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Journal articles on the topic 'LD50 dose'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ordóñez-García, Magali, Juan Carlos Bustillos-Rodríguez, José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz, et al. "The Individual and Combined Entomopathogenic Activity of a Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus and a Type I Spodoptera frugiperda Granulovirus on S. frugiperda Larvae." Viruses 17, no. 5 (2025): 674. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17050674.

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The bioinsecticidal activity of several doses of a Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV-CH-32; LD10, LD50, and LD90) and a Type I Spodoptera frugiperda granulovirus (SfGV-CH13; LD50 and LD90), alone and in co-infection, was evaluated on S. frugiperda larvae. In the co-infection assays, one virus was applied at 0 h, and then the second virus was supplied at different times (0, 12, and 24 h) in order to test the effect of the co-infection time on the insecticidal activity of the viruses. The symptoms observed in the co-infected larvae depended on the viral dose supplied at

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Shadrin, P. V., T. A. Batuashvili, L. V. Simutenko, and N. P. Neugodova. "Calculation of the Median Lethal Dose and Low Lethal Dose Using the CombiStats Biometric Software." Bulletin of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products 11, no. 2 (2021): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/1991-2919-2021-11-2-135-142.

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The median lethal dose (LD50) and low lethal dose (LD10) are calculated in acute toxicity studies, as well as during specific activity assessment of some medicines. The aim of the study was to develop a procedure for using CombiStats to calculate LD50 and LD10. The authors proposed a step-by-step algorithm for processing bioassay results using the CombiStats biometric software (median effective dose determination model, probit analysis) with conversion of doses to simple fractions (fractions of the maximum dose) to calculate LD50 and LD10. They compared LD50 and LD10 calculation results obtain

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3

Makhziah, Makhziah, and Djarwatiningsih Poengky Soedjarwo. "Radiosensitivity of Two Local Chili Varieties to Gamma Rays." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 12, no. 2 (2023): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v12i2.423-430.

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Genetic variation is needed for developing new superior varieties in plant breeding. Genetic variation of chili plants could be increased by inducing mutation with gamma rays irradiation. The aim of this study was to determine radiosensitivity of two local varieties of chili pepper by calculating the lethal dose values at LD20 and LD50. Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) seeds of local varieties origin from Tulungagung and Ponorogo were irradiated with cobalt-60 gamma rays at doses of: 0; 100; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900; 1000 Gray (Gy); each as many as 50 seeds per dose of radia

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Shadrin, P. V. "Evaluation of the Possibility of Calculating LD50 and LD10 Using a Modified Script in the R Environment." Regulatory Research and Medicine Evaluation 15, no. 2 (2025): 213–21. https://doi.org/10.30895/1991-2919-2025-15-2-213-221.

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INTRODUCTION. The median lethal dose (LD50) and the low lethal dose (LD10) are critical parameters for the safety of medicinal products. Sometimes, the pharmacopoeial probit method (PM) fails to calculate the LD10 value, and the calculation result is obviously lower than the true value. In such cases, the use of other computational techniques is warranted.AIM. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of a script in the R environment as a tool for calculating the LD50 and LD10 of medicines.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study compared the results of determining LD50 and LD10 using the spreadshee

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Li, Yao, Yingnan Wang, Chenglong Qian, et al. "Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Fluxametamide on Rice-Boring Pest, Rice Stem Borer Chilo suppressalis." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (2022): 2429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102429.

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(1) Background: Fluxametamide is a novel isoxazoline insecticide. Rice stem borer Chilo suppressalis (Walker) is a destructive Lepidoptera pest of rice in China, and novel effective insecticides are required to be developed for controlling it due to its increasing resistance levels. (2) Results: In the lethal assay, the insecticidal activity of fluxametamide with median lethal dose (LD50) value of 1.308 mg/kg to the fourth-instar larvae of C. suppressalis was higher than that of chlorantraniliprole (LD50, 3.112 mg/kg) and lower than that of emamectin benzoate (LD50, 0.006 mg/kg). In the sublet

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Siswanto, Eko. "CO60 dose and dose rate’s effects on Edamame Ryoko Jember variety’s growth and production." Interdisciplinary Social Studies 3, no. 3 (2024): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/iss.v3i3.656.

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Edamame is a famous type of soybean plant in Japan, edamme is often also referred to as Japanese soybeans. The purpose of this study was to determine the Lethal Dose 20 (LD20) and lethal dose 50 (LD50) radiosensitivity measurements in ryoko varieties originating from Jember which have been irradiated by Cobalt60 gamma rays in BATAN, with 5 dose levels including, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy, and 500 Gy with Gammacell220. Edamame plants of the Jember Local Varieties were treated with a radiation dose of 200 Gy and a dose of 400 Gy. The plant height, number of pods, and weight of 100 seeds wer

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Siroki, Olga, L. Institoris, E. Tatar, and I. Desi. "lmmunotoxicological Investigation of SCMF, a New Pyrethroid Pesticide in Mice." Human & Experimental Toxicology 13, no. 5 (1994): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719401300509.

