Academic literature on the topic 'LCC'
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Journal articles on the topic "LCC"
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Cañero, D. Cordoba, and M. I. G. Roncero. "Functional Analyses of Laccase Genes from Fusarium oxysporum." Phytopathology® 98, no. 5 (May 2008): 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-5-0509.
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Six laccase genes, lcc1, lcc2, lcc3, lcc4, lcc5, and lcc9, of the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum were isolated and characterized. All genes have the characteristic conserved domains for copper binding of phenol oxidase enzymes. Targeted inactivation of lcc1, lcc3, and lcc5 resulted in a significant decrease of extracellular laccase activity. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that lcc1, lcc2, and lcc9 were constitutively expressed in culture, whereas lcc3 and lcc5 appeared down and up-regulated, respectively, by PacC. Oxidative stress conditions and phenolic compounds altered the growth rate of the Δlcc3 mutant compared with the wild-type. lcc1, lcc3, and lcc9 were expressed in roots and stems during the infection process. However, inactivation of lcc1, lcc3, and lcc5 had no detectable effects on virulence on tomato plants.
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Kulkarni, Prof Avadhut. "Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 3389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35712.
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In the Development of construction materials Sustainable use of natural resources has become a necessity in India. In this project work, an LCA study is carry out for an AAC block production for environmental assessment. In addition to the LCA, the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis is also applied for economic assessment. The LCA is performed according to ISO 14040. Firstly, a cradle to gate LCA method performed for one meter cube of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block. The LCCA method include in the OpenLCA software which is choose to calculate impact categories i.e. abiotic depletion, global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, Eco toxicity, ozone depletion potential and photochemical oxidation potential. The last few decades, several approaches have been developed by agencies and institutions for Bricks Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). The LCC analysis was performed by developing a price model for internal and external cost categories within the software.
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Yu, Bao Ying, Fen Lian Xu, and Yu Xin Gao. "Experimental Study on Particle Size Distribution of Admixtures on the Strength Influence of Low Clinker Cement." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1415.
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By testing flexural and compressive strength at different ages, the influence of particle size distribution of slag and fly ash on the strength of LCC (low clinker cement) were systematically studied. The SEM (scanning electron microscope) and laser particle size analyzer were used to study the multi-component cementitious and dense-packing effects of LCC. The results show that the strength development of LCC4 with 30% clinker could completely meet the requirements of P.O 42.5R by varying the type, content or fineness of admixtures; based on a higher fly ash and lower clinker dosage, the strength development of LCC9 is also relatively good.
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Schneider-Marin, Patricia, Anne Winkelkotte, and Werner Lang. "Integrating Environmental and Economic Perspectives in Building Design." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 4637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084637.
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With increasing environmental damage and decreasing resource availability, sustainability assessment in the building sector is gaining momentum. A literature review shows that the related methods for environmental and economic performance, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC), show great potential for answering a multitude of questions related to building performance. Prevalent topics are the implications of LCA and LCC for retrofit solutions and the trade-offs between environmental and economic considerations in building design. A detailed review of 30 case studies shows the range of differing result integration methods and sheds light on the use of monetary valuation of environmental indicators for an integrated assessment. While a quasi-dynamic approach, accounting for the changing value of money over time, is common in LCC, such an approach is largely absent from LCA. The analysis of common metrics shows that the studies employ strongly differing system boundaries and input parameters. Moreover, a clear description of the methodological framework is missing in most studies. Therefore, this research develops an “Eco2” framework, integrating LCA and LCC for application in building design. Potential further developments for Eco2 building assessment are related to extending the system boundaries by including mechanical systems and end-of-life phases, data collection and structuring, and streamlining the approach for continuous application to all stages of building design processes. Additionally, the influence on design decisions of employing temporal parameters in both LCA and LCC and of choosing particular result integration methods should be investigated further.
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Guo, Fengdi, Jeremy Gregory, and Randolph Kirchain. "Probabilistic Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Pavements Based on Simulation Optimization." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (April 4, 2019): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119838984.
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Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a way to evaluate the long-term cost effectiveness of different pavement designs or treatment actions. Owing to the existence of uncertainties, many probabilistic LCCA models have been proposed. They mainly use a prescribed treatment schedule or determine schedules by mechanistic-empirical analysis, potentially leading to the overestimation of life-cycle cost (LCC). In this paper, a new probabilistic simulation-optimization LCCA model is proposed. This new model determines treatment schedules by minimizing total LCC, including agency and user cost, which is different from current probabilistic models. In addition, it also incorporates uncertainties of treatment costs and deterioration processes. Two case studies are presented. The first one shows the influence of treatment schedule uncertainties on LCC distributions. After considering treatment schedule uncertainties, a tighter LCC distribution is estimated. The second case study compares the new model and a conventional prescribed-schedule model from the perspective of pavement design selection. The results show that the simulation-optimization model could lead to different preferred pavement designs than the prescribed-schedule model.
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Bulboacă, Adriana, Alina Porfire, Lucia Tefas, Paul Boarescu, Sorana Bolboacă, Ioana Stănescu, Angelo Bulboacă, and Gabriela Dogaru. "Liposomal Curcumin is Better than Curcumin to Alleviate Complications in Experimental Diabetic Mellitus." Molecules 24, no. 5 (February 27, 2019): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050846.
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Curcumin (CC) is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties and has already been tested for its efficiency in different diseases including diabetes mellitus (DM). New formulations and route administration were designed to obtain products with higher bioavailability. Our study aimed to test the effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of liposomal curcumin (lCC) as pre-treatment in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced DM in rats on oxidative stress, liver, and pancreatic functional parameters. Forty-two Wistar-Bratislava rats were randomly divided into six groups (seven animals/group): control (no diabetes), control-STZ (STZ-induced DM —60 mg/100g body weight a single dose intraperitoneal administration, and no CC pre-treatment), two groups with DM and CC pre-treatment (1mg/100g bw—STZ + CC1, 2 mg/100g bw—STZ + CC2), and two groups with DM and lCC pre-treatment (1 mg/100g bw—STZ + lCC1, 2 mg/100g bw—STZ + lCC1). Intraperitoneal administration of Curcumin in diabetic rats showed a significant reduction of nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, total oxidative stress, and catalase for both evaluated formulations (CC and lCC) compared to control group (p < 0.005), with higher efficacy of lCC formulation compared to CC solution (p < 0.002, excepting catalase for STZ + CC2vs. STZ + lCC1when p = 0.0845). The CC and lCC showed hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic effects, a decrease in oxidative stress and improvement in anti-oxidative capacity status against STZ-induced DM in rats (p < 0.002). The lCC also proved better efficacy on MMP-2, and -9 plasma levels as compared to CC (p < 0.003, excepting STZ + CC2 vs. STZ + lCC1 comparison with p = 0.0553). The lCC demonstrated significantly better efficacy as compared to curcumin solution on all serum levels of the investigated markers, sustaining its possible use as adjuvant therapy in DM.
