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Tsui, Jonathan Jenkin, Veronica Davey, and Lesley Colvin. "The impact of relocation of chronic pain service from hospital setting to community centre on patient experience: a single-centre audit." British Journal of Pain 12, no. 4 (March 20, 2018): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2049463718762975.
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Background and aims: The Lothian Chronic Pain Service relocated from a university teaching hospital (Western General Hospital (WGH)) to a community centre (Leith Community Treatment Centre (LCTC)) in 2015. Transportation and geographical location were noted by staff to be potential challenges that could negatively impact on the patient experience. The objective of this study is to evaluate how relocating pain clinic from an urban-based hospital to a peripheral community centre on patient experience. Methods: An assessment and audit of the impact of the relocation on the Patient-Reported Experience Measure (PREM) of pain services was conducted. Using a nationally developed questionnaire, the patient-reported experience from LCTC was prospectively collected in 2016 and was compared to historical data obtained from WGH in 2014 by National Health Service (NHS) Scotland. All patients attending Lothian Chronic Pain Service clinics were deemed eligible for the audit. Patient demographics were compared between the two data sets. The impact of patient deprivation on patient experience was investigated using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD16). Results: Data from 111 patients from LCTC were compared to 206 patients from WGH. Percentage of patients rating care as ‘excellent’ was found to be significantly greater at LCTC than WGH (0.0049). However, overall patient rating of care from LCTC was not significantly different from WGH data and ratings were higher at LCTC. No correlation was found between patient deprivation and PREM. Conclusion: There is no clear evidence that PREM was negatively affected by the move from a university teaching hospital to a community setting. As this only reported experiences of patients who attended the service, further studies may be warranted to investigate the impact of patient nonattendance.
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Restuaji, Ibnu Muhariawan, and Ira Oktavia. "PENGGUNAAN KITOSAN SEBAGAI ADSORBEN PROTEIN PADA LIMBAH CAIR TAHU DESA TINALAN, KOTA KEDIRI." Jurnal Kimia Riset 5, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v5i2.21722.
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Protein merupakan senyawa yang banyak terkandung di dalam limbah cair tahu. Kadar protein yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan kenaikan BOD dan COD limbah cair tahu di lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan kitosan dalam mengadsorpsi protein limbah cair tahu dari Desa Tinalan, Kota Kediri. Kadar protein awal limbah cair tahu yang teramati menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis yaitu 0,0904%. Pada saat adsorpsi, massa kitosan yang digunakan yaitu 0,25 g; 0,5 g; 0,75 g dan 1 g dengan kode sampel masing-masing kitosan-LCT1; kitosan-LCT2; kitosan-LCT3 dan kitosan-LCT4. Kitosan ditambahkan ke limbah cair tahu dan diaduk selama 8 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa massa kitosan yang optimum dalam mengadsorpsi protein limbah cair tahu adalah 0,25 g (kitosan-LCT1). Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan penurunan kadar protein limbah cair tahu hingga 37,78%. Hasil SEM menegaskan bahwa telah terjadi perubahan morfologi permukaan pada kitosan-LCT1 yang berbentuk pipih dan guratan putih. Hal ini menunjukkan telah terjadi proses adsorpsi antara kitosan dan protein. Selain itu, adsorpsi juga menyebabkan peningkatan pH limbah cair tahu mencapai 6 – 7.Kata kunci : Protein, Limbah Cair Tahu, Kitosan, Adsorpsi
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Carlson, Henrik, and Rodrigo Caballero. "Atmospheric circulation and hydroclimate impacts of alternative warming scenarios for the Eocene." Climate of the Past 13, no. 8 (August 18, 2017): 1037–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1037-2017.
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Abstract. Recent work in modelling the warm climates of the early Eocene shows that it is possible to obtain a reasonable global match between model surface temperature and proxy reconstructions, but only by using extremely high atmospheric CO2 concentrations or more modest CO2 levels complemented by a reduction in global cloud albedo. Understanding the mix of radiative forcing that gave rise to Eocene warmth has important implications for constraining Earth's climate sensitivity, but progress in this direction is hampered by the lack of direct proxy constraints on cloud properties. Here, we explore the potential for distinguishing among different radiative forcing scenarios via their impact on regional climate changes. We do this by comparing climate model simulations of two end-member scenarios: one in which the climate is warmed entirely by CO2 (which we refer to as the greenhouse gas (GHG) scenario) and another in which it is warmed entirely by reduced cloud albedo (which we refer to as the low CO2–thin clouds or LCTC scenario) . The two simulations have an almost identical global-mean surface temperature and equator-to-pole temperature difference, but the LCTC scenario has ∼ 11 % greater global-mean precipitation than the GHG scenario. The LCTC scenario also has cooler midlatitude continents and warmer oceans than the GHG scenario and a tropical climate which is significantly more El Niño-like. Extremely high warm-season temperatures in the subtropics are mitigated in the LCTC scenario, while cool-season temperatures are lower at all latitudes. These changes appear large enough to motivate further, more detailed study using other climate models and a more realistic set of modelling assumptions.
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Degan, Germano, Luca Braidotti, Alberto Marinò, and Vittorio Bucci. "LCTC Ships Concept Design in the North Europe- Mediterranean Transport Scenario Focusing on Intact Stability Issues." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030278.
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In late years, the size of RoRo cargo ships has continuously increased, leading to the so-called Large Car Truck Carriers (LCTC). The design of these vessels introduced new challenges that shall be considered during the ship design since the conceptual stage, which has a very strong impact on the technical and economic performances of the vessel during all its life-cycle. In this work, the concept design of an LCTC is presented based on Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM). A large set of design alternatives have been generated and compared in order to find out the most promising feasible designs. The proposed approach is based on a Mathematical Design Model (MDM) capable to assess all the main technical and economic characteristics for each design. Among the others, here focus has been done on the ship stability to assure the compliance with statutory rules within the MDM. A new stability metamodel has been developed capable to define the cross curves of stability at the concept design stage. The proposed MADM methodology has been applied to North Europe-Mediterranean transport scenario highlighting the impact of main particulars describing hull geometry on the technical and economic performances of an LCTC ship.
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Cloud, David, and John Norton. "Low‐cost tooling for composite parts: “the LCTC process”." Assembly Automation 21, no. 4 (December 2001): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000006013.
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Uguen, Patricia, Jean-Paul Le Pennec, and Alain Dufour. "Lantibiotic Biosynthesis: Interactions between Prelacticin 481 and Its Putative Modification Enzyme, LctM." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 18 (September 15, 2000): 5262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.18.5262-5266.2000.
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ABSTRACT Class AII and AIII lantibiotics and mersacidin are antibacterial peptides containing unusual residues obtained by posttranslational modifications of prepeptides, presumably catalyzed by LanM. LctM, the LanM for lacticin 481, is essential for the production of this class AII lantibiotic. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we showed direct contact between the prelacticin 481 and LctM, supporting the proposed LctM function. Sixteen domains are conserved between the 10 known LanM proteins, whereas three additional domains were found only in class AII LanM proteins and in MrsM, the LanM for mersacidin. All the truncated LctM proteins that we tested presented impaired LctA-binding activity.
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Benavent, Kyra A., Dafang Zhang, Elizabeth G. Matzkin, and Brandon E. Earp. "Sex-Based Differences in Optimal Tunnel Placement for Acromioclavicular Joint Reconstruction." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 232596711989327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119893276.
