Journal articles: 'Layout pattern'

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Ronarizkia, Adita, Lisa Dwi Wulandari, and Yusfan Adeputera Yusran. "The effect of the furniture industry towards the layout pattern of business house space in the Jorongan Village, Probolinggo." ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v6i2.701.

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Jorongan Village is as an area designated as the Furniture Industry Center of Probolingggo Regency, thereby leading to changes in some houses functionality from residential to business. This certainly changes the internal and external layout of the houses used for furniture business. The purpose of this research is to identify the spatial layout pattern of business houses in the furniture industrial center area of Probolinggo Regency. This research was carried out with the behavior mapping approach used to describe the existing space in each furniture business house. Therefore, based on the analysis results, there are four patterns of business function space layout, the first, second, and third are located at the front, side and partially inside the building, while the other part is located in the side. Furthermore, the pattern with part of the business function space is located inside the building, and partly outside the front and side of the house. The result showed that three houses had irregular patterns with different layouts from other businesses.

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Yin, Su, and Jonathan Cagan. "Exploring the Effectiveness of Various Patterns in an Extended Pattern Search Layout Algorithm." Journal of Mechanical Design 126, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1641185.

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Automated synthesis of product layout has the potential of substantially reducing design cycle time while allowing for quick check of interference, clearance, scale and fit prior to the building of physical prototypes. The search for optimal positions and orientations of parts in the layout typically requires a huge number of iterations. An extended pattern search layout algorithm based on coordinate search was introduced in an earlier paper and shown quite effective over the previous state-of-the-art. Coordinate search is a simple and straightforward way of implementing the extended pattern search method in the layout problem. However, it is not taking advantage of the wide variety of heuristics admissible in pattern search methods for identifying promising search directions. By introducing various search patterns and exploring their effectiveness in the layout problem, the question of whether complex tactics can do better than the basic coordinate pattern search is addressed. This paper presents four different heuristics for generating pattern directions in the extended pattern search layout algorithm: the conjugate direction method, the modified gradient method, the rank ordering method, and the simplex method. These heuristics are utilized to identify promising search directions and update the set of pattern directions used in the algorithm over iterations. The performance of the different heuristics is compared to that of the basic coordinate extended pattern search layout approach.

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Aladahalli, Chandankumar, Jonathan Cagan, and Kenji Shimada. "Objective Function Effect Based Pattern Search—Theoretical Framework Inspired by 3D Component Layout." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 3 (March 16, 2006): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2406095.

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Though pattern search algorithms have been successfully applied to three-dimensional (3D) component layout problems, a number of unanswered questions remain regarding their parameter tuning. One such question is the scheduling of patterns in the search. Current pattern search methods treat all patterns similarly and all of them are active from the beginning to the end of the search. Observations from 3D component layout motivate the question whether patterns should be introduced in some different order during the search. This paper presents a novel method for scheduling patterns that is inspired by observations from 3D component layout problems. The new method introduces patterns into the search in the decreasing order of a priori expectation of the objective function change due to the patterns. Pattern search algorithms based on the new pattern schedule run 30% faster on average than conventional pattern search based algorithms on 3D component layout problems and general 2D multimodal surface minimization problems. However since determining the expected change in objective function value due to the patterns is expensive, we explore approximations using domain information.

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Majooni, Azam, Mona Masood, and Amir Akhavan. "An eye-tracking study on the effect of infographic structures on viewer’s comprehension and cognitive load." Information Visualization 17, no. 3 (April 3, 2017): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473871617701971.

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The basic premise of this research is investigating the effect of layout on the comprehension and cognitive load of the viewers in the information graphics. The term ‘Layout’ refers to the arrangement and organization of the visual and textual elements in a graphical design. The experiment conducted in this study is designed based on two stories and each one of these stories is presented with two different layouts. During the experiment, eye-tracking devices are applied to collect the gaze data including the eye movement data and pupil diameter fluctuation. In the research on the modification of the layouts, contents of each story are narrated using identical visual and textual elements. The analysis of eye-tracking data provides quantitative evidence concerning the change of layout in each story and its effect on the comprehension of participants and variation of their cognitive load. In conclusion, it can be claimed that the comprehension from the zigzag form of the layout was higher with a less imposed cognitive load.

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Ying, Xiaoyu, Yanling Wang, Wenzhe Li, Ziqiao Liu, and Grace Ding. "Group Layout Pattern and Outdoor Wind Environment of Enclosed Office Buildings in Hangzhou." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020406.

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This paper presents a study of the effects of wind-induced airflow through the urban built layout pattern using statistical analysis. This study investigates the association between typically enclosed office building layout patterns and the wind environment. First of all, this study establishes an ideal site model of 200 m × 200 m and obtains four typical multi-story enclosed office building group layouts, namely the multi-yard parallel opening, the multi-yard returning shape opening, the overall courtyard parallel opening, and the overall courtyard returning shape opening. Then, the natural ventilation performance of different building morphologies is further evaluated via the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation software Phoenics. This study compares wind speed distribution at an outdoor pedestrian height (1.5 m). Finally, the natural ventilation performance corresponding to the four layout forms is obtained, which showed that the outdoor wind environment of the multi-yard type is more comfortable than the overall courtyard type, and the degree of enclosure of the building group is related to the advantages and disadvantages of the outdoor wind environment. The quantitative relevance between building layout and wind environment is examined, according to which the results of an ameliorated layout proposal are presented and assessed by Phoenics. This research could provide a method to create a livable urban wind environment.