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Carvalho, José Pedro, Fernanda Schmitd Villaschi, and Luís Bragança. "Assessing Life Cycle Environmental and Economic Impacts of Building Construction Solutions with BIM." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 8914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168914.
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Worldwide authorities are increasingly concerned about construction’s efficiency and sustainability, leading to the development of high-performance buildings. However, such facts have shifted a significant percentage of the building life cycle environmental impacts from the operation to the product and construction phases. Thus, the need to evaluate and select more sustainable materials and construction solutions arises, to also minimize impacts from these stages. To evaluate those impacts, LCA and LCC analysis are usually applied to assess the building impacts and costs, through the different life cycle stages. Despite the usefulness of LCA and LCC methods during the project phase, they are usually evaluated in the project later stages. It is too complex and time-consuming to gather and process all the required data during the project early stages. With the recent deployment of BIM, the opportunity to automate and shift LCA and LCC analysis to project early stages stands out. Facing the research gap, this study aims to develop a BIM-based decision-making tool for designers to evaluate the environmental, economic, and functional performance of different building construction solutions. To do so, 18 different simulation scenarios have been created in Autodesk Revit with different combinations of external walls, roofs, and floors. Then, a framework was developed in Dynamo to automatically characterize the building elements life cycle environmental impacts and costs, as well as to automate the LCA and LCC analysis during the project early stages. The outcomes can significantly reduce the required time, errors and efforts when performing LCA and LCC analysis, providing designers with real time decision support data and making an important contribution to the use of BIM for sustainability purposes.
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Baldoni, Edoardo, Silvia Coderoni, Elisa Di Giuseppe, Marco D’Orazio, Roberto Esposti, and Gianluca Maracchini. "A Software Tool for a Stochastic Life Cycle Assessment and Costing of Buildings’ Energy Efficiency Measures." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 7975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147975.
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This article presents a novel software tool for the assessments of life-cycle environmental impacts and costs, which is aimed to support decision-making in the design phase of retrofit interventions in the building sector. By combining Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) calculations and functionalities, this tool allows evaluating the long-term trade-offs between economic and environmental performance of investment projects in energy efficiency for buildings, while accounting for uncertainties in input parameters and economic scenarios. A major novelty of the software tool is the stochastic nature of both the LCC and LCA dimensions. The LCA is implemented with Monte-Carlo methods, while the LCC accounts for the probabilistic interdependence of macroeconomic variables over time. The software also includes advanced specific tools for parametrization and sensitivity analysis. Exemplary applications are presented in order to illustrate the novelty and the functionalities of the software tool.
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Abu, R., M. A. A. Aziz, and Z. Z. Noor. "Integrated Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Costing and Multi Criteria Decision Making for Food Waste Composting Management." Journal of Advanced Research in Business and Management Studies 21, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arbms.21.1.19.
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The integrated models specifically designed to help decision-making in food waste (FW) composting management through the analysis of previous research studies are reviewed. The integrated models are built predominantly within three decision-supporting tools, which include life-cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC), and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). Different integrated models were discussed and their strengths, limitations, and crucial problems as well as their potential integration were evaluated. Apparently, there has been no in-depth analysis of its approaches and potentialities of combining harmonically the LCA, LCC, and MCDM analysis tools in the FW composting management which taking into consideration multiple stakeholders. Thus, the combined LCA, LCC and MCDM with cluster analysis (CA) is suggested. The concepts underlying the sustainable FW composting management model can be divided into several aspects in terms of environmental friendliness, financial profitability, and social acceptance. This gives an insight and facilitates to waste management sectors to decide on a preferable FW composting management.
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Van Gulck, Lisa, Stijn Van de Putte, Nathan Van Den Bossche, and Marijke Steeman. "Comparison of an LCA and LCC for façade renovation strategies designed for change." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 18005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017218005.
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This paper examines the environmental and financial impact of façade renovation strategies designed for change and how taking into account each of these aspects will lead to different renovation decisions. In a first part of the paper the optimal construction method for different façade renovation strategies is searched from the environmental point of view. This is done through life cycle analysis (LCA). In a second part of the paper the financial impact of the results obtained with LCA is determined. This is done with life cycle costing (LCC). The results show that although both LCA and LCC are life cycle studies that follow similar principles and boundaries this does not mean that LCA and LCC based decisions will coincide. For the environmental score the operational energy of a building has the largest impact and energy efficiency measures will often be beneficial. For the financial cost the investment cost is the most important impact and energy efficiency measures will only pay off to a certain extent. Decisions that are based solely on the financial cost may thus lead to sub-optimal solutions from an environmental point of view.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LCC"
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Georges, Steve, and Oskar Larsson. "Isoleringsmaterials påverkan på LCA och LCC i prefabricerade småhus." Thesis, Jönköping University, Tekniska Högskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50505.
