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1
Olomola, A. O. "Town planning law and administration in Nigeria : A critique of the Nigerian town and country planning law." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378834.
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Gbem, Annastacia Aver. "Air law in Nigeria : problems and prospects." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44057.pdf.
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Nkomadu, Obinna Emmanuel. "Maritime piracy legislation for Nigeria." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14046.
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As a result of maritime piracy attacks in the Gulf of Guinea, especially in the West Africa sub-region, off the coast of Nigeria the researcher started carrying out research in 2014 on the laws pertaining to piracy. In this regard Nigeria does not have the legal framework to effectively address the threat of piracy off its coast but a Bill entitled: “Piracy and Other Unlawful Acts at Sea (and Other Related Offences) Act” has been forwarded to the Nigerian National Assembly in order to criminalise ‘piracy and other unlawful acts at sea’. For this reason, the researcher deems it necessary to examine the provisions of the Bill to determine whether it is adequate to address the threat of piracy or whether there is a need to reform or improve it. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the Bill will never achieve the purpose for which it was drafted as the legal framework on piracy of the Bill has many limitations which makes it easier for perpetrators to escape punishment. In order to achieve the goal of this Bill, the researcher deemed it necessary to contribute by drafting maritime piracy legislation for Nigeria that effectively addresses the threat of piracy off its coast, relying on the preparatory work for UNCLOS and other global, continental and regional instruments relevant to maritime piracy. Relied upon also are comparative analyses of piracy legal system of Anglophone African States and Nigerian legislation. This draft legislation amends the limitations of the Bill and is in accordance with legal notions of piracy which emerge from the combination of the principles of criminal and international law.
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Marong, Alhagi. "The role of law in sustainable development : a case study of the petroleum industry in Nigeria." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19479.
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The giant Pascua Au-Ag-Cu high-sulphidation system is located in the El Indio belt in north-central Chile, and is hosted mainly by Triassic granitic rocks and locally by Miocene breccia bodies. Hydrothermal activity involved two distinct high-sulphidation alteration stages, the later of which was accompanied by main stage mineralization. The early hydrothermal activity consisted of extensive and pervasive advanced argillic alteration, local development of vuggy silica and distal argillic to propylitic alteration. This alteration was locally overprinted by an intermediate stage comprising argillic alteration, silicification and primary jarosite, more or less contemporaneously with the formation of Brecha Central, the main breccia body in the deposit. The superimposed second major hydrothermal event produced significant advanced argillic and vuggy silica alteration. The latter likely formed at pH near 0 owing to the limited buffering capacity of previously altered rocks. Termination of the second stage of alteration coincided with the main Au-Ag-Cu mineralizing event, in which Au dissolved in pyrite and enargite, formed inclusions in these minerals, and precipitated as isolated grains of native gold. Detailed EPMA and SIMS imaging and analyses of pyrite and enargite show that both contain Au, Ag, As, Cu, Se and Te and that their distribution is crystallographically controlled. The main trace element associations in the mineralized pyrite are As-Ag, Au-Cu and Se-Te. I suggest that the first two, As-Ag and Au-Cu, were the result of coupled substitution in the Fe site, whereas Te and Se replace S by direct anion exchange. The nature of the coupled substitutions observed in the gold-bearing pyrite underlines the fact that gold is not necessarily coupled with arsenic as previously thought and that arsenic can behave as a metal in the structure of pyrite. Approximately 55% of the gold in the deposit was scavenged from mineralizing fluids that were mainly under-saturated with respect to native gold and trapped into the structure of pyrite and enargite (50 and 5%, respectively). The remaining 45%, including - 7% as inclusions in sulphides, precipitated mainly in the form of native gold with lesser calaverite for which the gold depositional mechanism is interpreted to be an increase in pH that destabilized AuHS and AuCb". Substantial late-stage Ag-enrichment, characterized by halogen-bearing phases, is evident in the upper parts of the deposit and overprints previous alteration and mineralization. The silver enrichment event is interpreted to represent the waning stage of the hydrothermal system. Secondary leaching and weathering of pyrite, enargite and alunite created two supergene products, one dominated by secondary soluble sulphates such as voltaite, massive coquimbite, chalcanthite, and romerite, and one by jarosite. Abundant sulphides in vuggy silica altered rocks, which lacked the capacity to neutralize later oxidizing fluids, were the main locus of formation of the soluble sulphates. Elsewhere, the pH likely rose above 1, which inhibited precipitation of soluble sulphates and favoured formation of jarosite. Direct-ion SIMS images and trace element analyses of soluble sulphates indicate that these minerals likely contain gold in their structures.
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Sani, Sani Baba. "The regulatory environment for foreign investments in Nigeria." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12969.
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Includes bibliographical references.Foreign investment is one of the key elements of economic development in Nigeria. Yet the process of regulating it is challenging and problematic, particularly in the northern parts of Nigeria where people prefer informal investments and tend to ignore the necessary laws governing investments. Today in Nigeria as in most African countries, there are many investors, most of them from Asia, who are very insensitive to the rule of law. They invest and carry out business in Nigeria and particularly northern Nigeria often in breach of investment laws. Nigerian investment regulatory laws were made to provide security and protection of investors’ interests, but these laws are ignored due to their technicality. There is no doubt that the regulatory environment for investment will work better and more securely when there is a system of compliance. The dissertation will focus on the theoretical and practical analysis of investment security laws in Nigeria, and not the root of investment as a concept itself which is beyond the scope of this work.
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Akinlabi, Oluwagbenga Michael. "Policing in a Lawless Society: A Study of Police Legitimacy and Procedural Justice in Nigeria." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/368175.
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This thesis makes a number of contributions to the literature on procedural justice and police legitimacy. It does so using a sample of respondents from Nigeria. It explores whether public perceptions of procedural justice are more or less influential than perceptions of police effectiveness in determining whether police will be perceived as legitimate, and by extension, foster people’s self-reported willingness to voluntary comply with the law and cooperate with police.
Studies mostly from US, UK, and Australia strongly suggest police legitimacy as a mediating factor between perceptions of procedural justice and self-reported law-abiding behaviour (such as compliance with the law and willingness to cooperate with police). However, this perspective contradicts findings from Africa; here, studies show that police are most likely to engender legitimacy or motivate compliance related behaviour when the police are perceived to be effective in crime control, use sanction, and threats of force. The findings of the current thesis support both perspectives.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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Sodiq, Yushau. "Islamic Law in Zamfara State of Nigeria: Success or Failure." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 2011. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,201.
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Omo-Eboh, Omogbai I. "Insurance law in Nigeria with particular reference to legislative intervention." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1181/.
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Insurance affects a substantial number of the Nigerian population who take out insurance cover for protection against fortuitous risks or as a form of financial investment and security. This has led to a growing insurance industry in Nigeria. Over the years, a number of common law principles developed in the English courts have been adopted and applied by courts in Nigeria in the settlement of disputes arising from insurance contracts. Certain aspects of these principles and insurance practice are in need of reform as they tend to defeat the expectation of insurance consumers. As such, the legal principles have undergone significant statutory reforms in different countries including Nigeria. It is against this background that the thesis examines some aspects of the common law principles as applied in Nigeria and the impact which indigenous enactments and recent statutory reforms have on them. The work, though not primarily intended as a comparative study, draws from the approach to insurance reform in other common law countries, and recommendations on further reform in Nigeria are made where appropriate. The thesis is mainly directed at the protection of the insured and potential insured, an aspect of what is often known as consumer protection in insurance contracts. Thus, it is those aspects of the law affecting the insured that are mainly examined. These include the formation and documentation of insurance contracts, the role of insurance intermediaries, and the law governing warranties, conditions, non-disclosure and misrepresentations in insurance. The work concludes with an examination of judicial control and governmental regulation of insurance.
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Efunkoya, Adeola Adefunke. "Agricultural sector: the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the creation of an integrated agriculture sector in Nigeria." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7046_1256021947.
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This research recommended ways in which Nigeria could unlock constraints to commercialization and investment in the Nigerian agricultural sector for sustained economic growth, enhanced food security, increased competitiveness of products in the domestic, regional and international markets, sustainable environmental management and poverty alleviation.
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Mustapha, Mala. "State, conflict and political economy of oil in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2013. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/10966/.