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Background: Tunnel placement is important for outcomes after acromioclavicular (AC) joint reconstruction, yet little has been written on sex-based differences in optimal tunnel positioning. Hypothesis: No sex-based or anatomic differences will be found in ideal tunnel position based on radiographic measurements. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The records of 2382 patients were retrospectively examined for clavicle radiographs over a 20-year period. A random set of radiographs were reviewed until 200 radiographs from each sex met inclusion criteria per a priori power analysis. Anteroposterior clavicle radiographs were used to collect (1) length from lateral clavicle to lateral coracoid (LCLC), (2) length from lateral clavicle to medial coracoid (LCMC), (3) clavicle length (CL), and (4) clavicular depth at the midcoracoid (MCCD). The Student t test was used to compare differences between male and female patients. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure linear correlations. Variables with a P < .1 were included in a multiple regression model. Results: The cohort included 200 men and 200 women. LCLC and LCMC were significantly greater for men than for women ( P < .0001). Clavicle length was significantly correlated with LCLC ( r = 0.63; P < .0001) and LCMC ( r = 0.74; P < .0001). MCCD was significantly correlated with LCLC ( r = 0.32; P < .0001) and LCMC ( r = 0.43; P < .0001). The approximate placement for the trapezoid tunnel was found to be 22.1 mm in women and 26.6 mm in men. The approximate placement for the conoid tunnel was found to be 40 mm in women and 46.6 mm in men. The ratios (LCLC:CL and LCMC:CL) were also significantly different between female and male patients. The LCLC:CL was 0.144 in women and 0.154 in men ( P < .0001). The LCMC:CL was 0.261 in women and 0.271 in men ( P < .0006). Conclusion: Significant sex-based differences are found in the position of the coracoid relative to the lateral edge of the clavicle. Coracoid position relative to the lateral edge of the clavicle is correlated with anatomic parameters, most strongly with clavicle length.
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Andries, K. J. "Towards a general description of hexagonal three-dimensional framework structures: the lateral connection of trigonal columns (LCTC) group." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 46, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 855–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876739000561x.
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Gibello, A., M. D. Collins, L. Domínguez, J. F. Fernández-Garayzábal, and P. T. Richardson. "Cloning and Analysis of the l-Lactate Utilization Genes from Streptococcus iniae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 4346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.10.4346-4350.1999.
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ABSTRACT The presence of lactate oxidase was examined in eightStreptococcus species and some related species of bacteria. A clone (pGR002) was isolated from a genomic library ofStreptococcus iniae generated in Escherichia coli, containing a DNA fragment spanning two genes designatedlctO and lctP. We show that these genes are likely to be involved in the l-lactic acid aerobic metabolism of this organism. This DNA fragment has been sequenced and characterized. A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of LctP protein demonstrated that the protein had significant homology with thel-lactate permeases of other bacteria. The amino acid sequence of the LctO protein of S. iniae also showed a strong homology to l-lactate oxidase fromAerococcus viridans and some NAD-independent lactate dehydrogenases, all belonging to the family of flavin mononucleotide-dependent α-hydroxyacid-oxidizing enzymes. Biochemical assays of the gene products confirm the identity of the genes from the isolated DNA fragment and reveal a possible role for the lactate oxidase from S. iniae. This lactate oxidase is discussed in relation to the growth of the organism in response to carbon source availability.
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Rincé, A., A. Dufour, P. Uguen, J. P. Le Pennec, and D. Haras. "Characterization of the lacticin 481 operon: the Lactococcus lactis genes lctF, lctE, and lctG encode a putative ABC transporter involved in bacteriocin immunity." Applied and environmental microbiology 63, no. 11 (1997): 4252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.11.4252-4260.1997.
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Uguen, Marilyne, and Patricia Uguen. "The LcnC homologue cannot replace LctT in lacticin 481 export." FEMS Microbiology Letters 208, no. 1 (February 2002): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11067.x.
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Rotondo, Rossella, Maria Antonietta Oliva, Sabrina Staffieri, Salvatore Castaldo, Felice Giangaspero, and Antonietta Arcella. "Implication of Lactucopicrin in Autophagy, Cell Cycle Arrest and Oxidative Stress to Inhibit U87Mg Glioblastoma Cell Growth." Molecules 25, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 5843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245843.
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In this study, we propose lactucopicrin (LCTP), a natural sesquiterpene lactone from Lactucavirosa, as a molecule able to control the growth of glioblastoma continuous cell line U87Mg. The IC50 of U87Mg against LCTP revealed a strong cytotoxic effect. Daily administration of LCTP showed a dose and time-dependent reduction of GBM cell growth and viability, also confirmed by inhibition of clonogenic potential and mobility of U87Mg cells. LCTP activated autophagy in U87Mg cells and decreased the phosphorylation of proliferative signals pAKT and pERK. LCTP also induced the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, confirmed by decrease of CDK2 protein and increase of p53 and p21. LCTP stimulated apoptosis as evidenced by reduction of procaspase 6 and the increase of the cleaved/full-length PARP ratio. The pre-treatment of U87Mg cells with ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which reversed its cytotoxic effect, showed the involvement of LCTP in oxidative stress. Finally, LCTP strongly enhanced the sensitivity of U87Mg cells to canonical therapy Temozolomide (TMZ) and synergized with this drug. Altogether, the growth inhibition of U87Mg GBM cells induced by LCTP is the result of several synergic mechanisms, which makes LCTP a promising adjuvant therapy for this complex pathology.
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Morris, Hannah R., Clifford C. Hoyt, Peter Miller, and Patrick J. Treado. "Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter Raman Chemical Imaging." Applied Spectroscopy 50, no. 6 (June 1996): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702963905655.
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A Lyot-type liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) suitable for high-definition Raman chemical imaging has been developed. The LCTF has been incorporated into an efficient Raman imaging system that provides significant performance advantages relative to any previous approach to Raman microscopy. The LCTF and associated optical path is physically compact, which accommodates integration of the LCTF within an infinity-corrected optical microscope. The LCTF simultaneously provides diffraction-limited spatial resolution and 7.6-cm-1 spectral bandpass across the full free spectral range of the imaging spectrometer. The LCTF Raman microscope successfully integrates, in a facile manner, the utility of optical microscopy and the analytical capabilities of Raman spectroscopy. In this paper the LCTF Raman imaging system is described in detail, as well as results of initial studies of polymer and corrosion product model systems.
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Hochberg, Jessica, Renuka P. Miller, Patrick J. Hanley, Sarah McCormack, Lauren Harrison, Olga Militano, Phyllis Brand, Catherine M. Bollard, and Mitchell S. Cairo. "Reduced Intensity Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Followed By Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy with Donor Derived LMP Specific-CTLs in Patients with EBV Positive Refractory or Recurrent Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Lymphoma Cell Therapy Consortium (LCTC) Trial." Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 21, no. 2 (February 2015): S196—S197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.11.299.
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Baeken, Marius W., Katja Weckmann, Philip Diefenthäler, Jan Schulte, Kamran Yusifli, Bernd Moosmann, Christian Behl, and Parvana Hajieva. "Novel Insights into the Cellular Localization and Regulation of the Autophagosomal Proteins LC3A, LC3B and LC3C." Cells 9, no. 10 (October 18, 2020): 2315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9102315.
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Macroautophagy is a conserved degradative process for maintaining cellular homeostasis and plays a key role in aging and various human disorders. The microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3B (MAP1LC3B or LC3B) is commonly analyzed as a key marker for autophagosomes and as a proxy for autophagic flux. Three paralogues of the LC3 gene exist in humans: LC3A, LC3B and LC3C. The molecular function, regulation and cellular localization of LC3A and LC3C have not been investigated frequently, even if a similar function to that described for LC3B appears likely. Here, we have selectively decapacitated LC3B by three separate strategies in primary human fibroblasts and analyzed the evoked effects on LC3A, LC3B and LC3C in terms of their cellular distribution and co-localization with p62, a ubiquitin and autophagy receptor. First, treatment with pharmacological sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitors to prevent the translocation of LC3B from the nucleus into the cytosol induced an increase in cytosolic LC3C, a heightened co-localization of LC3C with p62, and an increase LC3C-dependent autophagic flux as assessed by protein lipidation. Cytosolic LC3A, however, was moderately reduced, but also more co-localized with p62. Second, siRNA-based knock-down of SIRT1 broadly reproduced these findings and increased the co-localization of LC3A and particularly LC3C with p62 in presumed autophagosomes. These effects resembled the effects of pharmacological sirtuin inhibition under normal and starvation conditions. Third, siRNA-based knock-down of total LC3B in cytosol and nucleus also induced a redistribution of LC3C as if to replace LC3B in the nucleus, but only moderately affected LC3A. Total protein expression of LC3A, LC3B, LC3C, GABARAP and GABARAP-L1 following LC3B decapacitation was unaltered. Our data indicate that nuclear trapping and other causes of LC3B functional loss in the cytosol are buffered by LC3A and actively compensated by LC3C, but not by GABARAPs. The biological relevance of the potential functional compensation of LC3B decapacitation by LC3C and LC3A warrants further study.
