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Journal articles on the topic 'Law Society of British Columbia'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Brockman, Joan. "“Resistance by the Club” to the Feminization of the Legal Profession." Canadian journal of law and society 7, no. 2 (1992): 47–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100002337.

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AbstractThis paper examines the growth in numbers of lawyers in Canada and British Columbia, and the attrition rates of members from the Law Society of British Columbia. It then reports on the results of a survey of former members of the Law Society of British Columbia which examines the reasons why these former members did not renew their memberships in the Law Society, their perceptions of gender bias in the legal profession in British Columbia, their suggestions for improving the legal profession, and some of the implications of such recommendations.

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2

Buckley, Melina. "Reference re: Andrews v Law Society of British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Women and the Law 30, no. 2 (August 2018): 197–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjwl.30.2.01.

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3

Bussey, Barry W. "Law Society of British Columbia v Trinity Western University." Oxford Journal of Law and Religion 7, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 572–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rwy049.

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4

Bussey, Barry W. "Trinity Western University v The Law Society of British Columbia." Oxford Journal of Law and Religion 5, no. 2 (May 26, 2016): 372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojlr/rww017.

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5

Peach, Ian. "“This Charter applies…”: The Supreme Court of Canada’s Fundamental Error in the Trinity Western University decisions." Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel 30, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21991/cf29415.

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I. IntroductionThere has been an ongoing battle between Trinity Western University and the Federation of Law Societies of Canada — the national organization of the law societies that govern the legal profession in Canada — over whether Canada’s law societies will recognize JDs from the law faculty that Trinity Western wishes to establish. At the heart of this controversy is the fact that Trinity Western University, as an avowedly Christian, and some might say conservative, university, requires all of its faculty, staff, and students to sign a Community Covenant. Among other things, this Community Covenant prohibits “sexual intimacy that violates the sacredness of marriage between a man and a woman.”1 A student’s failure to comply with the Covenant could result in disciplinary measures, including suspension and possibly expulsion.2 Several law societies, including the Law Society of British Columbia and the (as it was then known) Law Society of Upper Canada, denied accreditation to Trinity Western’s proposed law faculty because of this Community Covenant...

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6

Brockman, Joan, and Colin McEwen. "Self-Regulation in the Legal Profession: Funnel In, Funnel Out, or Funnel Away?." Canadian journal of law and society 5 (1990): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100001708.

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AbstractSelf-regulation in the legal profession has recently, as it has on previous occasions, come under a barrage of criticism. This paper examines a narrow aspect of self-regulation, the processing of complaints through to dispositions within the disciplinary system of the Law Society of British Columbia between 1978-1988. Statistics and case reports of the Law Society are used to examine the disciplining of lawyers in light of a model which encompasses the benefits of self-regulation (funnel in) and criticism of it (funnel out and funnel away). While suggestions are made for improving the present system there is some question as to whether self-regulation will survive the rapidly changing nature of the legal profession as it bends to national and international pressures.

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7

Kerr, Lisa. "Contesting Expertise in Prison Law." McGill Law Journal 60, no. 1 (December 8, 2014): 43–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027719ar.

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Prisons present a special context for the interpretation of constitutional rights, where prisoner complaints are pitched against the justifications of prison administrators. In the United States, the history of prisoner rights can be told as a story of the ebb and flow of judicial willingness to defer to the expertise-infused claims of prison administrators. Deference is ostensibly justified by a judicial worry that prison administrators possess specialized knowledge and navigate unique risks, beyond the purview of courts. In recent years, expansive judicial deference in the face of “correctional expertise” has eroded the scope and viability of prisoners’ rights, serving to restore elements of the historical category of “civil death” to the legal conception of the American prisoner. In Canada too, courts have often articulated standards of extreme deference to prison administrators, both before and after the advent of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and notwithstanding that the Charter places a burden on government to justify any infringement of rights. Recently, however, two cases from the Supreme Court of British Columbia mark a break from excessive deference and signify the (late) arrival of a Charter-based prison jurisprudence. In each case, prisoner success depended on expert evidence that challenged the assertions and presumed expertise of institutional defendants. In order to prove a rights infringement and avoid justification under section 1, the evidence must illuminate and specify the effects of penal techniques and policies on both prisoners and third parties. The litigation must interrogate the internal penal world, including presumptions about the workings of prisoner society and conceptions of risk management.