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This thesis explores the nature, cause and dynamics of the conflict in the oil-rich Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The region has become a hot spot for increased oil insurgency and well-organized criminal activity in the wake of the 1999 transition to democratic rule. The main contribution of this study lies in its use of the political economy theory of the state and the post-colonial characterization of the Nigerian state to analyse and explore specific role of the Nigerian state in the oil conflict. The research critiques past studies in the field as “grand narratives” based on assumptions of international political economy of resource conflicts not least the rentier state and resource curse theses. Through a case study of the state-owned oil industry the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and Vanguard Newspaper representing a section of the media the thesis problematized the oil conflict in the Niger Delta to failure of democratization to address decades of conflict, politicization of ethnicity, descent to terminal spoils via oil bunkering and flaws in the country’s federalism. The study critically interrogates the legal/institutional as well as militaristic response of the state to the conflict as state-centric and factors spurring the conflict. The findings reveal that the conflict is rooted in factors affecting the control, management and distribution of oil resources by a centralized federal structure characterized by a failure of governance. In other words, the conflict dynamics of the Delta is explained by total failure of oil-wealth to foster development. Instead, it impedes political development, generates conflict over resource distribution, fuels ethnic conflict and fragmentation, and institutionalized corruption all spawned by rise in government oil largesse. Since the return of democracy in 1999, lack of genuine democratization in Nigeria, has crippled even nascent attempts at reform resulting to socio-economic stagnation, which relates directly to the rising trend of violence in the region. One of the key contributions of the study also is through an analysis of “illegal oil bunkering” as an empirical case of how legal/institutional failure of the state to response to the crisis and a reflection of descent to terminal spoil in the Nigerian oil industry led to spoils of oil violence. The research critically examines how oil bunkering has damaged the environment through oil spillage and contributes to proliferation of small arms and light weapons in the region. Finally, the thesis also suggests that, the potential solution to the Niger Delta crisis lies in governance and constitutional reform that focuses on correcting the structural imbalances embedded in the nature of Nigerian fiscal federalism, its revenue allocation formula and to effectively fight corruption at all levels of governance. The Nigerian state should also abrogate or review specific oil-related laws that serve as a fault-line of conflict with the oil producing communities. Failure to tackle this problem will allow the self-destructive cycle of violence to continue to undermine reform initiatives and perpetuate the region’s instability.
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Monye, Ogochukwu Fidelia. "Rethinking the legal and institutional framework for digital financial inclusion in Nigeria." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33857.
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About 1.7 billion people globally and 36.8 per cent of Nigerians have no access to financial services due to reasons such as distance, financial illiteracy, irregular income, unemployment and account ineligibility. Justifications for the research include the scale of financial exclusion, the proven capacity of financial inclusion to lift people out of poverty, the need for tailored regulatory policies and the opportunity to harness the value and ubiquity of digital financial services (DFS) for the financially excluded. This research examines the broad question: how suitable are the enabling laws and institutions for digital financial services in Nigeria for addressing the needs of the financially excluded? In considering this broad question, the reasons as to why many Nigerians remain financially excluded, in spite of the abundance of regulatory initiatives, are addressed. Using a combination of doctrinal and empirical methods, the burden of accessing financial services is highlighted, strategies for financial inclusion are considered and options for suitable legal and institutional frameworks are explored. In summary, financial inclusion is broadly discussed in chapter one, while a law and development theoretical and analytical framework is constructed in chapter two. Chapter three examines the legal and institutional framework for financial inclusion in Nigeria while the barriers to financial access are discussed in chapter four. The empirical component of the research is analysed in chapter five, and chapter six considers the impact and prospects of eight new and emerging technologies on financial inclusion. The thesis concludes with recommendations and conclusions in chapter seven. Research results indicate that the path to financial inclusion in Nigeria is characterised by a myriad of laws, slow DFS adoption rates, a bank-centred regulatory model and a wide disparity in the pattern of inclusion across gender and geographical locations. Transaction costs remain high and cash is still king. Recommendations such as adopting a more consumer-centred approach to regulation, permitting alternative providers for on-boarding and adapting laws and regulatory policies tailored to the needs of the excluded are made. Additionally, it is recommended that increased financial literacy and transactional capacity are needed to harness digital financial services. It is expected that the findings of this research will inform regulatory changes that will enable a methodical migration of more of the financially excluded class into the formal finance sector.
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Eniola, Abimbola. "A comparative analysis of shareholders' appraisal rights in Nigeria and South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31504.
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First, this study stems from the urge to bring clarity as to whether, in Nigeria, there is a statutory framework based on which shareholders can seek appraisal in relation to their shares at any point in time. This is significant in that the corporate statutes in both South Africa and Nigeria provide for similar mechanisms for the protection of minority shareholders in almost every respect including the prejudicial and oppression remedy, derivative actions, squeeze-outs and so on, excepting the appraisal rights. Whilst there is clarity as to the existence of the appraisal remedy provision in South Africa’s corporate statute, the same cannot be said of Nigeria’s corporate statute. Consequently, the primary goal of this study is to identify if there is a framework for the exercise of appraisal remedy in Nigeria’s corporate statute. In carrying out this study, this dissertation examines the various components of the appraisal right provision in South Africa in detail. This helps to provide an understanding around the structure and the rationale behind a standard appraisal right provision. It is based on this understanding that certain pre-identified provisions in Nigeria’s corporate statutes will be investigated with a view to identifying potential statutory framework bearing semblance to South Africa’s appraisal right provision.
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Aluko, Adebowale. "Towards a more effective legal framework for investor-state arbitration in Nigeria." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33622.
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There has been a backlash against the Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) system in recent times. Amongst other complaints, critics have argued that the ISDS whittles down the regulatory powers of states in favour of private adjudicators. These criticisms are premised on the fact that unlike commercial arbitration, investment arbitration awards may have far reaching effects on states. In response to these concerns, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Working Group III and other similar bodies have been tasked to carry out reforms to address some of these issues. In spite of ongoing reforms, criticisms have continued with some countries abandoning the investor-state arbitration mechanism altogether. In Nigeria, the state of crisis in the judiciary has necessitated the need for a viable alternative to litigation. The ISDS framework therefore remains the preferrable option for the resolution of investment disputes. There have been recent attempts to amend the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 11 of 1988. Also, the Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission recently announced plans to reform the country's investment law framework. It is in the light of these developments that this research has been undertaken to examine the flaws in Nigeria's investment arbitration framework and reforms that may be introduced to address them. In making a case for the retention of the ISDS framework in Nigeria, this study critiques Nigeria's investment arbitration framework and explores a number of recommendations towards addressing current challenges. It is argued that the proposed solutions will improve the effectiveness of Nigeria's investment arbitration framework especially with respect to the legal framework for the consent of the Nigerian government to ICSID arbitration and in the area of court assisted measures and post-arbitral award litigation.
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Opata, Chukwudiebube Bede Abraham. "Telecommunications law and regulation in Nigeria : a study of universal service provision." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/35531/.
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This thesis undertakes an analysis of the law pertaining to the regulation of telecommunications in Nigeria generally and more specifically with regards to the extension of access to telecommunications services to unserved and underserved persons and areas in Nigeria. The study is situated in the context of privatisation and liberalisation reform of the Nigerian telecommunications sector. It addresses the question of how to extend access to telecommunications services in Nigeria to unserved and underserved persons and areas. This question is researched by focusing on the sector regulator the Nigerian Communications Commission and analysing the mechanisms, ranging from licensing to interconnection to universal service provision and the National Rural Telecommunication Programme, that have been deployed in the past to achieve this objective to ascertain how these may be improved to ensure that as many persons and areas as possible have access to telecommunications services. The issue of securing the accountability of the regulator responsible for the deployment of these access extension mechanisms is also addressed. The research identifies the main international influences on the development of the Nigerian regulatory framework and shows the country’s ability to borrow from a number of sources while adapting and refining the borrowed rules to solve Nigerian problems. The thesis makes a contribution to knowledge in at least three material ways. It is, to the best of my knowledge, the first work on the legal framework for the regulation of telecommunications in Nigeria after the enactment of the Communications Act 2003. Secondly, it is also the first work that I am aware of which analyses issues of access to telecommunications services using a variety of regulatory mechanism as opposed to focusing on universal access and universal service alone. Finally it presents a positive illustration of a successful outcome of globalisation of rules, specifically the transposition or transplantation of specific legal rules in the economic context of a developing African country.
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Babalakin, B. O. "The supreme court and constitutional developments in Nigeria (1960-1985)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383050.
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Nwangwu, George Anachebe. "A risk based approach to enhancing public-private partnership (PPP) projects in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8600.
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This thesis investigated the sources of the problems with Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects in Nigeria. The reason for this enquiry is as a result of the multitude of problems threatening the collapse of most of the concluded projects. Therefore, against the backdrop that proper risk management is the most critical success factor for PPPs, the thesis evaluated how risks have been allocated and mitigated in the projects concluded thus far in Nigeria. This is premised on the basic assumption that if risks are better managed, that it would result in enhanced projects. Having determined that political risk, demand risk and stakeholder opposition risk were the most prominent risk factors affecting PPPs in Nigeria, three case studies were used to evaluate how these risks have been handled. The projects are the 26 ports concessions, the Murtala Muhammed Airport terminal 2 (MMA2) BOT project and the Lekki toll road concession. It is believed that the lessons learnt from these studies will provide a tool for policy reforms leading to more successful projects. Also, by adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the thesis ensures that its findings and recommendations may easily be generalised across other projects, economic sectors, and disciplines and even to other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, since these countries share the same socio-economic conditions with Nigeria.