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The toxicity of a new pyrethroid pesticide Supercypermethrin Forte (SCMF) was studied in male CFLP mice using classic toxicological (body weight, organ weights) and haematological (white blood cell count, haematocrit, nucleated cell content of femoral bone marrow) methods and immune function tests (PFC assay, DTH reaction). Four weeks of oral treatment in a 5 days per week system at doses of 1/10, 1/20, or 1/40 x LD50 did not cause evaluable changes in the measured parameters. When single calculated LD20, LD10, or LD5 doses of SCMF were administered on different days before termination to diff

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8

Hyellavala, Joseph Fomnya. "Phytochemical Analysis and Acute Toxicity Studies on the Methanol Extract of Securidaca longepedunculata (Fresen) Root Bark in Mice." Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences 3, no. 1 (2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/jvbs/1202.30.0160.

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The methanol extract of Securidaca longepedunculata root bark was screened phytochemically and its intraperitoneal acute toxicity evaluated in mice. The phytochemical screening was carried out based on standard methods. The Median Lethal Dose (LD50 ) was determined using Lorke’s method while the Maximum Tolerated Dose (LD0 ) was determined by the method described by Mosser and Padilla. The root bark extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and flavonoids. The extract produced intraperitoneal LD0 and LD50 values of 6.92 mg/kg and 6.0 mg/kg, respec

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Azzahra, Elmi Irmayanti, Syarifah Iis Aisyah, Diny Dinarti, and Krisantini Krisantini. "In Vitro Mutagenesis of Etlingera elatior by Gamma Ray Intermittent Irradiation." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 5, no. 3 (2018): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.5.3.111-118.

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Etlingera elatior is tropical ornamental plant commonly called “torch ginger” from Zingiberaceae family. Conventional breeding of E. elatior is limited by cross incompatibility, poor fruit set and low seed production. In this study irradiation of E. elatior with Gamma ray performed to induce mutation. This study was aimed to increase morphological diversity and to obtain unique morphological characters to increase the aesthetic value of E. elatior as ornamental plants and cut flower. Two genotypes of E. elatior, red and white flowers, were tested. The LD20, LD35, and LD50 were determined follo

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Varlamova, O. V., A. V. Babkin, I. S. Berdinskih, A. K. Nazarov, A. S. Sadovnikova, and A. S. Nikiforov. "INVESTIGATION OF THE LEVEL OF GENE EXPRESSION OF SUBUNITS OF GABA RECEPTOR AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF KLOFLUBICIN." Toxicological Review, no. 5 (October 28, 2018): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36946/0869-7922-2018-5-33-37.

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The article presents the results of determining the level of expression of genes encoding GABA receptor subunits GABRA1, GABRB2, and GABRG2 in the hippocampus of rats 24 hours after a single intramuscular administration of the antagonist of the chloro-ion channel of GABA receptor of kloflubicin in a dose of LD25, LD40, LD50, and LD75. It is revealed that kloflubicin has no influence on the relative level of GABRG2 gene expression. At the same time, the relative level of GABRA1 gene expression increases 7,5, 7,0, and 5,0 times after administration of kloflubicin in a dose of LD40, LD50, and LD7

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Kuzminov, O., D. Ostapiv та T. Alekhina. "Оцінка цитотоксичної дії антигістамінних препаратів лоратадину та дезлоратадину з використанням тест-об’єкта – сперміїв бугаїв". Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, medicine 5, № 1 (2014): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021401.

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Antihistamines with active ingredients of loratadine and desloratadine are produced by Ukrainian pharmaceutical industry. According to the law, ther are assessed for their potential danger to human health and the environment, including alternative test objects. Evaluation has been carried out with regard to cytotoxic effect of pharmacological substances (loratadine and desloratadine) using the bull sperm suspension as test objects, standardized and highly sensitive to toxic substances. Sperm was divided into the control sample (dissolved by phosphate-buffered saline) and the investigated sampl

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Tulinská, J., J. Kubová, S. Janota, and Š. Nyulassy. "Investigation of immunotoxicity of supercypermethrin forte in the Wistar rat." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 5 (1995): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501400502.

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The study was done to find out whether subacute exposure to supercypermethrin forte (SCM) affected cellular and humoral immunity. Groups of 10 male Wistar rats were given SCM by gav age for 28 days at 12.5 mg kg-1 day-1 (1/14 LD50), 8.75 mg kg-1 day-1 (1/20 LD50) and 4.38 mg kg-1 day-1 (1/40 LD50) and the response of splenocytes to mitogens, natural killer cell activity, plaque forming cell assay and phagocytosis were examined. The response of splenocytes to the mitogens phyto haemagglutin and concanavalin A, and to a T-dependent antigen (sheep red blood cells), was enhanced at 1/40 LD50 SCM,

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M. Sudharhan, M. Sudharhan, Dr S. K. Senthil kumar, M. Anandhi M. Anandhi, et al. "Toxicological Evalation of a polyherbaldecotion containing kava kava , Long pepper, and clove, in zebrafish (DanioRerio) A study on lethal Dose." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications 10, no. 2 (2025): 179–85. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-1002179185.