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Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka huruvida olika isoleringsmaterial inom byggsektorn påverkar CO2-utsläppen, kostnaden och köldbryggor i småhus. Detta utfördes för att belysa vilka effekter det medföra kortsiktigt och långsiktigt för både byggföretagen samt för klimatet. Metod: Metoderna som användes var litteraturstudie, dokumentanalys och fallstudie. Resultat: Resultaten från empirin visade att isoleringsmaterialet fick relativt stora konsekvenser för de totala energiförlusterna. Detta genom att köldbryggorna och U-värdenas storlek förändras medan areor och längderna på köldbryggorna är konstanta. Skillnaderna blir tydligare ju större area huset har (inklusive antal våningar) och det ger i de flesta fall även upphov till längre köldbryggor. Resultatet visade att cellulosa hade det bästa LCC-värdet medan aerogel hade det sämsta LCC-värde, aerogel var cirka 790% värre än cellulosa. Aerogel hade lägst koldioxidutsläpp vid utsläpp från el som bedriver huset medans mineralull, cellplast, cellulosa släpper ut cirka 10% mer än aerogel. Vid isoleringsmaterialproduktion släpper aerogel mest koldioxid och cellulosan absorberar koldioxid. Konsekvenser: Isoleringsmaterialet har en stor inverkan på energiförlusterna i småhus. Det främsta skälet till att välja ett bättre isoleringsmaterial är på grund av värmekonduktivitet, då det får miljömässiga och ekonomiska konsekvenser. Lägre energiförbrukning är positivt för miljön. Begränsningar: På grund av examensarbetets omfattning begränsades undersökningen till småhus som är stationerade i Sverige. Det medförde att studien anpassades efter krav som återfinns I BBR (Boverkets Byggregler). Beräkningarna och värden för köldbryggorna är endast utförda teoretiskt, d. v. s ingen uppföljning sker eftersom tiden och resurserna inte är tillräckliga. Nyckelord: Aerogel, cellplast, cellulosa, energiförluster, energitransmission, hållbart byggande isoleringsmaterial, långsiktigt byggande, köldbryggor, mineralull, polyuretan,Purpose: The purpose was to analyze to which degree different insulation materials affected the, CO2-emissions, cost and thermal bridges in houses. This was due to the fact that we wanted to highlight the effects it brought in the long and short run for both the building companies but also for the environment. Method: The methods used was literature studies, document analysis and case study. Findings: The results from the empiricism showed that the insulations material had relatively large consequences for the total energy losses. This due to the thermal bridges and the U-values size change while the areas and the lengths of the thermal bridges remain constant. The differences become more distinct with larger areas on the houses (including the amount of building floors) and usually result in longer thermal bridges. The results of the empirical study showed that cellulose had the best LCC value while aerogel had the worst LCC value, aerogel was about 790% worse than cellulose. Aerogel had the best carbon dioxide emissions when emitted from electricity while mineral wool, cellular plastic, cellulose emitted about 10% more than aerogel. In insulating material production, aerogel releases most carbon dioxide and the cellulose absorb carbon dioxide. Implications: The insulation material does have a large impact on the energy transmission in houses. There is more than one reason to choose a better insulation material, mainly because of environmental and economic reasons. Less energy consumption is positive for the environment. Limitations: Due to the extent of the examination project this study was limited to houses stationed in Sweden. It resulted in the study being costumed to fit the requirements in Boverket national board of housing, building and planning. The calculations and the values of the thermal bridges are only calculated in theory. Keywords: Aerogel, cellulose, energy loss, insulation material, mineral wool, polyurethane, polystyrene, sustainable building, thermal bridges,
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Fetahagic, Adi, and Henrik Pantzar. "LCA och LCC av olika isoleringsmaterial i en träbaserad väggkonstruktion." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-41116.
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Syfte: Syftet med arbetet var att utföra en jämförelse av olika isoleringsmaterial i en träbaserad väggkonstruktion genom LCA och LCC och att sedan skapa ett beslutsunderlag vid val av isoleringsmaterial. Tidigare forskning kring koldioxidutsläpp för olika byggmaterial finns. Däremot är det inte vanligt att dessa studeras tillsammans med ekonomiska aspekter. Målet med arbetet var att genomföra en LCA- och LCC-jämförelse av mineralull och andra typer av isoleringsmaterial i en träbaserad väggkonstruktion och genom resultatet skapa beslutsunderlag vid val av isoleringsmaterial. Detta bryts ner i tre frågeställningar: (1) Vilket isoleringsmaterial ger minst koldioxidbelastning med förutsättningen att tjockleken på isoleringsmaterialet ger samma u-värde i en väggkonstruktion? (2) Vilket isoleringsmaterial har lägst LCC med förutsättningen att tjockleken på isoleringsmaterialet ger samma u-värde i en väggkonstruktion? (3) Hur kan LCA- och LCC-resultat sammanvägas för att skapa beslutsunderlag för val av isoleringsmaterial? Metod: För att besvara ovan nämnda frågeställningar genomförs en litteraturstudie, fallstudie med livscykelanalys och livscykelkostnadsanalys samt dokumentanalys. Resultat: Fyra olika isoleringsmaterial i en träbaserad väggkonstruktion studerades med hänsyn till koldioxidutsläpp och livscykelkostnader. Materialåtgång och u-värde beräknades för väggkonstruktionen. Funktionell enhet för analyserna är 1 kvadratmeter av väggkonstruktionen med ett u-värde på först 0,164 W/m2K och sedan 0,106 W/m2K. Det material som leder till lägst koldioxidutsläpp för väggkonstruktionen är i första hand cellulosa och därefter träfiber, mineralull och sist polyuretan. Det material som leder till lägst kostnader för väggkonstruktionen är i första hand mineralull, cellulosa, träfiber och sist polyuretan. Konsekvenser: Arbetet visar att val av isoleringsmaterial kan sänka koldioxidutsläpp under produktionsfasen utan att medföra höga kostnader. Det visar även att val av isoleringsmaterial blir än mer relevant när energisnåla byggnader ska produceras där u-värde för väggkonstruktionen ligger runt 0,11 W/m2K då detta innebär större isoleringstjocklekar totalt för väggen. För att minska koldioxidutsläpp utan att nämnvärt höja kostnaden bör organiska isoleringsmaterial väljas. Begränsningar: Arbetet behandlar ej klimatpåverkan från husets energi- eller uppvärmningssystem. För att få samma förutsättningar för de valda isoleringsmaterialen måste samma u-värden i väggkonstruktionen uppnås. Arbetet avser hela livscykeln från vagga till grav i en LCA och LCC, dock har utsläpp genererade av transport utelämnats i analyserna. Enbart de termiska och miljömässiga egenskaperna hos isoleringsmaterialen kommer att beaktas. I fallstudien beaktas en träbaserad yttervägg av ett flerbostadshus med trästomme.Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to perform a comparison of different insulation materials in a wood-based wall structure through LCA and LCC analysis, and then tocreate a decision base for the selection of insulation material. Previous research oncarbon dioxide emissions for various building materials has been done. On the otherhand, it is not common for these to be studied together with economic aspects. The aimof the work is to perform an LCA and LCC comparison of mineral wool and other types of insulation material in a wood-based wall structure and through the result create decision basis in the selection of insulation material. This is investigated by three questions: (1) Which insulation material emits the lowest amount CO2-equivalents, considering that the thickness of the insulation material has the same u-value in a wall structure? (2) Which insulation material leads to lowest LCC, considering that the thickness of the insulation material gives the same u-value in a wall structure? (3) How can LCA and LCC results together create decision bases for choosing insulation materials? Method: In order to answer the above questions a literature study, case study with lifecycle analysis and life cycle cost analysis and document analysis is conducted. Findings: Four different insulation materials in a wood-based wall structure were studied concerning carbon dioxide emissions and life cycle costs. Material utilization and u-value were calculated for the wall structure. Functional unit for the analyses is 1 square meter of the wall structure with a u-value of 0.166 W/m2K and 0.107 W/m2K. The material that leads to the lowest carbon dioxide emissions for the wall structure is cellulose, wood fibre, mineral wool and lastly polyurethane. The material that leads tothe lowest cost of the wall structure is mineral wool, cellulose, wood fibre and lastly polyurethane. Implications: The work shows that the choice of insulation materials can reduce carbondioxide emissions during the production phase without incurring excessive costs. It alsoshows that the choice of insulation materials becomes even more relevant when energy efficient buildings are to be produced where the u-value of the wall structure is around 0.11 W/m2K, as this means larger insulation thicknesses in total for the wall. In orderto reduce CO2 emissions without significantly increasing costs, organic insulation materials should be chosen. Limitations: The work does not address climate impact from the house's energy or heating system. To get the same conditions for the selected insulation materials, thesame u-values in the wall structure must be achieved. The work concerns the entire lifecycle from cradle to grave in an LCA and LCC, however, emissions generated bytransport have been omitted in the analyses. Only the thermal and environmental properties of the insulation materials are treated. The case study considers a wood-based exterior wall of a multi-story building.
