Government of Honduras had given material aid and logistical support to the rebels. Nicaragua requested that the Court declare the acts and omissions of Honduras to be violations of international law and order it to desist from all such activities and to make reparations to Nicaragua. Honduras objected to the jurisdiction of the Court and to the admissibility of the Application. The parties subsequently agreed that the Court should first decide these questions before proceeding to the merits. Relying on the Pact of Bogotá for its jurisdictional rationale, the Court unanimously held: that it had jurisdiction and that the Application could be entertained.
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Rowles, James P. "“Secret Wars,” Self-Defense and the Charter—A Reply to Professor Moore." American Journal of International Law 80, no. 3 (July 1986): 568–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2201774.

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In a recent article entitled The Secret War in Central America and the Future of World Order, Professor John Norton Moore, a staunch defender of United States actions toward Nicaragua, sets forth a comprehensive array of factual assertions and legal arguments to support his conclusions that support by the United States of Nicaraguan counterrevolutionaries or “contras” and its own actions against Nicaragua are justified as collective self-defense under international law. He also presents arguments to support his conclusion that the International Court of Justice has so exceeded its authority in exercising jurisdiction in the case of Nicaragua v. United States that its decisions are void, and consequently may be ignored by the United States—or, for that matter, Nicaragua. Professor Moore’s analysis and conclusions differ sharply from those of the present writer. It should therefore be useful to identify the main points of disagreement, and to suggest the policy implications of the different legal arguments and conclusions.
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Antsygina, Ekaterina, and Bernardo Pérez-Salazar. "Sovereign Rights on the Extended Continental Shelf: The Case of the Nicaraguan Rise in the Western Caribbean." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 35, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 772–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10006.

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Abstract In 2016, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled on Colombia’s preliminary objections to Nicaragua’s claim over the extended continental shelf in the Western Caribbean, which forms part of a submarine geographic feature known as the ‘Nicaraguan Rise’. This article recalls the long-standing Nicaragua–Colombia conflict over islands and maritime zones and analyses the 2012 and 2016 ICJ decisions with respect to the correlation between the distance and natural prolongation criteria. The article also addresses the role of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in delimitation, and concludes by discussing the geopolitical consequences of the future ICJ ruling concerning the delimitation of the extended continental shelf.
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Reichler, Paul S. "The Nicaragua Case: A Response to Judge Schwebel." American Journal of International Law 106, no. 2 (April 2012): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.106.2.0316.

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Judge Stephen Schwebel has every right to attack the International Court of Justice's judgment in the Nicaragua case and to defend his dissenting opinion. But he goes too far when he accuses Nicaragua of perpetrating a "fraud on the Court." A response is appropriate, especially from counsel cited by Judge Schwebel for "proposing, developing, and arguing Nicaragua's case."
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HOSS, CRISTINA, SANTIAGO VILLALPANDO, and SANDESH SIVAKUMARAN. "Nicaragua: 25 Years Later." Leiden Journal of International Law 25, no. 1 (February 6, 2012): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156511000616.

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The case concerning Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua, better known as the ‘Nicaragua case’ or simply Nicaragua, is arguably one of the most important and controversial cases ever to be heard by the International Court of Justice. Twenty-five years after the judgment on the merits was handed down, it is high time to reassess the impact of Nicaragua on international law. The joint efforts of the Grotius Centre of the Leiden Law School, the Centre on International Courts and Tribunals at University College London, the Netherlands Society of International Law, and the law firm Foley Hoag LLP resulted in a one-day conference, on 27 June 2011, the very day on which the judgment on the merits of the Nicaragua case was handed down, 25 years ago.
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Kim, Minchul. "Alleged Violations of Sovereign Rights and Maritime Spaces in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Colombia, 2022): A Commentary." Korea International Law Review 63 (October 31, 2022): 33–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25197/kilr.2022.63.33.

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This article examines the judgment of the Alleged Violations of Sovereign Rights and Maritime Spaces in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Colombia), which was rendered by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in April 2022. In addition, it provides some comments in law of the sea perspective and also draws implications in Korean perspective. In this judgment, the ICJ dealt with the following issues: the rights and duties-particularly with respect to the fisheries and marine environmental protection -of Nicaragua and Colombia in Nicaragua’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ), the compatibility of Colombia’s contiguous zone with customary international law, Nicaragua’s alleged infringement of the traditional fishing rights of the Colombian nationals, and the compatibility of Nicaragua’s straight baselines with customary international law. In this regard, this article points out several noteworthy features in the judgment: first, the ICJ recognized the spatial limit of the contiguous zone and the contents on the control of the coastal State in this zone in accordance with article 33, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), as customary international law; second, the ICJ found it possible for the EEZ and contiguous zone to be overlapped between States, because the two regimes regulate different rights and duties; and third, the ICJ determined whether the straight baselines system established by the coastal State was in effect legal or not. Lastly, in the broader context of the law of the sea, this article also takes note that the ICJ declared or reaffirmed that not a few articles of UNCLOS reflected customary international law in this judgement. This suggests that UNCLOS is constantly contributing to the materialization of the customary law of the sea and broadening its universality in the law of the sea field, as the so-called Magna Carta of the ocean.
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Schwebel, Stephen M. "Celebrating a Fraud on the Court." American Journal of International Law 106, no. 1 (January 2012): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.106.1.0102.

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The International Court of Justice issued its judgment on the merits in the case of Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua on June 27, 1986. A public discussion to mark the twenty-fifth anniversary of the rendering of that judgment took place in The Hague on June 27, 2011. The meeting—“The Nicaragua Case 25 Years Later: Its Impact on the Law and the Court”—was arranged with the participation of individuals involved in the formulation and presentation of Nicaragua’s case. A diversity of views was expressed on whether the Court had jurisdiction in the case and on elements of its judgment on the merits, but the mood of the Hague session was celebratory.
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D’Amato, Anthony. "Trashing Customary International Law." American Journal of International Law 81, no. 1 (January 1987): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202136.