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This study investigates the toxic effects of Kava Kava (Piper methysticum), Long Pepper (Piper longum), and Clove (Syzygiumaromaticum) on zebrafish (Daniorerio) to assess their potential environmental and human health risks. The research aims to determine the lethal dose (LD50) values for these substances, representing the concentration that is fatal for 50% of the zebrafish population. Acute and chronic toxicity evaluations were conducted, focusing on behavioral changes, organ-specific damage, and mortality rates. The results indicate that the combination of these plant extracts exhibits mode

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Moeljani, Ida Retno, Makziah, and Endang Wahyuni. "Estimation of Genetic Diversity and Ld50 Determination of Red Onion (Allium cepa var ascalonicum. Linn) Variety of Bauji Results In Gamma Iradiation 60Co." Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 12, no. 3 (2022): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jhi.12.3.183-190.

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Shallots (Allium cepa var ascalonicum. Linn.) is a horticultural commodity with high economic value in Indonesia. The availability of high quality shallot bulb is necessary to increase the shallots productivity. In this case, to increase the productivity of shallots of the Bauji variety, genetic improvements can be made. Genetic improvement of plants can be done through plant breeding. Mutation breeding using gamma rays 60Co is done by determining the radiation dose according to the plant. This study aims to determine Lethal dose 20% (LD20) and 50% (LD50) and the effect of gamma rays 60Co on t

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Atmaja, Tajudin Rahmat Surya, Kanti Ratnaningrum, and Yanuarita Tursinawati. "Effect of Mindi Leaf Powder (Melia azedarach L) on Mortality of Anopheles aconitus Instar III Larvae." MAGNA MEDICA Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 1, no. 3 (2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/magnamed.1.3.2016.58-63.

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Background: Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium parasite infection wwhich is transmitted through bite of an Anopheles mosquito. Efforts to control malaria can be carried out in various ways, starting from treatment, prevention, to breaking the transmission chain through vectors, both mosquitoes and larvae. Mindi tree contains Azadiractin compounds which are larvicides. Study aims to determine effect of mindi leaf powder (Melia azedarach L) on mortality of Anopheles aconitus instar III larvae.Methods: A true experimental study with a post test only control group design, the object of rese

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Mulyani, Melza, Iin Pertiwi A Husaini, Muhammad Rifqi Hariri, and Rizmoon Zulkarnaen. "Optimal Dose Determination of Gamma Ray Irradiation of Alocasia suhirmaniana Yuzammi & A. Hay." Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya 7, no. 1 (2025): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.26740/jrba.v7n1.p31-37.

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Alocasia suhirmaniana Yuzammi & A. Hay belongs to the Araceae family and has the potential for ornamental use. Nevertheless, this plant exhibits a limited leaf count and pliable leaf stems, necessitating the application of breeding techniques for its improvement. One important strategy empeloyed to improve the quality of ornamental plants is the breeding, which involves the use of gamma ray irradiation techniques. The objective of this study is to determine the developmental patterns and appropriate dosage levels of LD20 and LD50 Gamma ray irradiation in A. suhirmaniana callus. The develop

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Tresniawati, C., N. Ajijah, N. K. Izzah, et al. "The morphological performance of indonesian cacao plant as a result of mutation using gamma-ray." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1377, no. 1 (2024): 012103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1377/1/012103.

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Abstract The diversity of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) genetic resources can be increased through mutation breeding. The study aimed to determine the LD20 and LD50 information of gamma-ray irradiation on cacao seeds. The research was conducted from January to December 2020 in the greenhouse and the Integrated Laboratory of The Indonesian Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI). The cacao seeds were obtained from a prospective mother garden belonging to the IIBCRI. Seeds were applied at the Isotope and Radiation Application Center (PAIR) BATAN. Five bulk cacao clone seeds, inclu

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Brijender, Bhushan, and Narain Saxena Prabhu. "Estimation of Median Lethal Dose of Cypermethrin and Betacyfluthrin." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 9, no. 3 (2017): 194–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12697965.

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Present study was aimed to evaluate the median lethal dose (LD50) of two broadly used, type II pyrethroid pesticides Cypermethrin and <em>Beta-cyfluthrin</em> against Wistar albino rats. The albino rats corresponding to experimental sets were orally administrated different doses of selected pyrethroids for estimation of median lethal dose. LD50 has been calculated by Log-dose/probit regression line method, and came out to be 416.98 and 354.8 mg/Kg b.wt. for Cypermethrin and <em>Beta-cyfluthrin</em> respectively. Difference in the median lethal of these compounds may be a consequ

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Barros, A. C. de, and V. Arthur. "DETERMINAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL DA DOSE DE REDUÇÃO DO CRESCIMENTO (GR50) E DA DOSE LETAL (LD50) DE SOJA IRRADIADA POR RAIOS GAMA." Arquivos do Instituto Biológico 72, no. 2 (2005): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657v72p2512005.