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8

Koshan, Jennifer. "Intersections and Roads Untravelled: Sex and Family Status in Fraser v Canada." Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel 30, no. 2 (May 12, 2021): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21991/cf29420.

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It has been a long road to the judicial recognition of women’s inequality under the Cana‑ dian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.1 The Supreme Court of Canada ruling in Fraser v Can‑ ada is significant for being the first decision where a majority of the Court found adverse effects discrimination based on sex under section 15,2 and it was only two years prior that a claim of sex discrimination in favour of women was finally successful at the Court,3 almost 30 years after their first section 15 decision in Andrews v Law Society of British Columbia. 4 1 Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11 [Charter], s 15. 2 Fraser v Canada (Attorney General), 2020 SCC 28 [Fraser]. 3 Quebec (Attorney General) v Alliance du personnel professionnel et technique de la santé et des services sociaux, 2018 SCC 17 [Alliance] (majority found sex discrimination under s 15 and rejected the government’s justification argument under s 1 in the pay equity context). See also Centrale des syndicats du Québec v Quebec (Attorney General), 2018 SCC 18 [Centrale] (majority found violation of s 15 but accepted the government’s s 1 argument, also in the pay equity context). For comments on these decisions see Fay Faraday, “One Step Forward, Two Steps Back? Substantive Equality, Systemic Discrimination and Pay Equity at the Supreme Court of Canada” (2020) 94 SCLR (2d) 301; Jonnette Watson Hamilton & Jennifer Koshan, “Equality Rights and Pay Equity: Déjà Vu in the Supreme Court of Canada” (2019) 15 JL & Equality 1. See also British Columbia Teachers’ Federation v British Columbia Public School Employers’ Association, 2014 SCC 70 (a one-paragraph decision restoring an arbitrator’s award allowing a s 15 employment benefits claim by women); Newfoundland (Treasury Board) v NAPE, 2004 SCC 66 (finding a violation of s 15 but accepting the government’s s 1 argument, again in the pay equity context).4 [1989] 1 SCR 143, 56 DLR (4th) 1.

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9

Boyd, Susan, and Alexa Norton. "Addiction and Heroin-Assisted Treatment: Legal Discourse and Drug Reform." Contemporary Drug Problems 46, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450919856635.

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This article analyzes the arguments put forth over a 3-day period at an injunction hearing, Providence Health Care Society v. Canada, held March 13–15, 2014 in Vancouver, British Columbia. The plaintiffs sought broad interlocutory relief from the Court for the provision of prescription heroin if requested by their physicians. This article fills an identified gap in scholarship by analyzing the civil Charter challenge, including the notice of civil claim, injunction court transcripts, judgment, and individual plaintiffs’ affidavits. We draw from Canada’s unique history of drug prohibition and critical drug research to contextualize our analysis and findings. We argue that the lives of people using criminalized drugs, such as heroin, are affected by legal realms that produce ideas about heroin, addiction, and criminality that ultimately impact public health policies and treatment initiatives.

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10

Baker, Wendy G. "Structure of the Workplace Or, Should We Continue to Knock the Corners off the Square Pegs or Can We Change the Shape of the Holes." Alberta Law Review 33, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr1119.

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The author discusses the structure of the workplace in the legal profession from the perspective of a woman who has practiced law for fifteen years, who was on a recent task force reviewing gender equality in the legal profession and who is now a member of the Supreme Court of British Columbia. From this perspective, the author finds that workplace structures in the legal profession have changed very little in the past two decades. However, a number of factors are compelling the legal profession to rethink workplace structures: average incomes of lawyers have dropped in recent years as compared to other similarly educated Canadians; traditional areas of practice for lawyers are being encroached upon by other professionals and para-professionals; the oftentimes unpopular image of the profession amongst its clients and the general public; and the increasing presence of women in the profession and their male counterparts who also wish to break from traditional modes of practice. These factors are forcing members of the profession to begin to take advantage of the flexibility latent in the traditional legal work environment to alter the structure of the workplace. The author says these changes are necessary to better serve the needs of both lawyers and the democratic society it is their function to defend.