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Central to the World Court’s mission is the determination of international custom “as evidence of a general practice accepted as law.” Students of the Court’s jurisprudence have long been aware that the Court has been better at applying customary law than defining it. Yet until Nicaragua v. United States, little harm was done. For in the sharply contested cases prior to Nicaragua, the Court managed to elicit commonalities in argumentative structure that gravitated its rulings toward the customary norms implicit in state practice. The Court’s lack of theoretical explicitness simply meant that a career opportunity arose for some observers like me to attempt to supply the missing theory of custom.
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Yotova, Rumiana. "THE PRINCIPLES OF DUE DILIGENCE AND PREVENTION IN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW." Cambridge Law Journal 75, no. 3 (November 2016): 445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197316000672.

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ON 16 December 2015, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) delivered its judgment in the joined cases of Certain Activities Carried out by Nicaragua in the Border Area (Costa Rica v Nicaragua) and Construction of a Road in Costa Rica along the San Juan River (Nicaragua v Costa Rica), ICJ Reports 2015. These are the latest in a line of cases raising key principles of international environmental law before the ICJ, following Pulp Mills (2010), Aerial Herbicide Spraying and Whaling in the Antarctic (2014).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Law, nicaragua"

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Velázquez, José Luis. "Nicaragua: Outcomes of revolution, 1979-1990." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298766.

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In Marxist and Dependence theories, revolution has been prescribed as a panacea for developing countries' social evils. However, there is little work dedicated to evaluation of the results of those events that permit the validation of theory. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation is to assess the outcomes of the Nicaraguan Revolution (1979-1990) and test this assumption. The assessment was made according to Edward Muller's theoretical framework. It is centered in the idea that revolutions destroy social capital. Their successes depend on the skill of revolutionary leadership in distinguishing obsolete from other forms of valuable social capital. The latter has to be fostered as the base of the revolution's future development. The indicators used were: (1) The extent at which the revolutionary leadership keeps its promises and delivers public goods; (2) The evaluation of power, strength, and centralization of the revolutionary state vs. the ancient regime; (3) The performance of the revolutionary economy; (4) The extension of the policies of land distribution, and; (5) The effects of the revolutionary policies in income distribution, inequality, and the creation of new opportunities for the citizenry. The conclusions were: (1) The Sandinista leadership did not deliver the promises of mixed economy, political pluralism and on alignment; (2) The revolutionary state was: strongest, more centralized and powerful than the Somoza regime; (3) The economic performance was poor, and unable to meet the needs of the people; (4) The policies of land reform were effective in distributing land, but failed in the creation of a new social class of farmers. It became a counterinsurgency land reform directed to create an available political clientele for the ruling party; (5) The contradiction between macroeconomics and distributive microeconomics policies, canceled out the effect of the latter, inducing a process of income concentration; (6) The insertion of the Nicaraguan crisis in the East-West confrontation accentuated dependence; (7) The empirical evidence supports Moller and Weede's theoretical assertion (1995) in the sense that the Sandinista leadership was not able to discriminate between obsolete social capital from valuable social capital, that existed embedded in pre-revolutionary institutional structure. Its attempt to subordinate civil society and substitute it with a spurious civil society ended with the destruction of valuable social capital needed for growth and development.
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Hugsén, Karin. "Förbjud det totala abortförbudet? : Hur legitim är abortlagen i Nicaragua?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-209554.

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The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze laws that completely prohibit abortion through a legal philosophical perspective. To demonstrate that abortion blanket bans cannot be seen as legally legitimate, the author has completed a literature study where she uses Robert Alexy’s “Concept of Law” to analyze abortion laws both in general, and in Nicaragua in particular. Based upon Alexy’s “Concept of Law” the author has identified three relevant key elements – social efficacy, the argument from injustice and correctness of content - which she uses in her analysis. In order to apply these three elements on the total abortion ban, she then uses four different analysis tools - feminist theory, Human Rights, deontology analysis and right analysis. This has enabled a thorough analysis of the total ban on abortion that has demonstrates that such laws cannot be considered legitimate. By highlighting the human rights violations the law entails, one can conclude that the law has a social impact. Using MacKinnon's theory "experience as a woman" the author had been able to demonstrate how the law should be considered as a gender equality issue, and that it is sexist in nature. Based on the argument from injustice and the legal norms about equal treatment and non-discrimination, the blanket ban can be considered extremely unfair for the women concerned. Based on deontology- and rights analysis, one can conclude that the Catholic Church's stance does not hold for the conservative position that excludes abortion in all circumstances. Thus, the normative arguments from the Christian abortion ethical and conservative position that is basis for the law is not coherent. These three indicators demonstrate that the law in Nicaragua has a social efficacy that is both extremely unfair, violates Human Rights and its application sexist with normative argument and content that is not coherent. It would therefore be entirely justified to thwart the legitimacy of such total abortion ban, as in Nicaragua
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Jenab, Zahra. "The role of international law in US foreign policy decision-making intervention in Grenada & Nicaragua." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30780.

