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1
Empfield, Jeffrey Morgan. "Wilderness rivers : environmentalism, the wilderness movement, and river preservation during the 1960s /." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020640/.
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Langslow, A. K. "Between rivers : the postmodern condition in a totalitarian state." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310332.
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Smith, Theodore Rachel Folafunke. "Transformational leadership and student outcomes : evidence from Rivers State, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/50904/.
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Despite the widely accepted theories on transformational leadership and its impact on student outcomes, in the West, much less is known about this model in developing countries, including Nigeria. This study explored how learners' outcomes are affected by transformational leadership in Rivers State. The research mapped the prevalent leadership styles to see whether, and to what extent, they illustrated any components of transformational leadership, using Bass’s six transformational leadership (TL) measuring instruments. This exploratory study adopted a mixed-methods approach to investigate this phenomenon, with a multiple case-study design, in five schools from the rural riverine and urban communities of Rivers State, Nigeria. Learners' attainments were examined using a documentary approach while principal and teacher perspectives were obtained via semi-structured interviews. Existing Western theories relating to transformational leadership were confirmed, contradicted, modified, and extended, in this African context. The findings revealed that transformational leadership in Rivers State shares some similarities with Western research and literature but also exhibits certain dissimilarities. The research confirms the growing recognition that leadership theories and models need to be adapted when applied to new, and developing, contexts.
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Vayo, Elizabeth Ann. "ARE ALL STATE ELECTION LAWS CREATED EQUALLY? HOW VARIABLE STATE ELECTIONS LAWS MAY INFLUENCE VOTER TURNOUT AND OUR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT TO VOTE." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193020.
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Katz, Leslie Tomb 1958. "Steady state infiltration processes along the Santa Cruz and Rillito Rivers." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191965.
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The principle aim of this study was to outline a new method for determining steady state infiltration rates for the Santa Cruz and Rillito Rivers. A secondary study aim was to apply four alternative infiltration prediction models to study conditions and compare results. The procedure entailed constructing a plan-view map of channel flow conditions from an aerial video, and digitizing the wetted area. Steady state infiltration conditions were demonstrated to have been established on both streams during the study period. Combining the wetted area values with known or estimated inflow/outflow rates, steady state infiltration rates were computed: 1.35 ft/day, or 18.19 acft/ day/mi, for the Santa Cruz River, and 1.65 ft/day, or 40.91 acft/ day/mi, on the Rillito River. Results from the application of the four alternative methodologies showed that Lane's (1983) predicted rates agreed most closely with values determined in this study. The Flug et al. (1980) values differed most dramaticly.
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Kaka, Eddy B. "Decentralization of Local Government and Rural Development in Rivers State, Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4797.
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Rural communities in Rivers State, Nigeria are fraught with underdevelopment crises despite the accrual of wealth from oil and gas. Community Development Committees (CDCs) are established by the Rivers State government in each town and village to facilitate community development. However, the CDCs have failed to generate substantive development in rural communities. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate the perceptions of local stakeholders as to the factors that have contributed to this policy failure. Benet's theory of polarities of democracy was used in this study. Twenty-two participants in the Khana region of Rivers State were interviewed regarding why the CDCs have failed to promote rural development in the Khana Local Government Area in Rivers State, Nigeria. Saldana's method of coding and content analysis were used for data analysis. The results from the analysis revealed that CDCs protected personal and political interests of the elites, excluded the voice of the local citizens, lacked representation from the minority, and CDC officials mismanaged funds and resources. To improve the lives of the rural people in Rivers State, Nigeria, it was recommended that CDCs become more inclusive. Also, CDC leaders need to work closely with all local stakeholders so that each stakeholder and not just the elites of the community will benefit from CDC policies or programs. Implementation of these recommendations might bring about more social justice and equity in the local communities served by CDCs. They might also help to promote reasonable distribution of government wealth through the provision of viable projects in the rural communities in Rivers State, Nigeria.
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Shmueli, Merav. "State intervention in traditional family laws discriminating against women." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ54068.pdf.
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Waller, Jonathan Kerry. "The expenditure effects of sunset laws in state governments." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1249065917/.
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Fant, Scott Allen. "Development of a one-dimensional contaminant model for streams and rivers." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-06302008-210128.
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Shi, Jianhua. "Steady-state and dynamic modelling of the dissolved oxygen concentration in rivers." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413292.
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Maduagwu, Samuel Nwankwo. "Job Satisfaction of Secondary School Principals in the Rivers State of Nigeria." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331272/.
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This study addresses these questions: (1) What is the relationship between secondary school principals' job satisfaction and their ages, educational level, salary, and years of experience on the job, size of school, and location of school? and (2) What is the relationship between two instruments that measure job satisfaction--The Job Descriptive Index (JDI) and The Job in General (JIG).
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Shittu, Whanda Ja'afaru. "Mapping oil spill human health risk in rivers state, Niger Delta, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14115/.
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Oil pipelines play a significant role in crude oil transportation and bring danger close to communities along their paths. Pipeline accidents happen every now and then due to factors ranging from operational cause to third party damage. In the Niger Delta pipeline system, interdiction is common; therefore, every length and breadth of land covered by a pipeline is vulnerable to oil pollution, which can pose a threat to land use. Weak enforcement of rights of way led to encroachment by farmers and human dwellings, thereby bringing people in close proximity to pipelines. Considering the impact exposure can have on human health, a method was developed for identifying vulnerable communities within a designated potential pipeline impact radius, and generic assessment criteria developed for assessing land use exposure. The GIS based model combines four weighted criteria layers, i.e. land cover, population, river and pipeline buffers in a multi-criteria decision making with analytical hierarchy process to develop an automated mapping tool designed to perform three distinct operations: firstly, to delineate pipeline hazard areas; secondly, establish potential pipeline impact radius; and thirdly, identify vulnerable communities in high consequence areas. The model was tested for sensitivity and found to be sensitive to river criterion; transferability on the other hand is limited to similar criteria variables. To understand spatial distribution of oil spills, 443 oil spill incidents were examined and found to tend towards cluster distribution. Meanwhile, the main causes of spills include production error (34.8%) and interdiction (31.6%); interdiction alone discharged about 61.4% of crude oil. This brings to light the significance of oil pipeline spills and the tendency to increase the risk of exposure. The generic assessment criteria were developed for three land uses using CLEA v 1.06 for aromatic (EC5-EC44) and aliphatic (EC5-EC44) fractions. The use of the model and screening criteria are embedded in a framework designed to stimulate public participation in pipeline management and pipeline hazard mitigation, which policy makers and regulators in the oil industry can find useful in pipeline hazard management and exposure mitigation.
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Ekine, Data Irene. "Labour input decisions on small subsistence farms in the Rivers State of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294895.
