Journal articles: 'Layout building'

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Jiang, Yingjie, Changguang Wu, and Mingjun Teng. "Impact of Residential Building Layouts on Microclimate in a High Temperature and High Humidity Region." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 2, 2020): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031046.

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Microclimatic condition is a fundamental indicator for evaluating outdoor space livability and vitality. Research has shown that poorly designed building layouts can lead to discomfort; however, the mechanisms influencing outdoor microclimate based on residential building layout are unclear for high temperature and high humidity regions. This study explores the relationship between residential building layouts and the outdoor wind and thermal environment at the pedestrian level in Wuhan, a city renowned for high temperatures and high humidity. Six typical residential building layouts were simulated, using the ENVI-met numerical model, to determine the spatial distribution of wind speed and air temperature. The Universal Thermal Climate Index was adopted as a comprehensive index with which to assess spatial and diurnal variations in microclimates surrounding each building layout. Results showed that parallel building layouts formed a ventilation corridor that increased wind speeds by approximately 0.3 m/s. A staggered building layout, in line with the prevailing wind direction, facilitated airflow in the ventilation corridor and further increased wind speeds. Windward buildings blocked high-temperature airflows and reduced air temperatures by approximately 1 ℃ in parallel layouts, and 1.4 ℃ in enclosed layouts. However, the cooling effect of windward buildings on high-temperature airflow was weaker than the warming effect caused by the wind shadow effect and direct sunlight. Additionally, the performance of the thermal comfort of the enclosed type layout was significantly better, for most of the day, than the parallel type layout.

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Du, Tiantian, Sabine Jansen, Michela Turrin, and Andy van den Dobbelsteen. "Impact of space layout on energy performance of office buildings coupling daylight with thermal simulation." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103077.

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Space layout design is one of the most important phases in architectural design, and current studies have shown that it can affect building energy performance. However, its influence has not been quantified. This paper aims at investigating the impact of space layouts on building energy performance. We use the floor plan of an office building in the Netherlands as reference, and propose eleven space layouts based on the reference. Calculations are performed with the tools Honeybee and Ladybug in Grasshopper, which are developed based on Daysim and EnergyPlus, to simulate lighting, cooling and heating demand of these layouts. In addition, we couple daylight with thermal simulation, by importing the artificial lighting schedule calculated in Daysim to EnergyPlus. The result shows that the heating demand of the worst layout is 12% higher than the best layout, the cooling demand of the worst layout is 10% higher than the best layout, and the lighting demand of the worst layout is 65% higher than the best layout. The total final energy use of the worst layout is 19% higher than the best layout.

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Alahmed, Sohaib Rashid Sulaiman, and Qingping Zou. "MODELLING URBAN COASTAL FLOODING THROUGH 2-D ARRAY OF BUILDINGS USING SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.structures.37.

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A Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used to investigate the flood characteristics occurring in an idealized city with two different building layouts: aligned layout and 22.5o skewed layout with respect to the direction of the incoming flow. The model results show that the water elevation is higher for the skewed city layout than that for the aligned city layout. The force due to the flood impact on the majority of buildings tend to be higher for the former than that for the latter. The complex flow features including a hydraulic jump during the flooding event are well captured by the SPH model.

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Hong, Xiaowei, Guangjin Zhang, and Yufeng Zhang. "The effects of building layouts and envelope on indoor thermal environment of Hui style traditional buildings in Wuyuan." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019405013.

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Indoor thermal environment of Hui style traditional houses is depended on surrounding environments, building layouts and envelope. Quantitative analysis of the effects of building layouts and envelope on indoor thermal environment is of great significance for preventions of traditional houses and design of new archaized houses. A field investigation was conducted on thirty-six traditional houses from nine villages in Wuyuan, and the typical buildings’ layout and envelope were determined. Four traditional buildings in different location in Wuyuan were selected for continual recording. The four buildings with four types of building layouts and envelope were analyzed by using local adaptive thermal comfort model, and the effects of building layouts and envelope of traditional buildings were clearly revealed. The most crucial way to improve indoor thermal environment in Hui style traditional buildings was raising the indoor air temperature.

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Kim, Taehoon, Hyunsu Lim, Ung-Kyun Lee, Minsoo Cha, Hunhee Cho, and Kyung-In Kang. "Advanced formwork method integrated with a layout planning model for tall building construction." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 39, no. 11 (November 2012): 1173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l2012-104.

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Recent increases in the number of irregularly shaped tall buildings have created a need for more applicable formwork methods and automated support for formwork layout planning, which has mainly depended on heuristic approaches based on the intuitive judgment of experienced engineers. This study proposes a new table formwork method integrated with a systematic layout planning approach for tall building construction. Adjustable subunits of the formwork cope with diverse building shapes and the software-based mathematical model helps practitioners make useful layouts for the method with minimal time and effort. In a case study, the proposed layout planning model offered lower costs and improved work efficiency in less time than the heuristic approach. Supported by the planning model, our advanced formwork method showed a 15.5% increase in covered area of irregularly shaped building floors and a 23.9% decrease in material costs compared with existing table formwork methods.

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Wu, Kang Li, I. An Hung, and Hsien Te Lin. "Application of CFD Simulations in Studying Outdoor Wind Environment in Different Community Building Layouts and Open Space Designs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 2317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.2317.

