Journal articles on the topic 'Le Nain'

This study investigates spelling variants of the name of the city where Jesus raises the only son of a widow, in Lk 7.11: Nain or Naim. The study develops along three lines: textual critic, Hebraic etymology, ancient geography. The investigation eventually raises the question of the theological significance of the miracle of Nain.

Single crystals of In2.24(NCN)3 and NaIn(N CN)2 can be synthesized from a reaction between InBr and NaCN at 400 °C, followed by chemical transport at 400-500 °C. The X-ray crystal structure determinations of In2.24(NCN)3 (rhombohedral R3̄c, a = 606.09(4), c = 2884.4(2) pm, Z = 6) and NaIn(NCN)2 (orthorhombic Cmcm, a = 961.30(6), b = 716.84(5), c = 603.65(4) pm, Z = 4) reveal ionic layer structures built from sheets of cationic and anionic (cyanamide) motifs. While NaIn(NCN)2 contains In3+ and Na+ ions, In2.24(NCN)3 is a mixedvalence compound, incorporating a monovalent In+ ion besides trivalent indium. The NCN2- units of both In2.24(NCN)3 and NaIn(NCN)2 reflect perfect D∞h point group symmetry within the limits of experimental accuracy. Furthermore, an evaluation of all presently available crystallographic data on metal cyanamide crystal structures manifests that there is no evidence for a non-centrosymmetric description of any of these. Likewise, we propose an alternative centrosymmetric structural model for lead cyanamide, PbNCN, and question the evidence of the unsymmetrical, non-D∞h shaped cyanamide anion in the latter structure.

Archean gneisses of the Nain Province in the Nain area, Labrador, comprise narrow septa between intrusions of the Mesoproterozoic Nain Plutonic Suite. This region occupies a critical position between the northern (Saglek) and southern (Hopedale) blocks of the Nain Province, which experienced distinct thermotectonic histories until the late Archean. Field and geochronological evidence are indicative of a strong late Archean thermotectonic overprint that is absent from most of the remainder of the Nain Province. Archean gneisses were intruded by granites and mafic dykes at 2578 ± 3 and [Formula: see text], respectively, and subsequently subjected to amphibolite- to granulite-facies regional metamorphism and ductile shearing at ca. 2550 Ma; granite veins and dykes related to the Nain Plutonic Suite were emplaced at ca. 1310 Ma. The Archean events are interpreted to represent the juxtapositioning and final docking of Saglek and Hopedale blocks to form a single, stable cratonic mass during the late Archean. Corroborative evidence indicates that the collisional boundary zone could extend at least 200 km to the north and 150 km to the south of Nain. This late Archean junction may have subsequently been exploited by several Paleoproterozoic granitic intrusions and some members of the Mesoproterozoic Nain Plutonic Suite.

ABSTRAKKajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa struktur komunitas dan keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di Pulau Nain Kecamatan Wori, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Pulau Nain adalah salah satu pulau yang masuk dalam kawasan konservasi Taman Nasional Bunaken dan memiliki kawasan budidaya rumput laut yang masih produktif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dan primer. Data yang dibutuhkan dalam kajian ini meliputi data dimensi ekologi, sosial ekonomi, dan kelembagaan. Analisis yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah RAPMECS (Rapid Appraisal for Mangroves Ecosystem) dengan analisis multy dimensional scaling (MDS). Hasil yang diperoleh dari kajian ini adalah luasan mangrove Pulau Nain sebesar 4.40 ha, memiliki dua jenis mangrove yaitu Rhizophora apiculata dan Avicennia marinna masing-masing dari family Avicenniaceae dan Rhizophoraceae. Indeks nilai penting (INP) jenis tertinggi terlihat pada jenis Rhizophora apiculata (79.64%) sedangkan jenis Avicennia marinna (79.64%). Ekosistem mangrove Pulau Nain dalam kondisi yang baik, tapi secara kuantitas belum optimal sebagai buffer sistem lingkungan pesisir. Status keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove Pulau Nain menunjukkan angka 46,89 yang berarti status keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove pulau ini berada dalam kondisi cukup baik. Keterisolasian pulau, luasan mangrove yang kecil, luas pulau yang kecil dan rendahnya kualitas sumberdaya manusia membuat pulau ini memiliki nilai yang kurang baik untuk keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove Pulau Nain. Pemantauan secara berkala dan strategi pengelolaan yang baik dapat meningkatkan indeks keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove serta meningkatkan kapasitas lingkungan pesisir Pulau Nain.ABSTRACTThe aims of this study are to analyze the community structure and sustainability of mangrove ecosystem management in Nain Island, Wori District, North Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province. Nain Island is one of the islands rlocated in Bunaken National Park conservation area and has productive seaweed cultivation area. This study used secondary and primary data. Data required in this study are included dimension data of ecological, socio-economic, and institutional. The analysis that used in this study was RAPMECS (Rapid Appraisal for Mangroves Ecosystem) through multy dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis. The results obtained from this study are mangroves area in Nain Island was 4.40 ha, has two types of mangroves Rhizophora apiculata and Avicennia marinna respectively belong to family Avicenniaceae and Rhizophoraceae. The highest species importance value index (INP) wasfound in Rhizophora apiculata (79.64%) while Avicennia marinna (79.64%). Mangrove ecosystem in Nain Island are in good condition, but in quantity not yet optimal as buffer for coastal environment system. The sustainability status of mangrove ecosystem management of Nain Island shows 46.89 which means that the sustainability status of mangrove ecosystem management of this island is in fair condition. Isolation of island small mangrove areas, small islands and low quality of human resources make this island has a poor value for the sustainability of mangrove ecosystem management. Regular monitoring and good management strategies can improve the sustainability index of mangrove ecosystem management and increase the capacity of the coastal environment of Nain Island.Sitasi: Schaduw J.N.W. (2018). Struktur Komunitas Dan Keberlanjutan Pengelolaan Ekosistem Mangrove Pulau-Pulau Kecil (Kasus Pada Pulau Nain Kabupaten Minahasa Utara Provinsi Sulawesi Utara). Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 16(2), 120-129,doi:10.14710/jil.16.2.120-129