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Woten, Rick L. "Navigating internal improvement rivers, canals, and state formation in the nineteenth-century midwest /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3369912.
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Vinci, Karen K. "All state adoption laws should be mandated at the federal level." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2003. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/333.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Ritter, Michael James. "Accessible electoral systems: state reform laws, election administration, and voter turnout." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5836.
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Compared to most Western democracies, voter turnout in the United States is consistently lower. Individuals from disadvantaged groups such as the poor are also less likely to vote than more affluent citizens. To counteract these trends, American state governments since the 1970s have adopted election reform laws (early voting, no-excuse absentee or mail voting, and Same Day Registration [SDR] voting) to make voting easier for the citizen. Paradoxically, most research on election reform laws has found that these laws have a minimal effect on turnout, and do not reduce disparities between more and less advantaged voting groups. This study argues that past studies have not properly accounted for features of a state’s electoral system – combinations of voting reform laws, election administration, and history of turnout – that structure the impacts of these laws on turnout. The goal of this research is to re-evaluate the performance of these election reform laws by contextualizing the laws in a state’s electoral system.
This study makes several unique contributions to the literature on election reform laws. First, convenience voting laws and state election administration are reframed as components of the overall accessibility of a state’s electoral system. Using a policy feedback framework, this reframing recognizes how citizens, political campaigns, and accessible electoral systems shape turnout. The study then evaluates the effects of accessible electoral systems on overall turnout, and turnout among the poor. Additionally, this project analyzes how these laws structure the mobilization strategies of political campaigns. Finally, this research utilizes two large datasets containing millions of respondents from all fifty American states (Catalist and the Cooperative Congressional Election Study) with advanced statistical methods to assess the effects of these laws at the individual level in the 2008-2014 midterm and presidential elections. After controlling for the accessibility of state electoral systems, this research finds that convenience voting laws do increase turnout, encourage participation from the least likely voting groups, motivate campaigns to mobilize voters, and reduce turnout inequality.
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Akeneh, Ukari Josiah Smith. "Roles of physiotherapy in primary health care: Awareness and perceptions of other health care professionals in Rivers East Senatorial District, Rivers State, Nigeria." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7005.
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Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio)BACKGROUND: Access to basic health care services through the primary health care (PHC) settings, was affirmed as a fundamental human right by the World health organisation (WHO) in 1978 in Alma Ata (Kazakhstan). Internationally, interdisciplinary collaboration among health care professionals (HCPs) have been the preferred approach to addressing the health and psychosocial needs of the populace. The PHC being the first point of contact for most Nigerians and the cornerstone of health care policies in Nigeria, covers promotive, preventative, curative and rehabilitative services. Although, Physiotherapy has ideally qualified personnel to contribute to the attainment of the goals and objectives of the PHC policies, these services are mostly carried out by other HCP’s subdivided as clinicians (medical doctors, dentists, nurses/midwives, optometrists, pharmacists, radiographers, laboratory scientists) and clinical assistants (pharmacy technicians, radiography technicians, laboratory technicians and community health extension workers). Physiotherapy services are mostly concentrated at tertiary and secondary health care settings. AIM: To determine the awareness and explore the perceptions of clinicians and clinical assistants employed in the type 3 primary health care (PHC) settings of Rivers East Senatorial district of Rivers State, Nigeria, regarding the roles of Physiotherapy in a PHC setting.
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McFubara, Kalada Godson. "Health policy in Nigeria : : a contextual analysis of the policy process in Rivers State." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488191.
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Dooley, James Henry. "Collaborative design of fish habitat enhancement projects in streams and rivers of Washington State /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5581.
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Lessner, Grace I. "Subtle Sentry: State Public Records Laws and the Availability of Government Information." W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626175.
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Jóhannesson, Gísli Hólmar. "Optimal hyperplanar transition state theory /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11549.
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Bowles, Benjamin. "Water ways : becoming an itinerant boat-dweller on the canals and rivers of South East England." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11518.
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This thesis draws from data collected over thirteen months of fieldwork working with “Boaters”, a boat-dwelling itinerant group on the waterways of Southern England. In the first of three parts, the thesis focusses on the individual motivations (economic, personal and political) behind becoming a travelling Boater, and on how one acquires the requisite skills and knowledge to become part of a community of practice on the waterways. Boaters on the whole do not have a sense of being an ethnically distinct group and, as such, this thesis interrogates what kind of an identity is being created or reinforced when individuals recognise themselves as Boaters. This part further deals with the specific temporal experience of boating (commonly known as “boat time”) that creates a shared experiential pattern between Boaters, and also examines the informal networks of trade, exchange and barter which enmesh Boaters in a web of reciprocal relationships. In the subsequent part, the focus of the thesis widens to take in the boating “community” as it is imagined. It asks how the concept of community is rhetorically constructed and corporately enacted on the inland waterways and identifies the creation of an emic and local conception of community. In the third part, the focus widens further still in order to interrogate the troubled relationships between Boaters and sedentary populations and between Boaters and agents of the State. By looking at Boaters’ different (essentially nomadic) understandings of locality and political organisation, this thesis attempts to more broadly explain the fraught relationship between state agencies and itinerant populations. The thesis concludes that the community of Boaters is constructed through the shared understandings which emerge due to the Boaters experiencing much of their world as being flexible, fluid and unfixed. Boaters are bound by acts of dwelling together on the waterways, acts that emerge from the specific material conditions of boat life, and further from acts of support where Boaters bind together for the security of the group against antagonistic outsiders and the interventions of agencies of the state.
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Sinha, Sumit. "Parameter estimation and auto-calibration of the STREAM-C model." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2005. http://library.msstate.edu/content/templates/?a=72.
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Farooque, M. "Non-navigational uses of the waters of international rivers : Rights of riparian states - extent and limits." Thesis, Online version, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.233370.
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Mills, Gregory Joel. "A general formulation of quantum transition state theory /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8567.
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Skvoretz, Kelsey Nicole. "Weighing in on the effectiveness of state laws on childhood obesity...fat chance!" Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1399063453.
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Foran, Tira. "Rivers of contention : Pak Mun Dam, electricity planning, and state-society relations in Thailand, 1932-2004." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1984.