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This study explored the ventilation conditions of community atriums for selected housing prototypes in Tainan City, Taiwan. Employing field surveys and CFD simulations, the atrium ventilation of the selected housing building layouts were studied and compared. Through the CFD simulation using the common wind direction in the autumn of the study region, this study found that among the four community building layouts selected, the atrium space of the double-side opening townhouse building layout has the best outdoor ventilation. In addition, the study also revealed that when the arrangement of the building layout and the openings of the atrium are coordinated with the local wind environment, the outdoor ventilation will be significantly improved. Finally, this paper provides suggestions for building layouts and the design of community open space in order to enhances the ventilation of community atrium and its user comfort.

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Temuçin, Melek B., İlker Kocabaş, and Kaya Oğuz. "Using Cellular Automata as a Basis for Procedural Generation of Organic Cities." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 12 (December 28, 2020): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2293.

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Procedural content generation (PCG) methods are commonly employed in computer games, simulations, and other related industries. While these methods are used for levels, terrains, stories and missions, their usage for procedural city generation is relatively rare because cities are heterogeneous structures with different components such as roads, layouts and buildings that depend on and affect each other. Additionally, ancient cities grew organically to areas that are safe and to those that provide food and water. This resulted in cities that do not have apparent regular patterns, such as rectangular building blocks. We propose an approach that uses cellular automata (CA) that generates clusters of areas. The CA is repeated for each cluster to hierarchically create different levels of the city. This procedure creates an organic city layout with fractal properties. The layout specifies the building blocks, main roads, and foliage. We also present a set of methods that can transform this layout into a three-dimensional model of the city. The results are promising; cities can be created in under a minute with minimal required input, and the resulting virtual city looks organic, rather than an algorithmic layout that has repeating patterns.

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Ying, Xiaoyu, Yanling Wang, Wenzhe Li, Ziqiao Liu, and Grace Ding. "Group Layout Pattern and Outdoor Wind Environment of Enclosed Office Buildings in Hangzhou." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020406.

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This paper presents a study of the effects of wind-induced airflow through the urban built layout pattern using statistical analysis. This study investigates the association between typically enclosed office building layout patterns and the wind environment. First of all, this study establishes an ideal site model of 200 m × 200 m and obtains four typical multi-story enclosed office building group layouts, namely the multi-yard parallel opening, the multi-yard returning shape opening, the overall courtyard parallel opening, and the overall courtyard returning shape opening. Then, the natural ventilation performance of different building morphologies is further evaluated via the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software Phoenics. This study compares wind speed distribution at an outdoor pedestrian height (1.5 m). Finally, the natural ventilation performance corresponding to the four layout forms is obtained, which showed that the outdoor wind environment of the multi-yard type is more comfortable than the overall courtyard type, and the degree of enclosure of the building group is related to the advantages and disadvantages of the outdoor wind environment. The quantitative relevance between building layout and wind environment is examined, according to which the results of an ameliorated layout proposal are presented and assessed by Phoenics. This research could provide a method to create a livable urban wind environment.

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Chen, Lin-Wei, and Chih-Ming Shih. "The Public Nature of High-Rise Buildings in Taiwan." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 27, no. 2 (January 1, 2009): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d3306.

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The public nature of a high-rise building can be understood in two ways. Visually, it is an expression of architectural imagery. Physically, it is a layout of attached public spaces in which people can interact. Recently, high-rise buildings in Taiwan have grown in terms of their aesthetics as well as their height. With the aid of a survey of the aesthetics and layouts of high-rise buildings in Taiwan, the symbolic representation and public nature of high-rise buildings are examined. In addition, the Taipei 101 International Financial Centre is illustrated to show that high-rise building in Asia is moving away from a focus on construction technology and building style toward concern with architectural imagery and cultural identification which emphasise autonomous cultural representation.

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Ma, Guofeng, Yuqi Wang, and Shan Jiang. "Optimization of Building Exit Layout: Combining Exit Decisions of Evacuees." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 2, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6622661.

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Exits are essential to the efficiency of building evacuation due to its irreplaceable function, and the layout of multiple exits has always been the key concern for architectural design. To accurately evaluate the evacuation efficiency of different multiexit layouts and optimize the design rules, a dynamic exit decision model integrating an exit selection strategy and the social force model is developed to simulate the practical evacuation. And our proposed model outperforms the original social force model in terms of evacuation efficiency. Accordingly, different layouts are analyzed for evacuation in a single room with two exits. The analysis results reveal that evacuation time will be improved with the changes of exit locations and two parallel exits are validated as the most efficient layout among the three common categories. Affected by walking time and queuing time of evacuees, it is not conducive to evacuation whether the separation of two exits is too large or too small. Furthermore, an even symmetry is found more efficient than an asymmetric distribution of exits under some conditions. This work provides a basis for architectural designs of multiple exits and a foundation for further study of evacuation simulation.

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De Luca, Francesco, Hendrik Voll, and Martin Thalfeldt. "Horizontal or vertical? Windows’ layout selection for shading devices optimization." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 27, no. 6 (September 12, 2016): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2015-0102.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to constitute an efficient way to improve energy efficiency and occupants comfort in buildings through reduction of direct solar heat gains by exterior shading devices. The shadings orientation and layout depends on the building location and façade orientation, and influence consequently the windows layout. It is still debated which type of window layout is preferable for a specific building location and façade orientation. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a method to determine the most efficient windows’ layout, horizontal or vertical, for shading devices optimization by mean of integrating energy simulations and computational design. A parametric model has been built by visual programming language to simulate, iterate and compare the results. Findings The research shows the most efficient layouts of windows to be shaded for three latitudes and locations, and the 16 cardinal directions, to be used by architects and designers. The results show a significant prevalence of the horizontal window type on the south façades but also on the east and west orientations for all the three locations, while the rules of thumb would suggest the vertical layout for the sunrise and sunset façades. Originality/value The task of designing exterior shading devices presents two main issues: the shading period selection and the method of calculating its size and shape. The present research uses the innovative method Shaderade that existing literature demonstrates superior comparing other more dated like the section method and the solar vectors one.