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Relations among states are permeated by basic legal concepts which comprise the international legal system. The existence of this system helps maintain some level of international order. So long as states feel that it is in their interest to act according to the norms of international law, order is preserved. When a state believes, however, that it is to its advantage to disrupt the order, then the international legal system can do very little to prevent that state from acting contrary to the norm and, for instance, resorting to the use of force to achieve its goal. The actions of the United States, as a major power, are very significant in this respect since many smaller countries look at the United States as a role model. Yet, in many cases, the United States has acted in a manner which seems to contradict the established norms of international law. To determine to what extent international law is a factor in US policy making, it is best to focus on the relations of the US with countries of one specific region in order to avoid sweeping generalizations. The relationship of the US with Central American countries has always been a matter of controversy because the United States sees itself as the protector of these states. On numerous occasions, the US has intervened (directly and indirectly) in Central America to secure its own perceived interests. Two of the most recent examples of US intervention occurred during the Reagan Administration. They are: the 1983 invasion of Grenada, and intervention in Nicaragua from 1981 to 1984. After the decisions to intervene were made, United States' officials offered legal justifications for their actions. A close look at these explanations, however, reveals that the Reagan Administration was not truly concerned with the norms and principles of international law. The Administration believed that it had the military and political power to circumvent into international legal obligations without the fear of sanctions. The real rationale for the interventions lies in the fact that the US had the opportunity to try to overthrow an adversarial regime which was seen as a threat to hemispheric security and solidarity.
Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Abelove, Samantha. "Coming Out of the Margins: LGBTI Activists in Costa Rica and Nicaragua." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/524.

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For decades LGBTQ rights have been approached purely by a legal strategy, in particular advocating for the legalization of same-sex marriage. However, discrimination and violence against the LGBTQ community continues to be a major issue in Latin America because of cultural values such as Catholicism and machismo that uphold a standard of and, in turn, have control over people’s sexuality. Using a human rights approach towards the politics of sexuality, LGBTI activists in Costa Rican and Nicaragua have been successful in transforming public opinion about sexuality and more importantly, sexual diversity. As a result of their egalitarian framework and efforts to educate people about sexual diversity, they have made great advancements toward achieving acceptance and equality for LGBTI people. This study focuses on how Costa Rican and Nicaraguan LGBTI activists have worked around traditional cultural values such as Catholicism and machismo that prevent people from accepting and tolerating LGBTI people. The examples of LGBTI activists in these two countries have important implications for other LGBTI activists and the strategies they use to try to achieve full equality (social and legal) for people whose sexual identity differs from the conventional.
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Dille, Benjamin B. "Ill fares the land : the legal consequences of land confiscations by the Sandinista government of Nicaragua 1979-1990." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/481/.

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This thesis analyzes the consequences of property confiscations and redistribution under the Sandinista (FSLN) government in Nicaragua of the 1980s. It covers the period from the overthrow of Anastasio Somoza Debayle in 1979 to the February 1990 FSLN electoral defeat and the following two months of the Piñata, when the outgoing Sandinista government quickly formalized possession of property by new owners, both formerly landless peasants and the elite. It also examines subsequent efforts to resolve outstanding property claims, with the focus on the Chamorro and later presidential administrations to 2007, when Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega and the FSLN returned to power. The main argument is that Sandinista leaders, largely from the same families that have dominated Nicaragua since the Colonial period, followed Nicaraguan traditions of using influence to distort the legal and political system to gain title to valuable properties. In contrast to partisan arguments in favor of one regime or another, here the methods of property transfer are analyzed by investigating in detail documentary evidence of illustrative cases that show the steps and individuals involved in these transactions, as well as more generally surveying other cases and the overall situation with property. The argument is tested by examining how the selected claimants’ properties were taken and who obtained them. The results indicate that Sandinista elites did obtain properties for their personal benefit, often in violation of their own legislation, but that this was largely consistent with the practice of other, non- Sandinista governments. After their electoral defeat, ongoing Sandinista influence in the organs of government influenced the restitution process, with claimants typically settling for compensation at a fraction of the market value, with the Nicaraguan state and people bearing the cost of paying for compensation bonds over the coming decades. Political influence undermined the restitution mechanism.
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Cameron, Calla. "Grave Breaches: American Military Intervention in the Late Twentieth- Century and the Consequences for International Law." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1677.

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The duality of the United States’ relationship with international criminal law and human rights atrocities is a fascinating theme that weaves through all of American history, but most distinctly demonstrates the contradictory nature of American foreign policy in the latter half of the 20th century. America is both protector of human rights and perpetrator of human rights atrocities, global police force and aggressor. The Cold War exacerbated the tensions caused by American military dominance. The international political and physical power of the American military allowed the United States to do as it pleased in the 20th century with few consequences, but that power also brought watchfulness from the global community and an expectation that the United States would intervene when rogue states or leaders committed crimes against humanity. The international legal community has expected the United States to act and illegally intervene in some situations, but to pursue policy changes peacefully through diplomatic channels on other occasions.
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RIOS, EDWIN ANTONIO. "THE BATTLEFIELD OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: NICARAGUAN RESISTANCE AGAINST UNITED STATES HEGEMONY." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192207.

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Martínez, Alejandra de los Angeles. "Factores que determinan la viabilidad en la conformación y permanencia de unidades especializadas de género en instituciones públicas: el caso de la creación de las unidades de género en Nicaragua en el periodo 2007-2013." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130666.

