Dissertations / Theses: 'Law of the execution of the punishments'

1

Silva, Anaclara Pedroso Fernandes Valentim da. "O mito do cárcere ressocializador." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21114.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-06-06T12:06:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Anaclara Pedroso Fernandes Valentim da Silva.pdf: 1490477 bytes, checksum: 078eed46a15ac8b4076f9eb4ce9485b2 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-06T12:06:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anaclara Pedroso Fernandes Valentim da Silva.pdf: 1490477 bytes, checksum: 078eed46a15ac8b4076f9eb4ce9485b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-06
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The resocializing purpose of the penalty, in the course of history, has been placed as its primary purpose. This claim is supported by the fact that some of the dogmatic theories on the subject never exclude it as the ultimate goal of the sanction or even place it as a limitation on other purposes, as for example in Claus Roxin's Dialectic Theory. Moreover, the Brazilian legal system, if analyzed in a systematic way, prioritizes re-education and social reintegration of the convicted in society, which demonstrates crystal proof because the Law on the Execution of Criminal Sanctions contains numerous resocializing mechanisms to be applied. The purpose of this study is to analyze, through the hypothetical-deductive method, whether the hypothesis of resocialization of the condemned prisoner is a myth, besides being essentially obedient to the guiding values of the national legal system and likewise being a motivating purpose of numerous legal institutes included in the Law on the Execution of Criminal Sanctions. Thus, it was verified that social integration is not really implemented, either because it is not in fact the purpose of the intended penalty or because of the dysfunctional use of the available legal instruments, it became only a legitimating speech of the existence of the sentence and has as a consequence the mistaken production of legal and legislative decisions, impacting significantly on the criminal policy adopted by the State
A finalidade ressocializadora da pena, no decorrer da história, vem sendo colocada como finalidade precípua da pena. Tal afirmação encontra respaldo no fato de algumas das teorias dogmáticas a respeito do tema nunca a excluírem como objetivo final da sanção penal ou mesmo a colocarem como limitação das demais finalidades, como acontece, por exemplo, na Teoria Mista Dialética, de Claus Roxin. No mais, o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, se analisado de forma sistemática, prioriza a reeducação e a reintegração social do condenado, o que resta cristalinamente comprovado no texto da Lei de Execução Penal, do qual constam inúmeros mecanismos ressocializadores. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar, através do método hipotético-dedutivo, a hipótese da ressocialização do condenado à pena de prisão ser um mito, ainda que essencialmente obediente aos valores norteadores do ordenamento jurídico nacional, além de ser finalidade motivadora de inúmeros institutos jurídicos constantes da Lei de Execução Penal. Assim, se comprovará que a integração social não é verdadeiramente implementada, quer seja por não ser de fato a finalidade da pena pretendida ou por uso disfuncional dos instrumentos legais disponíveis, tornando-se apenas um discurso legitimador da existência da pena e que tem como consequência a produção equivocada de decisões jurídicas e legislativas, impactando significativamente na política criminal adotada pelo Estado

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Leroy, Aude. "Patientez en prison. La construction des itinéraires carcéraux en centre de détention." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN061/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Selon le droit de l'exécution des peines, un éventail de mesures judiciaires permet de déplacer un détenu vers l’extérieur des murs, de manière temporaire ou pérenne. Il s’agit d’un ensemble assez flou, appelé aménagements de peine. Un paradigme dominant des politiques publiques enjoint à favoriser les demandes de ces mesures de la part des détenus condamnés. L’idée est d’organiser des voies progressives de sortie. Les acteurs professionnels de la prison et de la justice s’accordent à considérer qu’il s’agit de la meilleure transition entre le dedans et le dehors. Pourtant, l’obtention d’une mesure telle que la libération conditionnelle ou la semi-liberté relève d’un processus très sélectif. Les professionnels enrôlés dans ces activités décisionnelles tiennent compte d’ordres de considérations contradictoires polarisées par, d’un côté, l’idéal de la réhabilitation du condamné, et, d’un autre côté, les préoccupations concernant la récidive. Il en résulte des dilemmes, et un chemin exigeant pour le condamné. Ces exigences, les professionnels leur donnent un sens, ils les transforment en épreuve traversée par un détenu singulier. Cette thèse prend pour objet la manière dont le justiciable, candidat à un aménagement de peine, se voit engagé à suivre un programme institutionnel, un curriculum de la réinsertion. Au cours de cette épreuve, le détenu est conduit à se rapprocher des attentes qui s’expriment à son égard, d’un schéma du bon candidat à ’aménagement de peine. Les gages qu’il doit présenter « enveloppent » tout ce qui fait une personne : gages d’insertion socio-économique, mais aussi gages d’une amélioration de son for intérieur, de son intimité psychique. Ces critères sont objectivés, notamment, par les expertises psychiatriques. Or, d’une manière ou d’une autre, l’ensemble des acteurs professionnels en prison, et même les bénévoles, sont mis à contribution dans ce projet institutionnel, qui prétend considérer comment le détenu a “évolué” en tant que personne. La thèse décrit cette économie morale : les relations de travail sous-tendues, en prison, par une politique pénale qui tend à gouverner les détenus en les enrôlant dans un programme dont on considère qu’il doit être voulu par le justiciable
According to the law, a range of judicial measures allows to move a prisoner towards the outside of walls, in a temporary or long-lasting way. It is called sentencing reductions. One paradigm dominating public policies orders to favor the requests of these measures on behalf of the condemned prisoners. The idea is to organize progressive ways of release. The professional actors of the prison and the justice agree to consider that it is about the best transition between inside and the outside. Nevertheless, the obtaining of a measure such as the release on parole or the relative freedom is a matter of a very selective process. The professionals enlisted in these decision-making activities take into account orders of contradictory considerations polarized by, on one side, the ideal of the rehabilitation of the condemned person, and, on the other hand, the concerns concerning the recidivism. It results from it dilemmae, and demanding path for the condemned person. These requirements, the professionals give them a sense. They transform them into an meaningfull experience crossed by a singular prisoner. This dissertation takes for object the way the citizen, who applies to a sentencing reduction, get committed to follow an institutional program, a curriculum of the reintegration. During these hardships, the prisoner is driven to get closer to expectations which express themselves towards him/her. He is led into a plan of the good candidate for the sentencing reduction. The wages which he has to present "wrap" all which makes a person: wages of socioeconomic insertion, but also wages of an improvement of its heart of hearts, its psychic intimacy. These criteria are objectified, in particular, by psychiatric examinations. Yet, somehow or other, all the professional actors in prison, and even the volunteers, are put in contribution in this institutional project, which claims to consider how the prisoner "evolved". The dissertation describes this moral economy: the tend to govern the prisoners by enlisting them in a program of which we consider that they must desire to get hired into the programm

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Colyer, Greg Warren. "Is capital punishment a deterrent to crime?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1720.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Pollard, Heather Ann. "Women executed by the state of Connecticut /." Abstract, 2009. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000573/01/2014Abstract.htm.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M.A.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2009.
Thesis advisor: Katherine A. Hermes. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 1-7, third numbering). Abstract available via the World Wide Web.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Oram, Gerard Christopher. ""What alternative punishment is there?" : military executions during World War I." Thesis, [n.p.], 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Davis, Owen B. "Antitrust punishments in experimental duopoly markets." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654492701&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

White, Matthew Trevor. "Ordering the mob : London's public punishments, c. 1783-1868." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4253.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis explores the crowds that attended London's executions, pillories and public whippings during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It aims to reappraise a literature describing the carnivalesque and voyeuristic nature of popular behaviour, and to trace a continuum in the public's active engagement with the criminal justice system between 1783 and 1868. By employing a range of little used sources to examine the biographical, geographical and social texture of punishment audiences, it details the lives and motivations of the men, women and children who assembled to watch these often brutal events. In the process, this thesis significantly revises our received understanding of the troublesome punishment 'mob', the unruliness and low character of which has been frequently assumed on the basis of uncritical reading of contemporary sources inveighing against plebeian behaviour. It reveals a more stable picture of public participation, and argues that this experience was characterized by the remarkable social diversity and relative good order of the crowd. This study in consequence problematizes teleological narratives of social 'improvement' and a putative 'civilizing process', which have traditionally described the fall of public punishments as a product of changing urban sensitivities. In analysing the crowd's structure and responses to public punishments over time, the thesis demonstrates how popular expectations surrounding older forms of public justice remained essentially unchanged, and continued to speak forcefully to the metropolitan conscience. To explain the undoubted changes in punishment policy in the period, in the absence of a clear teleological narrative of attitudes towards public punishment, the thesis in turn argues that the decline of the pillory, whippings and public executions in London was driven by elite fears regarding mass behaviour, particularly in the wake of the Gordon Riots of 1780, and suggests that public punishments disappeared not because of their dwindling moral relevance or failing penal utility, but as a result of the middle class's increasingly nervous perceptions of urban mass phenomena. The thesis argues that the decline of public punishment did not result from 'squeamishness' about judicial murder and corporal punishment, but from anxiety about the authority and power of the crowd.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Alsoufi, Rana Hajaj Ahmaid. "Strategies for the justifications of Ḥudūd Allah and their punishments in the Islamic tradition." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7989.

Full text

Abstract:

The punishments of Islamic criminal law and in particular, the notoriously severe ḥadd punishments, were never systematically justified in classical Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). However, the fiqh tradition is ripe with debates about ḥadd punishments, and theories of justification, while not fully spelt out, are often implied in the writings of Muslim jurists. In Part I of this thesis, three fiqh strategies for the justification of ḥadd punishments are described and critically evaluated: one that seeks to characterize the ḥadd punishments as divinely ordained, immutable “rights of God” (ch. 1), one that describes the purpose of ḥadd punishments as serving general as well as individual prevention (ch. 2), and one that stresses that to suffer ḥadd is an expiatory act that amends for sins and thus ensures salvation in the Hereafter (ch. 3). The Sunnī legal schools (madhāhib), salient representatives of which are studied in this dissertation, controversially discussed the meaning and purpose of ḥadd punishments in the context of each of these three fiqh discourses. Part II of this thesis proceeds to describe and discuss contemporary Muslim debates about the applicability and justifiability of ḥadd punishments today. While only few Islamic regimes currently implement ḥadd, the topic has a large symbolical importance because it exemplifies the struggle of Muslim thinkers to reconcile Islam with modernity. In a first step, this thesis aims to clarify to what extent contemporary positions echo, attack or simply sidestep classical fiqh positions: how, in other words, the present is connected to the traditional fiqh framework of the past (ch. 4). In a concluding chapter, a number of salient topics of debate in the contemporary ḥadd controversy are analysed within the cultural and political contexts in which they are located (ch. 5). While classical legal doctrines about ḥadd punishments, despite the controversies between the madhāhib, tend to be rigid, emphasizing the immutable character of the criminal law norms found in the Sharīʻah, the periodic calls among contemporary thinkers for the implementation of ḥadd are, it is suggested, largely driven by political agendas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Wunder, Thomas. "Recognition, Enforcement, and Execution of arbitral awards under the ICSID convention : The debate and problems in the differentiation between execution and enforcement regarding questions of sovereign immunity." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-411833.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis analyses the conundrum at the intersection of (i) recognition, (ii) enforcement, and (iii) execution of investment treaty arbitral awards pursuant to the ICSID convention. Orienting between recognition, enforcement, and execution has recently stirred quite some debate. This culminates in the question of, on the one hand, whether it is necessary to differentiate between “enforcement” and “execution” in light of the plea of sovereign immunity, and how to do so, on the other hand. In this context, the concept of sovereign immunity in general and as a potential objection within the ICSID enforcement proceedings will be analysed in particular. This thesis does so by analysing scholarly work, the ICSID history and as a result of municipal case law vis-à-vis sovereign immunity and ICSID enforcement. A particular emphasis will be put on statutory interpretations, for example on ICSID enforcement regime and its terminology. In this light, a terminological analysis of language is instrumental given that the ICSID convention has three original languages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Guthrie, Denise. "Law, empire, and the bodies of women : 'civilization' and the retreat from public punishments in England, 1750-1870." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510997.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Franch, Maggiolo Carolina Beatríz. "Innovación y aplicación de la Ley Antiterrorista en el Chile Democrático (1990-2015)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/167901.

Full text

Abstract:

Doctora en Ciencias Sociales
El propósito de esta tesis fue abrir un espacio de discusión acerca de un tipo de legislación penal en Chile, específicamente la Ley 18.314 -denominada comúnmente como Ley Antiterrorista- y su funcionalidad en el sistema democrático. Para ello se establecieron distintos niveles analíticos. El primero apunta a elaborar un mapa descriptivo sobre la aplicación de dicha ley desagregado en las variables sexo, edad, territorio y pertenencia étnica de los/as imputados/as, presentando un panorama donde se reconstruyen los datos estadísticos que posee la Defensoría Penal Pública sobre los sujetos a quienes se les invoca tal aparataje penal. El segundo horizonte revisa los argumentos esgrimidos para la invocación y uso de la Ley en tres juicios emblemáticos de nuestro país: Caso Lonkos, Fiscal Elgueta y Caso Bombas con sus respectivas sentencias, permitiéndonos conocer las maneras en que se despliega el uso o desestimación de dicho recurso penal. Por último, se posiciona una reflexión sobre la categoría de cuerpo a partir de dos procesos antagónicos: Dominación y resistencia, por parte de quienes han sido procesados, dando cuenta de las lógicas de castigo y su potencia como aparataje de control y disciplinamiento, para luego evidenciar posibilidades de contrapoder desde las huelgas de hambre
Abstract: The purpose of this thesis was to open a space for discussion about a type of criminal law in Chile, specifically Law 18.314 - commonly referred to as the Anti- Terror Law - and its functionality in the democratic system. For this, different analytical levels were established. The first one aims to elaborate a descriptive map on the application of this disaggregated law in the variables gender, age, territory and ethnicity of the imputed ones, presenting a panorama where the statistical data possessed by the Defensoría Penal Pública are reconstructed on the subjects to whom such criminal apparatus is invoked. The second horizon reviews the arguments used for invoking and using the Law in three emblematic cases of our country: Lonkos Case, Elgueta Prosecutor and Bombas Case with their respective sentences, allowing us to know the ways in which the use or rejection of the use is deployed Criminal appeal. Finally, a reflection on the category of body is posited based on two antagonistic processes: Domination and resistance, by those who have been prosecuted, giving an account of the logic of punishment and its power as an apparatus of control and discipline, and later To demonstrate possibilities of counterpower since hunger strikes

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Ndiaye, Yaram. "L'obligation de coopération dans le statut de Rome : analyse critique du respect des engagements internationaux devant la cour pénale internationale." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30063.