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Wahyuningrum, Sri Hartuti, and Mustika K. Wardhani. "EFFICIENCY OF INPATIENT LAYOUT IN PRIVATE HOSPITAL (Case Study: Bhakti Asih Hospital, Brebes Central Java)." MODUL 20, no. 01 (March 29, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mdl.20.01.2020.1-9.

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In the context of hospital building, inpatient care has large portion in comparasion of the other facility areas within hospitals related to efficiency, such as outpatient services, emergency room, diagnostic and especially inpatient function group services. Even though inpatient care group do not have specific requirements for detailed design and building equipment, it requires efficiency considerations related to correlation with room layout. It is expected that by considering the level of efficiency of service to patients, design can fulfill technical requirements of health and medical aspects. Regarding designs for district-level private hospitals, demand optimization of placement and layout of inpatient care became main topic in this research. This is related to the value of investment in building area development and types of services provided according to inpatient services class. The method used is comparative study of two (2) private hospital design to find the mind factors that most influence of optimization of inpatient layout. The results of study can be used as a guide in architectural design process for designing hospital buildings especially related to design efficiency of inpatient layout so that the building can function sustainability because of optimal service.

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Voll, Hendrik, Martin Thalfeldt, Francesco De Luca, Jarek Kurnitski, and Timo Olesk. "Urban planning principles of nearly zero-energy residential buildings in Estonia." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 27, no. 6 (September 12, 2016): 634–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2015-0101.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a scientific method to evaluate possible urban layouts of a test building integrating building regulations, natural light standard and energy requirements to achieve nearly zero-energy buildings in Estonia. The integration of building regulations, energy requirements and natural light standards is crucial to evaluate the incidence of the surrounding environment when analyzing the energy performance of buildings. Design/methodology/approach The paper investigates the variations of the energy consumption of a model building with different orientations and variable urban surroundings configurations for the latitude of Tallinn. The different urban configurations are due to combinations of the different building requirements of fire safety, daylighting and insolation hours that in Estonia affect the layout of residential districts, thus influencing significantly the potential consumption of buildings. Different layouts of surrounding buildings have been chosen all guaranteeing at different degrees the fulfillment of the building requirements for the test building and energy simulations have been run to find the urban layouts that guarantee best performances. Findings The outcomes show that the test building interior temperatures and energy performances vary significantly in the different urban planning configurations and for the different orientations, underlining that is strongly recommended to run always energy simulation of building considering their surrounding environment. The conclusions show the principles to integrate the building regulations to achieve nearly zero-energy districts that significantly can improve life quality in the urban environment. Originality/value The paper analyze the energy efficiency of buildings with different features and orientations simulating their possible urban environment layouts given by building regulations, and not isolated or as built in “an open field” like most of the existing literature in the field.

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Xie, Zhen Yu, Nan Zheng, and Chen Hua Wang. "Study on Ecological Design of Layout of Air Yard of High-Rise Building." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 3106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.3106.

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The high-rise buildings are far away from the earth’s surface. The design of air yards has a great influence on creating natural, humanized buildings and enhancing the interior space. However, it goes against the goal of ecological energy-saving that the space of high-rise building is relatively closed and its environment is always simulated. By analyzing air yard’s layout in high-rises, this document compares the climate conditions and the quality of internal environment at different locations. This document also compares the influence that various compositions of more than one air courtyards could have on high-rise building’s light and wind environment. At last, the document try to put forward principles and strategies to arrange the air yards in a high-rise building ecologically in different climate.

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Su, Dong Bin, Zhi Yong Nie, and Jing Yong Huang. "The Facade Style Research about Renovation of Public Building in City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.114.

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In today’s China, with the development of economy, the urban construction is also very rapid. However, the high speed development has also created many problems. For example, the urban public building layout is unreasonable, the quality of public building is not high. Therefore, many public buildings will be a state of being removed. In order to lengthen the building’s life, Renovation of the building became the topic which the society pays attention together. The renovation of the building has many ways, Transform the building’s facade can change effectively the building’s image and the cost is low. Therefore this article sets up urban public building’s facade transformation to take the research aim, and put the focus to the architectural style.

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Iringová, Agnes, and Dominika Vandličková. "Restorations of Historic Buildings Considering the Fire Safety in Model Solutions." Key Engineering Materials 808 (June 2019): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.808.145.

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The paper deals with the theoretical analysis of physical, structural, and layout determinants affecting the design and restoration of historic buildings in terms of fire safety. Legislative requirements for fire safety of historic buildings in the Slovak Republic. Definition of the construction and layout limits in architectural solutions in model buildings in terms of optimizing the original function within the valid legislation. Construction possibilities considering the protection of building elements at higher fire load and layout changes in structures built to the original trusses.

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Ferrucci, Margherita, and Maurizio Brocato. "Parametric analysis of the wind-driven ventilation potential of buildings with rectangular layout." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 40, no. 1 (September 24, 2018): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418803065.

