Dissertations / Theses: 'LAW OF ACCESS TO INFORMATION'

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Bishop, Cheryl Ann Packer Cathy Lee. "Internationalizing the right to know conceptualizations of access to information in human rights law /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2598.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 5, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication." Discipline: Journalism and Mass Communication; Department/School: Journalism and Mass Communication, School of.

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Salau, Aaron Olaniyi. "Right of access to information and its limitation by national security in Nigeria: mutually inclusive or exclusive?" Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25429.

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Section 39(1) of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria guarantees freedom of expression, including the right to receive and impart information. Also, the domestication of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights' makes the Charter's protections for access to information part of Nigerian law. Indeed, sections 39(3) and 45(1) of the Constitution permit restrictions on access to information, but only by 'law that is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society'. Unfortunately, access to information in Nigeria is heavily circumscribed by statutes that confer absolute powers on the executive to classify information to protect vague 'national security' interests inconsistently with what is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society. Underlying this problem are a colonial legacy of administrative secrecy that disdains disclosure of official information and clumsy constitutional rights provisions that accentuate security restrictions rather than the right to information. Using democratic theory as an analytical tool, this thesis advocates for the right of access to information as not just a constitutional value, but also a minimum requirement for the functioning of a democratic society. In so doing, it aims to curtail abuse of executive powers under national security laws that permit limitations on access to information. The thesis uses African human rights standards of reasonableness to evaluate how national security laws that limit access to information measure against constitutional standards of reasonableness and justifiability in a democratic society. The thesis finds that constitutional protection and jurisprudential recognition of the right of access to information in Nigeria do not comply with minimum international law requirements. The thesis ultimately suggests that limitation of access to information on grounds of national security must be in the public interest. In striking a balance between access to information and national security, it recommends a sufficient legislative description of 'national security' and clear constitutional framework for access to information, subject to restrictions only where harm to national security is demonstrably greater than access to information.

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Paradissis, Jean-Jacques. "The right to access environmental information : an analysis of UK law in the context of international, European, and comparative law." Thesis, City University London, 2005. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8454/.

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The present thesis comprehensively examines the right of any member of the public to access environmental information held by mainly public bodies and the obligation of these bodies to provide it upon request. In doing this, we do not claim to present the reader with a brand new theory. However this thesis is original in the way that it combines in a single piece of work all the aspects of the subject: both legal and non-legal. With respect to the legal aspects of the subject, these are analysed in regard of not only national law, but also international, EC law and also the law of the European Convention on Human Rights. In other words, the present thesis is a synthesis that has never been done before. In our introductory chapter we set the limits of our examination by stating that we will mainly examine the legal rules that grant a right to individuals to access environmental information upon request. We also examine the historical evolution of the right to access to environmental information. Then, in Chapter I, which is the core chapter of the present work, we explain in detail the substantive provisions of the legal instruments granting a right to access environmental information upon request: the Aarhus convention, the 2003/4IEC Environmental Information Directive on public access to Environmental Information and the Environmental Information Regulations 2004, which transpose into UK law this Directive and the information provisions of the Aarhus convention. It should be stressed that we analyse in parallel the equivalent provisions of EC law, international law and UK law, thus avoiding repeating the identical parts of these instruments. This parallel examination of all legal rules that grant a right to access environmental information is also a feature that renders the present work original, since there is no other written work on the subject adopting such an approach. In chapter 2 we examine other specific UK enactments that grant a right to access specific kinds of environmental information which is recorded on registers. Moreover, we highlight the fact that the statutory provisions on registers serve a different function than the environmental information regulations, as they also create a statutory duty for some public authorities to collect and compile certain types of environmental information and place it on registers. In chapter 3 we examine the relevant ECHR articles which have been interpreted by the Court of Strasbourg as including a right to access environmental information. Thus, we analyse how in some limited circumstances the right to access environmental information can be of a fundamental nature. Finally, in chapter 4 we examine how the 90/313IEEC Directive (the precursor of Directive 2003/41EC) was transposed in French ,law, in comparison with England. We conclude that the English method of transposition has been more in conformity with the aim of the right to access environmental information: environmental protection. We also conclude that this important finding is also of some relevance today, even after the enactment of the 2003 Directive and the Environmental Information Regulations 2004. The present work is concluded by showing that: I) the right of access to environmental information is what could be called a 'multi-layered' right, which stems from various legal instruments of different levels (the EC level, international level and UK national level). This is the reason why the right to environmental information is a right with uncertain boundaries and content, since, although all these instruments go into the same direction of recognising a right to access environmental information to any person, they all contain different limitations and exceptions to the scope of this right; 2) the right to access environmental information is fundamentally different from the general right to access information held by public bodies, since it aims at achieving better environmental protection; 3) as a consequence, the correct approach to any analysis of the right to access environmental information is to understand and acknowledge that, first, this right stems from various European, national and international legal instruments, and second, that although it is a right similar to the general right to access information, it is conceptually different as it aims to protect the environment.

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Casado, Casado Lucía. "Access to environmental information in Spain: lights and shadows." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115857.

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This paper analyses the body of law governing the right to access environmental information in Spain, paying particular attention to law 27/2006, of July 18th, which regulates the right of access to information, public participation and access to justice on environmental issues. The analysis focuses on both the active aspects of access to environmental information (the obligation that the public authorities have to collect and communicate environmental information) and the passive aspects (the right to request access to environmental information). Particular attention is paid to the advances made by this legislation and its possible implications, but no attempt is made to conceal the problems of application that it still has to face and the pending challenges.
Este trabajo analiza el régimen jurídico del derecho de acceso ala información ambiental en España, realizando un análisis minucioso de su regulación, actualmente contenida en la ley 27/2006, de 18 de julio, por la que se regulan los derechos de acceso a la información, de participaciónpública y de acceso a la justicia en materia de medio ambiente. Se analiza tanto la vertiente activa del acceso a la información ambiental (la obligación de recogida y difusión de información ambiental por parte de las autoridades públicas) como su vertiente pasiva (el derecho de acceso a la información ambiental previa solicitud), destacándose los avances que ha supuesto esta legislación y sus virtualidades, pero sin ocultar los problemas de aplicación a que todavía se enfrenta y los retos pendientes.Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto de investigación «Derecho ambiental y libertadde servicios en el mercado interior: nuevos retos, transformaciones y oportunidades» (DER2010-19343), financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España.

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McCarthy, Justine. "Seeking access to environmental information in South Africa : a critical review of the relevant legal framework and jurisprudence." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20779.

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The deteriorating state of South Africa's natural environment has been linked to the exponential growth in anthropogenic pressures associated with urban life. In the wake of dire water shortages and the onslaught of climate change, reports have shown increased environmental degradation and evidence of decreasing water, soil and air quality. The state of the environment has therefore raised concerns as to the legal relationship governing communication, engagement and accountability between citizens, government authorities, and the private sector. Following the promulgation of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and the inclusion of the environmental right, environmental law significantly developed as a means to regulate activities affecting people and the environment. The National Environmental Management Act and the Promotion of Access to Information Act therefore, play a critical role in overseeing decision-making and accountability between stakeholders regarding activities that affect the environment. Citizens are usually the ones affected most by environmental degradation and therefore require proper public involvement in decision-making and environmental governance efforts. Public participation is vital to incorporating local knowledge and practices into formal government and private sector decision-making processes with an emphasis on the sharing and access of environmental information as well as the ability to hold wrongdoers accountable. Using academic legal literature, jurisprudence, governmental and organisational reports, the dissertation examines the theoretical notions of environmental governance, public participation and access to information. Following this, links are made between the theoretical notions and to accepted forms of environmental information, the means and outcomes of granting access followed by the important role of rights and laws in providing the procedures with which to allow citizens access to information held by public and private bodies. The dissertation therefore emphasises the value of legislation that offers wide access to information, in a user friendly and explanatory manner, to assist all members of society in accessing information. Access to information is a pivotal tool for holding government and private entities accountable for pollution and environmental degradation and allows citizens to enforce their right to a healthy environment. In doing so, the important oversight role of the courts in adjudicating on and balancing interests where environmental protection is concerned, is highlighted. In light of this, the dissertation assesses the key legal elements that make up any effective access to information regime and compares these key legal elements to those that make up the South African access to environmental information regime with a focus on the Promotion of Access to Information Act. These key elements include the scope and nature of information, limitations, access procedures, protection of whistle-blowers and appeal and review mechanisms. The efficacy and practical implementation of these key elements are critically reviewed alongside a consideration of how they have been interpreted by the courts. The dissertation thus provides a blended discussion and review of the state of access to environmental information in South Africa using relevant laws and cases to highlight various challenges, successes and guidance that has emerged and how it may aid future requesters.

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6

Wilson, Sarah 1965. "Should children conceived through the use of donor insemination have access to biographical information concerning the donor?" Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23441.

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In this paper I focus on the arguments made by some feminist writers against the disclosure of biographical information concerning the donor to children conceived through the use of donor insemination. In particular I concentrate on the effects of disclosure in terms of its personal effects on women of certain groups in less conventional family relationships, and on its implications with respect to ideas of the importance of social environment to personal development. An important aspect of this discussion is an examination of different notions of identity. I try to articulate a notion of identity which may be reconciled with ideas of social construction, important to feminists.

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7

Haynes, J. D. "Risk and regulation of access to personal data on online social networking services in the UK." Thesis, City University London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/11972/.

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This research investigates the relative effectiveness of different modes of regulation of access to personal data on social networking services in the UK. A review of the literature demonstrated that there was a gap in research comparing different regulatory modes applied to online social networking services (SNSs). A model of regulation was developed based on Lessig’s four modes of regulating the internet. Risk to individual users was selected as a way of testing different regulatory approaches, using the premise that risk-based regulation has become a key consideration in European regulation. The regulatory effects were tested using: online surveys, interviews with industry experts, content analysis of privacy policies, and a legislative review. The research data are appended to the main body of the thesis. The research demonstrated the potential of risk as a means of distinguishing between different regulatory modes and concluded that a combination of regulatory approaches was the most effective way of protecting individuals against abuse of personal data on online SNSs. Further research suggested includes: looking at risk from the perspective of companies, and of society; further development of the regulatory model; and country comparisons to discover whether the findings of this study are more generally applicable.

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8

Van, Loenen Bastiaan. "Access to Geographic Scientific and Technical Data in an Academic Setting." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/vanLoenenB2001.pdf.

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9

Larsen, Irene. "Public access to information : reaching the right balance between public and private." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78219.

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This thesis examines the change towards a property-based view of information in the fields of copyright, database protection and data privacy. Focus will be placed on the United States and the European Union, as those territories together are responsible for more than half of the world's Internet population. The thesis will attempt to show that a view of information as personal property is not actually benefiting society in general and is dangerous for future progress: economic, scientific and social. The thesis suggests balancing the restrictions on access to information as a whole, meaning viewing the restrictions in copyright, database protection and privacy laws to see how they together affect access to information. It argues that these fields of law should supplement each other in maximizing social welfare through a baseline of public access as opposed to a baseline of monopoly.

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10

Chen, Yongxi, and 陳詠熙. "An empty promise of freedom of information? : assessing the legislative and judicial protection of the right of access of government information in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197074.

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This thesis assesses and explains the effectiveness of the legal regime for government transparency in China, with a focus on the legislative and judicial protection of citizens’ right of access to information (ATI), through a combination of normative doctrinal analysis and empirical investigation. In 2007, China promulgated the Regulation on Open Government Information (ROGI),which implicitly created a general and legally enforceable ATI right, thereby establishing a regime akin to the freedom of information (FOI) regimes that prevail in many countries worldwide. However, this nascent regime appears to have had mixed, and rather confusing, effects. Existent assessments of the regime’s effectiveness have concentrated either on the ROGI text or on data concerning bureaucratic performance and the extra-legal factors affecting that performance, but have failed to consider sufficiently the perplexities and peculiarities of the Chinese legal system that bear heavily on the ROGI’s operation. This thesis constitutes an attempt to make both substantive and methodological contributions to research in this field. The thesis is organized into three main areas. First, it analyses the relation between the ruling Communist Party’s policies and the making of local and national transparency legislation. It finds that the legislative endorsement of an ATI right resulted from several of the Party’s reform goals, which include not only the facilitation of economic prosperity and social progress but also the fostering of government accountability and public participation. These goals, although with respective limitations, overlap with the values underlying FOI law. Second, it examines the labyrinth of Chinese laws, regulations and other legal norms that regulate the disclosure of government information, particularly the ROGI and Law on Guarding State Secrets, and evaluates them against international best practice standards on FOI law. It finds that the overall legislative framework lags behind international standards, largely because it fails to stipulate a presumption of disclosure and contains multi-layered restrictions on access, thereby leaving administrative organs with an enormous degree of discretion. Third, it reviews 169 judicial decisions collected through methods specially designed to ensure their representativeness. It distils the major trends in the interpretations made and rules set by the courts and finds that, by placing restrictions on access to court, imposing a need test, failing to scrutinize state secret claims, deferring to administrative discretion in applying exemptions and avoiding injunctive relief, the courts have further reduced the normative scope of the ATI right. It argues that this inadequate judicial protection is caused not by limitations on judicial power with respect to that right, but primarily by the abandonment of duty on the part of most courts, which have either misapplied the law or deviated from the guiding cases and legal doctrine that maintain the coherence of laws and judicial autonomy. Owing to the combined effect of a weak legislative framework and largely impotent judicial protection, the ATI right has been virtually deprived of its function to enable the citizenry to monitor and check the government. It has also failed to fulfil its potential in protecting citizens’ personal and property rights. In this regard, China’s ATI right falls far short of a genuine right to freedom of information. These findings provide a necessary basis for a more accurate assessment of China’s open government information regime and a more perceptive comparison of this peculiarly Chinese regime with the FOI regimes of other countries. They also shed new light on the operation of judicial review in China. Furthermore, they indicate the barriers that must be overcome in future reforms to achieve a genuine FOI environment and highlight the interconnectedness of any such reform measures.
published_or_final_version
Law
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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11

Chamoux, Capucine. "Access to environmental information in international law: the significance of the MOX Plant case (Ireland v. United Kingdom)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Ireland and the United Kingdom are since 1993 in conflict about a Mox plant at Sellafield, on the Irish Sea. This plant is designed to recycle the plutonium which is produced during the reprocessing of nuclear fuel to reclaim the uranium contained in it. Ireland has tried to contest the British decision to build and operate the Mox plant through all the legal means available. An important request of Ireland was to be more and better informed in order to better contribute to the protection of the marine environment of the Irish Sea. Ireland and the United Kingdom are Member of two important treaties addressing the issue of environmental information: the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR Convention). Ireland has sought a remedy through the procedures of dispute settlement instituted by those two treaties. The Mox Plant Case is therefore very complex, each of these procedures being conducted within the textual confines of the treaties that govern them.