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11

Steele, Lindsay. "Innovation in Establishing the Standard of Care in a Self-Regulated Profession." Geoscience Canada 44, no. 4 (December 19, 2017): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2017.44.127.

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Under Law, professional geoscientists have a duty of care that they must adhere to when they carry out their activities. The question is, when a duty of care exists, what is the standard of care that is owed? Geoscience regulators in Canada and around the world are working with geoscientists to develop innovative solutions in establishing the standard of care that must be met. By clearly establishing what our expectations are concerning standard of care, we are setting common ideals and goals as a professional community. Both society, geoscientists and employers of geoscientists look to regulatory associations for guidance on professional practice, therefore regulators need to strive to support and educate their members by developing tools and resources that allow members to meet the standard of care expected of them. The paper describes innovative approaches being offered to assist members of Engineers and Geoscientists British Columbia and is based on an oral presentation given by the author at the International Geology Congress in Cape Town South Africa in August 2016.RÉSUMÉEn vertu de la loi, les géoscientifiques professionnels ont un devoir de diligence auquel ils doivent se conformer dans l'exercice de leurs activités. La question qui se pose est la suivante : lorsqu'il existe un devoir de diligence, quelle est la norme de diligence à respecter? Les organismes de réglementation géoscientifiques au Canada, et ailleurs dans le monde, travaillent de concert avec les géoscientifiques à l'élaboration de solutions novatrices pour établir la norme de diligence à respecter. En établissant clairement nos attentes concernant les normes de diligence, nous établissons des idéaux et des objectifs communs en tant que regroupement professionnel. La société, les géoscientifiques et leurs employeurs attendent des associations de réglementation des conseils sur les usages professionnels. Les organismes de réglementation doivent donc s'efforcer de soutenir et former leurs membres en dotant des outils et des ressources qui leur permettent de respecter les normes d'usage en vigueur. L’article qui suit, et qui décrit les approches novatrices proposées aux membres de la Engineers and Geoscientist British Columbia est basé sur une présentation orale donnée par l'auteur au Congrès international de géologie à Cape Town, en Afrique du Sud, en août 2016.

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12

Ram, C. D. "Essays in the History of Canadian Law. Vol.VI: British Columbia and the Yukon. Edited by Foster Hamar and McLaren John. [Toronto: University of Toronto Press (Osgoode Society for Legal History). 1995. XVII + 583 pp. ISBN 0-8020-7151-1. $45·50]." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 46, no. 2 (April 1997): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300060759.

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13

McCabe, Janice. "Growth of the British Columbia Chesterton Society." Chesterton Review 18, no. 1 (1992): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chesterton1992181160.

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14

Hudec, Al, and Van Penick. "British Columbia Offshore Oil and Gas Law." Alberta Law Review 41, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr496.

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This article addresses the current debate over lifting a thirty-five year moratorium on offshore resource development in British Columbia. It describes the three primary offshore basins and the history of the various moratoriums, as well as the current legal backdrop under which development could occur. The authors review unique jurisdictional, Aboriginal and environmental considerations relating to the west coast, and conclude that the east coast regulatory regime provides a useful regulatory template for the west coast, appropriately updated for technological changes in the offshore industry and changes in regulatory philosophies since the 1980s.

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15

Osborne, Judith A. "Licensing without law: legalized gambling in British Columbia." Canadian Public Administration/Administration publique du Canada 35, no. 1 (March 1992): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-7121.1992.tb00679.x.