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A method to evaluate the wind-driven ventilation potential of buildings is proposed and some schematic examples are given. Two indicators of such potential are put forward: the first concerning the pressure difference between spots (openings) on the facades and the second concerning the ratio between this pressure difference and a simplified measure of the pressure loss by the internal air flow. These indicators allow one to compare shapes and orientations and can help finding the most appropriate ones during a preliminary stage of the design of a naturally ventilated building. To present the proposal, a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics parametric model of a schematic building is set, the parameters of which are the aspect ratio of the building's rectangular plan and the wind relative direction. The computational fluid dynamics simulations are supported by literature benchmarks and by qualitative experiments in a wind tunnel. Using this model, the pressure field is computed for 66 cases and their ventilation potentials are evaluated; some graphic outputs are then proposed for a preliminary understanding of the pressure field and of the resulting indicators. The optimal morphology given by such analyses is finally compared to that of some naturally ventilated existing buildings, including Iranian badgir towers. Practical application: This paper provides graphs to predict a building's potential for natural ventilation thereby enabling a designer to determine the wind-driven ventilation in a building and evaluate the structure, optimise its orientation, its aspect ratio and opening positions. These can be used, for example, in the evaluation of naturally ventilated multi-storey rectangular plan buildings (that might employ hyper-ventilation or night cooling) or to evaluate possible passive ventilation strategies for existing buildings. With the support of these graphs, which can be used as computationally inexpensive and fast decision tools, it is possible to simulate configurations, considering the parameters that most influence natural ventilation.

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Dang, Yu, GenXiong Zhao, HongTu Tian, and Guobao Li. "Two-Stage Optimization Method for the Bearing Layout of Isolated Structure." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (February 15, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4895176.

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Design of seismic isolated building is often a highly iterative and tedious process due to the nonlinear behavior of the system, a large range of design parameters, and uncertainty of ground motions. It is needed to consider a comprehensive optimization procedure in the design of isolated buildings with optimized performances. This can be accomplished by applying a rigorous optimization technique. However, due to many factors affecting the performance of isolated buildings, possible solutions are abundant, and the optimal solution is difficult to obtain. In order to simplify the optimization process, an isolated building is always modeled as a shear-type structure supported on the isolated layer, and the optimal results are the parameters of the isolated layer which could not be used as a practical design of the isolated structure. A two-stage optimization method for designing isolated buildings as a practical and efficient guide is developed. In the first stage, a 3D isolated building model is adopted that takes into account of nonlinear behavior in building and isolation devices. The isolation devices are simplified as a kind of lead-rubber bearing. The genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal parameters of the isolated layer. In the second stage, the location parameters of isolation bearing layout are optimized. Moreover, the cost of the isolation bearing layout should be as low as possible. An integer programming method is adopted to optimize the number of each type of isolator. Considering vertical bearing capacity of isolators and the minimum eccentricity ratio of the isolated layer, the optimal bearing layout of the isolated building can be obtained. The proposed method is demonstrated in a typical isolated building in China. The optimum bearing layout of the isolated building effectively suppresses the structural seismic responses, but the cost of the isolated layer might slightly increase.

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Kozlovská, Mária, Jozef Čabala, and Zuzana Struková. "The Methodology of Interactive Parametric Modelling of Construction Site Facilities in BIM Environment." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2014): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sspjce-2014-0019.

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Abstract Information technology is becoming a strong tool in different industries, including construction. The recent trend of buildings designing is leading up to creation of the most comprehensive virtual building model (Building Information Model) in order to solve all the problems relating to the project as early as in the designing phase. Building information modelling is a new way of approaching to the design of building projects documentation. Currently, the building site layout as a part of the building design documents has a very little support in the BIM environment. Recently, the research of designing the construction process conditions has centred on improvement of general practice in planning and on new approaches to construction site layout planning. The state of art in field of designing the construction process conditions indicated an unexplored problem related to connection of knowledge system with construction site facilities (CSF) layout through interactive modelling. The goal of the paper is to present the methodology for execution of 3D construction site facility allocation model (3D CSF-IAM), based on principles of parametric and interactive modelling.

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Lau, Wai Kin, and Daniel Chi Wing Ho. "Open Building Implementation In High-Rise Residential Buildings In Hong Kong." Open House International 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2011-b0004.

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Aging of building stock is emerging. Open Building as a sustainable approach to deal with the problems associated with the aging housing stock is seldom applied in high-rise, densely populated built environment. With aims to identify the constraints and seek rooms for Open Building implementation in aforementioned context, a survey of 495 building layout plans from ten major housing estates in Hong Kong is conducted. The floor plans are analysed against the Open Building characteristics and criteria laid down by Tiuri (1998). Facts and obstacles of achieving Open Building in the territory are unearthed, and opportunities for implementation are then discussed. The layout and structure of the surveyed private residential buildings in Hong Kong are very much alike. They are in fact closed buildings without the capacity to adapt, so any change in user requirements cannot be accommodated easily. Implementing Open Building using flexible and green fittings remains a viable option that enables transformation in existing housing stock.

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Chklovskii, Dmitri B. "Exact Solution for the Optimal Neuronal Layout Problem." Neural Computation 16, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 2067–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0899766041732422.

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Evolution perfected brain design by maximizing its functionality while minimizing costs associated with building and maintaining it. Assumption that brain functionality is specified by neuronal connectivity, implemented by costly biological wiring, leads to the following optimal design problem. For a given neuronal connectivity, find a spatial layout of neurons that minimizes the wiring cost. Unfortunately, this problem is difficult to solve because the number of possible layouts is often astronomically large. We argue that the wiring cost may scale as wire length squared, reducing the optimal layout problem to a constrained minimization of a quadratic form. For biologically plausible constraints, this problem has exact analytical solutions, which give reasonable approximations to actual layouts in the brain. These solutions make the inverse problem of inferring neuronal connectivity from neuronal layout more tractable.

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Wu, Wenming, Lubin Fan, Ligang Liu, and Peter Wonka. "MIQP-based Layout Design for Building Interiors." Computer Graphics Forum 37, no. 2 (May 2018): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13380.

