Academic literature on the topic 'LC50, LC25'
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Journal articles on the topic "LC50, LC25"
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INDRAYANI, IG AA, D. WINARNO, and NFN SUBIYAKTO. "KOMPATD3ILITAS KOMBINASI //aNPV DAN SBM SERTA PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP MORTALITAS DAN AKTIVITAS BIOLOGI PENGGEREK BUAH KAPAS Helicoverpa armigera HUBNER." Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 10, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v10n1.2004.28-33.
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<p>Banyak cara dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas HaNPV terhadap serangga hama sasaran. Efektivitas //aNPV terutama daya bunuhnya, dapat ditingkatkan dengan cara mengkombinasikan HaNPV dengan metode pengendalian hama lain yang pengaruhnya dapat menurunkan kckebalan tubuh serangga, misalnya insektisida nabati scrbuk biji mimba (SBM). Disamping untuk meningkatkan efektivitas, kombinasi yang sinergis antara HaNPV dan SBM juga bcrmanfaat untuk substitusi //aNPV yang produk komcrsialnya masih terbatas. Penelitian kompa- tibilitas kombinasi //aNPV dan SBM seta pengaruhnya terhadap mortalitas dan aktivitas biologi larva penggerek buah kapas H. armigera dilaksanakan di laboratoium Hama Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, mulai Maret hingga Juli 2002. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui kompatibilitas dan kemanjuran kombinasi //aNPV dan SBM, seta mengetahui dampak interaksinya terhadap aktivitas biologi penggerek buah kapas //. armigera. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah kombinasi //aNPV dan SBM berdasarkan konsentrasi subletal dan letal, yaitu: (I) Kontrol (tanpa perlakuan), (2) SBM(LC25), (3) SBM(LC,0), (4) //aNPV(LC25), (5) //aNPV(LC50), (6) /YaNPV(LC25) + SBM(LC2S), (7) /YaNPV(LC25) + SBM(LC50), (8) //aNPV(LC30) + SBM(LC2S), (9) //aNPV(LCjo) + SBM(LCjo). Setiap perlakuan disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok dengan empat kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis intcraksi antara //aNPV dan SBM pada berbagai kombinasi konsentrasi umumnya menunjukkan sifat aditif dan sinergis. Kombinasi konsentrasi yang berinteraksi sinergis adalah //aNPV(LCso) t-SBM(LCso) yang menyebabkan mortalitas larva H. armigera ± 80%. Penurunan bobot larva maupun perpanjangan umur stadia larva tcinfeksi secara cfektif dipengaruhi oleh semua perlakuan //aNPV dan SBM, baik individu maupun kombinasi.<br /><br />Kata kunci: Aditif, //aNPV, H. armigera, kompatibilitas, mortalitas, serbuk biji mimba, SBM, sinergis<br /><br /><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Compatibility of HaNPV and SBM combinations and its effects on the mortality and biological activities of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera Hubner</p><p>Many ways to increase the effectiveness of //aNPV against insect pests. Combination of //aNPV and other control method, namely using neem seed powder (SBM) which reduced the insect immunity system, was one way to increase the effectiveness of//aNPV. Synergistic combination of SBM to //aNPV not only increased the effectiveness of insect control but SBM itself could also substitute //aNPV which was unavailable commercially. The study was caried out in the Entomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute (ITOFCRI) in Malang rom March to July 2002. The objective was to ind out the compatibility and efficacy of //aNPV+SBM combination against cotton bollworm and its impacts to larval motality and biological activities. The treatment tested were combinations of //aNPV+SBM based on both sublethal (LCjj) and lethal (LC50) concentrations, viz. (1) Control (untreated), (2) SBM(LC2!), (3) SBM(LCjo), (4) //aNPV(LC23), (5) //aNPV(LC50), (6) //aNPV(LC25) 4 SBM(LC25), (7) //aNPV(LC2J) + SBM(LCso),(8) //aNPV(LC3o) + SBM(LC2S), (9) //aNPV(LCj0) + SBM(LCjo). Each treatment was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with four replications Results showed that the combinations of HaNPV and SBM at different concentrations proved to be additive and synergistic interaction. The synergistic interaction was signiicant when //aNPV(LC,o) was combined with + SBM(LC50) with caused ± 80% of larval motality. Reducing in larval weight and prolong the larval age were effectively influenced by HaNPV and SBM either alone or combination.<br /><br />Key words: Additive, compatibility, HaNPV, //. armigera, motality neem seed powder, SBM, synergistic interaction</p>
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Tarwotjo, Udi. "Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun dan Ranting Aglaia odorata terhadap Parasitasi dan Enkapsulasi Eriborus argenteopilosus pada Inangnya, Crocidolomia binotalis." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 11, no. 2 (April 25, 2012): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.11.2.64-68.