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Magíster en Gestión y Políticas Públicas
¿Qué factores hacen viable la conformación y permanencia de unidades especializadas de género en las instituciones públicas? Esta es la pregunta central que motiva y orienta el presente estudio de caso, la cual se procura responder a través de inquietudes más específica relacionadas con ¿Qué capacidades se requieren desarrollar para incorporar la perspectiva de género en las instituciones públicas?, ¿Cómo incide la asignación de recursos en la conformación y fortalecimiento del proceso de transversalización de género? y ¿De qué manera incide la configuración organizacional presente en las instituciones públicas en la aceptación de nuevas estructuras especializadas de género?. Para acercarnos a responderlas, se seleccionó como experiencia singular la creación de Unidades de Género en instituciones públicas de la República de Nicaragua acotándolo al periodo 2007-2013 por concentrarse los eventos relacionados con el desarrollo de la experiencia bajo estudio. La metodología utilizada se basa en la guía práctica para la elaboración de estudios de caso , desarrollada por Michael Barzelay y Juan Carlos Cortázar (2004), que implicó entrevistar a diez Coordinadoras de las Unidades de Género de distintas instituciones públicas del Estado y revisión de documentos para construir el relato del caso. Luego se realizó un análisis a la luz de las funciones gerenciales, llegando a conclusiones, entre las cuales destacan: el contar con lineamientos claros, pero sobre todo con la disposición de recursos financieros, personal estable y capacitado mayormente en gestión de instituciones públicas, transversalización de género y negociación de conflictos- son condiciones que marcan profundamente el desarrollo de los procesos de implementación de políticas públicas. Más aún la gestión del entorno político interno y la configuración que adquieren las instituciones junto con las reglas y rutinas presentes, marcaran la apertura o bloqueos a las nuevas iniciativas de políticas públicas, sobre todo las que consideran la creación de nuevas estructuras especializadas en materia de género. Se llega a comprender también, que la sola creación de una Unidad de Género no asegura la transversalización de este enfoque en las instituciones, pues el éxito de esta depende de factores como la preparación profesional de las/los encargados, la voluntad o apertura política de los funcionarios y personal operativo/técnico que son los que al final implementan y concretan las disposiciones políticas. Otro elemento es, que el Estado al asignar recursos a nuevas iniciativas le conviene pensar en la sostenibilidad de las acciones a largo plazo, sobre todo cuando la cooperación externa dispone recursos, pero luego estos fondos se terminan y con ello aparece la necesidad de financiarlos desde el presupuesto público, es evidente entonces pensar en la capacidad del Estado para sostenerlas pues los recursos son escasos y este distribuye según sus prioridades más inmediatas.
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Morales, Torres Rodolfo Javier. "Participación ciudadana en la formulación de las políticas públicas locales, el caso del Distrito VI del Municipio de Managua, (2007-2013)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131430.

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Magíster en Gestión y Políticas Públicas
Este estudio de caso analiza los procesos de participación ciudadana que se han implementado en el Distrito VI del Municipio de Managua, por considerarse uno de los distritos más grandes de la capital, con mayor importancia demográfica, económica y por su rol de representación y proximidad con la ciudadanía, tratando de destacar los aspectos relevantes, extraer las experiencias valiosas y recoger las recomendaciones planteadas por los ciudadanos, líderes y funcionarios entrevistados para fortalecer la participación ciudadana en la formulación de políticas públicas y la gestión municipal. Específicamente se examina, cómo funciona y se operativiza el marco del nuevo modelo de participación ciudadana (Gabinetes de la Familia la Comunidad y la Vida) implementado por decreto presidencial 112 -2007, y la manera en que éstos contribuyen desde el distrito a los diseños de políticas públicas locales. Desde esta perspectiva, esta investigación se propuso de manera general, analizar el proceso de participación ciudadana en la formulación de las políticas públicas locales y las interrelaciones de la ciudadanía con el Distrito VI del municipio de Managua, en el periodo 2007-13. Esta investigación corresponde a un caso único y fue desarrollada a partir de un enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo en tanto se propuso conocer, analizar y extraer aprendizajes del proceso de la participación ciudadana desarrollados en el Distrito VI, del municipio de Managua con énfasis en la formulación de las políticas públicas. A la luz de los resultados obtenidos se vislumbra un proceso de participación que se construye desde las bases territoriales, con una organización relativamente joven y en evolución, que funcionan más como un mecanismos de articulación y gestión institucional para adecuar la oferta pública a las necesidades de las comunidades, cuyos alcances están orientados a apoyar la auto gestión de las comunidades, en la búsqueda de un ciudadano cada vez más propositivo y no demandante y de un gabinete que coordina y articule con la comuna los temas que atribuyen al desarrollo de su comunidad. En este sentido se reconoce el aporte de la participación ciudadana y la idea de un gobierno relacional, que implica a la ciudadanía en las decisiones ya que ellos dentro de la comunidad son los que mejor saben lo que acontece en su territorio y por lo mismo pueden formar parte de las propuestas de la solución a sus problemas. No obstante las evidencias encontradas mediante las entrevistas, muestran que pese al involucramiento de la ciudadanía en los temas sociales, está aún se ubica en el nivel de información y consulta, puesto que los gabinetes comunitarios funcionan como facilitadores de información y los insumos para que la alcaldía tome su mejor decisión. La limitación más importante de estos procesos participativos es que están fuertemente concentrados en la fase de información de la política pública, lo cual indica una tendencia a utilizar estos mecanismos en las fases previas de información y planificación.
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Rivas, Jirón Yahoska Linerth. "Micro crédito en Nicaragua: Programa Usura Cero para el empoderamiento y autonomía económica de las mujeres." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/167737.

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Magíster en estudios de Género y Cultura, mención Ciencias Sociales
La presente investigación se centra en las vivencias de las 06 protagonistas, integrantes de dos grupos solidarios que son parte del Programa de Micro Crédito Usura Cero del municipio de Managua, el cual tiene como objetivo principal lograr el empoderamiento y la autonomía económica, como estrategia para que sus protagonistas salgan de la condición de pobreza. El micro crédito es utilizado como una herramienta para la erradicación de la pobreza, en países sub desarrollados, en el caso de Nicaragua el micro crédito se acompaña además de capacitaciones que permiten mejorar, perfeccionar habilidades y destrezas de sus protagonistas para superar su condición, inyectando un pequeño capital que les permita mejorar o crear pequeños negocios. Desde un enfoque de género se analiza si dicho programa está promoviendo cambios estratégicos de género o solamente logran cubrir necesidades básicas y prácticas de las protagonistas y sus familias en condiciones de pobreza. Según Magdalena León el empoderamiento desde un enfoque de género, implica el desarrollo de una conciencia crítica en las mujeres, para que de esta manera logren identificar las relaciones de poder que han sido naturalizadas y lograr generar cambios sustanciales en las estructuras de dominación y en la designación de roles por género
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Books on the topic "Law, nicaragua"

1

Nicaragua. Código penal de Nicaragua. [Nicaragua: s.n.], 1996.