Full text

Abstract:

A l’instar des juridictions qui l’ont précédé dans la répression des crimes internationaux, la Cour pénale internationale a besoin de la coopération des Etats pour exister. C’est une condition d’effectivité de l’action de la Cour qui se traduit par la participation des Etats à la procédure pénale internationale et par l’harmonisation des législations nationales. Toutefois, en dépit de son affirmation dans le Statut, les Etats parties exécutent difficilement l’obligation de coopération. Ces difficultés s’observent tant au niveau de leur participation à la procédure initiée par la Cour que dans l’exercice de la justice au niveau national. De fait, pour un respect des engagements internationaux devant la Cour, l’institution doit surmonter l’obstacle de la souveraineté nationale. Pour atteindre les objectifs fixés, elle doit amener les Etats à dépasser les critères traditionnels de compétence dans le domaine pénal et à taire les résistances souverainistes en la matière. C’est seulement à ce titre qu’elle peut être fonctionnelle, en opposant aux Etats une conception plus étendue de la justice pour laquelle ils se sont engagés
Following the example of the jurisdictions which preceded her in the repression of the international crimes, the International Criminal Court needs the cooperation of States to exist. It is a condition of effectiveness of the action of the Court that is translated by the participation of States in the international criminal procedure and by the harmonization of the national legislations. But in spite of its assertion in the Status, States execute with difficulty the obligation of cooperation. These difficulties observe as long at the level of their participation in the procedure in front of the Court that in the exercise of the justice at the national level. Actually, for a respect for the international commitments in front of the Court, the institution has to surmount the obstacle of the national sovereignty. To reach the fixed objectives, she has to bring States to exceed the traditional criteria of skill in the penal domain and to keep silent about the resistances of states on the subject. It is only as such that she can be functional, by setting to States a more vast conception of the justice for which they made a commitment

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Rimkus, Arvydas. "Ar esama sprendimų vykdymo išlaidų atlyginimo tvarka nepažeidžia vykdymo proceso dalyvių teisių į visišką nuostolių atlyginimą bei proceso tikslo – kuo greičiau atkurti teisinę taiką tarp ginčo šalių?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080808_103253-26552.

Full text

Abstract:

Sėkmingas sprendimų vykdymo procesas neįmanomas be tinkamo finansavimo. Nuo 2003-01-01 pradėjus veikti privačiai antstolių sistemai pasikeitė ir vykdymo proceso finansavimo tvarka. Valstybė vykdymo proceso finansavimo naštą perkėlė išieškotojui. Pagal šiuo metu galiojančią tvarką, išieškotojas pateikdamas sprendimą priverstiniam vykdymui privalo apmokėti ir visas su tokio sprendimo vykdymo susijusias išlaidas. Vykdymo išlaidų atlyginimo tvarkos teisiniame reglamentavime įtvirtintas bendrasis principas, kad įvykdžius vykdomąjį dokumentą visos vykdymo išlaidos išieškomos iš skolininko. Tačiau kaip vėliau darbe atskleidžiama, praktinis minėto principo taikymas kelia daug problemų visiems vykdymo proceso dalyviams.
The main target for this work is to find out how effective is today`s regulations about payments made for execution process and how capable are those regulations in order to protect one`s right`s not to be involved in a perpetual legal proceedings to have those payments back?. There were four tasks author had to do. First to have an analysis in law regulating payment for execution process. Second task was to find out if those regulation have any dearth`s. If results were positive, than how they affects parties rights in execution process in order to keep their assets and not to be forced to pay for those proceedings again and again and not to start court proceedings. Third there was a need to define how important is to have better regulations about payments made for execution process. Fourth task was to give suggestions about how to improve regulations about payments made for execution process in order to have parties assets protected and annul all chances to start court proceedings for the same question. In order to get better results for his researches author has tried to separate each party. In that way it was possible to learn from each parties perspective exactly how civil execution costs and the order of reimbursing them, affects their material and procedural rights. In doing that first party was the bailiff. For him our regulations in most of the cases establishes broadly acknowledged principle that all expenses he suffers must be compensated by recoverer... [to full text]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Filho, Sergio Zahr. "Penhora: exame da técnica processual à luz da realidade econômica e social." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-15062011-162250/.

Full text

Abstract:

O sistema de execução forçada é o instrumento previsto no Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro destinado a satisfazer o credor de obrigações pecuniárias contidas em sentenças ou em títulos executivos extrajudiciais. Trata-se de sistema cujo bom funcionamento não só interessa às partes de um litígio, mas a toda sociedade, em função de suas importantes repercussões sociais e econômicas. Por meio da execução forçada o Juiz invade o patrimônio do devedor, independentemente da vontade deste, e expropria bens em benefício do credor. Para o adequado funcionamento da execução forçada é essencial que o ato processual de penhora de bens do devedor seja efetivo. A penhora consiste em apreender e afetar juridicamente bens do devedor, os quais ficam vinculados ao Juízo da execução até o momento próprio de realização da expropriação dos bens. A penhora é ato processual que incide sobre a realidade econômica e social e padece de suas contingências. O objetivo desta dissertação de Mestrado é investigar a relação entre o ato de penhora e seu objeto, a partir da premissa de que o método ou a forma de apreensão judicial deve estar plenamente adaptado aos atributos sociais, jurídicos e econômicos do bem que se pretende apreender. Nesse contexto, será investigado o regime da penhora do Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro, bem como serão estudados os tipos de penhora de bens de significação econômica mais importante na realidade atual.
The system of forced execution is the instrument set forth in the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure destined to satisfy the creditor of pecuniary obligations contained in judgments or in extrajudicial execution instruments. It is a system, the good functioning of which is of interest not only to the parties in a litigation, but also to society as a whole, in view of its important social and economic repercussions. The Judge, by means of the forced execution, invades the debtors assets, irrespective of the will of the latter, and expropriates assets to the benefit of the creditor. For the proper functioning of the forced execution, it is essential that the procedural act of levy of the debtors assets be effective. The levy consists of seizing and legally affecting the debtors assets, which become bound to the Court of the execution until the specific time of performance of the expropriation of the assets. The levy is a procedural act which applies to economic and social reality, and lacks its contingencies. The objective of this Masters dissertation is to investigate the relationship between the act of levy and its object, starting from the premise that the method or the form of judicial seizure must be fully adapted to the social, juridical and economic attributes of the asset which is intended to be seized. In this context, the regime of levy in the Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure will be investigated, as well studying the types of levy of assets of the most important economic significance in the current reality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Navickaitė, Justina. "Išieškotojo ir skolininko teisių gynimas vykdymo procese." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20061229_110814-55335.

Full text

Abstract:

The execution process is very important for protection of human rights. If court decisions were not executed the very court decisions would loose their importance. Rights of a creditor and a debtor are written in the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) and in other legal acts, but these rights should be properly explained to the parties of the execution process. Only the prescription to present the writ of execution is determined in Lithuanian laws, but any prescription for the whole case of execution is not determined usually. It would be reasonable to determine such a period of time at least for enforcement of administrative sanctions. A proposal to fulfil a decision is an important mean to offer to a debtor to pay the debt by himself. But according to CPC the proposal is sent not in every case. For example, it is not sent in cases of enforcement of administrative sanctions. According to the new Instruction on Execution of Judgements, there is an alternative document to the proposal. To have in mind that both these documents have the same functions and almost the same content, there is a doubt if it is reasonable to regulate the same thing in different laws. The Supreme Administrative Court of Lithuania has decided that the Instruction on Execution of Judgements adopted in 2002 years violates other legal acts adopted by the Government. So there is a problem which Instruction should be implemented for the executive cases which were started before adopting the new Instruction... [to full text]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Picard, Nicolas. "L'application de la peine de mort en France (1906-1981)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H056/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Sur le point de disparaître en France à la fin du XIXe siècle, la peine de mort connaît un regain à pai1ir de 1906. S'appuyant sur les émotions punitives présentes dans l'opinion publique ainsi que sur les discours criminologiques, le système judiciaire vise à l'élimination de certains accusés. La peine capitale reste cependant marginale dans l'ensemble de la répression pénale et ne punit qu'une minorité de crimes de sang considérés comme particulièrement atroces. Les condamnés à mort sont fréquemment issus des couches les plus misérables et les moins intégrées de la société. Les discours judiciaires, plaidoiries, réquisitoires, expertises, s'affrontent pour déterminer si ces individus peuvent disposer de circonstances atténuantes. Les fonctions de la peine de mort sont alors discutées: s'agit-il de faire un exemple, de venger, ou d'épurer le corps social? S'entremêlent alors considérations rationnelles et émotionnelles. Ces discussions ont lieu à deux niveaux : celui de la cour d'assises d'abord, où l'enjeu est de convaincre les citoyens siégeant comme jurés, celui de l'administration ministérielle et présidentielle ensuite, où l'enjeu est de décider d'une éventuelle grâce. Les condamnés à mort, en attendant que l'on statue sur leur sort, sont détenus dans des conditions particulièrement sévères, devant éviter évasion ou suicide. Leur temps et leur espace sont extrêmement normés, ce qui ne les empêche pas de les aménager à des fins qui leur sont propres. La préparation à mort s'inscrit dans des perspectives tant laïques et religieuses Le cas échéant, la décision d'exécution mobilise forces de l'ordre, personnel pénitentiaire, l'exécuteur et ses aides, pour un acte conjuguant aspects bureaucratiques et brutale violence. Sinon, le condamné est rendu aux circuits pénitentiaires ordinaires, où il risque cependant une autre forme de mort pénale
Death penalty was about to disappear in France at the end of the 19th century. But the number of death sentences rose after 1906. The judiciary relied on the punitive emotions of the public opinion and on the criminological knowledge to eliminate some of the defendants. The capital punishment was very minor in the whole penal repression and its enforcement punished a small number of murders, considered as particularly heinous. The people sentenced to death came from the most miserable and less integrated parts of the society. Judicial discourses, such as speeches for the prosecution or the defense, or testimonies, confronted each other to determine if these people should benefit of mitigating circumstances. The functions of the death penalty were then discussed: deterrence, retribution, revenge or purge of the social body? Emotional as well as rational arguments were used. The cases were exposed at two different levels: a first time in front of the criminal court and of the citizen seating in the jury, a second time in front of the presidential advisors and of the President of the Republic, who had to decide of the pardon or the execution. The people sentenced to death had to wait their fate in particularly harsh conditions, which aimed at avoiding suicide or escape. Very strong rules framed their time and their space but some of them succeeded to adjust their environment for their own purposes. The preparation to death could be religious or secular. It the need arose, police, army, penitentiary staff, as well as the executioner and his helps were summoned to perform the execution, an act combining bureaucratic aspects and rough violence. In the other case the prisoner was held back to the ordinary prison system, where he could still risk another form of penal death

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Alvarez, Isabelle. "Essai sur la notion d'exécution contractuelle." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10027/document.

Full text

Abstract:

L'exécution constitue la cause impulsive de l'établissement du contrat qui paradoxalement est un mécanisme trop familier pour être bien connu. Qu'il s'agisse de la notion ou des divers aspects qu'elle endosse, l'exécution contractuelle suscite maintes interrogations, parfois insoupçonnées. Adopter une méthode d'analyse alternative permet d'esquisser une définition de cette notion juridique, tout en s'évertuant à maintenir l'équilibre entre les considérations théoriques et les mutations contemporaines de la réalité contractuelle. Cette étude propose ainsi une approche dynamique des échanges contractualisés, orientés vers la réalisation satisfactoire de l'opération économique, démontrant que cette phase exécutoire recèle un panel étendu de perspectives
The execution is the impulsive cause of the establishment of the contract that is paradoxically a too familiar mechanism to be well known. Whether it concerns the concept or the various aspects it endorses, contractual execution raises many questions, sometimes unsuspected. Adopting an alternative method of analysis allows to sketch a definition of this legal concept, while striving to maintain a balance between theoretical considerations and contemporary changes in the contractual reality. This study proposes a dynamic approach of contractual exchanges, facing the satisfactory completion of the economic operation and, showing that the enforcement stage contains a wide range of perspectives

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Rezende, José Carlos. "Os títulos de crédito eletrônico e a execução da duplicata virtual /." Franca : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89896.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Geraldo José Guimarães da Silva
Resumo: A informática propiciou um processo de evolução jamais presenciado pela humanidade. Neste contexto evolutivo, propõe-se neste trabalho a análise da substituição dos documentos em papel pelo suporte informático, fenômeno esse que a doutrina jurídica denominou de desmaterialização dos documentos, colocando em discussão o direito cambiário, especialmente os títulos de crédito. Esta descartularização causou mudanças profundas na duplicata, principal título de crédito do direito brasileiro, pois sem a materialização do documento, não se pode falar em título. Outra questão colocada diante desse fenômeno de desmaterialização está relacionado ao direito de crédito em caso de inadimplemento. Na procura de uma resposta para esta indagação será analisada a execução da duplicata virtual; o protesto por indicação via boleto bancário; a prova da entrega da mercadoria e do recebimento; e a recusa do aceite.
Abstract: The computer science propitiated an evolution process never witnessed by humanity. In this evolutionary context, this paper intends to analise the replacement of documents in paper for the computing support, phenomenon which the juridical doctrine denominated de-materialization of documents, putting in discussion the exchange rights, especially the securities. This phenomenon caused deep changes in the trade note, that is the main security of the Brasilian Law, because without the materialization of documents one cannot speak of securities. Another subject which lies along with that de-materialization phenomenon is related to the right of credit in case of default on payments. In search for an answer to this inquiry, the execution of the virtual trade note will be analised; the protest for indication through bank ticket; the proof of delivery of merchandise and of reception; and the refusal of its acceptance.
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Gendry, Thaïs. "Le droit de tuer, La peine de mort au service de l’ordre colonial en Afrique occidentale française, 1900-1950." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0059.

