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Academic literature on the topic 'Le Caire (Égypte) – Conditions sociales – 21e siècle'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Le Caire (Égypte) – Conditions sociales – 21e siècle"
Habib, Heba Allah. "Assabeyya : idiome de détresse : exploration anthropologique de la détresse psychologique de femmes dans le Caire contemporain." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28378.
Full textThis research has set many objectives, the main one was to explore 'assabeyya in order to discover if it is an idiom of distress expressed and manifested by many Egyptian women. The research investigated then whether ‘assabeyya is the expression of an emotional suffering, expressed through ‘nerves', secondary to exposure to many violent traumatic events (direct or indirect violence as structural and symbolic /cultural violence) as in nervios, nevra, nervos or even nerves. The third objective was to see if there is a biomedicalization of this social suffering represented by ‘assabeyya, and finally the last objective was to discover if ‘assabeyya and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are in fact related resulting both from the traumatic consequences of Egyptian women's exposure to these numerous sources of violence. In-depth interviews based on the explanatory model of the disease were set in order to gather information on the type of suffering and exposure to violence of women in a Cairo suburb, who were psychiatric and non-psychiatric patients. The presence of characteristic symptoms of BPD and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was also investigated. In addition, interviews were conducted with mental health professionals and more broadly with health professionals, as well as with resource persons from the same community. The analysis of the data allowed, first, to confirm the hypotheses put forward, and then to depict a synthetic vision of ‘assabeyya, a vision revolving around the key notion of subjugation. The relationship between subjugation and ‘assabeyya has been analyzed according to the three-dimensional approach of disease, illness and sickness (Kleinman et al., 1980, 2006), along with the coping mechanisms induced by this subjugation and the types of agency it inspires, including victimcy (Honwana 2000). Subjection and ‘assabeyya were then analyzed according to the ethnopsychiatric approach through the concepts of Khaldunian ‘assabeyya (Ibn Khaldun 1986), alienation and anomie (Durkheim 1960); and through the ethnopsychanalytic one (Freud 1914-1916, 1961; Butler 1997). Finally, an existential approach has attempted to explore the relation of ‘assabeyya to subjugation, providing ‘assabeyya with a scope beyond the field of anthropology and psychiatry, to reach those of politics and philosophy.
Abdelaziz, Mahmoud Randa. "Héliopolis : la métamorphose d'une cité-jardin en un quartier urbain." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA123010.
Full textHeliopolis, the subject of this dissertation, had been created by Baron Empain in 1906 as a new city outside Cairo, inspired by the garden-city model. The study analyses the metamorphosis of this city in the course of the 20th century, during which its urban evolution changes completely, to the extent of taking on an opposite direction to the original plan with respect to some aspects. Throughout the first half of the century, Heliopolis was a commercial capitalist project, whose urban development was controlled by a Belgian colonial company. After the 1952-revolution, the company was nationalized and run by a majority of Egyptians under a socialist regime. Heliopolis was then taken up by the tertiary sector, which also spread all over the capital, changing its status from an autonomous garden city to an urban district in the heart of Cairo. This study is about tracing the urban, architectural and social transformations of heliopolis, emphasing the political and economic situation
Ghazaleh, Pascale. "Généalogies patrimoniales : la constitution des fortunes urbaines : Le Caire, 1780-1830." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0033.
Full textThis study of import-export merchants in Cairo in the late 18th and early 19th centuries focuses on the changing material conditions of their reproduction as a group in a time of political, administrative and economic centralization. Based on research in sharii ̀a court archives, it traces the careers of several merchants and examines the social networks they mobilize, while analyzing the categories used to define these individuals. Property relations and access rights determine the borders of such overlapping groups as the family, soldiers and traders ; strategies of appropriation and devolution redefine these groups and reveal the conflicts between parties to patrimony. An investigation of legal and material relations between individuals shows how invesment in real estate, usufruct rights and patronage alliances apportioned limited resources to create solidarity among business associates, integrate slaves into the household, institutionalize family ,ames, and exclude non-allied heirs
Loiseau, Julien. "Reconstruire la maison du sultan : ruine et recomposition de l'ordre urbain au Caire : (1350-1450)." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0053.
Full textThis thesis deals with a century of dramatic changes in the history of the Mamluk sultanate in Egypt and of its capital, Cairo. Maqrizi's famous description of Cairo and his thinking of the inquity of power as the main reason of the country decay- an hommage paid to Ibn Khaldûm's thought_ has been inspired by the actual ruin of the city as the begining of the XVth century. Indeed, since the end of the XIVth century and the decisive swing of Barquq's reign, the Mamluk State has accomplished its aggiornamento. The sultanate was reinforced by the hands, and the mamluks of his household; the declining wealth of the country was concentrated in their hands, and the city reconstructed according to the new balance of powers, in a quite dramatic way. Henceforth, the great urban works are implemented by the sultans. Their civil servants, especially the ustadar, and the Great Eunuchs are displacing the amirs the main characters of the edility of the city which turns out to be the basis of their new wealth. On the contrary, the amirs keep their part in governing the city and maintaining order, in spite of the outbursts of the young Mamluks violence
Kotb, Amira Mohamed, and Amira Mohamed Kotb. "Assessing the effectiveness of Street Girls NGOs in Egypt : with whom? In what specific context?" Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25921.