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Adinoyi, Ayo Samuel, Normah Mohd-Ghazali, and Shuhaimi Mansor. "Impact of Adjacent Building on Outdoor Ventilation around a Layout of Two Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 819 (January 2016): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.250.

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The outdoor air ventilation impact of a taller building in different configurations of a layout of two adjacent buildings is presented in this paper. The critical parameters investigated are the separation distance (S) between the buildings and the ratio of height of downwind building to that of the building upwind, herein referred to as building height ratio (HR). The aim is to explore intermediate spacing distances which may engender acceptable ventilation around the buildings. A three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulation employing the Computational Fluid Dynamics technique which adopts the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equation and the realizable k-ε turbulence model was used to study the turbulent flow field around the full-scale two-building configurations. Results show that velocity ratio generally increases with height ratio, indicating that more air motion is induced at the pedestrian level as the height of the downwind building increases. For each of the height ratios, there is a spacing distance at which the velocity ratio is highest. The spacing distances at which the maximum velocity ratio occurs for the various height ratios are proposed. The dimensionless air exchange rate generally increases with height ratio, indicating that greater quantity of air from within the cavity between the buildings is exchanged with air from outside the cavity, which should result in better air quality. The findings of the study demonstrate the importance of incorporating wind data of an urban area in formulating guidelines for layout of buildings.

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Kalia, Amy A., Gordon E. Legge, and Nicholas A. Giudice. "Learning Building Layouts with Non-Geometric Visual Information: The Effects of Visual Impairment and Age." Perception 37, no. 11 (January 1, 2008): 1677–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5915.

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Previous studies suggest that humans rely on geometric visual information (hallway structure) rather than non-geometric visual information (eg doors, signs, and lighting) for acquiring cognitive maps of novel indoor layouts. In this study we asked whether visual impairment and age affect reliance on non-geometric visual information for layout learning. We tested three groups of participants—younger (<50 years of age) normally sighted; older (50–70 years of age) normally sighted; and low-vision (people with heterogeneous forms of visual impairment ranging in age from 18 to 67 years). Participants learned target locations in building layouts using four presentation modes: a desktop virtual environment (VE) displaying only geometric cues (sparse VE); a VE displaying both geometric and non-geometric cues (photorealistic VE); a map; and a real building. Layout knowledge was assessed by map drawing and by asking participants to walk to specified targets in the real space. Results indicate that low-vision and older normally sighted participants relied on additional non-geometric information to accurately learn layouts. In conclusion, visual impairment and age may result in reduced perceptual and/or memory processing that makes it difficult to learn layouts without non-geometric visual information.

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Babangida, Hamza. "EXPOUNDING PROPHETIC BUILDING PRINCIPLES ON THE SITE LAYOUT RE-DESIGN OF CONTEMPORARY RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBORHOODS." Journal of Islamic Architecture 5, no. 4 (December 21, 2019): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v5i4.6341.

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The prophetic building principles (PBP) in this paper refer to building precedents in which the prophet of Islam applied in the construction of various building typologies. This paper went a step further to demonstrate how they could be expounded in the site layout designs of contemporary housing neighborhoods to achieve a satisfactory environment for Muslims. A triangulation of literature search and case study methods were adopted as the guiding methodology. The case study was used to demonstrate how the PBP was expounded in the redesign of the site layout of the Sardauna housing estate in Katsina. The first PBP expounded in the redesign results in the introduction of Friday mosque, daily prayer mosques, and educational institutions, while the second was achieved through overall redesign of the initial layout from the gridiron to the cluster layout concept. The third PBP of promoting a classless community was achieved by placing residents of different socioeconomic status together within a cluster. The last PBP has affected the management of the ecosystem. It was achieved through the provision of multiple sources of water to sustain wildlife and plants, provision of additional walkways, reduced walking distances, and reduced tarred roads. This study shows that contemporary site layouts of residential neighborhoods could be designed in line with Islamic values and yet achieves universally acceptable design criteria.

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Wang, Cynthia Changxin, Samad M. E. Sepasgozar, Mudan Wang, Jun Sun, and Xin Ning. "Green Performance Evaluation System for Energy-Efficiency-Based Planning for Construction Site Layout." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 5, 2019): 4620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244620.

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The location of temporary facilities in a construction project and the entire site layout plan directly affect project objectives such as time, labor cost, and material transportation and handling. The layout of construction sites also affects entrainment factors such as energy consumption, carbon footprints, and overall construction operation productivity. While site layout planning has been intensively investigated from a project objectives perspective, there have been very few studies of energy-efficiency-based planning, or of the sustainability performance of site layouts. This study developed a green performance evaluation system aimed at improving the sustainability of construction site layouts. The identified factors include six sustainable evaluation categories covering energy conservation and environmental protection, people-oriented principles, construction efficiency, intensity of economic growth, intensity of space use, and the overall control of process. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was adopted to determine the weight of each attribute and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was established to carry out the evaluation. The 23 attributes adopted in this paper were identified in the literature; however, the major contribution of this paper is the development of a green performance evaluation system. This system integrates both qualitative and quantitative attributes and provides an overall evaluation of the environmental effectiveness of a construction site layout. The proposed evaluation system was validated with a commercial building project. The average utilization ratio of the case study site was calculated as 94%, and lessons learned are discussed in this paper. The case study analysis identified available site spaces around the building and examined how the arrangement of resources and facilities ensures effective connection between construction activities. The findings showed that the facility’s layout plays a crucial role in energy consumption and green performance. The proposed system will support construction project managers to create high-performance construction site layouts in more scientific and systematic ways.