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Carvajal-Carmona, Luis G., N. Afrina Alam, Patrick J. Pollard, Angela M. Jones, Ella Barclay, Noel Wortham, Massimo Pignatelli, et al. "Adult Leydig Cell Tumors of the Testis Caused by Germline Fumarate Hydratase Mutations." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 3071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-0183.
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Abstract Context: Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) are the most common non-germ-cell neoplasms of the testis. LCTs are often hormonally active and can result in precocious virilization or in adult feminization. We identified an LCT in an affected individual from a kindred with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) and a germline fumarate hydratase (FH) mutation (N64T). Objective: Our objective was to investigate the role of FH mutations in predisposition to LCTs. Design: We tested for pathogenic effects of the N64T mutation and screened an additional 29 unselected adult LCTs for FH alterations. We also tested these LCTs for mutations in two genes, the LH/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) and the guanine nucleotide-binding protein α (GNAS) that had been implicated in LCT tumorigenesis. Results: No mutations were found in GNAS, and one tumor had a LHCGR somatic substitution. In addition to the HLRCC case with the N64T germline FH mutation, we identified one other LCT with a previously unreported FH mutation (M411I). Both LCTs from these patients showed loss of the wild-type FH allele. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analyses demonstrated activation of the hypoxia/angiogenesis pathway not only in the tumors belonging to the FH mutation carriers but also in several other mutation-negative LCTs. Conclusions: Our study shows that some LCTs are caused by FH mutations and represents one of the first reports of germline mutations in any type of adult testicular tumor.
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Elrick, Donald B., and Milton P. Charlton. "α-Latrocrustatoxin Increases Neurotransmitter Release by Activating a Calcium Influx Pathway at Crayfish Neuromuscular Junction." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 3550–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.6.3550.
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α-latrocrustatoxin (α-LCTX), a component of black widow spider venom (BWSV), produced a 50-fold increase in the frequency of spontaneously occurring miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials (mEPSPs) at crayfish neuromuscular junctions but did not alter their amplitude distribution. During toxin action, periods of high-frequency mEPSP discharge were punctuated by periods in which mEPSP frequency returned toward control levels. EPSPs were increased in amplitude during periods of enhanced mEPSP discharge. α-LCTX had no effect when applied in Ca2+-free saline, but subsequent addition of Ca2+ caused an immediate enhancement of mEPSP frequency even when α-LCTX was previously washed out of the bath with Ca2+-free saline. Furthermore removal of Ca2+from the saline after α-LCTX had elicited an effect immediately blocked the action on mEPSP frequency. Thus α-LCTX binding is insensitive to Ca2+, but toxin action requires extracellular Ca2+ ions. Preincubation with wheat germ agglutinin prevented the effect of α-LCTX but not its binding. These binding characteristics suggest that the toxin may bind to a crustacean homologue of latrophilin/calcium-independent receptor for latrotoxin, a G-protein-coupled receptor for α-latrotoxin (α-LTX) found in vertebrates. α-LCTX caused “prefacilitation” of EPSP amplitudes, i.e., the first EPSP in a train was enhanced in amplitude to a greater degree than subsequent EPSPs. A similar alteration in the pattern of facilitation was observed after application of the Ca2+ionophore, A23187, indicating that influx of Ca2+ may mediate the action of α-LCTX. In nerve terminals filled with the Ca2+ indicator, calcium green 1, α-LCTX caused increases in the fluorescence of the indicator that lasted for several minutes before returning to rest. Neither fluorescence changes nor toxin action on mEPSP frequency were affected by the Ca2+ channel blockers ω-agatoxin IVA or Cd2+, demonstrating that Ca2+ influx does not occur via Ca2+ channels normally coupled to transmitter release in this preparation. The actions of α-LCTX could be reduced dramatically by intracellular application of the Ca2+ chelator, bis-( o-aminophenoxy)- N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid. We conclude that induction of extracellular Ca2+influx into nerve terminals is sufficient to explain the action of α-LCTX on both spontaneous and evoked transmitter release at crayfish neuromuscular junctions.
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Khan, Arshad Ahmad, and K. Ravikumar. "Linear canonical curvelet transform and the associated Heisenberg-type inequalities." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 18, no. 07 (March 18, 2021): 2150100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887821501000.
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In this paper, we have introduced a novel integral transform namely linear canonical curvelet transform (LCCT). Firstly, we established basic properties of LCCT including admissibility condition, Moyals principle, inversion formula and range theorem. Toward the culmination of the paper, we formulate a couple of Heisenberg-type inequalities associated with LCCT.
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Lee, Chang-Hyung, Sung Jin Heo, and So Hyun Park. "The Real Time Geometric Effect of a Lordotic Curve-Controlled Spinal Traction Device: A Randomized Cross Over Study." Healthcare 9, no. 2 (January 27, 2021): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9020125.
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Background: A standard spinal traction (ST) device was designed to straighten the spine without considering physiological lumbar lordosis. Using lordotic curve-controlled traction (LCCT), which maintains the lordotic curve during traction, the traction force would be applied to the posterior spinal structure effectively. Thus, the purpose of our study was to evaluate real-time biomechanical changes while applying the LCCT and ST. Methods: In this study, 40 subjects with mild non-radicular low back pain (LBP) were included. The participants underwent LCCT and ST in random order. Anterior and posterior intervertebral distance, ratios of anterior/posterior intervertebral distance (A/P ratio), and lordotic angles of intervertebral bodies (L2~L5) were measured by radiography. Results: Mean intervertebral distances were greater during LCCT than those measured prior to applying traction (p < 0.05). Mean A/P ratio was also significantly greater during LCCT than during ST or initially (p < 0.05). In particular, for the L4/5 intervertebral segment, which is responsible for most of the lordotic curve, mean LCCT angle was similar to mean lordotic angle in the standing position (10.9°). Conclusions: Based on measurements of radiologic geometrical changes with real-time clinical setting, the newly developed LCCT appears to be a useful traction device for increasing intervertebral disc spaces by maintaining lordotic curves.
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Li, Wenchao, Jian Xu, Zhengming Wang, and Jialiang Yang. "The impact of LCTI on China's low-carbon transformation from the spatial spillover perspective." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): e0242425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242425.
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China has conducted a long-term low-carbon technology innovation (LCTI), but there was a faster increase of CO2 emission in 2017 and 2018 than in 2016, which has lead scholars to doubt the effect of LCTI on CO2 emission. This paper builds a spatial auto regression (SAR) model with provincial panel data from 2011 to 2017 to calculate the spatial spillover effect of China's LCTI on regional CO2 emission. The results show that regional LCTI can reduce the local CO2 emission, but will increase the CO2 emission of adjacent regions due to spatial spillover effect. This produces the uncertainty of the promotion effect of LCTI on China's low-carbon transformation. Therefore, this paper suggests innovation resources should be appropriately and evenly distributed among regions to avoid their agglomeration in few regions.
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Wu, Gang, Chang Hai Zhai, and Shuang Li. "Effects of Tower-Line Coupling on Seismic Vibration Control of Large Crossing Transmission Tower-Line System with TMD." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 4005–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4005.
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At present, the effect of tower-line coupling is neglected in seismic vibration control with TMD for transmission tower-line system. However, for large crossing transmission tower-line system(LCTL), the neglect can affect the performance of TMD. In this study, a typical FEM model of LCTL is established. The effect of tower-line coupling on dynamic character of LCTL is analyzed. Then, the performance of TMD considering the tower-line coupling is compared with TMD neglecting the tower-line coupling. It is concluded that tower-line coupling affect the performance of TMD significantly for LCTL.
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Street, David R., and Kathleen T. Helton. "The “Right Stuff”: Personality Tests and the Five-Factor Model in Landing Craft Air Cushion Crew Training." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 13 (October 1993): 920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701303.
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The purpose of our investigation was to determine if personality testing and a five-factor model could improve the selection of Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) vehicle operators. Vehicle operators for the LCAC are currently selected on the basis of their performance on a computer-based psychomotor selection system. The various psychomotor tests in the selection system have demonstrated predictive validity in LCAC crew training. Certain personality characteristics may also be involved in the LCAC vehicle operator training success. In fact, various researchers have found that personality testing may improve the selection of Navy/Marine Corps aviators. There is increasing evidence that a five-factor model may be useful in describing the personality characteristics involved in training success. We believe that a five-factor model may improve the selection system used for LCAC vehicle operators. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was conducted to determine the underlying structure of the Adult Personality Inventory (API) with 168 LCAC crew candidates. The resulting factor scores were then entered into a series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses to determine the relation of the personality factor scores and the performance-based test to an underway grade in training criterion. The results indicated that one personality factor, openness, significantly improved predictions of the criterion ( p < 0.05). Based on these results, we believe that personality testing may improve the selection of LCAC vehicle operators.