The Son of the Widow from Nain.By Kaj ThaningThis article intends to elucidate the distinctions that Grundtvig made in his world of ideas in the course of the years from 1824 to 1834, first between spirit and letter, church and church-school (1826-1830), and then between natural life and Christian life (in 1832). In His "Literary Testament" (1827), Grundtvig himself admits that there was a "Chaos" in his writings, due to the youthful fervour that pervaded his literary works and his sermons in the years 1822-1824. But not until 1832 does he acknowledge that "when I speak or write as a citizen, or a bard, or a scholar, it is not the time nor the place to either preach or confess, so when I have done so, it was a mistake which can only be excused with the all too familiar disorder pertaining to our church, our civic life, and our scholarship...", as it says in a passage omitted from the manuscript for "Norse Mythology”, 1832. (The passage is printed in its entirety in ”A Human first...”, p. 259f.)The point of departure for Thaning’s article is a sermon on the Son of the Widow from Nain, delivered in 1834, which the editor, Christian Thodberg also found "singularly personal”, since Grundtvig keeps using the pronoun ”1”. In this sermon Grundtvig says that those who have heard him preaching on this text before, would remember that he regarded the mourning widow as ”an image of the same broken heart at all times”, and her comforter, Jesus, not only as a great prophet in Israel, but ”as the living Being who sees us and is with us always until the end of the world”. Thodberg is of the opinion that Grundtvig refers to his sermon from 1823. Thaning, however, thinks that the reference is to the sermon from 1824. But Grundtvig adds that one may now rightly ask him whether he ’’still regards the gospel for the day with the same eyes, the same hope and fear as before.” He wants to discuss this, among other things ’’because the best thing we can do when we grow old is ... to develop and explain what in the days of our youth .. sprang up before our eyes and echoes in our innermost mind.” In other words, he speaks as if he had grown old. So Thaning asks: "What happened on the way from Our Saviour’s Church to Frederick’s Church?"Thaning’s answer is that there was a change in Grundtvig’s view of life. Already in his first sermon in 1832, he says that his final and truly real hour as a pastor has now arrived. Thaning’s explanation is that Grundtvig has now passed from the time of strong emotions to that of calm reflections. Not until now does he realize "what is essential and what is not". And in 1834 he says that our Christian views, too, must go through a purgatorial fire when we grow older. This is not only true of the lofty views of human life which, naturally, go through this purgatory and most often lose themselves in it. Here Grundtvig distinguishes between natural and Christian life which is something new in a sermon. Thaning adds that this purgatorial fire pervades Grundtvig’s drafts for the Introduction to "Norse Mythology" in 1832. But then, Grundtvig’s lofty views did not lose themselves in purgatory. He got through it. His view of life changed. (Here Thaning refers to his dissertation, "A Human First...", p. 306ff).This is vaguely perceptible throughout the sermon in question. But according to Thaning Grundtvig slightly distorts the picture of his old sermon. In the latter he did not mix up natural and Christian life. It is Thaning’s view that Grundtvig is thinking of the distinct mixture of Christianity and Danish national feeling in the poem "New Year’s Morning" (1824). But he also refers to Grundtvig’s sermon on Easter Monday, 1824, printed in Helge Toldberg’s dissertation, "Grundtvig’s World of Symbols" (1950), p. 233ff, showing that he has been captured by imagery in a novel manner. He seems to want to impose himself upon his audience. In 1834 he knows he has changed. But 1832 is the dividing year. In the passage omitted from the manuscript for "Norse Mythology", Grundtvig states explicitly that faith is "a free matter": "Faith is a matter of its own, and truly each man’s own matter". Grundtvig could not say this before 1832. Thaning is of the opinion that this new insight lies behind the distinction that he makes in the sermon in 1834, where he says that he used to mix up Christian life with "the natural life of our people", which involved the risk that his Christian view might be misinterpreted and doubted. Now it has been through purgatory. And in the process it has only lost its "absurdity and obscurity, which did not come from the Lord, but from myself”.Later in the sermon he says: "The view is no more obscured by my Danish national feeling; I certainly do not by any means fail to appreciate the particularly friendly relationship that has prevailed through centuries between the Christian faith and the life of this people, and nor do I by any means renounce my hope that the rebirth of Christianity here will become apparent to the world, too, as a good deed, but yet this is only a dream, and the prophet will by no means tell us such dreams, but he bids us separate them sharply from the word of God, like the straw from the grain...". This cannot be polemically directed against his own sermons from 1824. It must necessarily reflect a reaction against the fundamental view expressed in "New Year’s Morning" and its vision of Christianity and Danishness in one. (Note that in his dissertation for the Degree of Divinity, Bent Christensen calls the poem "a dream", as Thaning adds).In his "Literary Testament" (1827) Grundtvig speaks about the "Chaos" caused by "the spirits of the Bible, of history, and of the Nordic countries, whom I serve and confuse in turn." But there is not yet any recognition of the same need for a distinction between Danishness and Christianity, which in the sermon he calls "the straw and the grain". Here he speaks of the distinction between "church and church-school, Christianity and theology, the spirit of the Bible and the letter of the Bible", as a consequence of his discovery in 1825. He still identifies the spirit of human history with the spirit of the Bible: "Here is the explanation over my chaos", Grundtvig says. But it is this chaos that resolves itself, leading to the insight and understanding in the sermon from 1834.In the year after "The Literary Testament", 1828, Grundtvig publishes the second part of his "Sunday Book", in which the only sermon on the Son of the Widow in this work appears. It is the last sermon in this volume, and it is an elaboration of the sermon from 1824. What is particularly characteristic of it is its talk about hope. "When the heart sees its hope at death’s door, where is comfort to be found for it, save in a divine voice, intoning Weep not!" Here Grundtvig quotes St. John 3:16 and says that when this "word of Life" is heard, when hope revives and rises from its bier, is it not then, and not until then, that we feel that God has visited his people...?" In the edition of this sermon in the "Sunday Book" a note of doubt has slipped in which did not occur in the original sermon from 1824. The conclusion of the sermon bears evidence that penitential Christianity has not yet been overcome: "What death would be too hard a transition to eternal life?" - "Then, in the march of time, let it stand, that great hope which is created by the Word ... like the son of the great woman from Nain."It is a strange transition to go from this sermon to the next one about the son of the widow, the sermon from 1832, where Christ is no longer called "hope". The faith has been moved to the present: "... only in the Word do we find him, the Word was the sign of life when we rose from the dead, and if we fell silent, it was the sign of death." - "Therefore, as the Lord has visited us and has opened our mouths, we shall speak about him always, in the certain knowledge that it is as necessary and as pleasurable as to breathe..." The emphasis of faith is no longer in words like longing and hope.In a sense this and other sermons in the 1830s anticipate the hymn "The Lord has visited his people" ("Hymn Book" (Sangv.rk) I, no. 23): the night has turned into morning, the sorrow has been removed. The gospel has become the present. As before the Church is compared with the widow who cried herself blind at the foot of the cross. Therefore the Saviour lay in the black earth, nights and days long. But now the Word of life has risen from the dead and shall no more taste death. The dismissal of the traditional Christianity, handed down from the past, is extended to include the destructive teaching in schools. The young man on the bier has been compared with the dead Christianity which Grundtvig now rejects. At an early stage Grundtvig was aware of its effects, such as in the Easter sermon in 1830 ("Sunday Book" III, p. 263) where Grundtvig speaks as if he had experienced a breakthrough to his new view. So, the discovery of the Apostles’ Creed in 1825 must have been an enormous feeling of liberation for him – from the worship of the letter that so pervaded his age. Grundtvig speaks about the "living, certain, oral, audible" word in contrast to the "dead, uncertain, written, mute" sign in the book. However, there is as yet no mention of the "Word from the Mouth of our Lord", which belongs to a much later time. Only then does he acquire the calm confidence that enables him to preach on the background of what has happened that the Word has risen from the dead. The question to ask then is what gave him this conviction."Personally I think that it came to him at the same time as life became a present reality for him through the journeys to England," Thaning says. By the same token, Christianity also became a present reality. The discovery of 1825 was readily at hand to grant him a means of expression to convey this present reality and the address to him "from the Lord’s own mouth", on which he was to live. It is no longer enough for him to speak about "the living, solemn evidence at baptism of the whole congregation, the faith we are all to share and confess" as much more certain than everything that is written in all the books of the world. The "Sunday Book" is far from containing the serene insight which, in spite of everything, the Easter sermon, written incidentally on Easter Day, bears witness to. But in 1830 he was not yet ready to sing "The Lord has visited his people", says Thaning.In the sermon from 1834 one meets, as so often in Grundtvig, his emphasis on the continuity in his preaching. In the mourning widow he has always seen an image of the Church, as it appears for the first time in an addition to the sermon on the text in the year 1821 ("Pr.st. Sermons", vol I, p. 296). It ends with a clue: "The Church of Christ now is the Widow of Nain". He will probably have elaborated that idea and concluded his sermon with it. Nevertheless, as it has appeared, the sermon in 1834 is polemically directed against his former view, the mixture of Christian and natural life. He recognizes that there is an element of "something fantastic" sticking to the "view of our youth".Already in a draft for a sermon from March 4,1832, Grundtvig says:"... this was truly a great error among us that we contented ourselves with an obscure and indefinite idea of the Spirit as well as the Truth, for as a consequence of that we were so doubtful and despondent, and we so often mistook the letter for the spirit, or the spirit of phantasy and delusion for that of God..." (vol. V, p. 79f).The heart-searchings which this sermon draft and the sermon on the 16th Sunday after Trinity are evidence of, provide enough argument to point to 1832 as a year of breakthrough. We, his readers, would not have been able to indicate the difference between before and now with stronger expressions than Grundtvig’s own. "He must really have turned into a different kind of person", Thaning says. At the conclusion of the article attention is drawn to the fact that the image of the Son of the Widow also appears in an entirely different context than that of the sermon, viz. in the article about Popular Life and Christianity that Grundtvig wrote in 1847. "What still remains alive of Danish national feeling is exactly like the disconsolate widow at the gate of Nain who follows her only begotten son to the grave" (US DC, p. 86f). The dead youth should not be spoken to about the way to eternal life, but a "Rise!" should be pronounced, and that apparently means: become a living person! On this occasion Grundtvig found an opportunity to clarify his ideas. His "popular life first" is an extension of his "a human being first" from 1837. He had progressed over the last ten years. But the foundation was laid with the distinction between Christian and natural life at the beginning of the 1830s.