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Pengaruh ekstrak daun dan ranting A. odorata terhadap parasitasi dan enkapsulasi Eriborus argenteopilosuspada Crocidolomia. binotalis telah diteliti di laboratorium Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1)toksisitas ekstrak daun dan ranting A. odorata terhadap C. binotalis, (2) mortalitas Eriborus argenteopilosus, (3)tingkat parasitasi dan enkapsulasi E. argenteopilosus Metode yang dipergunakan disusun berdasarkan RAL dengan 3kali ulangan data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam (varians) dan perbedaan nilai tengah antar perlakuan diuji denganDMRT. Toksisitas ekstrak daun dan ranting A. odorata terhadap larva C. binotalis instar satu menyebabkankematian yang tinggi dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi dimana nilai LC50 sebesar 657,2470 mg/L, sedangkan LC90sebesar 3353,6799 mg/L Tingkat parasitasi E. argenteopilosus terhadap C. binotalis pada konsentrasi 81,1485 mg/L(LC5) ataupun 278,7482 mg/L(LC25) tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Sedangkan perlakuan ekstrak padakonsentrasi 278,7482 mg/L (LC25) mampu menekan tingkat enkapsulasi.
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Prijono, Djoko, R. Dewi Ratna Wulan, Ferdi Ferdi, and Nur Alfi Saryanah. "Insecticidal activity of the extracts of Piper retrofractum fruit and Tephrosia vogelii leaf and their mixtures against Crocidolomia pavonana." CROPSAVER - Journal of Plant Protection 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/cropsaver.v3i2.31305.
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This laboratory work was carried out to evaluate the insecticidal activity of the extracts of Piper retrofractum (Piperaceae) fruit and Tephrosia vogelii (Fabaceae) leaf and their mixtures against the cabbage head caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana. Ground plant materials of the two plant species were extracted separately with n-hexane and methanol. The results of leaf-residue feeding bioassays showed that P. retrofractum (Pr) and T. vogelii (Tv) hexane extracts had strong insecticidal activity against C. pavonana larvae (LC95 < 0.5%) and were more active than their respective methanol extracts. Pr and Tv hexane extract had a moderate and a rather weak contact effect on C. pavonana larvae, respectively. In feeding tests, Pr + Tv (1:1) hexane and methanol extract mixtures indicated synergistic joint effect both at LC50 and LC95 level, whereas in the contact test, the mixture of Pr + Tv (1:1) hexane extract was synergistic at the LC50 level but antagonistic at the LC95 level. In choice tests, antifeedant effects of Pr and Tv hexane extracts at LC25 to LC70 levels on C. pavonana larvae followed a concentration-dependent fashion. Thus, separate or mixed P. retrofractum and T. vogelii extracts are potential alternatives for the control of C. pavonana.
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Yang, Zhou, Yang, Long, and Jin. "Effects of Insecticide Stress on Expression of NlABCG Transporter Gene in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens." Insects 10, no. 10 (October 8, 2019): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10100334.
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The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is an important pest of rice that severely affects production. Insecticides are an important means of controlling BPH, but their long-term use has led to resistance. To provide insight into BPH responses to insecticide stress, we determined the expression levels of BPH ABCG transporter genes under treatment with thiamethoxam, abamectin, and cyantraniliprole at LC10, LC25, LC50, and LC90. We cloned 13 BPH ABCG transporters, named NlABCG1 to NlABCG13. Conservative domain analysis showed that all 13 transporters have one nucleotide binding domain and one transmembrane domain, typical of semi-molecular transporters. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that thiamethoxam, abamectin, and cyantraniliprole stress increased the expression of some NlABCG transporters gene in BPH. However, after treatment with thiamethoxam at LC25 and abamectin at LC10, there was no significant upregulation of NlABCG. These results indicate that the expression of NlABCG varies in response to stress from different insecticides. These findings provide baseline information for further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in BPH.