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PhDThis study investigates how actions – especially narratives and claims – of civil society advocates influenced electricity generation planning and hydropower project implementation, in the context of a democratising authoritarian state. To pursue this research agenda, I use a critical realist philosophy of science to ground a conceptual framework whose fundamental components consist of institutions, interests, and discourses. The research presents three case studies from Thailand, a nation-state with distinct authoritarian legacies, as well as significant economic and political dynamism in the late 20th century. The cases step from macro to micro levels of analysis: (1) Electricity generation planning: an overview and critique of the social construction of peak power demand and supply options in Thailand, 1960s–2004. I focus on the rise of energy conservation advocacy in the early 1990s, and the rise of more confrontational energy activism in the late 1990s; (2) Pak Mun Dam: contention between EGAT, anti-dam villagers, and other state and civil society actors, 1989–2003; (3) Pak Mun Dam: analysis of how knowledge discourses shaped debates over fisheries and local livelihoods in the lower Mun river basin, 1999–2004. I pursue these cases in the larger context of Thai state–society relations, 1932–early 2000s: from the Khana Ratsadorn (People’s Party) and its founders’ increasingly authoritarian struggles to shape the state; through to the rise of civil society in the Indochina-war era; through the emergence of parliamentary politics and NGO evolution in the 1980s and early 1990s; to the Thai Rak Thai “money politics” party that emerged in 1998. Specific research questions focus on patterns and outcomes of state–society interaction, the role of lay and expert knowledge discourses in structuring conflict, and plausible causal connections between outcomes and concepts used in the conceptual framework. The study is based on fieldwork conducted between 2001 and 2005, with 18 months of intensive work concentrated in 2002 and 2004. Recurrent procedures consisted of collecting policy narratives and arguments and re-constructing actors’ interests (including those of leaders in organizations) via participant observation, interviews, and textual analysis. The thesis argues that anti-dam advocates influenced project implementation practices at Pak Mun Dam by forming social change networks, gaining contingent recognition as new political actors. Through innovative and disruptive action, through claims for transparency and justice, through mass performances of worthiness, unity, and commitment, and through the production of local knowledge, they helped set agendas. They triggered elite intervention, as well as reactive counter-mobilization and occasional violence. The escalation of uncertainty from unintended outcomes challenged elites – aided by deliberative exchanges – to reconsider unfavourable decisions, to reconsider their preferences, and to make concessions. At the same time, a number of events made the Assembly of the Poor, the main anti-dam movement organization, vulnerable to destabilizing action at the local and national levels. These include: the formation of competitive organizations in the lower Mun basin; complex and intractable issues (such as multiple rounds of compensation); and inability to take credit for championing the interests of vulnerable small farmers. Destabilizing interactions occurred particularly in the restricted media space of the post-financial and economic crisis years. Populist platforms put forward by Thai Rak Thai and Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra pre-empted the AOP’s influence. Sustainable energy advocates influenced practices of power system planning by teaching new techniques of energy conservation, and diffusing new norms. In the recent period, however, as some of them engaged in more contentious interaction, such as intervening in conflicts over new coal and hydroelectric power plants (in southern Thailand and Laos respectively) they disrupted dominant rationalities, and found themselves confronting some of the same core practices of a power-wielding bureaucracy and an authoritarian state, namely rhetorical strategies that police the boundaries of policy-relevant knowledge. The thesis, intended to contribute to social science methodology and theory, concludes with a critical appraisal of the conceptual framework. I suggest new research agendas for analysts interested in mechanisms of civil society advocacy in the context of democratising states.
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Tasie, G. O. "Agricultural development in the Rivers State of Nigeria since the end of the Nigerian civil war." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577467.
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Smith-Millman, Marissa. "SCHOOL-BASED SUICIDE PREVENTION LAWS IN ACTION: A NATION-WIDE INVESTIGATION OF PRINCIPALS’ KNOWLEDGE OF AND ADHERENCE TO STATE SCHOOL-BASED SUICIDE PREVENTION LAWS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1552560570696902.
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Oyibo, Natasha Chinwendu. "Risk communication as a strategy to combat maternal mortality in Nigeria : a case study in Rivers State." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2017. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/22343/.
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This study was initiated following the high maternal mortality ratio in Rivers State, Nigeria, which stands at 889 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. Approximately two thirds of Nigerian women deliver their babies outside of health facilities and without medically skilled attendants, thereby, indicating the need for a risk communication, thus increasing the chances of potentially avoidable maternal deaths. A mental models approach to developing risk communication was applied to this study to elicit the knowledge of maternal health experts and lay people, in order to achieve a better understanding of factors that lead to maternal death. The intent is to discover better ways of engaging the stakeholders to achieve a better understanding of the risk in order to enable an improved risk communication in the maternal health sector. An expert mental model about maternal mortality has been developed based on literature review, and expert interviews. This model provides a framework of components that influence the high rates of maternal mortality seen in the State. The concepts within the model were used as a guide in developing questions for use in semi-structured interviews with the lay participants (Rivers State women of childbearing age). This led to the derivation of 6 emergent themes (religion, negative perception of government’s health provision/responsibility, compassion and skill of workers, influence of native midwives, lack of maternal health information, folklore, customs and tradition), and a diagram illustrating participant’s mental models. Comparison of the expert’s and women’s mental models revealed vital beliefs, knowledge gaps and misconceptions in the women’s understanding. The prevalence of the emerging information was further tested with a wider sample of women participants through means of a questionnaire survey. Finally, analysis of findings led to the derivation of key risk communication messages for the women. The original one-way mental model approach was adapted to become a two-way model, which includes critical findings from the lay participants for expert attention, potentially encouraging a holistic communication solution. While the mental model approach is established in risk communication research, this is the first known application to the maternal health field. The mental models of experts and participants that emerged identify the diverse ways stakeholders perceive the issue, and components that influence risk attitudes and health care behaviour. On the basis of the findings, key messages have been suggested that may instil behavioural change.
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Lauby, Fanny. "Immigrants Facing Immigration Policy : state Laws Regulating Eligibility for In-State Tuition and Belonging among Latino Immigrant Youth in the United States." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030055.