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Pinto-Sinai, G., J. Brewster, and H. Roberts. "Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Evaluation of Glass Ionomer and Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials." Operative Dentistry 43, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): E266—E272. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-381-l.
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SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this evaluation was to evaluate the linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE) of 12 conventional glass ionomer (GIC) and four resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) restorative materials. Methods: GIC and RMGI specimens (2 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm) were fabricated (n=12) following manufacturer instructions and were placed in 0.2M phosphate-buffered saline and stored at 37°C and 98% humidity for one week. Specimens had LCTE determined with a thermomechanical analysis (TMA) unit using a 15°C-50°C heating cycle as well as a 50°C-15°C cooling cycle at a 5°C/min rate, using a 3-mm ball-point probe under 0.02 N probe pressure with all specimens kept saturated with PBS using a specially designed quartz container. Each specimen was tested three times, with the mean representing the specimen LCTE. Mean results between specimen heating and cooling were compared with paired Wilcoxon sign rank test, while results between materials were compared with Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's (α=0.05). Results: GIC LCTE ranged from approximately 5°C to 20°C ppm °K−1, while the RMGI LCTE ranged from approximately 25°C to 47°C ppm °K−1. With some exception, the LCTE during cooling displayed a greater trend. Significance: Under moisture conditions similar to the oral cavity, GIC materials overall had LCTE values closer to that reported for tooth structure. RMGI materials displayed higher values, which was thought to be related to the amount of resin in the matrix. A generally greater LCTE trend with cooling for all materials was noted, but the small magnitude of the difference is presently thought to be of minor clinical significance.
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Isikay, Levent, Senol Tonyali, and Gulden Aydog. "Primary Large-Cell Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Ureter." Medical Principles and Practice 28, no. 5 (2019): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499467.
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Objective: To report the first case in the literature of a primary large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma (LCUC) of the ureter with a very aggressive behavior and dismal prognosis. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: A 60-year-old woman with a history of intermittent macroscopic hematuria and mild to moderate right flank pain was admitted to the Department of Urology. Tissue biopsies and cytological samples were taken. Pathologic examination was consistent with LCUC. Conclusion: LCUC of the ureter is an aggressive tumor with a high proliferation index. Patients might be diagnosed at an advanced stage. LCUC must be considered in the differential diagnosis of urinary tract pathologies.
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Inagaki, Daisuke, Manabu Shiozawa, Tetta Satoyoshi, Yosuke Atsumi, Masaaki Murakawa, Keisuke Kazama, Akio Higuchi, et al. "Relationship between oncogenic mutations (RAS, BRAF and PIK3CA) and tumor location and prognosis in colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e15109-e15109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e15109.
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e15109 Background: Several studies have reported that right-sided colon cancers (RCC) and left-sided colorectal cancers (LCRC) differ in several factors including genetic features. We investigated the difference in clinicopathological characteristics and oncogenic mutation status between patients with RCC and LCRC in all stages and assessed outcome. Methods: This study was a prospective, observational study. Patients were recruited from November 2014 to February 2016. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were collected and DNA wes extracted from tissue sections from 227 cases. There was no double cancer. Mutations in KRAS, NRAS, HRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA were detected by next-generation DNA sequencer. Tumors from cecum to transverse colon were defined as RCC, and tumors from descending colon to rectum were defined as LCRC. The median follow-up period was 521 days. Results: KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations were present in 95 patient (41.9%), 7 patients (3.1%), 10 patients (4.4%) and 23 patients (10.1%) respectively, and there was no HRAS mutation in all patients. RCC was 68 patients and LCRC was 159 patients. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and mutinous adenocarcinoma were significantly more frequent in RCC compared to LCRC (P = 0.031). KRAS mutations were detected in 37 patients with RCC (54.4%) and in 58 patients with LCRC (36.5%). BRAF mutations were detected in 7 patient with RCC (10.3%) and in 3 patients with LCRC (1.9%). KRAS and BRAF mutation in RCC were significantly more frequent than in LCRC (P = 0.012 and P = 0.005, respectively). The incidence of NRAS and PIK3CA mutation was no difference between two groups. In all patients, overall survival was evaluated. On univariate Cox regression analysis, BRAF mutation was associated with significantly poorer overall survival than BRAF wild type (HR = 4.831, P = 0.013). Other oncogenic mutation status and tumor location weren’t associated with overall survival. Conclusions: KRAS and BRAF mutation were more frequent in the patients with RCC compared to those with LCRC in all stages. This study suggested BRAF mutation correlated with poor outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer.
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Lee, Chang-Hyung, Sung Jin Heo, So Hyun Park, Hee Seok Jeong, and Soo-Yeon Kim. "The Functional and Morphological Changes of the Cervical Intervertebral Disc after Applying Lordotic Curve Controlled Traction: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 19, 2019): 2162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122162.
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The newly developed cervical lordotic curve-controlled traction (C-LCCT) appears to be an ideal method to improve the treatment outcome in patients with cervical intervertebral disc disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment outcomes of C-LCCT including the functional and morphological changes of the cervical intervertebral disc compared to traditional traction (TT) with a randomized controlled trial design. A total of 40 patients with cervical intervertebral disc disease at the C5/6 level confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging were recruited and assigned to either the C-LCCT group or the TT group. The comprehensive health status changes of the patients were recorded using pain and functional scores (Visual Analogue Scale, Oswestry Disability Index) and morphological changes (cervical lordosis, cervical central canal area) before and after the traction treatment. Both groups showed a significant improvement in pain scores after traction (p < 0.05). The functional score and morphological changes improved significantly after treatment in the C-LCCT group. However, there was no significant improvement in the TT group (p < 0.05). The C-LCCT showed significant pain, functional, and morphological improvement compared to TT. C-LCCT could be effective in improving the treatment outcomes of the traction technique in patients with cervical intervertebral disc disease.
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Ehrhardt, J. P., and S. K. Spring. "Component and Procedural Improvements for the T-62T-40-7 Gas Turbine in the LCAC Fleet." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816598.
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The Sundstrand Power Systems T-62T-40-7 Gas Turbine Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) was adapted from an aircraft-borne APU to a marine application on the U.S. Navy’s Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC). Although the LCAC APU experienced less operating time than its aircraft version, the environmental conditions that exist cause unusual wear and component failures. Component and procedural improvements have been developed to extend the reliability of the T-62T-40-7 on board the LCAC.
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Munfarida, Ida. "AIR QUALITY SETTLEMENT ASSESSMENT NEAR LOCAL COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS (LCHC) IN CIMAHI CITY, WEST JAVA PROVINCE." Al-Ard: Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan 4, no. 1 (September 30, 2018): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/alard.v4i1.410.
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The Settlements near the Local Community Health Centers (LCHC) may have a negative impact on the settlement environment, especially is air quality due to the transportation sector near LCHC and community activities around the LCHC. This study evaluated air quality in three Settlements near the LCHC in Cimahi City, West Java Province, among others were: settlements in Cimahi Selatan, Cimahi Tengah and Cimahi Utara Districts. The air quality parameters were Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), and Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) at three Locations of the Settlement. Air Quality Evaluation results indicate that all gaseous parameters were below air quality standards based on Government Law No.41 Year 1999 about Air Pollution Control, but Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) concentration in settlements of Cimahi Tengah and Cimahi Selatan Districts have exceeded the standard. However the lowest gaseous concentration was found in Settlement of Cimahi Tengah District. The community can play a role in improving the air quality in the settlements by providing green open space. Keywords: Air Quality, Local Community Health Centers (LCHC), Settlement.
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Dziechciarz, Piotr, Grzegorz Borsuk, and Krzysztof Olszewski. "Prospects and Validity of Laboratory Cage Tests Conducted in Honeybee Research Part one: Main Directions of Use of Laboratory Cage Tests in Honeybee Research." Journal of Apicultural Science 63, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jas-2019-0026.