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RESUMO O grau de radiosensibilidade de um embrião vegetal depende da espécie, do estágio de desenvolvimento deste embrião durante a irradiação, da dose empregada e do critério usado para medir o efeito biológico. Um dos critérios mais comuns utilizado para avaliar a radiosensibilidade de sementes é medir a altura da planta em um tempo determinado após a germinação. A dose de radiação necessária para provocar uma redução de 50% na altura média da população estudada chama-se GR50 (growth reduction to 50%) e a dose que mata 50% da população em estudo é chamada de dose letal para 50% da população

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Plata-Rueda, Angelica, Gabriela Da Silva Rolim, Carlos Frederico Wilcken, José Cola Zanuncio, José Eduardo Serrão, and Luis Carlos Martínez. "Acute Toxicity and Sublethal Effects of Lemongrass Essential Oil and Their Components against the Granary Weevil, Sitophilus granarius." Insects 11, no. 6 (2020): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11060379.

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In the present work, we evaluate the toxic and repellent properties of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC. ex Nees) Stapf.) essential oil and its components against Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus as an alternative to insecticide use. The lethal dose (LD50 and LD90), survivorship, respiration rate, and repellency on adults of S. granarius exposed to different doses of lemongrass oil and some of its components were evaluated. The chemical composition of the essential oil was found to have the major components of neral (24.6%), citral (18.7%), geranyl acetate (12.4%), geranial (12.3%), and limone

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Kasim Mohammad, Fouad. "Calculation of 95% confidence interval of the median lethal dose determined by the up-and-down procedure: a letter to editor." Journal of Ideas in Health 5, no. 3 (2022): 725–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.vol5.iss3.233.

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Acute toxicity of chemicals can be determined by the up-and-down procedure (UDP) to measure the median lethal dose (LD50) in laboratory animals. An improved UPD was introduced to calculate the 95% confidence intervals (CI) for LD50 values: 95% confidence interval = LD50 + the standard error (SE) SE = SD x √2/N (SD= standard deviation of all dosages in N trials in animals). However, not all studies using the UDP report the 95% CI. Using the above mentioned equations, it is possible to calculate the 95% CI of LD50 determined by using the table of Dixon for UDP- section of the standard error 0.61

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Ota, Erika do Carmo, Luis Antonio Kioshi Aoki Ionue, Ricardo Basso Zanon, Fernanda Sotolani Suares, and Tarcila Souza de Castro Silva. "Aeromonas hydrophila dose and post-immunostimulation period as immunomodulatory effect indicator on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)." Pesquisa Agropecuária Gaúcha 30, no. 1 (2024): 80–99. https://doi.org/10.36812/pag.202430180-99.

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In fish challenge tests, there is no standardization in the concentration and analysis period of parameters. This study investigates the immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects of A. hydrophila dose and postimmunostimulation periods on Nile tilapia. Four level of bacterial doses (½, ¼, ⅛, and 0 LD50) were administered, and immune parameters, hematological data, and erythrocyte abnormalities were analyzed at 3, 7, 10, and 14 days post-infection (dpi). The highest respiratory burst, total globulins, and lysozyme activity were detected at 7 dpi. Considering the bacteria doses, the lysozyme activit

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Kumar, P., R. Vijayaraghavan, A. S. Kulkarni, U. Pathak, S. K. Raza, and D. K. Jaiswal. "In vivo protection by amifostine and DRDE-07 against sulphur mustard toxicity." Human & Experimental Toxicology 21, no. 7 (2002): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327102ht250oa.

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The study was aimed at investigating the prophylactic efficacy of orally administered amifostine and a newly synthesized compound, S-2(2-amino-ethylamino)ethyl phenyl sulphide (DRDE-07), against dermally applied sulphur mustard (SM) in mice and rats. The LD50 values of amifostine and DRDE-07 were determined following oral and intraperitoneal routes and the LD50 of SM diluted in PEG-300 was determined following dermal route. Amifostine or DRDE-07 (equivalent to their 0.05 LD50, 0.10 LD50 and 0.20 LD50) dissolved in water was fed to mice and rats and, after 30 min, various doses of SM were appli

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İNCE, Ali Tarık, Doç Dr Funda KARABAĞ, and İbrahim BULDUK. "INVESTIGATION OF ANTIANGIOGENIC AND APOPTOTIC EFFECTS OF GALANTAMINE OBTAINED FROM LEUCOJUM AESTIVUM ON MCF-7 BREAST CANCER CELL LINE." Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 24, no. 4 (2023): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18229/kocatepetip.1178657.

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OBJECTIVE: The current study aims to investigate the antiangiogenic and apoptotic effects of galantamine in breast cancer cells and to add new information to the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was used and galantamine was obtained from Leucojum aestivum by HPLC method. The effect of galantamine on cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay at 9 different doses (control, 10, 40, 70, 100, 130, 160, 190, 210 μg/ml) including the control group. Then, to understand the effect of galantamine, other assays (total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidan

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Stallard, Nigel, Anne Whitehead, and Ian Indans. "Statistical evaluation of an acute dermal toxicity test using the dermal fixed dose procedure." Human & Experimental Toxicology 23, no. 8 (2004): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327104ht465oa.