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Cabistán, Francisco Enríquez. Justicia constitucional en Nicaragua. Managua, Nicaragua: SENICSA, 2012.

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Nicaragua. Código penal de Nicaragua. Managua: Bibliografías Técnicas, BITECSA, 1992.

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Nicaragua. Código penal de Nicaragua. [Nicaragua]: Editorial Jurídica, 1997.

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Nicaragua. Constitución política de Nicaragua. [Managua]: Editorial El Amanecer, 1987.

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Nicaragua. Constitución política de Nicaragua. [Managua]: República de Nicaragua, America Central, 1995.

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Cortes, Theodulo Baez. Tipos de impuestos en Nicaragua Todo sobre impuestos en Nicaragua. 4th ed. nicaragua: Republica de Nicaragua, 2009.

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Nicaragua. Leyes tributarias de Nicaragua. [Nicaragua]: República de Nicaragua, Ministerio de Finanzas, Dirección General de Ingresos, 1994.

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Bravo, Alejandro. Derecho local en Nicaragua. 2nd ed. Managua: Impresiones Helios, 2001.

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Castillo, Francisco Valladares. Derecho cooperativo en Nicaragua. León: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Law, nicaragua"

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McCaffrey, Stephen C. "Environmental Law and Freshwater Ecosystems." In Nicaragua Before the International Court of Justice, 347–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62962-9_15.

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Fitzmaurice, Malgosia. "Customary Law, General Principles, Unilateral Acts." In Nicaragua Before the International Court of Justice, 247–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62962-9_10.

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Samson, Benjamin, and Tessa Barsac. "The Law of State Responsibility in the Nicaraguan Cases." In Nicaragua Before the International Court of Justice, 281–303. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62962-9_12.

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Rothwell, Donald R. "International Law of the Sea and the Nicaraguan Cases." In Nicaragua Before the International Court of Justice, 327–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62962-9_14.

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Tzanakopoulos, Antonios, and Anna Ventouratou. "Nicaragua in the International Court of Justice and the Law of Treaties." In Nicaragua Before the International Court of Justice, 215–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62962-9_9.

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Stahn, Carsten. "“Nicaragua is dead, long live Nicaragua” — the Right to Self-defence Under Art. 51 UN Charter and International Terrorism." In Terrorism as a Challenge for National and International Law: Security versus Liberty?, 827–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18896-1_26.

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Medaglia, Jorge Cabrera, and Miguel Saldivia Olave. "Sustainable development law principles in the Costa Rica v Nicaragua 1 territorial disputes." In Sustainable Development Principles in the Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals, 255–65. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge,2017. | Series: Routledge research in international environmental law: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315769639-9.

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Stubenrauch, Jessica. "Innovative Phosphorus Governance: How to Address Recurring Regulatory Shortfalls—The Example of Germany, Costa Rica and Nicaragua." In International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2020/2021, 435–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96347-7_17.

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"Nicaragua." In International Law and Indigenous Peoples, 249–67. Brill | Nijhoff, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047407324_015.

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Tanaka, Yoshifumi. "Alleged Violations of Sovereign Rights and Maritime Spaces in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Colombia)." In The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2022, 227–52. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197752265.003.0014.

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Abstract The Nicaragua v. Colombia judgment of 21 April 2022 is rich in its content, examining both jurisdictional and substantive issues of international law. In the Nicaragua v. Colombia case, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), for the first time, examined the question of whether the Court’s jurisdiction ratione temporis covers facts or events that allegedly occurred after the lapse of the title of jurisdiction. Furthermore, the Court made some important statements with regard to the customary law nature of relevant provisions of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. In this regard, the Court declared that Nicaragua’s straight baselines are contrary to customary international law as reflected in Article 7(1) of the Convention. The Nicaragua v. Colombia judgment provides a crucial precedent on this matter. In light of its importance, this article examines key issues of the judgment, inter alia: (1) jurisdiction ratione temporis of the ICJ, (2) Colombia’s contested activities in Nicaragua’s maritime zones, (3) the legality of Colombia’s “integrated contiguous zone,” (4) the artisanal fishing rights of the inhabitants of the San Andrés Archipelago, in particular the Raizales, and (5) the legality of Nicaragua’s straight baselines.
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Conference papers on the topic "Law, nicaragua"

1

Dyachenko, Olga Viktorovna, and Andrey Petrovich Mazurenko. "LAW-MAKING POLICY AS A FACTOR IN IMPROVING BUSINESS LAW." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference «Modern research on the way to a new scientific revolution». Part 1. by HNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP (Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua). November 2023. – Varadero (Cuba). Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/231128.2023.44.33.012.

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The doctrinal aspects of improving business law with the help of law-making policy are considered. Various points of view on the content and purpose of this type of legal policy of the state are analyzed, as well as author's conclusions are drawn about its potential to influence certain branches of law.
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Bagan, Vladislav Vladimirovich. "THE SYSTEM OF CHURCH LAW IN THE CANONICAL HERITAGE OF ARCHPRIEST MIKHAIL ALBOV." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference «Trends in the development of science and Global challenges» Ьу НNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP. April 2023. - Managua (Nicaragua). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230415.2023.30.96.003.