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Sudarmo, Sudarmo, Djoko Prijono, Syafrida Manuwoto, and Damayanti Buchori. "PENGARUH EKSTRAK RANTING AGLAIA ODORATA LOUR. TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN PARASITOID ERIBORUS ARGENTEOPILOSUS (CAMERON) PADA INANG CROCIDOLOMIA BINOTALIS ZELLER." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 1, no. 2 (September 22, 2001): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.2163-70.
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The effect of Aglaia odorata Lour. twig extract on development of a parasitic wasp Eriborus argenteopilosus (Cameron) in its host Crocidolomia binotalis Zeller. This laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanolic twig extract of Aglaia odorata Lour. (Meliaceae) on the development of a parasitic wasp Eriborus argenteopilosus (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in its host larvae Crocidolomia binotalis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Extract treatment was given through the host. C. binotalis larvae were fed broccoli leaves treated with A. odorata extract at LC25, LC50, and LC70, then were exposed to the female adults E. argenteopilosus. Mortality of the parasitized host larvae, survival of immature stages of the parasitoid in the host larvae, and longevity and fecundity of the emerging female parasitoids were recorded. The results showed that combinations of extract treatments (at LC25, LC50, and LC70) and parasitization increased the mortality of the parasitized host larvae (38,4 - 42,7%) more than twice that of the parasitized control larvae. Those extract treatments, however, did not exert any negative effects on developmental time of the parasitoid immature stages nor on some morphological characters, longevity and fecundity of the emerging female parasitoids. Thus, A. odorata extract showed promise to be integrated with the parasitoid for the control of C. binotalis.
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Abdel-Azeem, H. H., G. Y. Osman, M. F. El Garhy, and K. S. Al Benasy. "Efficacy of Miltefosine and Artemether on infected Biomphalaria alexandrina snails with Schistosoma mansoni: immunological and histological studies." Helminthologia 57, no. 4 (November 19, 2020): 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0037.
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SummaryBiomphalaria alexandrina snails have received much attention due to their great medical importance as vectors for transmitting Schistosoma mansoni infection to humans. The main objective of the present work was to assess the efficacy of miltefosin a synthetic molluscicidal drug and artemether a natural molluscicidal drug. The correlation between immunological and histological observations from light and electron microscopy of the hemocytes of B. alexandrina post treatment with both drugs was also evaluated. LC50 and LC90 values were represented by 13.80 ppm and 24.40 ppm for miltefosine and 16.88 ppm and 27.97 ppm for artemether, respectively. The results showed that the treatment of S. mansoni-infected snails and normal snails with sublethal dose of miltefosine (LC25=8.20 ppm) and artemether (LC25=11.04 ppm) induced morphological abnormalities and a significant reduction in hemocytes count.
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Krzyżowski, Michał, Bartosz Baran, Bartosz Łozowski, and Jacek Francikowski. "The Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oil Fumigation on Biochemical, Behavioral, and Physiological Parameters of Callosobruchus maculatus." Insects 11, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11060344.
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This study explores the influence of rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis (L.) essential oil (EO) on the biochemical (acetylcholinesterase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase), physiological (oxygen consumption), and behavioral (open field test, repellency) parameters of an important stored product insect: cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). R. officinalis EO exhibited effective insecticidal action against C. maculatus even at relatively low concentrations. LC50 = 15.69 μL/L air, and was highly repellent at concentrations equal to or above LC25. Statistically significant inhibition in locomotor activity occurred only after the acute exposure to the EO at LC12.5 and LC25. The oxygen consumption test showed metabolism increase only at LC50. An increase in activity was observed in the case of all three enzymes examined. The presented data provides a potentially valuable resource in designing more environmentally friendly and safer insecticide agents.
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Abouelghar, Gamal Elsayed, Hanem Sakr, Hager Ali Ammar, Adel Yousef, and Moustafa Nassar. "Sublethal Effects of Spinosad (Tracer®) on the Cotton Leafworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Journal of Plant Protection Research 53, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2013-0041.