Full text

Abstract:

La justice rendue aux colonies n’est pas une excroissance de la justice française métropolitaine. Faisant fi de la séparation de pouvoirs, autoritaire et racialisée, elle est une manière singulière d’organiser le droit de punir et le droit de tuer. Celle-ci n’a généré dans l’historiographie que peu d’analyses et reste marginale dans les réflexions sur le maintien de l’ordre colonial. Elle est pourtant l’aboutissement d’un processus central à l’établissement et au maintien de la domination coloniale : celui de la séparation d’un pouvoir de mort légitime, d’autres formes de violences meurtrières, illégitimes. Ce travail cherche à saisir les usages de la peine de mort, dans le contexte colonial de l’Afrique occidentale française entre 1900 et 1950. Nous proposons d’analyser la peine de mort comme un lieu du déploiement des fondamentaux de la politique coloniale. Les condamnations et les exécutions génèrent et font circuler des discours sur les comportements africains, créent des figures criminelles, voire ennemies, à éliminer. Ainsi, la mise en scène de la violence légitime, dans les tribunaux et aux pelotons d’exécutions, institue et rejoue sans cesse les divisions de pouvoirs, de statuts (sujet/citoyen), de races et des cultures si centrales à l’ordre colonial
The justice handed out in the French colonies of West Africa is not a by-product of French metropolitan justice. Oblivious to the separation of power, while being authoritarian and racialized, it is a distinctive way of organizing the right to punish and the right to kill. The death penalty has a scarce historiography in the French empire. It is also marginal in studies pertaining to colonial tools of power, law and order. Yet, it is the culmination of a process central to the establishment and maintenance of colonial domination: the separation between a legitimate right to kill and other types of illegitimate lethal violence. This dissertation explores the role played by the death penalty in the context of French West Africa between 1900 and 1950.The death penalty is analysed as a space where the fundamentals of colonial policies are deployed. Condemnation and executions generate and circulate colonial discourses about African behaviour, giving rise to criminal and enemy figures that ought to be eliminated. The staging of legitimate violence, within courts and by firing squads, continuously re-enacts divisions of power, of status (citizen/subject), of race and culture—the very pillars of the colonial order

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Prasad, Aman. "Sovereign Immunity from Execution of Arbitral Awards : A Focus on Attaching and Executing Central Bank Assets and 2004 UNSCI." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416632.

Full text

Abstract:

The past few decades have seen a veritable explosion of investment treaty and other arbitration claims brought against States. Many of these claims have been heard through ICSID arbitration. In comparison to other arbitration frameworks, the ICSID regime has its own self-contained rules for enforcement. Thus, given the significant increase in arbitration claims against States, on the one hand, and States’ not too seldom invoking of the defence of sovereign immunity, on the other hand, this treatise is timely in addressing various outstanding issues that award-creditors have and will continue to encounter when dealing with defaulting States. The doctrine of sovereign immunity translates into the conventional wisdom that a State cannot be sued without its consent in foreign courts. This doctrine derives from the practical consequence that the sovereign makes the law, and consequently can break it too. This idea is an extension of primarily the common law doctrine to the international plane, which emerged largely as a result of international comity.[1] This concept is also based upon principles ‘equality’ in terms of ‘equal sovereign status’. Some authors even call it ‘independence’ and ‘dignity’ etc., In this respect, the ICJ has also held that it was equality, that is the basis, i.e. justification for the general rule of immunity. The theory of immunity has gradually shifted from absolute to restrictive immunity, making it significantly easier for award-creditors to enforce an arbitral award. However, the barrier vis-à-vis immunity from execution makes the last link in ITA vulnerable. This evolution has made substantially an easier task for award-creditors in ITA and ISDS holding an arbitration award against a sovereign State. In view of this relatively at ease syndrome that award-creditors now possess, the immunity protections granted to State and its assets will be accessed albeit the proportionality test of acta jure imperii (i.e. sovereign or government purpose) & acta jure gestionis (i.e. commercial or mixed purpose) and the measurement standard applied to such tests is UNSCI 2004, which are now largely constituting States customary international law. Ultimately, to the author’s opinion, the value of international arbitration (‘ITA and ISDS’) as a means and ends of solving disputes is dependent upon the extent to which arbitral awards are honoured and enforced. In this light, the author can vociferously say that sovereign immunity remains a significant impediment against award-creditors seeking to enforce arbitral awards against unwilling States. The barrier is not one that will fade away. Thus, outstanding award-creditors could be advised to exercise some pressure through alternate and viable forms of enforcement measures. Therefore, the States should not stand-alone to shield their commercial assets from enforcement, attachment and execution, especially for de minimis sovereign purposes.[2] [1] R Doak Bishop (ed), Enforcement of Arbitral Awards against Sovereigns (JurisNet, LLC Publ 2009). [2] R Doak Bishop (ed), Enforcement of Arbitral Awards against Sovereigns (JurisNet, LLC Publ 2009).

My thesis opposition was done through virtual presentation in Zoom.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Lin, Ching-Lang. "Arbitration in administrative contracts : comparative law perspective." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0023/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Il a été longuement discuté de savoir si le système d'arbitrage est applicable pour régler les litiges administratifs qui concernent certains contrats administratifs ou d’autres sans rapport avec le contrat administratif. Dans cette thèse, les trois questions spécifiques sont analysées tour à tour : (1) Est-il possible pour un arbitre ou un tribunal arbitral de trancher des questions relevant du droit administratif? (2) Y a-t-il, ou devrait-il y avoir, des limitations à l'autorité des arbitres et des tribunaux arbitraux? (3) Enfin, après la délivrance d'une sentence arbitrale, quel rôle devrait jouer l'État dans la phase de contrôle judiciaire? La première question concerne l'arbitrabilité et a été discutée dans la première partie (FIRST PART: ARBITRABILITY). La deuxième question a été discutée dans la deuxième partie (SECOND PART: PARTICULAR QUESTIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS IN ARBITRATION PROCEDURE). Enfin, sur la dernière question a fait l’objet d’une troisième partie (THIRD PART: JUDICIAL REVIEW AND EXECUTION OF ARBITRATION AWARD). Dans cette thèse, nous avons comparé les systèmes de quatre pays (Canada, Chine, France, Taïwan). En conclusion, nous pouvons donc conclure que l’évolution de la conception du contrat administratif implique de nombreux aspects, y compris les aspects juridiques, économiques, politiques et même culturels. Le développement de la fonction de contentieux administratif, comme ‘’subjectivement orienté" ou "objectivement orienté" aura une incidence sur l'acceptation de l'arbitrage en matière administrative. Dans l'ensemble, l'arbitrage sera plus acceptable dans les systèmes dont la fonction est plus ‘’subjectivement orientée" que dans ceux dont la fonction est "objectivement orientée"
While arbitration has traditionally been considered as a means to resolve private disputes, its role in disputes involving administrative contracts is a crucial question in administrative law. In brief, the three specific questions are (1) Can arbitrators or arbitral tribunals decide issues involving administrative law? and (2) Is there, or should there be, any limitation on the authority of arbitrators or arbitral tribunals? (3) Moreover, after the issue of an arbitration award, what role should the State play in the judicial review phase? The first question, the issue of arbitrability, is discussed in part 1 (FIRST PART: ARBITRABILITY). The second question will be discussed in part2 (SECOND PART: PARTICULAR QUESTIONS OF ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS IN ARBITRATION PROCEDURE). Finally, on the question of what happens after the arbitration award, we will discuss judicial review in part 3 (THIRD PART: JUDICIAL REVIEW AND EXECUTION OF ARBITRATION AWARD). We compare legal systems between the four countries: in France, in Canada, in China and in Taiwan. We believe that an administrative contract, at least in its function and conception, is gradually becoming different from a private contract. Innovation with respect to administrative contracts will also reflect the concentration and function of the administrative litigation systems in each country. In addition, the “objective” or “subjective” function of administrative litigation will also affect the degree of arbitrability, as well as arbitration procedures. Taken together, arbitration will be more acceptable in systems whose function is more “subjectively oriented” than in those whose function is “objectively oriented". Finally, “the arbitration of administrative matters” traditionally has been an important question in administrative and arbitration law. In the future, we will continue to see it shine in the doctrine and jurisprudence of both the administrative and arbitration law fields

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Marques, Camila Salgueiro da Purificação. "A execução provisória por quantia certa contra devedor solvente no Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6515.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Salgueiro da Purificacao Marques.pdf: 1368679 bytes, checksum: 4ae6dafc3f60a0575ff861bf256e3467 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-21
The present study aims focuse on the Brazilian procedural law, specifically the institute of the provisional execution in court rulings, authorized by the Code of Civil Procedure in the cases of appeals that are received only in their non-staying effect, with a procedure regulated by the article 475-O of the Code of Civil Procedure. As such, it encompasses the provisional execution with exact amount against a solvent debtor in the Code of Civil Procedure. The present study is justified by the need to carry out court rulings, mainly the ones provided by first instance judges, in order to avoid that the plaintiff, prevailing party of the demand, wait for the trial of the appeal put in motion by the opposing party, to only then perform the execution. The technique of researching indirect documentation was used, and the approach method is the logical deductive. The research approached the following items: the effectiveness of the court rulings, mainly within the ambit of execution, as well as its sentences, its respective chapters and efficacy; the moment of the efficacy of the decisions, approaching the provisional execution title, the provisional execution and the advanced judicial protection, and the execution of the astreintes ; the concept of the provisional execution, the situations that lead to it, and its distinctive criteria in relation to the definitive execution, specifically the bond and the responsibility of the execution creditor; the procedure of the provisional execution; and other questions considered relevant, even if they don t compose the focus of the study, such as the provisional execution against the Public Treasury, the provisional execution of the fees and the procedural costs, and the specific provisional execution. The investigation shows the necessity and the urgency to carry out the court rulings, and the theme should be continuously studied
O presente estudo objetiva focar o direito processual civil brasileiro, especificamente o instituto da execução provisória das decisões judiciais, autorizada pelo Código de Processo Civil, nos casos dos recursos que são recebidos apenas em seu efeito devolutivo, com procedimento regulado pelo artigo 475-O, do Código de Processo Civil. Abrange, assim, a execução provisória por quantia certa contra devedor solvente no Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro. Justifica-se esta pesquisa pela necessidade de se efetivar as decisões judiciais, mormente as proferidas pelos juízes de primeira instância, de modo a evitar que o autor e vencedor da demanda aguarde o julgamento do recurso interposto pela parte contrária para só então realizar a execução. Utilizou-se a técnica de pesquisa da documentação indireta e o método de abordagem é o lógico-dedutivo. A pesquisa abordou os seguintes itens: a efetividade das decisões judiciais, em especial no âmbito da execução, assim como as sentenças, seus respectivos capítulos e eficácia; o momento da eficácia das decisões, abordando o título executivo provisório, a execução provisória e a antecipação de tutela, e a execução das astreintes ; o conceito da execução provisória, as situações que a ensejam e os seus critérios distintivos em relação à execução definitiva, especificamente a caução e a responsabilidade do exequente; o procedimento da execução provisória; e outras questões consideradas relevantes, ainda que não componham o foco do trabalho, como a execução provisória contra a Fazenda Pública, a execução provisória dos honorários e das custas processuais e a execução específica provisória. A investigação mostra a necessidade e a urgência de se efetivar as decisões judiciais, devendo o tema ser continuadamente estudado

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Silveira, Francisco Secaf Alves. "A concretização do direito financeiro: os efeitos do contingenciamento na execução orçamentária." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-30082017-140717/.

Full text

Abstract:

O presente trabalho visa investigar em que medida o contingenciamento (artigo 9º da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal) tem sido aplicado fora de seus parâmetros jurídicos e, consequentemente, representado um obstáculo à concretização do Direito Financeiro. Por trás desse objetivo está a ideia de que, atualmente, o grande desafio do Direito Constitucional Financeiro é a sua concretização. O trabalho está estruturado em cinco capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, são estabelecidas as premissas: o que se entende por concretização do Direito Constitucional Financeiro e quais são os principais obstáculos para esta. Nessa linha, destaca-se, em primeiro lugar, que o Direito Financeiro está inserido em um novo paradigma, no qual o orçamento deve ser encarado como meio de dar efetividade à Constituição, como instrumento de implementação do Estado Democrático de Direito e dos direitos fundamentais. Em segundo lugar, discute-se a prática relativa aos instrumentos de flexibilização orçamentária e como esta representa, em larga medida, um entrave à concretização do Direito Financeiro. No segundo capítulo, adentra-se na análise do instrumento de flexibilização orçamentária objeto de estudo o contingenciamento , interpretando-se o artigo 9º da Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal. Delineados os principais aspectos da norma que prevê o contingenciamento, no terceiro capítulo passa-se a olhar para sua aplicação. A partir de uma revisão doutrinária e de um levantamento de dados da execução orçamentária federal dos anos de 2010 a 2013, verifica-se em que medida há uma prática relativa ao contingenciamento fora dos parâmetros jurídicos. O quarto capítulo aponta para os efeitos do contingenciamento na execução do orçamento sob quatro perspectivas: (i) da realização de políticas públicas e consolidação de direitos sociais, (ii) do planejamento, (iii) da transparência e (iv) da legitimidade democrática do gasto público. Por meio dessa análise, além de reforçar as considerações do capítulo anterior, é possível configurar que a prática do contingenciamento tem sido um obstáculo à concretização do Direito Financeiro no Brasil. Por último, no quinto capítulo, apresentaram-se algumas propostas para o controle do contingenciamento no âmbito do Tribunal de Contas, do Poder Legislativo e do Poder Judiciário, verificando-se que é possível um controle jurídico do contingenciamento que, consequentemente, permita uma maior concretização do Direito Financeiro.
The present study aims to investigate if the budgetary curtailment (Article 9 of the Fiscal Responsibility Law) has been applied according to its legal rules and if it represents an obstacle to the achievement of the Brazilian Public Finance Law. The thesis is structured in five chapters. The first chapter establishes two premises: the meaning of achieving the Public Finance Law and the main obstacles for it. We assume that the Public Finance Law is inserted into a new paradigm, in which the budget should be seen as a way to give effectiveness to the Constitution and as an instrument for implementing democratic rules and fundamental rights. We also discuss the practice regarding the flexibility instruments and how they can be an obstacle to the Public Finance Law achievement. In the second chapter, we analyse the budgetary curtailment regulation, specifically the article 9 of the Fiscal Responsibility Law. The third chapter looks to the use of the curtailment in the federal budget execution. From a doctrinal review and from a data collection of 2010-2013 federal budget execution, we demonstrate that there is an illegal use of the curtailments. The fourth chapter points out to the effects of curtailment in budget execution from four perspectives: (i) the accomplishment of public policies, (ii) the budget planning, (iii) the fiscal transparency and (iv) the democratic legitimacy of public expenditure. By this analysis, we conclude that the use of the curtailment in the federal budget execution has been an obstacle to the achievement of the Public Finance Law in Brazil. Finally, the fifth chapter presents some proposals for controlling the budget curtailment within the Federal Court of Accounts, the Legislative and the Judiciary. We verify that it is possible a legal control of the budget curtailment to strengthen the achievement of Public Finance Law.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Menin, Gilberto Leme. "Adjudicação." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5737.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilberto Leme Menin.pdf: 409451 bytes, checksum: 9f818a23419cd1429e3837b51959e6ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-10
This dissertation aims to the studies of adjudication in the execution action of extrajudicial and fulfillment of sentence, especially from the strength of the Federal Law 11,382/2006, which lifted the institute of preferential expropriation technique. The choice of topic was given by the fact that few authors have discoursed profoundly on the subject. That aim was achieved through literature review, material collected during the collection of realized credits, research of legislation and jurisprudence. Began working from the historical origin of the adjudication of the Roman law, passing its application to Portuguese law and the Codes of Civil Procedure, the prior and current legislation and strength of legislation. Finally, we have made observations and suggestions to the project of the new Code of Civil Procedure
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo aprofundar os estudos da adjudicação na execução de título executivo extrajudicial e no cumprimento de sentença, notadamente a partir da entrada em vigor da Lei Federal 11.382/2006, que alçou o instituto à técnica de expropriação preferencial. A escolha do tema se deu pelo fato de poucos autores terem discorrido profundamente sobre o assunto. Tal objetivo foi atingido mediante revisão bibliográfica, material coletado durante a realização dos créditos, pesquisas de legislação e jurisprudência. Iniciamos o trabalho a partir da origem histórica da adjudicação no direito romano, passando-se à sua aplicação no direito português e nos Códigos de Processo Civil anteriores à atual legislação e na legislação em vigor. Por fim, tecemos observações e sugestões ao anteprojeto do novo Código de Processo Civil

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Juodėnas, Giedrius. "Mokestinių nepriemokų išieškojimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20061219_100437-75881.