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Badr, Yasmine, Ko-wei Ma, and Puneet Gupta. "Layout pattern-driven design rule evaluation." Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 13, no. 4 (December 17, 2014): 043018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmm.13.4.043018.

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Kareem, Pervaiz, Yonghwi Kwon, and Youngsoo Shin. "Layout Pattern Synthesis for Lithography Optimizations." IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing 33, no. 2 (May 2020): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsm.2020.2982989.

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Huo, Jun Zhou, Hai Feng Zhao, Xu Zhang, Wei Sun, and Yu Zhao. "Cutters Plane Layout Design of the Full-Face Rock Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) Based on Multi-Spiral Layout Pattern." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 1288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.1288.

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The multi-spiral layout pattern has been widely adopted in practice during the layout design of the cutters. Considering the engineering technical requirements and the corresponding structure design requirements of the cutter head, this study formulates a nonlinear multi-objective mathematical model with multiple constraints for the cutters plane layout design based on a multi-spiral layout pattern. And then a genetic algorithm is employed to solve a cutters’ multi-spiral layout problem. An instance of the cutters’ plane layout design was solved by the proposed methods using a multi-spiral layout pattern. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of the method of combining the mathematical model with the algorithms, and the pros and cons of the multi-spiral layout pattern.

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Gibson, Helen, Joe Faith, and Paul Vickers. "A survey of two-dimensional graph layout techniques for information visualisation." Information Visualization 12, no. 3-4 (September 5, 2012): 324–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473871612455749.

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Many algorithms for graph layout have been devised over the last 30 years spanning both the graph drawing and information visualisation communities. This article first reviews the advances made in the field of graph drawing that have then often been applied by the information visualisation community. There then follows a discussion of a range of techniques developed specifically for graph visualisations. Graph drawing algorithms are categorised into the following approaches: force-directed layouts, the use of dimension reduction in graph layout and computational improvements including multi-level techniques. Methods developed specifically for graph visualisation often make use of node-attributes and are categorised based on whether the attributes are used to introduce constraints to the layout, provide a clustered view or define an explicit representation in two-dimensional space. The similarities and distinctions between these techniques are examined and the aim is to provide a detailed assessment of currently available graph layout techniques, specifically how they can be used by visualisation practitioners, and to motivate further research in the area.

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Yuan, Yan Hua, Jian Gang Xu, Yi Qi, and Jun Ting Chen. "Research on Architectural Pattern of Residential Quarter Based on Atmospheric Pollutant Diffusion of Point Source." Advanced Materials Research 689 (May 2013): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.533.

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In the process of rapid urbanization, many pollution problems arise in developing cities. In particular, industrial point source air pollution is one of the main causes that detract from urban development and destroy ecological harmony. Gas pollution directly affects people's physical health when a source of industrial emissions is close to residential areas. In the planning and design of sustainable architecture, it becomes increasingly important to avoid industrial atmospheric diffusion pollution in the broadest sense through studying the layout of urban residential architecture group. This paper establishes the database of atmospheric pollution diffusion based on the ArcGIS platform. Through simulating the spatial distribution state of the atmospheric point source pollution concentration in Nanjing Chemical Industrial Park, the spatial information of urban atmospheric environmental quality can be provided for the layout and planning of the neighboring residential quarter. Combining with CFD wind field simulation of different architectural layouts, this paper studies the adaptive layout of residential architecture on surrounding environment. The results show that the pollutants’ concentration in summer is slightly lower than in winter; the pollutant concentration of determinantal layout is lower than the oblique column type and alternate layout in Shanpan Community. It explores the relationships among urban residential architecture, people and natural environment, and the results are very important in conducting the pattern planning and design of urban architecture, improvement of living environmental quality and energy conservation and environmental protection.

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Ou, Dinghua, Xingzhu Yao, Jianguo Xia, Xuesong Gao, Changquan Wang, Wanlu Chen, Qiquan Li, Zongda Hu, and Juan Yang. "Development of a Composite Model for Simulating Landscape Pattern Optimization Allocation: A Case Study in the Longquanyi District of Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 10, 2019): 2678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092678.