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16

GALOIS, ROBERT, and COLE HARRIS. "RECALIBRATING SOCIETY: THE POPULATION GEOGRAPHY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA IN 1881." Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 38, no. 1 (March 1994): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1994.tb01516.x.

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17

Carleton, Rebecca, Patricia L. Brantingham, and Paul J. Brantingham. "Crime Specialization in Rural British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 56, no. 5 (October 2014): 595–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2013.e22.

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18

Chunn, Dorothy E. "Regulating (Hetero)Sexual Offences in British Columbia, 1885-1940." Israel Law Review 35, no. 2-3 (2001): 285–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002122370001222x.

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Since the late twentieth century, much literature and debate has addressed the use and misuse of science and expertise in the courts and the relationship between science and law in the determination of legal outcomes. Feminists have examined these issues in relation to the adjudication of criminal cases involving women accused (battered woman syndrome – BWS; pre-menstrual syndrome – PMS) and women complainants/victims (rape trauma syndrome – RTS) as well as cases in other areas of law such as sex discrimination and sexual harassment. Their research demonstrates that expert testimony reflects class-based, gendered, racialized, and sexualized assumptions and is clearly important to case outcomes. On one hand, judges often are swayed by expert testimony given at trial and/or submitted at the pre-trial or pre-sentence stage of the criminal process. On the other hand, non-legal experts often act like legal agents on behalf of either the prosecution or the defense. Indeed, the issue of competing experts is central to much discussion and debate about their place in criminal proceedings.

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19

Bell, Catherine. "Canadian Supreme Court: Delgamuukw V. British Columbia." International Legal Materials 37, no. 2 (March 1998): 261–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900018283.

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Delgamuukw v. B.C. is a pivotal decision in the evolution of Canadian law on Aboriginal rights.Numerous meetings, round-tables, workshops and conferences have been held to discuss its potential impact on litigation and negotiation.1 Delgamuukw has also served as a vehicle for discussion of more fundamental issues such as the appropriateness of selecting the judicial forum to resolve Aboriginal title claims and the role of legal reasoning in furthering the process of colonization.2 Given the influence of British colonial law on the development of Aboriginal rights jurisprudence in former British colonies and the restrictions placed by evidentiary presumptions originating in English courts, Delgamuukw may also have persuasive precedential value outside of Canada. In particular, the Supreme Court's elaboration of the concept of Aboriginal rights and its discussion of the weight to be given to oral histories may influence other commonwealth courts which face the demanding task of accommodating the rights of colonized peoples within a contemporary political and legal rights regime.3

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20

Ward, Tony. "Sustainability for British Columbia Forestry." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 12, no. 1-2 (January 2001): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v12n01_08.

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21

Harris, Perlita. "Adoption Reunion Services in British Columbia." Adoption & Fostering 20, no. 2 (July 1996): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857599602000208.

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Five years have passed since an adoption reunion registry was finally established in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Perlita Harris, a former counsellor with this ‘active’ registry, examines the findings of a recent study evaluating its practice. She also highlights some of the key issues that are important for consideration in the development of services in Britain.

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22

Sullivan, Kathleen M. "(Re)Landscaping Sovereignty in British Columbia, Canada." PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 29, no. 1 (May 2006): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/pol.2006.29.1.44.

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23

Banner, A., D. V. Meidinger, E. C. Lea, R. E. Maxwell, and B. C. Von Sacken. "Ecosystem mapping methods for British Columbia." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 39, no. 1-3 (January 1996): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00396139.

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24

Snell, James G., and Tina Loo. "Making Law, Order, and Authority in British Columbia, 1821-1871." American Historical Review 101, no. 2 (April 1996): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170608.

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25

Girard, Philip, and Tina Loo. "Making Law, Order, and Authority in British Columbia, 1821-1871." Labour / Le Travail 37 (1996): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25144049.

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26

White, W. Thomas, and Tina Loo. "Making Law, Order, and Authority in British Columbia, 1821-1871." Western Historical Quarterly 26, no. 4 (1995): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/970875.