In this note we give a counterexample which shows that the µc-rule is not optimal in the second node of the tandem queue. This counterexample contradicts the interchange argument in Nain [1] and Nain et al. [2].

In this note we give a counterexample which shows that the µc-rule is not optimal in the second node of the tandem queue. This counterexample contradicts the interchange argument in Nain [1] and Nain et al. [2].

The Paleoproterozoic southeastern Churchill Province (SECP) is located in the northeastern Canadian Shield of Labrador and Quebec. The SECP formed through the oblique collisions of the Archean Nain and Superior cratons with a third intervening Archean block, the core zone. The belt has a tripartite structure, comprising the Torngat Orogen (TO) formed by Nain craton – core zone collision in the east, the core zone in the centre, and the New Quebec Orogen (NQO) formed by Superior craton – core zone collision in the west. The SECP thus records transpressional development on the flanks of the Superior and Nain cratons as they indented northwards to form the larger Trans-Hudson – Nagssugtoqidian orogenic belt to the north. Principal stages of tectonic development were (1) 2.2–2.1 Ga crustal rifting of Nain and Superior cratons; (2) ca. 1.9 Ga subduction under eastern Nain craton; (3) ca. 1.87–1.85 Ga collision of Nain craton and core zone to form the TO; (4) 1.845–1.820 Ga sinistral transpression in the TO, and subduction under the western core zone; and (5) 1.82–1.77 Ga collision of Superior craton and core zone to form the NQO, in association with dextral transpression. Crustal-scale cross sections of the SECP have been developed from reflection and refraction seismic data. The western part of the NQO is dominantly west-vergent and associated with an imbricate thick-skinned thrust stack that ramps from the base of the crust. The core zone is characterized by a 35–40 km thick crust and pervasive east-dipping fabrics related to westerly thrusting. The TO is a narrow, doubly vergent belt, associated with a 48 km thick crust that forms a crustal root with a Moho relief of 12 km. The root is interpreted to result from attempted subduction of the core zone under the Nain craton, possibly as a result of mid-crustal wedging by the Nain craton. The TO was the site of intense convergence that resulted in excision of juvenile crust, possibly including tectonic removal of the axial magmatic arc. As a result, the middle to lower levels of the SECP consist largely of refractory Archean lithosphere. This may account for the lack of widespread post-collisional plutonism in the SECP and the preservation of the TO root.