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Ogiamien, Tony Bestman Emokpae. "The legal aspects and implications of artificial conception services in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235790.
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Martins, Babajide Olumuyiwa. "Cultural jurisprudence : an account of good governance and rule of law in Nigeria." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2016. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/219/.
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The search for good governance in Nigeria is premised on the need to ensure that the resources of the state are well managed and used for the welfare of all Nigerian citizens. This thesis draws on the paradigms of good governance and articulates their applicability to the Nigerian political and cultural context. Having set out the theoretical background of this work in cultural jurisprudence, we contextualise our notion of social justice as an important mechanism for the actualization of good governance. The notion of good governance has an international context from the perspective of the World Bank and other international bodies. We undertake a critique of the international benchmark and make a case for good governance, founded on social justice. We also examine how to realise its ideal in the dispensation of governmental powers by the elected political elites, and in fulfilment of the hopes and aspirations of the citizens. We attempt to justify the adoption of cultural jurisprudence for the analysis of good governance in the context of the cultural ideals of Nigerian communities. In this regard, we acknowledge the patriarchal nature of Nigerian society and the problems it engenders. This affords us the opportunity to articulate the importance of socio-cultural values, a sense of belonging and national allegiance to the state regardless of ethnic inclinations or kinship loyalty. This is important because of the need to provide a paradigm shift that will align with international benchmark in the criteria for evaluation of good governance that reflects the cultural and political history of Nigeria in particular and that of Africa in general. International donors and bodies measure good governance by certain indicators that overlook the particular historical and colonial history of African countries and the challenges they face in dealing with the issues of governance. We engage a critic of good governance indicators which fails to take cognizance of the social economic peculiarities of Nigeria.
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Ikeora, May N. "Interstate cooperation and anti-trafficking : assessing existing approaches between Nigeria and the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Hull, 2010. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8602.
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Even though it is over a century since the abolition of transatlantic slavery, people are still sold as commodities in the form of human trafficking, to be exploited for sexual services, cheap labour, domestic servitude and other emerging forms of contemporary slavery. Human Trafficking (Hereafter, Trafficking) is a transnational human rights violation that has generated renewed global attention over the last decade. Its prominence has placed the issue at the top of growing political agendas for both national governments and anti-trafficking agencies at various levels. In an effort to address the issue, the anti-trafficking regime has given rise to the 3Ps (Prevention, Protection and Prosecution) as foci areas through which states can cooperate towards tackling this modern-day slavery. Despite the measures put in place to tackle the problem including the enactment of relevant international anti-trafficking laws, the issue continues unabated due to the inadequacies of some of the approaches adopted to deal with the issue. Subsequently, these limitations have also impacted on the extent to which states have cooperated within the issue area. This thesis is founded on the premise that human rights violations are the major causes and consequences of trafficking and that the anti-trafficking measures will continue to fall short until the concerns of those whom it intends to protect are placed at the forefront of current approaches. Whilst a rights-based approach is still giving rise to burgeoning amount of literature within the anti-trafficking discourse, this study contends that it can only be proficient, if it is broadened to cover the diverse nature and interpretations of human trafficking across various cultural traditions that often transcends legality. Hence, this thesis introduces a human-centred approach to surpass the objective of human rights in this context. It is emphasised that the adopting of such a ‗beyond law‘ approach during interaction amongst states can be useful to international cooperation in this instance. Using a case study of trafficking between Nigeria and the UK, this research sheds more light on the contextual nature of trafficking that warrants better intervention including how both states have cooperated in this regard. Ongoing socio-economic and political factors within Nigeria and the UK are crucial to understanding the modus operandi (MO) of human trafficking. Furtherance to the MO, the extent to which both countries have addressed the current realities of the problem across their territories, in terms of internalizing anti-trafficking measures and operationalizing their 2004 bilateral cooperation is also analysed. This thesis concludes that anti-trafficking approaches needs to move on from those which are currently identified with the political interest of states to one geared towards achieving the best outcomes for those at risk/victims/survivors of trafficking.
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Anidi, Ugochinyelu Chikodili Nerissa. "Towards the institutionalization of divorce mediation in Nigeria: a case study of Enugu State." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32443.
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Nigerian divorce laws and the divorce litigation process pose severe psychological, social-cultural, economic, and legal problems for families going through divorce in Nigeria. This thesis argues that divorce mediation may be able to ameliorate the harsh effects of these laws and process. This thesis seeks to achieve the following objectives: (1) To determine if the divorce mediation process can achieve the goals of a good divorce process, (2) To determine if the divorce mediation process can provide solutions to the myriad of unique problems which face families going through divorce in Nigeria, and (3) To determine the possibility of incorporating divorce mediation into the family dispute resolution system in Nigeria through an institutionalized divorce mediation program at the government-funded citizens' mediation centres. These objectives are achieved through an in-depth review of the customary and statutory laws regulating marriage and divorce in Nigeria as well as a review of the divorce litigation process in Nigeria. This thesis employs both desk and empirical research methods. It examines legislation, policy documents and academic treatises on divorce and divorce mediation. It also utilizes semistructured interviews to examine the Citizens' Rights and Mediation Centre, Enugu State, to determine its viability as a vehicle for the institutionalization of divorce mediation in Nigeria. The thesis finds that indeed divorce mediation achieves the aims of good divorce law. It further finds that while the divorce mediation process is not a panacea, its features lend themselves easily to the resolution of the myriad of problems which face families going through divorce in Nigeria. It also finds that divorce mediation can be incorporated into the Nigerian family dispute resolution system through an institutionalized divorce mediation program at the state-funded citizens' mediation centres present in several states in the country. It concludes that incorporating divorce mediation into the family dispute resolution system in Nigeria will ameliorate some of the harsh effects of the current divorce system. It offers short and long term proposals for the institutionalization of divorce mediation in Nigeria.
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Zakariyah, Luqman. "Applications of legal maxims in Islamic criminal law with speciual reference to Shariah law in northern Nigeria (1999 - 2007)." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504249.
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Adetoro, David Oluwadare. "Competition policy and resource utilization : challenging implications for economic development in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/950/.
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The starting point for this thesis is the established position that in free economies, by protecting the operation of demand and supply, competition law and policy (i) maximizes consumer welfare and consumer satisfaction, better than by (a) government controls and regulation or (b) unregulated competition, and (ii) contributes to economic growth and development. Competition is assumed to apply as a necessity, equally to developed as well as developing economies, with Nigeria taken as a proxy for resource-dependent developing economies. The contents of the thesis are underpinned by the question: what is the extent to which competition law and policy could be employed to promote the efficient allocation of resources in resource-dependent developing economies? The submitted views are partly based on an analysis of the objectives of competition law and policy, for determining whether resource-dependent countries have peculiar problems, and if the answer is in the affirmative, whether the general standards in competition policy are sufficient to address them. This analytic approach is the same as the one underlying the draft Federal Competition Bill (FCB) in Nigeria, as an example of an appropriate competition instrument in a resource-dependent country. The thesis examines some of the standards in the United States of America (USA) and European Union (EU) competition policies, such as those concerning agreements, abuse of dominant position and mergers, to determine whether the same rules could apply in all economic regimes, and which competition model could be best adopted by resource-dependent developing countries, with Nigeria as an example. Competition standards and both primary and secondary competition problems that could distort the process of competition, as well as constraints which may emerge in the competition process in developing countries are explored. Some of these, as problems, include the issue of ‘resource curse’, rent seeking, corruption, abusive business practices and a few others. Their examination is in the thesis aligned with the scrutiny of the characteristics of developing countries in contrast to developed countries; again, the economic circumstances of Nigeria, as a proxy for resource-dependent developing countries, are considered for determining whether competition law and policy could be used as a tool for addressing competition problems that may exist in resource-dependent developing countries. The conclusions of the thesis underline the types of economic problems for which competition law and policy, with the economic development of resource-dependent developing countries in mind, could be used to address, especially restrictive trade practices, abuse of dominant position and mergers that could substantially lessen competition. Furthermore, the (even if limited) role of regulation is argued, that is, in the face of any expected limitations of competition in certain sectors of an economy undergoing liberalization in the wake of current international merger waves. Not least the importance of establishing a competition agency to administer and enforce it is underlined, that is, independently from the influence of the government. It is argued that for the draft FCB in Nigeria to become an appropriate competition instrument, the power and mandate of the Federal Competition Commission must be reviewed, with sufficient powers for the task, also for promoting the wide objectives anchored in the draft Bill. It is also pointed out that competition cannot on its own directly resolve, in Nigeria, the peculiar socio-economic problems such as rent seeking and corruption, but it is argued that with an active engagement of competition advocacy, along with the adequate implementation of competition law and policy, the problems could be greatly reduced. The thesis highlights, among other recommendations, the need for further research on competition problems relating to resource-dependent countries.
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Uzoechi, Kenneth. "Corporate personality and abuses : a comparative analysis of UK and Nigeria laws." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59929/.