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The conventional method for the assessment of acute dermal toxicity (OECD Test Guideline 402, 1987) uses death of animals as an endpoint to identify the median lethal dose (LD50). A new OECD Testing Guideline called the dermal fixed dose procedure (dermal FDP) is being prepared to provide an alternative to Test Guideline 402. In contrast to Test Guideline 402, the dermal FDP does not provide a point estimate of the LD50, but aims to identify that dose of the substance under investigation that causes clear signs of nonlethal toxicity. This is then used to assign classification according to the

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Irfan, Abdul Mubaraq, Idham Sakti Harahap, and Pudjianto. "The toxicity of ammonia as a fumigant to dry wood termite (Cryptotermes cynocephalus L.) on sengon wood." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 23, no. 2 (2023): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.22341-47.

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Wood-based packaging material is usually made from low-quality kind of wood, making it a potential medium for carrying or housing wood-destructive organisms. The objective of this research was to investigate the toxicity of ammonia as a fumigant for controlling the dry-wood termite, Cryptotermes cynocephalus. Ammonia was applied as ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) 25%, which was placed inside the fumigation chamber. At 2.25 cm wood thickness, toxicity tests were performed using 3 levels of NH4OH doses (0, 700, and 3800 mL/m³) and 4 levels of exposure (4, 6, 8, and 10 hours). The toxicity of ammonia

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Swami, Devyani, Hitendra N. Karade, Jyotiranjan Acharya, and Pravin Kumar. "In vivo protection studies of bis-quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(pyridin-3-yl) acetamide derivatives against sarin poisoning in mice." Human & Experimental Toxicology 36, no. 1 (2016): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327116637109.

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In vivo antidotal efficacy of new bis- quaternary 2-(hydroxyimino)- N-(pyridin-3yl) acetamide derivatives (HNK series), to counter multiples of lethal doses of nerve agent sarin (GB) and reactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), was evaluated in Swiss albino mice. [Protection index PI; median lethal dose (LD50) of sarin with treatment/LD50 of sarin] was estimated, using 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 LD50 as treatment doses of all the oximes with atropine against sarin poisoning. Dose-dependent time course study was conducted at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 LD50 dose of sarin for estimating maximum AChE inhibiti

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Akpo, Armand A., Daniel C. Chougourou, Armel Djènontin, Joseph Dossou, Rodrigue Anagonou, and Martin Akogbéto. "Etude De L’efficacité Du Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) De Anacardium Occidentale L. Extrait À Froid Sur Le Contrôle De Anopheles Gambiae S.L Résistant Aux Pyréthrinoïdes." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 24 (2017): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n24p249.

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In order to combat the vectors of malaria, it is necessary to know their behavior with regard to the insecticide products envisaged. The present study is aimed at the CNSL efficiency test extracted from the seed hull of Anacardium occidentale L. for the control of pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l. Sensitivity tests were carried out on the larvae of stages 2, 3 and 4 of An. gambiae of the wild and Kis-kdr strains carrying the Kdr gene. The "Kisumu" strain devoid of resistance gene served as a control. The mortalities were read after 24 hours of exposure. LD50 and DL90 were determined

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Dearden, John C., and Mark Hewitt. "Prediction of Human Lethal Doses and Concentrations of MEIC Chemicals from Rodent LD50 Values: An Attempt to Make Some Reparation." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 49, no. 1-2 (2021): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261192921994754.

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The prediction of human toxicities from animal toxicity tests is often poor, and is now discouraged and in some cases banned, especially those involving the LD50 test. However, there is a vast number of historical LD50 data in both public and in-house repositories that are being put to little use. This study examined the correlations between human lethality (doses and concentrations) of 36 MEIC chemicals and the median values of a large number of mouse and rat LD50 values obtained for four different routes of administration. The best correlations were found with mouse and rat intraperitoneal L

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Kratz, F., G. Ehling, H.-M. Kauffmann, and C. Unger. "Acute and repeat-dose toxicity studies of the (6-maleimidocaproyl)hydrazone derivative of doxorubicin (DOXO-EMCH), an albumin-binding prodrug of the anticancer agent doxorubicin." Human & Experimental Toxicology 26, no. 1 (2007): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327107073825.

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The (6-maleimidocaproyl)hydrazone derivative of doxorubicin (DOXO-EMCH) is an albumin-binding prodrug of doxorubicin with acid-sensitive properties that demonstrates superior antitumor efficacy in murine tumor models, and has been evaluated in a phase I study. In order to establish the toxicity profile of this prodrug, acute and repeat-dose toxicity studies were performed with DOXO-EMCH in CD1-mice, Sprague-Dawley rats and Beagle dogs. Although the objective of the acute toxicity studies was not the determination of LD50 values, the LD50 of DOXO-EMCH was >60mg/kg doxorubicin equivalents in

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Gokturk, Temel, Saban Kordali, and Ayse Usanmaz Bozhuyuk. "Insecticidal Effect of Essential Oils against Fall Webworm (Hypantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae))." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 10 (2017): 1934578X1701201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701201034.