The Paleoproterozoic Torngat Orogen, in northernmost Labrador and northeastern Quebec, records the collision between the western margin of the Nain Province and the eastern margin of the Rae Province. Six samples from a suite of calc-alkaline plutonic rocks that intrude the Nain craton have been dated using the U–Pb method at 1895 ± 2, 1888 ± 2, [Formula: see text], 1885 ± 2 (two samples), and >1859 Ma, and support the interpretation that east-dipping subduction occurred below the Nain craton during this interval. A granitic dyke that truncates the sinistral shear fabric in the Abloviak shear zone is 1824 ± 2 Ma, placing a younger limit on the timing of this deformation in the area. A second granitic dyke, emplaced synchronously with dextral deformation in the bend in the Abloviak shear zone, is 1798 ± 3 Ma. A model is proposed in which subduction occurred beneath the Nain craton along its entire exposed length from 1.91 to 1.86 Ga, and collision occurred between 1.86 and 1.84 Ga, followed by oblique uplift of the southern part of the Rae craton from 1.80 to 1.71 Ga.

U-Pb (zircon) age determinations from three granitoid intrusions in the Nain region, formerly assigned to the well-known 1.35-1.29 Ga (Mesoproterozoic) Nain Plutonic Suite (NPS), indicate that they were emplaced, instead, during the Paleoproterozoic. Crystallization ages of 2109 ± 3 Ma for Sheet Hill granite, 2052 ± 4 Ma for Loon Island granite, and 2025 ± 7 Ma for Satok Island monzonite demonstrate a decreasing time of emplacement from north to south. Leucocratic basic rocks, superficially similar to those of the NPS, occur as inclusions within the Satok Island monzonite and are intruded by an 1873 ± 4 Ma granitic aplite dyke north of Webb's Bay. The ages clearly demonstrate granitic magmatism in the Nain area for at least 750 Ma, and anorthositic magmatism for at least 675 Ma, before the development of NPS. The earliest Paleoproterozoic magmatism (2109-2025 Ma) may have coincided with breakup of the North Atlantic craton, whereas the local magmatism represented by the 1873 Ma aplite dyke may be related to the embryonic stages of the continental collision that produced the 1860-1740 Ma Torngat Orogen. Leucocratic basic rocks associated with the Paleoproterozoic granitic rocks identified here could be Archean in age, but are more likely coeval with the granites. Other granitic and basic rocks in the Nain area may likewise be products of this bimodal plutonism. Identification of this possible geological duality suggests repetitive magmatism of "anorogenic type" over a significant time span in this part of Labrador. If the mantle-plume-related genesis accorded the Mesoproterozoic NPS is applicable to the Paleoproterozoic rocks, it implies multiple periods of similar lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction in this area, beginning at least in the Paleoproterozoic. The Paleoproterozoic magmas may have been emplaced into Nain Province crust along a linear intracontinental extension zone inboard from a rifted margin.

Abstract Neonate alloimmune neutropenia (NAIN) is caused by the transplacental transfer of maternal alloantibodies directed against antigens on the infant’s neutrophils. To date, there are scant studies about its clinical characteristics and characterization of antineutrophil antibodies though some case reports are found. In this study we analyzed 11 cases with NAIN from January 2005 to December 2007. The diagnosis of NAIN was confirmed by the transient neutropenia less than 500/μl of absolute neutrophil count (ANC), the detection of maternal antineutrophil antibody, the incompatibility of neutrophil antigens between parents, and their mothers without autoimmune diseases. Antineutrophil antibodies were detected by granulocyte indirect immunofluorescence test using flow cytometry. To quantify the strength of the antibodies, the ratio of the mean fluorescence channel of each sample to that of control serum was expressed as relative fluorescence intensity according to the method reported previously (Blood99: 3468, 2002). The median age at diagnosis in NAIN patients was 8 days after birth ranged from 0 to 30 days. The average of ANC at the presentation was 170/μl ranged from 0 to 500/μl. All antineutrophil antibodies detected in sera of both neonates and their mothers were against HNA-1 antigens. The alloantibody against HNA-1a was found in 2 cases, that against HNA-1b was in 6 cases, and that against FcγR IIIb was found in 3 cases. The fact that the frequencies of homozygote of HNA-1a and HNA-1b in Japanese population were approximately 50% and 12%, respectively may reflect the frequency of alloantibody specificity in NAIN. During the neutropenic period, 7 cases with NAIN showed mild to moderate infections associated with neutropenia, such as pyrexia and pyodermia. In contrast, 4 of 11 cases with NAIN did not have any infectious episodes in their clinical course. In all patients, the spontaneous recovery of neutropenia with the disappearance of alloantibody was observed within 6 months (median 85 days ranged from 3 weeks to 6 months). The duration until spontaneous resolution of neutropenia was dependent on the strength of alloantibody found in sera of the mothers and neonates. Two patients with significantly high strength of alloantibodies had the relatively long duration to restore the neutropenia(4 months and 6 months). In conclusion, the specificity of antineutrophil antibodies in patients with alloimmune neutropenia is dependent on the frequencies of neutrophil antigens in Japanese population. The quantification of alloantibodies in neonates and their mothers may be useful in considering the clinical course of neutropenia in neonates.

MIn(WO4)2 (M = Li, Na, and K) with InO6 and WO6 octahedra were synthesized via a conventional solid-state reaction method. The photophysical and photocatalytic properties were studied. Compared with WO3, which is unable to evolve H2 from an aqueous CH3OH solution under illumination, the three materials can evolve H2 and O2 from aqueous solutions with CH3OH and AgNO3 sacrificial reagents, respectively. The activity order of photocatalytic H2 evolution is NaIn(WO4)2 > LiIn(WO4)2 > KIn(WO4)2 under irradiation (λ > 200 nm). Under irradiation (λ > 300 nm), however, LiIn(WO4)2 has a high activity for photocatalytic H2 evolution over NaIn(WO4)2. It is also noteworthy that LiIn(WO4)2 and NaIn(WO4)2 exhibit the ability to split pure water. The results suggest that the bottoms of the conduction bands in these photocatalysts are raised to meet the potential requirements of photocatalytic H2 evolution.