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Abstract The effects of sublethal concentrations of spinosad (Tracer®) on development, fecundity, and food utilization, in the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) were investigated. The fourth-instar larvae were fed on castor bean leaves treated with LC25 (13.9 ppm) or LC50 (57.8 ppm) of spinosad. Pupation and pupal weight were significantly reduced in both LC25 and LC50 treatments, compared with those of the controls. The fecundity rates of females in either LC25 or LC50 treatment were also reduced, compared with the controls. The residual activity of spinosad, applied on cotton at labeled field- and subfield-rates (200 and 70 g active substance (a.s.)/ 200 l water, respectively), was examined against the fifth-instar larvae of S. littoralis. Feeding deterrent effects were significantly demonstrated in larvae that fed on leaves collected from field plots with residual deposits of spinosad at 3 and 7 days old after application (DAA). The residual activity of spinosad on feeding and other metabolic parameters was decreased after 21 DAA indicating that the chemical started to degrade under field conditions. A histological study on midgut from larvae that previously fed on leaves treated with a concentration corresponding to the labeled-field rate of spinosad showed some alterations occurred after 48 and 96 h of treatment, compared to the normal midgut from the controls. The histological alterations included degeneration in the epithelial lining of the midgut and in the peritrophic matrix. Such histopathological effects are presumed to be responsible for the reduction in growth and food utilization caused by spinosad. It is, therefore, concluded that spinosad has sublethal effects on S. littoralis that may affect population dynamics in the field via reductions in survival and reproduction
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Candra Lina, Eka, Djoko Prijono, and Dadang Dadang. "PENGARUH FRAKSI AKTIF AGLAIA HARMSIANA PERKINS (MELIACEAE) TERHADAP FISIOLOGI LARVA SPODOPTERA LITURA (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 6, no. 1 (March 9, 2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.161-8.
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The effect of active fraction Aglalia harmsiana Perkins (Meliaceae) to physiology of Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae. This study was conducted to evaluate the physiological interferences in the soybean armyworm Spodoptera litura caused by active fractions of Aglaia harmsiana seed extract. The activity of the test materials was assessed by dietary preparation and topical application method. Repeated fractionations of A. harmsiana extract by chromatographic methods yielded two active fractions, designated as fraction 2-7 (0.0184%) and 2-8 (0.3773%). The results showed that fraction 2-8 had strong insecticidal activity against S. litura larvae, with LC50 by topical application and dietary preparation were 0.49% and 0.0044%, respectively. A sublethal treatment with the active fraction (LC25) reduced the relative growth rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food, and efficiency of conversion of digested food by 52.9%, 42.9%, 49.6% with topical application and 66.7%, 50%, 63.8% with dietary preparation method. The treatments with that fraction at LC10 and LC25 to the fourth instars reduced the activity of invertase enzyme by 34% and 47%, but increased the activity of trehalase by 6.2% and 12.5% as compared with controls.
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Martínez, Luis Carlos, Angelica Plata-Rueda, Francisco Andrés Rodríguez-Dimaté, Juliana Mendonça Campos, Valdeir Celestino dos Santos Júnior, Gabriela Da Silva Rolim, Flavio Lemes Fernandes, et al. "Exposure to Insecticides Reduces Populations of Rhynchophorus palmarum in Oil Palm Plantations with Bud Rot Disease." Insects 10, no. 4 (April 19, 2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10040111.
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The South American palm weevil (SAPW), Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the main pest of Elaeis guineensis and damages palm trees with bud rot disease in the Americas. The effects of six neurotoxic insecticides (abamectin, carbaryl, deltamethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid and spinosad) were evaluated against SAPW for toxicity, survival, reproduction, and mortality. Abamectin (LC50 = 0.33 mg mL−1), Carbaryl (LC50 = 0.24 mg mL−1), deltamethrin (LC50 = 0.17 mg mL−1), and fipronil (LC50 = 0.42 mg mL−1) were the most toxic to SAPW. Adult survival was 95% without exposure to insecticides, decreasing to 78–65% in insects treated with the LC25 and 49–35% in insects exposed to LC50. Sublethal doses of carbaryl, fipronil and imidacloprid showed significant effect on the reproduction of this insect. Mortality of SAPW populations caused by insecticides had similar effects in the laboratory and field conditions. The results suggest that carbaryl, deltamethrin, fipronil, and imidacloprid caused significantly higher mortality as compared to the control in SAPW and may be used to control its populations in oil palm trees where bud rot appears as the key disease for SAPW attraction and infestation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LC50, LC25"
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Wisdahl, Michele. "Self-esteem, dreams & indignation : lessons from an emerging middle-class private high school in Northeast Brazil." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8867.