In July 2003 the Arbitral Tribunal constituted under the OSPAR Convention rejected Ireland&rsquo
s request to have access to more information about the Mox plant. The procedure introduced by Ireland in October 2001 before an Arbitral Tribunal constituted under the UNCLOS is still pending. In this context, waiting for the final decision of this Arbitral Tribunal, the ITLOS ordered in December 2001, as a provisional measure, that Ireland and the United Kingdom must cooperate and exchange information. In November 2003, the Arbitral Tribunal constituted under the UNCLOS has suspended the proceedings, waiting for a decision of the European Court of Justice (ECJ). Indeed the European Commission, backing up the position of the United Kingdom, initiated proceedings against Ireland before the ECJ in 2003.

The Mox Plant Case illustrates and addresses several predominant matters in international environmental law. Firstly it illustrates the complexity of a system where several treaties between the same parties regulate the same issues. As a consequence in this case not less than four international jurisdictions have been and are still involved in the matter, leading to procedural difficulties. Secondly the Mox Plant Case illustrates the considerable difference of opinion which exists in the area of international environmental law with respect to the meaning and nature of the notion of &lsquo
access to information&rsquo
, and its relationship to other ancillary and concomitant notions, e. g. &lsquo
collaboration&rsquo
, &lsquo
cooperation&rsquo
, &lsquo
participation&rsquo
, etc., by and amongst states. The meaning of this concept, which is the cause of the dispute, differ depending on the context of treaty within which it is used.
From the analysis of the Mox Plant Case, in the context of the evolution of international law in general, and international environmental law in particular, the point is made on the strong link between the principle of cooperation and the right of access to environmental information, the first one necessarily including the latter to be effective. The other important element is the shift which is now established in international environmental law and governance from a strict application of the principle of state sovereignty, towards a more integrated vision. The interdependent nature of the environment makes necessary an interdependent governance and regulation of the issues related to it.

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Croome, Beric John. "Taxpayers rights in South Africa: An analysis and evaluation of the extent to which the powers of the South African Revenue service comply with the constitutional rights to poverty, privacy, administrative justice, access to information and access to." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4594.

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Terra, Luciana Bomfim. "A implementação da Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) na Universidade Federal da Bahia." Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2014. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/17220.

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A implementação da Lei de Acesso à Informação, no Brasil, é um tema ainda pouco explorado, tendo em vista a recente aprovação da Lei 12.527/2011, que entrou em vigor em 16 de maio de 2012, através do Decreto 7.724. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo a analise de como a Universidade Federal da Bahia vem implementando a LAI e como vem acontecendo a produção e a disponibilização das informações para o cidadão, sob a ótica da transparência apregoada pela Controladoria-Geral da União. Para isso, foram utilizados os parâmetros teóricos, baseados nos estudos de Carter, Neuman e Calland que foram organizados em três dimensões: legal, institucional e social. Através da pesquisa documental e de entrevistas realizadas com os servidores da UFBA, foi possível desenvolver o estudo de caso, numa abordagem qualitativa. Com os resultados alcançados, conclui-se que a UFBA vem atendendo às exigências legais, parcialmente, e não está preparada para a aplicação dos procedimentos necessários a fim de que a implementação da lei aconteça efetivamente. Dessa forma, está despreparada para assumir o compromisso com a transparência das informações governamentais. The implementation of the Law on Access to Information, in Brazil, is still a relatively unexplored subject in view of the recent adoption of the Law 12.527/2011, which entered into force on May 16, 2012, through Decree 7.724 This research aimed to examine how the Universidade Federal da Bahia has been implementing the LAI is happening and how the production and provision of information to the citizens, from the perspective of transparency touted by the Controladoria Geral da União. For this, we used the theoretical parameters, based on studies of Carter, Neuman and Calland which were organized in three dimensions: legal, institutional and social. Through desk research and interviews with the officers of the University, it was possible to develop the case study, a qualitative descriptive approach. With a results obtained, it is concluded that the UFBA been meeting the legal requirements, partly, but is not prepared to the implementation of the necessary procedures to ensure that the implementation of the law effectively happen. Thus, is unprepared to commit to transparency of government information. Keywords:

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Hona, Zakuthwani Alfred. "The Applicability of the Promotion of Access to Information Act 2 of 2000 and Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 to the South African Legal Practice Council." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32278.

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Section 33 of the Constitution guarantees to everyone the right to just administrative action that is lawful, reasonable and procedurally fair. The Promotion of Administrative Justice Act 3 of 2000 (“PAJA”) was promulgated to give effect to give effect to this fundamental right as envisaged in s 33(3) of the Constitution. Section 32 of the Constitution also guarantees to everyone the right of access to information. The Promotion of Access to Information Act 2 of 2000 (“PAIA”) was promulgated to give effect to this fundamental right as contemplated in s 32(2) of the Constitution. This thesis considers the extent to which the provisions of PAJA may be applicable to the actions of the South African Legal Practice Council (“the LPC”). It also considers the extent to which the provisions of PAIA may be applicable to the records of the LPC. Some remedial legislative amendments to the provisions of both PAJA and PAIA are recommended with the view of addressing certain identified legal obstacles. The proposed legislative amendments will enhance the exercise, realisation, enforcement and protection of both the right to just administrative action and the right of access to information.

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Brase, Susanne. "Public figures' right to privacy, private law constraints on the media's rights to access and to publish information : a Canadian-German comparative study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/MQ36006.pdf.

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Raddatz, Fabian Sydney. "Access to environmental information - the International perspective and a comparative review of South African and German law in the context of Nuclear Energy Development." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4493.

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SANTOS, Mônica Augusta dos. "Análise do serviço de informação ao cidadão das instituições federais de ensino da Região Nordeste." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18672.

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Desde a implementação da Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI), em 2012, percebese uma busca intensiva da sociedade por informações de domínio público e a maior participação nas decisões governamentais, em relação à aplicação dos recursos públicos. O cumprimento da LAI resulta em práticas de transparência nas instituições, por meio da cultura do acesso e da oferta de serviços de informação à sociedade. Nesse sentido, a Ciência da Informação pode contribuir tanto nos processos de organização, disponibilização e acesso à informação, assim como na identificação das necessidades de informação dos usuários e na criação de uma base dos dados mais relevantes. Diante desse contexto, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os Serviços de Informação ao Cidadão (SICs), com foco no seu funcionamento, estrutura organizacional e no fluxo de informações utilizado. Permitindo assim, identificar pontos positivos e dificuldades que esses órgãos possam vivenciar no seu papel de facilitadores do acesso à informação. A pesquisa quanto aos objetivos é descritiva e tem natureza qualitativa e quantitativa. Quanto às fontes de dados é bibliográfica. Quanto aos procedimentos de coleta de dados foram utilizadas as técnicas de pesquisa documental e de levantamento, por meio de aplicação de questionário e realização de entrevista semiestruturada com os respondentes do sistema e-SIC das instituições da amostra. Como amostra selecionou-se as Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior do Nordeste com mais pedidos de informação no SIC, o que resultou em nove instituições. Os resultados obtidos forneceram embasamento para considerações importantes, das quais se destaca que os anos de cultura do segredo vivenciados pelas instituições e muitos dos seus servidores, ainda são um empecilho para que o fluxo informacional (desde o pedido de informação pelo cidadão até sua respectiva resposta) ocorra sem atrasos ou dificuldades, de forma eficiente. Outro destaque é para a inexperiência dos agentes públicos responsáveis pelo atendimento no SIC, assim como a ausência de ferramentas e técnicas para facilitar a localização de pedidos já respondidos e a falta de organização das informações coletadas na instituição, o que poderia facilitar a resposta a pedidos de informações com assuntos recorrentes no SIC. Conclui-se que é necessária a adoção de medidas no sentido de conscientizar e deixar mais claro o teor da LAI a todos os envolvidos no fluxo informacional para resposta aos pedidos de informação ao SIC, o que já ocorre em algumas instituições. De fato, a informação é o caminho para a cidadania, uma vez que é por meio dela que os cidadãos podem conhecer e exercer seus direitos na sociedade em que vivem.
Since the implementation of the Access to Information Act (LAI), in 2012, one sees an intensive search of society for public information and greater participation in government decisions regarding the use of public resources. Compliance with the LAI results in transparency practices in institutions, through the culture of access and the provision of information society services. In this sense, information science can contribute both in organizational processes, availability and access to information, as well as the identification of users' information needs and the creation of a base of the most relevant data. This research aimed to analyze the Citizens Information Services (SICs), focusing on its operation, organizational structure and flow of information. Thus allowing to identify strengths and difficulties that these organs can experience in their role as facilitators of access to information. Related to the aims, this research is descriptive, qualitative and quantitative. The data source is literature. As data collection procedures were used the techniques of documentary research and survey through questionnaire and carrying out semi-structured interviews with respondents of SIC in the institutional sample. As sample were selected the Federal Institutions of Higher Education of the Northeast with more requests for information on the SIC, which resulted in nine universities representing each state. The results provided basis for important considerations, which can be noted that the years of secrecy culture experienced by institutions and many of its servers, is still a stumbling block for the information flow (from the request for information by the citizen to their response) occurs without delays or difficulties efficiently. Another highlight is also the lack of experience of public officials responsible for serving the SIC, as well as the lack of tools and techniques to facilitate the location of applications already answered and the disorganization of the information collected in the institution, which could avoid the registration of further requests for information with recurring issues in the SIC. It is concluded that it is necessary to adopt measures to raise awareness and make clearer the content of LAI to all involved in the information flow to the requests for information to the SIC, which already occurs in some institutions. In fact, information is the path to citizenship, since it is through it that citizens can know and exercise their rights in the society in which they live.

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Etemire, Uzuazo. "Law and practice on public access to environmental information and participation in environmental decision-making : a comparative analysis of Nigerian legal regime with international best practice." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25556.

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Public participation in environmental matters is widely acknowledged as having the potential to improve environmental governance and public wellbeing significantly. Hence, the concept of public participation, in terms of public access to environmental information and decision-making processes, has been a recurring theme in international environmental law for decades, with several instruments calling on states to guarantee the concept in their laws and practices effectively. However, even though Nigeria has ratified and committed itself to many of such international regimes, the country is still widely known for its extensive and increasing environmental pollution, and their consequential harm to public wellbeing. This situation raises serious questions about the value and adequacy of Nigeria's laws and practices on public access to environmental information and decision-making processes, in terms of whether they meet international legal standards to which Nigeria aspires or is committed, as well as reasonably allow for effective public participation. In this light, this thesis assesses primarily the value and adequacy of Nigeria's laws on public participation in environmental matters (mainly, the recent 2011 Freedom of Information Act and the 1992 Environmental Impact Assessment Act) and their implementation. This assessment is largely done against the backdrop of what is considered international best practice on the subject-matter as generally reflected in UNECE's Aarhus Convention. Although Nigeria is not a party to the Aarhus Convention, it is argued that the Convention, broadly reflective of Nigeria's international environmental law commitments, is legally and politically relevant to her. This comparative analysis will reveal areas where Nigerian laws and practices align with, probably go beyond, as well as fall short of best practice. This will also enable recommendations for law-reform to be made (in consideration of relevant socio-economic and political factors in Nigeria) in order to better ensure the practical realisation of the ideals of environmental public participation and that Nigeria is in compliance with its international commitments.

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Franco, Izabel da Mota. "Repositórios digitais institucionais: um viés pela lei de acesso à informação." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1144.