Background: Incompatibilities between the mother and unborn baby can cause complications that must be identified early to initiate the appropriate treatment. For example, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT), neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (NAIN), and morbus hemolyticus neonatorum affect children worldwide. Aim: This literature review aims to depict the similarities and differences between these three disorders from a clinical and mechanistic point of view. Material and Methods: The current literature review entailed conducting a systematic search to locate articles on the three conditions. Different electronic databases, including PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL, were searched using the search terms “neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia”, “neonatal alloimmune neutropenia”, “morbus hemolyticus neonatorum”, “NAIT”, “FNAIT”, “fetal”, “NAIN”, and “hemolytic disease of the newborn”. Results: This review shows that these three diseases are caused by incompatibilities between the maternal and fetal immune systems. Furthermore, these conditions can lead to severe complications that hinder fetal development and cause death if not well managed. Discussion: The current literature review shows that NAIT, NAIN, and morbus hemolyticus neonatorum are rare conditions that occur when the mother produces antibodies against the fetal immune system. Thus, there is a need for the early detection of these conditions to initiate appropriate treatment before the child experiences adverse effects. Conclusion: The development of NAIT, NAIN, and morbus hemolyticus neonatorum is linked to the production of antibodies against the fetal immune system and fetal antigens. Further studies are required to determine potential interventions to reduce the risk of developing these three conditions.

Large variations in metamorphic grade over short distances, disparate orientations and diverse kinematics of contemporaneous structures, and a previously unexplained, 90° counterclockwise bend in the orogenic boundary of the amphibolite- to granulite-facies northern segment of the Paleoproterozoic Torngat Orogen are shown to be the result of multiple tectonic events acting upon an orogenic boundary perturbation. The perturbation was initiated when a promontory on the Nain Province margin, composed of a 1910–1885 Ma continental magmatic arc (Burwell domain), indented the Rae Province hinterland during the onset of collisional orogeny at ca. 1870 Ma (Dn+1). Sinistral transpression at ca. 1845–1822 Ma (Dn+2) caused formation of the orogen-parallel Abloviak shear zone and oblique burial of the Nain Province margin beneath a tilted section of the hot, buoyant magmatic arc. Reactivation of the orogen at ca. 1798–1770 Ma (Dn+3) involved crustal-scale flexural slip folding of the perturbation and simultaneous exhumation of the Burwell domain and the previously buried Nain crust across the Komaktorvik shear zone, which represents a sheared, tightened fold train localized along the western limit of thinned Nain crust affected by preorogenic rifting, but which does not represent a fundamental plate boundary. The along-strike heterogeneities in the Torngat Orogen document the influence of geometrical and competency heterogeneities in the colliding margins on subsequent deformation and the fact that heterogeneities in the deep crust persist through high-grade metamorphism.

A hornblende 40Ar/39Ar age of 1328 ± 8 Ma has been obtained from the contact aureole of the Bird Lake Massif, confirming it as one of the oldest members of the Nain plutonic suite. This age constrains the timing of the early stage magma activity of the Nain plutonic suite.Plagioclase samples from the intrusions yield either U-shaped, or staircase-shaped 40Ar/39Ar age spectra, and most of them have two isochrons of similar age but greatly different initial argon composition. Most plagioclase closure ages are >95% of either the hornblende age from a contact aureole or coexisting biotite ages, and appear to reflect single cooling events for each intrusion. Two major stages of emplacement for the Nain anorthosites are identified: an older anorthosite event and a main anorthosite event, in agreement with results from earlier field studies. The Port Manvers Run, Paul Island, and Nukasorsuktokh Island intrusions yield much younger plagioclase ages than any previously established intrusion ages, probably reflecting previously unknown later, local heating events.The total duration of the major anorthositic magma activity in the Nain region is about 23 Ma, estimated from the Bird Lake massif margin at 1328 ± 8 Ma and the Kiglapait intrusion at 1305 ± 2 Ma (Sm/Nd, U/Pb), implying an emplacement rate of about 0.0022 km3/year. This rate is far less than the effusion rate of magma on some of the Phanerozoic rifted margins and supports the "aborted rifting" model for the generation of massif anorthosite.

A 19.3 mGal (1 Gal = 1 cm/s2) positive Bouguer gravity anomaly and a broad aeromagnetic low coincide with the Tasiuyak domain of the early paleo-Proterozoic Torngat orogen. The domain evolved during the collision of the western margin of the Archean Nain Province with an inferred, eastward-facing, platform-to-rise, sedimentary wedge sited on a proto-continent of Churchill (Rae) Province.A density contrast of +0.065 g∙cm−3 was measured between rocks of the Tasiuyak domain and those of the flanking Lac Lomier complex of the orogen and Nain Province. Using this contrast, a two and one-half dimensional model shows that rocks of Tasiuyak domain constitute a triangular prismatic body with maximum thickness of 13 km adjacent to Nain Province, which thins westward to a feather edge. The model is compatible, qualitatively, with the aeromagnetic anomaly and consonant with geological interpretation of an eastward-facing and thickening continental slope deposit. Deep exhumation of the Torngat orogen may account for the absence of paired gravity anomalies characteristic of many sutures elsewhere in the Canadian Shield.

A detailed seismic refraction profile was shot along the continental shelf off Labrador, across the boundary between the Archean Nain Province to the north and the Proterozoic Makkovik orogenic zone to the south. A large air-gun source was used, with five ocean-bottom seismometers as receivers. The data were analysed by forward modelling of traveltimes and amplitudes and provided a well-determined seismic velocity structure of the crust along the profile. Within the Nain province, thin postrift sediments are underlain by crust with a P-wave velocity of 6.1 km/s, which increases with depth and reaches 6.6 km/s at about 8 km. Moho is at around 28 km, and there is no evidence for a high-velocity (>7 km/s) lower crust. The P- and S-wave velocity structure is consistent with a gneissic composition for the Archean upper crust, and with granulites becoming gradually more mafic with depth for the intermediate and lower crust. In the Makkovik zone, the sediments are thicker, and a basement layer of P-wave velocity 5.5–5.7 km/s is present, probably due to reworking of the crust and the presence of Early Proterozoic volcanics and metasediments. Upper crustal velocities are lower than in the Nain Province. The crustal thickness, at 23 km, is less, possibly due in part to greater crustal stretching during the Mesozoic rifting of the Labrador Sea. The crustal structure across the Nain–Makkovik boundary is similar to that across the corresponding Archean–Ketilidian boundary off southwest Greenland.

Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus are a commercially and culturally valued species for northern Indigenous peoples. Climate shifts could have important implications for charr and those that rely on them, but studies that evaluate responses to ecosystem change and the spatial scales at which they occur are rare. We compare marine-phase habitat use, long-term diet patterns, and trends in effective population size of Arctic charr from 2 areas (Nain and Saglek) of Nunatsiavut, Labrador, Canada. Tagged charr in both areas frequently occupied estuaries but some also used other habitats that extended to the headland environments outside of their natal fjords. Despite the relatively small distances separating these study areas (<200 km), we observed differences in habitat use and diet. Northern stocks (including Saglek) were more reliant on invertebrates than southern stocks (e.g. Nain), for which capelin and sand lance were important prey. The use of coastal headlands also varied, with Saglek charr occupying these environments more frequently than those from Nain, which only used these habitats in 1 year of the study. Long-term commercial catches also indicate that the tendency for Nain charr to stay within fjords varies annually and relates to capelin availability. Despite the demonstrated capacity to alter diet and habitat use to changing environmental conditions, notable declines in effective population size were associated with the regime shift of the 1990s in the northwest Atlantic. Collectively, these results demonstrate that behavioral plasticity of Arctic charr may be insufficient to deal with the large environmental perturbations expected to arise from a changing climate.

Estimation of settling velocities of large orthopyroxene megacrysts, found within anorthosite intrusions, are calculated and compared with ascent rates achieved by diapirism and conduit propagation. Calculations suggest that diapirism is far too slow to be an appropriate ascent mechanism for anorthositic crystal mush and favour conduit emplacement. The intrusions of the Nain Plutonic Suite (NPS) are located along the Abloviak shear zone, which marks the boundary between the Nain and Churchill provinces, and within the zone of juxtaposition of the Saglek and Hopedale blocks of the Nain Province. These crustal weaknesses have probably controlled the emplacement and distribution of the intrusions. Contact relations between intrusions of anorthosite and their gneissic host rock provide evidence for two emplacement styles within the NPS, the first typified by strongly deformed and recrystallized rocks, and the second by an outer border zone of mafic rocks. It is proposed that these differences in intrusive style are due to differences in ductility contrast between the magma and its surrounding host rocks, such that those intrusions emplaced into the thermally softened shear zone have deformed margins, whereas those intruded into the cooler Archaean crust have undeformed margins.

Two sets of Proterozoic (between 1290 and 1042 Ma) alkali to transitional basaltic dikes occur sparsely in an area of at least 5000 km2 within the Nain anorthosite complex. Both are compositionally similar in terms of major elements, but the set that trends roughly north–south (HP dikes) contains much higher concentrations of incompatible elements than the more abundant dikes that trend roughly east-northeast–west-southwest (LP dikes). Both types have low normative clinopyroxene relative to olivine—a characteristic shared with widespread troctolitic rocks in the Nain complex. Low Mg numbers and low Ni contents suggest that the magmas producing these dikes have undergone extensive fractional crystallization. The low normative Di content of these dikes suggests that this fractional crystallization occurred at depths equivalent to at least 10 kbar (1000 MPa).High equilibration temperatures for coexisting Fe–Ti oxides in the matrices of these dikes indicate that the dikes cooled rapidly and were emplaced near the surface. The exposed level of the Nain anorthosite complex (emplaced at depths of 8–10 km) indicates that the anorthosites were uplifted and eroded relatively soon after their emplacement, i.e., prior to dike emplacement.

Dans le cadre de notre projet de recherche sur la vulnérabilité et la résilience du tourisme dans l’Arctique, nous avons évalué les interactions entre le changement climatique et le tourisme dans les communautés de l’Arctique canadien. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à la capacité d’adaptation en présentant les résultats d’entrevues menées à Nain au Nunatsiavut, dans la province de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador. Alors que de nombreux résidents ont manifesté leur enthousiasme à propos de la nouvelle désignation de leur communauté en tant que point d’entrée du parc national du Canada des Monts-Torngat, il y avait aussi une insatisfaction par rapport à certains aspects du nouveau parc, comme le manque de possibilités d’emplois locaux. Certains se sont montrés optimistes à propos du potentiel encore inexploité que constitue le tourisme (de la croisière aux visites écotouristiques accompagnées de guides locaux), alors que d’autres ont manifesté leur inquiétude. En tenant compte du fait que le développement touristique au Nunatsiavut en est à ses débuts, nous concluons que les stratégies d’adaptation devraient continuer à mettre l’accent sur l’éducation et viser l’information et la mobilisation des résidents dans les initiatives locales et régionales.

Pisum sativum L. (field pea) is a crop of a high nutritional value and seed oil content. The characterization of pea germplasm is important to improve yield and quality. This study aimed at using fatty acid profiling and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to evaluate the variation and relationships of 25 accessions of French pea. It also aimed to conduct a marker-trait associations analysis using the crude oil content as the target trait for this analysis, and to investigate whether 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) could enhance salt tolerance in the pea germplasm. The percentage of crude oil of the 25 pea genotypes varied from 2.6 to 3.5%, with a mean of 3.04%. Major fatty acids in all of the accessions were linoleic acid. Moreover, the 12 AFLP markers used were polymorphic. The cluster analysis based on fatty acids data or AFLP data divided the 25 pea germplasm into two main clusters. The gene diversity of the AFLP markers varied from 0.21 to 0.58, with a mean of 0.41. Polymorphic information content (PIC) of pea germplasm varied from 0.184 to 0.416 with a mean of 0.321, and their expected heterozygosity (He) varied from 0.212 to 0.477 with a mean of 0.362. The AFLP results revealed that the Nain Ordinaire cultivar has the highest level of genetic variability, whereas Elatius 3 has the lowest level. Three AFLP markers (E-AAC/M-CAA, E-AAC/M-CAC, and E-ACA/M-CAG) were significantly associated with the crude oil content trait. The response of the Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 cultivars to high salinity stress was studied. High salinity (150 mM NaCl) slightly reduced the photosynthetic pigments contents in Nain Ordinaire leaves at a non-significant level, however, the pigments contents in the Elatius 3 leaves were significantly reduced by high salinity. Antioxidant enzymes (APX—ascorbate peroxidase; CAT—catalase; and POD—peroxidase) activities were significantly induced in the Nain Ordinaire cultivar, but non-significantly induced in Elatius 3 by high salinity. Priming the salt-stressed Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 plants with ALA significantly enhanced the pigments biosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes activities, and stress-related genes expression, as compared to the plants stressed with salt alone. In conclusion, this study is amongst the first investigations that conducted marker-trait associations in pea, and revealed a sort of correlation between the diversity level and salt tolerance.