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Almberg, Jan. "Användning av LCC : Vad krävs för att utforma en LCC-modell?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12719.
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Titel: Användning av LCC. Vad krävs för att utforma en LCC-modell? Bakgrund: Försvarsmakten äger och anskaffar komplicerad materiel som ska fungera under en lång livslängd. Materielförsörjningen ska vara kostnadseffektiv och kostnaderna kända ur ett livscykelperspektiv i största möjligaste mån. Life Cycle Cost (LCC) är en metod som kan bidra härtill. Vid anskaffningar och upphandlingar påbjuds det att LCC ska användas bland annat i syfte att öka kostnadseffektiviteten och få kontroll på kostnader. Till detta krävs en organisation som vet hur man genomför LCC på lämpligaste sätt. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva och belysa hur det går till och vad som krävs vid framtagning av LCC-modeller och praktisk användning av LCC och därigenom även bidra till ökad kunskap och förståelse för LCC-arbetet. Avgränsningar: I den här uppsatsen avgränsas arbetet att gälla inom FMV:s organisation och till huvudsak avhandla vad som krävs av organisationen, t.ex. i form av kompetens hos personal, för att utforma LCC-modeller. Metod: Delvis strukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med tre inom området erfarna och kunniga personer. Intervjuunderlag med öppna svar konstruerades utifrån studiens syfte och frågeställning som underlag för intervjuerna. Resultatet från intervjuerna bildade empiri. Empirin diskuterades och tolkade i förhållande till teorin varefter resultatet presenteras. Resultat, slutsatser: Studien ger en bild av vad som krävs för att bedriva LCC-arbete. Den visar vilka kompetenser som behövs (stor bredd av kompetenser krävs) och hur man kan organisera arbetet. Studien visar vad som styr utformning av LCC-modeller och poängterar olika risker och svårigheter i sammanhanget. Hur man kan förebygga och minimera risker och missförstånd framkommer. Studien poängterar problem och svårighet kopplat till kvaliteten på uppföljningssystem och likaså kvalitet vad avser data, både tillgänglighet och relevans.
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Andersson, Lucas, and Tim Fjällström. "LCC och LCA-baserad jämförelse mellan batteridriven och bensindriven produkt." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96203.
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Många länder försöker minska sitt användande av fossila bränslen och istället använda sig utav förnyelsebara alternativ. Ett vanligt sätt att göra detta är att gå från bensindrivna motorer till eldrivna. Denna studie undersöker därför produkter ur samma produktsortiment som har samma grundfunktion och användningsområde men olika drivmedel. Syftet med detta är att få ökad förståelse för produkternas kostnader samt öka förståelsen för hur deras drift påverkar miljön. Studien genomfördes som en fallstudie på Swepac i Ljungby. Studiens genomförande följer delar ur LCC, LCA, CELA och break-even metoder för att kunna uppnå syftet. Miljöpåverkan mäts i koldioxidekvivalenter och en omräkningsfaktor används för att omvandla utsläppen till ett monetärt värde som går att använda i beräkningar av kostnader. Resultatet visar att ett break-even mellan maskinerna uppstår efter 6.9 år, livslängden är dock 5 år. Både miljöpåverkan, drift- och underhållskostnader är lägre för den eldrivna, dock gör den stora skillnaden i inköpspris att det tar lång tid innan ett break-even uppstår.Many countries are trying to reduce the usage of fossil fuels and instead they are trying to find renewable alternatives. A common way to do this is to go from gasoline engines to electric engines. The purpose of the study is to gain a greater understanding of the products costs and environmental impact during their usage. The study was conducted as a case study at Swepac, Ljungby. The study’s implementation follows parts from LCC, LCA, CELA and the breakeven method in order to achieve the purpose. The environmental impact is measured in carbon dioxide equivalents and a conversion factor is used to convert the emissions to a monetary value that can be used in calculations of costs. The result shows that breakeven between the machines arises after 6.9 years, however, the service life is only 5 years. Both environmental impact, operating and maintenance costs is lower for the electrical option, however, the big difference in purchase price makes it take a long time for a breakeven to occur.
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Lunnergård, Filip, and David Nilsson. "Integrering av LCA och LCC i en multikriterieanalys : Optimering av byggnadsdelar." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-41162.
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Syfte: Detta examensarbete behandlar integrering av miljöbelastning och kostnader vid projektering av byggnader. Enligt tidigare forskning och svenska rapporter är användningen av livscykelkostnader och livscykelanalyser begränsad inom byggsektorn. Än mer begränsad är sammanvägning av dessa analyser för optimering av byggdelar och hela byggnadsverk. Målet med detta examensarbete är därför att testa en konceptmodell vilken syftar till att integrera miljöbelastning och kostnader under en hellivscykel. Frågeställningarna som besvaras är ”Hur kan fasadmaterial utvärderas utifrån miljömässiga och ekonomiska aspekter?” och ”Hur kan kostnader och miljöbelastning sammanvägas för att skapa beslutsunderlag för val avfasadmaterial?”. Metod: Konceptmodellen prövas genom en fallstudie där ett antal fasader utgör fallet. Dessutom jämförs resultaten från fallstudien med inhämtade data från genomförd litteraturstudie. Resultat: Studien visar att den testade konceptmodellen fungerar med hjälp av relativt enkla verktyg. En multikriterieanalys genomförs på resultaten från LCA och LCC vilket genererar jämförbara slutvärden för fasaderna. Konsekvenser: Slutsatser som kan dras utifrån studien är att LCA och LCC är relativt enkla att genomföra i tidiga skeden om schablonvärden för livslängder kan nyttjas och modellinläsning mot en färdig miljödatabas finns tillgänglig. Vidare visar studien att multikriterieanalysen COPRAS är lämplig för integrering av miljöpåverkan och kostnader. Vidare studier på konceptmodellen bör genomföras med hjälp av intervjuer i branschen. Begränsningar: Studiens resultat begränsas av det faktum att den genomförs som en fallstudie där författarna bedömer huruvida konceptmodellen går att använda eller ej. För större förståelse kring hur användbar den är i praktiken och vilka modifieringar som bör genomföras måste branschens åsikter beaktas, exempelvis med hjälp av intervjuer.