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27

Morley, J. Gareth. "Trial Lawyers of British Columbia v British Columbia: Section 96 Comes to the Access to Civil Justice Debate." Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel 25, no. 2 (October 11, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21991/c9t96s.

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You can bemoan or you can celebrate, but you cannot deny that the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms fundamentally changed Canadian criminal procedure. In contrast, until recently, civil proceduralists could confidently ignore constitutional law. All attempts to constitutionalize principles of civil justice had been rebuffed by the courts. That appears to be how the framers of the Charter wanted it. The Legal Rights set out in sections 7 through 14 of the Charter speak of deprivation of “life, liberty and security of the person”, “arrest” and “detention”, being charged with an “offence” or of “punishment and treatment”. Those caught up in the criminal justice system are precisely the kind of unpopular minority the framers thought needed protection from populist majoritarianism. On the other hand, the Charter demonstrates no desire to interfere with the long tradition of provincial autonomy and experimentation with civil justice. As a result, the Court early on decided that even where the Legal Rights are unclear, they do not apply to civil litigation.But the Supreme Court of Canada’s decision in Trial Lawyers Association means that those interested in civil procedure, and its possible reform, can no longer ignore the Constitution without risk. The Court held that a right of access to superior courts is protected by section 96 of the Constitution Act, 1867, as informed by the unwritten principle of the rule of law. British Columbia’s hearing-fee scheme — in place since before Confederation — was held to be unconstitutional because its exemption for the “impoverished” was found not to be wide enough to protect that right for middle-class would-be litigants. This comment will argue that the impact could be significant, since all issues in civil and family procedure can be reconceived in terms of access to courts. Unfortunately, the constitutionalization of civil procedure is unlikely to improve the systemic problems that deny middle class Canadians the realistic option of a day in court.

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Linning, Shannon J., Martin A. Andresen, Amir H. Ghaseminejad, and Paul J. Brantingham. "Crime Seasonality across Multiple Jurisdictions in British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice 59, no. 2 (April 2017): 251–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjccj.2015.e31.

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29

Scott, Michaelin, and Chris Tollefson. "Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation: The British Columbia Experience." Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 19, no. 1 (June 17, 2010): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.2010.00663.x.

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30

Seybold, Steven J., and Christopher J. Fettig. "Managing bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) with semiochemicals." Canadian Entomologist 153, no. 1 (April 24, 2020): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2020.24.

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AbstractOn 14 November 2018, a symposium Managing bark and ambrosia beetles with semiochemicals was held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, at the Joint Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, the Entomological Society of Canada, and the Entomological Society of British Columbia. The focus was on the application of behavioural chemicals for management of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in conifers and hardwoods in North America and Europe. Contributors included nine invited speakers from Canada, Slovakia, and the United States of America who summarised the current state of knowledge and latest technologies and shared career-long experiences and insights. This special issue features publications derived from those presentations.

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31

Goldberg-Hiller, Jonathan. "The Boycott of the Law and the Law of the Boycott: Law, Labour, and Politics in British Columbia." Law & Social Inquiry 21, no. 02 (1996): 313–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1996.tb00083.x.

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This article uses a critical theoryllegal mobilization perspective to study the 1987–92 trade union boycott of the British Columbia labour law. The problems encountered establishing a total boycott–one that would eschew all contact with the state–and the subsequent modification of the parameters of the boycott through a selective reliance on the law offer an important case from which to learn more about the role of law and legal rights in highly regulated organizations and how collectives mobilize the law. The author argues that legal rights are important to unions because of their ability to mediate the complexity of labour relations through a decentralization of authority. At the same time, mobilization of the law for this purpose accentuates localized identities and unequal resources that operate in tension with a boycott ethos, necessitating a deliberative politics to legitimize the law. By exploring the tension between these two forms of mobilization around law–one to reduce complexity, another to legitimize broad collective norms–the author analyzes and draws some conclusions about the reproduction of social unionism in British Columbia.

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Sumaila, Ussif Rashid, John Volpe, and Yajie Liu. "Potential economic benefits from sablefish farming in British Columbia." Marine Policy 31, no. 2 (March 2007): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2006.04.004.