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This thesis provides a comparative analysis of the problems of fraud and the abuse of the corporate form under UK and Nigerian company laws. The twin doctrines of separate legal personality and limited liability for members shield shareholders and directors from personal liability for the debts of the company with far reaching implications for creditors and wider society. Although this position is not immutable as demonstrated in Salomon v Salomon, an analysis of case law and statute within the general rubric of ‘lifting the veil’ or ‘piercing the veil’ in the two jurisdictions reveals that veil piercing approaches have for several reasons remained fundamentally flawed. There is no coherent principle upon which the courts may find exceptional circumstances to impose liability on shareholders and directors. Veil piercing approaches have been premised on loss allocation analysis and used only as a means to discard limited liability. No effort has been made to deny controlling shareholders and directors the benefits derived from fraud, an omission that is detrimental to the interest of creditors and thus demonstrates the need for a new approach. This thesis therefore argues that gains made by fraudulent shareholders or directors constitute an unjustified enrichment which must be disgorged for distribution to creditors. To this end, the thesis proposes a ‘responsible corporate personality model’ which gives the creditors wider rights of action to initiate claims against corporate controllers to deny or prevent wrongful benefits or proceeds of unjust enrichment when the company is insolvent or approaching insolvency. The model addresses questions such as the role of constructive trust in combating fraud, tracing, fraudulent transfer of company’s assets to third parties and obstacles imposed by the requirement of fiduciary relationship. It supports the approach to unjust enrichment, suggesting lessons for both the UK and Nigeria in order to preserve equity and prevent improper conduct of corporate controllers. A key argument is that the responsible corporate model can address certain socio-economic peculiarities of Nigeria and similar developing countries.
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Yemisi, Olorunfemi Doreen. "The information behaviour of law students in Nigerian universities." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1418.
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Library and Information Science) in the Department of Information Studies at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2014Information seeking skills are important for students who are preparing to embark on information intensive professions such as the legal profession. Despite law libraries being available in all the Nigerian universities offering law as an undergraduate programme, law students generally do not seem interested in making optimal use of the available facilities and sources to find relevant information for their studies and to prepare them for their chosen career. Though many information behaviour studies relating to students do exist it is important to establish how and why students, especially those who have to rely on information to perform their duties as legal practitioners, seek for information and how they use the available information facilities and services to satisfy their information needs. The specific objectives of this study were to: investigate the information behaviour of law students in Nigerian university law libraries, determine the purposes for which law students retrieve information in Nigerian university law libraries, investigate the library information resources available to law students in Nigerian university law libraries, examine how law students utilise information resources in university law libraries, specifically ICT resources, determine the challenges faced by law students in the use of law library electronic resources and other law sources in the process of information retrieval in Nigerian university law libraries, provide recommendations for improving law library systems in Nigerian universities and to develop a theoretical model that suits the information seeking behaviour of law students in Nigerian university law libraries. The research paradigm followed a positivism and interpretive perspective using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study adopted a survey research design. The study targeted all the law students in Nigerian universities. Out of the 30 universities offering law as a course of study in Nigeria, a total of 12 universities were chosen for the study namely: Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma; Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti; Imo State University, Owerri; Kogi State University, Anyigba; Nasarawa State University, Keffi; Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye; Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife; University of Benin, Benin; University of Calabar, Calabar; University of Ibadan, Ibadan; University of Ilorin, Ilorin: and University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus. From the 12 chosen universities, 1,534 law students were randomly selected; this represents the sample for the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire, an interview and observation methods. The findings revealed that the surveyed law students generally exhibited a positive attitude towards patronage of law libraries, and that printed information sources are the main information sources utilised by respondents in law libraries. Digital libraries found in the law libraries were found not to be optimally used. Reasons given were the unavailability and inaccessibility of computers and the lack of Internet connectivity. The majority of the respondents indicated that they possessed the ICT skills required to search for information using electronic information resources in the law libraries. The Internet facilities provided in the law library where only used by 33% of the respondents when it was necessary to find academic related information. An ability test showed that only 47% of the respondents tested had the Internet skills to effectively retrieve applicable information sources/databases on the Internet. It was revealed that access to ICT facilities in the law libraries was poor, and the existing electronic libraries and other sources like the Internet and law databases were underutilised by the surveyed law students for a variety of reasons, such as a lack of access to the electronic law libraries, lack of ICT resources, or the fact that the existing ICT sources were not intended for law students’ use. Observations showed that only three law libraries provided access to law databases out of the twelve law libraries. Other challenges identified concerning the use of the law libraries included: erratic power supply; Internet connectivity problems; slow downloading speed; non-subscription to law databases; lack of qualified staff to manage and maintain the electronic law libraries; inadequate amount of computers for student utilisation; unhelpful library staff; and inadequate funding to provide quality ICT resources in the universities’ law libraries. The study recommended that law students should be allowed access to all law library resources and be provided with current and relevant library sources, electronic sources and ICT equipment that will encourage them to frequent the law libraries and use its information resources. Additionally, the libraries need adequate support and enough funds to facilitate the purchase of current legal material; upgrade ICT equipment; subscribe to legal databases; upgrade Internet connectivity; and improve their power supply. The study also recommended that library sources (print and electronic) should be aggressively advertised to attract students’ attention and more library orientation and ICT training courses should be provided..
Nigerian Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFUND)
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Omuoreh, U. "International law and the human rights of migrant workers in Africa with particular reference to Nigeria." Thesis, University of Essex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.232993.
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Ewelukwa, Nnaemeka Onyebuchi. "Actualising economic development through privatisation legal reform : a general assessment of privatisation in Africa with a specific case study of Nigeria and sub focus on the Nigerian electricity sector." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/550.
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This dissertation analysed the outcome of the adoption and implementation of privatisation by Nigeria, of which a legal framework has been put in place by the government to legalise the process of transferring the ownership and/or control of public enterprises to private entrepreneurs with a view to facilitating economic development in the country. Many other African countries have pursued similar reform paths with similar objectives and the thesis undertakes a general analysis of the outcome of adopting and implementing privatisation within the continent. Within Nigeria, the proposed power sector privatisation is specifically analysed. The dissertation focuses on the economic development outcome of privatisation, which encompasses key benefits that have been attributed to privatisation including the beneficial impact of privatisation on the public sector as well as the privatised enterprises, privatisation’s contribution to overall private sector development, the benefit of privatisation to the citizens of the country and finally privatisation’s usefulness as a conduit for beneficial foreign investment inflow to the country. These benefits are viewed collectively, of which achieving some of them at the expense of others may not augur well for broad based economic development in Nigeria specifically or Africa in general. Using the analytical framework created in the thesis, various issues that have adversely affected the full realisation of these key economic development benefits and created a gap between the policy objectives behind privatisation law and the reality of implementation were analysed. The approach of International Financial Institutions (IFIs) (specifically the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund) to privatisation was also considered in the thesis owing to the fact that they have had some influence in its adoption and implementation in Nigeria, and Africa more broadly. Privatisation entails more than just legal reform, thus, the research is interdisciplinary in nature and principally touches on legal issues, public policy issues and issues pertaining to economic development, including social issues.
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Ikpokonte, Felicia Enoch. "The application of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in the resolution of electoral disputes: Nigeria in perspective." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29743.
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This dissertation explores the functionality of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) as an effective mechanism in Electoral Dispute Resolution (EDR) in Nigeria. It considers the evolution and application of ADR in Nigeria as well as the merits and successes of ADR in EDR to assess the essentiality and suitability of ADR in EDR in Nigeria. It also examines the Nigerian electoral dispute setting and international trends in the application of ADR in EDR to determine the practicability of ADR in EDR in Nigeria. The dissertation finds that although the utilisation of ADR is desirable and suitable in EDR in Nigeria, the utilisation of ADR in EDR is not formally endorsed in Nigeria. Furthermore, the current Nigerian sociopolitical atmosphere is not conducive for the efficient application of ADR in EDR. This notwithstanding, research indicates that the adoption of a wide-ranging approach, which entails structural, legislative, institutional, political, attitudinal and socio-economic reforms, would ensure the achievement of the efficient utilisation of ADR in EDR in Nigeria. This dissertation therefore concludes that, despite the present unfavourable condition, ADR can be an efficient mechanism in EDR in Nigeria, given an enabling environment.
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Umejesi, Ikechukwu. "Land use, compensational justice and energy resource extraction in Nigeria: a socio-historical study of petroleum and coal mining communities." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/344.