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Березін, Л. М. "Порівняльний LCC-аналіз технічних систем." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19191.
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Rydin, Sara, and Sofia Olsson. "En jämförelse av koldioxidutsläpp i en byggnads klimatskal beroende på val av isoleringsmaterial." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45519.
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Syfte: En betydande del av Sveriges totala växthusgaser kommer ifrån bygg- och fastighetssektorn. Då livscykelperspektivet är ett högaktuellt ämne är det intressant att implementera LCA i bygg- och fastighetsbranschen och genomföra en analys på de isoleringsmaterial som anses vara de traditionella inom branschen. För att resultatet av LCA ska vara applicerbart för företag i branschen är det också av intresse att veta hur LCC skiljer sig mellan de jämförda isoleringsmaterialen. För att resultatet ska vara lätt att identifiera är en sammanställning av kostnad i kontrast till koldioxidutsläpp av intresse. Målet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om olika isoleringsmaterials miljöpåverkan utifrån ett livscykelperspektiv. Likaså att se hur stor skillnad det blir i kostnad mellan isoleringsmaterial med mer eller mindre koldioxidutsläpp, där en förutsättning är att U-värdet är detsamma för de jämförda materialen. Metod: De vetenskapliga metoderna för studien har varit litteraturstudie, fallstudie och dokumentanalys. Som komplement till dessa har beräkningar, livscykelanalyser och livscykelkostnadsanalyser genomförts. Resultat: Lösull av cellulosa minskar koldioxidutsläppet för isoleringen i vindsbjälklag med 94,6 procent till en kostnadsökning motsvarande 30 procent jämfört med stenull. En skiva av cellulosa minskar koldioxidutsläppet för isoleringen i yttervägg med 94,4 procent till en kostnadsökning motsvarande 7 procent jämfört med stenull. En bottenplatta av cellglas minskar koldioxidutsläppen med 65,1 procent till en kostnadsökning motsvarande 55,2 procent jämfört med en bottenplatta av cellplast och betong. Konsekvenser: • Isolering av cellulosa har ett betydligt lägre koldioxidutsläpp än stenull. • Livscykelkostnad för cellulosa är något högre än för stenull. • Utifrån denna studie rekommenderas att prioritera miljö framför kostnad och därför använda cellulosa som isolering i byggnader. • Cellglas är ett miljömässigt hållbart alternativ till cellplast och betong vid grundläggning. • Cellglas har en högre livscykelkostnad än cellplast och betong vid grundläggning. • Utifrån denna studie rekommenderas att prioritera miljö framför kostnad och därför överväga att använda cellglas vid grundläggning av byggnader. Begränsningar: Undersökningen har inte tagit hänsyn till transporter av material. Livscykelanalyserna är gjorda på 1 m2 material med en bestämd tjocklek. Endast två isoleringsalternativ per byggnadsdel har jämförts och hänsyn till materialens fukt-, ljud och brandegenskaper har inte beaktats. Studien är kvantitativ.Purpose: A big part of the greenhouse gases from Sweden comes from the construction and real estate sector. Since the life cycle perspective is a high currant subject it is interesting to implement LCA to the building industry and perform such an analysis on the insulation materials that are traditionally used in the building industry. To make the result of the LCA applicable for companies in the industry it is also of interest to know how the LCC differs between the compared insulation materials. For the result to be easy to identify it is necessary to make a compilation of the cost in contrast to the carbon dioxide emissions. The goal of this study is to contribute with knowledge about the environmental impact from a life cycle perspective of different insulation materials. As well to see how the cost might change between different insulation materials with more or less carbon dioxide emissions, where a presumption is that the U-value is the same for the compared materials. Method: The scientific methods for the study have been literature study, case study and document analysis. As a complement, calculations, life cycle assessments and life cycle cost analysis have been made. Findings: Loose fill insulation of cellulose reduces the carbon dioxide emissions for insulation in the attic with 94,6 percent to a cost increase of 30 percent compared to stone wool. A board of cellulose reduces the carbon dioxide emissions for insulation in the external wall with 94,4 percent to a cost increase of 7 percent compared to stone wool. A foundation with foamglas reduces the carbon dioxide emissions with 65,1 percent to a cost increase of 55,2 percent compared to a foundation of EPS and concrete. Implications: • Insulation of cellulose have much lower carbon dioxide emissions than stone wool. • Life cycle cost for cellulose are a bit higher than for stone wool. • From this study the recommendation is to prioritize the environment above the cost and therefor use cellulose as insulation in buildings. • Foamglas is a more sustainable alternative to EPS and concrete for foundations. • Foamglas have a higher life cycle cost than EPS and concrete for foundations. • From this study the recommendation is to prioritize the environment above the cost and therefore consider to use foamglas for foundations. Limitations: The study has not included transportations of the materials. The life cycle assessments are made on 1 m2 of material with a fixed thickness. Only two insulation materials in each building part have been analyzed and no regards have been taken to the materials moist, sound, and fire attribute. The study is quantitative.
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Mäkelä, Johan. "Miljö- och kostnadseffekter av att använda höghållfast stål i taket på Swedbank Arena." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93799.