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Cette thèse porte sur les nouveaux réseaux d’incorporation politique et sur la mobilisation politique des jeunes immigrés irréguliers de la région de New York et du New Jersey. Son objectif est d’évaluer si les politiques qui ouvrent ou ferment l’accès de ces jeunes aux frais d’inscription à l'université appliqués aux résidents de l'État sont associés à différents niveaux d’appartenance et à différents styles d’organisations politiques. La recherche s’appuie sur les théories relatives à l’incorporation politique et sur un modèle de mobilisation collective lié aux ressources disponibles. Elle emprunte aussi aux théories sur la formulation des politiques publiques qui mettent en lumière le rôle de l’image publique associée à la réforme de l’immigration. L'étude de terrain menée dans l'État de New York et dans le New Jersey permet d’analyser un niveau important de gouvernance qui fait souvent défaut dans le débat sur la réforme de l’immigration. L'approche méthodologique est mixte, combinant des données quantitatives tirées d’une enquête en ligne et des données qualitatives recueillies au cours de soixante entretiens. Les résultats indiquent que les jeunes irréguliers se mobilisent davantage dans les États où la loi crée un contexte de réception plus contraignant et où la coalition de soutien est encore en formation. Les politiques publiques des États influent également sur les ressources nécessaires à la participation politique et civique des jeunes immigrés. Cette thèse souligne l’importance du lieu de résidence dans l’incorporation politique des immigrés aux États-Unis, ainsi que la manière dont l’image associée aux politiques publiques encourage ou dissuade l’engagement politique. Ses résultats aideront le législateur à mieux comprendre les contextes de réception que les politiques publiques créent pour les jeunes immigrésThis dissertation focuses on new paths of immigrant incorporation and on the political mobilization of undocumented youths in the New York-New Jersey area. The goal of this investigation is to assess whether contrasting state laws that either open or restrict eligibility for in-state tuition are associated with different levels of belonging and different styles of organizing among immigrant youths. This research draws from theories on political incorporation and a resource mobilization model of collective action. It also builds on theories of policy design highlighting the role of policy images in immigration reform. The contrasting cases of state-level policy in New York and New Jersey provide for an investigation into an important level of government that has largely been missing from the debate on comprehensive immigration reform. The dissertation relies on an innovative mixed-methods approach, collecting both quantitative data from a survey and qualitative data from sixty in-depth interviews. Results indicate that undocumented youths tend to become mobilized in states which provide more restrictive contexts of reception, and where the coalition of support is still being recruited. However, state laws affecting access to college do shape the availability of political and civic resources for immigrant youths. This dissertation highlights the importance of place in immigrants’ paths of incorporation into the United States, as well as the role of policy narratives in fostering or deterring political engagement. The results will help policymakers better understand the contexts of reception which public policies create for young immigrants
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Obunwo, Chimene U. C. "A framework for enhancing project quality and customer satisfaction in government road construction projects in Rivers State, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/609022.
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Satisfaction has consistently been a source of concern to clients, stakeholders and customers in the construction industry globally. In Nigeria, despite the huge financial investments in construction and its associated economic benefits, construction projects are characterized by poor quality in aesthetics, high costs in maintenance and failure to meet or exceed the customers’ quality expectations. An even greater challenge is faced when considering government construction projects as re- occurring issues like on time delivery, operational and aesthetic excellence and even project abandonment continue to resurface. Although previous studies have developed models and frameworks to improve customer satisfaction in product and service organisations, researchers have not treated in detail issues involving customer satisfaction within projects which do not have profits and financial gains as the driving force such as government construction projects. The aim of this research was to develop a framework that would identify particular areas associated with project quality where adequate resources could be channelled in order to enhance customer satisfaction in government road construction projects in Rivers State, Nigeria. Sequel to an extensive literature review, a conceptual framework was developed to establish the relationship between three attributes of project quality namely performance, reliability and aesthetics and two attributes of customer satisfaction measured through contractor re-patronage and referral. 503 road construction practitioners within the Port Harcourt metropolis of Rivers State, Nigeria participated in a quantitative survey and data obtained was subjected to stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results showed that a strong, positive and significant relationship existed between the attributes of project quality and customer satisfaction with project quality explaining 54.8% of the variance in contractor re-patronage and 61.8% of the variance in contractor referral. Performance was however found to have the greatest effect on contractor re-patronage (R2=.550, adjusted R2=.548) while aesthetics had the highest effect on contractor referral (R2=.572, adjusted R2= .571). Reliability was found to have the weakest effect on customer satisfaction and could be attributed to its civil and structural Engineering links which are either unknown or invisible to the customer. 10 structured interviews with construction professionals were used to validate the developed framework and justify the research design. The findings support the framework and suggest that the knowledge and analysis of the construction costs, the use of competent professional experts, the provision of a revised legal framework for road construction, delegation of responsibility for road maintenance, avoidance of project abandonment, identifying and mitigating construction risks, adopting a strategy for project monitoring, enforcing health and safety considerations, provision of innovative excitement factors as well as post project evaluations were essential for enhancing project quality and customer satisfaction from government road construction projects. The study advocates for an adoption of the framework and concludes by making recommendations including the incorporation of government and private construction practitioners and further identifies areas for future study.
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Malone, Chad Allen. "Behind the Drug Wars: Determinants and Consequences of State Crack and Powder Cocaine Laws, 1976 – 2011." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436974322.
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Burlage, G. Rachel. "The Undue Burden Standard: The Effects of Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) on State Abortion Laws." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5326/.
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This thesis examines the effects of the change from strict scrutiny to the undue burden standard in Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992). A history of abortion in the United States and the various ways in which government regulates it is explored. Particular attention is focused on the role of the federal judiciary in abortion regulation. Theories of judicial decision making are discussed as means to understand the outcome of cases. Several models are tested to determine which, if any, model explains judicial decision making. The effect of the change in standard, as well as an alternate precedent, are examined.
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Chapeskie, Andrew. "Laws of the land: Aboriginal customary law, state law and sustainable resource management in Canada's north." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6514.
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This thesis presents a comparative analysis of Aboriginal customary law and Canadian law in relation to the management and conservation of natural resources on crown lands. By reference to field research carried out with respect to a specific context of Aboriginal resource management, the thesis highlights the sophistication and distinctiveness of the customary Aboriginal regulation of community-based common property resource harvesting and management in both subsistence and commercial use contexts. This perspective reveals the conflictual tendencies between Aboriginal and State systems of the regulation of resource management where the former has been largely unrecognized by the latter. An analysis of the relevant jurisprudence highlights the ethocentric bias mitigating against the recognition and acceptance of Aboriginal resource management that has continued right up to the present time.
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Titilawo, Osuolale Yinka. "Assessment of the quality indices and prevalence of Escherichia coli pathotypes in selected rivers of Osun state, Southwestern Nigeria." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1021274.