Full text

Abstract:

Šiame darbe nagrinėjama mokestinės prievolės įvykdymą užtikrinančių priemonių bei mokestinių nepriemokų išieškojimo procedūrų taikymas Lietuvoje pagal Mokesčių administravimo įstatymo nuostatas. Pagrindinė tyrimo užduotis yra Lietuvoje nustatyto mokesčių administratoriaus naudojamų mokesčių sumokėjimo ir užtikrinimo priemonių reglamentavimo įvertinimas ir analizė. Tyrimą sudaro trys skyriai. Pirmajame aptariama mokestinės prievolės bei mokestinės nepriemokos sąvokų santykis, jų atsiradimas ir pasibaigimas bei klasifikacija. Antrajame skyriuje išanalizuojama mokestinės prievolės užtikrinimo priemonių taikymo teoriniai bei praktiniai aspektai. Trečiajame skyriuje tiriama mokestinių nepriemokų išieškojimo procesas. Analizuojamos procedūros, jų taikymo reglamentavimas bei iš to kylančios problemos. Darbo išvadose trumpai įvertinama mokesčių administratoriaus taikomų mokestinės prievolės įvykdymo užtikrinimo būdų bei mokestinių nepriemokų išieškojimo procedūrų taikymo problematiką bei veiksmingumą, pateikia keletą galimų pasiūlymų dėl šių teisinių santykių reglamentavimo tobulinimo.
This work examines the implementation of the measures of assurance of the tax obligation execution and the procedures of the exaction of the back taxes under the tax administration law in Lithuania. The main task of this research is to analyze and evaluate the regulation of measures tax authorities use to assure proper tax collection. Research work is composed of three chapters. The first chapter describes the concept of tax obligation and the back tax, the intercourse between these two concepts, also deals with the moment of the beginning and the end of the tax obligation and the back tax, and with classification. In the second chapter is given the analysis of theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation of the measures of the tax obligation execution assurance. The third chapter explores the process of exaction of the back taxes. As well the procedures, its regulation and the problems that occur. In conclusion, author briefly evaluates the problems and efficiency of implementation of the measures of assurance of the tax obligation execution and the procedures of the exaction of the back taxes, also gives a few recommendations on improvement of regulation of these legal relations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Jankauskaitė, Giedrė. "Vykdymo proceso šalių teisių gynimas Lietuvoje ir Vokietijoje (lyginamasis tyrimas)." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20100224_102808-84141.

Full text

Abstract:

Sprendimų vykdymas yra sudėtinė asmens teisės į teismą dalis ir ši teisė būtų iliuzinė, jeigu valstybės teisės sistema privalomą teismo sprendimą leistų palikti neįvykdytą, taip darant žalą vienai iš šalių. Dažnai pabrėžiama, kad civilinis procesas nesibaigia teismo sprendimo priėmimu. Net po to, tam tikrais atvejais yra būtinas prievartos aparato panaudojimas siekiant įvykdyti teisingumą. O teisingumas gali būti įvykdytas ir pasiekti savo tikslą tik tada, kai bus teisėtai, greitai ir veiksmingai įvykdytas teismo sprendimas. Tais atvejais, kai sprendimas nevykdomas, asmenys, kurių naudai priimtas sprendimas, gali prašyti sprendimą įvykdyti priverstinai. Valstybė, prisiėmusi pareigą užtikrinti materialinių subjektinių teisių gynimą, tai įgyvendina ne tik užtikrindama kiekvienam teisės subjektui teisminę jo pažeistų teisių ir interesų gynybą, bet ir civilinio proceso metu priimto teismo sprendimo įvykdymą prievarta. Šis prievartos mechanizmas yra sutelktas būtent valstybės rankose. Asmeniui, ginančiam savo pažeistas teises, reikia ne jų pažeidimą deklaruojančio teismo sprendimo arba tik šio pažeidimo konstatavimo, bet realaus teisių gynimo. Tai gali užtikrinti tik veiksminga teismo sprendimų vykdymo sistema. Teismo sprendimų vykdymas yra baigiamoji civilinio proceso stadija, kurios metu įgyvendinamas teismo sprendimas, o išieškotojas ir skolininkas realiai patiria teisinius ir turtinius teismo sprendimo padarinius. Vykdant teismo sprendimus, privalu griežtai laikytis įstatymo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Enforcement is an integral part of the right to a trial and this right would be illusory if the law of a mandatory system would leave the decision of the Court‘s failure, to the detriment o fone of the parties. Often stressed that the process does not end the civil court decision. Even then, in some cases, it is necessary to use coercive apparatus of justice. And justice can be fulfilled and to achieve its goal only when it is legally, quickly and effectively enforced court decision. In cases where a decision is not met, the persons for whose benefit the decision may request the decision to compulsorily. Enforcement of Civil Procedure is the final stage, during which implemented the court decision and the creditor and the debtor actually experienced legal and property implications of the court decision. The judgments must strictly comply with the statutory compulsory enforcement procedures to prevent violations of creditors to the debtor and third party rights and legitimate interests. Legal relations in civil proceedings entities for their role in civil proceedings are divided into: a) pursuing justice and ensuring the implementation of judicial decisions, b) participants (those involved in this case and other participants in the process). The first group includes the court, bailiff, court clerk (Rechtspfleger) and other entities engaged in ensuring fairness and justice act - of a judicial decision, order or decision - implementation. The second group includes the parties... [to full text]
Die Durchführung der Entscheidungen stellt einen Teil des Rechts einer Person auf Gericht dar; dieses Recht wäre eine Illusion, würde das staatliche Rechtssystem auf die Vollstreckung des verbindlichen Gerichtsbeschlusses nicht bestehen und so einen Schaden für eine von den Parteien verursachen. Es wird oft behauptet, dass ein Zivilverfahren mit der Fassung des Gerichtsbeschlusses nicht beendet ist. Sogar danach ist der Eingriff des Gewaltapparates in bestimmten Fällen erforderlich, um die Gerechtigkeit auszuüben. Die Gerechtigkeit kann erst dann ausgeübt werden und ihr Ziel erreichen, wenn der Gerichtsbeschluss rechtmäßig, schnell und wirkungsvoll vollstreckt wird. Wenn der Beschluss nicht durchgeführt wird, können die Personen, zu deren Gunsten der Beschluss gefasst wurde, einen Antrag auf die Vollstreckung stellen. Während des Durchführungsvorgangs wird das streitige oder verletzte materielle subjektive Recht oder zum Schutz stehendes Interesse tatsächlich wiederhergestellt. Nachdem der Staat die Pflicht die Verteidigung materieller subjektiver Rechte zu gewährleisten auf sich genommen hat, führt er diese Pflicht nicht nur dadurch aus, dass die gerichtliche Verteidigung der verletzten Rechten und Interessen für jedes Rechtsubjekt gewährleistet ist, sondern auch durch die Vollstreckung des in einem Zivilprozess gefassten Gerichtsbeschlusses. Dieser Gewaltmechanismus ist in den Händen des Staates konzentriert. Eine Person, die ihre verletzten Rechte verteidigt, braucht... [der volle Text, siehe weiter]

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Caldas, Neto Joaquim. "Rol de penhora na execução fiscal para micro e pequenas empresas a partir do princípio da isonomia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20661.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-11T11:12:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Joaquim Caldas Neto.pdf: 1291653 bytes, checksum: 10a46759df81f271d593e7f1cd60fe7a (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-11T11:12:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joaquim Caldas Neto.pdf: 1291653 bytes, checksum: 10a46759df81f271d593e7f1cd60fe7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-23
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The present study sought to deepen the analysis of the rules regarding the guarantee in the fiscal foreclosures, focusing on the attachment role, currently foreseen in art. 11 of the Law on Tax Enforcement - LEF (Law 6.830 / 80) and art. 835 of the Civil Procedure Code of 2015 - CPC / 2015. This issue is justified in view of the relevance of tax enforcement in the scope of the Judiciary, since they correspond to more than half of the total stock of cases in the first instance. Therefore, we consider that to analyze the procedure of guarantee of executive actions for the collection of tribute is a useful subject for the homeland doctrine. Analyzing specifically the issue of the attachment role, this study indicated as a hypothesis the verification as to whether or not to follow the attachment order of art. 11 of the LEF and art. 835 of CPC / 2015. Given the breadth of the topic, to study whether or not mandatory in the follow-up of the attachment role, the study limited as a passive study parameter to micro and small companies. In addition to the limitation of the analysis regarding these legal entities, the study sought to verify whether the possible mandatory or not of this attachment order, for micro and small companies, violates the principle of isonomy. Thus, to verify whether the relativization of the attachment order and whether this possible flexibilization respects the principle of equality, the present study chose, as a theoretical-methodological aspect, to use as a parameter the neo-constitutionalist school, which studies certain current behaviors of the legal order , such as: the valuation of the dignity of the human person, the prevalence and direct application of principles. Being one of the characteristics of this school the prevalence of normativity of the principles, this was relevant to this study, since one of the other assumptions chosen for the analysis of the obligation of the attachment role is to verify if this flexibility respects the principle of isonomy. Therefore, the criteria that were used by this study regarding the relativization of the attachment order were: (i) the executed be micro and small companies; (ii) and whether relativization respected the principle of equality, based on the procedure established by Celso Antônio Bandeira de Mello. The procedure used in the present study was to verify the possibility of flexibilization of the attachment role of art. 11 of the LEF and art. 835 of the CPC / 2015, for the micro and small companies, based on the principle of isonomy, using the Celso Antônio Bandeira de Mello procedure, having as context the neoconstitutionalist school. At the end, regarding the results obtained, this study confirmed the possibility of flexibilization of the attachment order of art. 11 of the LEF and art. 835 of CPC / 15 by the judge, from the concrete case, and it is legal to use the commercial framework as micro and small company as a criterion for the judge to relax the attachment role. In addition, it was verified that the relativization of the attachment order for micro and small companies respects the principle of isonomy, based on the procedure established by Celso Antônio Bandeira de Mello
O presente estudo buscou aprofundar a análise das regras quanto à garantia nas execuções fiscais, com foco no rol de penhora, atualmente previsto nos art. 11 da Lei de Execuções Fiscais – LEF (Lei n. 6.830/80) e art. 835 do Código de Processo Civil de 2015 – CPC/2015. Justifica-se esse tema em face da relevância que as execuções fiscais possuem no âmbito do Poder Judiciário, haja vista que elas correspondem a mais da metade do estoque total de processos em primeira instância. Portanto, consideramos que analisar o procedimento de garantia das ações executivas para a cobrança de tributo é uma matéria útil para a doutrina pátria. Analisando especificamente a questão do rol de penhora, este estudo indicou como hipótese a verificação quanto à obrigatoriedade ou não do seguimento da ordem de penhora dos art. 11 da LEF e art. 835 do CPC/2015. Dada a amplitude do tema, para analisar a obrigatoriedade ou não no seguimento do rol de penhora, o estudo limitou como sujeito passivo parâmetro de estudo as micro e pequenas empresas. Além da limitação da análise quanto a essas pessoas jurídicas, o estudo buscou verificar se a possível obrigatoriedade ou não dessa ordem de penhora, para as micro e pequenas empresas, viola o princípio da isonomia. Assim, para realizar a verificação se a relativização da ordem de penhora e se essa possível flexibilização respeita o princípio da igualdade, o presente estudo escolheu, como aspecto teórico-metodológico, utilizar como parâmetro a escola neoconstitucionalista, que estuda determinados comportamentos atuais do ordenamento jurídico, tais como: a valoração da dignidade da pessoa humana, a prevalência e aplicação direta dos princípios. Sendo uma das características dessa escola a prevalência de normatividade dos princípios, esta foi relevante para este estudo, na medida em que um dos outros pressupostos escolhidos para a análise da obrigatoriedade do rol de penhora é verificar se essa flexibilização respeita o princípio da isonomia. Logo, os critérios que foram utilizados por este estudo quanto à relativização da ordem de penhora foram: (i) o executado ser micro e pequenas empresas; (ii) e se a relativização respeitou o princípio da igualdade, a partir do procedimento estabelecido por Celso Antônio Bandeira de Mello. Portanto, o procedimento utilizado no presente estudo foi verificar a possiblidade de flexibilização do rol de penhora dos art. 11 da LEF e art. 835 do CPC/2015, para as micro e pequenas empresas, a partir do princípio da isonomia, utilizando o procedimento de Celso Antônio Bandeira de Mello, tendo como contexto a escola neoconstitucionalista. Ao final, quanto aos resultados obtidos, este estudo confirmou a possibilidade de flexibilização da ordem de penhora do art. 11 da LEF e art. 835 do CPC/15 pelo juiz, a partir do caso concreto, sendo legal utilizar o enquadramento comercial como micro e pequena empresa como critério para que o juiz flexibilize o rol de penhora. Além disso, constatou-se que a relativização da ordem de penhora para as micro e pequenas empresas respeita o princípio da isonomia, a partir do procedimento estabelecido por Celso Antônio Bandeira de Mello

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Rezende, José Carlos [UNESP]. "Os títulos de crédito eletrônico e a execução da duplicata virtual." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89896.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:10:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rezende_jc_me_fran.pdf: 943078 bytes, checksum: 0344689a261c209978a4628506183ff4 (MD5)
A informática propiciou um processo de evolução jamais presenciado pela humanidade. Neste contexto evolutivo, propõe-se neste trabalho a análise da substituição dos documentos em papel pelo suporte informático, fenômeno esse que a doutrina jurídica denominou de desmaterialização dos documentos, colocando em discussão o direito cambiário, especialmente os títulos de crédito. Esta descartularização causou mudanças profundas na duplicata, principal título de crédito do direito brasileiro, pois sem a materialização do documento, não se pode falar em título. Outra questão colocada diante desse fenômeno de desmaterialização está relacionado ao direito de crédito em caso de inadimplemento. Na procura de uma resposta para esta indagação será analisada a execução da duplicata virtual; o protesto por indicação via boleto bancário; a prova da entrega da mercadoria e do recebimento; e a recusa do aceite.
The computer science propitiated an evolution process never witnessed by humanity. In this evolutionary context, this paper intends to analise the replacement of documents in paper for the computing support, phenomenon which the juridical doctrine denominated de-materialization of documents, putting in discussion the exchange rights, especially the securities. This phenomenon caused deep changes in the trade note, that is the main security of the Brasilian Law, because without the materialization of documents one cannot speak of securities. Another subject which lies along with that de-materialization phenomenon is related to the right of credit in case of default on payments. In search for an answer to this inquiry, the execution of the virtual trade note will be analised; the protest for indication through bank ticket; the proof of delivery of merchandise and of reception; and the refusal of its acceptance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Galindo, Benevolo Alves. "Execução contra a fazenda pública : uma visão da emenda constitucional 62/2009 sob o prisma da razoável duração do processo." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=736.