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Ronarizkia, Adita, Lisa Dwi Wulandari, and Yusfan Adeputera Yusran. "The effect of the furniture industry towards the layout pattern of business house space in the Jorongan Village, Probolinggo." ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v6i2.701.

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Jorongan Village is as an area designated as the Furniture Industry Center of Probolingggo Regency, thereby leading to changes in some houses functionality from residential to business. This certainly changes the internal and external layout of the houses used for furniture business. The purpose of this research is to identify the spatial layout pattern of business houses in the furniture industrial center area of Probolinggo Regency. This research was carried out with the behavior mapping approach used to describe the existing space in each furniture business house. Therefore, based on the analysis results, there are four patterns of business function space layout, the first, second, and third are located at the front, side and partially inside the building, while the other part is located in the side. Furthermore, the pattern with part of the business function space is located inside the building, and partly outside the front and side of the house. The result showed that three houses had irregular patterns with different layouts from other businesses.

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Ha-Sung Kong, Chang-Jun Choi,. "A Study on the Optimization of High School Buildings for Evacuation Safety: Classroom Layout and Ramps in Korea." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 5 (April 11, 2021): 358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i5.961.

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This study used the Pathfinder program to evaluate evacuation safety by assuming evacuation training in high school buildings and changing classroom layout. Analysis of the final evacuation requirements for Scenario 2, which currently has a concentration of classrooms on the third floor of the building, showed that Scenario 2 reduced 29.6 seconds to 173.9 seconds compared to Scenario 1's 203.5 seconds. However, the analysis of Scenario 3, in which 10 classrooms and personnel of three grades were placed equally on the left and right sides of the building, showed that the final evacuation requirements were reduced 3.9 seconds to 170.0 seconds compared to Scenario 2, but there was no significant difference. Scenario 3, which has more the efficiency of school year operation by placing classroom layout on the same floor by grade level than Scenario 2, in which more classrooms and students were placed downstairs. In each scenario, an analysis of the final evacuation requirements showed that the evacuation exit T1 on the left side of the building was 28 seconds or more shorter than T3 on the right side of the building. Therefore, it was analyzed that proper classroom layout and ramp facilities in high school buildings ensure evacuation safety

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Wen, Zheng Min, Xue Feng Yang, and Shu Jing Wei. "Research on Developing the Site Plan of Junior School Campus Located in the Towns of Guangxi Province Based on the Wind Environmental Optimization: Taking Zhemu Middle School as an Example." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 4092–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.4092.

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Creating comfortable wind environment is an important method to achieve the energy saving and emission reduction in campus. This essay proposes the compilation method of site plan in junior campus specifically located in the towns of Guangxi Province from building layout, interval, orientation, open space and road layout to optimize the wind environment with qualitative and quantitative analysis. The essay considers that (1) the combination form of building groups in campus should be based on the principle of reducing tropical island effect in summer and decreasing wind penetration in winter; (2) reasonable interval and orientations of buildings can contribute to optimizing campus atmospheric conditions; (3) optimal layout of open space in campus can accelerate the wind speeds in summer and block out wind in winter; (4) reasonable layout of major roads can improve the ventilated environment in campus. The results can be theoretically and practically significant to plan and build low-carbon campus.

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Al-Juboori, Salloom A., and Rasha Alrawashdeh. "Wind Power Generation Utilizing a Special Buildings Layout Design to Enhance the Wind Speed." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 6 (February 28, 2018): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n6p303.

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There is a high growing interest for the use of wind power utilizing the building's layout design. The main objective of this work is to accelerate the wind speed before reaching the turbines by using spatial design of twin's buildings; this will generate more electric power. The variables which are affecting the wind speed directed to turbines are the angle between the twin buildings, the height and the length of buildings. The results have shown that the wind speed was accelerated in the intervening space between the buildings irrespective of the distance between the walls of adjacent buildings. Nine wind turbines were installed in three rows and three columns on the wall between the two buildings to generate the electricity. These turbines were located at the top of the wall to face higher wind speed because wind speed depends on height. Also the results showed that the wind speed was accelerated by about five times for the building layout design of the present study; while the generated power was about 125 times in comparison with the buildings do not have a spatial layout design (i.e. they do not enclose an angle between them). Finally the average power generated for the present work buildings dimensions with normal consumption of electricity will cover about 13% of the total normal consumption demand of the buildings (the power generated of the present work buildings layout design is about 0.23 GWh/year).

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Xu, Gang, Zhen Yan Liang, and Hai Yan Liu. "Simulation of Impact of Classroom Layout on Evacuation Efficiency Based on Cellular Automata." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 1497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.1497.

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This paper, based on the principle of Cellular Automata, simulated the emergent evacuation from a floor of lecture building with different layouts inside the classrooms commonly seen in colleges in China. The psychological factors and behaviors of students during the emergent evacuation were simulated with the distance parameter as the basic judgment for evacuation direction based on Cellular Automata in the present paper. Meanwhile, the impacts of four different internal layouts on the evacuation time, average density, average velocity, and average flow rate were investigated. Simulation results show that the difference in classroom layout affects the evacuation efficiency. It also proves that the classroom layout in Room1 is the most reasonable when emergency evacuation is involved.

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Liao, Zhongqing, Ming Cong, Dong Liu, and Fanjie Meng. "Using simulation in layout verification of solar module assembly workshop." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 09, no. 02 (March 20, 2018): 1850017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962318500174.