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The simulation of landscape pattern optimization allocation (LPOA) to achieve ecological security is an important issue when constructing regional ecological security patterns. In this study, an LPOA model was developed by integrating a binary logistic regression model and a nonlinear programming model with a particle swarm optimization algorithm in order to consider the complexity of landscape pattern optimization in terms of the quantitative structure and spatial layout optimization, integrating the landscape suitability and factors that influence landscape patterns, and under constraints to maximize the economic, ecological, and comprehensive benefits of landscape patterns. The model was employed to simulate the LPOA in the Longquanyi District of Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China. The model successfully obtained an appropriate combination of the landscape quantitative structure and spatial layout, as well as effectively integrating the landscape suitability and factors that influence the landscape pattern. Thus, the model addressed the problems of previous studies, such as neglecting the coupling between quantitative structure optimization and spatial layout optimization, ignoring the macrofactors that affect landscape patterns during optimization modeling, and initializing particles without considering the suitability of the landscape. Furthermore, we assessed and analyzed the accuracy and feasibility of the landscape pattern spatial layout optimization results, where the results showed that the overall accuracy of the optimization results was 84.98% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.7587, thereby indicating the good performance of the model. Moreover, the simulated optimization allocation scheme for the landscape pattern was consistent with the actual situation. Therefore, this model can provide support and a scientific basis for regional landscape pattern planning, land use planning, urban planning, and other related spatial planning processes.

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TAKIMOTO, HIRONORI, SEIKI YOSHIMORI, and YASUE MITSUKURA. "INVISIBLE CALIBRATION PATTERN FOR PRINT-AND-SCAN DATA HIDING BASED ON HUMAN VISUAL PERCEPTION." International Journal of Image and Graphics 12, no. 04 (October 2012): 1250026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021946781250026x.

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In print-type steganography and watermarking, visible calibration patterns are arranged around content in which invisible data are embedded, to provide plural feature points for normalization of a scanned image. However, it is clear that conventional visible calibration patterns interfere with the page layout and artwork of original contents. Additionally, visible calibration patterns are not suitable for security services. In this paper, we propose an arrangement of and a detection method for an invisible calibration pattern based on human visual perception. We embed the proposed calibration pattern in an original image by adding a high-frequency component to blue intensity in limited regions. The proposed method protects the page layout and artwork because it is difficult for observers to detect the calibration pattern embedded into an image with a normal background.

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Archambault, Daniel, and Helen C. Purchase. "On the effective visualisation of dynamic attribute cascades." Information Visualization 15, no. 1 (April 6, 2015): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473871615576758.

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Cascades appear in many applications, including biological graphs and social media analysis. In a cascade, a dynamic attribute propagates through a graph, following its edges. We present the results of a formal user study that tests the effectiveness of different types of cascade visualisations on node-link diagrams for the task of judging cascade spread. Overall, we found that a small multiples presentation was significantly faster than animation with no significant difference in terms of error rate. Participants generally preferred animation over small multiples and a hierarchical layout to a force-directed layout. Considering each presentation method separately, when comparing force-directed layouts to hierarchical layouts, hierarchical layouts were found to be significantly faster for both presentation methods and significantly more accurate for animation. Representing the history of the cascade had no significant effect. Thus, for our task, this experiment supports the use of a small multiples interface with hierarchically drawn graphs for the visualisation of cascades. This work is important because without these empirical results, designers of dynamic multivariate visualisations (in many applications) would base their design decisions on intuition with little empirical support as to whether these decisions enhance usability.

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Tellevik, J. M. "Influence of Spatial Exploration Patterns on Cognitive Mapping by Blindfolded Sighted Persons." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 86, no. 5 (May 1992): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9208600508.

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Blindfolded sighted subjects were asked to find four target objects located in the open space of a room. With no experience in the layout, they applied patterns that promoted knowledge of the layout, but once they were familiar with the layout, they used a pattern that used directional and angular information to locate the objects. The subjects did better on relative-distance estimation without experience with the spatial layout, but did better on relocation with experience. Thus, different kinds of experience may result in different kinds of knowledge that are optimal for different spatial judgment tasks.

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Aladahalli, Chandankumar, Jonathan Cagan, and Kenji Shimada. "Objective Function Effect Based Pattern Search—An Implementation for 3D Component Layout." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 3 (December 21, 2005): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2406096.

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Generalized pattern search (GPS) algorithms have been used successfully to solve three-dimensional (3D) component layout problems. These algorithms use a set of patterns and successively decreasing step sizes of these patterns to explore the search space before converging to good local minima. A shortcoming of conventional GPS algorithms is the lack of recognition of the fact that patterns affect the objective function by different amounts and hence it might be efficient to introduce them into the search in a certain order rather than introduce all of them at the beginning of the search. To address this shortcoming, it has been shown by the authors in previous work that it is more efficient to schedule patterns in decreasing order of their effect on the objective function. The effect of the patterns on the objective function was estimated by the a priori expectation of the objective function change due to the patterns. However, computing the a priori expectation is expensive, and to practically implement the scheduling of patterns, an inexpensive estimate of the effect on the objective function is necessary. This paper introduces a metric for geometric layout called the sensitivity metric that is computationally inexpensive, to estimate the effect of pattern moves on the objective function. A new pattern search algorithm that uses the sensitivity metric to schedule patterns is shown to perform as well as the pattern search algorithm that used the a priori expectation of the objective function change. Though the sensitivity metric applies to the class of geometric layout or placement problems, the foundation and approach is useful for developing metrics for other optimization problems.

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Li, Yong Xin, Feng He Wu, Fei Xia Cheng, Jun Wang, and Wei Yuan Wang. "Venation-Like Layout Design of Plate's Stiffeners." Key Engineering Materials 621 (August 2014): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.621.351.