Full text

Abstract:

O presente trabalho visa ao estudo da Emenda Constitucional 62/2009, sob a visão do princípio da razoável duração do processo, assim como os seus efeitos, diretos ou indiretos, nos direitos dos credores de precatórios. O processo como meio de interferência do Estado na vida privada das pessoas, na tentativa de alcançar a paz social abalada pelo formação de uma lide. Na preocupação de atender aos princípios da legalidade e da segurança jurídica, o processo é em si, burocrático e moroso, sem prazo estabelecido para o seu término. O Direito Processual tem evoluído no sentido de tornar os procedimentos mais céleres, proporcionando um atendimento mais eficaz e efetivo a quem procura o Judiciário. A EC-62/2009 trata da implantação de um novo sistema de precatórios, no qual a Fazenda Pública inadimplente tem duas formas opcionais de pagamento: anual ou mensal. Na forma em que foi concebida, com o alongamento dos prazos de pagamento dos precatórios por quinze anos, podendo-se eternizar, constitui uma ameaça ao atendimento dos objetivos gerais das reformas do Código de Processo Civil, e uma afronta aos princípios da efetividade da Justiça, e, principalmente, ao da RAZOÁVEL DURAÇÃO DO PROCESSO. A análise da supracitada Emenda é necessária ao entendimento das alterações por ela provocadas, bem como das sua conseqüências administrativas e procedimentais e ainda, no recebimento do crédito do precatório
The present work aims to study the Constitutional Amendment 62/2009, under the vision of the principle of reasonable duration of process, as well as their effects, direct or indirect, in the rights of creditors of writ. The process as a means of state interference in private life of people in an attempt to achieve social peace shattered by the formation of a dispute. In the concern to meet the principles of legality and legal certainty, the process is in itself, bureaucratic and time consuming, no deadline for its completion. The procedural law has evolved to make procedures quicker, providing a more efficient and effective for those looking for the judiciary. The EC-62/2009 comes to deploying a new system of writ, in which the Treasury would have defaulted two optional forms of payment: annual or monthly. In the form in which it was conceived with the lengthening of payment of the writ for fifteen years, and can perpetuate itself, constitutes a threat to meeting the overall objectives of the reforms of the Code of Civil Procedure, and an affront to the principles of effectiveness Justice , and especially the principle of reasonable duration of the PROCESS. The analysis of the aforementioned amendment is necessary to understand the changes it caused, as well as consequences of their administrative and procedural and, upon receipt of credit debt security

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Cabral, Ruth do Prado. "Reintegração social em Goiás: o perfil do apenado e a atuação do patronato em prol do egresso." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4575.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-05-25T10:38:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ruth do Prado Cabral - 2014.pdf: 1333629 bytes, checksum: 4977880d95d89b74b4325bae16cccb68 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-05-25T10:40:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ruth do Prado Cabral - 2014.pdf: 1333629 bytes, checksum: 4977880d95d89b74b4325bae16cccb68 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-25T10:40:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ruth do Prado Cabral - 2014.pdf: 1333629 bytes, checksum: 4977880d95d89b74b4325bae16cccb68 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-31
Taking into consideration the security issues that Brazil has faced, with speculation about the recidivism rate for lack of empirical data, to understand the ways that the state has used to build strategies for social reintegration of individuals who experience the condition of prison is necessary. The proposed theme encompassed discussions and constructions in different areas, as socially, encompasses the interdisciplinary science, enabling clippings of violence coming from sociology, criminology, education and human rights. The study addresses the historical concepts wrapped in structuring the prison as a total institution (Goffman, 2001). Understanding the historical aspects of the formation of prison as an institution reinforces the ineffectiveness of Brazilian prisons, which operate based on authoritarian mentality still present since its founding. Reflects on the effects of imprisonment, stigma and discrimination, suggesting continuity in the analysis of criminal sanction even at the end of the sentence, the figure of the citizen-former prisoners For the preparation of this dissertation was decided to split into two studies. The purpose of Study 1 was to describe, from secondary data INFOPEN, aspects of the prison structure in Goiás in the years 2010, 2011 and 2012, and the strategies of social reintegration in intramural period. Study 2 aimed to investigate the actions of the Foundation of the State of Goiás in supporting the Social Reintegration of Ex- Offenders (extramural period). For the processing of the results, we chose to categorize the data, responding to criteria based on the tripod of the concept of reintegration (work, health and education). In study 1, the data from the information system of prisons, it appears that the prison structure in Goiás is characterized by having a deficit of jobs and consequent overcrowding. In 2010 the capacity was 62% higher than allowed, and with increased vacancies in 2012, the surplus still reached values almost 50% higher than allowed. Composed of men and women with low education (in the three years analyzed, nearly 60% just literate and / or with incomplete primary education), with almost 60% composed of young people 18-29 years. The results of the study reflect the 2 shy scope of actions of social reintegration of graduates, with values less than 25% in the three aspects of reintegration. Although constructed with regard to the penitentiary system discourse demands the presence of educational and work activities in favor of the idea of reintegration, it was observed that the actions of social reintegration, in the analyzed period, do not represent a significant rate the severity of the problems facing addressed.
Levando-se em consideração os problemas de segurança que o Brasil tem enfrentado, com especulações acerca do índice de reincidência criminal por falta de dados empíricos, compreender as formas que o Estado tem utilizado para construir estratégias de reintegração social dos indivíduos que vivenciam a situação de cárcere faz-se necessário. O tema proposto englobou debates e construções em diferentes áreas, já que, socialmente, abarca a ciência interdisciplinar, possibilitando recortes oriundos da sociologia da violência, da criminologia, da educação e dos direitos humanos. O estudo aborda as concepções históricas envoltas na estruturação da prisão como Instituição Total (GOFFMAN, 2001). A compreensão dos aspectos históricos da formação da Prisão enquanto instituição reforça a inoperância das prisões brasileiras, que ainda funcionam baseadas na mentalidade autoritária presente desde a sua fundação. Faz uma reflexão sobre os efeitos do aprisionamento, estigma e discriminação, propondo, na análise, a continuidade da sanção penal mesmo ao término do cumprimento da pena, na figura dos cidadãosegressos do sistema penitenciário. Para a elaboração desta dissertação optou-se pela divisão em dois estudos, cujos objetivos eram: a) estudo 1: descrever, a partir dos dados secundários do INFOPEN, os aspectos da estrutura prisional em Goiás nos anos de 2010, 2011 e 2012, e as estratégias de reintegração social no período intramuros; b) estudo 2: pesquisar as ações do Patronato do Estado de Goiás no apoio à Reintegração Social dos Egressos (período extramuros). Para a elaboração dos resultados, optou-se por categorizar os dados, respondendo a critérios baseados no tripé do conceito de reintegração (trabalho, saúde e educação). No estudo 1, a partir dos dados do sistema de informações penitenciárias, constata-se que a estrutura carcerária em Goiás se caracteriza por apresentar um déficit de vagas e consequente superlotação. Em 2010, a lotação estava 62% acima do permitido, e, com o aumento de vagas em 2012, o excesso ainda atingia valores quase 50% acima do permitido. Composto por homens e mulheres com baixa escolaridade (nos três anos analisados, quase 60% eram apenas alfabetizados e/ou com ensino fundamental incompleto), com quase 60% composto por jovens de 18 a 29 anos. Os resultados do estudo 2 refletem o tímido alcance das ações de reintegração social aos egressos, com valores menores que 25% nos três aspectos da reintegração. Embora o discurso construído com relação ao sistema penitenciário reivindique a presença de atividades educacionais e laborativas, em prol da ideia de reintegração, observou-se que as ações de reintegração social, no período analisado, não correspondem a um índice expressivo frente à gravidade da problemática abordada.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Rodrigues, Maurício Pallotta. "Os efeitos fiscais e previdenciários da sentença trabalhista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-11042016-132435/.

Full text

Abstract:

Pretende-se com o presente trabalho de pesquisa abordar, do ponto de vista teórico, as especificidades da execução ex officio das contribuições sociais no âmbito trabalhista. A problemática gira em torno da natureza jurídica da contribuição social e do procedimento sui generis de execução na justiça do trabalho. A natureza tributária impõe uma série de implicações que devem ser enfrentadas pelo operador do direito, principalmente no que pertine as normas aplicáveis na constituição e exigência do crédito tributário. O objeto do trabalho consistirá na análise do procedimento de execução que deve ser adotado, visando o respeito dos demais institutos vinculados à execução tributária, inclusive, a prescrição e a decadência. Serão identificadas as peculiaridades desta competência concorrente, incluída a questão da possibilidade de utilização de períodos cujo vínculo tenha sido reconhecido por sentença trabalhista, para fins de obtenção de benefícios previdenciários.
The present research intends to approach, from a theoretical point of view, the specific ex officio implementation of social security contributions. The issue revolves around the legal nature of social security contribution and the sui generis execution procedure in the labour courts. The nature of this tax (contribution to social security) imposes a number of implications that must be addressed by the legal practitioner, especially as it pertains to the rules in the constitution and requirements of taxes owning. The objective of the study will be the analysis of the execution procedure to be adopted for compliance with other laws, rules, or regulations relating to tax enforcement, including any statutes of limitation. The peculiarities of this concurrent jurisdiction will be identified, including the question of whether retroactive decisions of labor tribunals can be used to obtain social security benefits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Quintero, Múnera Andrés, and Ibáñez María Alejandra Páez. "The Sanctioning Power of the Administration in the Public Procurement Scope: The Cases of Peru and Colombia." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118194.

Full text

Abstract:

Initially the exercise of sanctioning powers is contextualized in the field of government procurement in Colombia, regulatory and jurisprudential development of this power and the procedure envisaged by the legislature for the imposition of sanctions is exposed when a violation or breach of it becomes apparent the contractor’s obligations, specifying the scope and gaps that the process involves. Then the consecration of the sanctioning power of the administration is presented in the Peruvian law, marking the differences with the model adopted by the Colombian law, to conclude with some perspectives on the subject.
Inicialmente se contextualiza el ejercicio de la potestad sancionadora en el ámbito de la contratación estatal en Colombia. Se expone el desarrollo normativo y jurisprudencial de esta facultad y el procedimiento que ha previsto el legislador para la imposición de sanciones cuando se evidencie una infracción o incumplimiento de las obligaciones del contratista, precisándose el alcance y los vacíos que el procedimiento comporta. En seguida, se presenta la consagración de la potestad sancionadora de la administración en el derecho peruano, marcando las diferencias con el modelo adoptado por la legislación colombiana, para concluir con algunas perspectivas sobre el tema.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Mello, Helenória de Albuquerque. "O Trabalho Na Prisão: Um Estudo No Instituto De Reeducação Penal Desembargador Sílvio Porto em João Pessoa - PB." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7251.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:24:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3252704 bytes, checksum: 54468da5465a211d0412d8aed358726a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-15
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The emergence of prison considered as main penalty didn't happened to fulfill a humanitarian propose of replacement to old punishments, but rather, to discipline marginalize sectors of emerging capitalism, in the late 18th century and early 19th century, trying to turn the delinquent subjects into to docile subjects by submiting them to a dominant regime. Its function is to not only isolate the offender, but also to retrieve him. Prison labor is a way to introject the convicts a greater obedience to rules, fortifying the discipline in prisons. In this sense, the work as a way to recover the individual linked to the notion of discipline is in the origin of prison, main penalty. This research aims to analyse the work processes in the Penal Institute of Reeducation Judge Sílvio Porto, in João Pessoa, in the point of view of the convicts, in the perspective of understand the meaning of work in the prison to this social actors. The methodology used, of qualitative character, had as criterion the diverse processes of work implemented at the Institution, which are divided into three segments: services to support the Penal Institution, specialized services and production. From these, we assembled a set of forty-six inmates as research participants, divided into five discussion groups Meetings about Labor according to the activity that they performed, with three meetings for each group: 1st group, Balls Factory; 2nd group, kitchen, printer, cartridge recycling and confection of dental prostheses; 3rd group, cleaning and maintenance; 4th group, handicraft; 5th group, sewing balls in the cells. We also performed individual interviews with forty-six inmates, with the Director of Penal Institution, with the Manager of the Balls Factory and with the Judge of Penal Execution of the city of João Pessoa. The process of content of analysis elucidated seven categories: the work as a right; The processes of work, Organization of work process, Relations between convicts; The importance of work; Promotion of freedom and the relation: prison labor and future, composed by subcategories. The process of content analysis elucidated seven categories: Work as a right, work processes, organization of the work process, relations between the convicts; The importance of work, promotion of freedom and prison labor and Future Value, composed of subcategories. The results show that prison work is represented in a positive way, but also denounced, in the midst of this excitement, few job vacancies offered, the paltry wages, the constant lack of legal guarantees of remission of sentence, among other limitations. It is hoped that the results of this research will contribute in the formulation and implementation of social politics directed to the penitentiary system, specifically in what refers the prison labor, so that the interventions in this area occur in consonance to the knowledge produced by the target public of their actions.
O surgimento da prisão considerada como pena principal não aconteceu para cumprir um propósito humanitário de substituições às antigas punições, mas sim para disciplinar setores marginalizados do capitalismo emergente, no final do século XVIII e início do século XIX, tentando transformar os sujeitos delinquentes em sujeitos dóceis submetendo-os ao regime dominante. Sua função passa a ser não só isolar o infrator, mas também recuperá-lo. O trabalho prisional é um modo de introjetar nos apenados uma maior obediência às regras, fortalecendo a disciplina nas prisões. Nesse sentido, o trabalho como forma de recuperar o indivíduo vinculado à noção de disciplina está na origem da prisão, pena principal. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os processos de trabalho no Instituto de Reeducação Penal Desembargador Sílvio Porto, em João Pessoa, do ponto de vista dos apenados, na perspectiva de compreender o sentido do trabalho na prisão para esses atores sociais. A metodologia utilizada, de caráter qualitativo, teve como critério os diversos processos de trabalho implementados na Instituição, que se dividem em três segmentos: serviços de apoio à Instituição Penal, serviços especializados e produção. A partir desses, recortamos um conjunto de quarenta e seis apenados como participantes da pesquisa, distribuídos em cinco grupos de discussão Encontros sobre Trabalho de acordo com a atividade que executavam, com três encontros para cada grupo: 1º grupo, Fábrica de Bolas; 2º grupo, cozinha, gráfica, reciclagem de cartucho e confecção de prótese dentária; 3º grupo, limpeza e manutenção; 4º grupo, artesanato; 5º Grupo, costura de bolas nas celas. Realizamos ainda entrevistas individuais com quarenta e seis apenados, com o Diretor da Instituição Penal, com a Gerente da Fábrica de Bolas e com o Juiz de Execuções Penais do município de João Pessoa. O processo de análise de conteúdo elucidou sete categorias: O trabalho como um direito; Dos processos de trabalho, Organização do processo de trabalho; Relações entre os apenados; A importância do trabalho; Promoção de liberdade e Relação trabalho prisional e futuro, compostas por subcategorias. Os resultados mostram que o trabalho prisional é representado de forma positiva, mas denunciam também, em meio a essa exaltação, poucas vagas disponibilizadas para se trabalhar, os salários irrisórios, a constante falta de garantia legal da remição da pena, dentre outras limitações. Espera-se que os resultados dessa pesquisa contribuam na formulação e implementação de políticas sociais direcionadas ao sistema penitenciário, especificamente no que se refere ao trabalho prisional, para que as intervenções nessa área aconteçam em consonância com o saber produzido pelo público alvo de suas ações.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Souza, Vanessa Costa Neves de. "Em busca do convívio social: o regime semi-aberto no Instituto Penal Oscar Stevenson." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2386.