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Examensarbetet är en studie av den fasta delen av takkonstruktionen i Swedbank Arena. Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka hur valet av att använda höghållfast stål påverkat kostnader och miljö under hela konstruktionens livstid. I undersökningen har takkonstruktionen dimensionerats med tre olika alternativ där andelen höghållfast stål i konstruktionen har varierats. Nedan beskrivs översiktligt de stålsorter som alternativen är uppbyggda av. - Alternativ A innehåller endast konventionellt stål som har sträckgräns 355 MPa. - Alternativ B är det alternativ som byggts i verkligheten. Den verkliga konstruktionen innehåller stålsorter med sträckgränser mellan 355 MPa - 900 MPa. - Alternativ C innehåller en större andel höghållfast stål än den verkliga konstruktionen. Detta alternativ innehåller stålsorter med sträckgränser 355- 900 MPa. Dimensioneringen av takkonstruktionen har utförts med programmet Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2010 som innehåller automatisk normkontroll enligt Boverkets handbok om stålkonstruktioner, BSK07. I analysen har två modeller skapats, alternativ A och C, för att kunna jämföras med den verkliga takkonstruktionen, alternativ B. Resultaten från analysen har använts i beräkningarna av kostnad och miljöpåverkan. För att beräkna miljöpåverkan användes ett livscykelanalysverktyg som är speciellt utvecklat för stål. I studien jämfördes miljöpåverkan för alternativen med höghållfast stål med ett alternativ som endast består av konventionellt stål. Det har antagits att miljöpåverkan under profiltillverkning, montage och användningsfasen är lika stora eller försumbar för studien. Miljöstudien är en jämförelsestudie. Det innebär att områden i konstruktionens livscykel som resulterar i lika stor miljöpåverkan för samtliga alternativ inte tas med i beräkningen. Kostnadsberäkningen har genomförts i samarbete med Ruukki. Med resultaten från analysen i Robot skapades ett frågeunderlag som Ruukki använde för att beräkna de totala kostnaderna för samtliga alternativ. Det som Ruukki beaktade vid prissättningen var materialpris, svetsning i verkstad, målning, transport och eventuellt byte av kran vid montage. I kostnadsanalysen har det antagits att projekteringskostnader och användning av takkonstruktionen är densamma för samtliga alternativ. Kostnadsanalysen har utförts som en jämförelsestudie mellan de olika alternativen. Stålmängderna minskar när man använder sig av höghållfast stål. Detta har medfört att både den totala kostnaden och miljöpåverkan för den verkliga konstruktionen blivit lägre i jämförelse med en konstruktion som endast består av konventionellt stål. Genom att använda höghållfast stål har man sparat mycket pengar och samtidigt reducerat miljöpåverkan.The thesis is a study of the fixed part of the roof structure in Swedbank Arena. The purpose of the study is to investigate how the choice of using high strength steel has influenced costs and environmental impact throughout the entire life cycle. The roof has been designed with three different alternatives in which the proportion of the high-strength has varied. The following text describes briefly which grades the alternatives are composed of. - Alternative A contains only conventional steel with a yield strength of 355 MPa. - Alternative B is the design that has been built. This structure contains steel with a yield strength between 355- 900 MPa. - Alternative C contains a larger proportion of high-strength steel than the existening construction. This alternative contains steel with a yield strength between 355-900 MPa. The calculations of the roof structure have been performed with the program Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2010 which has an automatic code check according to BSK07, a publication from the Swedish national Board of Housing, Building and Planning. Two different models, alternative A and C, have been created and compared with the real structure, alternative B. The results from this analysis have been used in the calculations of cost and environmental impact. In the calculations of environmental impact a life cycle analysis tool was used that has been developed especially for steel. The study compared the environmental impact of the alternatives with high strength steel with the alternative that only consists of conventional steel. It has been assumed that the environmental impact in the manufacturing of the profiles, assembly of the steel construction and the use phase is equal or negligible for the study. The environmental study is a comparison study. This means that parts of the constructions life cycle that result in an equal environment impact for all alternatives are not calculated in the study. The cost estimation was calculated in collaboration with Ruukki. The result of the analysis in Robot was used as a tender request that Ruukki used to calculate the total costs of all alternatives. In the cost calculations Ruukki took into account the differences in material prices, welding in the steel factory, painting, transportation and possible replacement of the crane during assembly. In the cost analysis it has been assumed that the cost of designing the roof structure and the use phase is the same for all alternatives. The cost analysis has been performed as a comparison study between the different alternatives. The result of the study shows that the steel volume decreased when the structure consists of high strength steel. The decrease of the steel volume resulted in a reduced total cost and environmental impact. By using high strength steel a lot of money has been saved and in the same time the environmental impact has decreased. The thesis is a study of the fixed part of the roof structure in Swedbank Arena. The purpose of the study is to investigate how the choice of using high strength steel has influenced costs and environmental impact throughout the entire life cycle. The roof has been designed with three different alternatives in which the proportion of the high-strength has varied. The following text describes briefly which grades the alternatives are composed of. - Alternative A contains only conventional steel with a yield strength of 355 MPa. - Alternative B is the design that has been built. This structure contains steel with a yield strength between 355- 900 MPa. - Alternative C contains a larger proportion of high-strength steel than the existening construction. This alternative contains steel with a yield strength between 355-900 MPa. The calculations of the roof structure have been performed with the program Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2010 which has an automatic code check according to BSK07, a publication from the Swedish national Board of Housing, Building and Planning. Two different models, alternative A and C, have been created and compared with the real structure, alternative B. The results from this analysis have been used in the calculations of cost and environmental impact. In the calculations of environmental impact a life cycle analysis tool was used that has been developed especially for steel. The study compared the environmental impact of the alternatives with high strength steel with the alternative that only consists of conventional steel. It has been assumed that the environmental impact in the manufacturing of the profiles, assembly of the steel construction and the use phase is equal or negligible for the study. The environmental study is a comparison study. This means that parts of the constructions life cycle that result in an equal environment impact for all alternatives are not calculated in the study. The cost estimation was calculated in collaboration with Ruukki. The result of the analysis in Robot was used as a tender request that Ruukki used to calculate the total costs of all alternatives. In the cost calculations Ruukki took into account the differences in material prices, welding in the steel factory, painting, transportation and possible replacement of the crane during assembly. In the cost analysis it has been assumed that the cost of designing the roof structure and the use phase is the same for all alternatives. The cost analysis has been performed as a comparison study between the different alternatives. The result of the study shows that the steel volume decreased when the structure consists of high strength steel. The decrease of the steel volume resulted in a reduced total cost and environmental impact. By using high strength steel a lot of money has been saved and in the same time the environmental impact has decreased.
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Wiktor, Mårten, and Izabelle Johansson. "Using LCA and LCC in Planning Industrial Symbiosis : A study of the handling of sewage sludge in Malmö, Sweden." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148842.