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33

Gomme, Reid. "Delgamuukw v. British Columbia: When Aboriginal Voices of Law Were Finally Heard." Political Science Undergraduate Review 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur46.

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This essay analyzes the enduring impact of the case Delgamuukw v. British Columbia (1997), in which the Supreme Court of Canada overturned the original ruling by the Supreme Court of British Columbia in 1997 upon appeal by members of the Gitskan and Wet’suwet’en peoples representing the Delgamuukw side. The case set strengthened precedent in Canada’s legal system for the use of indigenous oral history as acceptable evidence in identifying first nations land claims based on their ancestral accounts. As has been shown in more recent indigenous land claims cases such as Tsilhqot’in v. British Columbia (2014), this precedent is finally allowing some first nations communities a legal tool recognized strongly enough within Canadian legal systems, historically entrenched in European common and civil law approaches of justifying evidence, to gain more just land claims settlements. While actions by some levels of Canadian government, such as the British Columbian Liberal government’s 2001 popular referendum on the merits of indigenous land claims, have shown bad faith for the prospects of nation to nation land claim settlement negotiation, the pressure exerted on all levels of Canadian government by decisions such as Delgamuukw and Tsilhqot’in show promise in forcing a shift to more just land claim settlements in future disputes.

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34

Borman, Michael, and Cindy Meays. "Vancouver, British Columbia: Host City for SRM 2006." Rangelands 27, no. 3 (June 2005): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-501x(2005)27.3[50:vbchcf]2.0.co;2.

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Bawtree, Alfred H. "A History of Range Use in British Columbia." Rangelands 27, no. 6 (December 2005): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-501x(2005)27.6[36:ahorui]2.0.co;2.

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36

McLean, John A. "IPM in the forests of British Columbia, Canada." Forest Ecology and Management 65, no. 1 (May 1994): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(94)90252-6.

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37

Hsieh, William W., Yuval, Jingyang Li, Amir Shabbar, and Stephanie Smith. "Seasonal Prediction with Error Estimation of Columbia River Streamflow in British Columbia." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 129, no. 2 (March 2003): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(2003)129:2(146).

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Orans, R., S. Price, J. Williams, C. K. Woo, and J. Moore. "A Northern California–British Columbia partnership for renewable energy." Energy Policy 35, no. 8 (August 2007): 3979–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2007.03.013.

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39

Wandesforde-Smith, Geoffrey. "Fish, Law, and Colonialism: The Legal Capture of Salmon in British Columbia." Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy 6, no. 1-2 (January 2003): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713778536.

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40

Seagrave, Jayne. "Community policing: The views of police executives in British Columbia." Policing and Society 6, no. 2 (June 1996): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1996.9964748.

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41

Harder, Henry, and Leslie Potts. "Disability management: The Insurance Corporation of British Columbia experience." Pain Research and Management 8, no. 2 (2003): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/923836.

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Insurance Corporation of British Columbia (ICBC) is a Crown Corporation created by the Provincial Government in 1974 to provide compulsory auto insurance. It is a common-law or tort system with 'add-on' no-fault provisions (medical/rehabilitation and disability benefits). ICBC insures 2 million British Columbia (BC) residents and pays out over $2 billion (Cdn.) in claims annually. One billion of this is for injury claims. Currently, one percent of these claims are catastrophic losses (paraplegic, quadriplegic, traumatic brain injury) with the remainder being non-catastrophic claims. Seventy percent of these non-catastrophic claims are soft tissue (primarily whiplash) injuries.

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42

Chen, Sibo, and Shane Gunster. "“Ethereal Carbon”: legitimizing liquefied natural gas in British Columbia." Environmental Communication 10, no. 3 (January 14, 2016): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2015.1133435.

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Scoffield, E. V. "Stepping through the looking glass: A new relationship between professional foresters and forest technologists." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 850–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79850-5.