Full text

Abstract:

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central analisar o Sistema Penitenciário do Estado do Rio de Janeiro a partir do regime semi-aberto, tendo como campo de análise o Instituto Penal Oscar Stevenson, situado em Benfica, no município do Rio de Janeiro, voltado para um público carcerário feminino. Buscou-se verificar, sob o enfoque das presas, a expectativa e possibilidades de retorno ao convívio social; analisar os aspectos jurídico-institucionais referentes ao regime semi-aberto, no que tange a obtenção dos benefícios, junto a Lei de Execução Penal e identificar quais as parcerias que viabilizam a inserção delas no mercado de trabalho. Para a efetivação desse trabalho utilizou-se, preferencialmente os pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos da pesquisa quali-quantitativa, pois foi trabalhado não só no nível da objetividade, mas também no significado das ações e relações humanas, sabendo que a realidade prisional é perpassada por questões de cunho opressor, punitivo, em função de preconizar a segurança. Foram realizados também levantamentos de dados bibliográficos e censitários, bem como entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto aos agentes penitenciários do setor de educação e classificação e principalmente as presas. A análise do material coletado permitiu confirmar as hipóteses da pesquisa: i) que a ausência de oportunidades que garantam às presas os benefícios do regime semi-aberto não se dá por falta de instrumentos legais, mas sim pela burocracia no cadastramento e poucas parcerias de cursos profissionalizantes, empresas privadas que absorvam mão-de-obra das presas do regime semi-aberto; e ii) e que no momento em que as presas ainda estavam no regime fechado, não tiveram oportunidades de se capacitarem e também os vínculos familiares não foram mantidos, com isso dificultando que estas usufruam dos benefícios do regime semi-aberto. E, conseqüentemente, sendo cada vez mais adiado o seu retorno gradativo ao convívio social, através da progressão de regime.
The present work has as objective central office to analyze the Penitentiary System of the State of Rio De Janeiro from the half-open regimen, having as analysis field the Criminal Institute Oscar Stevenson, situated in Benfica, in the city of Rio De Janeiro, come back toward a feminine jail public. One searched to verify, under the approach of the canine tooth, the expectation and possibilities of return to the social conviviality; to analyze the referring legal-institutional aspects to the half-open regimen, in what it refers to the attainment of the benefits, next to Law of Criminal Execution and to identify to which the partnerships that make possible the insertion of them in the work market. For the efetivação of this work it was used, preferential the estimated theoreticians and methodological of the quail-quantitative research, therefore it was worked not alone in the level of the objectivity, but also in the meaning of the actions and relations human beings, knowing that the prison reality is purposed by questions of oppressing matrix, punitive, in function to praise the security. Bibliographical and tax data-collectings had also been carried through, as well as interviews half-structuralized next to the penitentiary agents of the sector of education and classification and mainly the canine tooth. The analysis of the collected material allowed to confirm the hypotheses of the research: i) that the absence of chances that guarantee to the canine tooth the benefits of the half-open regimen not if of the one due to legal instruments, but yes for the bureaucracy in the cadastre and few partnerships of professionalizing courses, private companies who absorb man power of the canine tooth of the half-open regimen; e II) and that at the moment where the canine tooth still was in the closed regimen, they had not had chances of if to enable and the familiar bonds had also not been kept, with this making it difficult that these usufruct of the benefits of the half-open regimen. E, consequently, being each time more postponed its gradual return to the social conviviality, through the regimen progression.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Procházka, Pavel. "Obchod a investice do nemovitostí postižených exekucí v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223672.

Full text

Abstract:

Tato diplomová práce analyzuje právní základy a užití občanského zákoníku, majetkových zákonů, občanského soudního řádu a exekuční řádu v obchodu s nemovitostmi. Skrze případové studie se snaží poukázat na kritická místa a proveditelnost jednotlivých investic do exekucí zasažených či jinak právně znehodnocených nemovitostí. Závěrečná část hledá standardizované postupy, které nachází optimální mix rizika a profitability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Hounsa, Mahougnon Prudence. "Les actes juridiques privés exécutoires : droit français/droit OHADA." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100196/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Les actes juridiques privés sont des titres exécutoires pour lesquels l’acte fondamental sur lequel est apposé la formule exécutoire est un acte juridique privé. C’est le cas des actes notariés, des accords homologués par un juge, des procès-verbaux de conciliation exécutoires, du procès-verbal de non-paiement d’un chèque impayé rendu exécutoire par l’huissier de justice. La loi Macron ajoute à cette famille de titre exécutoire les accords homologués par un huissier de justice pour les petites créances. La procédure d’établissement de ces titres exécutoires se déroule sans aucun contrôle juridictionnel. Dès lors, il est question de savoir si les conditions d’établissement et de mise en œuvre des actes juridiques privés exécutoires sont satisfaisantes au regard, d’une part des critères de définition et des effets du titre exécutoire et d’autre part de l’exigence du respect des droits fondamentaux aussi bien procéduraux que substantiels ? Si non, existe-t-il un remède légal et/ou jurisprudentiel à cette insuffisance ? Celui-ci le cas échéant, est-il satisfaisant ?
The private legal acts are writs of execution for which the fundamental act on which is affixed the enforceable formula is a private legal act. It is the case of notarial acts, agreements approved by a judge, enforceable reports(fines) of conciliation, by report(fine) of nonpayment of an unpaid check made enforceable by the bailiff. The law Macron adds to this family of writ of execution the agreements approved by a bailiff for the small claims(debts).The procedure of establishment of these writs of execution takes place without any jurisdictional control. From then on, it is about to know if the conditions of establishment and implementation of the enforceable private legal acts are satisfactory in the look, on one hand the criteria of definition and effects of the writ of execution and on the other hand the requirement of the respect for the fundamental rights so procedural as substantial? If not, there is a legal and/or case law remedy in this insufficiency? Is this one where necessary, satisfactory?

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Laher, Rudy. "Imperium et jurisdictio en droit judiciaire privé." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0042.

Full text

Abstract:

La distinction de l'imperium et de la jurisdictio est une des plus anciennes distinctions de la science juridique européenne. Entre les mains du souverain, la jurisdictio est le pouvoir de rendre la justice et l'imperium celui d'user de la force. Cette souplesse notionnelle permet à la distinction de structurer l'intégralité du droit judiciaire privé. Dans ce cadre, la jurisdictio se présente alors comme le pouvoir de réalisation formelle du Droit – le Droit est dit – alors que l'imperium vise sa réalisation matérielle – le Droit est fait –. Cette perspective fonctionnelle permet de recouvrir les différents pouvoirs des organes judiciaires, le juge, bien sûr, mais aussi l'arbitre, l'huissier de justice, le greffier, le notaire ou le commissaire-priseur judiciaire. Mais l'intérêt de la distinction ne s'arrête pas là. À l'échelle du jugement, d'abord, la jurisdictio se présente comme la source de l'autorité de la chose jugée ou de l'authenticité alors que l'imperium est à l'origine de sa force, obligatoire ou exécutoire. À l'échelle de l'office du juge, ensuite, le succès de la procédure de référé ou les transformations des contentieux familiaux et économiques se traduisent par un renforcement de l'imperium au détriment de la jurisdictio et par le glissement de la judicature vers la magistrature. À l'échelle de l'exécution forcée, enfin, le juge de l'exécution ou la procédure d'exequatur illustrent la nécessité d'un encadrement de l'imperium par la jurisdictio. Et c'est ainsi, par un jeu dialectique permanent entre intelligence et volonté, entre autorité et contrainte, bref, entre jurisdictio et imperium, que le droit processuel garantit au droit substantiel sa sanction et son triomphe
The distinction between imperium and jurisdictio is one of the most ancient distinctions in European juridical science. In the hands of the sovereign, jurisdictio is the power to dispense justice, and imperium is the power to use force. This notional flexibility enables the distinction to structure the whole private judicial law. In this specific frame, jurisdictio is the power to formalize law – law is pronounced – while imperium aims at its concrete realization – law is materialized. This functional perspective can include all the powers of the judge, and also the powers of the arbitrator, the bailiff, the court clerk, the notary or the judicial auctioneer. But this is not the only interest of the distinction. Firstly, when it comes to the judgment, jurisdictio is the source of the authority of res judicata, or of the authenticity, while imperium is the origin of its force, whether in the binding force or the enforceability. Then, concerning the function of the judge, we can see that the success of the summary procedures, or the transformations of family and commercial litigations, present as a reinforcement of imperium at the cost of jurisidictio, and as a shift from judicature to magistrature. Finally, when it comes to the enforcement, the judge of execution or the procedure of exequatur show the necessity to supervise imperium with jurisdictio. Thus, through a constant interaction between intelligence and willpower, between authority and coercion, that is, in short, between jurisdictio and imperium, the procedural law guarantees the triumph of substantive law

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Sampaio, André Rocha. "Penas privativas de dignidade? : a função da pena pela teoria dos sistemas autopoiéticos." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2009. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/762.

Full text

Abstract:

The Federal Constitution of 1988 has brought deep changes in the Brazilian juridical system, among them, we can emphasize the appearance of the value dignity of the human person as a fundament of the Democratic State of Law. Taking in account that almost the entire juridical rules of penal execution dates back of a moment before the promulgation of the new Constitution, it became important to analyze all the penitentiary system on the perspective of the human dignity. With the proposal of minimize ideological influences and use an analyses different from the Cartesian analyses, we used the approach of the autopoietic systems theory of Niklas Luhmann, having as a goal to demonstrate clearly the salient aspects that differs what the juridical system disposes from what is empirically noticed in the Brazilian penitentiary system.
A Constituição Federal de 1988 trouxe profundas alterações no sistema jurídico brasileiro, dentre elas o advento do axioma dignidade da pessoa humana como fundamento do Estado Democrático de Direito. Levando-se em consideração que quase todo regramento jurídico acerca da execução penal data de época anterior à promulgação da nova Carta Constitucional, revelou-se importante uma análise de todo o sistema penitenciário sob a ótica da dignidade humana. Com o propósito de minimizar influências ideológicas e nos utilizar de uma análise diversa da cartesiana, abordamos por meio da teoria dos sistemas autopoiéticos de Niklas Luhmann, objetivando demonstrar claramente os aspectos destoantes entre o que o sistema jurídico dispõe e o que se constata empiricamente no sistema prisional brasileiro.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Negrato, Gustavo Scudeler. "Alienação fiduciária em garantia de bem imóvel: uma análise comparada." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8967.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Scudeler Negrato.pdf: 480261 bytes, checksum: 598474fdb76a08ad5f74d626d157ba4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-18
After twelve years since the approval of the Law of Real Estate Financing System (9,514/97) many controversial issues remain, either in doctrine or in case law, regarding the contractual form that established the new in rem guarantee right, extending the fiduciary property to real estates. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the main aspects of the fiduciary assignment for the guarantee of real estates, in order to improve the understanding of the concept of such institute. The prospect adopted is the comparative law, analyzing the origin of fiduciary business by means of the fiducia of Roman law, the pledge of Germanic law, the trust of Anglo-Saxon law, the use of atypical fiduciary business in modern law by countries with Roman tradition and, finally, the institute as regulated in Brazilian law. The main conclusions appoint the unique character of the fiduciary assignment adopted by the Brazilian legislation, despite the undeniable influence of foreign law, indicating the solution for controversial questions regarding the institute, its finalities and consequences. It concludes for the constitutionality of the procedure for extrajudicial execution established by the law under discussion, its compability with standards of the Code of Consumer Protection, and the impossibility of determining the civil prision of fiduciant, because of the recent case-law in the Supreme Court Federal and Superior Court of Justice
Decorridos doze anos da aprovação da Lei do Sistema Financeiro Imobiliário (9.514/97) ainda há muitas controvérsias, tanto na doutrina como na jurisprudência, sobre a modalidade contratual instituidora do novo direito real de garantia, estendendo a propriedade fiduciária aos bens imóveis. Este trabalho pretende examinar os principais aspectos da alienação fiduciária em garantia de bem imóvel, com o objetivo de melhor compreender o conceito desse instituto. A perspectiva adotada é a do direito comparado, analisando-se a origem dos negócios fiduciários através da fidúcia do direito romano, do penhor do direito germânico, do trust no direito anglo-saxônico, da utilização de negócios fiduciários atípicos no direito moderno pelos países de tradição romanista e, por fim, o instituto positivado no direito brasileiro. As principais conclusões apontam para o caráter singular da alienação fiduciária adotada pela legislação brasileira, apesar das inegáveis influências do direito estrangeiro, indicando-se a solução para as questões controvertidas de maior relevância envolvendo o instituto, suas finalidades e consequências. Conclui-se pela constitucionalidade do procedimento de execução extrajudicial previsto na legislação em comento, sua compatibilidade com normas do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, e pela impossibilidade de se determinar a prisão civil do fiduciante, em razão da recente jurisprudência pacificada no âmbito do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Saleh, Nehad. "En studie av hur entreprenadsumman i ett betongbroprojekt påverkas av ÄTA – arbeten och avvikelse : En fallstudie av 4 broprojekt utförda av Veidekke Entreprenad AB Anläggning Sydväst." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23404.