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This thesis provides an ethnography of the final year at an emerging middle-class private high school in the Northeast of Brazil. It draws on 15 months of fieldwork, including participant observation in the classroom wherein I followed students whilst they prepared for vestibular (the university entrance exam). Students' movements through Fortaleza, one of the world's most unequal cities, produced knowledge about the kind of person that one could and should be in the future. Private schooling appeared to provide a route for students to realise that metaphorical (and perhaps physical) movement. Vestibular served as a sort of rite of passage that could transform (emerging middle-class) youth into (middle-class) adults. Students and teachers characterised vestibular as a luta (fight) that could be won with enough training, flexibility and commitment. Good or high self-esteem was needed to overcome laziness and endure this luta and, thus, teachers and students worked on producing better self-esteem through affective work. Dreams (aspirations for the future) also played a critical role: the school encouraged students to engage in time work, to imagine appropriate future(s) into which students could channel their energies in the present. This version of individual power differed from the political and economic power structures portrayed in the classroom. Students grew indignant as, through curriculum and pedagogy, they came to understand that they were oppressed and that Brazil was underdeveloped and not quite modern. The university entrance exam served as a national meritocratic ritual that portrayed Brazil as becoming modern with governable and governing citizens. Students resisted these assertions and/but their cynicisms belied hope for better imagined futures. Using the classroom as container, this thesis presents a portrait of people and ideas in formation during a post-Lula era.
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Leung, Jessica. "Implications of copper and nickel exposure to different members of the Hyalella azteca species complex." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8356.
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Hyalella azteca, an amphipod crustacean, is frequently used in freshwater toxicity tests. Since the mid-1980s, numerous organizations have collected and established cultures of H. azteca originating from localities across North America. However, H. azteca is actually a large cryptic species complex whose members satisfy both the biological and the phylogenetic species concepts. Recently, two publications reported that members of the H. azteca cryptic species complex have different toxicity responses to anions and an insecticide. In this study, four members of the H. azteca species complex were identified with DNA barcoding. The genetic variation among the four clades was consistent with interspecific distances between species. These lineages (clades 1, 3, 6, and 8) were cultured in identical conditions and monitored on a weekly basis to determine two life history traits: adult mortality and juvenile production. The large-bodied clades had significantly better survival and juvenile production compared to the small-bodied clade 3. Clade 6 had very low juvenile production and high mortality; therefore, was not included in this study. Unique culture protocols may be required for each clade to optimize growth, survival, and juvenile production in laboratory conditions. Genetic barcoding has identified only two clades in a survey of 17 laboratories. Therefore these two clades (1 and 8) were compared after exposure to copper and nickel 14-day toxicity tests. Clade 8 was 2.3-2.6 times more tolerant to copper exposure than clade 1 based on their LC50 and LC25. Similarly, clade 8 was more tolerant to nickel exposure than clade 1: LC50 was 1.8 times higher for the former. Nickel LBC50 and LBC25 were significantly different between clades by a factor of 2.1-2-8. Mortality (relative to copper concentrations in tissue), growth, and bioaccumulation responses were not significantly different based on overlapping confidence intervals. Although clades 1 and 8 are both large-bodied ecomorphs, these lineages had significantly different body mass (i.e., dry weight) after 14 days. The results of this study indicate that genetically characterized cultures of H. azteca should be used in toxicity tests.
Book chapters on the topic "LC50, LC25"
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Rodrigues, Janaína Nunes, Jéssica Severo da Silva, and Francinaide de Lima Silva Nascimento. "EXPERIÊNCIA DE EDUCAÇÃO LIBERTADORA DO CAPS JOÃO C MARA." In Educação Profissional e contradições sociais: pontos e contrapontos, 188–95. FAMEN, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36470/famen.2019.lc20.
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Torres, Maria José Fernandes, Andrezza Maria Batista do Nascimento Tavares, and José Moisés Nunes da Silva. "O TRABALHO DO TÉCNICO DE ENFERMAGEM NO BRASIL E O SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE." In Educação Profissional e contradições sociais: pontos e contrapontos, 46–54. FAMEN, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36470/famen.2019.lc5.
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