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Surface waters are important freshwater sources used for domestic, industrial, agricultural and recreational activities, and the availability of good quality freshwater is indispensable for preventing water-borne diseases and improving quality of life especially in communities that lack pipe-borne water. Water samples were collected from ten rivers at different locations in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria. A total of 12 physicochemical parameters, counts of total coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli isolates were determined using standard analytical procedures. Confirmed Escherichia coli isolates (n=300) were assessed for the presence of 10 virulence genes (VGs) associated with Escherichia coli strains causing intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. The recovered Escherichia coli isolates were elucidated for their antibiogram profiling by disk diffusion method and the resistant isolates were further profiled for their genotypic antimicrobial resistance by polymerase chain reaction technique. The physicochemical qualities ranged as follows: pH (6.9 - 7.6), temperature (26 – 29 ºC), turbidity (2.28 – 9.46 NTU), electrical conductivity (229 – 581 μS/cm), nitrate (0.03 – 0.05 mg/L), nitrite (0.00 – 0.01 mg/L), sulphate (3.33 – 20.33 mg/L), chloride ions (7.83 – 27.33 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (4.23 – 5.57 mg/L), total dissolved solids (56 – 184 mg/L), total hardness (78 – 519 mg/L) and alkalinity (50.67 – 146.67 mg/L). Statistical analysis showed that pH, temperature, electrical conductivities, nitrates, nitrites, chloride, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid, total hardness and alkalinity were significantly different (P < 0.05), whereas turbidity and sulphate were not significantly different (P ˃ 0.05) from each parameter with respect to sampling sites. While the VG lt for enterotoxigenic E. coli had the highest prevalence of 45%, the enteropathogenic E. coli genes eae and bfp were detected in 6% and 4% of the isolates respectively. The VGs stx1 and stx2 specific for the enterohemorrhagic E. coli pathotypes were equally detected in 7% and 1% of the isolates respectively. Also, the VG eagg harboured by enteroaggregative pathotype and diffusely-adherent E. coli VG daaE were detected in 2% and 4% of the isolates respectively and enteroinvasive E. coli VG ipaH was not detected. In addition, the VGs papC for uropathogenic and ibeA for neonatal meningitis were frequently detected in 19% and 3% of isolates respectively. While all the isolates tested were susceptible to imipenem, meropenem, amikacin and gatilofloxacin, others were variously susceptible, and resistant as follows; ciprofloxacin (96%), kanamycin (95%), neomycin (92%), streptomycin (84%), chloramphenicol (73%), nalidixic acid (66%), nitrofuratoin (64%), gentamycin (63%), doxycycline (58%), cefepime (57%), tetracycline (49%) and cephalothin (42%). Conversely, all the isolates were resistant to sulphamethoxazole, and high levels of resistance were equally observed against amoxycillin (59%), ampicilin (57%) and cefuroxime (40%). Cefepime, cephalothin, cefuroxime, nalidixic acid, nitrofuratoin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline were not significantly different in their effect against the isolates from all locations (P > 0.05), whereas the resistance profile of the isolates against gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, sulphamethoxazole, ampicillin and amoxicillin were significantly different (P < 0.05). Amikacin, kanamycin, streptomycin, meropenem, imipenem and gatilofloxacin were statistically excluded from the analysis since all tested isolates showed total susceptibility to these antimicrobials. The multiple antibiotic resistance indexing ranged from 0.50 to 0.80 for all the sampling locations and exceeded the threshold value of 0.2. Prevalence and distributions of the 19 resistance determinants assessed were obtained as follows; [sulfonamides (sulI (8%), sulII (41%)], [beta-lactams; (ampC 22%; blaTEM, (21%), blaZ (18%),], [tetracyclines (tetA (24%), tetB (23%), tetC (18%), tetD (78%), tetK (15%), tetM, (10%)], [phenicols; (catI (37%), catII (28%), cmlA1 (19%)] and [aminoglycosides; (aacC2 (8%), aphA1 (80%), aphA2 (80%), aadA (79%) and strA (38%)]. The Pearson chi square exact test revealed many strong significant associations among ampC, blaTEM, blaZ and tetA genes with some determinants screened. In the same vein, a grand total of 366 resistance gene fingerprints were spotted across the sampling locations and among the resistant pathotypes, the modal prevalent gene prints were found among the ETEC strains in 148 (40%), being the predominant pathotype observed, followed by UPEC strains 80 (22%) while the lowest was the least occurring EAEC pathotype 14 (4%). While some physicochemical parameters exceeded prescribed standards for drinking water, some fell within. The total coliforms obtained in all the sampling sites were above the acceptable limits. Findings reveal the presence of diarrhoeagenic and non-diarrhoeagenic E. coli in the selected rivers and suggest a potential public health risk as the rivers are important resources for domestic, recreational and livelihood usage by their host communities. The multiple drug resistance indexing signifies isolates and pathotypes of high antimicrobial usage origin. An increase in the antimicrobial resistance signatures towards conventionally used antibiotics as observed in this study necessitates for safe water supply, adequate sanitation facilities and proper surveillance programs towards the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance determinants in water-bodies. Generally, results from this study indicate that the river waters are not suitable for consumption, domestic or recreational use and re-echo the importance of safeguarding the freshwater resources of Southwestern Nigeria.
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Gordon, Robert Macaire. "Mental disorders, law, and state : a sociological analysis of the periods of reform in Canadian mental health law." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28791.
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A survey and analysis of Canadian statutes and cases affecting the management of the mentally disordered demonstrates that this area of law has experienced several periods of reform since 1900. In the early 1900's, legislation was characterized by 'limited legalism'. Governments subsequently eased, removed, and then re-imposed forms of judicial and quasi-judicial supervision over the activities of medical practitioners, and the periods of reform are referred to as 'medicalization', 'enhanced medicalization', and the 'new legalism'.
The law reforms are associated with changes in state strategies for the management of the mentally disordered, and the relationship between these reforms and changes, the state, structural conditions (e.g., shifts in economic policy), and human agency (e.g., the work of reformers) is explored through an analysis of the emergence of 'enhanced medicalization' in the 1950's/60's, and the rise of the 'new legalism' in the 1970's/80's. This includes a detailed case study of shifts in strategy and the process of law reform in the province of British Columbia. This component of the research involved an analysis of documentary and archival materials, and the structuralist theoretical trajectory within the neo-Marxist sociology of state and law is utilized to explain the changes.
Enhanced medicalization was an integral part of a strategy involving de-institutionalization, an abandonment of segregated confinement, and the use of community-based resources integrated with the health care component of a Keynesian, 'welfare state'. Institutions were seriously over-crowded, ineffective, expensive, and discredited, and the emergence of social assistance and other features of the welfare state enabled the development of alternatives. The conditions were favourable to the efforts of a group of reformers that was an auxiliary part of the state apparatus; namely, the Canadian Mental Health Association. The latter constructed a strategy and supporting legislation which advanced the interests of psychiatry and resolved the state's order maintenance and legitimation problems in a manner consistent with welfare state expansion.
Economic difficulties and changes which began to emerge in the 1970's created new problems for the state, and cost-stabilization and restraint measures were imposed throughout the politically sensitive health care field. The strategy for the management of the mentally disordered consequently shifted to, in particular, accelerated de-institutionalization aimed at hospital closure. In order to facilitate and legitimate the shift, the state has adopted reforms proposed by the patients' rights movement and, despite the objections of organized psychiatry, introduced legislation which limits the use of hospitals and erodes medical domination (i.e., the new legalism).
The contributions to the sociologies of social control, state and law are discussed and the convergence of these fields is identified. The implications for the neo-Marxist theoretical research programme are examined.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Faulkner, Amanda Ellen. "Do Variations in State Mandatory Child Abuse and Neglect Report Laws affect Report Rates among Medical Personnel?" Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/58.