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Sewage sludge is currently being disposed by spreading it out on fields, an action that recycles important nutrients such as phosphorus, but also leads to heavy metal contamination. With impeding regulation changes, possibly making it harder or impossible to keep current practice, waste water treatment plants are reviewing their options. One solution could be mono-incineration with phosphorus recovery. However, to make the sludge have a heating value high enough to avoid support fuel it needs to be thermally dried, which requires large amounts of heat. Moreover, large investments would have to be made, creating a more complex system than the current one. Industrial symbiosis could be the solution for making it both more economically and environmentally sustainable and possible, as it is possible to utilise waste heat for the drying, and collaborating with a waste incineration company to incinerate the sludge. Setting up an industrial symbiosis exchange is not always simple; knowing who benefits from what, and who should pay for what investment can be complicated. Moreover, it is often assumed that industrial symbiosis exchanges are environmentally sustainable, but it is not always the case. To better understand how costs should be allocated, and how exchanges should look to be both economically and environmentally sustainable, the methods life cycle analysis (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCC) are suitable to use, as they allow a full view of the system, which can be broken down into different processes. The aim of this study is to see how LCA and LCC can be used on a planned symbiosis project to assess environmental and economical impacts. The results that were found was that using waste heat instead of primary produced heat was not necessarily better, both economically and environmentally in the categories acidification, eutrophication, and global warming potential. If the drying could take place solely during warmer months, through use of storage, then the heat could be produced through waste incineration, creating electricity to sell and replace marginal electricity. There was no clear cut answer to which scenario was better of the thirteen looked at in this study, as different scenarios were better in different categories, which proved the necessity of doing an LCA and a LCC, or similar methods. Moreover, the larger investments were not always the most profitable, even in the best economical scenario, showing the risk of unequal cost distribution. Similarly, the best scenario to avoid global warming potential involved using storage of dried sludge, increasing emissions for the one responsible for the storage, whilst decreasing emissions for incineration substantially. In summary, performing a LCA and a LCC on a planned symbiosis exchange can both show how different choices affect different categories, and help mitigate risks of uneven distribution of both costs and emissions.
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Schulte, Jesko Pitt Manoel. "Smarta steg på väg mot hållbara transporter? : Snabbladdningsinfrastruktur och elvägar ur ett strategiskt livscykelperspektiv." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46795.
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Transportsektorn står för en fjärdedel av Sveriges totala energianvändning och är orsaken till en tredjedel av de nationella utsläppen av växthusgaser. Samtidigt har regeringen satt upp högt ställda mål: fordonsflottan ska vara fossiloberoende år 2030 och Sverige ska inte ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser år 2050. För att nå dit krävs det snabba och kraftfulla förändringar i transportsektorn. Elektrifiering har pekats ut som en nyckelfaktor för framgång. Men för att eldrivna fordon fullt ut ska kunna konkurrera och ersätta det fossildrivna systemet, krävs det satsningar på ny infrastruktur. Snabbladdare har redan börjat byggas på många håll, där eldrivna personbilar kan ladda sitt batteri på kort tid. Elvägar är ett samlingsnamn för innovativa tekniker där fordon, inklusive lastbilar, laddas med el från vägbanan medan de kör. Men vilken eller vilka tekniker är de mest strategiska stegen, språngbrädor, på väg mot en hållbar framtid och vad kännetecknar egentligen en sådan? Det här arbetet utgår ifrån ramverket för strategisk hållbar utveckling som kan användas för att planera mot hållbarhet i komplexa system. Dess kärna består av backcasting utifrån fyra grundläggande principer för hållbarhet. Studien använder en kombination av olika metoder för att undersöka snabbladdningsinfrastrukturens och elvägars miljöpåverkan och kostnader ur ett strategiskt livscykelperspektiv. Den kunskapen används sedan för att bygga modeller för hur utsläppen till miljön förändras per investerad krona, också beroende på hur den använda elen produceras. Resultaten visar på en stor potential för minskad miljöpåverkan för båda tekniker som dock i hög grad är beroende på elmixen. Arbetet har också visat att det är viktigt att inkludera själva infrastrukturens miljöpåverkan i livscykelanalyser då den kan spela en betydande roll. Slutligen kunde förtydligas att det i många fall inte är utsläppen av koldioxidekvivalenter som utgör den största miljöpåverkan. Därför appelleras till att utgå ifrån ett mer holistiskt perspektiv vid miljöpåverkansbedömningar. Det har även identifierats ett antal betydande faktorer som det fortfarande råder stor osäkerhet kring. Det rekommenderas därför att fylla kunskapsluckor och att utöka modellerna med både fler alternativ och fler faktorer för att få en mer detaljerad bild av vilken teknik som kan leda Sverige mot en hållbar framtid.The transport sector accounts for one fourth of Sweden’s total energy use and causes one third of the national emissions of greenhouse gases. At the same time, the Swedish government has set high goals: the vehicle fleet shall be fossil-independent until 2020 and Sweden shall not have any net emissions of greenhouse gases 2050. Quick and powerful actions are needed in order to reach these goals. Electrification has been pointed out as a key factor for success. In order for electric vehicles to be able to challenge and replace the fossil system, investment in new infrastructure is necessary. Fast chargers, where passenger cars can recharge their battery in short time, are already in place in many parts of Sweden. Electric roads is a term for new and innovative technologies where vehicles are charged from the road while they are driving. But which technique is the most strategic stepping stone on the way to sustainability? This study has its ground in the framework for strategic sustainable development which can be used to plan for sustainability in complex systems. At its core it uses backcasting from four basic sustainability principles. This work uses a combination of different methods to investigate the environmental impact and costs of fast charging infrastructure and electric roads from a strategic life cycle perspective. That information is then used to build models to take a closer look at how emissions to the environment change per invested Swedish crown, also dependent on how the used electricity is produced. The results show a large potential to decrease the environmental impact for both techniques, but it is strongly dependent on the electricity mix. Furthermore, this work shows that is is important to include the environmental impact of the infrastructure itself in life cycle analyses, because it can has a significant share in the total emissions. Finally, it is pointed out that it often not is the case that the emissions of carbon dioxide equivalents are the most important impact. It is therefore crucial to use a more holistic perspective in life cycle impact assessments. This work has identified a number of factors with large relevance but also large uncertainty. It is therefore recommended to fill the identified knowledge gaps and to expand the presented models with more factors and more alternative techniques, to get a more detailed picture of which solution is the best stepping stone on Sweden’s way to a sustainable future.
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Books on the topic "LCC"
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Harwood, Elain. Private architects and public housing and the LCC too! [U.K.]: Twentieth Century Society, 1996.
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Cochrane, Pauline A. Improving LCC and DDC for use in online catalogs and shelflists. Englewood, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited Inc, 1989.
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Atarashii kūkō keiei no kanōsei: LCC no motomeru kūkō to wa. Hyōgo-ken Nishinomiya-shi: Kansei Gakuin Daigaku Sangyō Kenkyūjo, 2012.
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Thompson, Paul. The forward march of modernisation: A history of the LCC, 1978-1998. [London?]: Labour Co-ordinating Committee, 1999.
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A vision for London, 1889-1914: Labour, everyday life and the LCC experiment. London: Routledge, 1995.
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The Bolt Court connection: A history of the LCC School of Photoengraving and Lithography, 1893-1949. London: Privately printed by the London College of Printing, 1985.
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Raphaël, Leivant Daniel Maurice, ed. Logic and computational complexity: International workshop, LCC '94, Indianapolis, IN, USA, October 13-16, 1994 : selected papers. Berlin: Springer, 1995.