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The presented article is an analysis of the church-legal views of the Russian canonist Archpriest Mikhail Albov. Despite the creation by Father Mikhail of one of the authoritative lecture courses on church law, the legacy of MP Albov remains poorly understood. The presented article uses the historical-critical method, which allows to give an objective picture of the teaching activities and the canonical heritage of Archpriest Mikhail Albov in St. Petersburg educational institutions. Higher educational institutions of St. Petersburg in the second half of the 19th century became one of the main scientific centers for the development of the academic discipline "canon law". This article is relevant because it tries to reveal the scientific achievements of an influential pre-revolutionary canonist, undeservedly forgotten by today's academic researchers.
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Mazurenko, Andrey Petrovich, and Olga Viktorovna Dyachenko. "LEGAL POLICY IN THE ENERGY SECTOR: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE LEGAL ASPECTS." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference « Science in the Era of Challenges and Global Changes» Ьу НNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP (Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua). Мау 2023. - Caracas (Venezuela). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230527.2023.76.65.008.

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International and national legal policy in the energy sector are considered. The points of view of various authors on the content and purpose of modern legal policy, as well as the place of energy law in the system of domestic legislation are analyzed. Conclusions are drawn about the uniqueness and complexity of energy law, consisting in a dialectical combination of public-legal and private-law ways of regulating energy relations, as well as about the lack of formation of a full-fledged legal policy in this area.
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Gorsheneva, Irina Arkadyevna, and Serafima Evgenyevna Zaitseva. "DIRECTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF THE POLICE OF RUSSIA AND THE NORDIC COUNTRIES." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference «Trends in the development of science and Global challenges» by HNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP. April 2022. – Managua (Nicaragua). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/man2.2022.25.67.007.

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The article talks about the main directions of criminal law policy in the field of environmental protection in Russia and the Nordic countries. The mechanism of implementation of criminal liability for environmental crimes in Russia and some European countries (Norway, Finland, Sweden) is considered.
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Popkova, Ekaterina Anatolyevna, and Maria Vyacheslavovna Popkova. "JUVENILE JUSTICE: A BIAS TOWARDS CHILDREN’S RIGHTS." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference «Modern research on the way to a new scientific revolution». Part 1. by HNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP (Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua). November 2023. – Varadero (Cuba). Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/231128.2023.37.32.003.

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This article discusses the role and place of the institute of juvenile justice in the law systems, traces the origin and historical development of the institute of juvenile justice. The paper also goes into the history of this institution and reveals some factors leading to the activities of juvenile justice.
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Artanova, Elena Nikolaevna. "TO THE QUESTION OF THE RIGHT OF LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVE OF THE BRICS HEADS OF STATES." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign International Scientific Conference « Science in the Era of Challenges and Global Changes» Ьу НNRI «National development» in cooperation with AFP (Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua). Мау 2023. - Caracas (Venezuela). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230527.2023.24.16.025.

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The article is devoted to the right of legislative initiative of the BRICS heads of state. It is concluded that the Constitutions of the four states that are part of the BRICS contain different norms and fix different content of the right of legislative initiative of the head of state, and in the basic law of the People's Republic of China, the head of state does not have it and is granted to the legislative body - the National People's Congress.
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Singh, Pritpal. "Collaboration between Villanova University and UNICEF’s Innovation Lab at BICU, Nicaragua." In The 16th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: “Innovation in Education and Inclusion”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/laccei2018.1.1.420.

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Pérez Monge, Luis Alonso. "SISTEMAS INFRAESTRUCTURALES COMO ARTICULADORES TRANSFRONTERIZOS: Planteamientos urbano-económicos para la intervención de la frontera entre Nicaragua y Costa Rica." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Bogotá: Universidad Piloto de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.10057.

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The accelerated global process of hyperglobalization has affected the dynamics of geopolitical borders, overcoming historical border conflicts through the articulating capacity of infrastructures. The global commercial transport system seeks to optimize and propose new routes to increase cargo capacity, focusing again on Central America, where the border between Nicaragua and Costa Rica meets the ideal geographical and territorial conditions to develop a new commercial crossing, because the new Panama Canal cannot meet the growth in demand due to capacity and size. This border recovers a geostrategic interest, projecting itself as the ideal sector to develop a transoceanic connection, as in the 19th century, a situation that led to border conflicts. Today this is manifested as a new opportunity to intervene the territory from the connectivity networks, under a new urban concept, achieving a transnational cohesion from the infrastructural systems. Keywords: border, connectivity, territory, infrastructural El acelerado proceso de hiperglobalización ha afectado las dinámicas de las fronterizas geopolíticas, superando conflictos limítrofes históricos por medio de la articulación de las infraestructuras. El sistema mundial de transporte comercial busca optimizar y proponer nuevas rutas para aumentar la capacidad de carga, fijándose nuevamente en Centroamérica, donde la frontera entre Nicaragua y Costa Rica reúne las condiciones geográficas y territoriales ideales para desarrollar un nuevo paso comercial. Esta frontera recobra un interés geoestratégico, proyectándose como el sector ideal para desarrollar una conexión transoceánica, como en el siglo XIX, situación que derivó en conflictos fronterizos. Hoy esto se manifiesta como una nueva oportunidad para intervenir el territorio desde las redes de conectividad, bajo un nuevo concepto urbano, logrando una cohesión transnacional desde los sistemas infraestructurales. Palabras clave: frontera, conectividad, territorio, infraestructural
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Pérez Monge, Luis Alonso. "La infraestructura que desdibuja una frontera." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Bogotá: Universidad Piloto de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.10059.