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Each state and territory within the United States is required by the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act [42 U.S.C. 5101 et seq.] to maintain a mandatory suspected child abuse and neglect reporting law, requiring certain professionals who regularly see children to report any suspicions of child maltreatment to child protective services. It is well documented that mandatory reporters fail to report each case of suspected child maltreatment they witness. This study sought to determine whether differences in three specific variables within the mandatory report laws had an effect on the frequency with which medical personnel report suspected child abuse and neglect. The three variables analyzed were: definitional scope of emotional abuse; standard of knowledge required for a report; and severity of penalty imposed on those who knowingly fail to report cases of child abuse and neglect. Data was obtained from the Child Maltreatment 2006 annual report printed by the Health and Human Services Administration of Children, Youth and Families. Of the three variables assessed, only severity of penalty yielded a significant association with report rate. States with lower report rates were significantly more likely to have lenient penalties for failure to report compared with those who had report rates above the national average (O.R. = 5.0, 95% C.I. = 1.165-21.465). It is recommended that states consider increasing the severity of the sanctions enforced for failure to report suspected child abuse and neglect. Although standard of knowledge requirements were not significantly associated with report rates, the literature suggests that standardization of this portion of the mandatory report laws could improve report rates, particularly among physicians.
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Armstrong, Emily. "Women v. State: A Case Study of Laws and Rules’ Impact on Female Labor Migration within Nepal." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/914.
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This thesis investigates the relationship between gender and institutions within the context of Nepal’s labor migration. Labor migration is an important issue for Nepal’s economy as nearly 10% of the population works abroad (Sijapati, 2012). However, only 10% of these migrants are women, creating a gender imbalance. One reason for the large disparity between the number of female migrants and male migrants is explained by legal restraints and institutional factors. A potentially more potent reason for the lack of female migrants working abroad can be credited to gender roles and cultural values in Nepali society (Thieme, 2005). This thesis analyzes institutions’ role in labor migration and the relationship between institutions and female migrants.
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Danil, Linda Roland. "The Global War machine : the laws of war, state soldiers, private military and security contractors, and veterans." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12624/.
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This thesis examines and constructs a new narrative on the Global War on Terror through the theoretical lens of Deleuze and Guattari’s war machine, in order to demonstrate how certain ways of life are being privileged over others in the Middle East. The thesis sets out the ways in which such privileging is achieved through a range of practices that depend on particular workings of neoliberal capitalism, gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, law and military power. The analysis is spatio-temporally focused on the 2001 war in Afghanistan and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. A number of case-studies based around the GWOT in the Middle East, as well as case-studies based around PTSD, are analyzed through Foucauldian and feminist post-structuralist discourse analysis, discourse theory, and a Derridean deconstructive approach. Further, this thesis utilizes Foucault’s monster and Derrida’s werewolf as theoretical prisms as a means to conceptualize and articulate the gaps, fissures, and shortcomings of specific laws governing the resort to the use of force in international law (as subsumed under the laws of armed conflict), international humanitarian law, and more broadly, law and the Symbolic. In so doing, it examines the liminal and ambiguous legal positions of States with regards to the use of force, state soldiers and private and military contractors in armed conflicts, as well as beyond with veterans and post-traumatic stress disorder. In analyzing the specific laws governing the resort to the use of force and international humanitarian law, a unique three-stage analysis was applied. This analysis begins by with examining the political aspects of law-making and law interpretation, before addressing the inherent instability of language through différance and a deconstructive reading. The last stage of the analysis draws upon Lacanian psychoanalysis to provide an in-depth explanation of the fundamental gap not just in law, but in the Symbolic generally. This thesis therefore contributes to critical security studies, critical military studies, and critical legal theory.
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Jumare, Fadila. "Factors influencing utilization and adherence to Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS services in Rivers State, Nigeria." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31221.
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Effectiveness of services for Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) depends on viable and efficient health systems, adherence to and utilization of services. Despite strategies to provide access to PMTCT of HIV services, utilization of these services remain low in Nigeria thereby increasing child morbidity and mortality from HIV-related causes. Adherence to comprehensive HIV/AIDS care, for both the mother and baby, remain a challenge for HIV positive women. Utilizing the Health Belief Model and Social Support Theory, this qualitative study explores factors influencing utilization and adherence to PMTCT services by mothers living with HIV/AIDS in Rivers State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling procedures were used to select 40 study participants including 20 HIV positive mothers and 20 health care workers as key informants. Findings indicate that high self-perceived susceptibility to HIV influences utilization and adherence to PMTCT services among mothers living with HIV and AIDS in Rivers State. Although utilization and adherence to PMTCT were reported very high among this population, there were however challenges and barriers to optimal utilization of PMTCT. These include unavailability of test kits, antiretroviral medication stock-outs, and inadequate human resources for health. High transport, PMTCT and antenatal care costs were identified as the major socio-economic barriers to PMTCT administration as well as the high financial burden of formula feeding for women that preferred exclusive formula feeding. In addition to increased numbers of health care workers trained in PMTCT service delivery, recommendations for a public health approach to service delivery and a streamlined primary care strategy are proposed. These include social and community activities to address HIV/AIDS stigma, improving awareness of PMTCT facts, addressing gender relations and encouraging male participation. Inter-ministerial collaborations and targeted partnerships are also recommended for expanding coverage and ensuring optimal utilization of PMTCT services.
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Adolphus, Telima. "Investigation of school-based factors affecting the enrolment and attainment of senior secondary school physics students in Rivers State, Nigeria." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15562/.
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This study addresses the question what school-based factors influence enrolment and attainment in physics in the senior school certificate examinations in Rivers State, Nigeria? In Nigeria, low enrolment in physics is coupled with concerns about levels of attainment. One outcome of this situation is interest in effective teaching and learning in the subject in Nigeria. Purposive sampling was utilized to select 8 schools in high and low performing local government areas of Rivers State to ensure boys’, girls’ and co-educational schools were represented. All 14 physics teachers in the schools participated in the study, together with 248 physics students and 116 non-physics students. A mixed methods research design was adopted for the study. The research instruments comprised questionnaires for teachers and students, interviews, classroom observations and a Physics Attainment Test developed specifically for the study. Descriptive statistics and correlations were utilised for quantitative data analysis alongside qualitative data coding and analysis. The study found that teachers’ qualifications, resource availability and utilization and the teaching strategies that teachers adopt all significantly influence students’ physics enrolment and attainment. However, particularly for attainment, teachers’ years of teaching do not significantly influence student attainment. Also, there was no significant difference in the correlations of teacher and resource factors with attainment and enrolment by gender. The study proposes a number of recommendations. To boost students’ interest in physics, teachers need to present content in ways that connect physics ideas to the everyday experiences of students. Policy makers should consider making the study of science compulsory in all classes in secondary schools with the introduction of ‘science for arts’ for the non-science oriented students. Of particular importance is the need for a consistent and conscientious government policy to provide schools with qualified physics teachers and science laboratory facilities.