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The AirAsia story 2: From two planes and RM40 million debt how AirAsia made flying possible for everyone and is now Asia's largest LCC group. Kuala Lumpur: Kanyin Publications, 2014.
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Menucourt, Journée de. LCA-LCP, nouvelles approches thérapeutiques des ligamentoplasties du genou. Montpellier: Sauramps médical, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "LCC"
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Imura, Takehiro. "Feature of P–S, P–P, LCL-LCL, and LCC-LCC." In Wireless Power Transfer, 175–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4580-1_6.
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Tzanakakis, Konstantinos. "The LCC Concept." In Springer Tracts on Transportation and Traffic, 279–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36051-0_36.
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Nakamura, Shinichiro, and Yasushi Kondo. "Waste Input-Output Analysis, LCA and LCC." In Handbook of Input-Output Economics in Industrial Ecology, 561–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5737-3_27.
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Ruegg, Rosalie T., and Harold E. Marshall. "Life-Cycle Cost (LCC)." In Building Economics: Theory and Practice, 16–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4688-4_2.
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Ray, Navneet Kumar, Anamika Das, and Ananyo Bhattacharya. "Inductively Coupled WPT System Using LCC and LCL Compensation." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 407–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6970-5_31.
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Tzanakakis, Konstantinos. "Introduction to LCC and RAMS." In Springer Tracts on Transportation and Traffic, 253–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36051-0_33.
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Alwahaishi, Saleh, and Václav Snášel. "Assessing the LCC Websites Quality." In Networked Digital Technologies, 556–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14292-5_57.
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Zhang, T. I., H. C. Jiang, and E. A. Kendall. "Agent Design for LCC Information Gathering." In Global Engineering, Manufacturing and Enterprise Networks, 313–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35412-5_37.
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Tzanakakis, Konstantinos. "Maintenance Planning Using LCC KAI RAMS." In Springer Tracts on Transportation and Traffic, 293–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36051-0_37.
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Tzanakakis, Konstantinos. "LCC and WLC (Whole Life Costing)." In Springer Tracts on Transportation and Traffic, 305–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36051-0_40.
Full textConference papers on the topic "LCC"
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Lu, B., and P. Gu. "Systematic Life Cycle Design for Sustainable Product Development." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dfm-48141.
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Sustainable product development (SPD) requires that product design achieves minimum or zero environmental impact, in addition to satisfying the traditional design criteria such as product functionality, quality, features, costs and time to market. Therefore, the environmental evaluations must be incorporated into design stage. In this research, a product design process model was proposed which includes three design requirements, two design tasks, and three comprehensive assessment streams. The functional requirement is derived from the customer needs to reflect the product’s functional purpose; the environmental requirement reflects the society’s needs of protecting natural resources and environment; and the economic requirement is to ensure the company’s basic business goals. Accordingly, SPD aims to simultaneously carry out two tasks of designing products’ physical structures and lifecycle structures. In the assessment phase of product design, three assessment streams, lifecycle quality (LCQ) analysis, lifecycle assessment (LCA), and lifecycle cost (LCC) are conducted with respect to the functional, environmental, and economic evaluations. A Process-Based Analysis concept is proposed for analysis of all three dimensions of LCQ, LCA, and LCC evaluations. Simplified LCA was used for environmental evaluations. The detailed assessment techniques are also developed for effective design evaluations. A case study will be provided to illustrate the methods and models.
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Badulescu, Adriana, and Munirathnam Srikanth. "LCC-SRN." In the 4th International Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1621474.1621519.
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Min, Congmin, Munirathnam Srikanth, and Abraham Fowler. "LCC-TE." In the 4th International Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1621474.1621520.
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Novischi, Adrian, Munirathnam Srikanth, and Andrew Bennett. "LCC-WSD." In the 4th International Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1621474.1621521.
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Giunta, Marinella, Sara Bressi, and Massimo Losa. "Sustainability in Railway Construction: LCA–LCC Based Assessment of Alternative Solutions for Track-Bed." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8008.
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Abstract The economic and environmental sustainability of the Bitumen Stabilized Ballast (BSB) as construction and maintenance practice in railway track-bed is evaluated in comparison to the traditional ballast (TB). This aim is achieved integrating the results of an attributional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), following a cradle-to-grave approach, and the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analyses. The higher durability of BSB leads to arise environmental benefits in almost all the impact categories of LCA. Nevertheless, Bitumen Emulsion (BE) originates high level of impact on certain categories and they cannot be compensated by the reduction of the minor and major maintenance activities required by the BSB solution over the life cycle. The results of the LCA have been implemented in the LCC model for accounting the external costs due to the environmental impacts. From this analysis it emerges that the BSB technology, used since the construction stage and during the routine tamping, can provide economical savings.
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Li, Wanjing, Kai Ji, Zimin Shao, and Bangyin Liu. "Power Control Method for LCC-LCC Wireless Power Transmission Without Communication." In 2022 IEEE 5th International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cieec54735.2022.9846335.
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Gordt, Antonia, Stephanie Maier, Kristina Henzler, Stephanos Camarinopoulos, Vassilis Kallidromitis, Corrado Sanna, Panagiotis Panetsos, Theodora Karali, and Kostas Bouklas. "Proactive condition-based bridge rehabilitation planning including LCA and LCC." In Fifth International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2018.650.
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Palousis, N., L. Luong, and K. Abhary. "An integrated LCA/LCC framework for assessing product sustainability risk." In RISK ANALYSIS 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/risk080131.
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Jenson, J., Jose P. Therattil, and Joshna Anna Johnson. "A Novel LCC-LCL Compensation WPT System for Better Performance." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecct.2019.8869513.
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Tupamäki, Olavi. "Total LCC and Probabilistics." In 25th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc2008/0074.
Full textReports on the topic "LCC"
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Sheppard, J. Helical Undulator Radiation(LCC-0095). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826491.
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Sheppard, J. Planar Undulator Considerations(LCC-0085). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826499.
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Raubenheimer, T. Proposed ILC Parameters(LCC-0003). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826905.
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Sheppard, J. Energy Deposition Using EGS4(LCC-0079). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826504.
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Schultz, D. NLC Positron Target Heating(LCC-0065). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826566.
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Toge, N. International Study Group Progress Report (LCC-0042). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1454233.
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Larsen, R. Virtual Global Accelerator Network (VGAN)(LCC-0083). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826501.
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Stupakov, G. Interaction Region RF Shield Issues(LCC-0059). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826618.
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Seryi, A. Monochromatization Option for NLC Collisions(LCC-0134). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826823.
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Frisch, J. NLC Crab Cavity Phase Stability(LCC-0136). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826824.
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