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In this study, insecticidal effects of the essential oils obtained from plants Achillea biebersteinii Afan., Origanum onites L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia pratensis L., Satureja hortensis L., Tanacetum balsamita L. on American White Butterfly [ Hyphantria cunea Drury, Lepidoptera: Arctiidae] were tested in laboratory conditions. In this context, larvae of the 3rd and 4th periods of H. cunea were exposed to essential oils at doses of 10, 15 and 20 μl/petri for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. All of the essential oils used in the study caused mortality at different rates; the highest effect was

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Abrori, Cholis, Khana Nurfadhila, and Elly Nurus Sakinah. "Acute Toxicity Tests of Basil Leaves (Ocimumsanctum) Ethanolic Extract Determined By LD50 and Renal Histopathology." Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 5, no. 1 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ams.v5i1.6501.

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Basil leaves are widely used as herbal remedies and have proven many benefits because the content of phytonutrients includes antioxidants, but at certain doses a compound retains a probability of causing toxicity in the body. This study aims to determine the acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of basil leaves seen from the value of LD50 range and renal histopathology which is the vital organ of the target of toxicity in the body. The method of acute oral toxicity test was OECD 420 fix dose procedure method with a group of 5 Balb/c female mice given a multilevel dosage. The initial dose is 2000

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Aprianti, Rina, Lukita Devy, Lukita Devy, et al. "Kajian pengaruh iradiasi gamma cobalt-60 terhadap tanaman kapulaga jawa (Amomum compactum)." Jurnal AGRO 11, no. 2 (2025): 87–102. https://doi.org/10.15575/37683.

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Javanese cardamom plants are mostly propagated vegetatively using its rhizome. Therefore, the genetic variability is quite low so that the variability needs to be enhanced, one of them is by gamma irradiation. The objectives were to reveal the optimal dose (LD20 and LD50) of gamma irradiation on Java cardamom seedlings and to assess the performance of seedlings post irradiation. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with 6 replications. Gamma ray used were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 275 and 300 Gy. Survival rate, quantitative and qualitative obs

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LEE, HOI-SEON. "Food Protective Effect of Acaricidal Components Isolated from Anise Seeds against the Stored Food Mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank)." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 6 (2005): 1208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.6.1208.

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The acaricidal activity of anise seed–isolated anisaldehyde and commercially available components of anise seed was examined against Tyrophagus putrescentiae adults and compared with those of synthetic acaricides, benzyl benzoate, dibutyl phthalate, and N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). On the basis of LD50 (50% lethal dose) values, the compound most toxic to T. putrescentiae adults was anisaldehyde (LD50, 0.96 μg/cm2), followed by benzyl benzoate (LD50, 11.3 μg/cm2), anethole (LD50, 12.3 μg/cm2), dibutyl phthalate (LD50, 13.3 μg/cm2), DEET (LD50, 13.5 μg/cm2), estragole (LD50, 17.4 μg/cm2), and

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Lappi, Juha, and Jaana Luoranen. "Testing the differences of LT50, LD50, or ED50." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, no. 6 (2018): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0377.

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An approximate method is derived for testing the differences of LT50, LD50, or ED50, which indicate the temperature or dose needed to kill or damage half of the plants, respectively. It is assumed that a logistic model is used to describe the relationship between probability and a treatment variable in the framework of generalized linear mixed models or generalized linear models. The method is based on the delta method and the Wald test. In the forest sciences, this method can be used when dose, temperature, or time responses are compared in different treatments, cultivars, or origins.

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DECRÉAU, RICHARD, ANGÈLE VIOLA, MARIE JEANNE RICHARD, ANDRÉ JEUNETAN, and MICHEL JULLIARD. "Photodynamic Therapy: In Vitro Photosensitizing Efficacy of Bis(tri-n-hexylsiloxy)silicon Phthalocyanine against Achromic M6 Melanocytes. ESR Study of Active Oxygen Intermediates." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 02, no. 05 (1998): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199807/10)2:4/5<405::aid-jpp112>3.0.co;2-0.

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The in vitro photodynamic effect of bis(tri-n-hexylsiloxy)silicon phthalocyanine has been evaluated against the melanotic M6 cell line. The results showed that at 10-5 M dose, LD50 is obtained for a 150 J cm-2 light dose and LD90 for 540 J cm-2. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy was used with spin traps to study the type I and type II photochemical pathways involved and to detect active oxygen intermediates such as singlet oxygen, oxygen superoxide and hydroxyl radical. The two mechanisms occurred simultaneously and no change was observed when the phthalocyanine was entrapped in liposomes.

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Yusuf, P. O., S. Dahiru, M. P. Ameh, et al. "Embryonated eggs as an alternative to animals in the determination of median lethal dose (LD50) in bitis venom." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 21, no. 1 (2023): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v21i1.5.