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Bash, Richard Meek. "Oregon's Carry Concealed Weapon Laws: A Historical Review of the Right to Personal Protection." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1136.
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This thesis reviews many of the historical, constitutional and legal factors behind today's gun control policy and how they relate to the laws governing the carrying of concealed firearms within the state of Oregon. Many legal cases are explored for their impact on the carriage of concealed weapons. A thorough examination was made of the Oregon legislative history behind HB 3470, sponsored by then-House Speaker Vera Katz, which was enacted in July 1989, was effective January 1, 1990, and became the kernel of the snowball passage of CCW (carry concealed weapon) laws within the United States. Statistical tests were conducted and revealed that the passage of the Oregon law did not result in an increased murder rate. The paper concludes by exploring the arguments raised against the concealed handgun licensing law in Oregon. These arguments are found to be both historically inaccurate and statistically inadequate.
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Davern, Timothy R. "The authority of the state over marriages of the baptized in light of the Second Vatican Council declaration Dignitatis humanae." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Myers, Lindsey P. "Do Status Politics or Racial Threat Theories Explain State-Level Variation in Medical Marijuana Laws? A Panel Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1308079395.
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McIntire, Jean. "State anti-smoking legislation and the demand for cigarettes." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1357151500.
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Crane, Shawn R. "The State, Federalism, non-state actors, and conflict : the Mexican drug war." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80059.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.Bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research study analyzes the Mexican drug war’s impact on the state’s federal political system of shared sovereignty. Transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) such as drug cartels have grown in strength due to shifting dynamics of the global drug trade. This growth in power, both in relation to the use of physical force and the influence over Mexican society, has challenged the state’s authority and monopoly of violence. After the inauguration of President Felipe Calderón in 2006, the government launched an all-in offensive, dedicating the entire state system to ridding the country of the drug cartels. Results of the offensive have been mixed and vary from area to area. However, trends indicate that the offensive has caused power vacuums and increased rivalry among the drug cartels. National homicide statistics show the government offensive has distorted the balance of power among the drug cartels, causing increased competition in an already hypercompetitive market. The majority of Mexico’s modern history consists of the era of single-party dominance, where the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) dominated the political system on both vertical and horizontal levels. The recent growth of federal executive power during Calderón’s administration has caused concern about whether the democratic progress made during the last decade could be reversed – returning the country back to former autocratic practices of governance. This reversal also involves the concentration of power in the center. For the last few decades, the country has been decentralizing its political system in accordance to federal principles laid down by its Constitution. The involvement of the military, a federal instrument of security that has in some cases taken over jurisdiction from state and local authorities, has been causing debate on whether the executive power is violating its constitutional limits of power. With this, the primary research question of this study uses theoretical concepts and is formulated thusly: How do violent non-state actors (VNSAs) impact federalism in Mexico? Mexico was chosen as a case study because of its growing struggle against the drug cartels, a sub-branch of non-state actors (NSAs). The Westphalian state order has changed dramatically with globalization, changing realities with regard to the use of physical violence. This is especially the case in reference to VNSAs, where the use of violence maintains an informal system of order. With the rise of the powerful drug cartels, a direct result of the global drug trade that hides in the shadows of globalization, Mexico’s case is not unique. Colombia struggled with a similar scenario during the 1980s and 1990s. However, the security situation in Mexico has proven to be constantly evolving and very intense during a time of political transition. This study shows that the federal executive branch of the Mexican government has not violated its constitutional limits of the use of power, although the Mexican Constitution of 1917 has proven to be vague in reference to the use of the military in peacetime. This vagueness could undermine regional sovereignty and federal principles laid down by the Constitution. The study also indicates that the increasing levels of violence are affecting the functionality of regional governance, as well as freedom of the press. Homicide statistics show that since the government launched its offensive in 2006, there has been a significant increase in assassinations targeting both mayors and journalists. Overall, there is no indication that the drug war has influenced federalism in Mexico. Rather, the drug war has exposed institutional weaknesses, causing increased demand for and investment in professionalizing state institutions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingstudie analiseer die impak van die Meksikaanse dwelmoorlog op Meksiko se federale politieke stelsel van gedeelde soewereiniteit. Transnasionale kriminele organisasies (TKO’s), byvoorbeeld dwelmkartelle, se mag het toegeneem as gevolg van die verskuiwende dinamika in globale dwelmhandel. Die staat se gesag en magsmonopolie word uitgedaag as gevolg van hierdie toename in mag, beide met betrekking tot die owerhede se gebruik van fisieke mag en hul gesag oor die Meksikaanse gemeenskap. Na die inhuldiging van president Felipe Calderón in 2006, het die regering ’n alles insluitende offensief van stapel gestuur om van die land se dwelmkartelle ontslae te probeer raak. Hierdie offensief toon wisselende vordering en die impak daarvan verskil van area tot area. Ten spyte van hierdie mate van vordering, het die offensief egter aanleiding gegee tot magsvakuums en ’n toename in wedywering tussen dwelmkartelle. Nasionale moordsyfers dui daarop dat hierdie regeringsoffensief die magsbalans tussen dwelmkartelle versteur het, wat gelei het tot ’n toename in kompetisie in ’n reeds uiters kompeterende mark. Meksiko se moderne geskiedenis bestaan hoofsaaklik uit ’n era van eenpartydominansie, waar die Institusionele Rewolusionêre Party (Institutional Revolutionary Party, IRP) die politieke stelsel op beide vertikale en horisontale vlak gedomineer het. Die onlangse opkoms van die federale uitvoerende mag tydens die Calderón-administrasie wek kommer dat die vordering wat in die laaste dekade gemaak is ten opsigte van demokratisering van die politieke stelsel, omvergewerp sal word en dat Meksiko die gevaar sal loop om terug te keer na sy voormalige outokratiese en gesentraliseerde regeerpraktyke. Oor die afgelope paar dekades het die land juis pogings aangewend om sy politieke stelsel te desentraliseer na aanleiding van federale beginsels soos neergelê in die grondwet. Die weermag – ’n federale instrument vir sekuriteit – het alreeds op sekere plekke jurisdiksie by staats- en plaaslike owerhede oorgeneem. Dit het gelei tot debatte oor of die uitvoerende mag sy grondwetlike magsbeperkinge oorskry. Na aanleiding van Meksiko se huidige politieke situasie, asook teoretiese konsepte soos die staat, federalisme, nie-staatsakteurs en globale dwelmhandel, word die primêre navorsingsvraag vir hierdie studie soos volg geformuleer: Hoe beïnvloed gewelddadige nie-staatsakteurs federalisme in Meksiko? Om hierdie vraag te beantwoord, word daar