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Traditional orthogonal pattern is ordinarily employed in stiffener configurations of plates in engineering. Layout optimization design of the stiffeners can realize the win-win situation of structure lightweight and bearing property. The existing methods generally transform the challenge into strengthening regional distribution, and the resulting vague regions need identification by post-processing technology. Structure similarity exists between dicotyledonous venation pattern and irregular stiffener distribution. The paper extracted some mechanical factors from the topology regularity and morphogenesis theory of dicotyledonous venation, and static bionic mechanical model was constructed for bionic rib pattern. A new venation growth method with hierarchical veins was proposed based on it. Then typical plate example was designed for proper stiffener distribution, and compared through static experiment.

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Yuan, Yandong, Zhen Li, and Huawei Liang. "Selection and Spatial Layout of Urban Sports Facilities Guided by Residents' Demand." Open House International 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2019-b0003.

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In order to explore the theory of the spatial layout of urban sports facilities, starting with the analysis of theoretical knowledge, the current situation of public sports facilities in the central urban area of Jinan is analyzed, the various factors affecting the planning layout are discussed, and the strategies and methods of the layout planning of public sports facilities in Jinan are summarized. The results show that the layout planning of public sports facilities should follow the corresponding patterns and principles. The layout of public sports facilities at all levels should fully consider the factors of urban public transport, urban management system, urban public functions, and reasonable service radius of public sports facilities. It can be seen that excessive pursuit of efficiency will lead to excessive service radius and poor accessibility of urban public sports facilities; excessive pursuit of fairness will result in a small and scattered layout pattern, which easily leads to idle waste.

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Subhadha Battina. "Application of Fractal Growth Patterns in Housing Layout Design." Creative Space 3, no. 2 (January 4, 2016): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2016.32005.

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In early phases of design, during the process of form-exploration, architects -- knowingly or unknowingly -- have used mathematics as their guiding tool to evolve a formal methodology of design. Fundamental compositional principles such as symmetry, rhythm and proportion are based on speciﬁc mathematical underpinnings. However, very often the designer comes across a situation where these underlying mathematical principles need to be overlapped or interfaced. Applying fractal concepts to the order can accommodate this complex diversity. Fractals allow us to provide a combination of order and surprise in a rhythmic composition using a speciﬁc mathematical geometry. Fractals are typically unit-based and, can thus allow exploration in architectural designs which have a ‘unit’ as a fundamental issue or necessity. The design of housing layout stands out prominently among such architectural problems and, can thus be one such instance in which fractals may be used as a design tool. Commonly seen organisational patterns in housing layout designs create rigidity and monotony, while others like clustered groups are too inconsistent and can create disorder. The research tries applying fractal ordering principles to strike a balance between these extremes by creating an orderly arrangement of houses with an underlying variation in the pattern. The traditional processes of creating housing layouts is quite cumbersome. With the mathematical power of computers, fractal ordering principles are used as Iterative functions to generate multiple design options. The research investigates the potential of the emergent patterns of fractals as an organisational principle in designing housing layouts, while limiting it based on site constraints, size and the transforming rules. In doing so, the objective is to explore the computational and mathematical basis of repetitive patterns in architectural order and compositions. The study also aims at developing a computer application, based on algorithms using fractals, which offers capabilities as a conceptual and organisational tool for a housing layout. The application is implemented, tested and its results are demonstrated using a live terrain data.

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Lai, Lawrence WC, and Stephen NG Davies. "‘Surveying was a kind of writing on the land’: The economics of land division as town planning." Planning Theory 19, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 421–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473095220912791.

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This article is about the economic role of the primaeval layouts (plats) for a new development area as a conscious act of physical planning. It explains that these foundational layouts of a town or country in the ‘new world’ were traditionally the work of a surveyor, the impacts of which have been lasting. Typically following a grid iron pattern, with roots in ancient history, the layout of the surveyor may not look attractive. Yet, it has stood the test of time and continued to condition modern development. It serves two significant economic functions. First, it reduces several types of transaction costs, namely, those of competition for land, valuation allocation, identification and subdivision of land as well as revising a layout. Second, it serves to achieve agglomeration, establish a proprietary and common setting and provide vital information as different forms of public good.

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Yin, Su, and Jonathan Cagan. "An Extended Pattern Search Algorithm for Three-Dimensional Component Layout." Journal of Mechanical Design 122, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.533550.

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An extended pattern search algorithm is introduced for efficient component layout optimization. The algorithm is applicable to general layout problems, where component geometry can be arbitrary, design goals can be multiple and spatial constraint satisfactions can be of different types. Extensions to pattern search are introduced to help the algorithm to converge to optimal solutions by escaping inferior local minima. The performance on all of the test problems shows that the algorithm runs one-to-two orders of magnitude faster than a robust simulated annealing-based algorithm for results with the same quality. The algorithm is further extended to solve a concurrent layout and routing problem, which demonstrates the ability of the algorithm to apply new pattern strategies in search and to include different objective functions in optimization. [S1050-0472(00)01901-2]

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Wijn, E. F. "The effect of downcomer layout pattern on tray efficiency." Chemical Engineering Journal and the Biochemical Engineering Journal 63, no. 3 (September 1996): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0923-0467(96)03112-0.