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Universities, as spaces for the production and transfer of scientific knowledge, concentrate the work of professors and researchers, generating several studies in various areas, that need to be disseminated and used to ensure the progress of science. Open Access Institutional Repositories (IRs) were created to meet this need of promoting the greater propagation of knowledge, until then hindered by the costs of access to scientific journals, especially the ones originating in Europe and the USA. In Brazil, the concern with open access is more recent; it dates from 2005, but from 2011, it was boosted with the establishment of the Information Access Act (Law No. 12.527, from 11/18/2011). This aims to extend, enforce transparency and speed up access to information to the general public, making the institutions more visible with social and economic relevance, which thus demonstrates the public value of their activities. Given this scenario, many institutions in Brazil are striving to systematically provide access to all kinds of information that they generate (the organization‟s products of an artistic, technological, academic, scientific and cultural character). This includes so-called grey literature, which is made up of technical reports, research, government publications, single translations, preprints, theses, dissertations and literature originated from scientific meetings, such as congressesannals. Under these circumstances, the scientific and functional communities of institutions can rely on the RI as a tool to retrieve, disseminate and preserve institutional memory and access to other universities and the Brazilian society. In this context, the central theme of the present research is open access, and its object of study is the concept and policies related to Institutional Repositories (IRs). The research is centered on the question of the possible need to expand the concept of Institutional Repository, going beyond being exclusively for the storage and dissemination of scientific communications. The objective of this research is to find and point out potential subsidies for the development of an IR policy that covers this wider concept. In order to do so, we will use bibliographical research, adopting systematic data collection, according to a list of terms as key points. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in the process of dissemination of information generated at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). Data analysis was performed qualitatively; the analytical categories were identified in the survey at the stage of bibliographical research and content analysis was used to analyze the interviews. The results of this study systematize concepts and arguments that can underpin the formulation of an IR policy to cover both the need for greater disclosure and dissemination of scientific information to the scientific community and the general public, as well as public information for the same communities.
As universidades, como espaços de produção e transferência do conhecimento científico, concentram o trabalho de docentes e pesquisadores, gerando vários estudos, em diversas áreas, que precisam ser disseminados e usados para garantir o progresso da ciência. Os Repositórios Institucionais (RIs) de Acesso Aberto surgem para atender essa necessidade de favorecer maior divulgação, até então impedida pelos custos de acesso às revistas científicas, sobretudo nos países da Europa e nos EUA. No Brasil, a preocupação com o Acesso Aberto é mais recente: data de 2005; mas a partir de 2011 ganha impulso, com a instituição da Lei de Acesso à Informação (Lei nº 12.527, de 18 de novembro de 2011). A lei objetiva estender, dar transparência e acelerar o acesso à informação ao público em geral, tornando as instituições mais visíveis, com relevância social e econômica, demonstrando assim o valor público de suas atividades. Diante desse cenário, muitas instituições no Brasil estão se esforçando para sistematicamente disponibilizar o acesso às informações de todo tipo que geram (produção de caráter artístico, tecnológico, acadêmico, científico e cultural da organização). Isso inclui a denominada Literatura Cinzenta, que são relatórios técnicos, de pesquisa, publicações governamentais, traduções avulsas, preprints, dissertações, teses e literatura originada de encontros científicos, como os anais de congressos. Nesta circunstância, a comunidade científica e a comunidade funcional das instituições podem se apoiar nessa ferramenta (RI), que possibilita a recuperação, a disseminação, a preservação da memória institucional e o acesso para outras universidades e para a sociedade brasileira. Neste contexto, a proposta de pesquisa teve como tema geral o Acesso Aberto, e seu objeto de estudo são o conceito e as políticas relacionados aos Repositórios Institucionais (RIs). A pesquisa centralizou-se na questão da possível necessidade de ampliar o conceito de Repositório Institucional, indo além de ser exclusivamente para a guarda e disseminação da produção científica. O objetivo da pesquisa foi de levantar e apontar potenciais subsídios para a elaboração de uma política de RI que contemplasse um conceito mais amplo. Para tanto, foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica, adotando a coleta de dados sistematizada, de acordo com um rol de termos entendidos como pontos-chave. Junto com a pesquisa bibliográfica, realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com stakeholders no processo da disseminação das informações geradas na Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). A análise dos dados foi feita de forma qualitativa, sendo que as categorias analíticas foram identificadas no levantamento na fase da pesquisa bibliográfica; para análise das entrevistas optou-se pela análise de conteúdo. O resultado deste estudo se efetivou numa sistematização de conceitos e argumentos que puderam subsidiar a formulação de uma política de RI que abrangesse tanto a necessidade da maior divulgação e disseminação da informação científica, dentro da comunidade científica e para o público em geral, quanto da informação pública para as mesmas comunidades.

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Mendonça, Germana Oliveira Almeida de. "Acesso à informação pública na UFPB: estudo de caso da Coordenação de Contabilidade e Finanças da PRA." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9712.

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In the current context, access to public information has become an important instrument to promote transparency and insertion in the economy, and in the globalized information system. Studies released in this area have showed that countries which own laws to access public information and transparent economic indexes have registered less corruption rates, justifying, thus, legislative reviews and research on the subject in several regions around the world. From this scenario, the Coordination of Accounting and Finance Office of the Dean of Administration at Federal University of Paraíba recognizes it as a good and fundamental human right, and therefore it is not indifferent to a demand that arises with the Law on Access to Public Information. This research aims to analyze the accessibility to public information in the Accounting and Finance Coordination, in the Administrative Department at Federal University of Paraíba, based on the knowledge of the technical-administrative public empolyees on devices such as Law 12.527/2011. This research is of a descriptive nature, both qualitative and quantitative approach, that was developed through a case study. The data collection was conducted by a documentary research, by the application of mixed questionnaire and by direct observation structured in the website address of the institution. For this study, two methods were used to the treatment and analysis of the data obtained: For the quantitative ones, statistical analysis; and for the qualitative data, a content analysis. The theoretical reference addresses information as a necessary constructor for knowledge because it is motivated by the desire to satisfy a need and, therefore, to contemplate its own object of study of Information Science and as a public good; the archives as source of information and their access to the process of historical construction. After obtaining, treating, presenting and analyzing the research data, this study has showed that the empirical servers‘ field is not fundamental to Law 12.527/11, in which there are difficulties in communication, techniques, lack of modus operandi and classification of confidential information. These issues are reflected in the statistics registered by the Federal Comptroller General's Office. However, with regard to active transparency, Federal University of Paraíba‘s institutional webpage meets all the requirements of the Law on Access to Public Information for maintaining data and outdated information. Finally, despite a picture of insecurity and lack of knowledge, the study identifies the interest of the technical-administrative officials in knowing and deepening in the subject.
No contexto atual, o acesso à informação pública se torna um importante instrumento de promoção da transparência e inserção à economia e ao regime globalizado de informação. Estudos divulgados na área apontam que países que possuem leis de acesso às informações públicas e índices econômicos transparente registram taxas menores de corrupção, justificando dessa forma, as recorrentes legislações e pesquisas sobre a temática em várias regiões de todo o mundo. Diante desse cenário, a Coordenação de Contabilidade e Finanças da Pró-Reitoria de Administração da Universidade Federal da Paraíba a reconhece como bem e direito humano fundamental, e, portanto, não está indiferente a demanda que surge com a Lei de Acesso à Informação pública. O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar o acesso à informação pública na Coordenação de Contabilidade e Finanças, na Pró-Reitoria de Administração da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, a partir do conhecimento dos servidores técnico-administrativos acerca de dispositivos como a Lei nº 12.527/2011. A pesquisa tem natureza descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa/qualitativa, foi desenvolvida mediante estudo de caso. A coleta de dados se deu através da pesquisa documental, aplicação de questionário misto e observação direta estruturada no endereço eletrônico da instituição. Para o estudo foram utilizados dois métodos para tratar e analisar os dados obtidos: para os quantitativos a análise estatística; e para os dados qualitativos a análise de conteúdo. O referencial teórico aborda a informação como constructo necessário para o conhecimento por ser motivada pelo desejo de satisfazer uma necessidade, e, por isso, contempla os seus aspectos enquanto objeto de estudo da Ciência da Informação e como bem público; os arquivos como fonte de informação e o seu acesso enquanto processo de construção histórica. Após a obtenção, tratamento, apresentação e análise dos dados de pesquisa o estudo apresenta como resultado que aos servidores do campo empírico não possuem conhecimento profundo sobre a Lei nº 12.527/11, onde foram pontuadas dificuldades de comunicação, técnicas, inexistência de modus operandi e classificação da informação sigilosa. Tais questões apontadas refletem, inclusive, em estatística registrada pela Controladoria Geral da União. No entanto, no que se refere à transparência ativa a página eletrônica institucional da Universidade Federal da Paraíba atende parcialmente aos quesitos prescritos na Lei de Acesso à informação Pública por manter dados e informações desatualizadas. Por fim, apesar de um quadro de insegurança e desconhecimento identificamos o interesse dos funcionários técnico-administrativos em conhecer e se aprofundar no tema.

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Costa, Ubirajara Carvalheira. "Efeitos da Lei de Acesso à Informação: empregabilidade de arquivistas no setor público federal." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/2902.

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Analisar e medir os possíveis impactos da Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) - nº 12.527/2011 através da identificação de concursos públicos para arquivistas. Afirmar que a criação da LAI é uma oportunidade para o fortalecimento do Estado democrático de direito, perguntar sobre as estruturas administrativas e de pessoal para promover a gestão arquivística necessária ao acesso. Parte-se das noções e conceitos de políticas públicas, de acesso, das necessárias infraestruturas informacionais. Utiliza-se como metodologia o levantamento dos concursos para arquivistas no serviço público federal na fonte primária Diário Oficial da União - online, Seção III entre os anos de 2006 a 2014, por meio dos termos de recuperação: “arquivista”, “arquivologista”, “arquivólogo” e “Arquivologia”. Para apresentação dos resultados, são consolidados quadros e gráficos demonstrativos dos movimentos de seleção de arquivistas via concursos públicos. Os resultados detectam maior oferta de vagas nos anos 2006, 2008 e 2009, antes da LAI. As conclusões denotam um movimento de seleção de arquivistas maior nos anos em que a LAI vinha sendo discutida no âmbito da Presidência da República e da UNESCO.
Analyze and measures the possible impacts of the Information Access Act (LAI - Law No. 12,527/2011) through civil public concourse for archivists. Affirm that the creation of the LAI is an opportunity to strengthen the democratic State of law, ask about the administrative structures and staff to promote the archival management needed to provide to access. It starts with the ideas and concepts of public policies, access and the necessary informational infrastructure. It uses as methodology the survey of civil service exams for archivists in the federal public service, and as primary source the Official State Gazette, Section III, between years 2006-2014, through they researched in the online version (http://portal.in.gov.br) the following keywords: "archivist” and "Archival" in Portuguese version. To present the results were consolidated charts and graphs showing the staff drift via civil service exam and compare the enunciation of the needing for archivists. The results detect greater number of places in the years 2006, 2008 and 2009, before the LAI. The results show a selection of archivists move higher in years when the LAI was being discussed within the Presidency of the Republic and UNESCO.

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Landa, Arroyo César. "The comparative constitutional law on national constitutional system: with regard to the IX World Congress of Constitutional Law." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116290.

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From the process of globalization of law, the comparative constitutional law has gained a leading role for a better understanding and solving old and new constitutional national and international challenges. Therefore, some assumptions and considerations to take into account are presented for the development of the national constitutional order within the framework of the comparative constitutional law, such as universality and relativism of human rights; the concept of power and constitutional democracy; standards of free elections and judicial independence; freedom of expression, media pluralism and access to public information; the economic,social and cultural rights; the new fundamental rights.
A partir del proceso de globalización del derecho, el derecho constitucional comparado ha ido adquiriendo un rol protagónico para una mejor comprensión y solución de los viejos y nuevos desafíos constitucionales, tanto nacionales como internacionales. Por ello, se presentan algunos presupuestos y consideraciones temáticas a tomar en cuenta para el desarrollo del ordenamiento constitucional nacional en el marco del derecho constitucional comparado, tales como la universalidad y el relativismo de los derechos humanos; el concepto de poder y democracia constitucional; los estándares de elecciones libres e independencia judicial; la libertad de expresión, la pluralidad informativa y el acceso a la información pública; los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales, y; los nuevos derechos fundamentales.

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Montenegro, Junior Carlos Alberto Assis. "A lei de acesso à informação: o processo de implementação no Instituto Federal de Educação da Paraíba." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7964.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Various segments of society have increasingly claiming efficient public services, which has created new philosophies of work focused on enhancing the public dialogue and transparency of information in the custody of the state. Within this approach, there is the Access to Information Act (LAI), which brought significant changes in the treatment and provision of information by the Brazilian Public Administration. Faced with the developments and changes that have occurred on the issue of access to information by various forces - government, international organizations, society, technology - it becomes much important to know how is in practice the implementations provided by the legislation, as far it is known, the full implementation of the resolutions on the LAI is not yet a reality in all organs of the Brazilian Public Administration. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the implementation process of the access Act to Information under the Federal Institute of Education , Science and Technology of Paraíba (IFPB), a federal agency that provides public services within the technology education at different levels and modalities teaching, research and extension. Then were collected through literature, from books, websites, magazines and periodicals, issues such as efficiency in the Public Service, Information Society and the Access to Information Act. As a case study, took up as drive object of the Rectory of IFPB, from which it was possible to analyze how is the implementation of LAI in your environment using the technique of observation of their official website, as well as interviews with six of its servers. According to its qualitative method of processing the data, we used content analysis to analyze the results, where categories were created for the results, which was presented from its relation to the specific objectives of the work. After analyzing the results and their confrontation with the theoretical basis of this research, it was concluded that the implementation process of LAI in IFPB has not met all the main determinations of law listed in this work. It was found that, in relation to the awareness about the law, it is necessary to create mechanisms that foster more properly and that the institute's website has met the vast majority of determinations. With regard to the Citizen Information Service (SIC), some specific changes presented in this work need to be done to realize their full operation.
Diversos segmentos da sociedade têm cada vez mais reivindicado serviços públicos eficientes, o que tem criado novas filosofias de trabalho focadas na valorização do diálogo público e da transparência das informações sob a guarda do Estado. Dentro deste enfoque, destaca-se a Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI), a qual trouxe mudanças significativas no tratamento e disponibilização das informações por parte do Administração Pública Brasileira. Diante das evoluções e mudanças que têm ocorrido na questão do acesso à informações por parte de diversas forças – governo, organismos internacionais, sociedade, tecnologia – torna-se de grande relevância conhecer como se dá na prática as implementações previstas na legislação, uma vez que, até onde se tem conhecimento, a plena aplicação das determinações na LAI ainda não é realidade em todos os órgãos da Administração Pública Brasileira. Sendo assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o processo de implementação da Lei de Acesso à Informação no âmbito do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba (IFPB), autarquia federal que presta serviços públicos no âmbito da educação tecnológica, nos diferentes níveis e modalidades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Foram então coletados por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir de livros, sites, revistas e periódicos, temas como Eficiência no Serviço Público, Informação para a Sociedade e a Lei de Acesso à Informação. Sendo um estudo de caso, teve-se como objeto a unidade da Reitoria do IFPB, a partir da qual foi possível analisar como se encontra a implementação da LAI em seu ambiente utilizando-se da técnica da observação do seu site oficial, bem como de entrevistas realizadas com seis de seus servidores. De acordo com seu método qualitativo de tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo para a análise dos resultados, onde foram criadas categorias para os resultados, a qual foi apresentado a partir de sua relação com os objetivos específicos do trabalho. Após as análises dos resultados e sua confrontação com a base teórica desta pesquisa, pôde-se concluir que o processo de implementação da LAI no IFPB não tem atendido a todas as principais determinações da lei elencadas neste trabalho. Constatou-se que, em relação à conscientização acerca da lei, é preciso criar mecanismos que a fomente com mais propriedade e que o site do instituto tem atendido à grande maioria das determinações. No que se refere ao Serviço de Informação ao Cidadão (SIC), algumas mudanças específicas apresentadas neste trabalho precisam ser feitas para tornar realidade seu pleno funcionamento.

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Borges, Eduardo Bizzo de Pinho. "Transparência da governança florestal na Amazônia: uma análise de cumprimento da Lei de Acesso à Informação nos estados." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15476.

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The effectiveness of policies to reduce deforestation depends on the capacity of national and sub-national governments, together with society and the market, for formulating, implementing and supervising those policies. Such capacity reflects the quality of forest governance, a concept that refers to the exercise of power in the political process related to the use of forest resources and which has the transparency as one of its key components. Whereas the Access to Information Law (LAI) is one of the most important legal instruments in order to ensure transparency to the Brazilian Public Administration, this study evaluates the transparency of state institutions responsible for the forest governance in the Amazon, through the degree of compliance with LAI. The results point to a still low implementation of this law in the active transparency (the dissemination of information regardless of order), and especially in passive transparency (responses to access to information requests). On this subject, only 15.7% of the requests prepared were responded on legal term, with a mean of 11.7 days response and the accuracy rate of only 5%. This low implementation is adherent to the hypothesis that the factors that would encourage the adoption of transparency mechanisms in the region are weaker than their barriers.
A efetividade das políticas para a redução do desmatamento depende da capacidade dos governos nacionais e subnacionais, em conjunto com a sociedade e o mercado, em formular, implementar e fiscalizar tais políticas. Tal capacidade reflete a qualidade da governança florestal, conceito que se refere ao exercício de poder no processo político relacionado à utilização de recursos florestais e que tem a transparência como um de seus componentes fundamentais. Considerando que a Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) é um dos mais relevantes instrumentos legais com propósito de assegurar transparência à administração pública brasileira, o presente trabalho avalia a transparência das instituições estaduais responsáveis pela política florestal na Amazônia, por meio do grau de cumprimento da LAI. Os resultados apontam para uma implementação ainda baixa desta Lei na transparência ativa (informações que divulgam independente de pedidos) e, principalmente, na transparência passiva (respostas a pedidos de acesso à informação). Neste assunto, apenas 15,7% dos pedidos foram respondidos no prazo, com tempo médio de resposta de 11,7 dias e a taxa de precisão de apenas 5%. A baixa implementação de facto é aderente à hipótese de que os fatores que incentivariam a adoção de mecanismos de transparência na região são mais fracos que suas barreiras.

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Marques, Simone Beatriz Santos da Silva. "Transparência nos pequenos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul: um estudo sobre a divulgação de indicadores da LRF e da LAI." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3958.

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Nesse estudo se analisa a evidenciação nas páginas eletrônicas de Prefeituras Municipais de municípios do Rio Grande do Sul com população entre 10 mil e 50 mil habitantes, de indicadores exigidos na Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal (LRF) e na Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI). A pesquisa é classificada como aplicada, com abordagem quantitativa dos dados, descritiva quanto ao seu objetivo e documental em relação ao procedimento técnico, contando com uma amostra de 94 municípios. Ao todo foi examinada a divulgação de 32 indicadores, sendo 16 referentes à LRF e 16 referentes à LAI. As análises levaram em consideração a freqüência da divulgação e a influência na divulgação de fatores como: mesorregiões, partido político do prefeito, população, receita corrente líquida, PIB per capita, índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH-M) e taxa de analfabetismo. Os dados obtidos revelam uma baixa aderência média das prefeituras na divulgação de indicadores da LRF e uma aderência um pouco mais satisfatória quanto à divulgação de indicadores da LAI; e que a população dos municípios influencia na maior ou menor evidenciação; o montante de receita corrente líquida tem influência moderada; e não há diferença nos níveis de divulgação de indicadores da LRF e LAI em municípios com maior ou menor PIB per capita, IDH e taxa de analfabetismo.
In this research we analyze the existence in the electronic pages of the City Hall of the municipalities in the Rio Grande do Sul State, whose population number floats in between ten, thousand and fifty thousand inhabitants to find indicators demanded by the Fiscal Responsibility Law and the Information Access Law . The research is classified as applied, with a quantitative approach of data, descriptive in its objectives and documentary in the relation to the technical procedure counting on a sample of 94 municipalities. Altogether was examined the disclosure of 32 indicators, 16 refer to the LRF and 16 refer to the LAI. The analysis considered the frequency of the disclosure and the influences in the factors disclosure such as: population, net current income, per capita Gross National Product, Human Development index and illiteracy rate. The obtained data reveal a low medium adherence of governments in disseminating indicators of LRF the City Hall over the LRF disclosure indicators and a little bit more satisfactory adherence of the City Hall related to LAI indicators disclosure and that the municipalities population influences the major or minor evidence; the amount of the net current income has a moderate influence and there is no difference in the LRF and LAI indicators disclosure levels in the municipalities with major or minor per capita GNP, HDR and illiteracy rate.

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Orthmann, Mark. "Der Informationsanspruch zum Nachweis des Kartellschadens aus der Perspektive des Rechtsanwalts." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17053.

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Die Arbeit soll zeigen, dass es zu einer breiteren Durchsetzung von Schadensersatzansprüchen wegen kartellrechtswidrigem Verhalten eines eigenständigen Informationsanspruchs des Rechtsanwalts als Organ der Rechtspflege gegenüber der EU-Kommission und den deutschen Kartellbehörden bedarf, und zwar sowohl aus tatsächlicher Notwendigkeit, als auch auf Grund europarechtlicher und grundgesetzlicher Vorgaben. Anhand des europarechtlichen Effektivitätsgrundsatzes aus Art. 4 Abs. 3 EUV und des Rechts auf effektiven Rechtsschutz aus Art. 47 der EU-Grundrechtecharta bzw. des Justizgewährungsanspruchs als Ausfluss des Rechtsstaatsprinzips, Art. 20 Abs. 3 GG, wird erörtert, wie ein solcher Anspruch mindestens beschaffen sein muss. Die Untersuchung bestehender, sekundärrechtlicher und einfachgesetzlicher Dokumentenzugangs-, Auskunfts- und Akteneinsichtsansprüche ergibt, dass bereits nach geltender Rechtslage dem Rechtsanwalt ein Informationsanspruch gegenüber der Europäischen Kommission und den deutschen Kartellbehörden zusteht. Die Interpretation der betreffenden Tatbestände nimmt hierbei die europarechtlichen und grundgesetzlichen Vorgaben auf und bewegt sich im Rahmen zulässiger Auslegung. Daneben wird ein Vorschlag unterbreitet, wie der Informationsanspruch über die Mindestvorgaben hinaus ausgestaltet werden könnte.
The work reveals that a for a better private enforcement of competition law in the form of damages claims an independent right of information vis-à-vis the EU-Commission and the German Cartel Authorities for an attorney without a client and a mandate is needed. This need not only derives from the factual necessity but also from European primary law and the German Grundgesetz. In light of the European principle of effectiveness, Article 4 para. 3 TEU, and the right to effective judicial protection, Article 47 EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and Article 20 para. 3 German Grundgesetz respectively, the author develops the right and its boundaries. The examination of information rights and rights to access documents in EU secondary law and German law then shows that an independent right of information and access to documents for an attorney without a client and a mandate already exists if the law is interpreted in accordance with the EU primary law and the German Grundgesetz. The author further develops a recommendation as to how such an information right could be extended beyond its core that is determined by EU primary law and the German Grundgesetz.

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Dafel, Michael. "The constitutional rebuilding of the South African private law : a choice between judicial and legislative law-making." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285563.

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A tension arises whenever the South African private law fails to meet constitutional right norms. To remedy a deficiency, two law-making options are available. The first is for the judiciary to develop or change private law principles and rules in order to provide protection for the implicated constitutional norm. The second is for the judiciary to enforce an obligation upon Parliament to enact legislation to amend or replace existing private law rights and obligations so as to safeguard the norm against interference from a private individual or entity. The former is the more conventional option, but, in recent years, the law reports record an increasing reliance on the legislative duty to protect constitutional right norms in private legal relationships. The thesis investigates the extent to which the latter phenomenon - which will be described as a 'pivot towards legislative remedies' - exists, and the circumstances in which the courts pivot towards legislative remedies rather than developing private law of their own accord. The thesis finds that legislative schemes that give effect to constitutional rights are likely to contain an array of benefits that are absent from or reduced in the judicial law-making process. The judicial pivot towards legislative remedies is thus a strategy to enhance the process through which conflicting rights are resolved, as it allows for the constitutional rebuilding of private law in a way that the judiciary is unable to do on its own. Importantly, however, theories of judicial deference do not explain the pivot. On the contrary, the courts have exercised a strict level of control over the legislative law-making pathway. Through either statutory interpretation or the review of legislation, the courts require legislation to contain the essentials of the judicial law-making framework. From this perspective, the judicial law-making process produces the floor of the rebuilding project and the legislative law-making process enhances that framework.

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Griffaton-Sonnet, Léo. "L'accès aux informations détenues par les agents publics : Allemagne, France, Royaume-Uni." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D091.

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L’objet de la présente thèse est de déterminer si les droits constitutionnels allemand, français et britannique garantissent à leurs citoyens un droit d’accès aux documents administratifs et de comparer les mécanismes juridiques en cause. La question de l’accès aux documents administratifs et aux informations qu’ils contiennent est désormais bien connue en droit administratif. Elle a occupé le législateur français (loi du 17 juillet 1978), le législateur fédéral allemand (loi du 5 septembre 2005) mais encore le Parlement britannique (loi du 30 novembre 2000). Au contraire, la question de la conformité des dispositions législatives ainsi adoptée aux cadres constitutionnels nationaux a été largement laissée de côté. Ainsi, la question de leur inconstitutionnalité, par une ouverture insuffisante ou exagérée du droit d’accès, n’est pas tranchée. En premier lieu, la Cour constitutionnelle fédérale allemande n’a jamais tranché clairement entre existence et inexistence d’un droit à l’accès aux documents administratifs opposable au législateur. En deuxième lieu, le Conseil constitutionnel français n’a jamais eu l’occasion de se prononcer sur le cadre législatif désormais contenu dans le Code des relations entre le public et l’administration. En troisième lieu, la jurisprudence britannique ne clarifie pas pleinement les rapports entre droit non écrit et la législation primaire de 2000. L’analyse comparée permet une meilleure connaissance du droit constitutionnel de l’accès aux informations détenues par les agents publics. En Allemagne, d’abord, il apparaît impossible de fonder un droit général d’accès aux documents administratifs sur les dispositions de la Loi fondamentale ; l’établissement d’un régime législatif de l’accès aux documents administratifs est donc laissé à la discrétion du législateur. En France, au contraire, un tel droit peut être appuyé sur l’article 15 de la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen, de telle sorte que le régime législatif existant pourrait être contesté comme insuffisamment libéral, par la voie d’une question prioritaire de constitutionnalité. Au Royaume-Uni, les conflits doctrinaux relatifs à la valeur des sources de droit de prérogative et de droit commun ne remettent pas en cause la pleine validité du régime établi en détail par la loi sur la liberté de l’information de 2000. Plus précisément, les États du champ de comparaison connaissent respectivement une habilitation du législateur à établir ou non un droit d’accès du public aux informations détenues par les agents publics (Allemagne), un droit général d’accès garanti mais largement indéterminé (France) et un droit d’accès non général mais précisément déterminé (Royaume-Uni)
This thesis aims at finding if the constitutional law of Germany, France and the United- Kingdom allows the citizens of these countries to access information held by public authorities, and to compare the legal mechanisms involved. The question of the existence of a general right of access to information held by public authorities is well known in the field of administrative law. The French (17 July 1978), German (5 September 2005) and British (30 November 2000) legislators have answered to this question. On the contrary, the question of the conformity of these legislative texts (with the exception of the British act) to the local constitutional law has been largely left unanswered. Indeed, a possibility exists that those laws are unconstitutional, be it by creating a too wide or too narrow right of access. Firstly, the German Federal Constitutional Court never clearly stated the existence or non-existence of a constitutional right of access to administrative documents that could be invoked against the legislator. Secondly, the French Constitutional Council never had a say as to the constitutionality of the 1978 law or the recent Code Regarding the Relations Between the Public and the Administration. Thirdly, the British case law is still divided regarding the relationships between the various sources of law on the matter, so that the exact relationship between the Freedom of Information Act 2000, common law and the royal prerogative remains unclear. A comparative analysis allows for a better understanding of the constitutional law regarding access to the information held by public authorities. Through that lens, it appears that in Germany, it is impossible to invoke a general right of access to such information through relying on the words of the Fundamental Law. The legislator is left free. In France, on the contrary, such a right exists within the article 15 of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, so that the constitutionality of the laws on the matter could be challenged through individual constitutional litigation. In the United-Kingdom, the said disagreements regarding the ranks and validity of prerogative powers and common law do not weigh on the validity of the Freedom of Information Act 2000, which can be considered as the sole constitutional source of public information law. More precisely, the constitutional laws of the compared states present the following situations: a delegation to the legislator of the power to create or not to create a general right of access to information held by public authorities (Germany), a general but highly imprecise right of access (France) and a non-general but highly precisely stated right of access (United-Kingdom)
Der Zweck dieser Doktorarbeit ist zu bemessen, ob die Verfassungen Deutschlands,Frankreichs und des Vereinigten Königreiches den Bürgern dieser Staaten einen Anspruch aufZugang zu Informationen, die im Besitz öffentlicher Stellen sind, vermitteln. Im Zuge dessenwerden auch die damit einhergehenden juristischen Mechanismen verglichen. Die Frage desZugangs zu öffentlichen Dokumenten und den darin enthaltenen Informationen ist heutzutageein wesentliches Themenfeld der Verwaltungsrechtslehre. Sowohl der französische Gesetzgeber (Gesetz vom 17. Juli 1978) als auch der deutsche Bundesgesetzgeber (Gesetz vom 5. September 2005) und das britische Parlament (Gesetz vom 30. November 2000) haben sich damitbefasst. Ob diese Gesetzte dem Einzelnen zu viel oder zu wenig Zugang gewähren und damitgegen die Verfassung verstoßen, ist weitgehend (mit Ausnahme des britischen Gesetzes) ungeklärt geblieben. Zunächst hat das deutsche Bundesverfassungsgericht nie eindeutig geklärt, obsich aus dem Grundgesetz ein Anspruch ableiten lässt, der durch das erlassene Gesetz nichterfüllt wird. Zweitens wurde der französische Verfassungsrat nie mit der Frage der Verfassungsmäßigkeit des Zugangsanspruches befasst. Dieses Problemwurde weder mit dem Gesetzvom 17. Juli 1978 noch mit dem Gesetzbuch über die Beziehungen zwischen Bürgern und Verwaltung aufgelöst. Drittens klärte die britische Rechtsprechung nie völlig die Rechtsbeziehungen zwischen dem ungeschriebenen Recht und dem Gesetz von 2000.Durch eine rechtsvergleichende Analyse wird es möglich, solche Fallkonstellationenbesser zu verstehen und diese verfassungsrechtlichen Fragen zu beantworten. In Deutschlandist es heutzutage nicht möglich, einen allgemeinen verfassungsrechtlichen Anspruch auf Zugang zu Informationen geltend zu machen; die Schaffung eines Verwaltungsinformationsrechtssteht dem Gesetzgeber offen. Im Gegensatz dazu, besteht in Frankreich ein solcher Anspruchaus dem Artikel 15 der Erklärung der Menschen- und Bürgerrechte, so dass das gesetzlicheRecht auf Zugang durch individuale Verfassungsbeschwerde geltend gemacht werden kann. ImVereinigten Königreich haben die Meinungsverschiedenheiten in der Lehre über Wert und Geltung der Rechtsquellen keinen Einfluss auf die Wirkung des Gesetzes aus dem Jahr 2000.Durch den Vergleich der Verfassungsrechte wird deutlich, dass der Gesetzgeber zur Schaffungeines Rechts auf Zugang zu Informationen im Besitz öffentlicher Stellen ermächtigt wird(Deutschland), dass ein allgemeines, aber unbestimmtes Recht auf Zugang besteht (Frankreich)oder ein nicht allgemeines, aber voll bestimmtes Recht auf Zugang existiert (Vereinigtes Königreich)

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Sousa, Antonio Gouveia de. "Democracia e lei de acesso à informação no governo do Estado de São Paulo : análise de recursos interpostos pelos cidadãos no período de 2013 a 2016." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.

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Orientadora: Prof. Dra. Maria Gabriela Silva Martins da Cunha Marinho
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Humanas e Sociais, 2017.
A Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem e do Cidadão de 1789 é considerada por alguns estudiosos o marco legal do direito de acesso à informação pública na sociedade ocidental. Essa declaração inova ao explicitar o direito de acesso à informação como direito humano fundamental, influenciando constituições de diferentes países que passaram a versar pela primeira vez o direito de acesso à informação em seus artigos, contribuindo para o surgimento de leis específicas regulamentando o assunto. Verifica-se assim, que há um processo de expansão da publicação de leis de acesso à informação em diferentes democracias consolidadas ou em vias de consolidação. Tal processo é resultado da atuação da sociedade civil que pressionou seus governos para obter o direito de se informar sobre os abusos anteriores desses governos, principalmente nos países que passaram por regimes ditatoriais, e das pressões das organizações internacionais que publicaram diferentes tratados internacionais versando sobre a transparência pública e o combate à corrupção. A promoção da política de acesso à informação é indispensável para a concretização da participação dos cidadãos na vida pública e política, resguardando o seu direito de controlar e vigiar as ações e decisões de seus governos eleitos democraticamente. Em 2011 o Brasil regulamentou a sua lei de acesso à informação, depois de vinte e três anos da promulgação da Constituição e após oito anos de tramitação, sendo o 90º país no mundo a regulamentá-la. O país foi, portanto, retardatário, considerando que diferentes países já haviam feito essa regulamentação bem anteriormente, por exemplo, o México, em 2002. As raízes patrimonialistas e conservadora, a postura autoritária do serviço público herdada do regime civil-militar que ainda resiste às mudanças, a falta de impessoalidade e publicidade nas relações políticas, as recorrentes práticas de corrupção, e o despreparo da classe política para lidar com as questões de transparência, participação e controle social são fatores que podem explicar semelhante atraso para a regulamentação e implementação da lei de acesso no Brasil. Todavia, o direito a informação é um indicador de cidadania e está assegurado na Constituição brasileira de 1988, tendo sido regulamentado pela lei federal 12.527, de 2011. No Estado de São Paulo a lei federal foi regulamentada pelo decreto 58.052, de 2012. Esta pesquisa analisa a política pública de acesso à informação do Governo do Estado de São Paulo com enfoque no Serviço de Informação ao Cidadão (SIC), num aspecto basilar: as solicitações de informações feitas pelos cidadãos que tiveram o acesso negado em primeira instância recursal pelos gestores públicos e foram parar na segunda instância entre o período de 2013 a 2016. Na finalidade de demonstrar como se configuraram as arbitrariedades dos gestores públicos ao se utilizarem de sua margem discricionária de decisão administrativa nessas negativas, considerando os regramentos emanados da Constituição e da lei de acesso. A discussão proposta só é possível numa perspectiva interdisciplinar, pois há diferentes questões sociais, culturais e políticas envolvidas no processo de regulamentação e implementação da lei de acesso na administração pública, principalmente pelo ineditismo da lei de acesso no Brasil e da análise proposta.
The Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen of 1789 is considered by some scholars the legal demarcation of the right of access to public information in Western society. This declaration innovates by explaining the right of access to information as a fundamental human right, influencing constitutions of different countries that started to deal for the first time with the right of access to information in their articles, contributing to the emergence of specific regulatory laws concerning this subject. This way it is verified that, there is a process of expanding the publication of access to information laws in different democracies consolidated or under consolidation. This process is the result of civil society action pressioning governments for obtain the right to be informed of past abuses by these governments, especially in countries that have gone through dictatorial regimes, and the pressures of international organizations that have published different international treaties on public transparency and the fight against corruption. The promotion of the policy of access to information is indispensable for the realization of citizens' participation in public and political life, safeguarding their right to control and vicarious as actions and decisions of their democratically elected governments. In 2011 Brazil regulated its law on access to information, after twenty-three years of promulgation of the Constitution and after the years of tramitation, being the 90th country in the world to regulate it. The country was therefore laggard, considering that different countries had already done this regulation well before, for example Mexico in 2002. The patrimonialist and conservative roots, an authoritarian posture of the public service inherited from the civil-military regime that still resists to changes, the lack of impersonality and publicity in political relations, such as practical recurrences of corruption, and the unpreparedness of the political class to deal with issues of transparency, participation and social control are factors that can be advanced towards a regulation and implementation of the Law of Access in Brazil. However, the right to information is an indicator of citizenship and is guaranteed in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, and was regulated by federal law 12,527 of 2011. In the State of São Paulo, this federal law was regulated by Decree 58,052, of 2012. This research analyze the public policy of access to information of the Government of the State of São Paulo with a focus on Citizen Information Service (SIC), in a basilar aspect: the requests for information made by citizens who were denied access at first instance by public managers and went to the second instance between the period from 2013 to 2016. In purpose to demonstrate how the arbitrariness of public managers when using their discretionary margin of administrative decision in these negative ones, considering the regulations emanated from the Constitution and access law. The proposed discussion is only possible in an interdisciplinary perspective, since there are different social, cultural and political issues involved in the process of regulation and implementation of access law in public administration, mainly due to the novelty of the access law in Brazil and the proposed analysis.

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Komono, Emery Sumie Masuko [UNESP]. "Comunicação e informação no portal eletrônico da previdência social." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151632.

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Os princípios democráticos introduzidos com a Constituição Federal de 1988 contribuíram para remodelação da comunicação pública no Brasil, marcada pela adoção de critérios crescentemente participativos e intermediados por recursos tecnológicos. Assim, tanto a criação do Governo Eletrônico como a aprovação da Lei de Acesso à Informação decorrem de políticas públicas com vistas a aperfeiçoar o atendimento público e incentivar a participação popular numa sociedade amparada por condições de informação e comunicação. A Lei de Acesso à Informação, dentre outras inovações, passou a exigir dos órgãos públicos a disponibilização proativa das informações por meio da Internet em consonância com padrões de acessibilidade e usabilidade. Dentre os direitos sociais previstos pela Constituição, encontra-se a Previdência Social, cujas estatísticas e características demonstram ser detentora de uma expressiva demanda espontânea e emergencial. O presente estudo buscou analisar a disponibilização das informações com o uso dos recursos de acessibilidade e usabilidade pela Previdência Social por meio de seu Portal Eletrônico. A utilização das técnicas de Análise de Conteúdo associada à pesquisa bibliográfica possibilitou mensurar o grau de transparência ativa, acessibilidade, usabilidade e incentivo à participação popular no Portal da Previdência Social. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que a Previdência Social cumpre os requisitos da Lei de Acesso à Informação, ainda que parcialmente, de modo formal e objetivo; mas evidenciam a necessidade da efetiva otimização no uso dos recursos de usabilidade e acessibilidade para manutenção de um sítio eletrônico fácil, simples, direto, amigável e confiável, com possibilidades de oferecer autoatendimento virtual e aperfeiçoar o processo de interação, conhecimento e reconhecimento das necessidades e interesses dos cidadãos.
The democratic principles introduced with the Federal Constitution of 1988 contributed to the reshaping of public communication in Brazil, marked by the adoption of criteria that are increasingly participatory and intermediated by technological resources. Thus, both the creation of Electronic Government and the approval of the Law on Access to Information stem from public policies aimed at improving public service and encouraging popular participation in a society supported by conditions of information and communication. The Law on Access to Information, among other innovations, required public bodies to proactively provide information through the Internet in line with accessibility and usability standards. Among the social rights provided by the Constitution is Social Security, whose statistics and characteristics show that it has a significant spontaneous and emergency demand. The present study sought to analyze the availability of information with the use of accessibility and usability resources by Social Security through its Electronic Portal. The use of Content Analysis techniques associated with bibliographic research made it possible to measure the degree of active transparency, accessibility, usability and incentive to popular participation in the Social Security Portal. The results of the research show that Social Security meets the requirements of the Access to Information Law, even partially, in a formal and objective way; but demonstrate the need to effectively optimize the use of usability and accessibility resources to maintain an easy, simple, direct, friendly and reliable electronic site, with the possibility of offering virtual self-service and improving the process of interaction, knowledge and recognition of needs and interests of citizens.

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Araújo, Xenise Milhomem Brandão. "Governança pública : transparência nos portais eletrônicos de municípios tocantinenses e goianos." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6833.

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Esta pesquisa visou analisar o nível de transparência das informações sobre os atos da gestão pública divulgadas nos sítios eletrônicos de prefeituras de municípios dos estados de Tocantins e Goiás. Quanto à metodologia, é classificada como descritiva, documental e quantitativa. Foram acessados os sites oficiais de 66 prefeituras tocantinenses e 71 goianas, analisados por faixa populacional, separando os municípios obrigados e dispensados de publicar informações públicas em meio eletrônico. Os resultados dos 137 municípios, de modo geral, revelam que a observância à LAI, em média, foi melhor do que à LRF. As capitais se equiparam na conformidade com a LAI, mas relacionado à LRF, Palmas (TO) apresenta maior pontuação do que Goiânia (GO). Comparando a aderência à LAI, a pontuação média dos municípios goianos é maior do que a dos tocantinenses, exceto nos municípios com a faixa populacional acima de 100.000 habitantes, que ocorre o inverso. No quesito de obediência à LRF, o índice médio de Goiás é maior, o que se repete em todas as faixas populacionais verificadas. Concernente aos critérios acessibilidade, os estados se destacam na mesma proporção quanto aos aspectos avaliados. Já os aspectos da acessibilidade foram melhor mensurados em Tocantins.
This research aimed to analyze the level of transparency of the information about the public management acts disclosed in the websites of city halls of the states of Tocantins and Goiás. As for the methodology, it is classified as descriptive, documentary and quantitative. The official websites of 66 counties of Tocantins and 71 of Goiás, analyzed by population, were accessed, separating the municipalities required and exempted from publishing public information in electronic media. The results of the 137 municipalities, in general, show that compliance with LAI, on average, was better than that of the RFL. The capitals are equipped in compliance with the LAI, but related to the LRF, Palmas (TO) has a higher score than Goiânia (GO). Comparing the adherence to LAI, the average score of the municipalities of Goiás is higher than that of the Tocantins, except in municipalities with a population of over 100,000 inhabitants, which is the reverse. In the question of compliance with the LRF, the average index of Goiás is higher, which is repeated in all verified population ranges. Regarding accessibility criteria, the states stand out in the same proportion as the evaluated aspects. The aspects of accessibility were better measured in Tocantins.

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Silva, Andréia Gonçalves. "Informação legislativa ao alcance do cidadão: contribuição dos sistemas de organização do conhecimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27151/tde-18052015-155605/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A Lei de Acesso à Informação Pública (LAI) regulamenta o direito à informação estabelecido pela Constituição Federal de 1988, exigindo que os órgãos governamentais garantam o direito de acesso à informação pública mediante procedimentos objetivos e ágeis, de forma transparente, clara e em linguagem de fácil compreensão. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as leis produzidas pelo Legislativo podem ser consideradas \"informação pública\" e por isso devem ser disponibilizadas ao cidadão num formato simples e acessível. Para tanto, precisam ser organizadas, estruturadas e disseminadas, conforme as necessidades do público em geral. A Ciência da Informação, enquanto ciência responsável por investigar o fluxo da informação, desde a produção, até a disseminação e uso, busca atender às necessidades de informação de seus usuários via uso de metodologias e procedimentos específicos de organização da informação e do conhecimento. No escopo desta pesquisa sua ação não resultou em reescrever o texto das leis de forma simplificada, mas em criar métodos para sua organização e estruturação. OBJETIVO: Apresentar meios para melhorar o acesso à informação legislativa, com base em experiência realizada na elaboração de uma proposta de sistema de legislação previdenciária acessível para públicos não especialistas. MÉTODO: A partir do uso de metodologias da Organização Representação do Conhecimento, sobretudo dos Sistemas de Organização do Conhecimento, e das bases teóricas da Terminologia (teórica e concreta), da Análise de Conteúdos e da Arquitetura da Informação foi possível coletar, organizar e estruturar os termos da legislação previdenciária; estabelecer redes lógico-semânticas entre os conceitos; criar designações; nomear categorias e estabelecer relações entre categorias e termos (relação hierárquica, relação associativa e relação de equivalência); definir entradas preferenciais e estabelecer rótulos. RESULTADOS: A experiência de elaborar metodologias para melhorar o acesso à informação legislativa utilizando como modelo a legislação previdenciária se mostrou eficaz e pode ser aplicada a outras leis utilitárias ao cidadão, sobretudo as que regulamentam direitos sociais. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que é possível elaborar um sistema de informação legislativa a partir de metodologias da Organização e Representação do Conhecimento e de outras áreas que dialogam com a Ciência da Informação. A Lei de Acesso à Informação impõe que os órgãos públicos disponibilizem acesso à informação, no entanto, não é possível disponibilizar sem organizar. Do mesmo modo, não é possível disponibilizar sem adequar a linguagem à realidade do cidadão. Iniciativas que buscam combater a desinformação legislativa são necessárias e contribuem para o pleno exercício da cidadania, uma vez que possibilitam que o cidadão conheça seus direitos, não ignore seus deveres e participe das conquistas promovidas pela cidadania, tendo condição intelectual e senso crítico para debater os problemas da sociedade civil, buscando soluções que sejam benéficas para si e para a coletividade.
INTRODUCTION: The Law on Access to Public Information (LAI) regulates the right to information established by the 1988 Federal Constitution, demanding that the government agencies ensure the right of access to public information through objective and agile procedures, in a transparent and clear way with easy to understand language. It is assumed that the laws made by the Legislative branch can be considered \"public information\" and therefore should be made available to the public in a simple and accessible format. Thus, they need to be organized, structured and disseminated, according to the needs of the general public. The Science of Information, while science responsible for investigating the flow of information, from its production to its dissemination and use, seeks to meet the information needs of their users via the use of methodologies and specific procedures for the organization of the information and the knowledge. In the scope of this research its action did not result in rewriting the text laws in a simplified manner, but to create methods for its organization and structure. OBJECTIVE: To introduce ways to improve the access to legislative information, based on the experience in elaborating a proposal for a system of social security legislation accessible to non-specialists public. METHOD: From the use of methodologies of Organization Knowledge Representation, especially of Systems of Knowledge Organization, and the theoretical foundation of Terminology (theoretical and factual) of the Analysis of Content and Information Architecture, it was possible to collect, organize and structure the terms of social security legislation; to establish logical-semantic networks among the concepts; to create designations; to name categories and establish relations between categories and terms (hierarchical relationship, associative relationship and equivalence relationship); to set preferred entries and establish labels. RESULTS: The experience of developing methodologies for improving access to legislative information using the social security legislation as a model was effective and can be applied to other useful laws to citizen, particularly the ones governing the social rights. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that it is possible to develop a system of legislative information from methodologies of Organization and Representation of Knowledge and other areas that dialog with the Information Science. The Law on Access to Information imposes agencies to provide access to information, however, it is not possible to make them available without organizing them. Similarly, it is not possible to make them available without adapting the language to the reality of the citizen. Initiatives that seek to combat legislative misinformation are necessary and contribute to the full exercise of citizenship, once they enable the citizens to know their rights, do not ignore their duties and join the achievements promoted by citizenship, having intellectual condition and critical sense to discuss the problems of the civil society seeking solutions that can be beneficial to themselves and to the collectivity.

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Oliveira, Isis Akemi Morimoto Toschi. "Direito e Educação Ambiental: Estimulo à Participação Crítica e à Efetiva Aplicação de Normas Voltadas à Proteção Ambiental no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-29052014-211231/.

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Os problemas socioambientais enfrentados na atualidade apresentam novos desafios para a Educação Ambiental e para o Direito Ambiental. Dentre eles, destaca-se a necessidade de efetivação de ações e políticas públicas voltadas à ampliação do acesso a conhecimentos e práticas que contribuam para a emancipação, empoderamento e potencialização de pessoas e grupos para a participação em processos decisórios. Participação esta, que engloba desde a mudança individual de atitudes até o engajamento com causas políticas e socioambientais em benefício de toda a coletividade. No entanto, para que a participação popular ocorra de forma equilibrada e justa no sentido de corrigir possíveis injustiças sociais, seja bem informada e crítica para afastar qualquer possibilidade de manipulação, e apresente resultados efetivos de modo a não desmotivar os envolvidos nos diferentes processos participativos-democráticos, demonstra-se necessária a apropriação por parte dos cidadãos de mecanismos voltados ao controle social e ao melhor acesso à justiça. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho propôs-se a buscar contribuições provenientes da literatura e da doutrina dos campos do Direito Ambiental e da Educação Ambiental e a efetuar consultas junto a especialistas e participantes de iniciativas-piloto (cursos, oficinas e palestras) promovidas dentro da proposta de interface entre estas duas áreas do saber. Com a triangulação dos resultados obtidos e a realização de análises sobre questões relevantes surgidas no decorrer da pesquisa, concluiu-se que o desenvolvimento de práticas educativas que dialoguem com os preceitos da Educação Ambiental crítica e emancipatória e com os princípios, normas e instrumentos correlatos ao Direito Ambiental, efetuado de maneira contextualizada com os diversos aspectos relacionados às questões socioambientais, pode trazer grandes contribuições para o enfrentamento dos problemas socioambientais e configurar-se como um caminho promissor para a construção participativa de políticas públicas estruturantes voltadas ao estabelecimento de sociedades cada vez mais sustentáveis e justas. Dentre os potenciais benefícios vislumbrados com a implementação de tais políticas públicas, destacam-se: aumento da compreensão sobre as estruturas do Estado, acordos sociais e normas relacionadas à proteção ambiental; valorização das medidas preventivas de danos ao meio ambiente; internalização dos conceitos de direitos, deveres e responsabilidades compartilhadas e diferenciadas entre os diversos setores da sociedade; estímulo à análise crítica dos contextos em que se inserem as questões socioambientais; maior acesso à informação e à justiça em matéria de meio ambiente; diminuição na ocorrência de ilícitos ambientais e aumento da punição aos infratores de forma exemplar; manutenção da biodiversidade e dos processos ecológicos; revisão de atos e atitudes individuais e coletivas; auxílio na construção participativa de novos conhecimentos com o envolvimento de educadores e educandos; compreensão da importância do engajamento político e social para o benefício da coletividade; aumento do monitoramento da sociedade pela própria sociedade; e manutenção dos avanços legislativos já alcançados pelo País.
The environmental problems faced in our days present new challenges for Environmental Education and Environmental Law. Among them, we highlight the need for effective actions and intended to broaden access to knowledge and practices that contribute to the emancipation and empowerment of individuals and groups to participate in decision-making process. This kind of participation includes individual changes of attitudes and engagement with political and environmental causes for the benefit of the whole community. However, for the occurrence of popular participation in a balanced and fair way to correct social injustices, with the guarantee for the people of being well informed and able to avoid any possibility of manipulation, some mechanisms are required to increase social control and to improve the access to justice. In this context, the present study aimed to seek contributions from literature and doctrine related to Environmental Law and Environmental Education and also worked with the proposal to listen the opinions and reports of experiences from experts and participants of pilot initiatives (courses , workshops and lectures) promoted under the proposed of interface between these two fields of knowledge. With the method called triangulation of results and by conducting analyzes on relevant issues arising in the course of the study, the researcher was able to conclude that the development of educational practices that follow the principles of critical reflections and emancipatory actions related to the Environmental Education, and at the same time, adopting the principles, standards and tools that guide the Environmental Law issues, it is possible to bring important contributions to dealing with environmental problems and to increase the public participation in the construction of structural policies aimed at establishing sustainable societies. The potential benefits achieved with the implementation of this kind of public policy include: increasing the understanding about the state structures, social arrangements and laws related to environmental protection; enhancement of preventive actions to avoid environmental damages; internalization of the concepts of rights, duties and responsibilities shared among the different sectors of society; encouragement of the practice of critical analysis in the contexts that social and environmental issues are operated; improving access to information and justice in environmental matters; decreasing occurrence of environmental offenses and increasing punishment for offenders; maintenance of biodiversity and ecological processes; revision of individual and collective actions; aid in the construction of new knowledge with participation of researchers, teachers and students; increasing the understanding about the importance of political and social participation for the benefit of the whole community; improving the practice of monitoring and protecting environmental issues by the citizens; and maintenance of legislative progress already achieved by the Country.

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Torres, Portilla Rocío del Pilar. "El Derecho de Acceso a la Información Pública Ambiental y el Rol que Desempeñan las Entidades Públicas con Competencia en Materia Ambiental." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118405.

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The right to public information is a constitutional right that has support in many international instruments and legal systems. In that sense, the Right to Environmental Public Informationis presented in our system as a mechanism of control and supervision of many stakeholders,so it is highly important to know both rights and obligations.
El derecho a la Información Pública es un derecho constitucional que tiene respaldo a nivel internacional en distintos instrumentos y ordenamientos jurídicos. En ese sentido, el Derecho a la Información Pública Ambiental se presenta dentro de nuestro ordenamiento como una herramienta de control y fiscalización de los distintos actores interesados, por locual resulta altamente importante conocer tanto los derechos como las obligaciones.

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Santos, Gabriela Vieira dos. "Por um Brasil transparente: estudo sobre os efeitos da Lei De Acesso a Informação nos sítios das secretarias da fazenda dos estados e do distrito federal." Instituto de Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2016. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/20968.

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Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a situação dos sítios das secretarias da fazenda nos 26 Estados Brasileiros e no Distrito Federal, após a regulamentação da Lei de Acesso à Informação Pública (Lei nº 12.527, de 18 de novembro de 2011). Para a realização dessa pesquisa foram percorridas três etapas. A primeira é o estudo de elementos como sociedade, estado, informação, gestão pública e transparência para construção do arcabouço teórico, relevante para o entendimento do desenvolvimento da pesquisa. A segunda é a coleta de dados para averiguação das conformidades com base em um roteiro de observação estruturada com os requisitos da Lei de acesso, detalhadas na metodologia. A terceira compreende a interpretação dos dados encontrados. Esta pesquisa se situa nesta relação de construção entre o papel do Estado e da Sociedade, a importância da informação e da transparência na Gestão Pública, cujos resultados demonstraram que as Secretarias da Fazenda estão fazendo esforços para cumprir a lei, mas ainda encontram grandes dificuldades para adaptar-se a essa nova realidade cultural. Dos 27 sítios analisados, apenas três não atingiram nem metade da pontuação total atribuída aos requisitos avaliados. Para explicar este cenário, buscou-se verificar possíveis variáveis que alteram os resultados desta pesquisa, como o desenvolvimento da infraestrutura das telecomunicações, o crescimento das TICS, o nível de alfabetização digital dos usuários brasileiros, o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB).
ABSTRACT- This research aims to analyze the situation of the websites of the Treasury Office in the 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District, after the regulation of the Access to Public Information Law (Law No. 12,527, of 18 November 2011). To carry out this research, three stages were followed. The first is the study of elements such as society, state, information, public administration and transparency, to build the theoretical framework, relevant for understanding the development of research. The second is the collection of data for investigation of compliance based on an observation structured script with the requirements of the access law, detailed in the methodology. The third comprises the interpretation of the data found. This research lies in this relationship building between the role of the state and society, the importance of information and transparency in public management, the results showed that the Secretariats of Finance are making efforts to comply with the law, but still find it very difficult to adapt to this new cultural reality. Of the 27 sítios analyzed, only 3 did not reach even half of the total score assigned to the assessed requirements. To explain this scenario, we sought to identify possible variables that alter the results of this research, the development of telecommunications infrastructure, the growth of ICT, the level of digital literacy of Brazilian users, the Human Development Index (HDI) and Gross Domestic product (GDP).