Silicon amendments to soil have resulted in a decrease of diseases caused by several soilborne pathogens affecting a wide number of crops. This study evaluated the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that may have increased resistance of banana to Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, after treatment with silicon (Si) amendment. Plants from the Grand Nain (resistant to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense) and “Maçã” (susceptible to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense) were grown in plastic pots amended with Si at 0 or 0.39 g/kg of soil (–Si or +Si, respectively) and inoculated with race 1 of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Relative lesion length (RLL) and asymptomatic fungal colonization in tissue (AFCT) were evaluated at 40 days after inoculation. Root samples were collected at different times after inoculation with F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense to determine the level of lipid peroxidation, expressed as equivalents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids), total soluble phenolics (TSP), and lignin-thioglycolic acid (LTGA) derivatives; the activities of the enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyases glucanases (PALs), peroxidases (POXs), polyphenoloxidases (PPOs), β-1,3-glucanases (GLUs), and chitinases (CHIs); and Si concentration in roots. Root Si concentration was significantly increased by 35.3% for the +Si treatment compared with the –Si treatment. For Grand Nain, the root Si concentration was significantly increased by 12.8% compared with “Maçã.” Plants from Grand Nain and “Maçã” in the +Si treatment showed significant reductions of 40.0 and 57.2%, respectively, for RLL compared with the –Si treatment. For the AFCT, there was a significant reduction of 18.5% in the +Si treatment compared with the –Si treatment. The concentration of MDA significantly decreased for plants from Grand Nain and “Maçã” supplied with Si compared with the –Si treatment while the concentrations of H2O2 on roots and pigments on leaves significantly increased. The concentrations of TSP and LTGA derivatives as well as the PALs, PPOs, POXs, GLUs, and CHIs activities significantly increased on roots of plants from Grand Nain and “Maçã” from the +Si treatment compared with the –Si treatment. Results of this study suggest that the symptoms of Fusarium wilt on roots of banana plants supplied with Si decreased due to an increase in the concentrations of H2O2, TSP, and LTGA derivatives and greater activities of PALs, PPOs, POXs, GLUs, and CHIs.

The variation in chilling sensitivity of mature-green specialty bananas (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) and plantains (Musa paradisiaca var. paradisiaca) was examined using four cultivars of bananas and one plantain cultivar stored under various time and temperature combinations. Cold storage for 1 day at 5.0, 7.2, or 10.0 °C (41, 45, or 50 °F) resulted in acceptable fruit quality for up to 8 days at 20.0 °C (68 °F) for `Petite' and `Red Macabu' bananas and `Dominico Harton' plantains. `Grand Nain' and `Yangambi' bananas were considered unmarketable due to moderate to severe graying after 8 days at 20.0 °C when fruit were previously stored for 1 day at 5.0 or 7.2 °C. Storage for 3 days at 10.0 °C was acceptable for all cultivars tested, however 5 days at 10.0 °C resulted in moderate to severe browning and graying of the `Grand Nain' fruit. The traditional Cavendish-type, `Grand Nain', as well as `Petite' and `Yangambi', required temperatures greater than 10.0 °C for a 7-day storage duration while `Red Macabu' bananas could be safely stored for 7 days at 10.0 °C. Plantains could be stored at 7.2 °C for 7 days without visible chilling injury symptoms. The storage of specialty bananas and plantains at or above their minimum safe temperatures resulted in improved uniformity of ripening and overall quality of the fruit due to a decrease in chilling injury symptoms.

As part of the Eastern Canadian Shield Onshore–Offshore Transect (ECSOOT), Lithoprobe acquired 1250 km of deep seismic reflection data along the coast of Labrador and across Ungava Bay, to image evidence of Proterozoic crustal accretion to the Archean nuclei of the Nain and Superior provinces of the Canadian Shield. The relatively pristine Archean crust of the Nain Province has low reflectivity and generally lacks systematic reflector orientations. Reworking of Archean crust on the margins of the Makkovik Province has little effect on this weak signature. In contrast, the Archean crust in the Eastern Churchill (Rae) Province appears to have been overprinted by a strongly developed, whole-crustal, easterly dipping reflection fabric, interpreted to result from Proterozoic collision of the Nain and Superior provinces in the paired New Quebec and Torngat orogens. Juvenile Proterozoic crust in the Makkovik and Grenville provinces also shows strong whole-crustal dipping reflection fabrics, interpretable as outwardly verging structures associated with collisional mobile belts. Crustal thickness varies from 35 to 45 km in Proterozoic provinces, except where thinner in areas probably affected by Mesozoic extension associated with rifting of the Labrador Sea. Dipping reflectors in the mantle are commonly associated with strong lower-crustal dipping reflections in a manner similar to that observed in some modern orogens. The ECSOOT data show that Proterozoic crust in this area has structural forms comparable with those of modern orogens and, inferentially, its tectonic development was controlled by very similar collisional processes.

AbstractThe CD11b/CD18 integrin plays a crucial role in cell-cell adhesion processes. Recently, we described a case of severe neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (NAIN) caused by an alloantibody against a variant of the CD11b subunit (Mart alloantigen). Allele-specific transfected cells allowed us to demonstrate that an H61R point mutation is directly responsible for the formation of Mart epitopes. No difference in the adhesion capability between H61 and R61 homozygous neutrophils was observed. Functional analysis showed that anti-Mart inhibited Mac-1–dependent adhesion of neutrophils and monocytic U937 cells to fibrinogen, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE), and glycoprotein Ibα but not to junctional adhesion molecule-C or urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Accordingly, anti-Mart blocked neutrophil and U937 cell adhesion to endothelial cells and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation in whole blood under high shear. Other sera of anti-Mart from mothers of infants without NAIN did not show inhibitory properties. We conclude that anti-Mart antibodies with different functional properties exist. This is supported by our findings that anti-Mart antibodies have different abilities to inhibit cell-cell adhesion, to enhance the respiratory burst of neutrophils, and to recognize different epitopes at the N-terminal region of CD11b. In conclusion, some anti-Mart alloantibodies interfere with Mac-1–dependent cellular functions of neutrophils, cause NAIN, and may be used as tools for studying Mac-1–dependent functions.

Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Taman Nasional Bunaken yakni Pantai Pulau Nain dan Tanjung Arakan pada bulan Februari 2012. Penelitian dimulai dengan menyusuri pantai pada pagi hingga siang hari saat air sedang surut dengan menggunakan alat snorkeling. Penelitian ini berhasil menemukan 15 jenis siput dari 9 famili dan 5 jenis alga makro dari 3 famili. Komunitas siput gastropoda di kedua stasiun penelitian memiliki nilai indeks kesamaan sebesar 63%. Sedangkan komunitas alga makro memiliki nilai indeks kesamaan sebesar 75%. Hal tersebut menyatakan bahwa siput gastropoda dan alga makro di kedua stasiun penelitian relatif memiliki kesamaan dalam komposisi jenis. Untuk siput jenis Strombus labiatus, Strombus sp 1, Strombus urceus, Pyrene scripta, Cerithium rostratum, Cymatium vespacium, Phasianella solida, Vexillum vulpecullum, Gyrineum bituberculare dan Clanculus atropurpureus lebih cenderung memilih alga makro jenis Halimeda opuntia sebagai habitatnya. Relung ekologi Pyrene scripta di Tanjung Arakan dan Pulau Nain memiliki nilai yang tertinggi (maksimum). Hal ini menandakan bahwa siput Pyrene scripta merupakan siput yang generalis karena tersebar pada hampir seluruh jenis alga makro. Kata kunci: Taman Nasional Bunaken, gastropoda, alga makro, kesamaan komunitas, relung ekologi. Samples were collected from Nain Island and Arakan Cape in Bunaken National Park area, in February 2012. The collection was conducted by snorkeling along the coastline in the morning, when the tide was low. This study found 15 species of slugs from nine families and 5 species of macro algae from three families. Communities of gastropod snails in both research stations have similarity index value of 63%, while the macro algae communities have similarity index value of 75%. This indicated that the gastropod snails and macro algae from both study sites were relatively similar concerning their species composition. Some slugs such as Strombus labiatus, Strombus sp 1, Strombus urceus, Pyrene scripta, Cerithium rostratum, Cymatium vespacium, Phasianella solida, Vexillum vulpecullum, Gyrineum bituberculare and Clanculus atropurpureus were more likely to choose the Halimeda Opuntia macro algae as their habitat. Ecological niche of Pyrene scripta on the Arakan Cape and Nain Island showed the highest value (maximum). This indicated that Pyrene scripta are generalized species that lived on nearly all types of macro algae.Keywords: Bunaken National Park, gastropoda, macro algae, similarity community, ecological niche.

Data from a refraction seismic profile parallel to the coast of Labrador (Canada) were used to determine the crustal structure across the boundary of the Nain and Makkovik provinces, and to look for evidence for an offshore continuation of the Mesoproterozoic Nain Plutonic Suite (NPS). Seven seismometers recorded airgun shots along the 283 km long line. P- and S-wave velocity models were developed from forward and inverse modeling of travel times. The velocity model distinguishes three distinct zones. In the Saglek block of the Nain Province, the crust is divided into three layers with P-wave velocities between 5.8 and 6.9 km/s. Farther to the south, upper crustal velocities increase to 6.3–6.5 km/s and the Poisson’s ratio increases from 0.24 to 0.27. This zone correlates with a gravity low that is interpreted to outline the offshore continuation of the NPS. The upper crustal velocities are intermediate between anorthositic and granitoid rock samples collected from the NPS. A lower crustal reflector is limited to the area underneath the NPS and may be related to dioritic magmas. Mid-crustal and lower crustal velocities do not vary along the line and no underplating was detected. Within the Makkovik Province, upper crustal velocities of 5.9–6.2 km/s may indicate a dioritic composition similar to the Island Harbour Bay plutonic suite. Moho depth varies between 28 and 36 km with the maximum beneath the NPS. The variations could not be linked to effects of the Makkovikian orogeny but are thought to relate to Mesozoic rifting in Labrador Sea.

Abstract We report the case of a healthy woman (K.M.) who, after multiple pregnancies, developed an antibody directed against a nonpolymorphic region of the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) Fc gamma receptor III (FcRIII-CD16), which caused transient neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (NAIN). The antigenic target of the antibody was determined by an immunoprecipitation procedure and by phenotyping the mother's PMN. These latter did not react with monoclonal CD16 or polyclonal and monoclonal NA1 and NA2 antibodies, demonstrating the absence of PMN- FcRIII and, consequently, the NA-null phenotype. We also determined the frequency of the NA-null phenotype in a healthy, white population. Among 3,377 random blood donors, only four (in addition to K.M.) were PMN-FcRIII-deficient. These five individuals were healthy and only one (K.M.) presented an allo-CD16 antibody. The gene frequency of the NA- null phenotype was calculated as 0.0274 +/- 0.0059. We conclude that PMN-FcRIII deficiency is a rare phenomenon that can lead to CD16 alloimmunization and thus cause NAIN.

We report the case of a healthy woman (K.M.) who, after multiple pregnancies, developed an antibody directed against a nonpolymorphic region of the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) Fc gamma receptor III (FcRIII-CD16), which caused transient neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (NAIN). The antigenic target of the antibody was determined by an immunoprecipitation procedure and by phenotyping the mother's PMN. These latter did not react with monoclonal CD16 or polyclonal and monoclonal NA1 and NA2 antibodies, demonstrating the absence of PMN- FcRIII and, consequently, the NA-null phenotype. We also determined the frequency of the NA-null phenotype in a healthy, white population. Among 3,377 random blood donors, only four (in addition to K.M.) were PMN-FcRIII-deficient. These five individuals were healthy and only one (K.M.) presented an allo-CD16 antibody. The gene frequency of the NA- null phenotype was calculated as 0.0274 +/- 0.0059. We conclude that PMN-FcRIII deficiency is a rare phenomenon that can lead to CD16 alloimmunization and thus cause NAIN.

The marginal mafic granulites that locally border the Nain Plutonic Suite (NPS) have a range of initial Nd-isotope ratios that overlap with that of the NPS anorthosites and associated Nain dykes. The similarity in Nd-isotope data suggests that gneissic Archaean country rocks have contaminated all the anorthosites, marginal mafic granulites, and dykes. Sr-isotope data for the mafic granulites and dykes support a country rock contamination scenario but preclude wholesale assimilation of rocks such as the host Archaean tonalite gneisses as the sole contaminant. Initial epsilonSr values of +10 to +403 and +0.9 to +242 for the mafic granulites and dykes, respectively, are significantly higher than values for NPS country rocks examined thus far. The elevated initial εSr values are therefore interpreted to result from the introduction of radiogenic Sr into the granulites and dykes via Sr-rich fluids, generated by the breakdown of Rb-rich mineral phases such as biotite in the country rocks during NPS.