Full text

Abstract:

Anläggningsprojekt är idag allt fler på grund av att den infrastruktur som byggdes på mitten på 1900-talet inte längre uppfyller dagens ställda krav. I takt med att större entreprenader utförs idag, krävs även större resurser och bättre samspel mellan beställare och entreprenörer. Entreprenadsumman för ett betongbroprojekt är väldigt stark förknippat med mängden ÄTA–arbeten och avvikelser. ÄTA–arbeten kan gå i olika riktningar, till exempel från underentreprenör mot beställare och tvärtom. I denna studie ligger fokus på entreprenörens ÄTA–arbeten gentemot beställaren och avvikelser som uppstår i produktionen. Syftet med studien är att identifiera de vanligaste ÄTA–arbeten och avvikelser som förekommer i olika betongbroprojekt för att undersöka hur dessa påverkar entreprenadsumman samt hur de i framtiden skall hanteras av entreprenören så att de inte upprepas i kommande projekt. Till en början har en litteraturstudie gjorts för att öka kunskapen kring ämnet. Därefterhar en fallstudie utförts av fyra tidigare betongbroprojekt. Den centrala delen av fallstudien har varit en kvalitativ undersökning, med intervjuer samt en enkätundersökning. Det har hållits 10 intervjuer med olika platschefer, en jurist och en arbetschef, samtidigt har 55 tjänstemän från fallföretaget deltagit i enkätundersökningen. I den kvantitativa delen har en sammanställning gjorts av samtliga ÄTA–arbeten och avvikelser som uppstått i de betongbroprojekt som studerats. Därefter har de ÄTA–arbeten och avvikelser som upprepats i dessa betongbroprojekt identifierats. Studien visar att ÄTA–arbeten oftast uppstår på grund av brister i beställarens förfrågningsunderlag. Geotekniska undersökningar och tekniska lösningar föreskrivna av beställaren är det som vanligen föranleder ÄTA–arbeten. Även entreprenadformen är avgörande för mängd och typ av ÄTA–arbeten. I en utförandentreprenad är det mycket mer likställda ÄTA–arbeten och när det gäller en totalentreprenad är de vanligaste ÄTA–arbetena föreskrivna tilläggs- och ändringsarbeten. Det är sällan lönsamt med många ÄTA–arbeten i betongbroprojekten, däremot ökar det projektensomsättning vilket får ses som positiv. Avvikelser förekommer oftast på grund av dålig planering och kommunikation. Bristfälliga arbetsberedningar och missade kontroller är andra orsaker till att avvikelser förekommer. Det är oftast entreprenörens eget fel attdet uppstår avvikelser. Avvikelserna har då alltid en negativ inverkan på projektetsslutkostnad i och med att kostnaden inte läggs på entreprenadsumman, det vill säga att entreprenören avhjälper avvikelser på egen bekostnad. De vanligaste ÄTA–arbetena förekommer kring brokonstruktionens grundläggning,oftast på grund av att de geotekniska undersökningar som gjorts, har gjorts fel eller inte i tillräcklig omfattning. När det kommer till avvikelser är de vanligast i samband med armeringsarbeten och betonggjutningar. Dyrare avvikelser förekommer men inte i någon större utsträckning. Genom att lägga mer fokus på planering, kommunikation, involvering och upprätta bättre arbetsberedningar kan negativa effekter på entreprenadsumman på grund av ÄTA–arbeten och avvikelser undvikas.
Various plant projects are today more common because the infrastructure built in themid-1900s no longer meet today's set requirements. As major contracts are carried out today, greater resources and better interaction between client and contractor are also required. The contract sum for various concrete bridge projects is very strongly associated with the amount of contract changes and deviations. Contract changes can go between different entrepreneurs for example from a subcontractor against the clientand vice versa. In this study the focus is on contract changes from the main entrepreneur towards the client and deviations that occurs in the production. The purpose of the study is to identify the most common contract changes and deviations that occur in different concrete bridge projects to investigate how these affect the contract sum and how they should be handled by the entrepreneur in the future so that they are not repeated in upcoming projects. Initially a literature study has been done to increase knowledge about the subject. Then a case study has been carried out on four previous concrete bridge projects. The central part of the case study has been a qualitative investigation, where interviews have been held and a survey has been conducted. There have been 10 interviews with various site managers, a lawyer, and a supervisor, while 55 officials from the case company have participated in the survey. In the quantitative part, a compilation of contract changes and deviations that has occurred in the concrete bridge projects that was studied has been done. Then the contract changes and deviations that was repeated in all the studied concrete bridge projects has been identified. The study shows that contract changes occur most often because of deficiencies in the clients request documents. Geotechnical investigations and technical solutions prescribed by the client are what usually prompt contract changes. The contract form is also crucial for the amount and type of contract changes. In a contract that is based on AB 04 it is much more preserved contract changes and when it comes to a general contract based on ABT 06, the most common contract changes are prescribed alterations and additional works. It is rarely profitable with many contract changes in concrete bridge projects, yet it increases the revenue of the projects, which may be positive. Deviations occur most often due to poor planning and communication. Inadequate work preparations and missed controls are other reasons for the presence of deviations. It is usually the entrepreneur’s fault that there are a lot of deviations. Deviations always has a negative effect on the project’s final cost since the cost for it is not added to the contract sum, which means that the entrepreneur remedies deviations at their own expense. The most common contract changes occur around the groundwork of the bridge construction, usually because the geotechnical investigations carried out by the client, have been done wrong or not enough. When it comes to deviations the most common are in connection with reinforcement work and concrete castings. More expensive deviations occur but not to a greater extent. By focusing more on planning, communication, involvement and establishing better work preparations, negative effects on the contract sum due to contract changes and deviations can be avoided.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Nemoz-Rajot, Quentin. "Les interventions judiciaires spécifiques au droit des sociétés in bonis." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30062.

Full text

Abstract:

Les juges sont devenus des acteurs omniprésents au sein des sociétés. Garants de l’application du droit, leurs nombreuses interventions contribuent au bon fonctionnement des sociétés. L’étude des interventions judiciaires spécifiques au droit des sociétés in bonis permet de souligner le rôle majeur désormais tenu par les juges. L’analyse des pouvoirs judiciaires de régulation de la vie sociétaire et de sanction des obligations civiles en droit des sociétés met en évidence l’impact des interventions judiciaires sur le fonctionnement des sociétés. Il existe de nombreuses procédures spécifiques au droit des sociétés, mais la richesse des solutions et des innovations jurisprudentielles caractérise également le recours nécessaire au droit civil et au droit processuel afin de répondre aux exigences de l’environnement sociétaire. Fort de ce constat, différentes pistes peuvent être proposées dans le but de renforcer l’efficacité et l’utilité de ces interventions judiciaires qui permettent de garantir l’efficience et l’attractivité du droit des sociétés français
Judges have become ubiquitous stakeholders within companies. As guardians of law, they play a real role in the well being of companies. The study of legal interventions, specific to corporate law, applied to “in bonis” companies clearly highlights the major role played by judges today. Analysis of the judiciary powers regulating companies lives and of the sanctions surrounding liabilities in corporate law puts emphasis on the impact of judicial involvement on company functioning. Many specific corporate law proceedings exist, however, the rich range in solutions and case-law innovations accentuates the need to resort to civil and procedural law in response to the business world’s requirements and expectations. With this in mind, different lines of action are imaginable in the hope to reinforce the usefulness and relevance of judicial involvement that guarantee the efficiency and attractive nature of French corporate law

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Savazzoni, Simone de Alcantara. "Contrastes entre o regime prisional legal e a realidade do sistema carcerário no estado de São Paulo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5495.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone de Alcantara Savazzoni.pdf: 14619155 bytes, checksum: b91f710ffb56154324bd4c31d0126913 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-20
This study aims in determining the applicability of the rules contained in the Penal Execution Law (PEL) and the reflections about the prison system in the State of São Paulo. To do so, it is used a historical retrospective of the penalty and imprisonment, and it´s purposes. Regarding such work it is analyzed the main rules contained in the PEL and also the care about the rights guaranteed to prisoners. And from this digress, it is presented the human dignity as the foundation of a democratic state of law showing up, its reasons, its proper compliances with the sentence. However, the main goal of this study is to know, through a field research, the reality of the prison in the State of São Paulo and comparing it with the legal provisions, identifying the factors that emcumber the social reintegration of prisoners. It is proved that, during the fulfillment of the sentence there is no work towards increasing schooling level, job training neither strengthening of the inmate as a person and citizen, which highlights the contrast between the legal system and prison reality. Given such finding, it is argued that the challenges of reintegration must be faced by society, through Community Councils, which is necessary to intervene and to joint forces in the organization, by offering opportunities for the action and participation of the inmates to improve their conditions regarding labor market and thus achieve the necessary and much-desired social reintegration
O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar a aplicabilidade das regras contidas na Lei de Execução Penal (LEP) e os reflexos no sistema carcerário do Estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, apresenta-se a dignidade da pessoa humana como fundamento do Estado Democrático de Direito demonstrando-se, fundamentadamente, a sua necessária observância no cumprimento da pena. Utiliza-se também de uma retrospectiva histórica da pena e da prisão, e suas finalidades. No cerne do trabalho são analisadas as principais regras contidas na LEP acerca da assistência e direitos assegurados aos presos. Contudo, a meta principal deste estudo é conhecer, através de pesquisa de campo, a realidade das prisões no Estado de São Paulo e confrontando-a com as previsões legais, identificar os fatores que dificultam a reintegração social dos presos. Verifica-se que durante o cumprimento da pena não há qualquer trabalho voltado para elevação da escolaridade, profissionalização e fortalecimento do apenado enquanto pessoa e cidadão, o que evidencia o contraste entre o sistema legal e a realidade carcerária. Diante desta constatação defende-se que os desafios da reintegração social precisam ser enfrentados pela sociedade, por meio dos Conselhos da Comunidade, que devem intervir e articular forças na organização, construindo espaços para a ação e participação do apenado no sentido de melhorar as suas condições para o mercado de trabalho e, assim, alcançar a necessária e tão almejada reintegração social

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Kalousios, Ioannis D. "Alexis le Stoudite, patriarche de Constantinople (1025-1043)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAK007.

Full text

Abstract:

Le patriarche Alexis (1025-1043), une des plus remarquables personnalités ecclésiastiques du XIe siècle à Byzance, a joué un rôle déterminant dans les affaires tant politiques qu’ecclésiastiques. Une situation complexe a émergé après la mort du puissant empereur Basile II en 1025 et c’est dans ce contexte que les Actes d’Alexis, traduits et commentés, traitent de diverses questions canoniques (hérésies et questions matrimoniales, avec les peines imposées mais aussi impôts ecclésiastiques et affaires monastiques). En abordant ces différents domaines ou plus encore diverses attitudes d'opposition au pouvoir impérial, le patriarche Alexis se trouve au cœur des relations entre l’Église et l’empereur. Les relations avec les autres Églises constituent également une des préoccupations d’Alexis. Son œuvre, contribuant à la préservation de la foi correcte, a été suivie par les patriarches suivants
Patriarch Alexis (1025-1043), one of the most remarkable ecclesiastical personalities of the 11th century in Byzantium, played a decisive role in both political and ecclesiastical affairs. A complex situation emerged after the death of the mighty emperor Basil II in 1025 and it is in this context that the Acts of Alexis, translated and commented, address various canonical questions (heresies and matrimonial issues, with the penalties imposed but also taxes ecclesiastics and monastic affairs). By addressing these different areas or even more different attitudes of opposition to the imperial power, the patriarch Alexis is at the heart of the relationship between the Church and the emperor. Relationships with other Churches are also a concern of Alexis. His work, contributing to the preservation of the correct faith, was followed by the following patriarchs

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Mastná, Markéta. "CHUDOBA A PŘEDLUŽENOST ČESKÝCH DOMÁCNOSTÍ." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76219.

Full text

Abstract:

The diploma work deals with the problem of poverty following from overdebtedness of Czech households. Poverty is defined as a strong social handicap leading up to a social exclusion. Overdebtedness means such a financial situation when households are not able to fulfill their financial obligations and thus it concerns especially households with low incomes. In the Czech Republic this fact has been distinguished since the year 2000. The topic of the diploma work points at the development of overdebtedness of Czech households and its evaluation, the size of this problem and the estimation of its further development. It analyses the threat to households leading to a debt trap. It deals with economic impact of state debtedness in connection with that of Czech households. Some attention is paid to the increasing unemployment as one of the strongest causes leading to a state of poverty and consequently to undesirable debtedness showing the evident link between unemployment and overdebtedness. At the same time, the emphasis is put onto individual responsibility and lifelong education as the prevention and solution to unemployment and doubtedness. The phenomenon of overdebtedness of Czech households is understood as a warning signal of the present.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Trouzine, Belkacem. "Unification européenne des règles de conflits de juridictions et exequatur des décisions des états tiers : L'exemple des décisions sud-méditerranéennes." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40028.