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Pecho, Trigueros Miguel Eduardo. "Automatic exchange of information: towards a new global standard of tax transparency." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115364.

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Tax authorities are increasingly relying on mutual cooperation with their foreign peers to enforce more effectively their internal tax laws. After the banking scandals of 2008 and the subsequent global financial crisis, the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for TaxPurposes has proposed the exchange of information upon request as the fiscal transparency standard. However, some measures adopted by the European Union, previous initiatives from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and, above all, the introduction of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (Fatca) by the United States in 2010 have promoted the need to adopt the automatic exchange of information as the new fiscal transparency standard. Automatic exchange of information allows home countries to verify whether their taxpayers have correctly included foreign income, allowing tax authorities to have early warning of possible noncompliance cases. In February 2014, the OECD published its proposal for a new global model of automatic exchange of financial account information. The new global model contains the necessary legal instruments and due diligence and reporting procedures, mainly for financial institutions.
Las autoridades tributarias dependen cada vez más de la cooperación con sus contrapartes extranjeras para administrar más eficazmente sus leyes tributarias nacionales. Luego de los escándalos bancarios de 2008y la crisis financiera global posterior, el Foro Global sobre Transparencia e Intercambio de Información Tributaria ha impulsado el intercambio de información a requerimiento como el estándar internacional en materia de transparencia fiscal. Sin embargo, algunas medidas adoptadas por la UniónEuropea, iniciativas previas de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) y, sobre todo, la introducción en 2010 del«Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act» (Fatca) de los Estados Unidos han promovido la necesidad de adoptar el intercambio automático de informacióncomo nuevo estándar de transparencia fiscal internacional. El intercambio automático de información le permite a las jurisdicciones de la residencia verificar si sus contribuyentes han incluido correctamente las rentas obtenidas en el exterior, permitiéndole a las autoridades tributarias contar con alertas tempranas de posibles casos de incumplimiento. En febrero de 2014, la OCDE publicó su propuesta para un nuevo modelo global de intercambio automático de información aplicable a las cuentas mantenidas en entidades financieras. El nuevo modelo global contiene los instrumentos legales necesarios y los procedimientos de debida diligencia y reporte principalmente para las instituciones financieras.

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Mendes, Rodrigo Braga. "Impacto da Lei de Acesso à Informação: os casos da Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis e das agências reguladoras federais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11781.

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The approval of Brazil’s freedom of information law (12.527) in 2011 affirms transparency as a rule and secrecy as the exception for all levels of the Brazilian public administration. Subsequent to the law taking effect, the public administration had 180 days to implement the law, until May 2012. Since that time, the challenge has been to transform this instrument into a means of sustaining a more open and responsive government. In this sense, the law has had important repercussions on the public administration, giving rise to new procedures and institutional designs to address the law’s scope and ambition. This work is an explorative analysis of the law’s implications during its first year and a half of operation for Brazil’s regulatory agencies in general and the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) in particular.
A publicação da Lei 12.527 em 2011, a Lei de Acesso à Informação, cuja vigência se deu a partir de maio de 2012, uma vez que o texto previa 180 dias para implementação, veio ratificar a instituição da transparência como regra e do sigilo como exceção para todos os níveis e esferas da administração pública brasileira. A entrada em vigor da lei colocou o desafio de transformá-la em instrumento efetivo de apoio a um governo mais aberto e responsivo. Assim, a Lei teve repercussões importantes nas repartições públicas, quanto a novos procedimentos e desenhos institucionais para dar conta de sua amplitude e ambição. Este trabalho realiza uma análise explorativa desses desdobramentos para o primeiro ano e meio de aplicação, tanto do ponto de vista quantitativo quanto qualitativo, para a práxis cotidiana nas Agências Reguladoras Federais e na Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis, em particular.

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Hollós, Adriana Cox. "O futuro da memória digital na administração pública federal brasileira." Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro / Insitituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia, 2014. http://ridi.ibict.br/handle/123456789/801.

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Esta tese tem como objeto as políticas de preservação da informação pública governamental digital. Insere-se em um contexto relativo aos debates sobre as políticas públicas de informação do Estado brasileiro e parte do pressuposto de que não é possível o acesso continuado à informação, já nascida digital, dissociado da gestão arquivística e da preservação digital. Faz uma análise política do processo de implantação da Lei de Acesso à Informação, no Poder Executivo Federal. Identifica e discute o contexto, as responsabilidades e as relações estabelecidas entre os atores concernidos – Controladoria-Geral da União (CGU), Arquivo Nacional (AN) e Conselho Nacional de Arquivos (CONARQ). A pesquisa exploratória realizada no portal da CGU identificou informações relevantes sobre ações e programas desenvolvidos, pela CGU, no âmbito de implantação da LAI em sua relação com as políticas arquivísticas. Em associação, foram analisadas a legislação correlacionada à LAI e as 730 notícias capturadas no Google para identificar falas e argumentos dos atores políticos envolvidos, e assim conhecer o contexto onde a atual política de informação do Estado brasileiro se desenvolve. Ao fim, conclui que a falta ou insuficiência de mecanismos definidores de responsabilidades de cada um dos atores envolvidos implica na ausência de uma política pública que garanta aos arquivos serem, de fato, um dos elos que compõe a cadeia da política de informação contemporânea. E que, apesar da LAI possuir conformidade com as políticas arquivísticas, não existe regulamentação que preveja qualquer protagonismo dos arquivos públicos no processo político de implantação da Lei de Acesso, trazendo riscos à constituição do legado digital para as gerações futuras.
The object of this research are the preservation policies of digital public information from government. It falls in a context related to the debates on public information policies of the Brazilian government and it assumes that it is not possible to provide continued access to born digital information without association to records management and digital preservation. It does a political analysis of the implementation process of the Lei de Acesso à Informação, n°. 12.527, November 08, 2011 (LAI) in the Federal Executive Branch. It also identifies and discusses the context, the responsibilities and the established relationships between the concerned actors - Controladoria-Geral da União (CGU), Arquivo Nacional (AN) and Conselho Nacional de Arquivos (CONARQ). The exploratory research on the CGU website identified relevant information about the actions and programs planned to be developed by CGU within the archival policies. In addition correlated LAI legislation and 730 news collected on Google were analyzed to identify speeches and arguments of political actors involved in it and to know about the context in which the brazilian government information policy is developed. It concludes that the lack of mechanisms defining the responsibilities of each actor implies in the absence of a public policy that does ensures that archival policies are really part of the links that comprise the chain of contemporary information policy. It also concludes that the LAI is in compliance with archival policy, but there is not regulation of the responsibilities of each actor in the political process concerned to the deployment of LAI, bringing risks for the constitution of digital legacy for future generations.

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SOUZA, ROSE MARA VIDAL DE. "LEI DE ACESSO À INFORMAÇÃO: um canal à fonte de notícia." Universidade Metodista de Sao Paulo, 2016. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1588.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This study aims to verify that the Access to Information Act is a channel for news source for journalists. The research was guided by exploratory study of quantitative and qualitative nature, delineated by bibliographical research, documentary, structured interviews and content analysis. At first an overview of LAI was presented in the five continents of the globe and which countries have and do not have the rules of access to information. Later there were two mappings: The first was about the requests made by journalists (in general) in the Electronic System of Citizen Information Services (e-SIC) of the Comptroller General of the Union (CGU) in 2014 and 2015. The second mapping was directed to articles published in the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo, the policy of publishing in 2014 and 2015. Among the documents used is the 2nd performance Report Access Law to public information of the Brazilian Association of Investigative Journalism (ABRAJI) who interviewed 83 Brazilian journalists on LAI in 2015. from a theoretical point of view, the survey runs through democracy (Bobbio), the public communication concepts (Brandao), the right to public information (Mendel), data journalism (Machado), news sources (Lage / Charaudeau ) and hacker culture (Coleman), among others. The analysis showed that the LAI is used as a channel to the news source within the policy coverage, but with still low use by journalists. The survey also revealed that there are also no incentive mechanisms to use and measurement criteria on LAI as a channel to the news source, both by the federal government, as the National Federation of Journalists (FENAJ).
Este estudo visa verificar se a Lei de Acesso à Informação é um canal para obter fonte de notícia para jornalistas. A pesquisa foi norteada por estudo exploratório, de natureza quanti-qualitativa, delineado por pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, entrevistas estruturadas e análise de conteúdo. Em um primeiro momento foi apresentado um panorama da LAI nos cinco continentes do globo e quais países possuem e não possuem a legislação de acesso à informação. Posteriormente foram realizados dois mapeamentos: O primeiro foi acerca das solicitações feitas por jornalistas (em geral) no Sistema Eletrônico do Serviço de Informações ao Cidadão (e-SIC) da Controladoria-Geral da União (CGU) em 2014 e 2015. O segundo mapeamento foi dirigido às matérias publicadas no jornal Folha de S. Paulo, na editoria de política, em 2014 e 2015. Entre os documentos utilizados está o 2º Relatório de desempenho da Lei de Acesso a informações públicas da Associação Brasileira de Jornalismo Investigativo (ABRAJI), que entrevistou 83 jornalistas brasileiros sobre a LAI em 2015. Do ponto de vista teórico, a pesquisa perpassa os conceitos de democracia (Bobbio), comunicação pública (Brandão), direito à informação pública (Mendel), jornalismo de dados (Machado), fontes de notícias (Lage/Charaudeau) e cultura hacker (Coleman), entre outros. A análise mostrou que a LAI é utilizada como canal à fonte de notícia no âmbito da cobertura política, porém com baixo aproveitamento pelos jornalistas. A pesquisa ainda revelou que tampouco existem mecanismos de estímulo ao uso e critérios de mensuração sobre a LAI como canal à fonte de notícia, tanto pelo Governo Federal, quanto pela Federação Nacional dos Jornalistas (FENAJ).

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Pajares, Carrillo Luis Alberto, and Cohen Eduardo Martin Rangel. "La relación entre la seguridad, la disponibilidad de información, la logística de entrega, la calidad, el precio y el tiempo en la satisfacción de los jóvenes entre 18 y 25 años en las compras online en Lima Metropolitana." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657524.

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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar la relación entre la seguridad, la disponibilidad de información, la logística de entrega, la calidad, el precio y el tiempo en la satisfacción de los jóvenes entre 18 a 25 años en las compras online en Lima Metropolitana. Para ello, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo no experimental, transaccional y correlacional, para determinar ¿cuál es la relación de nuestras variables de estudio, respecto a la satisfacción de los jóvenes? Se utilizó un cuestionario como instrumento de investigación para recopilar datos (n=376 encuestas válidas). El mismo se realizó con la herramienta de google forms y fue destinado a nuestro público objetivo. Se realizó el análisis de correlación de las variables utilizadas en la investigación, estas se usaron para medir si existe relación entre la satisfacción de los jóvenes y las variables mencionadas anteriormente. Los resultados demostraron que existe una relación entre las variables de estudio y la satisfacción de los jóvenes que compran por internet. El estudio recomienda que las empresas que están presentes en los negocios online, deben de tener especial atención con la logística de entrega, debido a que esta es una de las variables con mayor relación en la satisfacción de compra de los jóvenes. En el primer capítulo, se presentaron los antecedentes de la investigación basándose en estudios de diferentes países. También se mostraron bases teóricas, que explican las variables. Además, se desarrolló el marco referencial, el cual explica la investigación en el sector investigado. En el segundo capítulo, se analizó la situación de la problemática y se desarrollaron las hipótesis y objetivos de la investigación. En el tercer capítulo se explica la metodología de trabajo, el tipo de investigación, la operalización de las variables, el proceso de muestreo y se indica el cuestionario que se realizó para el estudio. En el cuarto capítulo, se desarrolló la interpretación de los resultados cuantitativos y se presentan resultados descriptivos e inferenciales. En el último capítulos, se realizó el análisis de los resultados del trabajo de campo complementandose con contrastación de hipótesis, discusión, limitaciones de estudio, conclusiones y recomendaciones.
The main objective of this research is to determine the relationship between security, information availability, delivery logistics, quality, price and time in the satisfaction of young people between 18 and 25 years of age in online shopping in Lima Metropolitan. For this, a non-experimental, transactional and correlational quantitative study was carried out, since it seeks to determine what is the relationship of our study variables, with respect to youth satisfaction. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument to collect data (n = 376 valid surveys). It was done with the google forms tool and was intended for our target audience. The correlation analysis of the variables used in the research was carried out, these were used to measure whether there is a relationship between the satisfaction of the young people and the variables mentioned above. The results show that there is a relationship between the study variables and the satisfaction of young people who buy online. The study recommends that companies that are present in online businesses should pay special attention to delivery logistics, since this is one of the variables with the greatest relationship in the purchase satisfaction of young people. In the first chapter, the background of research based on studies from different countries was presented. Theoretical bases are also manifested, which explain the variables. In addition, the referential framework was developed, which explains the research in the investigated sector. In the second chapter, the situation of the problem was analyzed and the hypotheses and objectives of the research were developed. The third chapter explains the work methodology, the type of research, the operation of the variables, the sampling process and indicates the questionnaire that was carried out for the study. In the fourth chapter, the interpretation of quantitative results was developed and descriptive and inferential results are presented. In the last chapters, the analysis of the field work results was carried out, supplemented with hypothesis testing, discussion, study limitations, conclusions and recommendations.
Tesis

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Salino, Deila Batista. "Lei de Acesso à Informação no contexto dos Tribunais de Contas: a pragmática da transparência a partir da filosofia da linguagem de Ludwig Wittgenstein." Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. http://ridi.ibict.br/handle/123456789/953.