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Scholarly and public analyses of state-community conflict in resource-rich communities, especially in Nigeria, often portray the compensational practices of the state and extractive enterprises as unjust and unsustainable. According to this view, at least three issues foreground the “unjustness”, namely: a) Inadequate compensation of land owners when land is expropriated or degraded in the process of natural resource exploration and production; b) inadequate periodic rents paid by extractive firms to land owners; and c) lack of, or inadequate socio-economic infrastructure in the host communities of extractive operations. Most analysts have therefore argued for a revamp of the compensation system and have presented the inadequacy of compensation as the underlying cause of conflict in Nigeria‟s mining communities (see Frynas, 2000b:208; Okoji, 2002:205). This thesis subjects the compensation discourse to a closer examination, especially against the backdrop of underdevelopment, pervasive poverty, environmental damage and continuing corporate-community conflict in Nigeria‟s resource-rich rural communities. The main argument is that, because of some of its underlying neoliberal assumptions, much of the compensation discourse is flawed – which is why the discourse obscures the true character of state-community and corporate-community conflict. This more so, because the discourse relies mainly on post-colonial (that is, post-1960) experiences and contemporary advocacy literature, ignores the interplay between history and contemporary developments in state-community relations, and treats compensation as an independent variable. Drawing on the concept of collective memory, and utilising historical, ethnographic and survey data from two of Nigeria‟s oldest petroleum and coal-mining communities, the thesis examines how the evolution of the Nigerian state and collective memory about aspects of that evolution have shaped state-community relations in the extractive sector. It situates state- iii community resource-related conflict within the wider socio-historical matrix of state and community contestations for ecological and natural resource sovereignty. The key finding of the thesis is that within the context of socio-ecological rights, compensation demands by local communities are textured. In the case of the communities selected for the study, such demands are often made outside, rather than within, local ethnographic ideas of “justness” and “fairness”. Hence, land-related grievances associated with natural resource extraction persist, regardless of whether or not local demands for compensation are “adequately” met by the state and extractive corporations. The thesis enriches and extends our understanding of natural resource conflict by privileging both the sociological and historical contexts of the conflict and raising questions about the dominance the state enjoys over local communities and indigenous ecological spaces.
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Oyakhire, Suzzie Onyeka. "Developing a legal and institutional framework for witness protection in Nigeria: reflections from international perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32319.
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'Witness protection' has been introduced in the criminal justice systems of several states worldwide as a recognised tool for facilitating the cooperation of witnesses and ensuring that concerns about their safety are not ignored. Although not a new phenomenon, witness protection praxis continues to evolve and remains largely undeveloped in many states. In Nigeria, the relevance of witness protection as a critical aspect of criminal justice administration is increasingly becoming evident. As an area of enquiry, scholarly literature on witness protection is descriptive, locally focused, and lacking in conceptual clarification. Recent developments in Nigeria highlight the need for the clarification of legal and conceptual issues within the existing legal framework for protecting witnesses. Using the Nigerian case study, this thesis illustrates the obscurities inherent in the concept of witness protection. These are highlighted around five critical areas: the definition of witness protection; the scope of beneficiaries requiring protection; the nature of crimes necessitating protection; the nature of protective measures; and the administrative control of witness protection. The thesis explores the concept of witness protection, which is still at an early developmental stage in Nigeria. In the absence of a clear legal jurisprudence, the thesis pieces together the practice of witness protection in Nigeria and embarks on a conceptual and legal clarification of issues important to developing a witness protection framework. To achieve this, the thesis draws from international debates, legal developments and institutional practices from other jurisdictions as a basis for improving Nigerian efforts in witness protection and for making normative proposals to that effect. The thesis utilises two distinct perspectives: the criminal justice and the human rights perspectives as heuristic tools for analysing the concept of witness protection and to separate the disparate influences that shape how it is construed. A combination of desktop research by way of doctrinal research and empirical research was adopted. In pursuit of a more detailed understanding of contemporary developments relating to witness protection in Nigeria, field research was undertaken. This comprised qualitative research using semi-structured interviews of a specifically selected sample of criminal justice experts and practitioners with knowledge about witness protection in Nigeria. The semi-structured interviews justify the assumptions that there is a need to examine and clarify the scope of witness protection and what it depicts. The thesis finds that the concept and practice of witness protection evolved within specific parameters and its definitions are determined within these limits. It advances the existing witness protection conversations by offering an analytical basis for discussing witness protection and proposes organising principles for delineating the scope of witness protection. The clarifications made in the analysis within this thesis are utilised in making normative proposals and policy recommendations for developing a legal framework for witness protection in Nigeria. The thesis recommends a formal witness protection framework, through the enactment of comprehensive witness protection legislation that clearly defines the objectives of witness protection, the scope of beneficiaries, the scope of crimes necessitating protection, the type of protective measures and guidelines for assigning these measures, clear eligibility criteria and which establishes an independent witness protection agency to administer witness protection in Nigeria.
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Fasan, Oluseto. "Compliance with WTO law in developing countries : a study of South Africa and Nigeria." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2709/.
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This is a legal impact study. Its concern is the effectiveness of WTO law and its focus is the compliance behaviour of developing countries. Article XVI:4 of the WTO Agreement provides: "Each Member shall ensure the conformity of its laws, regulations and administrative procedures with its obligations as provided in the annexed Agreements" In the light of this overarching compliance obligation, this thesis examines the behavioural impact of WTO law, and investigates the preconditions for its effectiveness. In doing so, the experiences of two developing countries - South Africa and Nigeria - are considered. Through extensive research conducted both in these countries and in Geneva, involving thorough examination and analysis of national legislation and case law, WTO obligations and jurisprudence, archival materials and other documentary evidence, as well as interview data, this thesis gives systematic and detailed accounts of the compliance experiences of both countries, and identifies the sources of their behaviour. The research revealed that South Africa substantially complied with its WTO obligations, although there were areas of obvious non-compliance and areas where compliance was unclear. Nigeria, on the other hand, was in substantial non- compliance, with no WTO implementation legislation introduced to date. The research showed that WTO law did not have independent compliance pull. Its effectiveness depended on a combination of legal and non-legal factors. One important shaping factor was ownership or endogenous preference. It was clear that ex ante preference for any agreement induced better ex post compliance with it, and vice versa. Domestic-level structures and processes also had strong explanatory powers, as did market considerations. The main contribution of this thesis has been to add to the understanding of the factors that influence developing countries' compliance with WTO law, and, therefore, of the conditions under which WTO law is likely to be effective in many of these countries.
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Soyombo, Omololu. "Crime victims in Nigeria : a study of the extent of crime and the effects of victimization." Thesis, University of Essex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304920.
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Okoye, Ada Obianuju. "The role of law in the development of the nonprofit sector in Nigeria and South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11306.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-238).The study of the nonprofit sector as the conglomeration of private initiatives in addressing public needs is increasing to match the growth of formal and informal associations of people in countries across the world. While writers generally agree that these private sector initiatives are not a new thing, there is a recognition that there has been a resurgence of a deliberate, conscious need to build and maintain these associations of civil society.
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Iguodala, Egbe. "An evaluation of corporate governance legal frameworks in Nigeria: lessons from international organisations and other jurisdictions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20860.
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There is a global trend in the international community, within countries, and within corporate organizations for the promotion of good corporate governance practices. The aim is to foster sustainable development in countries and particularly within corporations at local, national, regional and international levels. This is because emerging reports and research seem to suggest that the effective implementation and practice of good corporate governance principles in a country promotes sustainable development and foreign direct investment, thus boosting the economy of that country. By implication it is only corporations which adopt good corporate governance practices that will achieve sustainable growth and development domestically and internationally in the competitive business environment. In Nigeria, given the fact that the practice of good governance by most corporate organizations is still a challenge, there is therefore a need for a corporate governance regulation that will serve as a baseline standard applicable to all companies registered, whether public or private. Accordingly, this thesis will be examining the existing corporate governance regulations and the newly released draft national corporate governance code in Nigeria to ascertain whether or not they address current corporate governance challenges and their compliance with international best practices.
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Ojelade, Steve Olufemi. "Counterterrorism Policy towards Boko Haram in Nigeria during 2009-2015." Thesis, Walden University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10982497.
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The Nigerian government has emplaced counterterrorism policy measures to combat Boko Haram terrorism since the group became violent in 2010. However, there is a gap in the understanding of how these policies were developed and implemented. Such knowledge may offer suggestions as to how these policies can be improved. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore and describe the development and implementation of counterterrorism policy towards Boko Haram in Nigeria during 2009–2015. Scott’s institutional theory and Baumgartner’s punctuated equilibrium theory constituted the study’s theoretical foundation. Interview data were collected from individuals selected using a purposive and criterion sampling strategy who played prominent roles in the development and implementation of the policy as well as those who were its beneficiaries. Data were analyzed using content analysis and coding. Key findings from this study provide an understanding of how the policy was developed and how it is being implemented and might be improved. Recommendations include the development of a holistic strategy involving both soft and hard approaches. Collaboration between stakeholders in the security sector and key community leaders in northeast Nigeria is crucial to active counterterrorism effort. The insights from the study on Nigeria’s past counterterrorism policy development and implementation may assist policy makers in making improvements in their mechanisms and strategies for actively fighting Boko Haram terrorism in Nigeria. Policy makers in other African countries may also find the outcomes of this study useful as they provide a potential blueprint for counterterrorism policy development and implementation.
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Lawan, Mamman Alhaji. "The paradox of underdevelopment amidst oil in Nigeria : a socio-legal explanation." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1992/.
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The trend in development discourse is to explain underdevelopment in terms of bad governance which lack of rule of law brings about. Development in this sense is understood as economic growth while rule of law is limited to an institutional version which is market-oriented. In this thesis, development is examined from a people-centred perspective. Abject poverty, dysfunctional educational and health systems sitting side by side with reasonably sufficient oil wealth is the problematic premise which the thesis seeks to explain. While acknowledging that it could be explained from a range of disciplines and perspectives, this thesis offers a socio-legal explanation in terms of public corruption spurred by absence of rule of law in practice. Corruption is high in Nigeria though national law has criminalised it and the country has ratified international law frowning at it. Among its myriad upshots is depleting resources for development. It is a dependant variable; and this thesis links it to absence of rule of law in practice. But because the orthodox rule of law privileges the market, it is inappropriate in explaining corruption in the public realm. The thesis therefore departs from it and instead proposes a rule of law version which would ensure management of resources for human development. It constitutes the following elements: supremacy of the law; equality before the law, trusts over public funds; code of conduct for public officers; and restraint on executive powers. The thesis argues that the Constitutions in Nigeria have made adequate provisions for this version of rule of law. However, the provisions have either been suspended or substantially breached over the years. For a large part of its existence, Nigeria was under military rule which is antithetical to rule of law through its subordination of the constitution, sacking of the legislature, and muzzling of the judiciary. Despite the existence of the Constitution and democratic institutions during civilian regimes, the rule of law provisions remained largely unimplemented. In both regimes, the executive arm of government, unto which public funds are entrusted, enjoyed absolute powers. This situation, the thesis argues, explains the development-impeding corruption.
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Adebola, Titilayo Adunola. "The regime complex for plant variety protection : revisiting TRIPS implementation in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/98751/.
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Article 27.3(b) of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) obliges all World Trade Organisation (WTO) embers to protect plant varieties. This thesis unpacks plant variety protection in the Global South, using Nigeria as a case study. To do this, the thesis adopts Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) as a macro-methodological lens and regime complex theory as a supplement. TWAIL is a historically aware methodology that engages with international law from the perspectives and aspirations of the Third World. While regime complex theory illuminates how the overlapping non-hierarchical institutions, agreements, systems, and principles governing plant variety protection shape the implementation of Article 27.3(b) of TRIPS. Combining TWAIL with regime complex theory uncovers the complexities in plant variety protection law-making in the Global South with a view to provide lessons for Nigeria. As Nigeria currently does not have a plant variety protection system, the thesis employs an original empirical study, involving semi-structured iinterviews in Nigeria, to understand realities and stakeholders’ perspectives on the subject. Based on the empirical insights, the thesis proposes a sui generis system which protects the interests of both small-scale farmers and commercial breeders as best suited to Nigeria. To understand the intricacies and contingencies of designing such a system, the thesis examines plant variety protection laws and law-making of Global South WTO members such as the African Group, India, and Thailand. Drawing lessons from this examination, the thesis develops original frames for analysing plant variety protection in the Global South, namely: trade agreements, regional associations, pressures from seed companies, international institutions lobbies, and civil society activism. In combining the original multi-layered methodological lens, empirical study, and analytical framework, the thesis presents the first comprehensive analysis on plant variety protection in Nigeria. It is hoped that this timely thesis will inspire the introduction of the sui generis system proposed.
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Oghenevo, Ovie Akpomiemie Michael. "The social context of business and the tax system in Nigeria : the persistence of corruption." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3711/.
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This thesis examines the means by which corruption sustains itself in the relationship between business and the tax system. It is predicated on a desire to understand the possibility of sheltering the relationship from corruption and other similar societal challenges. It relies on the intuition that certain structural elements of this relationship permit the infiltration and sustenance of corruption. With the aid of both qualitative and quantitative data obtained from empirical research in Nigeria, it constructs a model that exposes these structural elements. This thesis argues that a ‘two-way relationship’ between businesses and the tax system not only exists but is anchored in the interaction between the actors (businesses, tax policymakers, tax law-makers, tax administrators and tax arbiters) that represent both institutions. It explores four mechanisms (‘access’, ‘awareness’, ‘distortion’ and ‘inaction’) that affect the interaction and consequently the relationship between business and the tax system. It also addresses the difficulty in defining corruption by adopting a process definition of this phenomenon. In this definition, the tag ‘corruption’ applies where an act or state of affairs and the gain derived therefrom breach the expectations of the legal, economic, political or moral dimension of a given society. This thesis then argues that corruption sustains itself in the two-way relationship by exploiting a ‘power gap’ between the actual and institutional powers of actors in the said relationship. It defines the ‘institutional power of actors’ as that which accords with the institutional limits of their social setting. An actor’s ‘actual power’, in contrast, refers to that which the actor may exercise in any given circumstance. This power gap is potentially increased or decreased by the levels of the four mechanisms in the relationship. Therefore, any real effort to tackle corruption in the relationship between businesses and the tax system must seek to address these four mechanisms in a manner that limits the power gap and opportunities for corruption. The concept of the power gap and its four mechanisms is a novel approach to understanding and tackling corruption. It aspires to support the design of tax systems with the capacity to adequately balance competing interests, especially in countries where corruption is endemic.
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Adetunji, Adeoye. "A comparative analysis of the control of financial crime from the perspective of the UK, USA and Nigeria." Thesis, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, 2017. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/6701/.
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In 1939, Edwin Sutherland’s thesis on white collar crime drew the global attention to the bane of crime committed by persons in upper social class who use their privileged position to commit crime and are protected from prosecution by the state while persons in the lower social class who commit street crimes do not enjoy similar privilege, despite several criticisms against the thesis, it altered the theory of causation of crime and the earlier perception that financial crime is a victimless crime and thus created an awareness of the consequences of financial crime on economic development, social stability, national security, integrity of the capital market and good governance. The influence of information technology, globalisation and the link between financial crime, corruption, illicit drug trade, terrorist financing, human traffic and fraud (many of which are predicate offences of money laundering) demand a global concerted approach, development of which the UK and US laws have influenced with the introduction of national and international AML, OECD initiatives, the Vienna and Palermo conventions, the UNCAC and the FATF Recommendations. Many of these international initiatives (excluding the earlier Commonwealth initiatives) evolved from drug control measures, consequently, they have not effectively achieved the desired objectives in diverse ways, like the failure of the existing international initiatives (multilateral or mutual legal assistance) on the enforcement of transnational crimes. In Nigeria, part of the reason why regulating, interdicting and disrupting financial crime has been less effective is due to the introduction of the British method of criminal jurisprudence to Nigeria criminal justice system, in contradiction to the Nigerian traditional customary laws, values and remedies of restitution, compensation and reconciliation; consequently, the imposed foreign criminal codes failed to adequately control crime and also failed to adequately disgorge the proceeds of financial crime. While different nations have adopted various means of disgorging the proceeds of crime either by amending their adjectival laws to shift the burden of proof in certain circumstances (like criminalising the possession of unexplained wealth) without violating the offender’s right of presumption of innocence or right to remain silence, however, such adopted method must be informed by the circumstance of any given country, so far due process, equity and justice are ensured. Nigeria has not deemed it appropriate to use the prohibition of possession of unexplained wealth as an effective tool of financial crime control, except Lagos state. Again, due to the vast involvement of corporations in financial crime, an effective means of holding them liable through a clearly defined and pragmatic concept of corporate criminal liability has become necessary because this would play a crucial role in crime control. Consequently, this research questions the gross inconsistencies and ineffectiveness in the application of the organic or directing mind theory in holding complex, modern multinational corporations culpable and argues in favour of using a combination of principles of organic or directing mind, vicarious responsibility and strict liability offence (for failure to implement adequate internal policies to prevent crime by agents, similar to the provisions of the UK Bribery Act 2010, s.7) in attributing the knowledge of the agent or employee to the corporation, depending on the circumstance of a given case. The thesis argues that the future of money laundering control lies in the criminalisation of unexplained wealth, without infringing the right to own property. It identifies and proffers solutions to the problems associated with legal systems, jurisdictions, complexity of law and standard of proof, it recommends the use of civil enforcement by victim, regulatory actions, disruption of financial crime through internal control and compliance mechanisms with emphasis on recovery of proceeds of crime either through conviction based confiscation or civil forfeiture. Further, the thesis argues that due to the challenges associated with scientific means of evidence gathering and the high standard of proof in criminal proceedings beyond reasonable doubt, it prescribes that Nigeria ought to adopt the non-conviction based civil recovery of proceeds of crime, it also recommends the use of tax law to seize proceeds of money laundering. The thesis observes that the Nigeria criminal justice system needs to deemphasise the restrictive use of traditional punishment like imprisonment and fine in controlling complex financial crime, and suggested the use of clearly defined negotiated pleas like DPA, NPA and plea bargain. In addition, argues that the social and cultural factors responsible for greed and impunity must be identified and attacked in order to create a new social order, similar to the African communal lifestyle which was effective in controlling public and private corruption, notwithstanding, its basic tenet of gift giving. The thesis recommends that Nigeria ought to consider the introduction of an hybrid accusatorial and inquisitorial system of criminal justice so as to make its judiciary more participatory in criminal proceedings, it also recommends the provisions of fund for legal aid, compensation of victims of crime; prison and judiciary reform with a view to removing corruption without compromising the independence of judiciary and finally, it recommends legislations for protection and motivation of whistle blowers.