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AbstractFor more than forty years, laboratory cage tests (LCTs) have been used in honeybee research. These tests facilitate the control of elements of the environment present in the laboratory, which allows the minimization of the impact of the changing environmental conditions and conditions in the bee colony nest on the studied features. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the content of the genetic component of a particular trait and to assess the impact of a specific substance or tested agent on the traits of bees.An advantage of LCTs is the possibility of conducting easier and cheaper research than in the case of apiary experiments. LCTs allow a significant reduction in the number of required bees/colonies, investigations of a winter bee generation and individual treatment of a single bee. One of the first research directions in which LCTs were used was the instantaneous assessment of the honey yield. Due to discrepancies between LCT assessment and results of apiary productivity, LCTs are currently not a standard tool for the assessment and improvement of bee functional traits despite such undoubted advantages as reducing the time and cost of the evaluation. Moreover, LCTs are being used to assess the genetic and environmental conditions of workers’ lifespan and are a standard method for assessing the impact of pesticides on bees.
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Osmari, M. P., A. F. Branco, R. H. T. B. Goes, T. G. Diaz, and L. F. Matos. "Aumento das doses dietéticas de líquido de casca de castanha de caju na digestibilidade ruminal e intestinal de nutrientes em novilhos alimentados com uma dieta rica em grãos." Archivos de Zootecnia 66, no. 255 (July 15, 2017): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v66i255.2513.
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Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inclusão do líquido da casca da castanha de caju (LCCt) na dieta de bovinos alimentados com dietas ricas em grão, sobre a ingestão e o coeficiente de digestibilidade ruminal e total dos nutrientes; as características de fermentação ruminal, eficiência de síntese microbiana no rúmen e parâmetro sanguíneo, através do nitrogênio ureico plasmático. Foram utilizados quatro novilhos da raça Holandesa (445 ± 23,39 kg de peso vivo) providos de cânula ruminal e duodenal, recebendo uma dieta com 144 g kg-1 de proteína bruta e 799 g kg-1 de nutrientes digestíveis totais, com uma relação volumoso:concentrado de 15:85. O delineamento experimental foi o quadrado latino 4 x 4 com 10 dias de períodos experimentais. As dietas foram compostas de 0, 300, 600 e 1200 mg de LCCt na matéria seca (MS) do concentrado. A ingestão e os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente total dos nutrientes, com base na MS, não foram influenciados pela inclusão de LCCt na dieta. O coeficiente de digestibilidade ruminal (CDR) do extrato etéreo apresentou resposta quadrática, em que os animais que consumiram 0 e 300 mg LCCt d-1 apresentaram menores valores de CDR. O uso do LCCt não influenciou o nitrogênio amoniacal no rúmen, o nitrogênio ureico plasmático e a eficiência de síntese microbiana. No entanto, houve tendência de maior pH ruminal quando os animais consumiram o LCCt.
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Wu, J., and P. B. Corr. "Influence of long-chain acylcarnitines on voltage-dependent calcium current in adult ventricular myocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 263, no. 2 (August 1, 1992): H410—H417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.263.2.h410.
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Long-chain acylcarnitines (LCAC) increase 3.5-fold within 2 min in ischemic myocardium in vivo, and previous studies have suggested, through indirect evidence, that LCAC can stimulate the voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ current [ICa(L)] in both cardiac and smooth muscle cells. In the present study, whole cell voltage-clamp procedures were performed in isolated adult guinea pig ventricular myocytes to assess the direct effect of LCAC on ICa(L). The intracellular solution contained (in mM) 80 CsCl, 40 K-aspartic acid, and 5 ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). Maximal current density of ICa(L) at 0 mV was 10.1 +/- 0.5 pA/pF (n = 22) at extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o) = 2.7 mM. LCAC induced a concentration (1-25 microM, n = 23)- and time-dependent, reversible decrease in ICa(L). When delivered extracellularly for 10 min, LCAC (5 microM) inhibited the maximal current of ICa(L) by 48.1 +/- 1.3% (n = 9, P less than 0.01) and shifted the half-maximal voltage of steady-state activation and inactivation from -13.1 +/- 0.5 to -6.8 +/- 0.4 mV (n = 4; P less than 0.05) and from -21.8 +/- 0.2 to -16.5 +/- 0.6 mV (n = 4; P less than 0.01), respectively. Intracellular delivery of LCAC (5 microM) also suppressed ICa(L) to a similar degree (47.5 +/- 1.5%, n = 4; P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Fallah, Mahdi, Kristina Sundquist, and Kari Hemminki. "Risk of thyroid cancer in relatives of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma by age at diagnosis." Endocrine-Related Cancer 20, no. 5 (August 8, 2013): 717–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-13-0021.
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The familial risk of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC alone or as part of multiple endocrine neoplasms, MEN2A/MEN2B) is high, so we aimed to answer open questions about the lifetime cumulative risk of thyroid cancer (LCRTC at 0–79 years) among relatives of MTC patients by age and sex. For this nationwide study, a cohort of 3217 first-/second-degree relatives (FDRs/SDRs) of 389 MTC patients diagnosed in 1958–2010 in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database was followed for the incidence of thyroid cancer. The LCRTC in female relatives of patients with early-onset MEN2B (diagnosis age <25 years) was 44–57%, representing 140–520 times increase over the risk in their peers without a family history of endocrine tumors (men: LCRTC=22–52%, 320–750 times) depending on the number of affected FDRs/SDRs. The LCRTC in female relatives of patients with late-onset MEN2B (diagnosis age ≥25 years) was about 15–43% (men=24%). The LCRTC among relatives of early-onset MTC-alone patients was 3–20%. The LCRTC among relatives of late-onset MTC-alone patients was 5–26%. The LCRTC in female relatives of MEN2A patients was 16–63% (men=52%). The relatives of patients with early-onset MTC exhibited a high tendency to develop early-onset thyroid cancer. Simply available data on the number of FDRs and even SDRs affected with MTC and their age at diagnosis were quite informative for the estimation of the risk of thyroid cancer in probands. In settings where genetic testing is not available or affordable for all, evidence-based cumulative risks reported in this nationwide study may help physicians to identify very high-risk individuals.
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Pozza, Carlotta, Riccardo Pofi, Marta Tenuta, Maria Grazia Tarsitano, Emilia Sbardella, Giorgio Fattorini, Vito Cantisani, Andrea Lenzi, Andrea M. Isidori, and Daniele Gianfrilli. "Clinical presentation, management and follow-up of 83 patients with Leydig cell tumors of the testis: a prospective case-cohort study." Human Reproduction 34, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 1389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez083.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION When should ‘not so rare’ Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) of the testis be suspected, diagnosed, and treated? SUMMARY ANSWER LCTs are more frequent than generally believed, are associated with male infertility, cryptorchidism and gynecomastia, and should be treated conservatively (in compliant patients) with active surveillance, which appears to be a safe alternative to surgical enucleation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Increasing referrals for testicular imaging have led to an increase in findings of LCTs. The features and natural history of these tumors remain largely unknown, as the available studies are small and heterogeneous. LCTs were previously treated aggressively and follow-up data are lacking. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A case-cohort study of consecutive patients diagnosed with LCTs over a 10-year period was prospectively enrolled from 2009 to 2018 and compared to matched cohorts of patients with seminomas or no testicular lesions screened in the same timeframe. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Of the 9949 inpatients and outpatients referred for scrotal ultrasound, a total of 83 men with LCTs were included. Enrolled subjects underwent medical history and clinical examination and were asked to undergo routine blood tests, hormone investigations (FSH, LH, total testosterone, estradiol, inhibin B, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), prolactin), and semen analysis. Patients who consented also underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound, elastography, gadolinium-enhanced scrotal magnetic resonance imaging, and hCG stimulation test (5000 IU i.m.) with serum total testosterone and estradiol measured at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In total, 83 patients diagnosed with LCTs were compared against 90 patients diagnosed with seminoma and 2683 patients without testicular lesions (NoL). LCTs were diagnosed by enucleation (48.2%), orchiectomy (13.3%), or clinical surveillance (38.5%). Testicular volume, sperm concentration, and morphology were lower (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively) in patients with LCTs than in the NoL group. FSH, LH, and SHBG were higher and the testosterone/LH ratio was lower in LCTs than in the NoL group (P < 0.001). The LCT group showed higher SHBG (P = 0.018), lower sperm concentration (P = 0.029), and lower motility (P = 0.049) than the seminoma group. Risk factors for LCTs were cryptorchidism (χ2 = 28.27, P < 0.001), gynecomastia (χ2 = 54.22, P < 0.001), and low testicular volume (χ2 = 11.13, P = 0.001). Five cases were recurrences or bilateral lesions; none developed metastases during follow-up (median, 66 months). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study has some limitations. First, hCG and second-line diagnostic investigations were not available for all tumor patients. Second, ours is a referral center for infertility, thus a selection bias may have altered the baseline features of the LCT population. However, given that the comparison cohorts were also from the same center and had been managed with a similar protocol, we do not expect a significant effect. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS LCTs are strongly associated with male infertility, cryptorchidism, and gynecomastia, supporting the hypothesis that testicular dysgenesis syndrome plays a role in their development. Patients with LCTs are at a greater risk of endocrine and spermatogenesis abnormalities even when the tumor is resected, and thus require long-term follow-up and prompt efforts to preserve fertility after diagnosis. LCTs have a good oncological prognosis when recognized early, as tissue-sparing enucleation is curative and should replace orchiectomy. Conservative surgery and, in compliant patients, active surveillance through clinical and radiological follow-up are safe options, but require monitoring of testicular failure and recurrence. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The project was funded by the Ministry of University and Research Grant MIUR 2015ZTT5KB. There are no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ALCeP trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01206270).