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GROBELNY, JERZY. "The ‘linguistic pattern’ method for a workstation layout analysis." International Journal of Production Research 26, no. 11 (November 1988): 1779–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207548808947991.

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Zhang, Xinwei, Jin Wang, Guodong Lu, and Xusheng Zhang. "Pattern understanding and synthesis based on layout tree descriptor." Visual Computer 36, no. 6 (July 12, 2019): 1141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00371-019-01723-5.

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Sato, Masao, and Tatsuo Ohtsuki. "Applications of computational geometry to VLSI layout pattern design." Integration 5, no. 3-4 (December 1987): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9260(87)90021-6.

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Fernandez-Labrador, Clara, Jose M. Facil, Alejandro Perez-Yus, Cedric Demonceaux, Javier Civera, and Jose J. Guerrero. "Corners for Layout: End-to-End Layout Recovery From 360 Images." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 5, no. 2 (April 2020): 1255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.2967274.

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Ungar, Simon, Mark Blades, and Christopher Spencer. "Mental Rotation of a Tactile Layout by Young Visually Impaired Children." Perception 24, no. 8 (August 1995): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p240891.

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Mental rotation tasks have been used to probe the mental imagery both of sighted and of visually impaired people. People who have been blind since birth display a response pattern which is qualitatively similar to that of sighted people but tend to respond more slowly or with a higher error rate. It has been suggested that visually impaired people code the stimulus and its (or their own) motion in a different way from sighted people—in particular, congenitally blind people may ignore the external reference framework provided by the stimulus and surrounding objects, and instead use body-centred or movement-based coding systems. What has not been considered before is the relationship between different strategies for tactually exploring the stimulus and the response pattern of congenitally blind participants. Congenitally blind and partially sighted children were tested for their ability to learn and recall a layout of tactile symbols. Children explored layouts of one, three, or five shapes which they then attempted to reproduce. On half the trials there was a short pause between exploring and reproducing the layouts. In an aligned condition children reproduced the array from the same position at which they had explored it; in a rotated condition children were asked to move 90° round the table between exploring and reproducing the layout. Both congenitally blind and partially sighted children were less accurate in the rotated condition than in the aligned condition. Five distinct strategies used by the children in learning the layout were identified. These strategies interacted with both visual status and age. We suggest that the use of strategies, rather than visual status or chronological age, accounts for differences in performance between children.

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Avaritsiotis, J. N. "Thick Film Circuit Layout and Extraction of Parameters Using The Magic Layout Editor." Active and Passive Electronic Components 14, no. 2 (1990): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/36026.

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A Technology file for the Magic layout editor has been developed in order to enable thick film circuit designers to evolve fast solutions for layout with design rule checking, and plotting of the masks of multilayer hybrid circuits. The hybrid design system developed provides for device placement, and automatic routing techniques, in thick film circuits. Device placement is done by recalling from the library the pad pattern that corresponds to the device to be positioned. Automatic routing is implemented not only in multilayered circuits but also in single-layer technology (i.e. two possible types of metal routed on the bare substrate) where dielectric tiles are automatically created at metal crossings, when an electric contact is not desired.

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Zong, Weijia, Zhouyi Wang, Qiang Xing, Junjie Zhu, Liuwei Wang, Kai Qin, Hemin Bai, Min Yu, and Zhendong Dai. "The Method of Multi-Camera Layout in Motion Capture System for Diverse Small Animals." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 1562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091562.

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Motion capture based on multi-camera is widely used in the quantification of animal locomotor behaviors and this is one of the main research methods to reveal the physical laws of animal locomotion and to inspire the design and realization of bionic robot. It has been found that the multi-camera layout patterns greatly affect the effect of motion capture. Due to the researches for animals of diverse species, determining the most appropriate layout patterns to achieve excellent capture performance remains an unresolved challenge. To improve the capturing accuracy, this investigation focuses on the method of multi-camera layout as a motion capture system for diverse animals with significant differences in outward appearance characteristics and locomotor behaviors. The demand boundaries of motion capture are determined according to the appearance types (shapes and space volume) and the behavior characteristics of the animals, resulting in the matching principle of the typical multi-camera layout patterns (arch, annular and half-annular) with diverse animals. The results of the calibration experiments show that the average standard deviation rate (ASDR) of multi-camera system in the half-annular layout patterns (0.52%) is apparently smaller than that of the other two patterns, while its intersecting volume is the largest among the three patterns. The ASDR at different depths of field in a half-annular layout demonstrate that the greater depth of field is conducive to improving the precision of the motion capture system. Laboratory experiments of the motion capture for small animals (geckos and spiders) employed the multi-camera system locked in the 3-D force measuring platform in a half-annular layout pattern indicate that the ASDR of them could reach less than 3.8% and their capturing deviation rate (ACDR) are respectively 3.43% and 1.74%. In this report, the correlations between the motion capture demand boundaries of small animals and the characteristics of the multi-camera layout patterns were determined to advance the motion capture experimental technology for all kinds of small animals, which can provide effective support for the understanding of animal locomotion.