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The regulation of forest professionals in British Columbia is undergoing dramatic change. The long-standing close working relationship between professional foresters and forest technologists is now entrenched in legislation. A new Foresters Act came into law on June 20, 2003. It authorizes the Association of British Columbia Professional Foresters to regulate forest technologists as well as professional foresters. This new approach to the regulation of the two groups will build upon their healthy relationship and strengthen the forestry team as it grapples with the challenges ahead. Key words: forest professionals, professional forester, forest technologist, British Columbia, Foresters Act, regulation

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Andresen, Martin A., and Kevin C. Y. Lau. "An evaluation of police foot patrol in Lower Lonsdale, British Columbia." Police Practice and Research 15, no. 6 (June 4, 2013): 476–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.805870.

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Barrett, Rowan D. H., and Jana C. Vamosi. "Ecology and evolution join forces to good effect." Biology Letters 4, no. 5 (July 8, 2008): 443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0311.

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Scheifele, Benjamin, Rich Pawlowicz, Tobias Sommer, and Alfred Wüest. "Double Diffusion in Saline Powell Lake, British Columbia." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 2893–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0070.1.

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Abstract Powell Lake contains a deep layer of relic seawater separated from the ocean since the last ice age. Permanently stratified and geothermally heated from below, this deep layer is an isolated geophysical domain suitable for studying double-diffusive convection. High-resolution CTD and microstructure measurements show several double-diffusive staircases (Rρ = 1.6 to 6) in the deep water, separated vertically by smooth high-gradient regions with much larger density ratios. The lowest staircase contains steps that are laterally coherent on the basin scale and have a well-defined vertical structure. On average, temperature steps in this staircase are 4 mK, salinity steps are 2 mg kg−1, and mixed layer heights are 70 cm. The CTD is capable of measuring bulk characteristics of the staircase in both temperature and salinity. Microstructure measurements are limited to temperature alone, but resolve the maximum temperature gradients in the center of selected laminar interfaces. Two different algorithms for characterizing the staircase are compared. Consistent estimates of the steady-state heat flux (27 mW m−2) are obtained from measurements above and below the staircase, as well as from microstructure measurements in the center of smooth interfaces. Estimates obtained from bulk interface gradients underestimate the steady-state flux by nearly a factor of 2. The mean flux calculated using a standard 4/3 flux law parameterization agrees well with the independent estimates, but inconsistencies between the parameterization and the observations remain. These inconsistencies are examined by comparing the underlying scaling relationship to the measurements.

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Gillette, Nancy E., and Christopher J. Fettig. "Semiochemicals for bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) management in western North America: where do we go from here?" Canadian Entomologist 153, no. 1 (November 27, 2020): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2020.61.

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AbstractThis paper is intended as an assessment of the state of knowledge and development of semiochemical methods for control of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in western North America and as a roadmap for future research and development in this field. It is based on a keynote presentation given at the symposium Managing Bark and Ambrosia Beetles with Semiochemicals, held in 2018 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, at the Joint Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, the Entomological Society of Canada, and the Entomological Society of British Columbia. We describe currently available active ingredients, formulations, and release devices. Furthermore, we describe the most urgently needed new products and techniques, and constraints to their further development. Finally, we speculate about opportunities afforded by new advances in microbial synthesis of semiochemicals, streamlining of regulatory processing, and aerial application using unmanned aerial vehicles.

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Shepherd, Roy F. "Management strategies for forest insect defoliators in British Columbia." Forest Ecology and Management 68, no. 2-3 (October 1994): 303–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(94)90053-1.

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Bennuah, S. Yaw, Tongli Wang, and Sally N. Aitken. "Genetic analysis of the introgression zone in British Columbia." Forest Ecology and Management 197, no. 1-3 (August 2004): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.05.005.

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Lindseth, Richard E., Neil E. Green, Vernon T. Tolo, Albert B. Schultz, Susan M. Swank, and John A. Herring. "Scoliosis Research Society 22nd Annual Meeting Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada September 15–19, 1987." Spine 13, no. 10 (October 1988): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198810000-00001.

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