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Wang, Zeheng, Zhenwei Zhang, Shengji Wang, Chao Chen, Zirui Wang, and Yuanzhe Yao. "Design and Optimization on a Novel High-Performance Ultra-Thin Barrier AlGaN/GaN Power HEMT With Local Charge Compensation Trench." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 3054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153054.
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In this paper, a novel, GaN-based high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) using an ultra-thin barrier (UTB) with a local charge compensation trench (LCCT) is designed and optimized. Because the negative plasma-etching process, as well as the relaxing lattice during the process would introduce equivalent negative charges into the under-LCCT region, the electron will be partially squeezed out from this area. The electric field (E-field) around this region will therefore redistribute smoothly. Owing to this, the proposed LCCT-HEMT performs better in power applications. According to the simulation that is calibrated by the experimental data, the Baliga’s figure of merits (BFOM) of LCCT-HEMT is around two times higher than that of the conventional UTB-HEMT, hinting at the promising potential of proposed HEMT.
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Efimova, S. S., T. E. Tertychnaya, S. N. Lavrenov, and O. S. Ostroumova. "The Mechanisms of Action of Triindolylmethane Derivatives on Lipid Membranes." Acta Naturae 11, no. 3 (September 15, 2019): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2019-11-3-38-45.
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The effects of new synthetic antibacterial agents - tris(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylium chloride (LCTA-1975) and (1-(4-(dimethylamino)-2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl)bis(1-propyl- 1H-indol-3-yl)methylium chloride (LCTA-2701 - on model lipid membranes were studied. The ability of the tested agents to form ion-conductive transmembrane pores, influence the electrical stability of lipid bilayers and the phase transition of membrane lipids, and cause the deformation and fusion of lipid vesicles was investigated. It was established that both compounds exert a strong detergent effect on model membranes. The results of differential scanning microcalorimetry and measuring of the threshold transmembrane voltage that caused membrane breakdown before and after adsorption of LCTA-1975 and LCTA-2701 indicated that both agents cause disordering of membrane lipids. Synergism of the uncoupling action of antibiotics and the alkaloid capsaicin on model lipid membranes was shown. The threshold concentration of the antibiotic that caused an increase in the ion permeability of the lipid bilayer depended on the membrane lipid composition. It was lower by an order of magnitude in the case of negatively charged lipid bilayers than for the uncharged membranes. This can be explained by the positive charge of the tested agents. At the same time, LCTA-2701 was characterized by greater efficiency than LCTA-1975. In addition to its detergent action, LCTA-2701 can induce ion-permeable transmembrane pores: step-like current fluctuations corresponding to the opening and closing of individual ion channels were observed. The difference in the mechanisms of action might be related to the structural features of the antibiotic molecules: in the LCTA-1975 molecule, all three substituents at the nitrogen atoms of the indole rings are identical and represent n-alkyl (pentyl) groups, while LCTA-2701 contains a maleimide group, along with two alkyl substituents (n-propyl). The obtained results might be relevant to our understanding of the mechanism of action of new antibacterial agents, explaining the difference in the selectivity of action of the tested agents on the target microorganisms and their toxicity to human cells. Model lipid membranes should be used in further studies of the trends in the modification and improvement of the structures of new antibacterial agents.
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Pratama, Abdi, and Akihiro Tokai. "Passenger Vehicle Emissions in Indonesia: Future Projections." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 6 (November 29, 2018): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n6p222.
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This study examines the effect of the low-cost green car (LCGC) policy that was introduced to control emissions from passenger vehicles in Indonesia. We examine the policy’s effectiveness by estimating the level of emissions of CO, HC, NO, CO2 under two scenarios: with and without LCGCs. The affordable price of LCGCs and the strict enforcement of the vehicle purchase system led us to estimate the growth in the number of vehicles using minimum annual income as a measure of people’s ability to buy a new car. An annual income of US$4,500–$10,000 was considered to represent the people who could buy an LCGC. Annual travel distance was obtained from a survey of drivers, and the deterioration factor from the Euro 2 standard was used. The results showed that the LCGC policy will potentially cause a significant increase in emissions of CO, HC, and NO by 2030. The LCGC scenario predicted 1,389.7, 31.0, and 279.5 tons of CO, NO, and HC, respectively, compared with 670.3, 15.1, and 136.6 tons, respectively, for the scenario without LCGCs, an increase of 51.7%, 48%, and 51.2%, respectively. For amount of CO2, although LCGC policy could save more than 104,881 tons, the gap is increasing until end of projection in 2030, 3.3 times bigger between corresponding year, 49,411 tons and 14,892 tons for with and without LCGC policy, respectively.
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Zou, Hao, Jin Qin, and Bo Dai. "Optimal Pricing Decisions for a Low-Carbon Supply Chain Considering Fairness Concern under Carbon Quota Policy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020556.
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This research investigates the effect of fairness concerns on a sustainable low-carbon supply chain (LCSC) with a carbon quota policy, in which a manufacturer is in charge of manufacturing low-carbon products and sells them to a retailer. The demand is affected by price and the carbon emission reduction rate. The optimal decisions of pricing and carbon emission reduction rate are analyzed under four decision models: (i) centralized decision, (ii) decentralized decision without fairness concern, (iii) decentralized decision with manufacturer’s fairness concern, (iv) decentralized decision with retailer’s fairness concern. The results indicate that the profits in the centralized LCSC are higher than those in the decentralized LCSC with fairness concern. If a manufacturer pays close attention to fairness, the fairness concern coefficient will reduce the carbon emission reduction rate and the profit of the LCSC and increase the wholesale price and the retail price of the product. If a retailer pays close attention to fairness, and the preference of consumers for a low-carbon product is low, the fairness concern coefficient of the retailer increases the total profit of the LCSC and decreases the carbon emission reduction rate and retail price of the product. Otherwise, if the preference of consumers for a low-carbon product is great, the fairness concern coefficient of the retailer would lead to a lower retail price compared with the retail price in the centralized decision and decrease the total profit of the LCSC.
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Zou, Hao, Jin Qin, and Bo Dai. "Optimal Pricing Decisions for a Low-Carbon Supply Chain Considering Fairness Concern under Carbon Quota Policy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020556.
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This research investigates the effect of fairness concerns on a sustainable low-carbon supply chain (LCSC) with a carbon quota policy, in which a manufacturer is in charge of manufacturing low-carbon products and sells them to a retailer. The demand is affected by price and the carbon emission reduction rate. The optimal decisions of pricing and carbon emission reduction rate are analyzed under four decision models: (i) centralized decision, (ii) decentralized decision without fairness concern, (iii) decentralized decision with manufacturer’s fairness concern, (iv) decentralized decision with retailer’s fairness concern. The results indicate that the profits in the centralized LCSC are higher than those in the decentralized LCSC with fairness concern. If a manufacturer pays close attention to fairness, the fairness concern coefficient will reduce the carbon emission reduction rate and the profit of the LCSC and increase the wholesale price and the retail price of the product. If a retailer pays close attention to fairness, and the preference of consumers for a low-carbon product is low, the fairness concern coefficient of the retailer increases the total profit of the LCSC and decreases the carbon emission reduction rate and retail price of the product. Otherwise, if the preference of consumers for a low-carbon product is great, the fairness concern coefficient of the retailer would lead to a lower retail price compared with the retail price in the centralized decision and decrease the total profit of the LCSC.