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Yin, Su, Jonathan Cagan, and Peter Hodges. "Layout Optimization of Shapeable Components With Extended Pattern Search Applied to Transmission Design." Journal of Mechanical Design 126, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1637663.

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An extended pattern search algorithm is presented for the placement of shapeable components within a product layout. Shapeable octrees are used to evaluate the amount of overlap between pairs of components, extending previous technology that requires fixed-size components. The method is used to conceptualize the layout of the cross-section of an automatic transmission.

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Ma, Ming, and Hui Hui Zhang. "Pattern Language of Jiaozuo Beizhu Traditional Settlements Construction." Advanced Materials Research 598 (November 2012): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.598.110.

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Beizhu traditional settlements can be traced back to the Ming dynasty. This paper sums up its construction pattern from the location, layout, residence yard space, live space, architectural form, building decoration and materials .

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Zhao, Bo, Weidong Yin, Lili Meng, and Leonid Sigal. "Layout2image: Image Generation from Layout." International Journal of Computer Vision 128, no. 10-11 (February 24, 2020): 2418–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11263-020-01300-7.

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Yang, Seonghyeok, Kyungeun Lee, and Ikjin Lee. "Pattern-free heliostat field layout optimization using physics-based gradient." Solar Energy 206 (August 2020): 722–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.06.029.

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Pan, Zhigeng, Qingge Ji, Mingmin Zhang, Yanfeng Li, and Lin Mei. "Simulating pattern design and layout for group calisthenics and eurhythmics." Simulation & Gaming 37, no. 4 (December 2006): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878106293690.

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RAOOT, A. D., and A. RAKSHIT. "A ‘linguistic pattern’ approach for multiple criteria facility layout problems." International Journal of Production Research 31, no. 1 (January 1993): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549308956721.

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Dey, Sandeep Kumar, Panagiotis Cheilaris, Maria Gabrani, and Evanthia Papadopoulou. "Layout pattern analysis using the Voronoi diagram of line segments." Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 15, no. 1 (February 17, 2016): 013504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmm.15.1.013504.

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Reich, Robert, John B. Ochs, and Tulga M. Ozsoy. "Automated Flat Pattern Layout from Three-dimensional Wire-frame Data." Journal of Engineering Design 2, no. 3 (January 1991): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544829108901684.

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Wu, Zheng Wang, Xin Ma, and Xin Yang. "Uneven Distribution of PM2.5 and Residential Area Planning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 966–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.966.

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The dust haze has posed a serious threat to residents physical and psychological health in China. PM2.5 is the main cause of dust haze. Recent studies on the distribution of PM2.5 points out that the uneven distribution of PM2.5 in city small scale landscape like residential area prevails. The landscape pattern, the maldistribution of pollution sources like motorways, architectural layouts, greening rate, plant community are considered to be the major causes. If residential areas site selection and landscape pattern are optimized, combining road network layout, form design, greening rate and building height are planned following design guidelines, the environment quality can be bettered and the exposure to PM2.5 can be reduced.

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Fais Dzulfikar, Afif, and Dian Prajarini. "ANALISIS POLA LAYOUT APLIKASI MOBILE COMMERCE POPULER DI INDONESIA DENGAN METODE KUALITATIF HEURISTIK." AKSA: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual 3, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 489–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.37505/aksa.v3i2.37.

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The development of the internet and smartphones, making almost allactivities can be accessed very easily for example shopping onlineusing a mobile commerce application. In Indonesia, there is much ecommerce with many users too, but it does not rule out the possibilityto build new e-commerce because Indonesia is the best market for ecommerce. UI / UX designers are needed to build new mobilecommerce because it requires research on interaction design. UI /UX layout guidelines needed by designers in the development ofmobile commerce. This study analyzes the layout patterns of mobilecommerce applications in 4 popular online stores in Indonesia.This study used qualitative research methods. The analysis is carriedout using the principles of pattern and graphic layout, the heuristicmethod of the 10 Nielsen principles used to evaluate a device orapplication.The results of this study successfully proved that the 4 Nielsenprinciples are used by mobile commerce applications (Bukalapak,Shopee, Tokedia, Lazada), namely Match between system and thereal world, Consistency and standards, Error prevention,Recognition rather than recall. The mobile commerce applicationhas the same shopping flow pattern and interface layout that is likethe navigation buttons on the top and bottom of the page, visualweight for promotional features, the concept of finger touch for thesafe size of a button measuring 1x1 cm, visual objects entered on thethumb zone mostly contain elements important and promotions suchas digital bill payments and discounts.

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Mitchell, Phillip E., and Hong Yan. "Newspaper layout analysis incorporating connected component separation." Image and Vision Computing 22, no. 4 (April 2004): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2003.11.001.

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Okka, Alihan, Ugur Dogrusoz, and Hasan Balci. "CoSEP: A compound spring embedder layout algorithm with support for ports." Information Visualization 20, no. 2-3 (July 2021): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14738716211028136.