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A pesquisa destaca a importância da promoção da transparência no acesso à informação pública, tendo como foco de análise os Tribunais de Contas do Brasil. O estudo propõe um diálogo entre a Ciência da Informação e Filosofia da Linguagem para discutir as questões de informação pública sobre o ponto de vista epistemológico e aplicado. Para esta abordagem teórica, adota-se parte dos conceitos da segunda fase de pensamento de Ludwig Wittgenstein, a saber, ―jogos de linguagem‖, ―semelhança de família‖, ―formas de vida‖ e ―regras‖, encontrados, predominantemente na obra Investigações Filosóficas, como forma de contribuir para a compreensão do uso das noções ―informação pública‖, ―transparência pública‖ e ―desinformação‖. O estudo tem como procedimento metodológico a pesquisa descritiva, bibliográfica e documental, tendo por foco analítico as legislações internas pesquisadas nos sites dos Tribunais de Contas do Brasil, na busca da aplicação da Lei nº 12.527, de 18 de novembro de 2011 (Lei de Acesso à Informação – LAI). Tais legislações, que visam à promoção da transparência através dos serviços prestados, podem ser compreendidas nesta pesquisa a partir das semelhanças e dessemelhanças entre as Cortes de Contas estudadas. As noções wittgensteinianas possibilitam entender as dimensões histórico-institucionais a partir do modo como estas comunicam suas transformações, evidenciando que a pragmática da linguagem influencia na constituição das práticas sociais cotidianas. Assim, a análise da linguagem em sua inserção contextual passa a ser vista como uma ferramenta de compreensão da LAI e de sua aplicação.
The research highlights the importance of promoting transparency in the access to public information, with the focus of analysis the Audit Courts of Brazil. The study proposes a dialogue between the Information Science and Philosophy of Language to discuss the public information issues on the epistemological point of view and applied. For this theoretical approach, we adopt part of the concepts of the second phase of thought of Ludwig Wittgenstein, namely "language games", "family resemblances", "life forms" and "rules" found predominantly in work Philosophical Investigations, in order to contribute to the understanding of the use of the concepts "public information", "public transparency" and "disinformation". The study's methodological approach descriptive research, bibliographic and documentary, with the analytical focus the national legislation surveyed in the portals of the Audit Courts of Brazil, seeking the application of Law n. 12.527 of 18 November 2011 (Access Law to Information - LAI). Such legislation, aimed at promoting transparency through the services provided, can be understood here from the similarities and dissimilarities between the Accounts of Cortes studied. The notion of "language games" makes it possible to understand the historical and institutional dimensions, showing that the pragmatics of language influences the constitution of everyday social practices. Thus, the analysis of language in its contextual integration is seen as an understanding tool of LAI and its application.

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Robbin, Alice, and Martin David. "SIPP ACCESS: Information tools improve access to national longitudinal panel surveys." Reference and Adult Services Division (RASD) of the American Library Association, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105545.

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SIPP ACCESS represents an innovation in providing services for statistical data. A computer-based, integrated information system incorporates both the data and information about the data. SIPP ACCESS systematically links the technologies of laser disk, mainframe computer, microcomputer, and electronic networks and applies relational technology to create great efficiencies and lower the costs of storing, managing, retrieving, and transmitting data and information about complex statistical data collections. This information system has been applied to national longitudinal panel surveys. The article describes the reasons why SIPP ACCESS was created to improve access to these complex surveys and provides examples of tools that facilitate access to information about the contents of these large data sets.

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Sahay, Saurav. "Socio-semantic conversational information access." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42855.

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The main contributions of this thesis revolve around development of an integrated conversational recommendation system, combining data and information models with community network and interactions to leverage multi-modal information access. We have developed a real time conversational information access community agent that leverages community knowledge by pushing relevant recommendations to users of the community. The recommendations are delivered in the form of web resources, past conversation and people to connect to. The information agent (cobot, for community/ collaborative bot) monitors the community conversations, and is 'aware' of users' preferences by implicitly capturing their short term and long term knowledge models from conversations. The agent leverages from health and medical domain knowledge to extract concepts, associations and relationships between concepts; formulates queries for semantic search and provides socio-semantic recommendations in the conversation after applying various relevance filters to the candidate results. The agent also takes into account users' verbal intentions in conversations while making recommendation decision. One of the goals of this thesis is to develop an innovative approach to delivering relevant information using a combination of social networking, information aggregation, semantic search and recommendation techniques. The idea is to facilitate timely and relevant social information access by mixing past community specific conversational knowledge and web information access to recommend and connect users with relevant information. Language and interaction creates usable memories, useful for making decisions about what actions to take and what information to retain. Cobot leverages these interactions to maintain users' episodic and long term semantic models. The agent analyzes these memory structures to match and recommend users in conversations by matching with the contextual information need. The social feedback on the recommendations is registered in the system for the algorithms to promote community preferred, contextually relevant resources. The nodes of the semantic memory are frequent concepts extracted from user's interactions. The concepts are connected with associations that develop when concepts co-occur frequently. Over a period of time when the user participates in more interactions, new concepts are added to the semantic memory. Different conversational facets are matched with episodic memories and a spreading activation search on the semantic net is performed for generating the top candidate user recommendations for the conversation. The tying themes in this thesis revolve around informational and social aspects of a unified information access architecture that integrates semantic extraction and indexing with user modeling and recommendations.

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Htun, Nyi Nyi. "Non-uniform information access in collaborative information retrieval." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.738690.

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Alberch, i. Fugueras Ramon. "Arxius, memòria i drets humans." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404061.

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This thesis focuses on an aspect little discussed in searches relating to archives and historical memory : the use of archives as key elements of the policies of reparations for victims of repressive regimes and as witnesses informational purposes legal research and retrospective. Specifically, it presents the relationship between memory and history, a state of affairs of public policy for the archives of human rights, an analysis about the models archival institutions with responsibilities in human rights and historical memory and finally analyzes the case of the National Centre of Historical Memory of Colombia to the extent that displayed the power and diversity of remedial actions that can be carried out in the framework of archives accessible, organized and properly preserved
Aquesta tesi incideix sobre un aspecte poc tractat en les recerques referides als arxius i la memòria històrica: la utilització dels arxius com a elements cabdals de les polítiques de reparació a les víctimes de règims repressius i com a testimonis informatius amb finalitats jurídiques i de recerca retrospectiva. En concret, es presenta la relació entre memòria i història, un estat de la qüestió de les polítiques públiques per als arxius dels drets humans, es fa una anàlisi pormenoritzada dels models d’institucions arxivístiques amb competències en drets humans i memòria històrica i s’analitza el cas concret del Centre Nacional de la Memòria Històrica de Colòmbia en la mesura que visualitza la potència i la diversitat d’accions reparadores i memorialístiques que es poden dur a terme en el marc d’uns arxius accesibles, organitzats i adientment preservats

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Steh, Stephen R. "Unauthorized Access Crimes." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1254939817.

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Colombet, Hélène. "L'obligation d'information sur les règles de droit." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STETT120.

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La connaissance des règles par les sujets de droit est un impératif et un défi. Elaborées pour les membres de la société, les règles doivent être diffusées dans la sphère sociale pour être reçues par leurs destinataires.Pourtant, leur multiplication, leur complexité, leur instabilité rendent l'acquisition des connaissances difficile alors même que« nul n'est censé ignorer la loi». La nécessité d'assurer l'accès au droit et l'effectivité des règles a conduit au développement de l'obligation d'information sur les règles de droit. Ce dispositif est celui par lequel une personne -le débiteur- porte à la connaissance d'une autre - le créancier - des informations concernant les règles de droit applicables. Ces informations portables parviennent à la connaissance des personnes sans que celles-ci ne les demandent. Cette obligation d'informer est un moyen d'assurer la protection des personnes en situation de faiblesse en les éclairant sur leur environnement juridique pour qu'elles fassent preuve de discernement dans leurs décisions et agissent en vue de la satisfaction de leurs intérêts.Cette thèse propose d'analyser l'obligation d'information sur les règles de droit en exposant sa singularité puis son régime. L'étude invite, plus largement, à s'intéresser aux rapports entre la règle de droit et les citoyens, à rechercher les raisons pour lesquelles la connaissance des règles est considérée comme nécessaire par les pouvoirs publics qui multiplient les obligations d'informer. Elle est ainsi l'occasion de s'interroger sur les conditions de la réalisation des règles de droit et, plus particulièrement, sur le rôle joué par la connaissance des règles dans leur réalisation
The knowledge of the rules of the law appears to be equally imperative and challenging. The rules of the law are created for the benefit of members of the society. Their vocation is to be spread across the social sphere in order to reach their recipients, the citizens. However the acquisition of this knowledge is proving testing due to its complexity, inconsistency and abundance, yet, all should be aware of the law. The necessity to ensure access to the law and the effectiveness of the rules, has Iead to the development of the obligation of information on the rules of the law. This proposal has for effect to enable a persan "the debtor" to inform another "the creditor" of the informations regarding the rules of the law in effect. These are known as "push informations" which are supplied to anyone without being requested. This obligation of information is a way to ensure the protection of people in a position of weakness, it also provides guidance regarding the legal environment. lt is essential in order to exercise sound judgment to ensure the welfare of the persan.This thesis proposes to analyse the obligation of information on the rules of the law. lt will expose its singularity and organisation. On a wider scale, the study calls on the connection between the rules of law and the citizen. The focus is on the investigation of the reasons the authorities consider, the ever expanding knowledge of the rules, essential. Thereby, it is the opportunity to ponder the conditions of implementing the rules of the law, and more specifically, the role played by the knowledge of the rules in their implementation

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Røstad, Lillian. "Access Control in Healthcare Information Systems." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5130.

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Access control is a key feature of healthcare information systems. Access control is about enforcing rules to ensure that only authorized users get access to resources in a system. In healthcare systems this means protecting patient privacy. However, the top priority is always to provide the best possible care for a patient. This depends on the clinicians having access to the information they need to make the best, most informed, care decisions. Care processes are often unpredictable and hard to map to strict access control rules. As a result, in emergency or otherwise unexpected situations, clinicians need to be able to bypass access control. In a crisis, availability of information takes precedence over privacy concerns. This duality of concerns is what makes access control in healthcare systems so challenging and interesting as a research subject. To create access control models for healthcare we need to understand how healthcare works. Before creating a model we need to understand the requirements the model should fulfill. Though many access control models have been proposed and argued to be suitable for healthcare, little work has been published on access control requirements for healthcare. This PhD project has focused on bridging the gap between formalized models and real world requirements for access control in healthcare by targeting the following research goals:RG1 To collect knowledge that forms a foundation for access control requirements in healthcare systems.RG2 To create improved access control models for healthcare systems based on real requirements.This PhD project has consisted of a number of smaller, distinct, but relatedprojects to reach the research goals. The main contributions can be summarized as:C1 Requirements for access control in healthcare: Studies performed onaudit data, in workshops, by observation and interviews have helped discoverrequirements. Results from this work include methods for access controlrequirements elicitation in addition to the actual requirements discovered.C2 Process-based access control: The main conclusion from the requirementswork is that access control should be tailored to care processes. Care processesare highly dynamic and often unpredictable, and access control needs to adaptto this. This thesis suggests how existing sources of process information, bothexplicit and implicit, may be used for this purpose.C3 Personally controlled health records (PCHR): This thesis explores theconsequences of making the patient the administrator of access control andproposes a model based on these initial requirements. From a performedusability study it is clear that the main challenge is how to keep the patientinformed about the consequences of sharing.

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Haseltine, Michael, Barbara Hutchinson, and Malchus B. Jr Backer. "Improving Access to Watershed Management Information." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296595.

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Hong, Myung-Ja. "Access to legal information in Korea." Thesis, City University London, 1992. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8261/.

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The aim of this project is to establish a desirable information environment adjusting to need and behaviour of legal professional in Korea. For this purpose, present situation of information sources in printed form and computerised systems were examined. Printed sources were evaluated based on commonly used criteria title by title. Operation of the two systems, LIRES and SCS, was described based on written documents and on interview with the system designers. Professional's attitudes toward legal information, information sources, and computerisation were surveyed. Responses made a distinction between groups of practitioners and professors to compare the results. Differences in attitudes towards library, information sources, and information seeking habits between two groups were identified. Capabilities of the computerised systems were analysed and compared with the potential users' needs and behaviours as found by the survey. Also, functions of the two systems were analysed by practical use of them, which was carried out by application of five legal questions to each system. According to the analysis, it was identified that the problem of search method which was a main factor of users' dissatisfaction with the printed information sources, could not be completely cleared up by the systems. For development of the information sources, improvement of search method of printed sources was suggested. Also, advancement of the two systems in the direction of utilisation of computer capacity for searching and of expansion of input data adjusting to potential users' needs was recommended. In addition, in order to maximise the use of the two systems, integration of them, by connecting them to the Dacom-Net, and then to the distributed database system as an efficient interface was recommended. The configuration required of such an interface was demonstrated by the example of an experimental system, CONIT.

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