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Determination of median lethal dose (LD50) is a vital tool adopted by the World Health Organization for pre-clinical assessment of products for use in the management of snakebite envenoming, a condition which is now included among the list of Neglected Tropical Diseases in 2017. The current trend in the determination of LD50 involves the use of laboratory animals, tens or even hundreds of animals are sacrificed to achieve this goal. This study aimed to find reliable alternatives to this sacrificing of laboratory animals for research purposes. This study investigated the comparative similaritie

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Geden, C. J., R. C. Axtell, and W. M. Brooks. "SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE LESSER MEALWORM, ALPHITOBIUS DIAPERINUS (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) TO THE ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODES STEINERNEMA FELTIAE, S. GLASERI (STEINERNEMATIDAE) AND HETERORHABDITIS HELIOTHIDIS (HETERORHABDITIDAE)." Journal of Entomological Science 20, no. 3 (1985): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-20.3.331.

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The infectivity of Steinernema feltiae, S. glaseri and Heterorhabditis heliothidis for early-stage larvae, late-stage larvae, pupae and adults of the lesser mealworm were evaluated under different habitat conditions. When confined in petri dishes with nematode-treated filter paper, all beetle stages were highly susceptible to parasitism by S. feltiae, with LD50 values ranging from 9 to 56 nematodes per host Early-stage larvae (LD50 = 26) and pupae (LD50 = 36) were more susceptible than late-stage larvae (LD50 = 1,791) and adults (LD50 = 724) to H. heliothidis. Only adult beetles (LD50 = 714) w

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Nadiyah, Laila Dinda, Yuktiana Kharisma, and Yuniarti Yuniarti. "Penentuan Derajat Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Air Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Muda Pada Mencit Menggunakan Purposed New Recommended Method." Jurnal Jamu Indonesia 1, no. 2 (2016): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jji.v1i2.14.

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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit was proven scientifically in having medicinal effects: such as gastroprotective, laxative, galactagogues, and antibacterial effect. Unripe papaya fruit contains saponin, alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, triterpenoid, and quinone which may reveal toxicities as adverse effect when it consumed in high dose. The aim of this study is to determine the acute toxicity degree of unripe Carica papaya L. fruit aqueous extract in mice using proposed new recommended method. The acute toxicity degree conducted by determination of lethal dose50 (LD50) using new recommended method

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Dinda Nadiyah, Laila, Yuktiana Kharisma, and Yuniarti Yuniarti. "Penentuan Derajat Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Air Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Muda Pada Mencit Menggunakan Purposed New Recommended Method." Jurnal Jamu Indonesia 1, no. 2 (2016): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jjidn.v1i2.30608.

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Papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit was proven scientifically in having medicinal effects: such as gastroprotective, laxative, galactagogues, and antibacterial effect. Unripe papaya fruit contains saponin, alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, triterpenoid, and quinone which may reveal toxicities as adverse effect when it consumed in high dose. The aim of this study is to determine the acute toxicity degree of unripe Carica papaya L. fruit aqueous extract in mice using proposed new recommended method. The acute toxicity degree conducted by determination of lethal dose50 (LD50) using new recommended method

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Aisyah, Syarifah Iis, Yodi Marthin, and M. Rizal M. Damanik. "Improving Performance of Coleus through Mutation Induction by Gamma Ray Irradiation." Journal of Tropical Crop Science 2, no. 1 (2015): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.2.1.26-32.

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The objective of this study is to study the effect of gamma ray irradiation (15, 30, 45, and 60 gray (Gy) to determine Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) values, and to obtain new Coleus variances in a relatively short time. The study was conducted in a greenhouse at Cikabayan experimental field, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga, Bogor in May to July 2013. Gamma irradiation treatment significantly affected height, number of leaves, and number of nodes. Increasing the dose level of gamma irradiation tend to inhibit plant growth. LD50 for yellow/green, green/brown, variegated green/brown of Coleus blum

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Siregar, D. S., Rosmayati, D. S. Hanafiah, and K. Lubis. "Initial vegetative growth and determination of the lethal dose of local rice arias putih at various doses of gamma irradiation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1352, no. 1 (2024): 012101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1352/1/012101.

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Abstract Local rice cultivars that are resistant to biotic and abiotic stress, in fact, still have weaknesses in terms of longevity and idiotypes that causes farmers to rarely cultivate local rice cultivars commercially. One method of plant breeding that can be taken to correct deficiencies in a plant is a mutation program using gamma-ray irradiation. The use of gamma rays must be tested for the value of LD50 so that the right dose is obtained in an effort to increase diversity. One of the upland rice varieties, Arias Putih, was irradiated with gamma rays at the following doses, G0=0 Gy, G1=10

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Stallard, N., A. Whitehead, and P. Ridgway. "Statistical evaluation of the revised fixed-dose procedure." Human & Experimental Toxicology 21, no. 4 (2002): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327102ht239oa.

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The fixed-dose procedure (FDP) was introduced as OECD Test Guideline 420 in 1992, as an alternative to the conventional median lethal dose (LD50) test for the assessment of acute oral toxicity (OECD Test Guideline 401). The FDP uses fewer animals and causes less suffering than the conventional test, while providing information on the acute toxicity to allow substances to be ranked according to the EU hazard classification system. Recently the FDP has been revised, with the aim of providing further reductions and refinements, and classification according to the criteria of the Globally Harmoniz

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Matysik, S. I., B. P. Kuzminov, and D. D. Ostapiv. "CYTOTOXIC ACTION OF HEPATOPROTECTOR ANTRAL ON BULL SPERM." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 2 (2020): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-2-206-209.