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Salau, Aaron Olaniyi. "Right of access to information and its limitation by national security in Nigeria: mutually inclusive or exclusive?" Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25429.
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Section 39(1) of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria guarantees freedom of expression, including the right to receive and impart information. Also, the domestication of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights' makes the Charter's protections for access to information part of Nigerian law. Indeed, sections 39(3) and 45(1) of the Constitution permit restrictions on access to information, but only by 'law that is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society'. Unfortunately, access to information in Nigeria is heavily circumscribed by statutes that confer absolute powers on the executive to classify information to protect vague 'national security' interests inconsistently with what is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society. Underlying this problem are a colonial legacy of administrative secrecy that disdains disclosure of official information and clumsy constitutional rights provisions that accentuate security restrictions rather than the right to information. Using democratic theory as an analytical tool, this thesis advocates for the right of access to information as not just a constitutional value, but also a minimum requirement for the functioning of a democratic society. In so doing, it aims to curtail abuse of executive powers under national security laws that permit limitations on access to information. The thesis uses African human rights standards of reasonableness to evaluate how national security laws that limit access to information measure against constitutional standards of reasonableness and justifiability in a democratic society. The thesis finds that constitutional protection and jurisprudential recognition of the right of access to information in Nigeria do not comply with minimum international law requirements. The thesis ultimately suggests that limitation of access to information on grounds of national security must be in the public interest. In striking a balance between access to information and national security, it recommends a sufficient legislative description of 'national security' and clear constitutional framework for access to information, subject to restrictions only where harm to national security is demonstrably greater than access to information.
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Kolawole, Omowamiwa. "Providing an effective legal framework for the protection of people living with HIV and AIDS in Nigeria." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12917.
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Includes bibliographical references.This thesis seeks to address the question of how discriminatory practices operate against people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), the effects of this discrimination on their lives and how they can be protected against such discrimination, by the law in Nigeria. In addressing this question, the legal ramifications of HIV/AIDS will be examined, from the detection and testing phase to the treatment of people known or perceived to be living with the virus and then to their legal rights, which protects them from discrimination and unfair treatment. This issue is important, as it covers a subject matter that has received little attention from the relevant authorities in Nigeria. This work seeks to contextualize the problem of stigmatization and discrimination against PLWHA by raising issues that centre on the treatment that they receive in society and how this treatment affects them, and the society at large. In addition, this question helps reveal the practices that have helped perpetuate a culture of fear, which has inadvertently contributed to the spread of HIV in Nigeria, while also depleting the number of people living with the virus. In sum, the dissertation seeks to help identify the underlying issues that drive discrimination against PLWHA and propose an effective legal framework to stem the tide, with its resultant positive gains.
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Sogunro, Ayodele. "Advocacy, social control, and the criminalisation of same-sex relationships : the evolution and enforcement of ‘anti-gay laws’ in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78375.
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Since the enactment of Nigeria’s Same Sex (Marriage) Prohibition Act of 2013, advocacy for the protection of sexual and gender minorities in Nigeria has grown rapidly. This advocacy often toes a line of legal formalism, under an international human rights law framework. This framework uses strategic litigation, petitions before international bodies, presentation of violations reports to the national human rights bodies, and public engagement on the equality of application of human rights norms for sexual and gender minorities. Despite these efforts, political rhetoric and public opinion continue to be antagonistic to advocacy efforts, based on the claim of political and religious leaders that same-sex relationships and non-heteronormative sexuality and gender identity are incompatible with the cultures and religions of the Nigerian population.
This thesis argues that the evolution and enforcement of Nigerian laws criminalising same-sex relationships and non-heteronormative sexuality and gender identity (‘criminalising laws’) are part of a system of wider social control leveraged by the political elite to perpetuate its hegemonic power. Consequently, this thesis proposes that, to advance the legal protection of sexual and gender minorities in Nigeria, advocates must critically understand, and take measures to reduce, the underlying power dynamics in the criminalising laws.
Using doctrinal and empirical research, this thesis proposes democratic strategies to challenge and reduce hegemonic power dynamics in Nigeria, and to strengthen existing advocacy for the protection of sexual and gender minorities in Nigeria. The research shows that the evolution of laws criminalising same-sex relationships in Nigeria is based on the use of political homophobia by the political elite as a tool of social exclusion. It further concludes that law enforcement authorities in Nigeria are guided by hegemonic considerations in the enforcement of the criminalising laws. The thesis identifies social control linkages between the criminalising laws and the existence of wider social exclusion in Nigeria. An increased awareness by advocates of these underlying hegemonic motivations can lead to a more nuanced, more contextual, and more intersectional advocacy for the rights of sexual and gender minorities in Nigeria.Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Centre for Human Rights
LLD
Unrestricted
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Okukpon, Irekpitan. "Towards the sustainable management of electronic waste in Nigeria: South Africa as a model." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16730.
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Includes bibliographical referencesThe trade in and management of electronic waste in Nigeria is significant because of the volumes of e-waste generated from second-hand electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) imports. Current and future e-waste discourse advocate the need for, not only an effective legislative approach, but also a sustainable approach towards e-waste management, best encapsulated through a concept known as the 'Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)' approach. The EPR approach, which is based on the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) places legal, financial, informative and physical(including environmental) responsibility on producers of EEE, from 'cradle-to-cradle.'The thesis groups this classification into a general term - the 'EPR Matrix,' which is utilised throughout the thesis to analyse the realistic implementation and enforcement of these responsibilities on a producer in a developing country context. Although the shipment of e-wastes between developed and developing countries is regulated under the Basel Convention 1989 and the Bamako Convention 1991, both treaties, however, do not prohibit it. The efforts of Conference of Parties (CoP) to both Conventions reveal a cognizant change in perception which is aligned with the ideals of the EPR approach to e-waste management. The realistic implementation of this approach in a developing country context is investigated, because the importer, rather than the producer is the key actor in the EEE chain. The identification of this circumstance requires that the EPR approach be extended to include the importer and other actors in the EEE chain, sharing applicable responsibilities proposed by the EPR Matrix. The thesis explores the legitimacy of this premise, by evaluating the relative success of mandatory and voluntary EPR schemes on e-waste in South Africa. Although empirical investigation reflected in the thesis reveals that voluntary industry approaches on e-waste are effective and complementary to the regulatory model, this thesis also identifies a three-tier voluntary model for effective e-waste management in South Africa, and the scope of its application. Current e-waste legislation in Nigeria reflects the adoption of the EPR approach, but in essence, the provisions are ineffective, with the absence of requisite institutions to implement its provisions. This thesis suggest that Nigerian e-waste legislation be reconsidered, with a formalization of informal e-waste markets to reflect a more resolute approach towards illegal e-waste imports and management. The certainty of a successful, and effective EPR approach in Nigeria requires a synergy of both voluntary and mandatory approaches to e-waste in that jurisdiction, and an extension of the EPR concept to include other stakeholders in industry - producers, importers, retailers, consumers and government. This thesis thus recommends the adoption of both voluntary and mandatory approaches to e-waste management in Nigeria, including an institutionalized approach, which requires the establishment of collection centres for e-waste recycling, the establishment of an EEE registry/database and proper regulation of the informal sector.
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Mamman, Tahir. "The law and politics of constitution making in Nigeria, 1900-1989 : issues, interests and compromises." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108216/.
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This thesis is a study of the constitution making processes in Nigeria from the colonial inception to the 1989 Constitution which is scheduled to usher in a putative third republic. Although apparently covering a wide scope, its boundary is limited by its perspective. Constitution making in any polity is essentially a political process where all the major, relevant and active interests seek to protect and advance themselves. Consequently, the focus of the research is on determining these competing interests, their interactions, compromises, winners and losers, etc. Attempts were made to provide the criteria for class identification in Nigeria to serve as a guide for determining class based action. The value of the work is threefold. First, it makes a modest but important contribution to an ongoing debate on whether or not Nigeria's post independence constitutional processes in particular were grounded in class interest, in the tradition of Charles Beard's interpretation of the constitution of the U.S.A. Second, it disputes and in large measure seeks to contradict some of the earlier widely held assumptions and assertions regarding the making of some of the constitutions, especially the Macpherson Constitution, 1951.Finally, it attempts to provide a complete and realistic account of the constitutional evolution of Nigeria less the military rule, from its inception as a country up to 1989. The method of investigation was largely analytical using official records, official reports, communications of key officials, biographical data, etc. Theoretical guidance was significantly drawn from political economy writings in politics, history and law. Eventually, the analysis revealed the existence and interplay of important interest configurations, reducing class to a subtle rather than an obvious phenomenon in the constitutional process. But overwhelmingly, the entire process was elitist and self serving with the mainstream of the population left in the margin in the composition of the constitutional bodies, the setting of agenda and the institutions and mechanisms established for governing the country. Finally, it found that there was a great deal of continuity of the values and institutions established for colonial ends with little or no will manifested in the constitutional process to break with the past. Rather what transpired was an expansion of institutions and creation of formulae in the constitution to accommodate a new breed of elites who were able to manipulate potential cleavages in the society to serve personal ends.