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This paper describes a new automatic layout algorithm named CoSEP for compound graphs with port constraints. The algorithm works by extending the physical model of a previous algorithm named CoSE by defining additional force types and heuristics for constraining edges to connect to certain user-defined locations on end nodes. Similar to its predecessor, CoSEP also accounts for non-uniform node dimensions and arbitrary levels of nesting via compound nodes. Our experiments show that CoSEP significantly improves the quality of the layouts for compound graphs with port constraints with respect to commonly accepted graph drawing criteria while running reasonably fast, suitable for use in interactive applications for small to medium-sized (up to 500 nodes) graphs. A complete JavaScript implementation of CoSEP as a Cytoscape.js extension along with a demo page is freely available at https://github.com/iVis-at-Bilkent/cytoscape.js-cosep .

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M, Yori Apridonal, Febri Dristyan, and Afdhal Syafnur. "Aplikasi Web Usage Mining Menggunakan Metode Association Rule Dengan Algoritma Fp-Growth Untuk Mengetahui Pola Browsing Pengunjung Website." Prosiding Seminar Nasional Riset Information Science (SENARIS) 1 (September 30, 2019): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/senaris.v1i0.117.

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As a way to improve the promotion of institutions via the web, there is a need for a method to view browsing patterns of visitors on the site unilak.ac.id, thereby showing the user's interest in the links he visits. Data mining or knowledge discovery is a process of extracting valuable information by analyzing the existence of certain patterns or relationships. To find visitor patterns in the form of association rules is to use the association rule method. FP-Growth is an alternative algorithm that can be used to determine the most frequent set of data in a set of data. FP-Growth is applied to get a pattern of visitors, about what links are frequently visited and seen by visitors on the site unilak.ac.id. This pattern is used to help web administrators in developing the site unilak.ac.id by utilizing knowledge from the association pattern to regulate the layout / layout design of the categories available on the site unilak.ac.id. From the results of processing the dataset with FP-Growth algorithm and processing data processed using data mining software, namely Rapidminer 6.5. It was found that the minimum value of support was 1% and the minimum confidence value of 50% resulted in 124 rules of association.

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Suku, Yohanes Laka. "Pemodelan dan Analisis Perilaku Balok Beton Bertulang yang Berbeda Diameter Akibat Variasi Tata Letak Tulangannya." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 24, no. 1 (August 24, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v24i1.17303.

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Analysis of the effect of the layout of reinforcement in reinforced concrete beams with different diameters to understand behavior and layout position of reinforcement produces the maximum of load capacity and ductility. Modeling and analysis using ANSYS program, the experimental test beam type OA1 and A1 from the University of Toronto (Vichio & Shim, 2004) was used as a benchmark and models which varies in layout of reinforcement. The number of models analyzed is a total of fourteen models consisting of seven models without stirrups and seven with stirrups. Beam behavior observed in the form of load capacity, deflection, ductility, stiffness and crack patterns. Results showed that: the layout of reinforcement affects the behavior of reinforced concrete beam; on the same width of reinforcedment, one layer reinforcement has greater load capacity and rigidity but smaller ductility than two layers; the layout of reinforcement in general does not affect the pattern of cracks; the collapse of the beam without stirrups is caused by the diagonal tension and the beam with stirrups by shear and rupture due to the press; the layout of reinforcement produces the largest load capacity and ductility of the largest is model OA1 and OA1,4 on the beams without stirrups and models A1 and A1,5 on beam with stirrups.

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Koreng, Regina, and Heidi Krömker. "User Interface Pattern for AR in Industrial Applications." Information 12, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12060251.

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The background of the paper is that there are currently no specifications or guidelines for the design of a user interface for an augmented reality system in an industrial context. In this area, special requirements apply for the perception and recognition of content, which are given by the framework conditions of the industrial environment, the human–technology interaction, and the work task. This paper addresses the software-technical design of augmented reality surfaces in the industrial environment. The aim is to give first design examples for software tasks by means of sample solutions. For a user-oriented implementation, the methods of personas and an empirical investigation were used. Personas are a stereotypical representation of end users that reflect their characteristics and requirements. For the subsequent development of the pattern catalog, different prototypes with layout and interaction variants were tested in an empirical study with 50 participants. By observing the current realizations, these can be examined more closely in terms of their specific use in an industrial environment. The result is a pattern catalog with 26 solutions for layout and interaction variants. For the layout variants, no direct favorite of the testers could be ascertained; the existing solutions already offer a wide spectrum, which are chosen according to personal preferences. For interaction, on the other hand, it is important to enable fast input. During the study, gesture control revealed weaknesses in this regard. This can be supportive in the development of an industrial augmented reality system regarding a user-oriented representation of the interface.

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Ali, Hikmat H., Imad A. Al-Hashimi, and Fua’ad Al-Samman. "INVESTIGATING THE APPLICABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN FORM AND DESIGN TO TRADITIONAL CITIES, CASE STUDY: THE OLD CITY OF SANA'A." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 12, no. 2 (August 2, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i2.1391.