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Facility layout problem (FLP) contemplates the optimization of space utilization, costs, and material flow. Commercial simulation softwares are commonly used to validate layouts by simulating the real world material flow and production process. To validate a layout scenario of a solar module assembly workshop, a 3D simulation model is presented which was designed on VisualComponents software. To begin with, we introduce the layout characteristics and use the systematic layout planning (SLP) method to design the block layout of workshop. Then, we built components library which contains all the facilities needed in the production line, specifically conveyors, processing equipments, robots, buffers. Finally, we have established a simulation layout model using the components in the customized library according to the block layout, and configured the components which were allocated in the layout by setting the parameters and building the connection between components via signal. To improve the performance of the workshop, we have found the best work-in-process (WIP) value for the workshop and the optimal number of workers. Additionally, the layout model was used to test collision and reachability. It demonstrated the production process in a realistic simulation environment which helped in the sales process as well. The reusable component models we have built make it easy to build a layout within a short time and validate the effectiveness of the layout scenarios for any other projects.

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Wang, Li Ping, Chao Lie Ning, and Lin Qing Huang. "Seismic Fragility Analysis of Hill Buildings Sited on Slopes." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 1551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.1551.

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The hill buildings sited on slopes has been widely constructed in mountainous regions. In order to estimate the seismic vulnerability for this type of building under the effect of potential earthquakes, the exceedance probabilities of hill buildings and normal buildings in peak ground acceleration are calculated and compared by using the incremental dynamic analysis method. The fragility curves show the layout of hill buildings has considerable influence on the seismic performance. Specifically, due to the different layout for the hill buildings, the probabilistic characteristic at the collapse prevention level is significantly different from the characteristic of fragility curves at the initial performance level.

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Liu, Jin Ming. "A Construction Technology for Buildings Horizontal Movement." Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.219.

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With the development of infrastructure--the gradual perfection of the urban layout and the broadening of the roads--some buildings have become obstacles in overall city planning. But for economic and cultural reasons, these buildings should continue to exist. Therefore, in this paper a technique for moving monolithic buildings is described. The technologys for moving the monolithic building includes: the construction of the track for moving; separating the buildings upper structure from the basic structure; hauling the building along the tracks; fixing the building on the new foundation.

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Zacharias, John, and Arthur Stamps. "Perceived Building Density as a Function of Layout." Perceptual and Motor Skills 98, no. 3 (June 2004): 777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.98.3.777-784.

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Cai, Y., and D. F. Wong. "Channel/switchbox definition for VLSI building-block layout." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 10, no. 12 (1991): 1485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/43.103498.

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Cai, H., and R. H. J. M. Otten. "Conflict-free channel definition in building-block layout." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 8, no. 9 (1989): 981–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/43.35550.

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Onodera, Hidetoshi, Yo Taniguchi, and Keikichi Tamaru. "Branch-and-bound placement for building block layout." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science) 76, no. 7 (1993): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecjc.4430760702.

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Brunese, P. A., and J. M. A. Tanchoco. "On implied within-building constraints for machine layout." International Journal of Production Research 51, no. 6 (March 15, 2013): 1937–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2012.721571.

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Ciattaglia, S., G. Federici, L. Barucca, M. de Magistris, E. Gaio, C. Gliss, M. Koerber, et al. "Key EU DEMO plant and building layout criteria." Fusion Engineering and Design 171 (October 2021): 112567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112567.

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Khairuddin, R., I. L. Ibrahim, A. Jain, ‘I Amin, and F. Maharimi. "Active design: promoting physical activity through building layout." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 842, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/842/1/012068.

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Lu, Ming, Yan Zhang, Jun Xing, and Wenda Ma. "Assessing the Solar Radiation Quantity of High-Rise Residential Areas in Typical Layout Patterns: A Case in North-East China." Buildings 8, no. 11 (November 2, 2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8110148.

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With the development of energy-saving and emission-reduction, solar energy as a clean energy with excellent characteristics has bright prospects for development and application in residential environment with high energy consumption. With the intensification of land use, there are more and more high-rise residential areas in the city. If the residential construction becomes more compact, the solar radiation of the buildings will be in loss. Therefore, there may exist some restrictive relationship between the residential layout patterns and the solar radiation quantity. Through the multiple response frequency analysis method of SPSS, the study summarizes three typical high-rise residential layout patterns, which are parallel determinant, non-parallel determinant and three-sided enclosure. The Autodesk Ecotect is used to simulate the solar radiation quantity of each building roof and south facade. Last, obtain the relationship between the residential layout index and the solar radiation quantity. The results show that there actually exists certain correlativity between solar radiation quantity and floor area ratio, building density and building height; meanwhile, each annual solar radiation quantity changed by residential layout index has its own variable curve. The results also indicate that three-sided enclosure layout pattern has greater solar radiation potential than parallel determinant and non-parallel determinant. By summarizing the corresponding conclusions, the optimal mode of high-rise settlements with high solar radiation is explored, which can provide reference for further residential planning.

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Wu, Su Juan, Zhong Ming Xiong, and Yuan Gang Xu. "Optimum Design of Pile Raft Foundation on Pile-Soil Interaction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.497.

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At present, great progress had been achieved in the theoretical research of pile-soil interaction. The principle for “main structure, secondly calculation” was traditionally adopted in engineering practice, “Full pile layout” and “Equal capacity pile layout” were still the basic pile layouts. An optimal unification was not reached among economy,safety and reasonable of building, plenty of capital and material were wasted,and unsafe hidden dangers were showed in engineering.Therefore, influences of raft thickness and different pile layouts for raft settlement and pile top reaction were analyzed by ANSYS in this paper,mechanical behavior and interaction mechanism beteewn pile raft foundation were researched. Pile raft foundation was designed optimally by using the optimization method of pumping pile. Finally, many significant conclusions were put forward.