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Ogbonna, Nkechinyere. "What role should customary law play in the protection of traditional medicinal knowledge in Nigeria?" Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.718851.
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Ajibo, Chikodili. "Analysis of foreign investment protection regimes in the petroleum sector in Nigeria, 1995-2013 : options for reform." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/analysis-of-foreign-investment-protection-regimes-in-the-petroleum-sector-in-nigeria--1995--2013-options-for-reform(b007b7c8-28ed-4dd3-96b4-5b5846eecf6c).html.
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This thesis examines the current regulatory frameworks for foreign investment protection and reforms thereto in the petroleum sector in Nigeria. The analysis is conducted from international law perspective. Thus, the current regimes of IIAs reflected in both the substantive and procedural terms are bedevilled by unbalanced framework in the allocation of rights and duties to the contracting parties. Strictly speaking, the parties do not set out from the outset to draft an unbalanced terms of IIAs. However, the preponderant inflow of investment from the developed to developing countries almost always make the latter bear the brunt of any unbalanced prescription of the terms of the IIAs. Thus, the definitions of such substantive terms as investment, fair and equitable treatment, umbrella clause, and regulatory expropriation constitute a significant cause of concerns for economic imperatives of the capital importing countries. Similarly, the incessant lack of consideration for the regulatory and economic interest of the host state in the arbitral awards is creating concern among the capital importing countries. Consequently, a re-appraisal of existing regimes becomes necessary both in the substantive definition and the arbitral construction of these substantive terms to ensure a balance of interests in international economic relation. These substantive and procedural terms do not operate in vacuum but apply to host state like Nigeria together with other local investment regulatory rules. Although various studies establish different challenges to foreign investment in Nigeria such as, inter alia, lack of harmonised investment regimes and complicated registration procedures, one issue that is evidently less considered is the institutional influence in the implementation of investment regulation. Thus, institutional factors are the heart of Nigeria investment challenges. These institutional factors mirrors itself in poor human and social capital ratio needed for enhanced service delivery. Thus, for any meaning headway to be made in strengthening the inflow of foreign capital to Nigeria economy, tackling of other challenges is incomplete until human capital development is aligned with social capital development.
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Omiunu, Ohiocheoya. "Moving from 'central exclusivity' to cooperative federalism in the international economic participation of federal systems : a case study of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2006420/.
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Conventionally, the conduct of foreign relations (including international economic relations) by nation-states has been the exclusive preserve of the central tier of government (i.e. ‘central exclusivity’ in foreign relations). However, the peculiarities of federal systems have posed a serious challenge to this conventional position. This is because federalism is based on principles which require shared powers between multiple levels of government. As such, Sub-Federal Governments (SFGs) have been known to affect the operation of international norms in federal systems. Furthermore, the international system is constantly evolving due to geopolitical changes, most notably globalisation. These changes in the international system have facilitated an increased participation of SFGs in international relations and as a consequence brought into question the continued relevance of conventional norms pertaining to foreign relations in international law. With regards to Nigeria, and in the specific context of international economic relations, empirical evidence shows that since the start of the 4th democratic Republic in 1999, SFGs in Nigeria are increasingly accessing international markets and engaging in activities which have direct and/or indirect impact on Nigeria’s international economic relations. This trend contradicts the constitutional position in Nigeria, where the extant theoretical framework underpinning Nigeria’s international economic participation gives plenary powers for foreign relations to the Federal Government (FG). In light of this contradiction, this thesis examines the divergence between theory and reality in Nigeria’s international economic relations. This thesis puts forward a proposition that the functional reality of international economic interactions in the current dispensation necessitates a re-assessment of the existing framework underpinning the relationship between domestic (federal) and international regimes in international economic relations. In the context of Nigeria, this thesis concludes that the changing dynamics of international economic relations necessitates a shift from central exclusivity to a cooperative federalism model.
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Eltantawi, Sarah. "Stoning in the Islamic Tradition: The Case of Northern Nigeria." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10318.
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This dissertation asks how it came to be that Amina Lawal, a peasant woman from Northern Nigeria, was sentenced to death by stoning in 2002 for committing the crime of zinā, or illegal sexual activity, three years after full Islamic sharīah penal law began to be implemented there by way of massive grassroots demand. Each chapter examines a factor I deem necessary to explore this question. Drawing on ethnographic evidence gathered during fieldwork in Northern Nigeria, I first examine "sharīah as social text," concluding that sharīah is thought to offer the radical societal ordering and historical and cultural legitimacy necessary to combat the corruption and poverty associated with the Federal State structure. However, the integration of the stoning punishment into the formative period of Islamic law (1st-3rd AH/ 7th-10 CE centuries), taken up in Chapter two, reveals stoning to have presented theological problems, challenging its reception in contemporary Nigeria as a symbol of stability. Chapter three traces the slow integration of Hausaland into a legalistic milieu identified with an eastward Arab-Islamic epistemic tradition by the eighteenth century, culminating in the Sokoto Caliphate's (r. 1809 - 1903) identification with the Mālikī school of Islamic law. The British arrival in the late nineteenth century ended the Caliphate, changed Islamic penal law, and promulgated the "Native Courts Proclamation," which outlawed the stoning punishment despite its absence during the Sokoto Caliphate. This history is often recalled in contemporary Northern Nigeria, but only recently, as the State weakens and the Muslim north loses political power. Chapter four analyzes Lawal's trial as the stage where the boundaries and mandates of post-1999 sharī'ah are delineated. I call several features of legal argumentation endemic of "post-modern Islamic law": legal reductionism, reliance mainly on primary texts, combining Islamic and constitutional arguments, and eschewing the jurisprudential tradition. These factors combine to make it easier (relative to Islamic history) to mete out stoning. Finally, I examine gender and the Western reaction to the case, arguing that these discourses collude to ironically elide the voice of Amina Lawal, Nigerian women more generally, and the stoning punishment per se.
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Mutu, Perekeme. "The role of civil society organisations in litigating the right to basic education in South Africa : Lessons for Nigeria." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78559.
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The thesis examined civil society organisations’ use of public interest litigation as a tool to promote and protect the right to basic education of children in South Africa, and considered what learning can be extrapolated for possible application in Nigeria. The thesis undertook a comparative analysis of the constitutional and legal environment that enables or impedes strategic litigation in the selected counties, and determined optimal conditions for such work to be undertaken. It also demonstrated that for public interest litigation to be successful, it needs to be complemented by other strategies such as engaging the media and mobilising stakeholders. The thesis illustrates the effectiveness of civil society activism through strategic litigation in South Africa, and indicates opportunities for its use in Nigeria to advance the struggle for equal access to quality basic education for every child.Thesis (PhD) University of Pretoria, 2020.
Private Law
PhD
Restricted
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Bjoerkan, Maren. "International displacement and state compliance with international human rights standards: the current protection of internally displaced persons' right to physical security in Nigeria." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28030.
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There are approximately 65.3 million forcibly displaced people in the world. A large majority of these people are internally displaced. Of the 40.8 million internally displaced persons' (IDPs) worldwide, Nigeria had a total of 1,955,000 IDPs at the end of 2016. Consequently, Nigeria is among the countries with the highest number of displaced persons globally. A wide range of political, economic, social, and environmental factors, including poverty, corruption, and internal armed conflict, affect the population in Nigeria and contribute to internal instability. Thus, as Nigeria represents a complex and multi-layered situation of internal displacement, it makes for an interesting case study to understand international protection of IDPs. This dissertation asks whether the current protection of IDPs' right to physical security in Nigeria complies with international human rights standards. The current international legal framework in place for the protection of IDPs is relatively extensive, and undergoes continuous development. The United Nations Guiding Principles for the Protection of Internally Displaced People and the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention), as well as general human rights mechanisms, comprehensively set out the rights and guarantees for the protection of the physical security of IDPs. Although there has been great improvement in recent years relating to the legal protection of and assistance to IDPs, the de facto implementation and enforcement of these frameworks in Nigeria is not in full compliance with international human rights standards.
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Ole, Ngozi Chinwa. "The role of law in improving access to electricity through off-grid renewable energy in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=239253.
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