gebruik gemaak van sekondêre bronne, (beperkte) insig oor die dwelmkartelle se handelspraktyke en ’n ondersoek na die linguistiese beperkinge op die gebruik van amptelike Meksikaanse regeringspublikasies. Meksiko is as gevallestudie vir hierdie navorsingsprojek gekies vanweë die land se toenemende stryd teen dwelmkartelle, ’n subvertakking van nie-staatsakteurs. Die Westfaalse staatsorde wat eeue lank die wettige gebruik van fisieke geweld beheer het, het dramaties verander met die opkoms van globalisering. Dit is veral die geval by gewelddadige nie-staatsakteurs, waar die gebruik van geweld tans ’n informele stelsel van orde handhaaf. Die opkoms van Meksiko se magtige dwelmkartelle, ’n direkte gevolg van globale dwelmhandel (wat in die skadu van globalisering skuil), is egter nie enig in sy soort nie. Alhoewel Colombië byvoorbeeld in die 1980’s en 1990’s ’n soortgelyke probleem ondervind het, het die sekuriteitstoestand in Meksiko getoon dat dit steeds ontwikkelend van aard en hewig ten tye van politieke oorgang is, wat dit toepaslik vir hierdie studie maak. Die gevolgtrekking waartoe daar in hierdie studie gekom word, is dat die federale uitvoerende tak van die Meksikaanse regering tot dusver nie sy grondwetlike beperkinge ten opsigte van die uitoefening van mag oorskry het nie. Die Meksikaanse grondwet van 1917 is egter vaag oor die weermag se bevoegdheid om gesag af te dwing tydens vredestye. Hierdie vaagheid kan moontlik die streeksoewereiniteit en federale beginsels wat deur die grondwet verskans word, ondermyn. Daar is ook bepaal dat die toenemende geweld sowel die funksionaliteit van die streeksregering as die vryheid van die pers, beïnvloed. Moordsyfers in Meksiko dui daarop dat daar sedert 2006 ’n beduidende toename in sluipmoordaanvalle op burgemeesters en joernaliste was. Alles in ag genome, is daar egter geen aanduiding daarvan dat die dwelmoorlog wel federalisme in Meksiko geraak het nie. Die impak wat dit wel gemaak het, is om institusionele swakheid in die regering te openbaar, wat tot ’n toename in die aanvraag na en investering in die professionalisering van staatsinstellings gelei het.
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Al-Salim, Taha Hussein. "A comparative application of flood routing models on the rivers Wear and Tees with special reference to the state variable model." Thesis, Durham University, 1995. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5126/.
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An analysis of a number of flood routing methods has been carried out in this study. These methods are namely, the Muskingum-Cunge Method, the Variable Parameter Diffusion Method, the State Variable Kinematic Wave Model, and the state variable modelling of nonlinear Muskingum Model. The Muskingum-Cunge and Variable Parameter Diffusion Methods are recommended for use on British Rivers by the Natural Environment Research Council flood studies report, 1975.In using numerical flood routing model, it is very important to calculate the model parameters. For instance storage routing models require a suitable form of storage-discharge relationship. Past flow records were used for the above calculation. The state Variable Kinematic Wave Model has been applied for routing the flood hydrograph through river reaches. The stage and discharge are computed by a kinematic wave routing technique using the state variable approach in which the one-dimensional differential equations of unsteady flow are solved by state and output equations of the state variable model. The nonlinear Muskingum equation has been solved using the state variable modelling technique. Two parameter estimation techniques namely, Hooke-Jeeves and linear regression, are employed for the calibration of the nonlinear Muskingum model parameters (a, x, and m).The applicability of the flood routing model computer programs to different flood events of different seasons for reaches of both the Rivers Wear and Tees is demonstrated. Discriptions of the geology and hydrological data for reaches of both the Rivers Wear and Tees are given in this study. The computed and observed hydrographs of flood routing models used in this study are compared.
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Poi, Godwin. "Aligning policy goals and outcomes in developing human capital : a case study of the Rivers State of Nigeria overseas scholarships programme." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/8783.
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Developing countries often use government-funded overseas scholarships to build some of their human capital abroad in order to fill skills gaps at home. Most of these developed skills however do not return home thereby ostensibly defeating the purpose of the programmes. There is also a dearth of quantifiable outcome targets to objectively assess the achievements of these schemes. The Rivers State government of Nigeria set up one such government-funded overseas scholarships programme in 2008. This study is an empirical assessment of the relative success of the Rivers State overseas scholarships programme. The study examines the extent to which the outcomes were aligned with its policy goals. Five research objectives and seven hypotheses were postulated for the study. The population was the 1,298 students who had travelled abroad to study and should have graduated and returned by 2015. It adopted a quantitative research approach using descriptive statistics and binary outcome regression techniques on secondary data. The study found that 89% (1,152) of the 1,298 had successfully graduated and 37% (485) had graduated and returned home. Age, successful graduation, immigration policy and level of award were statistically significant predictors of their likelihood to return home. The study concludes that the programme was relatively successful in developing the human capital of the individual students of Rivers State but not too successful in developing human capital for the State because majority of the students did not return home to add to the manpower pool. It recommends the continuation of the programme but that policy goals should be quantified as key success factors and the successfully graduated students should be incentivised to return home through creation of job opportunities at home and signing return home agreements with study destination countries. These measures should engender the chances of developing human capital for Rivers State.
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Sina, Julie A. "An historical case study of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in loco parentis." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49935.
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This study was designed to identify the unique shaping of the university/student relationship through the lens of the in loco parentis concept. The questions asked were to what extent has in loco parentis defined the relationship of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and its students through the institution's history as framed by: (a) the institution's mission, (b) university governance, (c) the definition of in loco parentis, and (d) institutional culture? Has in loco parentis found its sustenance at this institution through legal or cultural justification, or both?
Qualitative case study methodology was utilized to examine in loco parentis within four time periods: (a) Shaping of a Land Grant University, 1891-1907, (b) Expansion of VPI Post World War II, 1945-1955, (c) Establishing the University, 1945-1955, and (d) Framing the Present, 1988- 1992.
The research concluded that in loco parentis was historically grounded in the legal interpretation provided by the court. In loco parentis was sustained within this study by the culture of one particular land grant university grounded in its original charge of structuring a military lifestyle.
The legal system provided a steady and constant external sustenance of in loco parentis and the institutional culture provided internal justification for in loco parentis as demonstrated within the history and tradition of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Each time period studied provided a view of the University that defined its role to its students in place of parent under the dominant influence of presidential leadership.Ph. D.
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