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Technological advances, the immediacy due to accessibility, speed and connectivity, have modified the notion of time and the way we perceive space. This has had an impact on the way of understanding and transiting borders, in some conflictive cases they have put aside political differences, in order to have a better global competitive position, seeking new ways of dialogue, pacts and reopening, through development of connectivity projects that articulate the territory. Central America is no exception, where neighbors Nicaragua and Costa Rica plan independent transoceanic trade crossings just 50km from each other, with their border line in the middle of their proposals. This would double the services and cause a natural impact. Therefore, it is pertinent to propose a unified and collaborative project that achieves an articulation of the systems and breaks with the segregation generated by the border transnational cohesion from the infrastructural systems. Keywords: Infrastructure, border, integration, canals. Topic: Analysis and territorial project. Los avances tecnológicos, la inmediatez por la accesibilidad, la velocidad y la conectividad, han modificado la noción del tiempo y la manera en cómo percibimos el espacio. Esto ha repercutido en la manera de entender y transitar las fronteras, en algunos casos conflictivos han dejado de lado las diferencias políticas, con el fin de tener una mejor posición global competitiva, buscando nuevas vías de diálogo, pactos y reaperturas, por medio del desarrollo de proyectos de conectividad que articulan el territorio. Centroamérica no es la excepción, donde los vecinos Nicaragua y Costa Rica plantan pasos comerciales transoceánicos independientes a tan sólo 50km entre ellos, con su línea fronteriza en medio de sus propuestas. Esto duplicaría los servicios y provocaría un impacto natural. Por lo que es pertinente plantear un proyecto unificado e integral, que logre una articulación de los sistemas y rompa con la segregación que genera en esta franja territorialmente sensible. Palabras clave: infraestructura, frontera, integración, canales. Bloque temático: Análisis y proyecto territorial.
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López de Ramos, Aura L., Ender Enrique Carrasquero-Carrasquero, Stephanie Romero, and Victry Rangel. "Caso de Estudio: Conformación de una red de investigadores en Panamá." In VI CONGRESO INVESTIGACIÓN, DESARROLLO E INNOVACIÓN DE LA UNIVERSIDAD INTERNACIONAL DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA. Universidad Internacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47300/978-9962-738-04-6-38.

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Las investigaciones cooperativas, representan un modelo de gestión que potencia de manera más eficiente los esfuerzos de investigación de las universidades de la región, en especial propiciando ciencia abierta, diplomacia científica e investigación traslacional. Este trabajo, presenta el caso de la Red de Investigación de la Asociación de Universidades Particulares de Panamá (REDIA), con el objetivo de ilustrar los resultados de la colaboración interinstitucional entre universidades en el ámbito de investigación a través de la creación de esta red, así como sus proyectos e iniciativas iniciales. La REDIA, surgió con el propósito de promover la investigación participativa y fue creada en el ámbito del 1er Congreso de Cultura Investigativa en la Educación Superior en Panamá (CIESP-2017). Como parte de las iniciativas, se realizó una convocatoria de miembros, permitiendo reportar que cuenta con 98 miembros clasificados en 60 investigadores consolidados, 32 investigadores noveles, 5 estudiantes de maestría, y 1 estudiante a nivel técnico o licenciatura. Estos miembros, están vinculados a 10 universidades panameñas y 9 países, correspondiendo por cantidad de afiliación a 69 de Panamá, 8 de Ecuador, 6 de Colombia, 4 de El Salvador, 3 de Venezuela, 2 de República Dominicana, 2 de Perú, 1 de Nicaragua y 2 de afiliación no declarada. Asimismo, se pude reportar, la producción investigativa inicial ya socializada en eventos científicos. Se concluye, que los resultados preliminares obtenidos, a partir del trabajo desarrollado por el REDIA confirman las ventajas de las acciones de cooperación y colaboración en los procesos de investigación y traslación del conocimiento.
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Reports on the topic "Law, nicaragua"

1

Spehar, Elizabeth. Las comisiones de paz en Nicaragua. Inter-American Development Bank, June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007810.

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La siguiente presentación intenta ilustrar el impacto del programa de apoyo a los esfuerzos de organización de las comunidades campesinas ubicadas en las zonas más conflictivas del país, en el centro y el norte de Nicaragua. Estas zonas, que comprenden lo que se ha llamado la frontera del conflicto o la nueva frontera agrícola, tienen especial significación para la pacificación y la institucionalización del país. En estas regiones se desarrolló la guerra de la década del ochenta y en estas regiones se asentaron luego los principales protagonistas de ese conflicto. Este documento fue presentada en el Foro de Convivencia y Seguridad Ciudadana que se realizó en San Salvador, El Salvador, del 2 al 4 de junio de 1998.
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Meza, Darlyn, Carlos Rondón, Gustavo Arcia, Emma Näslund-Hadley, and Renán Rápalo. Educación en Nicaragua: Retos y oportunidades. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009934.

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Nicaragua ha logrado importantes avances en la educación de los niños, en las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, a pesar de los avances, Nicaragua presenta importantes retos y desafíos para lograr que todos los niños y niñas en edad escolar tengan acceso a una buena educación. Este documento presenta los progresos del sector en las últimas décadas, su posicionamiento relativo a la región latinoamericana, y la política educativa seguida en los últimos años en términos de sus objetivos, metas y resultados. Nicaragua es el país de América Latina que cuenta con mayor porcentaje de niños fuera del sistema educativo y con las tasas más bajas de finalización tanto de la educación primaria como secundaria. Solamente cinco de cada diez niños completan la educación primaria. A la brecha de cobertura se aúnan las persistentes brechas en tasas de finalización y una baja calidad de los aprendizajes de los alumnos. Análisis de pruebas de aprendizajes nacionales muestran que los aprendizajes son: i) de baja calidad, ii) desiguales entre grupos socioeconómicos, y iii) inferiores respecto al resto de América Latina, y otros países comparables. En este contexto, la Nota identifica las bajas tasas de cobertura y finalización de la educación secundaria y los bajos aprendizajes como los principales desafíos educativos que enfrenta el país para promover la productividad y la equidad, y prioriza áreas de oportunidad estratégica de inversión.
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Tovar Díaz, Carlos. Normas de origen: Informe sobre Honduras y Nicaragua. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010167.