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Mokrzecka, Martyna. "Influence of building shape and orientation on heating demand: simulations for student dormitories in temperate climate conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400117.

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of preliminary design decisions such as building shape and orientation on its heating demand. After analysing plans of forty student dormitories located in heating dominated climate (Dfb and Cfb), eight typical plan layouts were identified and chosen for further analysis. Eight buildings were modelled using these plans and uploaded to dynamic simulation tool, Sefaira. Buildings have the same characteristics (surface, height, thermal properties, location etc.). The next step was to rotate the buildings at 45° intervals and simulate the annual heating demand for each case. The results show that the shape influences the heating energy consumption. The difference between minimum and maximum heating demand in the chosen sample was 50%. The square – shaped buildings have advantages in terms of heating energy consumption over L, U and C-shaped buildings as well as over rectangles with different shape factor. Orientation does not substantially influence the consumption in well insulated buildings. Last step of the research was to analyse the influence of functional layout on heating energy and internal comfort in a square-shaped building.

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Ali, Hikmat H., Imad A. Al-Hashimi, and Fua’ad Al-Samman. "INVESTIGATING THE APPLICABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORM AND DESIGN TO TRADITIONAL CITIES, CASE STUDY: THE OLD CITY OF SANA'A." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 12, no. 2 (August 2, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i2.1391.

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This research compared the traditional urban form of old Sana'a with the modern by applying three main basic principles of sustainability; 1. Form and density, 2. Walkability and connectivity and 3. Building energy. The method of inquiry was based on qualitative and quantitative methods and analysis using GIS, ECOTECT and Space Syntax modelling. The findings show that traditional form with its higher building density and compactness is a good model with regards to sustainable principles. Similarly, as to walkability index, traditional layout has higher rates of intersections and connected nodes and least angular changes with higher rates of integrations and choices in terms of Space Syntax properties than new layouts. Finally, the result of applying ECOTECT for urban solar analysis to confirm that the traditional pattern achieved sufficient values of solar access, exposure and shadows over different periods of the year. The overall results indicate that the traditional urban layout is more sustainable in terms of form and density, walkability and connectivity and urban solar energy than the new layouts.

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Raji, Babak, Martin J. Tenpierik, and Andy van den Dobbelsteen. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY: DESIGN STRATEGIES FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENCY OF HIGH-RISE OFFICE BUILDINGS." Journal of Green Building 11, no. 1 (March 2016): 134–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.11.1.134.1.

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Tall buildings are being designed and built across a wide range of cities. A poorly designed tall building can tremendously increase the building's appetite for energy. Therefore, this paper aims to determine the design strategies that help a high-rise office building to be more energy efficient. For this purpose, a comparative study on twelve case buildings in three climate groups (temperate, sub-tropical & tropical) was performed. The exterior envelope, building form and orientation, service core placement, plan layout, and special design elements like atria and sky gardens were the subject of investigation. effectiveness of different design strategies for reducing the cooling, heating, ventilation and electric lighting energy usage. Finally, lessons from these buildings' were defined for the three climates. Furthermore, a comparison of building energy performance data with international benchmarks confirmed that in temperate and sub-tropical climates sustainable design strategies for high-rise buildings were performing well, as a result leading to lower energy consumption. However, for the tropics the design of high-rise buildings needs additional consideration.

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Lin, Misheng, and Yang Wang. "Public Space Sharing Strategies for Youth Education Building." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123703001.

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Education building can be activated by space sharing strategies to satisfy the large demand of outside school education needs. The public space of youth education building has a more flexible social adaptability than the full-time school. Through case collection, data research, statistical analysis methods, design elements of public space of youth education buildings are studied. Based on the consideration of design elements, the spatial layout modes and design strategies are summarized. These results are helpful for the similar space design in outside school education buildings.

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Tang, Zhong Hua, Ri Chao Liu, and De Bao Lei. "The Study of Building Indoor and Outdoor Wind Environment." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 2592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.2592.

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Through FLUENT numerical simulation, this paper is aimed on studying the influence of outdoor wind environment on indoor environment. We found that building height, building layout format and opening format in the wall are significant impacted on indoor natural ventilation. At the three-fourth height of building, if the building layout and housing opening is stagger, it can get high-quality indoor natural ventilation and more evenly indoor wind field.

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Zhang, Xue Yan, Bin Chen, Yan Qing Liu, and Xv Liang Han. "Analysis on the Relationship between Typical House Mode and Heating Energy Consumption in Cold Rural Areas of Eastern China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.607.

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In cold rural areas of Eastern China, heating energy consumption was increased year by year, affected by some factors such as building materials, different courtyard layouts and residential constructions. Based on field measurements and multiple perspectives analysis of typical houses, the heat of cold air infiltration in one house could be reduced by 18.3 %, while the courtyard design was adapted to local climatic conditions. Heating energy consumption could be reduced by 15% for reasonable energy utilization, and which could be reduced by 50% for rational design of building layout and correct selection of materials for building envelope.

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Wu, Ya Jun, Xue Ying Wang, and Dong Xu. "Analysis and Discussion of the Cold Northern Areas of Rural Residential Energy Efficient Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.121.

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In the cold regions of northern China, compared to the urban residential buildings, the rural residential buildings are lack of energy-saving technology, which currently in its infancy, some places even still blank, this does not meet China's energy conservation policy, is not conducive to the sustainable development of the country. For this reason, this paper is focused on rural residential building, starting from environmental analysis and technical measures, analyzed on rural residential energy-saving design, and also make research and discussion in terms of building sitting and planning, shape and layout of the building, building structure and technology.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Layout building'

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