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Ryan, Marilyn, Vitaya Sridama, and Leslie J. DeGroot. "Cold reactive lymphocytotoxic activity in autoimmune thyroid disease." Acta Endocrinologica 109, no. 4 (August 1985): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1090492.
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Abstract. An increased incidence of cold-reactive lymphocytotoxic activity (LCTA) has been demonstrated in the sera of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Twenty-six of 79 (33%) patients with Graves' disease and 9 of 21(43%) patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had cold-reactive LCTA detected by microcytotoxicity assay compared to 6 of 42 (14%) normal controls. There was no correlation between LCTA and age, sex, MCHA titre or TGHA titre. A positive correlation with FTI and LCTA in Hashimoto's patients was demonstrated, but no such correlation was demonstrable in Graves' patients. The lymphocytotoxic activity was directed preferentially against B cells. There was no preferential lysis of T-cell subsets as defined by monoclonal antibodies, and the lymphocytotoxins were equally reactive with normal lymphocytes and toxic Graves' lymphocytes. The significance of cold-reactive lymphocytotoxic activity in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease remains to be determined.
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Muhfiatun, M., and Susi Riyantika. "The Low Cost Green Car (LCGC) Program in Islamic Perspective." Global Review of Islamic Economics and Business 4, no. 2 (October 9, 2016): 082. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/grieb.2016.042-02.
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Recently the Government of Indonesia makes a program of Low Cost Green Car (LCGC). The purpose of the program is to support the independence LCGC four-wheeled vehicles industry in order to anticipate the trend of increased demand for energy-efficient motor vehicles and reasonably priced. LCGC program is polemical prolonged. Protests came from all circles. Such as Local Officials, to the Economist. Because the program is properly designed like a cheap car city so that it’s bought by urban communities only According to The Ministry of Industry Article 1 (e) that the Green Car is set up with the price of Rp. 95,000,000.00 (ninety five million). In this case, the government intervened by way Ceiling Price although this intervention thresholds given in the event of structural changes in Indonesia's economic fundamentals, but the policy of intervention was assessed inconsistently. Because the car LCGC-called "earmarked" for the people of the lower middle class but are prohibited from using subsidized fuel. With some reason LCGC issuance of policies by the Government, there are some points that are contradicted by the transport and economic conditions in Indonesia. LCGC policy is certainly contrary to the spirit of alleviating transport problems especially congestion that was hit by the crisis. With the tax-free policy by the government, then the purchasing of the low-cost car will be higher. This is in accordance with the law of demand. The impact is congestion will worsen, especially in the knots of Indonesia's major cities. That means it will grow, the use of fuel and air pollution.
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Rasiman, Rasiman. "LEVELING OF CRITICAL THINKING ABILITIES OF STUDENTS OF MATHEMATICS EDUCATION IN MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING." Journal on Mathematics Education 6, no. 1 (April 2, 2015): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jme.6.1.1941.40-52.
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This research aims to determine the leveling of critical thinking abilities of students of mathematics education in mathematical problem solving. It includes qualitative-explorative study that conducted at University of PGRI Semarang. The generated data in the form of information obtained problem solving question and interview guides. The results are: (1) students who are not critical (LCTA-0) only able to identify the given facts clearly, (2) students are less critical (LCTA-1), students can identify the facts in problems, (3) critical student (LCTA-2), students can identify the fact in problems, revealing the prerequisite knowledge appropriately, solve the problem but still less accurate in every stage, and (4) students are very critical (LCTA-3), students can identify the facts given clearly, mention the concept/ theorem/ prerequisite material. Based on these results, the leveling of students critical thinking abilities can be applied in a lecture at mathematics education.Keywords: leveling, critical thinking, mathematical problem DOI: dx.doi.org/10.22342/jme.61.40
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Nojimoto, I. T. I., S. Hoshino-Shimizu, T. K. Nagasse-Sugahara, and M. E. Camargo. "Lectins for the detection of IgM antibodies to T. gondii in the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis by immunofluorescence test." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 29, no. 6 (December 1987): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651987000600004.
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Lectins were labeled with fluorescein and tried as conjugates in the immunofluorescence (IP) test for the detection of IgM antibodies to T. gondii, in the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. This approach was an attempt to find alternative reagents for anti-human IgM fluorescent conjugates (AHIgMFC), which contain quite frequently anaibcdies to toxoplasma, as contaminants, due to natural T. gondii infections among animals used for imunization. Lentil (Lens culinaris) lectin fluorescence conjugates (LcFC) provided most satisfactory results. The evaluation of LcFC carried out in a total of 179 sera from patients with acute and chronic toxoplasmosis, with non-related infections or healthy subjects, gave high values of relative efficiency, co-positivity and co-negativity indices, respectively 0.989, 0.969 and 1.000, in reference to the conventional AHIgMFC. Moreover, three batches of LcFC successively prepared gave reproducible test results. The advantage of LcFC as an alternative reagent for the serodiagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis is supported by practical aspects of its preparation.
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Liu, Xuezhao, Yang Li, Xin Wang, Ruxiao Xing, Kai Liu, Qiwen Gan, Changyong Tang, et al. "The BEACH-containing protein WDR81 coordinates p62 and LC3C to promote aggrephagy." Journal of Cell Biology 216, no. 5 (April 12, 2017): 1301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201608039.
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Autophagy-dependent clearance of ubiquitinated and aggregated proteins is critical to protein quality control, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report the essential role of the BEACH (beige and Chediak–Higashi) and WD40 repeat-containing protein WDR81 in eliminating ubiquitinated proteins through autophagy. WDR81 associates with ubiquitin (Ub)-positive protein foci, and its loss causes accumulation of Ub proteins and the autophagy cargo receptor p62. WDR81 interacts with p62, facilitating recognition of Ub proteins by p62. Furthermore, WDR81 interacts with LC3C through canonical LC3-interacting regions in the BEACH domain, promoting LC3C recruitment to ubiquitinated proteins. Inactivation of LC3C or defective autophagy results in accumulation of Ub protein aggregates enriched for WDR81. In mice, WDR81 inactivation causes accumulation of p62 bodies in cortical and striatal neurons in the brain. These data suggest that WDR81 coordinates p62 and LC3C to facilitate autophagic removal of Ub proteins, and provide important insights into CAMRQ2 syndrome, a WDR81-related developmental disorder.
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Prentice, DE, and AW Meikle. "A review of drug-induced Leydig cell hyperplasia and neoplasia in the rat and some comparisons with man." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 7 (July 1995): 562–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501400703.
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This paper describes control of normal Leydig cell func tion and testosterone production. The macroscopic and histopathological appearances of spontaneous Leydig cell hyperplasias and tumors (LCT) in the rat are reviewed together with their incidence and hormonal status. Drugs which induce LCTs in chronic studies are discussed and include busereline, carbamazepine, cimetidine, finas teride, flutamide, gemfibrozil, histrelin, hydralazine, indomethacin, isradipine, lactitol, leuprolide, metronida zole, mesulergine, nafarelin, norprolac and vidarabine. The known mechanisms of LCT induction in the rat are reviewed together with other possible etiological factors. The incidence, clinical picture and etiological factors of LCTs in man are also surveyed. Hormone production in Leydig cells and LCTs in rats and man are compared. Differences between the two species are considered, par ticularly with regard to Leydig cell control mechanisms. The paper concludes that drug-induced LCTs in rats are most probably not predictive for man and their occurrence has little relevance in human safety assessment.
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Hsu, Yu-Lun, Chun-Chi Lin, Jeng-Kai Jiang, Hung-Hsin Lin, Yuan-Tzu Lan, Huann-Sheng Wang, Shung-Haur Yang, et al. "Clinicopathological and molecular differences in colorectal cancer according to location." International Journal of Biological Markers 34, no. 1 (March 2019): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1724600818807164.