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Introduction. According to the European legislation and requirements, industrial production of medication shall be provided with well-defined regulations of the quality of such preparation. Material and methods. Cytotoxic action of hepatoprotector Antral on bull sperm was evaluated. Samples of sperm were divided into control and two experimental samples: control one was diluted with phosphate-buffered saline (PSB), which included NaCl - 0.8 g, KСl - 0.02 g, Na2HPO4 - 0.11 g, КH2PO4 - 0.02 g, MgCl2 - 0.01 г, Н2О till 100ml; in the first experimental sample PSB was added with antral in the dose

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Sankaran, M., D. Kalaivanan, and Suni Gowda. "Studies on mutagenic sensitivity of seeds of pummelo (Citrus maxima Merr.)." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 16, no. 1 (2021): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.2021.v16i01.013.

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Mutation breeding is a key method of generating a large number of heritable variations. Effective dose (LD50) needs to be standardized for inducing sufficient variation in a crop. In the present study, seeds were irradiated with different doses of Gamma rays and found that 66.94 Gy could suppress germination close to 50 percent (LD50) in pummelo. This 60 Gy gamma dose can effectively be used for raising the mutant populations to identify a desirable mutation in pummelo.

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Sankaran, M., D. Kalaivanan, and Suni Gowda. "Studies on mutagenic sensitivity of seeds of pummelo (Citrus maxima Merr.)." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 16, no. 1 (2021): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v16i1.1127.

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Mutation breeding is a key method of generating a large number of heritable variations. Effective dose (LD50) needs to be standardized for inducing sufficient variation in a crop. In the present study, seeds were irradiated with different doses of Gamma rays and found that 66.94 Gy could suppress germination close to 50 percent (LD50) in pummelo. This 60 Gy gamma dose can effectively be used for raising the mutant populations to identify a desirable mutation in pummelo.

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Kuznetsov, Yu E., and N. V. Kuznetsova. "Study of subchronic toxicity of the drug " Prazicide-complex" on rats." Legal regulation in veterinary medicine, no. 1 (April 21, 2025): 86–90. https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2025.1.86.

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The drug «Prasicide-complex» belongs to the combined antiparasitic drugs with a wide spectrum of action.The study of subchronic toxicity of the drug allows us to assess the safety of its use in animals. Monitoring the blood parameters of laboratory animals, namely the study of hematological and biochemical values, is one of the most important means of assessing the health of rats.The purpose of our research was to study the blood parameters of laboratory rats when studying the subchronic toxicity of the drug «Prasicide-complex». Subchronic toxicity was studied on white Wistar laboratory rats (

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Gizzatullin, R. R., R. R. Gizzatullina, R. F. Shangaraev, and M. H. Lutfullin. "RESULTS OF STUDYING THE EMBRYOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF THE NEW COMPOUND "DS/16" IN WHITE RATS." Scientific Notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 245, no. 1 (2021): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31588/2413-4201-1883-245-1-29-32.

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The embryotoxic activity of the compound "DS/16" was studied in white rats. It was found that when intragastric administration of the drug "DS/16" in animals at a dose of 60 mg / kg (1/20 part of a single dose of LD50), from 5-10 days of pregnancy, does not significantly affect the fetal embryonic development in the antenatal and postnatal period.

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Kuzminov, Borys, Tetyana Zazulyak, and Dmytro Ostapiv. "Changes in redox processes in the cells of test objects – bull spermatozoa under the effect of naphazoline nitrate." Interdisciplinary Toxicology 14, no. 3 (2021): 68–71. https://doi.org/10.2478/intox-2021-0011.

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Abstract Naphazoline nitrate is a medicine with a number of side effects, which should be taken into account not only in therapeutic practice, but also when developing preventive measures in pharmaceutical production. The purpose of our work was to study the effect of naphazoline nitrate on redox processes and the duration of survival of bull spermatozoa. Bull semen samples were divided into groups: control – without adding naphazoline nitrate and experimental – with adding naphazoline nitrate. The respiratory activity of spermatozoa was determined by the polarographic method, reducing capacit

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Eason, CT, and CM Frampton. "Acute Toxicity of Sodium Monofluoroacetate (1080) Baits to Feral Cats." Wildlife Research 18, no. 4 (1991): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910445.

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Feral cat populations have a devastating effect on many native wildlife species. As part of a programme to evaluate improved predator control, feral cats were observed after they had ingested a polymer bait loaded with sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) 0.4-1.6 mg/g bait, equivalent to doses of 0.1-1.3 mg/kg body weight. Deaths occurred with 0.6 mg/g bait and all higher doses. With the highest dose all animals died within 24 h. An approximate oral LD50 of 0.28 mg/kg (0.07-0.49) and LD90 of 0.35 mg/kg (0.14-0.56) were calculated (with 95% confidence limits). Main symptoms were disorientation and l

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