Full textDepuis les années 80’s, plusieurs ONG locales et internationales opèrent en Egypte afin d’éradiquer le phénomène des enfants de la rue. Cependant, le phénomène persiste et donne lieu à une seconde génération d’enfants de rue, notamment avec la présence de jeunes filles dans la rue. Par ailleurs, un large pourcentage de ces mères refuse d’abandonner la rue ou de rejoindre les programmes de réhabilitation des ONG. Non seulement une génération de petits-enfants de rue voit le jour mais en 2011, ces enfants commencent à prendre part dans des affrontements violents contre l’armée et les forces de sécurité égyptiennes. La dégénération du problème pousse l’Etat Egyptien –jusque-là quasi réticent d’aborder en profondeur les causes du problème- à engager un bras de fer avec les filles et les garçons de la rue. Selon l’Etat, l’approche « de sauvetage » appliquée par les ONG se serait avérée ineffective et par conséquent, devrait céder la place à une approche « punitive » à l’égard des enfants de la rue. Ainsi, l’Etat décide de construire un « village » isolé sous l’égide de l’armée égyptienne où les enfants de la rue seront groupés et placés contre leur gré. Entre les limites de l’approche de sauvetage et la violence de l’approche punitive, cette thèse cherche à trouver une troisième voie où les efforts des ONG et de l’Etat pourraient aboutir à des solutions plus adaptées aux besoins des enfants de la rue. A travers un échantillon de 30 filles de rue, cette thèse tente de repérer les facteurs causant la faible réceptivité des filles de rues aux programmes des ONG et limitant l’effectivité de l’approche de sauvetage. Pour ce faire, la thèse utilise l’approche de l’écologie sociale de Bronfenbrenner pour étudier les cinq couches formant l’environnement de chaque fille et interagissant pour affecter son processus de prise de décisions. L’effet de chacune de ces couches sur la réceptivité des filles de rues aux ONG est ensuite analysé statistiquement afin d’aider les ONG à concevoir des programmes sur mesure qui répondent aux besoins spécifiques de chaque fille de la rue.
Since the 1980s, many local and international NGOs have been operating in Egypt to solve the problem of street children. However, the phenomenon persisted and produced a second generation of street children, largely due to a high number of young girls living on the street. A large percentage of these street mothers refuse to abandon the street or to join rehabilitation programs provided by NGOs. Not only a new generation of street grand-children was born but in 2011, these children began participating in violent clashes against the Egyptian Army and Security Forces. The degeneration of the problem pushed the Egyptian State, thus far unwilling to address the roots of the problem to launch an iron fist policy against street girls and boys. According to the State, the “rescuing” approach adopted by NGOs has proven ineffective and consequently must be replaced by a “punitive” approach to deal with street children. Therefore, the State decided to build, under the supervision of the Egyptian Army, an isolated “village” where street children will be gathered and placed against their will. Between the limits of the rescuing approach and the violence of the punitive one, this dissertation seeks a third path, where the efforts of NGOs and the State can lead to solutions more tailored to the needs of street children. Through a sample of 30 street girls, this dissertation tries to locate the factors causing the low responsiveness of street girls to NGOs and limiting the effectiveness of the rescuing approach. For this purpose, the dissertation uses Bronfenbrenner’s social ecology approach to study the five layers forming each girl’s environment and interacting to affect her decision making process. The effect of each layer on girls’ responsiveness to NGOs is then analyzed statistically to help NGOs design programs that better address the individual needs of each street girl.
Since the 1980s, many local and international NGOs have been operating in Egypt to solve the problem of street children. However, the phenomenon persisted and produced a second generation of street children, largely due to a high number of young girls living on the street. A large percentage of these street mothers refuse to abandon the street or to join rehabilitation programs provided by NGOs. Not only a new generation of street grand-children was born but in 2011, these children began participating in violent clashes against the Egyptian Army and Security Forces. The degeneration of the problem pushed the Egyptian State, thus far unwilling to address the roots of the problem to launch an iron fist policy against street girls and boys. According to the State, the “rescuing” approach adopted by NGOs has proven ineffective and consequently must be replaced by a “punitive” approach to deal with street children. Therefore, the State decided to build, under the supervision of the Egyptian Army, an isolated “village” where street children will be gathered and placed against their will. Between the limits of the rescuing approach and the violence of the punitive one, this dissertation seeks a third path, where the efforts of NGOs and the State can lead to solutions more tailored to the needs of street children. Through a sample of 30 street girls, this dissertation tries to locate the factors causing the low responsiveness of street girls to NGOs and limiting the effectiveness of the rescuing approach. For this purpose, the dissertation uses Bronfenbrenner’s social ecology approach to study the five layers forming each girl’s environment and interacting to affect her decision making process. The effect of each layer on girls’ responsiveness to NGOs is then analyzed statistically to help NGOs design programs that better address the individual needs of each street girl.