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This research compared the traditional urban form of old Sana'a with the modern by applying three main basic principles of sustainability; 1. Form and density, 2. Walkability and connectivity and 3. Building energy. The method of inquiry was based on qualitative and quantitative methods and analysis using GIS, ECOTECT and Space Syntax modelling. The findings show that traditional form with its higher building density and compactness is a good model with regards to sustainable principles. Similarly, as to walkability index, traditional layout has higher rates of intersections and connected nodes and least angular changes with higher rates of integrations and choices in terms of Space Syntax properties than new layouts. Finally, the result of applying ECOTECT for urban solar analysis to confirm that the traditional pattern achieved sufficient values of solar access, exposure and shadows over different periods of the year. The overall results indicate that the traditional urban layout is more sustainable in terms of form and density, walkability and connectivity and urban solar energy than the new layouts.

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Salmani, Hassan, Wei Zhao, Mohammad Tehranipoor, Sreejit Chakravarty, Patrick Girard, and Xiaoqing Wen. "Layout-Aware Pattern Evaluation and Analysis for Power-Safe Application of Transition Delay Fault Patterns." Journal of Low Power Electronics 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jolpe.2012.1188.

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Chiu, Chih Ming, Shao Shin Hung, Jyh Jong Tsay, and Kuo Kuang Fan. "Utilizing Traveral Sequence Order for Storage Layout in Walkthrough." Applied Mechanics and Materials 311 (February 2013): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.311.147.

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3D walkthrough (henceforth referred as WT) becomes popular and apparent when the volume of query processing in some 3D scenery (e.g., the walkthrough system and the 3D museum navigation systems) is considered. In this scenario, different people with similar behaviours induce completely different space-time traversal patterns in a recoded traversal sequence. This is because they navigate different paths, and their surrounding backgrounds are different. What are common across such sequences of the same behaviours are the underlying induced walkthrough fields. We want to make use of regions of common sequential traversal patterns for acceleration and compaction purposes. In this paper we propose a new Sequence-based Pattern Similarity (SPS) approach based on a behavioural walkthrough system that exploits sequence-based semantic-oriented clustering techniques, such as association, intra-relationships, and inter-relationships, to explore additional links throughout the behavioural walkthrough system. The experimentation shows that in such cases the use of so-called I/O-efficient algorithms that minimize the number of disk accesses can lead to tremendous runtime improvements.

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Brown, Bronwen. "Couture Bridalwear: Pattern Layout and Design2001237Margot Arendse. Couture Bridalwear: Pattern Layout and Design. London: B.T. Batsford 2000. 152 pp, ISBN: 0 7134 7473 X £16.99." Reference Reviews 15, no. 4 (April 2001): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr.2001.15.4.40.237.

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Arifin, Zainal, and Fajri Rahman. "Living in the riverbanks: Case of the Ogan malay community settlement, South Sumatera." ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia 5, no. 1 (May 17, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31947/etnosia.v5i1.8467.

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This article attempts to understand how the settlement layout of riverbank communities, with the case in the Ogan Malay community in South Sumatra province. This article is based on empirical reality in which the community tends to always live on the riverbank, especially the riverbank, with raging water. For the Ogan Malay community, the settlement is an area consisting of villages as dwellings, but also include agricultural areas (fields, fields, and gardens) and other supporting areas, as a source of life. As a riverbank community, the river has always been central in determining the layout of elements of its settlements, thus creating a unique settlement layout pattern. This article is the result of ethnographic (anthropological) research conducted by the author in April - June 2019. Data were collected through depth interviews with indigenous leaders and local communities in the location, as well as through participant observation of life activities in the research field. The results showed that living on the riverbanks is not arbitrary, but based on the community's knowledge system on the river environment itself. This knowledge creates a unique pattern of community settlement layout, where the river has always been central in the preparation of layout planning.

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Häuslschmid, Renate, Donghao Ren, Florian Alt, Andreas Butz, and Tobias Höllerer. "Personalizing Content Presentation on Large 3D Head-Up Displays." PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality 27, no. 1 (March 2019): 80–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00315.

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Drivers' urge to access content on smartphones while driving causes a high number of fatal accidents every year. We explore 3D full-windshield size head-up displays as an opportunity to present such content in a safer manner. In particular, we look into how drivers would personalize such displays and whether it can be considered safe. Firstly, by means of an online survey we identify types of content users access on their smartphones while driving and whether users are interested in the same content on a head-up display. Secondly, we let drivers design personalized 3D layouts and assess how personalization impacts on driving safety. Thirdly, we compare personalized layouts to a one-fits-all layout concept in a 3D driving simulator study regarding safety. We found that drivers' content preferences diverge largely and that most of the personalized layouts do not respect safety sufficiently. The one-fits-all layout led to a better response performance but needs to be modified to consider the drivers' preferences. We discuss the implications of the presented research on road safety and future 3D information placement on head-up displays.

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Adán, Miguel, Antonio Adán, Andrés S. Vázquez, and Roberto Torres. "Biometric verification/identification based on hands natural layout." Image and Vision Computing 26, no. 4 (April 2008): 451–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2007.08.010.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Layout pattern'

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