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Resulta importante entender las reglas de juego que imponen los Tratados de Libre Comercio y conocer las capacidades institucionales, públicas y privadas, para lidiar con dichas reglas. Con ese fin, el presente informe analiza las normas sobre el origen de las mercancías en Honduras y Nicaragua, destacando los retos y problemas que ambos países deberán enfrentar en la administración de dichas normas, y poniendo énfasis en la administración de normas de origen de productos agropecuarios. El informe destaca la existencia de tres potenciales problemas en la administración de dichos acuerdos (la existencia de más de una norma de origen para un mismo producto, las posibilidades de triangulación y la insuficiente capacidad verificadora de las aduanas de ambos países) y efectúa una serie de recomendaciones al respecto.
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García Zaballos, Antonio. Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en Nicaragua. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007646.

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El Gobierno de Nicaragua ha identificado las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) como un pilar clave de su estrategia para mejorar la gestión pública y aumentar la competitividad; sin embargo, se encuentra en desventaja comparativa en materia de inversión, activos y resultados respecto a otros países de la región y del mundo. Este documento de discusión presenta un argumento sobre el rol de las TIC en la agenda del desarrollo, describe un diagnóstico del estado actual de la penetración y uso de las TIC en Nicaragua, e identifica los principales retos y desafíos. El documento aborda el tema en un contexto comparativo regional y global, para facilitar la evaluación de la situación del país. A la vista de los datos y análisis presentados, se mencionan opciones de política que podría explorar el gobierno de Nicaragua para enfrentar los desafíos identificados en aspectos institucionales, regulatorios, de despliegue de infraestructuras y de generación de la demanda, mediante el desarrollo de servicios y aplicaciones que respondan a las necesidades y prioridades de individuos, empresas y el gobierno. El documento concluye con una serie de recomendaciones de política específicas que facilitarían la inserción del país en la economía digital.
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Membreño, Tomás. Universidad Estatal de Michigan, Nicaragua. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007319.

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Presentación que da a conocer los objetivos del proyecto, la distribución de Mercado y principales cultivos asistidos por PFID a los Productores. Asimismo, ofrece información detallada acerca de la organización del mercado del plátano.
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Gómez Sabaini, Juan C. Nicaragua: Desafíos para la modernización del sistema tributario. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010154.

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En un contexto donde Nicaragua enfrenta un fuerte desafío para mejorar el nivel de los ingresos tributarios y reducir la vulnerabilidad dada por la alta dependencia de los ingresos por donaciones y de las transferencias del exterior, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo central realizar un análisis sobre la situación tributaria del país y sugerir acciones de reforma. Para ello, primeramente se presenta una evolución y diagnóstico de la situación tributara del país remarcando la deuda social pendiente. A continuación se analiza la estructura impositiva y el comportamiento de los principales impuestos. También se discuten los efectos de la política tributaria sobre la distribución del ingreso. Por último se repasa la evolución global del sistema tributario y se ofrecen recomendaciones de reforma.
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Vodusek, Ziga, Alberto Daniel Barreix, Jaime Granados, and Erick Zeballos. Nicaragua: Inserción internacional en beneficio de la mayoría. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011957.

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Este documento brinda una perspectiva general y un análisis de los temas más importantes que enfrenta Nicaragua en su proceso de integración en la economía mundial y, al respecto, busca identificar los desafíos principales que el país enfrenta. También se hace referencia a las posibles acciones del Banco para apoyar el sector externo del país.
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Tovar Díaz, Carlos. Medidas de defensa comercial: Informe sobre Honduras y Nicaragua. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010164.

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El presente estudio se enmarca en el contexto de la reducción de las barreras arancelarias, a consecuencia de los distintos tratados de libre comercio (TLC) firmados por Honduras y Nicaragua durante los últimos años. Estos tratados imponen, en ambos países, una serie de retos a los sectores productivos que compiten con las importaciones beneficiadas con dicha reducción. Los distintos TLCs prevén una serie de acuerdos en materia de defensa comercial para reducir los efectos negativos en la industria doméstica del país importador. El presente documento analiza los acuerdos sobre medidas de defensa comercial en los países mencionados. Sobre la base de ese análisis, el informe destaca que la experiencia de ambos países en medidas de defensa comercial ha sido muy escasa, analizando los factores que podrían incidir en el número de casos registrados en ambos países. Por último, efectúa una serie de recomendaciones para mejorar la administración de las medidas de defensa comercial en ambos países.
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Millares, Enrique, Claudia Bustamante, Yolanda Vaccaro, Lourdes Díaz, Alejandro Pablo Taddia, and Elena De la Peña. Diagnóstico de seguridad vial 2013: Nicaragua. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006170.

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El BID publica una colección de informes de diagnósticos de seguridad vial para los países de América Latina y el Caribe. El objetivo del Banco es liderar un proceso de cambio que permita promover acciones de seguridad vial en la región para lograr la reducción permanente de los altos índices de siniestralidad vial.
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Espinosa Ferrando, Jaime, and Carlos Hernández Alvarez. Productividad de la inversión en salud de los hogares en Nicaragua. Inter-American Development Bank, June 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012009.

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El presente estudio muestra evidencias acerca de los determinantes del estado de salud de la población adulta de Nicaragua (entre 18 y 70 años) y sus efectos en la productividad de las personas económicamente activas, medida por la renta horaria que perciben con su trabajo. El estudio se basa en los datos recogidos por la Encuesta Nacional de Nivel de Vida realizada en 1993 en la cual se encontraron además de las conocidas dificultades de medición del estado de salud (por su carácter endógeno y las persistentes dificultades en su medida), otros problemas derivados de la calidad de los datos por errores en los instrumentos de recolección, digitación y procesamiento primario de la base de datos.
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