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Purpose: The incidence, pathogenesis, molecular pathways, and outcomes of colorectal cancer vary depending on the location of the tumor. This study aimed to compare the difference in tumor characteristics and the outcome between right-sided colon cancer and left-sided colorectal cancer (LCRC). Materials and methods: A total of 1503 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital between 2000 and 2010 were enrolled in this study. Right-sided colon cancer was defined as cancers in the cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon, while LCRC was defined as cancers in the splenic flexure colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. The endpoint was overall survival. The mutations were detected via polymerase chain reaction and MASS array. The prognostic value was determined using the log-rank test and the Cox regression analysis. Results: A total of 407 and 1096 cases were classified as right-sided colon cancer and LCRC, respectively. Compared to patients with LCRC, those with right-sided colon cancer had more mucinous type cancer (7.4% vs. 3.5%), poorly differentiated tumor (11.5% vs. 3.6%), and advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage. The risk for peritoneal tumor seeding was higher in the right-sided colon cancer group (12.8% vs. 5.7%). Overall survival was better in LCRC than in right-sided colon cancer ( P=0.036). Conclusions: In our study, right-sided colon cancer had a more advanced tumor stage, a higher risk of peritoneal metastasis, and a poorer outcome than LCRC. Moreover, right-sided colon cancer had more gene mutations in BRAF, KRAS, SMAD4, TGF-β, PIK3CA, PTEN, AKT1, and high microsatellite instability.
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Zhao, Bin, and Gang Wang. "PSO-Algorithm-Based Optimal Design of LCLC Resonant Converters for Space Travelling-Wave Tube Amplifiers Applications." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 25, 2019): 2444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122444.
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Due to the advantages of zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) and zero-current-switching (ZCS), LCLC resonant converters are universally applied in two-stage electronic power conditioners (EPCs) of space travelling-wave tube amplifiers (TWTAs). In two-stage EPCs, as the output voltage is regulated by the first stage, the main functions of LCLC resonant converters are to boost the input voltage, provide galvanic isolation, and maintain high efficiency. However, the total power loss of an LCLC resonant converter is very challenging because of the multiple resonant components and their mutual couplings. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, a PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization)-algorithm-based, efficiency-oriented optimal design method of an LCLC resonant converter is proposed. Based on an analysis of working principles, the total power loss (with consideration of all the power losses, including the driving loss and the conduction loss of the main switches), transformer loss, and power loss of the rectifiers is calculated. After that, the total power loss is appointed as the objective function of the PSO algorithm, where the optimal circuit parameters are derived to minimize the total power loss. After the optimal circuit parameters are obtained, an LCLC resonant converter with the desired parameters is built. Finally, the proposed PSO-algorithm-based, efficiency-oriented optimal design method is validated by an example.
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Treschalin, M. I., I. D. Treschalin, V. A. Golibrodo, A. E. Shchekotikhin, and E. R. Pereverzeva. "Experimental evaluation of toxic properties of LCTA-2034 by the oral routeof administration." Russian Journal of Biotherapy 17, no. 3 (November 25, 2018): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2018-17-3-81-88.
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Introduction.New antitumor multitarget drug LCTA-2034, obtained in Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, has demonstrated high activity against prognostically significant transplantable mice tumors by the oral application.Objective.To investigate the toxicological properties of LCTA-2034 by the oral route of administration on rats.Materials and methods.Toxicological study of LCTA-2034 was performed on 30 male Wistar rats. Drug substance dissolved in potable water. 2 % solution was administrated per os at the 1 and 5 therapeutic dose (15 × 20 mg/kg or 15 × 100 mg/kg with 24-h interval). During the study dynamics of body weight, hematological parameters, blood biochemical parameters, electrocardiography and urinalysis were performed for all animals. Five animals in each group were sacrificed 1 and 30 days post treatment. The internal organs were subjected to histological evaluation.Results.The results of the study demonstrate that the treatment with low dose of LCTA-2034 does not produce any changes in majority of examined clinical-laboratory parameters with the exception of urinalysis revealed hematuria on day 1 post treatment. Microscopic pathology observation showed structure abnormalities of varying severity in liver, kidneys, heart, stomach, jejunum, ileum, spleen and thymus. Administration of high dose of LCTA-2034 caused mortality of 2 rats in group. The rest of the rats were observed a body weight lag, decrease of total leukocyte and erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit level, relative weight of the thymus. Erythrocytes and nitrates were found in urine both on day 1 and on day 30 post treatment. In groups treated with high dose of the drug in addition to the listed above organs damage of the structure of lymph nodes, pancreas, ileum and brain was detected. Conclusion. Revealed toxic properties of LCTA-2034 depended on dose. Multiple administration of 1 therapeutic dose of the drug produces transient toxic effects completely reversible within 30 days.
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Lee, Tsung Hung, and Fen-Hauh Jan. "The Low-Carbon Tourism Experience: A Multidimensional Scale Development." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 43, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 890–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348019849675.
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This study first conceptualized and developed a reliable and valid scale to assess low-carbon tourism experience (LCTE) from the perspective of nature-based tourists. In Stage 1, a 66-item scale was developed using a series of qualitative methods. In Stage 2, 662 usable questionnaires were collected; in turn, confirmatory factor analysis was used to develop a 40-item reliable and valid scale consisting of seven constructs: sensory experience, affective experience, learning experience, sociocultural experience, behavioral experience, escapism experience, and prestige experience. In Stage 3, the cross-validation of this 40-item scale was verified by demonstrating moderate replication of the data using 466 and 523 respondents from forest- and wetland-based destinations, respectively. The application of this LCTE scale may provide guidance to tourists and managers alike for reducing the carbon emissions caused by tourism activities, thereby potentially contributing to sustainable tourism development. This study extends the theoretical LCTE framework into the operational realm of tourism management by rendering LCTE perceptible and assessable, which represents a significant contribution to the sustainable tourism literature.
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Ling, Ji, Lin Fu Zhu, Dennis E. Vance, and René L. Jacobs. "Impaired phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis does not attenuate liver regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy in hepatic CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase-α deficient mice." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 90, no. 10 (October 2012): 1403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y2012-116.
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Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the major component of mammalian membranes, and the induction of PC biosynthesis has been shown to be an essential step in cell proliferation in various cell lines. Cytidine triphosphate (CTP):phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase α (CTα) regulates the primary pathway of PC biosynthesis in the liver. The targeted disruption of CTα in murine liver (LCTα−/− mice) decreases hepatic PC mass and the number of cells in the liver, suggesting CTα as an important factor for hepatocyte proliferation. To elucidate the role of CTα in hepatic cell division in vivo, we monitored liver regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy in LCTα−/− and loxP flanked (floxed) LCTα (control) mice. To our surprise, liver re-growth, DNA synthesis, and PC mass after surgery were not impaired in LCTα−/− mice, despite reduced total PC synthesis. Furthermore, PC synthesis in the control mice was not induced after 70% partial hepatectomy. We conclude that CTα is not essential for proliferation of hepatocytes in vivo, and that basal hepatic PC biosynthesis is sufficient to sustain regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy.
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Nontasak, T., D. L. Dolgin, and G. R. Griffin. "Performance-Based Tests, Personality Attributes, and Training Outcome among Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) Vehicle Operators." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 14 (October 1989): 901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301408.
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To date, only limited entry requirements exist for selection of vehicle operators for the U.S. Navy landing craft air cushion (LCAC) vehicle training program. What these requirements should be has not been empirically determined, hence a research effort in this area is needed. An additional impetus for such research has been a series of costly accidents resulting from operator error. Our objectives were to develop a cognitive, psychomotor, multiple-task, and personality-oriented test battery having the potential to predict the training outcome of LCAC operators and serving as an LCAC-personnel screening system. Automated tests used included Dichotlc Listening, Psychomotor, Manikin, One-dimensional Compensatory Tracking, Digit Cancellation, and Risk-taking. Significant predictors of training grade criteria included a multiple Dichotic Listening test. Training grade also correlated with the stick-rudder-throttle conditions of the Psychomotor task and with the One-dimensional Compensatory Tracking task when performed in combination with the Digit Cancellation task. Risk-taking tendencies were also significantly related to overall training grade. These findings suggest that components of the test battery have the potential to predict LCAC training performance.