Full text

Abstract:

Le prolongement du processus de communautarisation va certes avoir des conséquences sur le plan extérieur de l'Union européenne. La reconnaissance des décisions tierces par le juge français sera désormais influencée par l’application des principes et valeurs européens. La présente étude mettra l'accent sur le sort des conditions exigées, en France, pour les décisions tierces. Le rôle du juge d'exéquatur sera déterminant pour illustrer la transition de la pratique juridictionnelle. En effet, c'est le pouvoir de celui-ci qui va déterminer le sort de cette pratique envers les décisions émanant des États tiers. Outre les conventions élaborées dans le cadre européen, la convention de Bruxelles du 27 septembre de 1968 et le règlement européen n° 44/2001, ainsi que le règlement Bruxelles II, Bruxelles II bis et les accords de partenariat, ne seront pas à l'abri de notre recherche. Autrement dit, nous voulons mesurer le développement du droit international privé européen, notamment en termes d'entraide judiciaire, sur le plan extérieur. Le but est de donner au droit européen une dimension universelle
The extension process of communitarisation will certainly have implications outside the European Union. Recognition of third decisions by the French judge will now be influenced by the application of European principles and values. This study will focus on the fate of the conditions required in France for the third decisions. The role of the judge will determine exequatur to illustrate the transition from legal practice. Indeed, it is the power of it will determine the fate of this practice to decisions from other States. In addition to the conventions developed in the European context, the Brussels Convention of 27 September 1968 and this Regulation No. 44/2001 (also Brussels II and Brussels II bis) and the partnership agreements, will not be immune to our research. In other words, we want to measure the development of European private international law, particularly in terms of mutual legal assistance on the outside. The goal is to give the European international private law a universal dimension

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Diop, Mamadou Falilou. "Essai de construction de poursuites d’auteurs de crimes internationaux à travers les mécanismes nationaux et régionaux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1066.

Full text

Abstract:

Les crimes internationaux constituent des infractions dont les conséquences dramatiques affectent la communauté internationale dans son ensemble. Cette dernière s'est engagée dans la poursuite d'auteurs présumés de ces crimes à travers les différents mécanismes juridiques mis en place par la justice pénale internationale. Il incombe essentiellement aux États d'assurer l'effectivité de cette justice. Ainsi, quand des auteurs présumés de crimes internationaux se trouvent sur le territoire ou dans la juridiction d'un État, ce dernier est tenu de les poursuivre ou de les extrader vers d'autres États ou juridictions pénales internationales lorsque cela est nécessaire. Depuis la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, certains États mettent en application ces obligations en engageant des poursuites à l'encontre de criminels internationaux. La répression nationale des crimes internationaux se heurte à de nombreuses difficultés afférentes, le plus souvent, au manque de moyens ou de volonté, à l'inadéquation de certains systèmes juridiques nationaux, à la realpolitik (de l'allemand politique réaliste), à la nécessité de préserver les relations interétatiques, etc. Par ailleurs, il n'existe pas encore d'instance supranationale capable de contraindre les États à respecter leurs obligations internationales de répression des crimes internationaux. Par conséquent, l'idée de l'implication des cours régionales des droits de l'Homme dans la répression nationale des crimes internationaux s'impose davantage eu égard aux exigences internationales de répression des crimes internationaux qu'elles rappellent constamment aux États
International crimes constitute offences whose dramatic consequences affect the international community as a whole. This international community has committed itself to prosecute alleged perpetrators of these crimes through various legal mechanisms created by international criminal justice. The States are primarily responsible for ensuring the effective implementation of international criminal law. Consequently, when alleged perpetrators of international crimes are on the territory or under the jurisdiction of a given State, national authorities must prosecute them in their own national courts or extradite them to others States or international criminal courts when necessary. Since the Second World War, some States implement these international obligations by prosecuting international criminals. The national prosecution of international crimes faces many barriers related most of the time to a lack of financial resources or political will. This can also result from the inadequacy of some national legal systems, realpolitik, the need to safeguard inter-state relations... In addition to this, a supranational body compelling States to respect their international obligations to prosecute international crimes has not yet been created. Therefore, the legal involvement of regional human rights courts in the implementation of national prosecution of international crimes is necessary. This is the consequence of international requirements related to the pursuit of international criminals reminding the States of their legal duties

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Fipa, Nguepjo Jacques. "Le rôle des juridictions supranationales de la CEMAC et de l'OHADA dans l'intégration des droits communautaires par les Etats membres." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020030/document.

Full text

Abstract:

La Cour de Justice Communautaire (CJC), la Cour des Comptes Communautaire (CCC) et la Cour Commune de Justice et d’Arbitrage (CCJA) sont les trois juridictions supranationales créées respectivement par les traités de la CEMAC et de l’OHADA pour renforcer les nouveaux processus d’intégration économique et juridique des Etats membres. Dans la mesure où ces juridictions exercent un contrôle juridictionnel déterminant de la norme communautaire, le premier contrôle étant effectué par les juridictions nationales des Etats parties, la conception, l’organisation, le fonctionnement, les caractéristiques, les rôles ou compétences de ces juridictions nouvelles ainsi que la destinée des décisions qu’elles rendent dans leurs fonctions strictement judiciaires ou dans celles accessoires d’appui à la procédure arbitrale, présentent un intérêt digne d’une recherche doctorale. S’il est apparu que des jalons supplémentaires d’efficacité des nouveaux processus d’intégration ont été plantés par la création desdites juridictions, il a également été constaté que des pesanteurs d’ordre juridictionnel, structurel ou fonctionnel continuent d’en retarder la vitesse de croisière. Les solutions que nous avons proposées pour surmonter ces difficultés se regroupent en une réorganisation des juridictions communautaires, une répartition claire des compétences entre elles, un renforcement de la procédure de contrôle du droit communautaire, une vulgarisation permanente du droit de l’intégration, une revalorisation des titres exécutoires, une clarification des fonctions du juge d’exécution, une restriction du domaine de l’immunité d’exécution, un réaménagement des procédures de recouvrement, une formation continue des acteurs de la justice, une amélioration de leur condition de travail et de vie, une résurgence de l’éthique morale, une réelle indépendance de la justice… C’est dire que l’étude met un accent sur les obstacles qui entravent les nouveaux processus d’intégration et propose des solutions pour parfaire les textes législatifs et leurs interprétations jurisprudentielles, dans la perspective d’accélérer le développement économique des Etats concernés en particulier, pour une meilleure prospérité globale des économies mondiales
The Communautary Court of Justice (CCJ), the Communautary Court of Account (CCA) and the Common Court of Justice and Arbitration (CCJA) are the three supranational jurisdictions respectively created by EMCAC and OHBLA treaties to reinforce the new processes of economical and judicial integration for their member States. In the measure where these jurisdictions are competent to exercise a juridictional control, by determining the communautary norms, the first control being carried out by the national juridictions, the conception, the organisation, the functioning, the characteristics, the roles or competences of these new jurisdictions and also the destiny of the decisions they rend in their strictly judiciary functions or in their accessory functions of supporting the arbitral procedure, present an interest worthy of a doctorate research. If it appears that the supplementary Milestones of efficiency of the new processes of integration had been installed by the creation of the said jurisdictions, it had also been observed that the gravities of jurisdictional, structural or functional order continue to delay the speed of cruise. The solutions that we have proposed to overcome these difficulties involves the reorganization of communautary jurisdictions, the clearly distribution of competences between them, the reinforcement of the communautarian law control procedure, a permanent vulgarisation of integration law, a revalorisation of executary titles, a clarification of immunity of execution domain, a development of the recovery procedures, a continual training of judicial actors, and improvement of their working and living conditions, a resurgence of moral ethic, a real independence of the Justice… This means that the study put a stress on the obstacles which hold up the new processes of integration and propose solutions to perfect the legislative texts and their jurisprudential interpretations, in the perspective of accelerating the economic development of the concerned States, for the best global prosperity of the world’s economies

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

David, Jules. "Le rapport de concrétisation entre actes juridiques : étude de droit public." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0187.

Full text

Abstract:

Omniprésente dans le discours juridique, la question de « l’application » ou de la« concrétisation » du droit n’est que rarement considérée comme un objet d’étude à partentière. C’est pourtant peu dire qu’elle recouvre un phénomène multiforme, sinon confus.Cette thèse vise à l’étudier en lui-même et pour lui-même, du point de vue du rapport deconcrétisation entre actes juridiques. Mais, tout en s’inscrivant dans son sillage, l’étudeentendra dépasser la représentation classique de ce rapport livrée par l’École normativiste, àtravers la célèbre théorie de la formation du droit par degrés et de la concrétisationcroissante des normes. Elle se propose de démontrer que le rapport de concrétisation entreactes juridiques, loin de la banalité à laquelle il est généralement associé, relève en réalitéd’une opération juridique bien plus complexe qu’il n’y parait. Cela se vérifie d’abord parl’identification de ce rapport : en soi, concrétiser un acte juridique ne signifie rien pour unautre acte juridique. Tout dépend du point de vue à partir duquel le problème est envisagé.Sous un angle conceptuel, il existe en effet plusieurs figures du rapport de concrétisationentre actes juridiques, tandis qu’appréhendé par le juge, ce même rapport fait l’objet d’untraitement contentieux. Cela se vérifie ensuite par l’analyse de la pratique du rapport deconcrétisation par les acteurs juridiques. Non seulement celle-ci n’a rien de neutre, mais elles’avère pour le moins déstabilisatrice, si ce n’est subversive, à l’égard de la hiérarchie desnormes et des organes. Alors même que sa raison d’être est de rendre compte de larationalité globale de notre système juridique, le rapport de concrétisation entre actesjuridiques aboutit ainsi à la mettre en cause
Omnipresent in legal discourse, the issue of “application” or “concretization” of law is rarelyseen as an object of study in itself. Yet it is an understatement to say that it covers amultifaceted phenomenon, if not a confused one. This thesis aims to study it in itself and foritself, from the perspective of the relationship of concretization between legal acts. But, whileremaining in its wake, the study will go beyond the classic representation of this relationshipdelivered by the Normativist school, through the famous theory of the gradual construction ofthe law and the increasing realization of norms. It aims to demonstrate that the relationship ofconcretization between legal acts, far from the banality to which it is usually associated, isreally one of a much more complex legal transaction than it looks. This checks out first by theidentification of this relationship : in itself, concretizing a legal act means nothing to anotherlegal act. It all depends on the perspective from which the problem is considered. Under aconceptual perspective, indeed there are several cases in the relationship between legalacts. Examined by the judge, this same relationship is the subject of a contentious treatment.Subsequently it is confirmed by analysis of concretizational practice between the relationshipof legal representatives. Not only is the latter nothing neutral, but it proves to be at leastdisruptive, if not subversive, with regard to the hierarchy of norms and organs. Even thoughits purpose is to report on the overall rationality of our legal system, the relationship ofconcretization between legal acts puts it into question

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

HUANG, YU-TING, and 黃于庭. "The Study on the Administrative Execution Continuously Punishment in the Field of Environmental Law." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z6vm4b.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
中國文化大學
法律學系
105
The continuous punishment system is frequently applied in the field of administrative regulation of environment and its nature of the laws recognized ambiguously and many issues , such as the application of the No Double Jeopardy Principle, or to recognize the numbers of the actionthereby resulted. Opinions of legal scholars and practitioners differ in the foregoing issues. Therefore, the article intends to research whether the continuous punishment’s nature of the laws belongs to fines or default surcharges , or both. In addition, its nature of the liability belongs to the behavior liability or the state liability. After recognizing the nature of the laws in the field of environmental law, this article is aim to clarify the sanction procedure and the execution that should be followed in the continuous punishment system by commenting on judgments. Finally, this article will intend to submit views with respect to these foregoing issues and propose suggestions on relative law making.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Shiou, Pi-Long, and 修丕龍. "The research of National Compulsory Execution Law." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28635436923740348274.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
海洋法律研究所
97
Abstract Since year 2009, the world is facing a fierce financial crisis. None of any finance systems or enterprises could escape from the financial crisis. The global economy is therefore sliding down rapidly as well as the unemployment rate escalating to reach its record high. There is no exception in Taiwan. The national economy has declined to show the blue signal, at the same time, it was the second time of changing the ruling party in Taiwan. While all of the foundation needed to be established, however, the rate of unemployment reached to its record high, also, the shrinkage of Individuals’ wealth can be seen on the went down of GDP, the reduced value of the properties people have, such as their real estates, stock shares. Many financial systems are affected by the mentioned condition and therefore forced to tighten the availability of money. Under this circumstance, the unpaid debts at banks and covert money dealers caused by the general individuals are increased. It seemed very difficult for creditors to solve the problem. In order to fulfill creditors’ right and reduce their loss, the only way is to request the legal auctions held by courthouses to auction the debtors’ properties. However, the condition has also caused the result of the sharp increase on the auction cases of Foreclosed houses in the end. It is an interesting contrast that while the national economy is slowing down but the cases of Foreclosed house auction is escalating high. How to satisfy creditors’ right ? The only way to do is that to let authorities decide the rights between individuals ( in reality ,confirmed litigation ) , and then to fulfill the desire of creditors’ right ( in procedure, forcing implementation ), to request the nation to complete the atisfaction of creditors’ right. The standard which to fulfill the satisfaction of the rights between individuals is the code of laws of implementation that was established for the nation – The Compulsory Execution Law. Regarding the Compulsory Execution Law, it varies from countries to countries. For instance, it is included in The Code of Civil Procedure in the Nations like Germany, France, Italy, and Mainland China, however, it is an individual implementation code of laws, as the Compulsory Execution Law in our country , Belgium, Austria, and Japan. It is a procedure of completing individuals’ right. It is the action that the National administration on behalf of implementation, using the national power of force to force debtors completing their obiligation in order to accomplish creditors’ right at the same time. The kind of system and function is the Compulsory Execution Law. The thesis aims on the discussion of how do our national courthouses handle the cases of the Compulsory Execution Law. To discuss and analyse it academically and systematicly based on the possible difficulties occurred when proceeding the procedure of the “ handing over “ of Foreclosed houses on actual status. According to the procedure of forcing executing auction, the possibility of handing over the auctioned target would determinate the price of auctioned target. If the Highest bidder couldn’t own the target through the executing of official power by courthouse immediately, it is easy to foresee that the possible future litigation occurred and may cause the waste of time, manpower, and expenses. The Highest bidder will probably hesitate on whether to purchase the Foreclosed houses or not. It will turn out an awkward situation that not only the creditors’ right cannot be fulfilled but also the debtors cannot be paid. The perfect “ handing over system” should firstly to maintain, strengthen and reduce the delay on lawsuit of litigants. Secondly, to realize and protect the litigants’ right rapidly. Thirdly, to secure the position of vendees, as well as to prevent the intervention from the illegal third party ( e.g. : Sea slater or gangsters ). Moreover, it should have the function of maintaining the reasonable law and order on auction price level for immovable (real estate) and movable properties. Also, to sustain our social security, and prospers our national economy. Therefore, the thesis tries to discuss both on the technical and practical issues when executing the hang over system of courthouse may meet in practice and in theory, by referring to the examples from other nations and then work out with some solutions which might be useful and can be taken as a reference for the modification or establishment of law in the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Law of the execution of the punishments'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles