Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Le Siècle des Lumières'
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Balsan, Bernard. "Seigneuries dromoises au siècle des lumières." Lyon 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO33018.
Full textThe seigneurial system in the drome at the centuty of the lights in based upon the modernisation of the seigneurality by the nobility class. This group practise the feodal reaction. The peasants are opposed at their lords. They goes in justice for the protection of their rights. This struggle is one of the reasons of the french revolution
Anki-Weisel, Ghania. "L'avis privé au siècle des lumières." Nancy 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN21015.
Full textThe " avis privé " during the Age of Enlightenment. The endeavor of this research is to define the characteristics of a genus called " avis privés " within the pedagogical and moral literature. It was a traditional feature of aristocratic education to write down the moral code for a family member, concerning the behaviour in high circles. In principle it was only composed for the family, but nevertheless printed. The bibliographic repertoire of the " avis privés " reveals a long history about six centuries. From 1493 until 1996, there are numerous titles and authors. This thesis deals with a period of time from 1699 until 1794, the age of Fénelon up to Condorcet. The genesis of the " avis privés " shows that there was a strong influence from the " Prince Mirrors " and the " courtly guides ", which were inspired by ancient literature. Throughout history, the " avis privés " reflects all important social discussions within the society, including religion, feminism and politics. The " avis privés " is a moral chronicle of this period containing the ideas of honesty and social behaviour. Another effect of the " avis privé " is the emergence of a problem dealing with the justification of writing. Why write and for whom ? In the beginning the reason was simply education and amusement, but soon, through the genus of " avis privé ", it became a mean to express one's own thoughts, to obtain a kind of liberation. The " avis privé " opened a way to write discreetly about oneself, so that this genus is parent to the autobiographical literature
Loubère, Stéphanie. "Les Arts d'aimer au siècle des Lumières." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040223.
Full textJamain, Claude. "L'imaginaire de la musique au siècle des Lumières." Tours, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOUR2013.
Full textThe imagination that the eighteenth century derived from its own music was shaped by textual presuppositions together with elements belonging to musical performance. The study of which will be chronological - from the classical era to the early nineteenth century- as well as thematic - with three main points: royal harmony, the encyclopaedists and seeking energy
Neiertz, Patrick. "Lumières Obliques (Ironie et dialogues au XVIIIe siècle)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040214.
Full textThe rhetorics of Irony in Enlightenment’s written dialogues are no mere by-products of the then prevalent social mode of conversational interplay. Their careful perusal indicates that Irony and Humour were instrumental in the vast reshuffling of moral values, religious and political obedience, aesthetic codes, social behaviours that are a legacy of the period. This dissertation focuses on the four main literary areas where dialogical Irony plays an active role in textual topics: parody, comedy, philosophical dialogue and libertine novels. The hypothesis here offered is that ironic subversion is mostly aimed at mental and behavioural compliances made consensual during the Classical period, i.e.: politeness and “honesty” as paramount signs of social fitness; exaltation of the dramatic sublime as benchmark for excellence in Tragedy; allegory and propriety in the written rendition of love-making; linkage of social hardships to individual violation of Christian rules and not to collective/institutional failures; etc
Nejjar, Abdelhak. "Langue et langages des Lumières." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010607.
Full textThe object of this thesis is the meeting among the formations of knewtedge in the enlightenment. Its main goal is an invitation to rethink the casting of roles in the philosophy of the enlightenment in France. We can discover in this casting not so much a relation on the subject as a linguistic and historial theory, a chronicle of the relationships among the knewledge
Doussot, Joëlle-Elmyre. "Musique et société à Dijon au siècle des Lumières." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA1025.
Full textElsingaby, Sara. "Métamorphose du genre utopique durant le siècle des Lumières." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010734.
Full textHélène, Stéphane. "Un être mi-bête, mi-homme : l'anthropologie des Lumières." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20044.
Full textFrom the standpoint of slaves, or wrecks, or scoundrels, or down-and-out, or exploited people and ragamuffin, the enlighted eighteenth-century also contains the thousand and one miseries of negro anthropology. In this way, an history of philosophy, through greek and roman antiquity, middle ages and renaissance down to the modern period, will mainly show us that the african continent always was supposed to be crowed with marvels and monstrosities, mean barbarians and cruel pagans. Modern slavery was justified both by aristotle's and augustine's inheritance, but we can say that rousseau, voltaire, montesquieu or condorcet, as well as naturalists like buffon, linne or lamarck had confined blackmen in an anthropology for bondage. Human being, animal, or a creature sailing between mankind and beast? there was a doubt about this point, and no conclusive grounds for its disproof. French "code noir" lawfully put it out of law; according with reason, they bestialize it, beacause they were confident in his perfectibility
Garcia, Marie-Hélène. "La culture des ingénieurs militaires en Espagne au Siècle des Lumières (XVIIIème siècle-début du XIXème siècle)." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30054.
Full textThis thesis, which comes within the research focusing on the Spanish elites of the 18th century, attempts to show the part played by the military engineers in the scientific and cultural revival of the century. After introducing the historical framework in which these men lived, as a new dynasty came to power in Spain, the text highlights the way this army corps was governed while setting forth its social profile. This study endeavours to emphasise the culture of these men in relation with the scientific and intellectual evolution of their country, as well as their academic education as the first step in their cultural background. Then, it is from a precise analysis of the book collections to be found in property surveys that we can derive what kind of books theses men read. The importance of books- analysed from a formal point of view as well as in their content - allows to perceive how this army corps was different from other enlightened elites and what extent the European Enlightenment was to have an influence upon it. The analysis of the languages in which the books found in collections were edited, but also the books published by the military engineers themselves, help to complete the study of their culture and to show their role not only in the military but also in the cultural field - to the advantage of Spain. Finally, the culture of everyday life (clothing, professional objects, pictures) permits to place these men in the society of their time in a more accurate way
Jaouik, Moulay-Badreddine. "L'Islam et les Lumières françaises, 1624-1789." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL037.
Full textThis thesis of 994 pages aims at analysing the place of knowledge about Islam and Muhammed in the whole French works in the 17th and 18th century literary world ? It endeavours to show exactly the pray a real "golden age of information about Islam" will emerge in the late 17th century. This was a genuine moment of the Enlightenment, a period when the authors will henceforth favour the Muslim sources to write about Islam. Thus by becoming a subject of knowledge, Islam and Muhammad inspire political, philosophical and religious thoughts and the history and the present of Muslims with a feeling of deep respect. The texts relating to Muhammed, the Kuran, theology and the numerous critical assays are hence published on a new model which breaks with the hostile and controversial tradition related to the approach of Islam and its promoter and reduced by apologetics to their religious dimension, a tradition which will not be abandoned but which will take a renewed form all through the18th century to lead to a radically condemnation of the Muslin world and authors who were supposed to be panegyrist relatively unscrupulous of science. Studying this controversial tradition through its view, its transformation, detecting the moment from whish the premises of a real change in the view of Islam start to emerge showing who the precursors and their continuators are, the methods of research what they use and when exactly "this golden age" tend to fall, explaining the reasons, those are the issues in the study focused on a corpus of almost 250 various books, and which is meant to be a contibution to the history of ideas
Miech, Stéphanie. "L'éducation des filles chez les romancières au siècle des Lumières." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN21009.
Full textThe ardent reflections of the Age of Enlightenment writers leads them to an awareness of the decline in the moral standards of their contemporary society and thence to an inquiring look at the educational system. They are particularly concerned with the education of girls, the future mothers who would be bringing up and educating the men of the new generation. On the fringe of the debate, women authors are also grappling with a problem they are especially concerned about and they realize that the novel is a tremendously effective means of expressing their criticisms, theories and ideals dashed hopes, unfulfilled dreams and grievances towards men and society whose treatment of women is so unfair. Their reflections on education, on the role and place of women in society, are vigorously supported by such philosophers and theorists as Saint François de Sales, Fénelon, Mme de Maintenon, Mme de Lambert and, later on, by Rousseau and other philosophers who find food for thought during the enriching discussions that take place in the salons the Age of Enlightenment women writers so competently hold. The heroines of their tales, short stories and novels are nurtured on the principles of the classical ideal but, little by little, to these embodiments of Christian virtues tinged with stoicism, they introduce weakness that make them more human. Throughout the century and beyond many will be renowned for their herosim and determination : they are active and energetic, fight successfully against adversity and courageously take their lives in hand. Towards the end of the century, women authors are pondering over the ethics of duty and demand a more humane moral doctrine in society. Marriage is a choice theme that enables them to expose their vision of love and serves as a framework for their criticisms of a society in which young girls are considered as objects and women as second-rate citizens without rights or belongings in adversity. However, the novelists' feminism remains ambiguous and timid. The authors are subjected to the rules of etiquette and public opinion that is imbued with Christian morality and will later be disappointed by the Revolution and its promises to their sex ; they dream of more social equality, calm relationships between man and wife and of respect for themselves. Their feminism, their defence against male misconduct, rely on feminine solidarity which is the distinctive hallmark of the fictional literature of the Age of Enlightenment
Roux, Christine. "Une famille d'épistoliers des Lumières : Les Roux de Laric." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040069.
Full textThe correspondance of the family of Laric, consisting of about 3000 letters, written between1710 and 1780, is integrated into the family archives, permitting cross reading and a comparison of different forms of texts. A presentation of the letter-writers remind us of their role as parlemantarians in the King's service, partisans of the Maupeou reform in Navarre, Provence and the Dauphiné. This dynasty of parlementarians then abandonned the goan for the sword, wishing to diversify their successes. Headful of integrating themselves among the elite, the Laric adopted a strategy of social ascension, which allowed them, after three generations, to approch the circles of power. This corrrespondance enables us to grasp how the epistolers lived and understood the age in which they lived. We are offered an image of a changing world, split between the weight of aristocratic heritage and the discovery of new values. The written word was dominant at the time and the provincial nobility, frequenting Paris, diffused authorisez or secret work through the Kingdom. This correspondance must be read respectin epistolarity style and, indeed, creativity. The Laris, accustomed to the culture of the elite classes, were familiar with epistolary formality, and quickly foresook it in order to create new family or social relationships, ans develop a new style of writing. Their exchanges were intended to form a network strategy in the world of entreprise business : the letter served to fulfill an ambition. This study embraces, therefore, the numerous uses of correspondance in the world of Enlightenment, without neglecting litterary innovations
Bacconnier, Brigitte. "Cent ans de librairie au siècle des Lumières : les Duplain." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/garaud-bacconnier_b.
Full textLaffont, Jean-Luc. "Policer la ville. Toulouse, capitale provinciale au siècle des lumières." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20034.
Full textThis study is in keeping with the general pattern of a reflexion about the connections between the private and the public sectors whose roots are to be found in a set of problems of town history which claims its specificity. This analysis takes place during the last century of the old regime (1690-1790) in the city of toulouse, capital of the province of languedoc, whose past is ill-known because it has been little investigated. The general set of problems applied to the study of a special case has found in the concept of the police a global heuristic framework adapted to the objectives of the research as it is proved that the police is at the heart of the evolution of the city of the early modern. This motion, grasped through its various expressions (institutional, administrative, preventive, repressive), allows to make the analysis progress at different levels of the process of a new urban order. The modernity of the city can be understood thanks to the role of the police. The study falls into five main parts. We'll talk about: - the institutions of the city order by analysing the different powers of the police of the capitouls for a long time patrimonial of the city. - the means of public policing by following the evolution of the multiple and varied components of the police management of the city. - the statutory definition of public order and its process in a city which experienced a demographic increase whose importance has been highly under estimated. The last two parts hang together around the process of the city plan of the early modern with a strong prophylatic character in the city of toulouse where death is omnipresent
Dervieux, Françoise. "Le rêve des Lumières : savoir et suggestion." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040038.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate the status of dreams in 18thcentury narrative and discursive fiction, from Le Diable boiteux (1707) to Le Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse (1804). After first presenting critical discourse on dream, both as a phenomenon and as a form, we will proceed to define the poetics of dream (relationship of the embedded dream to its framing story, use of allegory and myth, formal experiments) before showing how the function of dreams varies according to literary genres, renewing to the core a wide range of existing literary forms : (rococo) sylphic dreams, fantastic or unheard of scientific dreams (Le Rêve de d’Alembert), satires and visionary utopias (L. -S. Mercier). Dreams provide a reflection on the limits of libido sciendi, as well as on the power of imagination and its articulation with reason in the quest for knowledge and pleasure, their apparent contradiction finally giving way to complementarity
Hafid-Martin, Nicole. "Voyage et connaissance au tournant des Lumières 1780-1820." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100070.
Full textFrom the angle of the history of ideas, we analyse a series of study trips made between 1780 and 1820 by european scholars-wri ters (Volney, Jan Potocki, Alexander von Humboldt, Mungo park, Chamisso) in various regions of the world, little or no well-known at the time. The first part deals with the characteristics of these expeditions in foreign parts (portraits of travelers, material conditions of the journeys) and their consequences (travelling relations, intellectual and political commitments of the travelers). The second part puts forward a scientific, philosophical and aesthetic evaluation of the works written by the travelers in continuity of the enlightment, while stating their contribution to the blossoming or the emergence of some disciplines (notably history, linguistics and ethnology) as well as their influence on the organization of knowledge between rationalism and romanticism
Baysson, Hubert. "L'idée d'étranger chez les philosophes des Lumières." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO33008.
Full textSirotchouk, Tatiana. "La vie intellectuelle et littéraire en Ukraine au siècle des Lumières." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN21004.
Full textPuškarić, Jelena. "Lumières françaises et culture croate à la fin du XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP016.
Full textIn 1767 Jean-François Marmontel (1723-1799) published a “novel” which he intitled Bélisaire. Much more a socio-philosophical treaty well anchored in its century’s philosophy than an adventure novel, Marmontel’s Bélisaire was an immediate success in his time and inspired many a literary follower in decades to come. Summing up the key ideas of its time, namely freedom of thought in religious matters, civil toleration (the novel’s strongest point, the most criticized by its opponents as well as the most fiercely defended by its author), extension of the royal authority, a most wished for reform of the tax system and, on a larger scale, of various social institutions…, Marmontel’s work quickly gained popularity, which was largely due to his author’s triumph over the Sorbonne theological party. The leitmotiv of Justinian’s old general, whose conduct was synonym of nothing but impeccable righteousness, was not unknown to the European literary pre-Enlightenment production, though back then the traditional plot lacked the novelty elements with which Marmontel endowed his Bélisaire. In this lineage we can place a play intitled « Belisarius or Elpidia » by the Ragusan poet Antun Gledjević. But it was primarily the ideological filament of Marmontel's novel that inspired the Croatian priest Michael Horvath (1733-1810) to publish a Latin version of Marmontel's text (most probably in 1772). A second Latin version of the text (published by a Vienna typographer Aloysius Doll) appeared in 1806
Rathier, Carole. "Les réseaux des Lumières à Bordeaux : étude de correspondances (1768-1788)." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30017.
Full textEnlightenment networks in Bordeaux: study of correspondences (1768-1788) is a thesis in one volume – written back to back - of 686 p, together with a CD-ROM containing the Website “Ecrire au XVIIIe siècle” (“Writing in the XVIIIth century”). This is not a mere annex but rather a relational database created for this research and available to the readers. As a thesis on cultural history offering a Study of correspondences in Bordeaux during the last two decades of the Ancien Régime, it innovates through the use of FileMaker and Arcane software – the latter enabled to edit this thesis – in order to work thoroughly on the documentation corpus constituted. Chapter II of Book I constitutes therefore a key part of this demonstration. This study has enabled to precisely draw relational spaces, to clarify the ways of life and to underline the value of material movements. The thesis is divided in four parts, starting with the presentation of the corpus and tools which enabled to make use of it. Book II presents three letter writers in Bordeaux as observers of their universe and witnesses of their time: Mme Duplessy, Jean-Baptiste de Secondat, François de Paule Latapie. Book III focuses on the Enlightenment sociability with respects to institutions, particularly the Academy and the Museum. The study of academic correspondences enables to link this part to the whole project of the thesis and the two preceding books. Finally, Book IV studies the nobiliary culture and the culture of mobility of these representatives of the provincial elite. Two indexes and a bibliography complement this thesis
Lederman, Jean. "La philosophie des Lumières dans le Biur de Moses Mendelssohn." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0135.
Full textThe philosophy of the Enlightenment in the Biur of Moses Mendelssohn is based upon the hypothesis that through his biblical commentary in hebrew (Biur), Mendelssohn (1729-86) is seeking to enlighten the jew of the ghetto as a man (Mensch) and then to emancipate him as a citizen (Bürger). Using the inductive method, we restored the corpus of the Enlightenment in the Biur, found it's sources and compared it to Mendelssohn's german works written in the same period (1780-83). For Mendelssohn, Enlightenment deals in particular with theory and human rational knowledge which allow a reflection upon the things of life. Most of the themes found in the Biuir - language, optimism, didactism, immortality, ethics, natural religion, criticism and religious freedom - suit that definition. They constitute the chapters of the first section : "MAN". The mid-section, "MAN AND CITIZEN", includes only two chapters and deals with both religion and social integration of the jews. The last section, "THE CITIZEN" has only one chapter and analyses the social integration of the jews
Mocellin, Ronei Clécio. "Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau : chimiste et professeur au Siècle des Lumières." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100187/document.
Full textGuyton de Morveau is mainly known as one of Lavoisier’s collaborators in the reform of the chemical nomenclature. The origin of this partnership is generally described as the result of Guyton's conversion to the new chemical theory of Lavoisier. But an inquiry into his scientific and teaching activities reveals that it seems more reasonable to see the relationship between these two chemists as a convergence of efforts to lead to a satisfactory explanation of the new phenomena observed in laboratory. Guyton enjoyed a wide international recognition. His reputation was based on the breadth and depth of his theoretical thought and on the quality of his experimental work. Close to Macquer, Guyton understood all chemical reactions in terms of dissolution and crystallization processes governed by the law of gravitation. His theoretical framework combining the fire-phlogiston doctrine of Rouelle’s disciples with Boerhaave's views on solvents allowed him to account for most new experimental discoveries. Guyton built up his reputation through his editorial activity and his courses of chemistry. Students came from all over Europe to Dijon to attend his courses. His pedagogical activity constitutes a good example of the importance of the teaching of chemistry in a provincial academy during the second half of the 18th century. During the Revolution, Guyton de Morveau entered in politics and took an active part in the reorganization of the French research and educational system of Republican France
Porset, Charles. "Recherches sur le dix-huitième siècle, les lumières et la franc-maçonnerie." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF20040.
Full textTaking as its point of departure the galilean revolution, this research investigates its effects in the 18th century. The breakdown of the antique and medieval cosmos led to the reorganisation of the relation between god, the world and men. The deism aseexposed by voltaire is the middle-way between orthodoxy and atheism taken by the "lumieres". Likewise, by declaring men to be the sole object and purpose of men, the freemasonry, then establishing itself, acknowledged that secularisation of the sacred which was to animate philosophical debate throughout the century ; in a different field, general grammar, by claming words to be the signs of thought, was creating the conditions for the development of a science of language. By postulating the rationality of the real, the galilean breakthrough led to a revolution in the ways of seeing ; if appearance was no longereessence and god no longer - the foundation of all knowledge -, the experience alone could be at the basis of science. In this way the "lumieres" delimited the space of a new phenomenology, substituting the science of man as man for the science of beeing as a beeing of tradition
Vetter, Anna. "Les citations picturales dans l'écriture baroque du Siècle des lumières d'Alejo Carpentier." Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA1015.
Full textMacé, Laurence. "Voltaire en Italie (1734-1815) : lecture et censure au siècle des Lumières." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040273.
Full textHow does the perception of an author and his work relate to the specific constraints of the foreign cultural background in which they are received? What if the author in question is a “monument” like Voltaire and the background of the reception is now perceived as ideologically hostile to the nature of Voltaire’s project, or at best culturally heterogeneous? This work traces the emergence and reception of Voltaire’s texts in the 18th century Italy. It is demonstrated that, after a reception first limited to the framework of the collapsing Republic of Letters, where Voltaire paradoxically played the game of the cattolici illuminati, the break that took place in the late 1740ies, and ultimately the condemnation of the Works in Rome in 1752, opened a new phase in the reception of Voltaire in Italy. The solution of continuity, more ideological than aesthetic, that we can observe deprived the author of his first supports but also made easier the reception of his works in a public sphere which, as it constituted itself, built Voltaire’s work for its own use. A pluri-disciplinary approach, dealing with the role of censorship as well as the ways of making the work one’s own, presents reception as no longer a passive phenomenon of mere adherence but as a concrete and evolving construction of a work and its author. Through Voltaire’s paradigm, reading and censorship appear as two activities between which the lines still remain blurred in 18th century Italy
Alfonsi, Liliane. "Étienne Bézout (1730-1783) : mathématicien, académicien et professeur au siècle des Lumières." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066371.
Full textDall'Olmo-Pichet, Véronique. "Hannah More : une femme d'ombres et de lumières." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30039.
Full textHannah More (745-1833), was one of the most influential figures of her time and got involved in spheres as varied as literature, politics, slavery abolition, philanthropy or education. More started with a successful playwright career, she was welcomed by the women of the literary circle, called the Bluestockings'. In 1777, she was represented in the guise of the ninth muse by the painter Richard Samuel in his famous painting, exhibited at the Royal Academy and today at the National Portrait Gallery, in London, 'The Nine Living Muses of Great Britain'. In the 1780's, More committed herself to doing a long religious progression which ended with her conversion and transformed the literary woman into an active and fervent Evangelical. From then, More lived for and thanks to her religion. Thus, Hannah More's involvements, educative and political stances were all deeply rooted in her Evangelical creed. The French Revolution, the Terreur, and the Napoleonic wars marked Hannah More's political commitment. In this new role, and though she was inexperienced, More proved, a staunch conservative, an anti-revolutionary and a fierce opponent to the Radicals. Her political involvements, were mainly conveyed through the writings of conservative pamphlets and through a series of Cheap Repository Tracts, a form of popular literature which More excelled in. The debates which stirred British society, like the abolition of the slave trade, the fight against poverty, or, the debate on education allowed, the Evangelist Hannah More, to be understood by her contemporaries as an abolitionist, a philanthropist and a well-known educationalist. However, Hannah More's involvements, which were mainly induced by her friends' demands, with the exception of her commitment to the education of women of the elite, had the one and only goal to propagate her Evangelical message and to achieve her mission which aimed at proposing a moral reform in British society. In adopting a dogmatic attitude, which always lurked in the background, and made her consciously obey her religious and political conceptions, Hannah More could become a figure of her time and put herself in the foreground during around four decades. To reach this goal, Hannah More, the evangelical activist woman, showed her rigid and strict religious consistency. Though, this form of evangelical coherence took More away from reality, it allowed her, contrary to all expectations, to do something worthwhile and to accomplish her work with more or less success
Ventrone, Giuseppe. "Tolérance et pluralité à l'âge des Lumières : Paris et Naples (1720-1785)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0034.
Full textThe enlightenment project of "enlightening" of society through Reason is bound up with the idea of the possibility to act on people's mentality, i. E. Exerting influence over classes, categories or social groups in order to determine a profound and persistent "conversion" of their representation of their own condition and, accordingly, of their behavioural pattern. This research, far from tackling the question of the actual political influence of the Philosophers, is devoted to a detection and description, drawing on the texts, of the presence in their ideas of different paradigms of minor influence like : plurality, utility, consistence, belonging. The research aims at showing the way in wich this paradigms can crystallise themselves in the idea of tolerance. The same phenomenological methodology will be used to test the spread of these paradigms in the neapolitan enlightenment
Ben, Saad Nizar. "Machiavel en France, des Lumières à la Révolution." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040051.
Full textMamy, Sylvie. "Les manuscrits musicaux vénitiens en France au siècle des Lumières : copie et réception." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040072.
Full textBirth, development and decline of music publishing in Venice from the XVth to the XVIIth centuries. Revival attempts c. 1770. Expansion of music transcription in the Venetian theatres and ospedali immigration to France of Italian opera buffa composers whose works and treatises were published in this country. Importation of Venetian music manuscripts to Paris for individual correspondence between A. Conti in Venice and the comtesse de Caylus in Paris: sending of Venetian music manuscripts. Venetian sojourn of J. -J. Rousseau; in Paris he becomes publisher, copyist and champion of Italian and particularly Venetian singing. Confiscations by the French in Venice in 1797 to enrich the Paris Conservatory library
Minary, Daniel. "Le Problème de l'athéisme en Allemagne à la fin du "Siècle des Lumières." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR20001.
Full textAfter the initial emergence within the earlier movement of enlightenment (16701730) it was not until the last 30 years of the 18th century that the atheist question in germany became apparent. There was a number of turbulent events related to atheism with the potentiality being observed in the trends chatacterizing the evolution of the german rationalist spirit of the second half of the 18th century. There still remained the question of wether this atheism would take form. The major part of the analysis is an attempt at a definition of the exact typology of the growth of radical thought leading to atheism: 1) the first level of the rationalist process of religious decline through the neology movement and more particularly the emerlgence of the irreligious spirit as a counter to the christian theological tradition (pezzi, lessing, eberhard, bahrdt, mauvillon, reimarus); 2) the break with all fideistic theology or the irreligious expansion of deism (wekhrlin, frolich, ziegenhagen, schulz, spazier, weikard, hissmann, the illuminati of bavaria zwack, weishaupt and knigge); 3) the annihilation of all theology or the anti-religious radicalisation of rationalism evolving between the acknowledgement of its limits and the resources of materialism (abbt, forster, friedrich ii, knebel, lichtenberg, diez, fichte); 4) the different expressions of atheism (einsiedel, knoblauch, forberg heydenreich)
Massé, Stéphanie. "Les saturnales des Lumières : théâtre érotique clandestin dans la France du XVIIIe siècle." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1742/1/030105060.pdf.
Full textVasak, Anouchka. "Météorologies : discours sur le ciel et le climat, des Lumières au Romantisme." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070105.
Full textRobert, Richard. "Utopie et individu au tournant des lumières, 1770-1810." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN1339.
Full textO'Connor, Thomas. "Théologie et lumières chez Luke Joseph Hooke, 1714-1796." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040191.
Full textLuke Joseph Hooke was part of the Jacobite diaspora which sought refuge in France at end of the 17th century. .
Amann, Flora. "Sourds et muets entre savoir et fiction au tournant des Lumières." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24630.
Full textAt the intersection of the history of linguistic ideas and the history of representations, this thesis studies scholarly and fictional discourses on deafness between the final years of the Ancien Régime and the beginning of the Restoration (1776-1815). This period covers the years where the Abbé de L'Épée and the Abbé Sicard carried out their work. It matches the period of changes in the course of the history of the deaf people in France and how they were considered. The emergence of a specialist discourse on deafness, the setting up of institutions dedicated to the collective education of deaf people and the development of sign language and their literacy, mark the beginning of the integration of deaf people into society. Educators and philosophers are not the only ones to talk about deafness; the deaf people and their education also entrhal novelists and authors of short fiction. The sentimental novel seized the silent character and its sign language, sometimes separating him from deafness. Without doubt, the novelists have been interested much more by muteness than deafness, because the former enabled them to question the social function of speech. In their works, the novelists use contrast to reveal the malfunction of speech caused by the Revolution. The aim of this thesis is twofold. First, we put speech on deafness back in the scholarly context of the times and explain how it helps us understand the linguistic, anthropological and philosophical changes of this period. Secondly, through the history of the representations, we show how knowledge and fiction meet in the process of metaphorization of the idea of deafness of the end of the eighteenth century.
Cottret, Bernard. "Bolingbroke : exil et écriture au siècle des lumières : Angleterre-France (vers 1715-vers 1750)." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100145.
Full textStating the epistemological importance of the theme of exile, this study examines the life and political career of one of the most troublesome characters of the English enlightenment: lord Bolingbroke's forced stays in France, his fluctuating political commitments, his reckless opposition to Walpole, his contributions to the development of modern toryism are examined in turn, while the nature and scope of history, or the mythical appeal of patriotism are given due consideration. The second part of the work deals more precisely with the philosophical essays, a lasting monument of unreadable eighteenth-century prose. . . Even though secondary productions, not to say third-rate considerations, may be the most fruitful for historians as they are the very stuff the average intellectual life of a century is made of. Mylord Bolingbroke had a seminal influence on pope, but his posthumous essays, acclaimed by Voltaire, caused something of an uproar because of their bitter attacks against the establishment
Anthonay, Thibaut d'. "Lumières et ombres chez Jean Lorrain." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040056.
Full textLarue, Renan. "Le végétarisme des Lumières : discours sur l'abstinence de viande en France, au XVIIIè siècle." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0021.
Full textIn Eighteenth century France, new medical and philosophical writings favor vegetarism. First, rejection of luxurious gastronomy and the desire to adopt a diet that can ease digestion processes can explain this phenomenon. Secondly, moral arguments developped from an increasing awareness regarding animals resulted in writers to consoder the act of killing animals for nourishment as unfair. This opinion is mainly based on empiricism, a philosophy that questions the ontological barrier that has traditionally benn set between animals and humanity. Writers rave about the moral value and the nutitional benefits of Pythagoras and west Indian Brahman's diets; vegetarianism is envisioned as a diet of utopian societies. Rousseau and Voltaire have a specific use for this diet. Rousseau considers it matches the true biological and physiological nature of man; Voltaire sees it as a way to oppose the Church
Baudron, Annette. "L'œuvre d'Arnaud Berquin : littérature de jeunesse et esprit des Lumières." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR2023/document.
Full textIn the eighteenth century, a great deal was said about Education by the philosophers of the Enlightenment. They saw in it the way to promote morality and progress. Under of their impulse, some authors tried to answer their new request : how to teach while enjoying oneself. Arnaud Berquin is one of them. He is known as the author of the first periodical for youth : L’Ami des enfants. During his life, this writer met the most important of the philosophers of the Enlightenment from the end of the century. We have studied his whole works, the poetic part, with idylls and romances, the youth part with periodic and children’s books, and finally a periodical for rural people, in the Revolution’s time. The literary gazettes told us that Arnaud Berquin was estimated so he had the capacity to live on his writing. The study of the texts shows us a man who was engaged to promote the Enlightenment ideas to young people through a purpose based on morality, religion, education and politics
Jacob, Marie. "La quadrature du cercle : un problème à la mesure des Lumières 1685-1793." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHESA117.
Full textSince ancient times, the problem of squaring the circle has elicited many erroneous solutions. At the start of the 18th Century, papers proposing erroneous solutions were so abundant that they gave rise to a veritable phenomenon, as acknowledged at the time. In order to stop the torrent of wrong circle-squaring, Jean Etienne Montucla published l'Histoire des recherches sur la quadrature du cercle (1754), a work which launched the "history of sciences" and he detailed the extravagant behaviour of the authors of erroneous circle-squaring. Based on the plentiful and little studied documentary resources of the Académie des Sciences de Paris, this work is aimed at studying this phenomenon from a human and social point of view. The mathematical aspect of the matter is not ignored, however, as it appears both in the proposed typology of incorrect circle-squaring and the study of scholars' papers published during the period studied [1685-1793]. Finally this analysis of the phenomenon allows a more complete understanding of the decision taken in 1775 by the Académie Royale des Sciences to henceforth refuse to examine, anything related to circle squaring, among other subjects
Coulomb, Clarisse. "Les pères de la Patrie : la société parlementaire en Dauphiné au temps des Lumières." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0116.
Full textElachmit, Jamal. "Littérature d'enfance et de jeunesse et philosophie des Lumières : Arnaud Berquin, 1747-1791." Bordeaux 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR30032.
Full textIn the beginning of the eighteenth century in France, the child and the adult had both the same literature (fairy tale, fable. . . ). The childhood wasn't thought as a specific age which had particular needs. In the second half of the century, the childhood became, in the middle-class and in a part of the aristocracy, a particular stage needing a specific literature. The adolescence, compressed for a long time, moved equally and was admitted as a different stage from the child and from adult. A category of authors set up in order to write for this new public. Arnaud Berquin (1747-1791) was one of them. He created the press for the children and the adolescents by publishing “L'Ami des enfants” (The children’s friend) and “L'Ami de l'adolescence” (The adolescence's friend) from 1782-1784. We tried to determine their literary sources and finally to analyze their literary styles. By another way, we have studied the theme and the idea of the family in the two periodicals. Through these different fields of investigation, our care has been to analyze how Berquin has adapted the philosophical ideas of enlightenment to children, to adolescents and to parents
Fouilleron, Thomas. "Culture, sociabilité et politique des princes de Monaco, des Lumières à 1848." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30045.
Full textFrom the end of the XVIIIth century to the middle of the XIXth century, from Honoré III (1720-1795) to Florestan Ist (1785-1856), taking in Honoré IV (1758-1819) and Honoré V (1778-1841), the cultural and political lives of the princes of Monaco contained some enduring features, certain brilliant aspects of the Enlightenment that were to last. The royal family of Monaco, elevated for a short while as foreign princes to the court in 1688, while hardly acknowledged at the end XVIIIth century, were not perhaps some of the first to advocate the new spirit, although there was no doubt they helped to introduce the new ideas circulating during that period to the upper echelons of the aristocracy. With their newly acquired French cultural background and with a keenness to make up for their lack of reputation as new men (novi homines) by dedicating themselves to the symbols of refinement and to the sociability of their rank, the Grimaldis were distinguished for the fact that they had a twofold status and three residences: they were members of the aristocracy in France, in Paris, at the court, and lords of land in Normandy; they were also masters of a small principality between France and Italy. As rulers practising enlightened despotism in Monaco right up to the time of the secession of Menton and Roquebrune in 1848, the princes continued to apply within their States and properties certain ideas and practices that had been exercised at the end of the XVIIIth century, adapting them to suit their own ideals of aristocratic patronage and their own interests. These practices included in particular the mania for collecting things, the mania for English things, agronomy and philanthropy. How to deal with the poverty and land use seemed to them to have become the essential requirements to cope with the growing industrialisation
Epron, Quentin. "La manière française du droit : contribution à l'histoire des méthodes juridiques de l'Humanisme aux pré-Lumières." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA02A080.
Full textSadrzadeh, Mandana. "La lecture du Coran et de la vie de Mahomet au siècle des Lumières." Nancy 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN21018.
Full textRight after the end of the seventeenth century, a new philosophical spirit aiming at discovering the islamic world spreads on the Occident and urges it to lift the veil weaved by the prejudices which first traces date back to the middle ages. At the down of the eighteenth century travelling merchants and orientalists eurdits feel the necessity to equip the european scholars with bibliographies aiming at favouring a more objective knowledge of Islam. New translations of Koran and a proliferation of studies about Mahomet's life offer a new vision, opened on another idea of the koranic fact. Scholars or popularizers put the blame on catholic writers for their abusive exploitation of the fear for Islam and its prophet. But they underline the importance of informing oneself before judging. Just as the Old and the New Testament, the Koran has been criticised by the time's being critics. But, surprinsingly this ordeal made him stronger against the assaults of the reason than the other sacred texts. The authenticity of the book, the simplicity and the rationality of its dogmas draw people's sympathy and even the praise of its readers. Many authors opposed to the devouts hostile to the prophet try to fight with the slanders accusing Islam of being sensual and crual. The judgments and reactions of philosophers, erudits, popularizers to the koranic fact and the contribution of their thinking make up the field of our research
Ryckebusch, Olivier. ""La cité sociale" : les hôpitaux généraux des provinces septentrionales française au siècle des Lumières." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30020/document.
Full textThe obligation (bond) made for people of law to lead (drive) the beggars in the prisons of the closest city raises the question of the confinement in the big cities (estates) of the provinces of the North. In France, the royal State believes to remedy these difficulties by the edict of June, 1662 ordering the creation of a general hospital in every city of the kingdom. The provinces of the North escape this movement up to the first third (third party) of the XVIIIth century. For the XVIth century, the assistance (audience) rests(bases) mostly on the Tables of the poor men there, charitable institutions were placed under the supervision (guardianship) of the Magistrates or people of law. After the wars of succession of Poland and Succession of Austria and under the influence of a new population growth, the northern provinces are confronted with an outbreak of the begging the scale of which questions brutally the efficiency of the model of assistance (audience) hispano - tridentin. The royal power strengthens just like that the repressive regulatory framework, arrests multiply and reveal the incapacity of the traditional structures of confinement. From the 1730s, the administrators (directors) of the main cities of the French Netherlands wish for a new shape of coverage (care) of the pauperism. The local authorities turn (shoot) then to the example of the general hospitals
Hanafi, Nahema. "Le frisson et le baume : souffrantes et soignantes au siècle des Lumières (France, Suisse)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20140.
Full textDuring the Enlightenment, women are excluded from medical professions – with the exception of midwives – and their practices are the subject of much criticism from doctors and surgeons who promote their own knowledge of the body to acquire a new social, economic and political status. The medicalization of society is not necessarily against women, because most of them are requested as mediators of novelty. In this context, this thesis questions the receipt of medical ambitions and the role played by women in the process of medicalization. Sources sought are not those produced by the medical profession to take distance with their normative and professional discourse, but those that emerge from the private : journals and memoirs, correspondence and record books, collections of recipes written by women. This thesis aims to compose a history of suffering and caregivers from discourse of women and not on women, at the intersection of social and cultural history of medicine, history of women and gender. This limits the analysis to the literate members of the nobility or gentry, French and Swiss in this case. Women’s knowledges are at the heart of the analysis by defining learning spaces of the body and body representations depicted by their writings. Women’s care practices are also considered, dissociating self-care – including both self-medication, therapeutic relationship and the influence of the family in the control of health and motherhood – and the care of others which refers to the body on which women exercise their power and their healing practices
Di, Rosa Geneviève. "La pensée du religieux au siècle des Lumières : études sémiostylistiques d'oeuvres littéraires et picturales." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040158/document.
Full textThe importance of Religion in the Age of the Enlightenment is no longer to be proven, whether it be historically, philosophically ar artistically. The question is to make out if there exists a way of thinking Religion in the XVIIIth century, i.e. specific modes of weighing meanings which are related to the invisible, the supernatural or the divine. Rather than one idea in particular (happiness, nature, energy, anxiety), we are studying a connection, an articulate relation between man and what can be symbolized : how a given society assesses this connection to the supernatural, and through wich media. Our investigation favours essays, the production of a thinking which never adheres to the identity or the concept, but which is rather a swerve, a movement, which allows it to explore terra incognita ; the investigation also favours history painting, the genre in which iconography is by essence cosa mentale, a visual manifestation of the mediations of a thinking. The semiostylistical analysis of the works are orientated by two poles, the biblical intertextuality and the socio-theological praxis of the quarrel over the refusal of sacraments. These analysis allow to grasp the mutations of the biblical paradigm, the rationalist thinking and mimetic aesthetics while they make light on the epistemological obstacles, the resistance points, the skandalon. Thinking Religion in the XVIIIth century, between audacity and dismay, appears marked by the jansenist thinking of testimony, as well as a questionning of rationalist thinking in favour of a new philosophy of language